Sumatra

sumatra

Two Memorable Dates in Seismology: Conclusion and References

Authors:
(1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden;
(6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India;
(7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Ocean data pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Functionalities Case study: Bay of Bengal Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References 5. Case study: Bay of Bengal The Summer Monsoon Current (SMC) is a prominent feature of Indian ocean circulation and the SMC flows around Sri Lanka to flow into the Bay of Bengal. We use pyParaOcean to study different phenomena in the Bay of Bengal, particularly during the monsoon. Eddies. Figure 5 is a rough schematic of the major currents and eddies in the Bay during the monsoon season. A large anticyclonic eddy (AE) located to the right of the SMC and a cyclonic eddy known as the the Sri Lanka Dome (SLD) to its left [VY98] are regular features in this region during summer. The AE has a diameter of about 500 km, located to the southeast off the coast of Sri Lanka, and is characterized by intense downwelling inside owing to its anticyclonic circulation. [VY98] proposed that the AE is formed by the interaction of the SMC and the incoming Rossby waves from Sumatra. The timeline of appearance and disappearance of the AE was documented in later work [VCMN04]. The AE starts forming in June, develops into its circular shape in July, and weakens in August, as shown in Figure 6 and the accompanying video. Salinity transport. pyParaOcean serves as an efficient tool to analyze the effects of AE on the Bay of Bengal. Streamlines and pathlines offer visualization of circulation associated with the AE and its movement in the ocean. The field lines may be overlaid on a volume rendering of a scalar to visualize the transport caused by the eddy. Figure 7 and the accompanying video show the streamlines overlaid on a salinity volume rendering at different time steps to show the role of the AE in transport of salt. The movement of high salinity water from the Arabian sea by the SMC into the Bay of Bengal and its recirculation by the AE is well captured in this representation. Tracking surface fronts of high salinity water and highlighting the long-lived tracks helps capture an overview of significant salinity movement in the region. We observe a track that moves towards the coast of India, see Figure 4. Downwelling. Figure 8 and the accompanying video show the use of the depth profile filter to visualize the depression of the 27◦ isotherm by the AE. The anticyclonic nature of the eddy causes a downwelling inside the eddy and pushes the relatively warmer water downward. The parallel coordinates view shows changes in temperature, salinity, and speed in the water column caused by the arrival of the eddy at the point of interest. Experience and performance. This case study was conducted in collaboration with an oceanographer coauthor. Several observations on phenomena such as the SLD and the movement of high salinity water could be made using pyParaOcean. While our oceanographer collaborators typically use tools such as pyFerret for 2D analysis, they found the capability of pyParaOcean to be very useful. After this initial satisfying experience, we plan to work together on the study of higher resolution model output using pyParaOcean. The surface front tracking and eddy detection filters take a few minutes, while all other filters take 1-2 seconds or less. All the experiments were run on a workstation with an 8 core AMDEPYC 7262 @ 3.2 GHz CPU with 512 GB main memory and NVIDIA RTX A4000 (16 GB) GPU. The surface front computation is parallelized using the python multiprocessing library but there is scope for further improvement in runtime. The eddy detection and visualization filter can also be optimized by parallelizing some of the computation. We plan to take this up in the future. