Squaresoft and Enix merged in 2003, and now they dominate the Japanese RPG scene. Square Enix has produced some strange games, like Kingdom Hearts and World of Final Fantasy. Some of their oddities include E.V.O.: Search for Eden, Fortune Street, and The Quiet Man.

Weirdest Square Enix Games Of All Time

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Square Dances Without Calls

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College Square Hospitality, Inc.

Square, Inc. provides, together with its subsidiaries, payment and point-of-sale solutions in the United States and internationally. The company's commerce ecosystem includes point-of-sale software and hardware that offers sellers to payment and point-of-sale solutions. It provides hardware products, including Magstripe reader, which enables swiped transactions of magnetic stripe cards; Contactless and chip reader that accepts Europay, MasterCard, and Visa (EMV) chip cards and Near Field Communication payments; Square Stand, which enables an iPad to be used as a payment terminal or full point of sale solution; Square Register that combines its hardware, point-of-sale software, and payments technology; Square Terminal, a portable payments device that replaces keypad terminals, which accepts various payment types, such as tap, dip, and swipe, as well as prints receipts; and managed payments solutions. The company also offers various software products, including Square Point of Sale; Square Virtual Terminal; Square Appointments; Square for Retail; Square for Restaurants; Square Invoices, Square Online Store; Square Loyalty, Marketing, and Gift Cards; and Square Dashboard. In addition, it offers developer platform, which includes application programming interfaces and software development kits. Further, it provides managed payments, instant transfer, Square Card, Square Capital, and payroll. Additionally, it provides Cash App, which enables to send, spend, and store money; and Weebly that offers customers website hosting and domain name registration solutions. Square, Inc. was founded in 2009 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Square builds common business tools in unconventional ways so more people can start, run, and grow their businesses. When Square started, it was difficult and expensive (or just plain impossible) for some businesses to take credit cards. Square made credit card payments possible for all by turning a mobile phone into a credit card reader. Since then Square has been building an entire business toolkit of both hardware and software products including Square Capital, Square Terminal, Square Payroll, and more. We’re working to find new and better ways to help businesses succeed on their own terms—and we’re looking for people like you to help shape tomorrow at Square. Founded in 2009 and headquartered in San Francisco, Square is currently available in the United States, Canada, Australia, UK, Japan, Ireland, France, and Spain. Square offices are located in San Francisco, Oakland, Seattle, New York, Atlanta, St. Louis, Scottsdale, Dublin, London, Toronto, Melbourne, and Tokyo.

SQUARE INC

Intent: Square wanted to provide a stronger error monitoring solution for its Point of Sales application and achieve a single source of truth for errors and crashes across its native applications. Result: By rolling out Bugsnag onto iOS, Square accesses all mobile stability management and error monitoring in one location, paving the way to introduce Bugsnag for all its future apps. Square Makes Merchant Services and Digital Payments Easy When Square, Inc. was founded in 2009, its objective was to provide an easier way for small business owners to accept credit cards from customers. Today, Square empowers companies of all sizes with a wide range of products and services for payments, loans, customer and employee management, and point of sale (POS) across multiple industries, including retail, food and beverage, and professional services. Over the years, Square has relied on various error monitoring solutions and used different tools for its Android and iOS applications. “We want to have a single source of truth for crashes across our apps, and we want to be able to apply multiple filters to triage an issue,” explains Anil Umarji, Engineering Manager, Quality, who oversees the Release Operations (RelOps) and Quality (QA) teams. Consolidating Error Monitoring for Native Apps is a Top Priority Seven years ago, Square’s Android team migrated to Bugsnag from previously using Crashlytics. Pierre-Yves (PY) Ricau, Staff Engineer, focuses on crashes and performance for Point of Sales (POS) and remembers why Square moved to Bugsnag for its Android error monitoring. “Crashlytics was originally built for iOS. When the company was acquired by Twitter, the team then built an Android solution that wasn’t as customizable and stable as we would have liked,” explains PY. “What Bugsnag brings to the table is extensive around things like custom indexing, filtering, and searching. It’s a game changer.” — PY Ricau, Staff Engineer In 2014, when Square adopted Bugsnag for Android, PY noticed an immediate improvement: “With Bugsnag, we have the source of a crash or error right there, which is something we didn’t have with Crashlytics. What Bugsnag brings to the table is extensive around things like custom indexing, filtering, and searching. It’s a game changer.” Today, Bugsnag is rolled out to Square’s full stack, including web and backend. The iOS team is finishing up its migration to Bugsnag from previously using Crashlytics, which is now Firebase. “We didn’t have a tool from the iOS perspective where we could apply multiple filters to triage an issue,” states Anil. “From a RelOps and QA perspective, we want to get the best of what’s on Android on iOS. After all, we have unique filters on Bugsnag, and the UI is pretty intuitive. We want that same functionality for iOS, too.” Bugsnag Error Details and Custom Filters Enable Experimentation, Investigation, and Timely Releases Because Square uses a lot of shared code across systems, it’s critical that any new features don’t break or affect other features. The move to Bugsnag for the iOS team will simplify QA and RelOps work by providing a single place to look for errors. “Point of sale is an intersection of all the other verticals at Square. Having POS for both Android and iOS on Bugsnag will help other teams know where the crashes and out-of-memory issues are,” explains Anil. “That’s the biggest advantage I can see from my team’s perspective.” The RelOps team currently uses Bugsnag for Android throughout its bi-weekly release development cycle and relies on Bugsnag to quickly address bugs that affect stability. “The Bugsnag dashboard is our go-to page every day to see what’s happening. There are two things we look at: production and our continuous testing,” states Anil. “We use phased rollouts for both Android and iOS, and we use Bugsnag to look at stack traces to see if a similar crash happened in the past and determine if it’s a new crash.” “The Bugsnag dashboard is our go-to page every day to see what’s happening.” — Anil Umarji, Engineering Manager, Quality “The investigation piece is where Bugsnag shines,” states PY. “We can add metadata to breadcrumbs, which helps us understand the steps that led to a crash. And, when you define custom filters, you can then define a list of crashes for a specific set of conditions.” All new features in Square are also behind a Bugsnag feature flag for easy identification. “From a feature stability perspective, tags help us to know if something broke with the new feature or if it’s something we’ve already found and tagged as one of our critical features,” explains Anil. “We also use custom tags in Bugsnag to make sure there are no regressions.” There’s one Bugsnag feature in particular that PY believes is a hidden gem. “When I don’t know exactly which crash I’m looking for, Bugsnag’s Timeline view is like gold. It provides visual clues about error rate changes and lets us filter, which is especially helpful for determining if an error is server-related. That type of information is invaluable.” “When I don’t know exactly which crash I’m looking for, Bugsnag’s Timeline view is like gold.” — PY Ricau, Staff Engineer Square Banks on Bugsnag to Encourage Product Ownership With teams using one solution for error monitoring and stability, Anil believes Bugsnag will further encourage ownership over the different parts of the applications. “Bugsnag has been a super helpful tool for us from an Android standpoint, and I hope very soon to replicate that with iOS as well,” states Anil. Looking forward, Square knows its partnership with Bugsnag will help achieve stability across its native applications and full stack. As Anil states, “One thing I really like about Bugsnag is the flexibility to develop what’s on top of what’s already there and the ability to ask for new feature sets from the Bugsnag team.” “Bugsnag is definitely made for the professional,” PY states. “And Bugsnag is still the best out there.” Previously published here.

