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Most of us are convinced that we can dissociate humans from machines, but is it really the case? This study dives into this question using AI-generated profiles on dating apps. Would you swipe right for an AI? Let's find out. Watch the video References This AI Reads Your Brain to Generate Personally Attractive Faces, https://youtu.be/-ZibKcoW-7k GPT-2 Colab Notebook, https://colab.research.google.com/dri... [1] Sandra Bryant et al., "We Asked Artificial Intelligence to Create Dating Profiles. Would You Swipe Right?", (2021),  UNSW Sydney blog, ​. https://studyonline.unsw.edu.au/blog/... [2] M. Spape, K. Davis, L. Kangassalo, N. Ravaja, Z. Sovijarvi-Spape and T. Ruotsalo, "Brain-computer interface for generating personally attractive images," in IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, doi: 10.1109/TAFFC.2021.3059043. [3] Tero Karras and Samuli Laine and Miika Aittala and Janne Hellsten and Jaakko Lehtinen and Timo Aila, "Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGAN", (2019), published at CVPR, by NVIDIA. [4] Tero Karras and Samuli Laine and Miika Aittala and Janne Hellsten and Jaakko Lehtinen and Timo Aila, "Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Data", (2020), published at NeurIPS, by NVIDIA. [5] Radford, Alec and Wu, Jeff and Child, Rewon and Luan, David and Amodei, Dario and Sutskever, Ilya, "Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners", (2019), by OpenAI. [6] Tom B. Brown et al., "Language Models are Few-Shot Learners", (2020), arXiv, by OpenAI. Chapters Hey! If you see this, let me know if you liked the longer format of this video! ​ A super-intelligent machine... ft. Homo Deus ​ The study ​ Key findings ​ What is an AI-made-up person? ​ How to create a human-looking face using StyleGAN2 ​ How to create an identity using GPT-2 ​ The results ​ Don't forget to subscribe. You'll learn a lot of cool stuff, I promise! 0:00​ 1:06 2:57 3:47 4:19 5:13 6:53 8:42 9:46 Video Transcript 00:00 would you swipe right on an ai profile 00:02 most of us are convinced that we can 00:04 dissociate 00:05 humans from machines but is it really 00:08 the case 00:09 this is what the study reveals using ai 00:11 meta people on dating apps 00:14 as we discussed in the last video it's 00:15 now possible to train an artificial 00:17 intelligence to muddle what beauty is to 00:20 us 00:20 within a couple years the famous saying 00:23 beauty is in the eye of the beholder 00:25 may have to change to beauty is in the 00:27 ai of the beholder 00:29 indeed beauty is something rather 00:31 complex and subjective 00:33 in a recent study researchers showed 00:35 that artificial intelligence analyzing 00:37 your tastes and interests could generate 00:40 personally attractive faces i think you 00:43 will all agree that when you look at 00:44 someone and find the person attractive 00:46 you cannot really explain 00:48 why there may be many reasons involved 00:51 in this decision plus some of these 00:53 reasons may not even be directly related 00:56 to the physique of the person 00:58 it seems like these reasons may all be 01:00 electrical signals 01:01 and chemical mixtures in your brain 01:03 making you feel this way 01:05 if that's the case this data can be 01:07 processed and understood much more 01:09 effectively by a powerful computation 01:11 machine 01:12 then by ourselves of course this will 01:14 only be possible 01:16 considering a super intelligent machine 01:18 with access to all our personal data in 01:20 real time 01:22 such a machine will know even more about 01:24 you than yourself 01:25 able to explain its decision process 01:27 better than you are 01:28 give the exact reasons why this person 01:31 is attractive to you 01:32 and find your perfect match it will use 01:34 data that you don't even have 01:36 access to since it already knows the 01:38 other person 01:39 and won't be affected by temporary bias 01:42 caused by your feelings 01:44 such a google powered machine could 01:46 exist in the future 01:47 as uval noah harari will suggest in his 01:50 amazing book 01:51 homodes this thought probably sounds 01:54 extremely weird or even scary at first 01:57 but you have to consider that many 01:59 things will have to change in our 02:00 society to make this happen 02:02 and we are not even talking about the 02:04 trust issue arising 02:06 with such a technology that we first 02:08 need to face 02:09 anyways is this even a good thing do we 02:12 want an ai to tell us 02:13 what to like or even tell us that we are 02:16 