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It's not about what people say about your company - it's about what AI says people say about your company! opinions of AI. Tracking your reputation in AI Answers will become as important as tracking your reputation in Search results. Online reputation management now not only includes the opinions of people but also the Why does your online reputation matter? "Reputation is a based on the opinion other people hold about a person or thing." social construct Throughout evolution, status has been a useful signal crucial for survival. Knowing who to hang out with made the difference between surviving the winter or not. Hence we are all descendants of people who paid attention to these reputation signals. Since humans in general are and online reputation is an easy way to assess statuses, we are naturally drawn to the digital versions of these breadcrumbs as well. status-seeking monkeys During the times of , these status signals were compressed by news agencies and journalists who we assumed to be competent. Growing popularity of the internet however introduced the voices of who despite their assumed incompetence were able to collectively provide higher quality status signals than media with all its hidden incentives. print media large groups of consumers Whether you call it wisdom of the crowds or PageRank (the algorithm behind counting incoming links to websites) doesn't really matter. What matters is that reputation is a biologically wired curiosity that's not going anywhere. Google What does AI have to do with online reputation? is the practice of attempting to shape public perception of a person or organization by influencing information about that entity, primarily online. Reputation management If you look at the history of reputation tracking, then you'll likely notice patterns that hint at the logical next stage of technology in this domain. Let's look at how the spread of information evolved to understand why opinions and answers by AI matter and get a sense of where things are headed. In the olden days word of mouth allowed a person's reputation to spread relatively fast in close groups, but quite slowly across larger distances and larger groups. For what it's worth at the time the opinion of distant groups did not really matter. With written word we started seeing compression and aggregation of opinion and reputation from multiple people into books and publications that had a much higher potential to spread across larger distances. As the world became better connected through trade the reputation of more distant groups became more relevant. With the age of the internet, the world was finally able to communicate at the speed of light. As we became superconnected, the relevance of the reputation of more distant people and brands became more and more relevant. In fact, it became so relevant that we had to invent search engines to handle that information overload. As people quickly learned to cheat in the reputation game on search engines by stuffing repeated words into their web pages to influence their ranking in the search results, two gentlemen in Mountain View, California came up with an idea to compress reputation information and relevance in a unique way. Essentially the algorithm counted references to web pages from across the web to better estimate its relevance. That meant that your reputation online became the compressed aggregate of information available about you on different web pages weighted by how much people give credit to it by linking to it. Google Page Rank This last phase lasted for 30 years from the 1990s until November 2022 when ChatGPT was introduced to the world. Is AI the next generation of search engines? Large Language Models (LLMs), the underlying technology behind ChatGPT, are able to answer free-form questions in natural language in ways that mimic an expert or an individual educated in the field. Those answers come in seconds and that feels like a giant leap forward compared to the effort it takes to find answers from search engines. Instead of browsing through a set of links to articles about the Best 5 mobile phones to consider and Top 10 laptops for Designers we can now just ask AIs the same question and get an immediate response. Essentially allow us to capture statistical signals in the language and in that sense offer a peak into aggregate opinions over the corpus of human knowledge. Those snapshots of the world can be interrogated with natural language which makes them intriguing for researching any specific niche you might care about. LLMs It is highly likely that this new technology that allows querying of unstructured snapshots of the world using free-form human language is going to replace classical search engines. The improvements in both usability, speed, and applicability of the responses alone justify replacing all classical search engines with these new interfaces and the demonstrate that this is already happening. actions of major tech players How do you track reputation according to AI? As the new revolution of search woke up both the giants and the opportunists the landscape quickly became crowded with AI that tries to improve the search experience. In fact, there are so many, that trying to keep