Square Case Study: Bugsnag Struck Gold When Building the Timeline View

Hi Sandeep, welcome to our series “Behind the Startup.” Please tell us about yourself and the story behind Matic/Polygon? Ishan Pandey: Hi Ishan, great to be here! I’m Sandeep, the co-founder and COO of Polygon (Formerly Matic network). I have been involved with many tech businesses since my very early days. I have been active in the space since 2016, my journey into the blockchain industry started with a problem to solve: scalability and hence co-founded Polygon in 2017 with Jaynti Kanani and Anurag Arjun. Polygon is a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks, enabling Ethereum developers to scale their DApps for large scale usage. Sandeep Nailwal: Our team was the first team to create a working PoC for Plasma MVP. Vitalik Buterin and Joseph Poon started the Plasma Project. What was the driving force behind Matic’s rebranding as Polygon? What is the mission and purpose behind the rebrand? Ishan Pandey: Sandeep Nailwal: In order to expand our technical scope and mission, Matic Network is becoming Polygon — Ethereum’s Internet of Blockchains. The existing solutions will remain functional and of high priority. Our native token $MATIC remains critically important for securing and governing the network. The vision behind Polygon further extends the scope of the platform to support other major Layer 2 solutions such as Optimistic Rollups, zkRollups, Validium etc. Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system. Ishan Pandey:  Can you tell us about Polygon SDK and its different features? Polygon SDK is  a modular, flexible framework that supports building and connecting two major types of solutions: Sandeep Nailwal: Scaling solutions that rely on Ethereum for security instead of establishing their own validator pool. Secured chains (aka Layer 2 chains): Sovereign Ethereum sidechains, normally fully in charge of their own security, i.e. with their own validator pool. Standalone chains (aka Sidechains): Additionally, Polygon SDK will support and offer a number of auxiliary solutions and products which will extend Polygon functionalities, improve developer experience and introduce support for specific use cases. Examples of such solutions and products include: Inter-chain messaging protocols and modules; Data availability services; Shared security services; Adaptors for external blockchain networks; App-specific modules; Enterprise modules and products; Premium products and solutions etc. What kind of performance and transaction-handling can we expect from this dapp-ready Layer 2 Aggregator? Ishan Pandey: Polygon’s multi-chain scaling solution allows for selecting Blockchains and Frameworks suited explicitly for the Dapp. This means the games and NFT dapps like Neon District and Aavegotchi can utilize chains like Polygon POS, which offer up to 7200 TPS, DeFi protocols that need higher security, can use solutions like zk and Optimistic Rollups, and enterprises can launch standalone sidechains designed for specific business use cases. All of this can be done seamlessly through the Polygon SDK. Sandeep Nailwal: I also read that Polygon is planning to roll out staking to external validators. How will it work in technical terms and what would be its impact? Ishan Pandey: Staking to external validators has been live for 2 months now, and we’re proud to have one of the strongest validator networks in the world, maintaining the security of the Polygon POS Chain. Foundation Nodes will be turned off in the next few weeks, moving towards a path of full decentralization and community. Sandeep Nailwal: We are also constantly working on new ways to make the delegation and staking experience seamless for users. Stay tuned :) How has joining hands with Infosys impacted Matic Network’s prospects in the crypto space? Ishan Pandey: Infosys is one of Polygon’s pioneering transaction validators. The collaboration with Infosys, one of India’s leading tech companies and an ~80B NYSE listed giant, has accelerated a more robust technological infrastructure to power the blockchain ecosystem. Sandeep Nailwal: We’re excited to work with Infosys to bring more credibility and introduce big enterprise companies to public blockchains. Polygon is working closely with Infosys on many exciting collaborations. Can you explain what are standalone chains and shared security chains? Further, what will be their purposes? Ishan Pandey: In simple terms, Stand-alone Chains are fully sovereign Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. These networks are fully in charge of their own security, i.e. have their own pool of validators. Sandeep Nailwal: While Secured chains are Blockchain networks that use “security as a service” instead of establishing their own validator pool. The service can be provided either by Ethereum directly (via fraud proofs or validity proofs) or by a pool of professional validators (similar to Polkadot’s “shared security”). This year has witnessed the crypto market attaining an all-time high, especially with the Bitcoin boom. How will this corona boom affect the future of digital currencies? Ishan Pandey: Sandeep Nailwal: Cryptocurrency has started positioning itself as a safe haven asset, more like gold and other metals. Bulls are signalling that the crypto market is ready to take off. The price of everything in markets, from a small cap cryptocurrency to large cap ones, seems to be going up. The pandemic’s sudden shock has spurred businesses by necessity to digitalize, which includes tech-enabled and remote services. Virtual currencies have stepped in to fill that need. In fact, the crypto market has been ramping up to replace the traditional financial system with a more advanced one for quite some time and the pandemic has fuelled the ignition. With increasing, institutional participation from firms like Tesla, Square Inc, Paypal, volumes in cryptocurrency markets has been overwhelming. We believe Polygon will help accelerate the adoption of Crypto and enable higher accessibility, empowering smaller investors and creators. What are your views on the potential ban on cryptocurrencies in India? Ishan Pandey: I believe that this entire ban propaganda is created to spread FUD and nothing else. India might introduce some regulations concerning the cryptocurrency market, but I don’t anticipate a ban. Crypto is a growing industry globally. India is a growing economy. I really don’t think India would take any step to blanket ban crypto, as it’s an emerging technology with the potential to revolutionize and inspire massive system changes. Sandeep Nailwal: Crypto is too big globally now to blanket ban and India is such a big economy and has so much potential and talent, that missing out on the biggest financial revolution in the history of mankind seems highly unlikely. Having said that, Polygon’s entity structure is designed for such regulatory eventualities and our legal and accounting experts strongly believe that we are immune from any flux within the Indian regulatory system. The Indian entity that employs the Polygon team is completely isolated from cryptocurrencies and functions as a standard technology research company. How can devs start building on Polygon and how can one start using Polygon Dapps? Ishan Pandey: If you’re an Ethereum Developer, you’re already a Polygon developer! Leverage Polygon’s fast and secure txns for your Dapp; get started here. Using Polygon and the 100+ Dapps across DeFi and NFT like Polymarket, Aavegotchi, Quickswap, Neon District and so many more is as simple as switching to the Matic Network on Metamask, instructions for which you can find here. The purpose of this article is to remove informational asymmetry existing today in our digital markets by performing due diligence by asking the right questions and equipping readers with better opinions to make informed decisions. The material does not constitute any investment, financial, or legal advice. Please do your research before investing in any digital assets or tokens, etc. The writer does not have any vested interest in the company.