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; (6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Authors: Authors: (1) Toshit Jain, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (2) Varun Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (3) Vijay Kumar Boda, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (4) Upkar Singh, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (5) Ingrid Hotz, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India and Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden; (6) P. N. Vinayachandran, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India; (7) Vijay Natarajan, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Ocean data Ocean data pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Architecture pyParaOcean: Functionalities pyParaOcean: Functionalities Case study: Bay of Bengal Case study: Bay of Bengal Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References 5. Case study: Bay of Bengal The Summer Monsoon Current (SMC) is a prominent feature of Indian ocean circulation and the SMC flows around Sri Lanka to flow into the Bay of Bengal. We use pyParaOcean to study different phenomena in the Bay of Bengal, particularly during the monsoon. Eddies . Figure 5 is a rough schematic of the major currents and eddies in the Bay during the monsoon season. A large anticyclonic eddy (AE) located to the right of the SMC and a cyclonic eddy known as the the Sri Lanka Dome (SLD) to its left [VY98] are regular features in this region during summer. The AE has a diameter of about 500 km, located to the southeast off the coast of Sri Lanka, and is characterized by intense downwelling inside owing to its anticyclonic circulation. [VY98] proposed that the AE is formed by the interaction of the SMC and the incoming Rossby waves from Sumatra. The timeline of appearance and disappearance of the AE was documented in later work [VCMN04]. The AE starts forming in June, develops into its circular shape in July, and weakens in August, as shown in Figure 6 and the accompanying video. Eddies Salinity transport. pyParaOcean serves as an efficient tool to analyze the effects of AE on the Bay of Bengal. Streamlines and pathlines offer visualization of circulation associated with the AE and its movement in the ocean. The field lines may be overlaid on a volume rendering of a scalar to visualize the transport caused by the eddy. Figure 7 and the accompanying video show the streamlines overlaid on a salinity volume rendering at different time steps to show the role of the AE in transport of salt. The movement of high salinity water from the Arabian sea by the SMC into the Bay of Bengal and its recirculation by the AE is well captured in this representation. Tracking surface fronts of high salinity water and highlighting the long-lived tracks helps capture an overview of significant salinity movement in the region. We observe a track that moves towards the coast of India, see Figure 4. Salinity transport. Downwelling . Figure 8 and the accompanying video show the use of the depth profile filter to visualize the depression of the 27◦ isotherm by the AE. The anticyclonic nature of the eddy causes a downwelling inside the eddy and pushes the relatively warmer water downward. The parallel coordinates view shows changes in temperature, salinity, and speed in the water column caused by the arrival of the eddy at the point of interest. Downwelling Experience and performance. This case study was conducted in collaboration with an oceanographer coauthor. Several observations on phenomena such as the SLD and the movement of high salinity water could be made using pyParaOcean. While our oceanographer collaborators typically use tools such as pyFerret for 2D analysis, they found the capability of pyParaOcean to be very useful. After this initial satisfying experience, we plan to work together on the study of higher resolution model output using pyParaOcean. The surface front tracking and eddy detection filters take a few minutes, while all other filters take 1-2 seconds or less. All the experiments were run on a workstation with an 8 core AMDEPYC 7262 @ 3.2 GHz CPU with 512 GB main memory and NVIDIA RTX A4000 (16 GB) GPU. The surface front computation is parallelized using the python multiprocessing library but there is scope for further improvement in runtime. The eddy detection and visualization filter can also be optimized by parallelizing some of the computation. We plan to take this up in the future. Experience and performance. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