track of AI answers manually is just impractical. If you're a restaurant owner in Vancouver Canada, you might check ChatGPT for Best 5 restaurants in Vancouver once or twice, but having to do it on a growing list of competing platforms (Microsoft Bing, Google Bard, Perplexity, ChatGPT, Claude, etc.) or trying to see how your position changes in time in the recommendations provided by AI is just too much of a hassle. In effect until very recently tracking reputation according to AI has only been possible manually. What are the top tools for tracking reputation according to AI? The simple answer is that there isn't much out there yet. For tracking information about individuals and their reputation in AI answers there was . Have I Been Encoded For tracking information about brands and their reputation in AI answers there was . SEO for AI For tracking information about recommendations and top lists according to AI there is . Track AI Answers Full disclosure, all these articles were written by the author of this article because at the time he could not find any other tools for monitoring brands, people, and recommendations in AI outputs. All three solutions have now converged under a brand called Track AI Answers you can check out in a quick video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBps-A5zcCo&embedable=true That's all good for monitoring and tracking, but ... How do you actually do AI reputation management? There are plenty of articles out there teaching you how to track comments about your brand in social networks ( ) and how to use AI tools to either automate or improve responses to public conversations, but there seem to be no tools available yet to specifically focus on your reputation in AI responses ( ). classical reputation management AI reputation management For now, your focus should be on SEO (Search Engine Optimization) as the newest breed of AI models tend NOT to use the foundational model for responses but rather use the AI models to just interpret internet search results. Your best chance to influence the answers would be to make sure the content in the search result top reflects what you want the AIs to say. Monitor the AI recommendations for your product category on , do the SEO work to get better content to the search top and one day you will receive that happy email letting you know your position in the top list by AI has improved! Track AI Answers What is next for tracking your reputation on AI? "Companies regarding service 24/7." must monitor individual's comments Luckily we're not quite there yet with keeping an eye on reputation in AI answers. The mentioned services for example monitor AI responses automatically every two weeks, but you should expect the timeframe between new information becoming available online and it being reflected in AI answers to rapidly decrease in time. For now To secure your brand in AI responses for the future of search means to prepare your monitoring tools to detect changes today! Also published here. Find me on Twitter

Managing Your Online Reputation in the Age of AI

Let's learn about via these 72 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Search Engine Optimization /Learn Repo 1. How to Improve Conversion Rates by Optimizing Search Intent When writing for conversions, search intent is an important criterion to tick off. Get to know how to optimize content to align with search intent in this guide 2. A Step-by-Step Guide to Growth-Minded Keyword Research Keyword research is a big step towards developing a solid wider keyword strategy. But even during this process, you can, and have to, keep in mind the end goal of your entire SEO efforts - top rankings, performance, and eventually growth. 3. SEO Campaign Tips To Earn More eCommerce Traffic This article describes SEO techniques to help your website rank for specific keywords on search engines. 4. The Best SEO is No SEO Always take content as priority. 5. How to Build Your Own SEO Dashboard How to build an auto-updating SEO dashboard with no code using free tools 6. SEO Ranking: Core Web Vitals Explained SEO is not only determined by how well you write the article. It is also determined by how well you design the website, measured with core web vitals. 7. A Day in the Life of an SEO Consultant Working in the field of optimizing a website can mean a lot of things, but it’s definitely never boring! Here are some things that SEO Consultants do daily. 8. Popular Alternatives to HARO for SEO Best HARO Alternatives to boost your Link building campaigns and organic outreach. Make sure you choose the right one that's cost efficient and time saving 9. What Does Google’s ‘Helpful Content’ Update Mean for Content? Google’s Helpful Content is an algorithmic update from that will analyze content and shadow-ban the ones riddled with SEO-influenced text and not relevant info. 10. Web Development and SEO Are Worth More Together! The present era of the digital marketing industry demands both web development and SEO for results. They worth more together rather than focused separately. 11. What is Google AMP (Accelerated Mobile Pages) and Do You Need it for SEO? Your website can still rank very first on Google SERP even without AMP. Accelerated Mobile Pages is not a ranking factor on Google and other search engines... 