"India May Regulate Crypto But I don’t Anticipate A Ban" - Sandeep Nailwal

Bitcoin is trading at record levels since December 2020. Investors around the world are placing stakes on this digital currency to hedge against inflation, as central banks continue issuing fiat currency to help the economy. Today Bitcoin is a truly digital equivalent of gold. But if the gold rates increased by 22% during the last year, the price of Bitcoin increased by 144%! Moreover, on January 8, 2021, the most famous digital cryptocurrency has reached its new all-time-high level of $41,941.56. Large Investors In Bitcoin The world’s leading media are reporting a record investing inflow from huge institutional companies in Bitcoin. Let’s’ take a look at the companies that have already invested in digital gold. Square, Inc. Last year American financial services company founded by Jack Dorsey (CEO of Twitter Inc.) has invested $50,000,000 in Bitcoin. The company‘s investment division emphasized that they consider cryptocurrency as a tool for expanding economic opportunities. “We believe that Bitcoin has the potential to be a more ubiquitous currency in the future. As it grows in adoption, we intend to learn and participate in a disciplined way. For a company that is building products based on a more inclusive future, this investment is a step on that journey.” – Amrita Ahuja, Square’s Chief Financial Officer Nowadays Square, Inc. owns 4,709 BTC, which is the equivalent of over 0.025 percent of Bitcoin’s total circulating supply. SkyBridge Capital This investment company is led by the famous American financier and the former White House director of Communications – Anthony Scaramucci. In January 2021, SkyBridge Capital launched a new Bitcoin fund and revealed that the company has already invested in BTC about  $310,000,000. “We believe Bitcoin is in its early innings as an exciting new asset class. With the institutional quality custody solutions available today, we believe the time is right to allocate capital and provide our clients access to the digital assets space. ” – Anthony Scaramucci Ruffer Investment Company In November 2020, British fund firm Ruffer allocated  2.5% of its assets under management to  Bitcoin. The total investments exceeded $744,000,000. So today Ruffer holds about 45,000 BTC. The company’s said that this investment was primarily a protective move against risks in a fragile monetary system and financial markets. “Negative interest rates, extreme monetary policy, ballooning public debt, dissatisfaction with governments – all provide powerful tailwinds for bitcoin at a time when conventional safe-haven assets, particularly government bonds, are perilously expensive.” MicroStrategy Analytical giant MicroStrategy was one of the first public companies that invested in Bitcoin. At the beginning of August 2020, the company acquired about 21,454 BTC. Later the head of the company, Michael Sailor, said that investing in Bitcoin is part of a new strategy designed to maximize long-term value for the company’s investors. “#Bitcoin is emerging in 2021 as the new, compelling institutional-grade safe-haven asset. Excess cash is a drag on shareholder value in the current monetary environment, so we can expect more firms to adopt Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset.” – Michael Sailor Today MicroStrategy owns 70,784 BTC. Grayscale Investments This investment company is the largest institutional holder of BTC. The firm’s flagship product is the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), which allows accredited investors to make money on Bitcoin without actually owning it.  In total, Grayscale Investments holds 616,000 BTC which is more than 2% of the Bitcoin total circulation supply. Moreover, the company is also actively investing in other cryptocurrencies like ETH, LTC, Bitcoin Cash, Zcash, and XRP. Should I Invest In Bitcoin? Analytics thinks that in 2021, we may see a longer list of organizations investing in digital assets which will defiantly make a huge impact on the crypto industry. There are some trends that can already be observed like reduced volatility of the crypto market, Bitcoin’s price increase, and mass adoption of cryptocurrencies. Is Bitcoin A Good Investment? What are your thoughts on the institutional investors? Do you agree that they will help crypto to go mainstream? Share your thoughts in the comments below. The views and opinions expressed here are solely those of the author. Every investment and trading move involves risk. You should conduct your own research when making a decision. Previously published at https://stealthex.io/blog/2021/01/26/is-bitcoin-a-good-investment/