pyParaOcean, A System for Visual Analysis of Ocean Data: Case study: Bay of Bengal

pyParaOcean, ein System zur visuellen Analyse von Ozeandaten: Fallstudie: Bucht von Bengalen

pyParaOcean, un sistema para el análisis visual de datos oceánicos: estudio de caso: Bahía de Bengala

pyParaOcean, un système d'analyse visuelle des données océaniques : étude de cas : Baie du Bengale

pyParaOcean, महासागर डेटा के दृश्य विश्लेषण के लिए एक प्रणाली: केस स्टडी: बंगाल की खाड़ी

pyParaOcean、海洋データの視覚的分析システム: ケーススタディ: ベンガル湾

pyParaOcean, 해양 데이터의 시각적 분석 시스템: 사례 연구: 벵골만

pyParaOcean, um sistema para análise visual de dados oceânicos: estudo de caso: Baía de Bengala

pyParaOcean, Система визуального анализа океанических данных: пример: Бенгальский залив

pyParaOcean, Okyanus Verilerinin Görsel Analizi İçin Bir Sistem: Örnek olay: Bengal Körfezi

pyParaOcean, Hệ thống phân tích trực quan dữ liệu đại dương: Nghiên cứu điển hình: Vịnh Bengal

pyParaOcean，海洋数据可视化分析系统：案例研究：孟加拉湾

's debut at CES 2024 with its in-home, smoke-free coffee bean roaster heralds a new era in coffee brewing, blending the sophistication of a café with the comfort of home brewing. Bunafr The device marks the first time consumers can bring the full coffee roasting experience into their homes, merging the allure of a café with the comfort of personal space. Bunafr's vision is ambitious: to transform every kitchen into a personal café. Anjani Annumalla, CEO of Bunafr, emphasizes this during CES: "Our goal is to elevate home-brewed coffee, making it not just comparable, but superior to your favorite coffee shop brew." This commitment to excellence is manifested in their innovative roaster, which is designed to be user-friendly and sophisticated.” At the heart of Bunafr's offering is their Smart Home Coffee Roaster, a testament to technological innovation in coffee making. With the push of a button, users can roast coffee to their exact liking. Bunafr's patent-pending technology is fully automated and tailored to the user's taste profile. It boasts an array of advanced features: Multi-modal heat transfer techn enabling variable batch size roasting in less than 10 minutes First Crack Detection and Multiple Bean Temperature Sensors for precise roasting. Pre-heating and Climate Control Smart roast chamber and patent-pending agitation designRoast Profiles for variable batch size, accommodating different brewing needs. Over a dozen sensors for precision control and repeatability. Offline Mode for traveling and use without WiFi Auto Dispense into storage jars with vacuum seal for convenience. Robust design and materials supporting Back to Back roasting Quick Cool Down of Roasted Beans, preserving flavor and aroma. Real Time Roast Control Technology™, enabling custom profile creation via an app Smart subscription of green coffee beans IoT technology Custom Roasting with an app or optimal roasting with the push of a button Green Subscription Model Bunafr enhances the coffee experience with three curated subscription models. The Single Origin Coffee subscription takes you on a journey to various coffee farms. Each month, a new micro-lot from a single origin partner is delivered, showcasing the diversity in flavors from different regions and countries. From bold tropical fruit notes of Costa Rican  beans to the complex spice of Sumatra, these single origin coffees provide a unique tasting experience. The company also offers the Blend Coffee subscription for coffees  made from single origin beans and Remarkable Coffees subscriptions featuring rare varietals and award-winning micro-lots, such as 90+ scoring geishas and exquisite Yemenese beans, offering a gateway to some of the most interesting and hard-to-find coffee origins and flavors. The freshness of coffee is paramount in Bunafr's philosophy. Studies have shown that green coffee beans maintain their flavor longer at room temperature, whereas roasted beans lose their flavor 63 times faster. Bunafr leverages this fact, enabling consumers to roast beans just before brewing, ensuring peak freshness. Furthermore, Bunafr reimagines the (roasted) coffee supply chain as a “green coffee” supply chain with a strong focus on ethical practices and eliminating unnecessary carbon footprint from every cup. By ensuring farmers receive a larger share of the profits, Bunafr supports sustainable and ethical farming. This model aligns with the fact that, “According to the International Coffee Organisation, coffee prices fluctuate by over annually, and climate change exacerbates this volatility, leading to uncertain incomes for farmers.” [ ] 30% SOURCE The company’s consumer appliance unveiling at CES signifies a shift in lifestyle. It invites coffee enthusiasts to explore the science and art of coffee, from the bean to roast to the cup. With Bunafr, the experience of brewing coffee becomes a journey of personalization, creativity, and enjoyment, merging the best of café culture with the uniqueness of home brewing.