12. What Is The Ultimate Search Engine For Developers - You.com vs Google vs DDG I wanted to compare You.com to DuckDuckGo (a popular and also privacy-oriented search engine) and Google, probably the default for most developers. 13. 7 Actionable SEO Tips for Small Businesses to Consider Want to improve the search engine rankings of your small business? Here are the 7 actionable SEO tips that may come in handy. 14. How to Check Web Accessibility with Lighthouse Accessibility should be a top priority for developing new tech. There are many tools available to check whether or not your website is accessible. 15. How to Hack the Google 3 Pack for Multi-Location Landing Pages A look at how to reach the coveted 3 pack of local search, especially with concern for multi-location landing pages. 16. An Intro to Keyword Gaps and How to Do a Keyword Gap Analysis This article discusses what a keyword gap is along with how and why a person should bridge this gap 17. The Evolution of Google and Website SEO Shipwreck Kelly was a legend in his day. His face was on the front of many newspapers, and people would drive for miles to see him What made him so special? Kelly could sit atop a flagpole, sometimes hundreds of feet in the air, longer than anyone else. 18. A Guide to Google Multisearch Google Multisearch has the potential to radically alter how online searches are conducted, which will certainly have ramifications for website owners everywhere 19. What to Do After You've Deployed Your WebApp When your web app is live, it’s definitely worth checking how search engines will like it. 20. Guest Blogging Is Out. Content Syndication Is In: My New Distribution Strategy My approach to distributing my writing has changed dramatically over the years. I used to be pretty pro guest blogging, and now not so much. Explaining my current syndication approach can help others better promote their writing. This is, however, not a technical guide. 21. How to Write Good Meta Descriptions to Boost SEO and Increase Traffic Elements of effective meta descriptions to boost SEO: target keyword, correct length, and a direct answer to the user's search query. 22. Four Ways to Improve Your Search Presence on Google Do you want to improve your search presence on Google? If you said yes, you’re in the right place! 23. Creating A Monthly SEO Google Analytics Report Marketers & Agencies Today the number of KPIs that need tracking in the google analytics SEO report business is quickly becoming overwhelming. 24. 6 Tips to Climb the SERPs for Startups Looking for ways to improve your search engine rankings? Here are the 6 tips to climb the SERPs for startups that you should consider. 25. Google's Search Algorithm Affects Our Lives in More Ways Than One [A Deep Dive] For better or for worse, Google has become one of the biggest vendors of information in the world. Its library of search results shape and/or reaffirm opinions on a daily basis. The search giant's algorithm dictates what information searchers receive and thus has a direct impact on every person's knowledge base and understanding of numerous topics. 26. How to Rank for Multiple Keywords When you rank for multiple keywords, it becomes easier for you to show up in the top search results of Google. 27. What it Takes to Build a Really Great Search Engine Building a successful search takes more than technical smarts, but if done right is one of the most rewarding products you could work on. 28. On-Page SEO checklist to get your SaaS SEO Right from Day 1 A complete on-page SEO checklist to assure you that you can finally finalize your on-page SEO campaign. 29. Essential Tips for Hacking SEO Backlinks A look at how to make your site more powerful on the web by focusing on getting more links to it. 30. How to Improve Your Internal Linking Strategy (4 Ways) Do you want to learn how to effectively add internal links to your site? If so, you're in the right place! 31. 5 Simple Hacks to Rank in Google Maps Google map ranking is highly important for local businesses, use these easy to implement google map ranking hacks to dominate your local market in searches 32. Top 7 SEO Trends in 2021 Every Marketer Should Follow SEO is arguably the fastest-changing industry of all, and it only seems to be growing. 33. Why Targeting Single-Word Keywords Doesn't Work for Evergreen Content 99.9% of the time single-word search or short-tail keyword queries are far too general and vague. 34. Has SEO stopped being relevant in 2022 Has SEO stopped being relevant in 2022? If you are unsure whether or not to invest in SEO for your business, read on to understand why SEO is not dying. 35. How to Update Your Website Without Loosing Your Google Rankings Congratulations you worked on a new website to replace your dated website and need to launch the update without tanking your search results. 36. Google Ranking: 3 Basic Steps to Fast Growth How to create a well-positioned website, with a great ranking on Google, and the organic growth of a website with the use of keyword research and other tools. 37. SEO Trends to Watch Out for in 2022 Find out which SEO strategies you can use to dominate the SERPs in 2022. To increase your authority and ranking, keep an eye on the following SEO trends. 