Investing In Bitcoin: A Fence-Sitter's Guide

Crypto is here, crypto is there, crypto soon will be everywhere. The only problem is that the larger the industry, the greater attention from regulators. Over the last few years, almost every central bank had something to say about crypto. In most cases, they referred to the risks of investing in digital assets, warning that no legal recourse would be available to crypto investors in the event of a loss. Many AML/CFT authorities developed or adapted regulation to apply to certain types of crypto assets, with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) updating its standards to cover virtual assets and virtual asset service providers in 2018. The Swiss FINMA, MAS, and UK FCA have issued high-level guidance on the treatment of crypto assets in order to help identify whether existing legislation and regulations apply to them. didn´t want to collaborate with the emerging industry, imposing restrictions on investments in cryptocurrencies. Their reasoning was that cryptocurrencies are mainly issued for illegal activities, such as money laundering and terrorism. Others Additionally, they required banks and other financial institutions that facilitate such markets to conduct all the due diligence requirements imposed under such laws. Algeria, Bolivia, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam, for example, banned all activities involving cryptocurrencies. China, Macau, and Pakistan, on the other hand, banned ICOs. It is also true that some jurisdictions saw an opportunity in the crypto industry. While not recognizing cryptocurrencies as legal tender, they saw a potential in the technology behind it and began developing a cryptocurrency-friendly regulatory regime as a means to attract investment. Why so much attention to a considerably small crypto industry? , the government wants to regulate digital currencies to: Officially Stop Money Laundering and Fraud Prevent Illegal Activities Stop Terrorism Provide a Trustworthy Infrastructure to the Citizens Gain Authority Over the Cryptocurrencies In reality, most of the points do not stand up to closer examination. Not to waste the reader´s time, it´s enough with mentioning that the blockchain is a system built on foundations of mutual mistrust. And that´s exactly what makes it trustworthy, the absence of centralization. Cryptographic hash links and distributed consensus mechanisms ensure that the data stored on an immutable blockchain can not be altered or deleted. If we try to understand the real reason behind this "witch hunt" is that governments want to expand the reach of their financial surveillance and get rid of privacy protections. The DOJ even said that have to register with FinCEN and have to “collect and maintain customer and transactional data” or else be subject to civil and criminal penalties. How decentralized they will be then... DECENTRALIZED EXCHANGES 2020 - The year of mass crypto-adoption? Whilst most of the world has been dealing with the negative consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, 2020 was a great year for Bitcoin as well as the industry itself. Numerous investment sharks even started calling Bitcoin an inflation hedge instrument, especially in the context of trillion stimulus packages. Wall Street from Paul Tudor Jones to Stanley Druckenmiller blessed it as an alternative asset. And companies like MicroStrategy Inc. and Square Inc. moved cash reserves into crypto in search of better returns than near-zero interest rates deliver. veterans Sounds promising, doesn't it? Maybe, but there is one serious problem. People forget about Bitcoin origins. It was supposed to be an alternative to fiat currencies, to fight against “the Big Brother”. Instead, everyone is talking about institutional investors’ money and that Bitcoin is the new gold. Could you imagine Satoshi Nakamoto expecting his creature to be legalized one day and serving for the good of the government? That sounds insane, but the reality is disappointing. Better it goes, closer attention from regulators At the same time as is gaining momentum, it is also capturing greater attention from regulators. Clearly, Central Banks see a threat in the Crypto industry and they don’t want to lose control over money flows. The only thing is that it isn’t that easy to ban something decentralized, something that has no central control. Bitcoin The question now is if there will be a tighter regulation with Biden in the White House. Janet Yellen, new Treasury Secretary, already called cryptocurrencies “a particular concern”. The UK’s Financial Conduct Authority and the president of the European Central Bank also called for more stringent regulatory scrutiny for cryptocurrencies, alleging to the extreme volatility and criminal activity often associated with the market. Europol that DarkMarket operated on the hidden part of the internet known as the dark web and had been used by 2,400 vendors to sell drugs worth more than €140m using cryptocurrencies including bitcoin and monero. said Will regulations kill Bitcoin? According to the “The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets”, for dozens of regulatory actions concerning a wide variety of subjects in six major jurisdictions, no evidence was found that these regulations either attract or repeal traders to the jurisdiction. Neither it has been discovered that national-level regulation affects global trading volume. study Thus, authors believe that imposing new regulations on cryptocurrencies will not lead to capital flight. Cryptocurrencies are bought and sold on exchanges across the globe, so traders can simply change exchanges. In this context, some argue that governments should allow emerging technologies to develop unimpeded – and that attempts to regulate cryptocurrencies would simply push their exchanges, investment managers, and surrounding firms in their rich ecosystem offshore to more laissez-faire jurisdictions. If u Lose, U Can Guide! Governments don’t like losing money and the lack of regulation doesn’t allow them to charge capital gains from crypto profits. What is the solution? Introduce new taxes. Earlier this month, it will begin taxing crypto benefits 20 percent, from both buying and selling, beginning in 2023. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) treats Bitcoin as property rather than a currency for federal tax purposes. People who engage in Bitcoin mining are also subject to U.S. taxation. South Korea announced In the case of the EU, in 2015, the (ECJ) declared that Bitcoin transactions “are exempt from VAT (value-added tax) under the provision concerning transactions relating to currency, banknotes, and coins used as legal tender.” Thus, according to the ECJ, Bitcoin is a currency and not property. European Court of Justice In Japan, Bitcoin is officially considered a payment method. The sale of Bitcoin is exempted from consumption tax as of 1st of July 2017. A brief history of capital gains tax Back in 1921, the United States was to pay off World War I debts; inflation was high, as was unemployment. In other words, the country was in the midst of a depression. Post-war income taxpayers, wearied of war sacrifices, blamed the income tax system, which caused capital to flow into tax-exempt securities instead of industry. To be more precise, to meet the increased need for revenue, Congress enacted a variety of taxes, including numerous excise taxes, an excess profits tax, a capital stock tax, and, most importantly, an ever-expanding income tax. struggling On August 14, 1914, the Treasury issued a private letter stating that gain from the sale of securities by a beneficiary of a will was taxable. In December of that year, an official Treasury decision required taxation of profits from the sale of real estate. In the Revenue Act of 1916, Congress had intended to tax stock dividends as income, but failed because “such taxation was unconstitutional under the sixteenth amendment.” Additionally, politics provided strong reasons to uphold the taxability of capital gains. Since the Pollock decision in 1895 the Court and Congress had been at odds over the extent of congressional power in the taxing area. In 1919, the Treasury finally promulgated a regulation providing that income included "gains derived from the sale or other disposition of capital assets." By 1920, the Bureau of Internal Revenue had already been treating capital gains as income for several years. In summary, the Supreme Court made its capital gains decision in the context of a post-war country in the midst of a depression. Conclusion There is almost no doubt that sooner or later the mast majority of regulators will turn their eye on the cryptocurrency industry. Clearly, central banks don´t want any competitors in their space, which is why they began announcing so-called CBDCs. They want to get rid of privacy and anonymity, thus we will continue to see attempts to expand the reach of their financial surveillance and get rid of privacy protections.