wrong and show us what we really like 02:19 i don't know any of my relatives that 02:21 will enjoy following a super intelligent 02:23 machine 02:23 even if it was proven to know us better 02:25 than we do 02:27 for example such a machine could be 02:29 analyzing you constantly 02:31 including when you are dating someone 02:33 and it will be providing you with your 02:35 true 02:35 feelings regarding your date thus using 02:38 probabilities 02:39 statistics and a lot of data it could 02:42 judge 02:43 your two previous dates and come up with 02:45 the best match for you 02:47 now knowing that it's most certainly the 02:49 best decision for you considering all 02:51 the elements taking into account 02:53 the question is will you follow it 02:55 blindly 02:56 in the meantime researchers are 02:58 analyzing how human-like artificial 03:00 intelligences can be 03:02 most of us are convinced that we can 03:04 dissociate an 03:05 actual human from a machine but is it 03:08 truly the case 03:09 this is what this study reveals using ai 03:12 made up people 03:13 on dating apps indeed it's just like the 03:16 turing test 03:17 but on dating apps sandra bryant and her 03:19 team at unsw sydney 03:22 generated made-up people using 03:24 artificial intelligence to measure 03:25 precisely 03:26 how much of what you see on a person's 03:29 dating profile do you consider real 03:32 before we dive into the crunchy details 03:34 of this exciting research 03:36 let's watch a little overview of what 03:38 they found as it may peak your interest 03:40 as it did for me here are two key 03:43 findings of this study on 1008 singles 03:46 surveyed 03:47 they found that 62 percent of single 03:49 people will swipe right on an ai 03:52 generated dating profile 03:53 and 43 of these respondents said these 03:57 profiles looked real 03:58 this means that approximately half the 04:00 people cannot distinguish an 04:02 ai from an actual human based on a 04:05 person's looked and short description 04:07 of course this survey only represents a 04:10 small fraction of the population 04:11 being only 1000 single people using 04:14 dating apps 04:15 which does not correctly represent the 04:17 overall population 04:19 in their experiment an ai made up person 04:22 looked like this 04:23 well not exactly that will pretty much 04:25 give it away it more of looked like this 04:28 as you can see amy looks like a real 04:30 person and i'm not only talking about 04:32 her appearance 04:33 but even her presence seem real as they 04:36 mentioned 04:37 everything from their faces to their 04:39 words and identities were completely 04:41 constructed by artificial intelligence 04:44 indeed amy has an utterly fake identity 04:48 using a short and original description 04:50 and genuinely answering generic 04:52 questions asked by the dating app 04:54 it's even using humor and imagination 04:57 two things we will not suspect a machine 04:59 to have 04:59 this time soon it's pretty astonishing 05:02 in order to create such humanized fake 05:04 profiles 05:05 they had to achieve two main objectives 05:08 create a real looking profile pictures 05:11 and create a new identity for the farmer 05:14 the team used this person does not 05:17 exist.com 05:18 a website that generates not existing 05:21 people 05:22 randomly when you access or refresh it 05:24 the system uses a method 05:26 called stylegantu published in late 05:29 2019. 05:30 stargand2 and its most recent variation 05:33 sargent ii 05:34 ada are state-of-the-art generative 05:36 adversarial networks or gun 05:38 a gun is a neural network architecture 05:41 able to generate a completely artificial 05:43 image 05:43 following the style of the image it was 05:46 trained on thus replicating 05:48 what it has seen during its training to 05:50 generate new images 05:51 that don't even exist like human faces 05:54 in this case 05:56 here the style of the image can be 05:58 interpreted differently 05:59 in fact it can be adjusted to not only 06:01 replicate the overall style of the image 06:04 which in this case are pictures of human 06:06 faces but also to learn the style of 06:08 local features such as a nose eyes 06:10 hair etc which can also be controlled or 06:13 even randomized 06:14 during the generation process this is 06:17 possible because of the gann 06:18 architecture's power 06:20 where it learns by visually comparing 06:22 the results between the generated images 06:25 and the images that was supposed to 06:27 generate 06:28 such supposed or expected images are the 06:31 ones found in the