The Future of Coffee at CES: Bunafr Brings Café Quality Coffee to the Home

Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . SHOWING WHAT HAPPENED ON THE VOYAGE FROM SINGAPORE TO HONG KONG here CHAPTER XVII. SHOWING WHAT HAPPENED ON THE VOYAGE FROM SINGAPORE TO HONG KONG The detective and Passepartout met often on deck after this interview, though Fix was reserved, and did not attempt to induce his companion to divulge any more facts concerning Mr. Fogg. He caught a glimpse of that mysterious gentleman once or twice; but Mr. Fogg usually confined himself to the cabin, where he kept Aouda company, or, according to his inveterate habit, took a hand at whist. Passepartout began very seriously to conjecture what strange chance kept Fix still on the route that his master was pursuing. It was really worth considering why this certainly very amiable and complacent person, whom he had first met at Suez, had then encountered on board the “Mongolia,” who disembarked at Bombay, which he announced as his destination, and now turned up so unexpectedly on the “Rangoon,” was following Mr. Fogg’s tracks step by step. What was Fix’s object? Passepartout was ready to wager his Indian shoes—which he religiously preserved—that Fix would also leave Hong Kong at the same time with them, and probably on the same steamer. Passepartout might have cudgelled his brain for a century without hitting upon the real object which the detective had in view. He never could have imagined that Phileas Fogg was being tracked as a robber around the globe. But, as it is in human nature to attempt the solution of every mystery, Passepartout suddenly discovered an explanation of Fix’s movements, which was in truth far from unreasonable. Fix, he thought, could only be an agent of Mr. Fogg’s friends at the Reform Club, sent to follow him up, and to ascertain that he really went round the world as had been agreed upon. “It’s clear!” repeated the worthy servant to himself, proud of his shrewdness. “He’s a spy sent to keep us in view! That isn’t quite the thing, either, to be spying Mr. Fogg, who is so honourable a man! Ah, gentlemen of the Reform, this shall cost you dear!” Passepartout, enchanted with his discovery, resolved to say nothing to his master, lest he should be justly offended at this mistrust on the part of his adversaries. But he determined to chaff Fix, when he had the chance, with mysterious allusions, which, however, need not betray his real suspicions. During the afternoon of Wednesday, 30th October, the “Rangoon” entered the Strait of Malacca, which separates the peninsula of that name from Sumatra. The mountainous and craggy islets intercepted the beauties of this noble island from the view of the travellers. The “Rangoon” weighed anchor at Singapore the next day at four a.m., to receive coal, having gained half a day on the prescribed time of her arrival. Phileas Fogg noted this gain in his journal, and then, accompanied by Aouda, who betrayed a desire for a walk on shore, disembarked. Fix, who suspected Mr. Fogg’s every movement, followed them cautiously, without being himself perceived; while Passepartout, laughing in his sleeve at Fix’s manœuvres, went about his usual errands. The island of Singapore is not imposing in aspect, for there are no mountains; yet its appearance is not without attractions. It is a park checkered by pleasant highways and avenues. A handsome carriage, drawn by a sleek pair of New Holland horses, carried Phileas Fogg and Aouda into the midst of rows of palms with brilliant foliage, and of clove-trees, whereof the cloves form the heart of a half-open flower. Pepper plants replaced the prickly hedges of European fields; sago-bushes, large ferns with gorgeous branches, varied the aspect of this tropical clime; while nutmeg-trees in full foliage filled the air with a penetrating perfume. Agile and grinning bands of monkeys skipped about in the trees, nor were tigers wanting in the jungles. After a drive of two hours through the country, Aouda and Mr. Fogg returned to the town, which is a vast collection of heavy-looking, irregular houses, surrounded by charming gardens rich in tropical fruits and plants; and at ten o’clock they re-embarked, closely followed by the detective, who had kept them constantly in sight. Passepartout, who had been purchasing several dozen mangoes—a fruit as large as good-sized apples, of a dark-brown colour outside and a bright red within, and whose white pulp, melting in the mouth, affords gourmands a delicious sensation—was waiting for them on deck. He was only too glad to offer some mangoes to Aouda, who thanked him very gracefully for them. At eleven o’clock the “Rangoon” rode out of Singapore harbour, and in a few hours the high mountains of Malacca, with their forests, inhabited by the most beautifully-furred tigers in the world, were lost to view. Singapore is distant some thirteen hundred miles from the island of Hong Kong, which is a little English colony near the Chinese coast. Phileas Fogg hoped to accomplish the journey in six days, so as to be in time for the steamer which would leave on the 6th of November for Yokohama, the principal Japanese port. The “Rangoon” had a large quota of passengers, many of whom disembarked at Singapore, among them a number of