Crypto: Sooner or Later Will Come Regulator

FinTech has been around for years. Whether you believe it to be the growth of PayPal in a world where digital payments were almost noon-existent to the rise of banking apps that allowed people to make transactions easily, there has always been some form of FinTech available for people to easily live their lives. However, the recent coronavirus pandemic has truly been a watershed moment in the FinTech era. So far, the pandemic has provided the impetus that FinTech firms need to gain the right amount of traction with their customers. With banks closing shop and other locations seeing limited to no activity at all, people have had to move into online, digital payments as a means of keeping themselves from being stranded. For years, many believed that they didn’t need digital payments — whether due to a general displeasure with the process of learning something new or the belief that traditional banking as enough. In 2008, the financial crisis happened and brought a change to the norm. most traditional banks understood that they would need to move digital to save themselves, as rent and other fixed costs became a bit of a problem. Now, we’re having another watershed moment in the global finance industry. FinTechs have become increasingly prominent. Statistics from App Annie showed that countries like China, the United States, and Japan saw the highest surge in the duration that consumers spent using FinTech apps in March 2020. Japan led the way with 55 percent, while South Korea came in second with 35 percent. The United States and China came in third and fourth with 20 percent apiece. Even in developing economies, the move towards FinTech has been quite rapid. In Latin America, there has been a significant uptrend in Fintech adoption for some years. As the pandemic hit, however, FinTech adoption surged even more. According to a from the deVere Group., Europe saw a staggering 71 percent increase in Fintech adoption in March 2020. research report Glint Pay, an app that allows people to purchase gold, a gobsmacking 718% increase in its traffic in one week in March. At the same time, banking apps in Asia and the Middle East also reported that their adoption rates and usage levels had surged significantly. A bank in Singapore even confirmed that the number of registrations on its online banking system had surged more than 100 percent. Currently, Fintech is one of the surging economic areas of the world. reported reportedly A Growth in Digital Payments It’s no secret that e-commerce has been a booming industry since the lockdown began. People have shown a desire to rather shop online than go outside to risk catching the coronavirus. as expected, this has meant a growth in the digital payments sector as well. According to a from McKinsey & Company, e-commerce transaction volumes grew by 81 percent in less than a month after the government announced a lockdown in the country. Even people who preferred in-person shopping still had to open digital payment accounts as shops refused to collect cash and directed users to make online payments instead. study PayPal, seen by many as the largest mobile payments service solution, saw a 20.2 million surge in accounts for the first quarter of the year. in April, amount 250,000 people opened accounts with the company. Square Inc. another top payment processor, saw a 300 percent increase in direct-deposit volumes for its digital payments platform CashApp. It has been a matter of “nowhere else to go.” Whether people want to shop online or would still prefer to make the trip to their favorite convenience stores, there was no way of escaping digital payments. Digital Lending Surge Digital lending platforms have also played a prominent role in helping to keep economies afloat. With companies having to partially or completely shut down, many have needed loans to keep operations running. Digital lending platforms have risen to the challenge, helping government programs in more ways than one by allowing people and companies to borrow at low interest rates. In March, People Fund, Korea’s top digital lending service, got $1 billion worth of loan applications. The fund’s application count also surged by 123 percent over the same period in 2019. This surge indicates a shift in borrowers’ appetite for online lenders — which are more accessible and easier to work with than government platforms. Online Investing Growth There has also been a considerable growth in online investing so far. Robinhood, a digital investing app, added 3 million new customers in the first three months of the year. Apps like these focused on two things particularly — appeal to millennials and peoples’ desire to move their money easily. Instead of dealing with traders and traditional firms that had also closed down, they could basically keep investing without worrying about a lockdown affecting their funds. What Does the Future Hold? It’s quite evident that this trend will continue going forward. Even after the virus blows over, many will keep to the trends that the virus has brought. It might not be at the scale of what it was during the lockdowns, but things won’t go back to how they used to be. Companies are beginning to understand this, and that is why they’re also innovating to be significant parts of the future. One of the most exciting is , a peer-to-peer (p2p) crypto project that plans to build an integrated Fintech ecosystem with all the capabilities that customers could want. Nimbus Nimbus is currently working on developing a cross-functionality system, leveraging its strong Nimbus Core technology to combine cryptocurrency functionalities and cloud-based computing. While it functions primarily as a p2p crypto exchange, this platform does much more. It comes with an Initial Public Offering (IPO) hub, a p2p lending interface, a social trading platform, and a crypto merchant service. Security is optimal on the platform, with the developers touting it as the most secure crypto service in the world. The company’s CEO Fernando Martinho explains of the project: “At Nimbus we leverage technology to develop new and augment existing capabilities for the discovery, distribution, operation, and servicing of financial products and services.” Both beginners and experts will love how easy and seamless the platform works, as it includes an easy-to-use interface that allows operational convenience. While it isn’t launched, is a perfect example of a company gearing up for the inevitable dominance of FiTtech. Nimbus