training data 06:33 before entering into the second part of 06:35 these fake profiles responsible for 06:37 creating the fake identity i would like 06:39 to refer the most technical of you to a 06:41 previous video explaining guns 06:44 this 5-minute video will help you 06:46 understand how it works 06:48 with more technical details using a 06:50 great cartoonify example 06:52 the profiles were then made alive using 06:55 gpt2 06:56 a text generating model developed by 06:58 openai in 2019 07:00 you've undoubtedly heard of his big 07:02 brother gpdt 07:03 well the advantage of using gpt2 is that 07:06 it is open access and quite powerful 07:09 indeed you can try it yourself without 07:11 using a powerful computer or graphic 07:13 card 07:14 just by running the few lines in this 07:16 google collab notebook 07:18 which is linked in the description and 07:20 generate text for 07:22 any task you have data to train on even 07:25 better 07:25 if you don't have any data you can use 07:28 pre-trained models which are models that 07:30 have already been trained 07:31 that you can upload and run right away 07:34 to explain it simply 07:35 gpt 2 works by looking at hundreds of 07:38 thousands of text examples of your 07:39 choice 07:40 to generate by itself a brand new text 07:43 following again 07:44 the same style as the training data in 07:47 this case the training data 07:48 is text and the style is a dating 07:50 profile type of text 07:52 what is fun about this model is that it 07:54 is very intuitive 07:56 we can see that gpt2 finds its 07:58 inspiration by looking at 08:00 all the other dating profiles to find 08:03 winning 08:03 patterns and then tries to replicate 08:05 them in a brand 08:06 new dating profile that never existed 08:09 before 08:10 remember this study was about using 08:12 these fake profiles on dating apps to 08:14 study 08:15 how real life singles swiped on the fake 08:18 images 08:18 as well as their overall perceptions of 08:21 ai generated matches 08:23 before getting into this next section 08:25 here's a video i made about gpd2's big 08:27 brother gpt3 08:29 for the most curious among you 08:31 showcasing some impressive applications 08:33 and explaining how it works 08:35 since gpt3 is pretty much an upgraded 08:37 version of its predecessor 08:39 it is highly similar it just has a much 08:42 bigger memory meet michael a 08:45 non-existing adventurous 29 year old 08:47 oakland programmer 08:49 for michael 44 of respondents said that 08:52 he looked 08:52 real and 82 said that it was highly 08:55 attractive 08:56 with a subjective rating of more than 7 08:59 out of 10. 09:00 with this in mind 73.6 percent of people 09:04 said that they will swipe right seeing 09:06 this profile 09:07 similarly for amy 86 percent of 09:09 respondents 09:10 said she was highly attractive with 09:12 again a subjective rating of more than 7 09:15 out of 10. 09:16 69.8 said they will swipe right 09:19 similarly 44 said this profile looked 09:22 real 09:22 they showed the statistical results for 09:24 several other profiles in their study 09:26 which i invite you to read if you want 09:28 to see more fake profiles 09:30 like these you won't be disappointed the 09:33 results are very similar for all 09:35 profiles they tested in their 09:36 experiments 09:37 concluding that around half of their 09:39 respondents cannot distinguish a fake 09:41 from an actual person 09:43 moreover this half finds them highly 09:45 attractive 09:47 of course online dating is not the real 09:49 world and i am pretty confident the 44 09:52 of respondents wouldn't be duped when 09:54 seeing the person 09:55 on their first date but still the study 09:58 shows that 09:59 as they say the person you are talking 10:01 to may not always be 10:02 who they say they are to which i would 10:04 like to add that it might not even be a 10:06 person 10:07 at all when it's too good to be true it 10:10 probably is 10:11 to end on a more positive note the 10:12 advancement of artificial intelligence 10:14 is incredible 10:16 here they used previous state-of-the-art 10:18 techniques meaning that the fake 10:20 profiles could look even better now 10:22 not to talk about how these generative 10:25 models will perform in a couple of years 10:27 feel free to check out the study linked 10:29 in the comments and let me know what you 10:31 think about these fake profiles 10:33 do they look real to you i will gladly 10:36 discuss it with you in the comments 10:38 thank you for watching 10:47 [Music]

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