38. Does Amazon Promote Their Brands Ahead of the Competition? About 40 percent of online purchases in the United States take place on Amazon.com. 39. SEO Tricks: How to Get High Authority Backlinks How to get authority backlinks, does outreach still work? Get SEO Link Authority via Networking 40. 5 Ways to Get More Likes on Your YouTube Videos Business owners and marketers around the globe know that YouTube is one of the best places to connect with their target audience. 41. What Is Keyword Foraging and How Can You Use It For Better Search Results? How this new term can help us understand the way people discover things online. 42. Tips To Get Your Guest Posts Published On Top Sites Guest Publications. It’s a way of posting your content on other people's websites to dramatically increase your website traffic and brand visibility. 43. Remarkable Marketing Strategies to Survive COVID-19 With these uncertain circumstances, companies need to adapt their next marketing campaigns to alleviate risk strategically. 44. Consequences Of Duplicate Content Over Website SEO Ranking Whats the role of content in SEO? If you can't make your own, What are the consequences of using duplicate content to get your website to rank on Google? 45. The Essential SEO KPIs Every Marketer Should Track One powerful indicator of a successful marketer is the ability to define KPIs, track them and report them. But it is so easy to get lost in the cesspool of SEO analytics data, given the number of reports marketers have to comb through. 46. A Complete Guide to Online Marketing for Businesses What is Digital Marketing? Digital marketing is a online marketing promotion efforts or assets. PPC advertising, email marketing, SEO & social media marketing. 47. 5 Essential SEO Tips You Need to Follow in 2023 SEO is just as viable as ever in 2023. Today, will discuss a few tips you can improve your search visibility and connect with your target audience. 48. Technical SEO: Website Auditing and Optimization Technical SEO is an important element of owning your website. Find out more about it here. 49. 4 Ways to Optimize Your Site Images and Drive Traffic to Your Site Use these tips to optimize images for SEO and make your content discoverable by both humans and bots 50. How Does Dwell Time Affect SEO? Dwell time is an essential SEO factor. If you can keep your website visitors engaged and interested, you can earn better rankings! Read how. 51. An Overview of SEO and its Six Basic Strategies Without Google, your business will have to face digital conflict. Hence, build your strong online presence with SEO (Search Engine Optimization). 52. An Intro to Ecommerce Navigation SEO Best Practices A detailed look at navigation SEO best practices for ecommerce sites 53. Top 10 Growth Hacks for Startups For startups, growth is everything. These are a few growth hacks to get your startup off the ground -- and to position it for maximum success. 54. Why Your Website Must Have an SEO Strategy for 2022 If you're running a small business, you know that it's essential to be found online. And if you want to be found online, you need to rank high in Google search 55. Contextual Advertising vs. Search Engine Optimization [A Russian Reviews] Today, it is pointless to argue about the need to develop business both offline and on the Internet. Suffice it to recall the quote of the great businessman Bill Gates "If your business is not on the Internet, then your business will be out of business!" 56. Building Links for Your Business: 4 Expert Tips Building links for your business is an excellent way to generate more sales, build trust with your audience, and increase engagement. Here's how to get started. 57. How to Find and Leverage Your Most Popular Pages Learn easy ways to find and leverage your most popular pages to maximize the organic traffic to your website and boost sales for your business. 58. You.com is the Latest Privacy-Preserving Search Engine Built for You You.com is a new search engine that lets you search less and find more online. Personalize your search sources, get snippet previews of the results privately. 59. How To Avoid SEO Pitfalls Building a Wix site with Velo? Here are some tips for improving your site's visibility in search engines and avoiding SEO pitfalls when coding with Velo. 60. How Does Google Calculate the SERP? Business visionaries and sponsors the world over are endeavouring to understand how to get their pages to rank better in Google. Nevertheless, it's basic to consider why and how Google ranks locales. Those locales that appear on the essential page for a search question are those that Google considers being the most critical, relevant and finally significant to the searcher, for a specific request. 61. 4 Easy Ways to Get Your Blog Post in the Top Search Results of Google Use these tips to get your blog post in the top search results of Google. 62. How to Fix Your Google SEO Ranking and Free Your Site From Algorithmic Constraints So, is an algorithmic penalty permanent? Certainly not. 63. A Beginner's Handbook for Search Engine Optimization A Search Engine Optimization (SEO) handbook for beginners in the context of Information Retrieval, with a focus on organic search results. 