The COVID19 Crisis Has Accelerated The Growth of FinTech

Disclaimer: Some links in this article are referral links. The author may be compensated should you use these links. None of the following is financial advice. Please do your own research before allocating money towards cryptocurrency. So, you’ve heard the hype about Bitcoin. Maybe you’ve gotten your hands on some recently. Good for you! You’re a part of a movement. So what’s next? Saving and accumulating Bitcoin is one of my favorite pastimes, but what’s the point of growing wealth if you have no way to spend it? There are currently plenty of ways to “spend” your Sats (short for Satoshi, or 100 millionth of 1 Bitcoin), but most people want to spend with plastic. It’s fast, it’s convenient, and cards are accepted pretty much anywhere. I personally have both the , and the , which I will be reviewing and comparing below. MCO Ruby Steel Visa Card CashApp Cash Card MCO’s Ruby Steel Visa Card Launching with a , MCO has just begun shipping out their Visa cards to the US. They are much more than just a Visa Debit card, but there are some features (and lack of features) you should know about before diving in. $26.7 million ICO in 2017 How Can I Get One? Simple! You can get a MCO Visa Card (my referral code is “y6zewknlt8” — we’ll both get $50 of MCO when you use it), (my card required a 50 MCO 6 month stake, which cost about $100 at the time of staking, and is worth about $220 at time of writing) …I’d say it’s worth the wait and investment. Here’s why: through this link but don’t get too excited just yet, as the card requires both KYC and a 6 month MCO stake to get most of the card benefits . However MCO Standout Features 5 different cards of varying material and benefit, depending on levels of MCO stake. .Cash back — each card comes with varying percentages of cash back on all purchases (the Ruby pictured above comes with 2% cash back)Monthly credit towards Spotify, Netflix, Expedia, AirBnB, and airport lounge access, depending on the card you choose (the Ruby comes with $9.99 USD monthly Spotify credit) More info here All of these perks are absolutely mind blowing for a cryptocurrency-based Visa card, and arguably these perks are what make MCO’s Visa card worth the investment. There are a few more features the app offers that are worth mentioning too: MCO’s Crypto.com App Features — while MCO isn’t the first crypto company to experiment with loans, the idea remains interesting. Using this service, you can put up Bitcoin as collateral and receive a USD loan. To me, this doesn’t make much sense, as there are easier ways of getting USD for your BTC (without interest). — a more attractive concept in my mind is MCO’s “Earn” program that allows you to lock up a cryptocurrency for a set amount of time and earn interest in that particular crypto (percentages vary based on length of term and amount of MCO staked). So, if I were to lock up some Bitcoin for 3 months with my current Ruby card MCO stake, I’d make about 8% (in BTC) per annum, paid out monthly. This option may be good for someone who doesn’t feel confident in accumulating Bitcoin through trading. — Crypto.com is working on making cryptocurrency payments mainstream. They want to make it simpler for shops to accept crypto (more info in the previous link), and they make it easy to top up gift cards with cryptocurrency to your favorite retail shop. On the home screen of the Crypto.com app, click “Pay” and then “Shop Now” to see all of the available stores. Credit Earn Pay Things You Should Know There are a of amazing features that I love about my new Ruby Steel Card, but one major complaint I have is that I can’t actually spend my Bitcoin — I have to convert to USD first. ton To use the Visa card, you have to regularly top it up, which you can do by either converting Bitcoin to USD, or through an in-app Fiat Wallet (which is essentially a way to electronically deposit from your bank to your wallet. This method can take 3–5 business days to clear, from what I have read). In addition, MCO/Crypto.com is a custodial wallet, meaning that you don’t have access to your private keys. In crypto speak, this means that you are trusting MCO with your money instead of a traditional bank. Knowing this, it is important to consider how much money you hold on their app. Only keep crypto in such a wallet that you’re willing to lose completely. Finally, I would say that the MCO card/app system is currently too complicated for those who are new to the cryptocurrency space. There are many different types of cryptocurrency available for use with the app (which is great for someone who knows what they’re doing), concepts such as “staking” aren’t easily understood, and honestly no one needs to “top up” their bank account (unless they’re unemployed). My Verdict All this being said, I’d give the a 3/5 rating, and I’d highly recommend that you try it out. There really aren’t that many companies shipping out crypto Visa debit cards at the moment, and MCO has the potential to dramatically improve. MCO Ruby Steel Visa Debit Card If MCO introduced a non-custodial crypto wallet option, allowed for the spend of Bitcoin directly, and provided Bitcoin back rewards instead of MCO or cash, I’d give a much higher rating. CashApp’s Cash Card , Square, Inc. released “Square Cash” which later became known as “CashApp.” Initially meant for businesses, the app quickly became a competitor for apps like PayPal and Venmo, and rocketed to prominence shortly after the introduction of their “Cash Card.” In March of 2015 CashApp made waves in January of 2018 when they integrated Bitcoin trading, and hit the headlines again this summer when the allowed for Bitcoin deposits and withdrawals, making it a popular app in the crypto space. CashApp does not currently claim that their Cash Card is a “crypto debit card,” but in the end it functions about the same way that the MCO card does. Note: How Can I Get One? Again, simple! You can (again, a referral link — we’ll both get $5 when you sign up), and then you’ll have to complete the KYC process to get your Visa Cash Card. The process is easy — I received my card in 7 business days. download the CashApp here CashApp Cash Card Standout Features Free — the CashApp doesn’t require any sort of stake, and they don’t charge a fee to ship you your Cash Card. It’s plain plastic, but you can customize it with a small library of symbols, pictures, and lettersSimplicity — anytime anyone new asks me about Bitcoin, I direct them to CashApp. Not only do they make sending, receiving, and spending money easy, they also make sure your Bitcoin experience is seamless, providing plenty of confirmation, security, and explanation along the wayBoosts — your Cash Card comes with rotating cash back benefits — right now I have mine set to $3 off any AMC purchase, but you could use the 15% back from Door Dash, $1 off any coffee shop purchase, and several others. Things You Should Know Just like MCO’s card, you can’t actually spend Bitcoin. Rather, you have to sell off whatever Bitcoin you’d like to “fund” your Cash Card (all payments from either Bitcoin sells or cash transfers stay in your app until you cash out to your bank. Cash Card uses this balance to fund your card). In addition, the CashApp Bitcoin wallet is custodial, just like MCO’s, meaning you don’t control the keys and should be aware that you’re trusting CashApp instead of your bank . . Remember, you should never put more money into any cryptocurrency or crypto app than you can afford to lose My Verdict Because of the ease of use, simple and clear Bitcoin messaging, and easy access to the Cash Card, I give CashApp’s Cash Card a 2.8/5. In my mind, this isn’t necessarily a negative rating as they could (and probably will, at their current rate) outpace MCO with a few upgrades. Should you get one? Absolutely! CashApp could improve in all the same ways MCO could — by allowing customers to spend either Bitcoin or USD from the Cash Card, giving the option to earn Bitcoin back instead of cash back (something my friends over at have been crushing recently), and they could integrate a non-custodial wallet in which you could store your Bitcoin savings, thereby creating a sort of savings/checking system. Lolli Finally, CashApp could take a page from MCO’s perk book. Customers love benefits! The Cash Card boost system is cool, but could be much better, as MCO illustrates. Final Thoughts While MCO and CashApp certainly aren’t the only two crypto debit card options in the works, they are two of the few that you can currently use. The , created by the Winklevoss twins, is pioneering the “spend crypto directly” problem, but they don’t have a physical card yet. is working on the “Bitcoin back” problem, but also has yet to release a physical card (I’m on the waiting list for this one). Spedn App Blockrize It’s important to remember that the crypto/plastic payment space is barely out of its infantile stages, and is slowly learning to crawl. Keep this in mind, and give both the MCO card and the Cash Card a try. Let me know what works and what doesn’t work for you in the comments! If you’re new to cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, and sound money, I’d highly recommend researching ways you can get “skin in the game.” My article “ ” will help you do just that, and if you have any questions feel free to . 3 Ways You Can Get Into Crypto Without Investing Your Money hit me up on Twitter @PurpleSuede22