Indians, Ceylonese, Chinamen, Malays, and Portuguese, mostly second-class travellers. The weather, which had hitherto been fine, changed with the last quarter of the moon. The sea rolled heavily, and the wind at intervals rose almost to a storm, but happily blew from the south-west, and thus aided the steamer’s progress. The captain as often as possible put up his sails, and under the double action of steam and sail the vessel made rapid progress along the coasts of Anam and Cochin China. Owing to the defective construction of the “Rangoon,” however, unusual precautions became necessary in unfavourable weather; but the loss of time which resulted from this cause, while it nearly drove Passepartout out of his senses, did not seem to affect his master in the least. Passepartout blamed the captain, the engineer, and the crew, and consigned all who were connected with the ship to the land where the pepper grows. Perhaps the thought of the gas, which was remorselessly burning at his expense in Saville Row, had something to do with his hot impatience. “You are in a great hurry, then,” said Fix to him one day, “to reach Hong Kong?” “A very great hurry!” “Mr. Fogg, I suppose, is anxious to catch the steamer for Yokohama?” “Terribly anxious.” “You believe in this journey around the world, then?” “Absolutely. Don’t you, Mr. Fix?” “I? I don’t believe a word of it.” “You’re a sly dog!” said Passepartout, winking at him. This expression rather disturbed Fix, without his knowing why. Had the Frenchman guessed his real purpose? He knew not what to think. But how could Passepartout have discovered that he was a detective? Yet, in speaking as he did, the man evidently meant more than he expressed. Passepartout went still further the next day; he could not hold his tongue. “Mr. Fix,” said he, in a bantering tone, “shall we be so unfortunate as to lose you when we get to Hong Kong?” “Why,” responded Fix, a little embarrassed, “I don’t know; perhaps—” “Ah, if you would only go on with us! An agent of the Peninsular Company, you know, can’t stop on the way! You were only going to Bombay, and here you are in China. America is not far off, and from America to Europe is only a step.” Fix looked intently at his companion, whose countenance was as serene as possible, and laughed with him. But Passepartout persisted in chaffing him by asking him if he made much by his present occupation. “Yes, and no,” returned Fix; “there is good and bad luck in such things. But you must understand that I don’t travel at my own expense.” “Oh, I am quite sure of that!” cried Passepartout, laughing heartily. Fix, fairly puzzled, descended to his cabin and gave himself up to his reflections. He was evidently suspected; somehow or other the Frenchman had found out that he was a detective. But had he told his master? What part was he playing in all this: was he an accomplice or not? Was the game, then, up? Fix spent several hours turning these things over in his mind, sometimes thinking that all was lost, then persuading himself that Fogg was ignorant of his presence, and then undecided what course it was best to take. Nevertheless, he preserved his coolness of mind, and at last resolved to deal plainly with Passepartout. If he did not find it practicable to arrest Fogg at Hong Kong, and if Fogg made preparations to leave that last foothold of English territory, he, Fix, would tell Passepartout all. Either the servant was the accomplice of his master, and in this case the master knew of his operations, and he should fail; or else the servant knew nothing about the robbery, and then his interest would be to abandon the robber. Such was the situation between Fix and Passepartout. Meanwhile Phileas Fogg moved about above them in the most majestic and unconscious indifference. He was passing methodically in his orbit around the world, regardless of the lesser stars which gravitated around him. Yet there was near by what the astronomers would call a disturbing star, which might have produced an agitation in this gentleman’s heart. But no! the charms of Aouda failed to act, to Passepartout’s great surprise; and the disturbances, if they existed, would have been more difficult to calculate than those of Uranus which led to the discovery of Neptune. It was every day an increasing wonder to Passepartout, who read in Aouda’s eyes the depths of her gratitude to his master. Phileas Fogg, though brave and gallant, must be, he thought, quite heartless. As to the sentiment which this journey might have awakened in him, there was clearly no trace of such a thing; while poor Passepartout existed in perpetual reveries. One day he was leaning on the railing of the engine-room, and was observing the engine, when a sudden pitch of the steamer threw the screw out of the water. The steam came hissing out of the valves; and this made Passepartout indignant. “The valves are not sufficiently charged!” he exclaimed. “We are not going. Oh, these English! If this was an American craft, we should blow up, perhaps, but we should at all events go faster!” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1994). Around the World in Eighty Days. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/103/103-h/103-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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