64. How to Build a Strong Local SEO Strategy (5 Expert Tips) Driving more local search traffic to your site can help you increase sales and engagement. I'm going to show you how to get started. 65. Google Core Web Vitals Optimization: A Beginners Guide Take these steps to optimize your site for the Core Web Vitals and improve the organic rankings of your website. 66. Pocket Guide to SEO: Title, Keywords, Headings, and Meta Descriptions Search engine optimization (SEO) is one of the most important aspects of digital writing. As a writer, learning about SEO will greatly strengthen your stories. 67. 12 Actionable SEO Tips Guaranteed To Boost Your Organic Traffic I agree, most lists of SEO tips are overwhelming. 68. The Best List of Free Blogging Tools for SEO Blogging Tools can help you think of questions and keywords to target, understand trends, organise your strategies and research how users search the internet. 69. AI and SEO: A Marriage Made in Heaven or Hell? Since their inception, search engines have gone from basic search agents to sophisticated algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). These innovative technologies affect the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) space from two completely opposite perspectives. 70. How to Create Better Content with an SEO Content Outline (Tips from 30+ Experts) Advice from 30+ experts on creating SEO content outlines. 71. SEO Woes: Don't Make these 3 Common SEO Mistakes In this post, we'll discuss the three most common SEO mistakes and how to avoid them. 72. The Ultimate Instagram SEO Guide for Photographers Why does Instagram SEO matter? Doesn’t SEO only apply to websites? All these questions are valid and have a proper answer. Instagram SEO is necessary for photographers to display their portfolios on the web. It is mission-critical for those that don’t have a website...yet. Thank you for checking out the 72 most read stories about Search Engine Optimization on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

72 Stories To Learn About Search Engine Optimization

, also known as Seccomp, is a Linux kernel feature that improves several security features to help run Docker in a more secure environment. Secure Computing Mode It is more like a sandbox environment that not only acts as a firewall for but also enables you to restrict the actions available within the Docker containers to the host’s Linux kernel. syscalls In this guide, you will learn how to run a container with and without the Seccomp profile. Prerequisites To get started with this guide, you need the following: A Linux host with sudo privileges. Seccomp enabled in Linux Kernel. Latest Docker To verify if your host’s kernel support Seccomp, run the following command in your host’s terminal: $ grep SECCOMP /boot/config-$(uname -r)

CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_SECCOMP_FILTER=y
CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER=y
CONFIG_SECCOMP=y Alternatively, you can also run: $ grep CONFIG_SECCOMP= /boot/config-$(uname -r)

CONFIG_SECCOMP=y In both ways, you see in your host terminal window. It means it does supports it. CONFIG_SECCOMP=y Back in 2016, with version 1.10, Docker had applied a default Seccomp profile. Since then, the profile kept on updating, and now, it has and doesn’t make to default whitelist and is effectively blocked. However, you can use your custom profile to unblock the desired , which we will cover later in this guide. 51 system calls or syscalls syscalls Now there are a couple of ways to run Docker container with a Seccomp profile, either you can run a docker container with the default profile through the command line, or specify a specific custom profile in format, or you can specify your Seccomp profile in Daemon configuration file. .json Default Seccomp Profile: If you didn’t specify a Seccomp profile, then Docker uses built-in Seccomp and Kernel configuration. To check this, you can run the following command: $ docker run -it --rm --name alpine-test alpine /bin/sh

Unable to find image locally
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
e6b0cf9c0882: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:2171658620155679240babee0a7714f6509fae66898db422ad803b951257db78
Status: Downloaded newer image alpine:latest 'alpine:latest' for To see if Seccomp filter is loaded inside the Alpine container: / Seccomp:	2 # grep Seccomp /proc/$$/status Here you have the pseudo-filesystem to access the kernel data, which indicates that default Seccomp filter was applied inside the running container. grep Custom Seccomp Profile: There are scenarios where you want to override the default profile, which gives you extra control and capabilities to play with. In the following example, you are going to use your own custom profile. We are going to download Docker’s official default profile and make changes to it: $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/labs/master/security/seccomp/seccomp-profiles/default.json -O /path/to/file/your-custom-profile.json Once you have the file with you, it’s time to make changes to the file . For this guide, we are simply going to restrict command inside the container. To do this, open the file and find system call, and remove all the references to the in the file, which could look something like this: .json your-custom-profile.json mkdir mkdir mkdir ... 	