The Best Bitcoin Visa Debit Card

(Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs) 1.3.4 My 1.3.4 exercise solutions are also on Github here: https://github.com/bolducp/SICP/tree/master/exercises/chapter_01/1.3_exercises The final sub-section (1.3.4) of this section on higher-order procedures (1.3) focuses on the usefulness of not only using procedures as arguments but also as the return value of procedures. We are walked through a transformation of the and functions from earlier sections that are implemented, instead, using procedures that return other procedures. One of the main advantages illuminated by this comparison is how explicit the code built up from this style of becomes. sqrt newtons-method programming This section also spends some time explaining the mathematical equations for finding derivatives and average-dumping on the path to implementing the square-root and Newton’s method procedures. It also contains a useful, concise definition of a term that is still often thrown around when discussing programming languages, “first-class status” in reference to types of elements (pgs 76–77). Finally, I’d like to point out this gem of a paragraph, which I think beautifully articulates why the focus of this entire chapter on higher-order procedures matters, in practical terms, for the code we write everyday: As programmers, we should be alert to opportunities to identify the underlying abstractions in our programs and to build upon them and generalize them to create more powerful abstractions. This is not to say that one should always write programs in the most abstract way possible; expert programmers know how to choose the level of abstraction appropriate to their task. But it is important to be able to think in terms of these abstractions, so that we can be ready to apply them in new contexts. The significance of higher-order procedures is that they enable us to represent these abstractions explicitly as elements in our programming language, so that they can be handled just like other computational elements. (pg 76) 1.3.4 Exercises My solutions are provided in gray text blocks below each exercise question. Exercise 1.40 Define a that can be used together with the procedure in expressions of the form (newtons-method (cubic a b c) 1). To approximate zeros of the cubic x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c procedure cubic newtons-method (define (fixed-point f first-guess)(define (close-enough? v1 v2)(< (abs (- v1 v2))0.0001))(define (try guess)(let ((next (f guess)))(if (close-enough? guess next)next(try next))))(try first-guess)) (define dx 0.00001) (define (deriv g)(lambda (x)(/ (- (g (+ x dx)) (g x))dx))) (define (newton-transform g)(lambda (x)(- x (/ (g x)((deriv g) x))))) (define (newtons-method g guess)(fixed-point (newton-transform g)guess)) (define (cube x)(* x x x)) (define (cubic a b c)(lambda (x)(+ (cube x)(* a (square x))(* b x)c))) (newtons-method (cubic 2 -5 7) 1) Exercise 1.41 Define a procedure _double_ that takes a procedure of one argument as argument and returns a procedure that applies the original procedure twice. For example, if _inc_ is a procedure that adds 1 to its argument, then _(double inc)_ should be a procedure that adds 2. What value is returned by (((double (double double)) inc) 5) (define (inc n) (+ n 1)) (define (double f)(lambda (x) (f (f x)))) (((double (double double)) inc) 5) = 21 Exercise 1.42 Let f and g be two one-argument functions. The f after g is defined to be the function x ↦ f(g(x)). Define a procedure that implements composition. For example, if is a procedure that adds 1 to its argument: ((compose square inc) 6) composition compose inc (define (inc n) (+ n 1))(define (square n) (* n n)) (define (compose f g)(lambda (x) (f (g x)))) ((compose square inc) 6) = 49 Exercise 1.43 If f is a numerical function and n is a positive integer, then we can form the nth repeated application of f, which is defined to be the function whose value at x is f(f(…(f(x))…)). For example, if f is the function x↦x+1, then the nth repeated application of f is the function x↦x+n. If f is the operation of squaring a number, then the nth repeated application of f is the function that raises its argument to the 2n-th power. Write a procedure that takes as inputs a procedure that computes f and a positive integer n and returns the procedure that computes the nth repeated application of f. Your procedure should be able to be used as follows: ((repeated square 2) 5) 625 (define (compose f g)(lambda (x) (f (g x)))) (define (repeated f n)(if (> n 1)(compose f (repeated f (- n 1)))f)) ((repeated square 2) 5) = 625

SICP 1.3.4: “Formulating Abstractions with Higher-Order Procedures: Procedures as General Methods”

Steam, Its Generation and Use by Babcock & Wilcox Company, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . FLOW OF STEAM THROUGH PIPES AND ORIFICES here FLOW OF STEAM THROUGH PIPES AND ORIFICES Various formulae for the flow of steam through pipes have been advanced, all having their basis upon Bernoulli’s theorem of the flow of water through circular pipes with the proper modifications made for the variation in constants between steam and water. The loss of energy due to friction in a pipe is given by Unwin (based upon Weisbach) as where E is the energy loss in foot pounds due to the friction of W units of weight of steam passing with a velocity of v feet per second through a pipe d feet in diameter and L feet long; g represents the acceleration due to gravity (32.2) and f the coefficient of friction. Numerous values have been given for this coefficient of friction, f , which, from experiment, apparently varies with both the diameter of pipe and the velocity of the passing steam. There is no authentic data on the rate of this variation with velocity and, as in all experiments, the effect of change of velocity has seemed less than the unavoidable errors of observation, the coefficient is assumed to vary only with the size of the pipe. Unwin established a relation for this coefficient for steam at a velocity of 100 feet per second, where K is a constant experimentally determined, and d the internal diameter of the pipe in feet. If h represents the loss of head in feet, then If D represents the density of the steam or weight per cubic foot, and p the loss of pressure due to friction in pounds per square inch, then and from equations ( 38 ), ( 40 ) and ( 41 ), To convert the velocity term and to reduce to units ordinarily used, let d 1 the diameter of pipe in inches = 12 d , and w = the flow in pounds per minute; then Substituting this value and that of d in formula ( 42 ) Some of the experimental determinations for the value of K are: K	 = 	.005 for water (Unwin).
K	 = 	.005 for air (Arson).
K	 = 	.0028 for air (St. Gothard tunnel experiments).
K	 = 	.0026 for steam (Carpenter at Oriskany).
K	 = 	.0027 for steam (G. H. Babcock). The value .0027 is apparently the most nearly correct, and substituting in formula ( 43 ) gives, This formula is the most generally accepted for the flow of steam in pipes. is calculated from this formula and gives the amount of steam passing per minute that will flow through straight smooth pipes having a length of 240 diameters from various initial pressures with one pound difference between the initial and final pressures. Table 66 To apply for other lengths of pipe and pressure losses other than those assumed, let L = the length and the diameter of the pipe, both in inches; , the loss in pounds; Q, the weight under the conditions assumed in , and Q 1 , the weight for the changed conditions. this table d l the table For any length of pipe, if the weight of steam passing is the same as given in , the loss will be, the table If the pipe length is the same as assumed in but the loss is different, the quantity of steam passing per minute will be, the table For any assumed pipe length and loss of pressure, the weight will be, To get the pressure drop for lengths other than 1000 feet, multiply by lengths in feet ÷ 1000. Example: Find the weight of steam at 100 pounds initial gauge pressure, which will pass through a 6-inch pipe 720 feet long with a pressure drop of 4 pounds. Under the conditions assumed in , 293.1 pounds would flow per minute; hence, Q = 293.1, and the table may be frequently found to be of service in problems involving the flow of steam. was calculated by Mr. E. C. Sickles for a pipe 1000 feet long from formula ( ), except that from the use of a value of the constant K = .0026 instead of .0027, the constant in the formula becomes 87.45 instead of 87. Table 67 This table 45 In using , the pressures and densities to be considered, as given at the top of the right-hand portion, are the mean of the initial and final pressures and densities. Its use is as follows: Assume an allowable drop of pressure through a given length of pipe. From the value as found in the right-hand column under the column of mean pressure, as determined by the initial and final pressures, pass to the left-hand portion of along the same line until the quantity is found corresponding to the flow required. The size of the pipe at the head of this column is that which will carry the required amount of steam with the assumed pressure drop. this table the table may be used conversely to determine the pressure drop through a pipe of a given diameter delivering a specified amount of steam by passing from the known figure in the left to the column on the right headed by the pressure which is the mean of the initial and final pressures corresponding to the drop found and the actual initial pressure present. The table For a given flow of steam and diameter of pipe, the drop in pressure is proportional to the length and if discharge quantities for other lengths of pipe than 1000 feet are required, they may be found by proportion. Elbows, globe valves and a square-ended entrance to pipes all offer resistance to the passage of steam. It is customary to measure the resistance offered by such construction in terms of the diameter of the pipe. Many formulae have been advanced for computing the length of pipe in diameters equivalent to such fittings or valves which offer resistance. These formulae, however vary widely and for ordinary purposes it will be sufficiently accurate to allow for resistance at the entrance of a pipe a length equal to 60 times the diameter; for a right angle elbow, a length equal to 40 diameters, and for a globe valve a length equal to 60 diameters. The flow of steam of a higher toward a lower pressure increases as the difference in pressure increases to a point where the external pressure becomes 58 per cent of the absolute initial pressure. Below this point the flow is neither increased nor decreased by a reduction of the external pressure, even to the extent of a perfect vacuum. The lowest pressure for which this statement holds when steam is discharged into the atmosphere is 25.37 pounds. For any pressure below this figure, the atmospheric pressure, 14.7 pounds, is greater than 58 per cent of the initial pressure. , by D. K. Clark, gives the velocity of outflow at constant density, the actual velocity of outflow expanded (the atmospheric pressure being taken as 14.7 pounds absolute, and the ratio of expansion in the nozzle being 1.624), and the corresponding discharge per square inch of orifice per minute. Table 68 Napier deduced an approximate formula for the outflow of steam into the atmosphere which checks closely with the figures just given. This formula is: In some experiments made by Professor C. H. Peabody, in the flow of steam through pipes from ¼ inch to 1½ inches long and ¼ inch in diameter, with rounded entrances, the greatest difference from Napier’s formula was 3.2 per cent excess of the experimental over the calculated results. For steam flowing through an orifice from a higher to a lower pressure where the lower pressure is greater than 58 per cent of the higher, the flow per minute may be calculated from the formula: About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Babcock & Wilcox Company (2007). Steam, Its Generation and Use. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/22657/pg22657-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

SQUARE INC

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squareup.com

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Since 2009

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