	{ : , : , : []
	},
... "name" "mkdir" "action" "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW" "args" Once you edit the profile, try to run the Docker container with it: $ docker run -it --rm --security-opt seccomp=/path/to/file/your-custom-profile.json --name alpine-custom-seccomp alpine /bin/sh / mkdir: can # mkdir test 't create directory ' test ': Operation not permitted
/ # The newly created profile container doesn’t allow you to run the . mkdir syscall This way, you can create your own custom profile and make changes to it as per your requirement, as there are a number of operations which you can restrict like , and so on.. chown chmod Run Container without Seccomp: For some reason, if you wish to run a container without Seccomp profile, then you can override this by using flag with flag: --security-opt unconfined $ docker run -it --rm --security-opt seccomp=unconfined --name alpine-wo-seccomp alpine /bin/sh To see if your docker container runs without Seccomp profile, use this: / Seccomp:	0 # grep Seccomp /proc/$$/status You will see , which means the container is running without the default Seccomp profile. Note that it is not recommended to do unless you know what you are doing, as a certain security loop-hole will be wide open and can be exploited. Seccomp: 0 Alternatively, you can use flag, which can also disable the Seccomp, even if you specify the custom Seccomp profile. --privileged This article was originally posted on https://appfleet.com/blog/hardening-docker-container/ .

How To Harden Your Docker Containers Using Seccomp Security Profile

**JERUSALEM, Israel, March 28th, 2024/Cyberwire/--**In 2023 alone, more than 10 customers and partners signed commercial agreements with C2A Security, including a global, long term enterprise agreement with an European Commercial Vehicle Manufacturer. C2A Security’s DevSecOps Platform, ‘EVSec’, has been gaining widespread traction as the automotive industry rushes to meet cybersecurity regulations and industry standards, such as UN Regulation No. 155, ISO/SAE 21434, Chinese GB Standards, and others. 2024 is a pivotal year for cybersecurity regulations in the automotive industry, as UN Regulation No. 155 goes into full effect. C2A Security’s EVSec risk-driven product security platform allows developers to focus on creative features and manage software and operations at scale, in an automated manner. EVSec automates archaic manual processes and enables cross-functional sharing and collaboration between teams, customers, and supply chains while offering full digital twin capabilities. EVSec applies continuous feedback from product operations and vulnerabilities to improve development and design, as part of agile software development. In 2023, C2A Security added multiple OEMs and Tier 1s to its portfolio of customers, successful evaluations, and partnerships such as Daimler Truck AG, BMW Group, Marelli, NTT Data, Siemens, and Valeo, among others. The collaboration with C2A Security supports the customers on the applicable standards and best practices for regulatory compliance. EVSec maps and automates the relevant standards and regulations, like ISO/SAE 21434 and UN Regulation No. 155, to simplify compliance efforts, which are essential to business success, as companies forge new grounds for their vehicles, develop innovative EV-powered vehicles, and plan for the EV infrastructure that supports them. “We’re thrilled that EVSec has proven so popular and effective, as companies like Daimler Truck AG choose it as its product security platform. Dealing with current and emerging regulatory demands, software development at scale and overall product security operations can be a limitation on business continuity of a company if not automated,” noted Roy Fridman, CEO, C2A Security. “At the end of 2023, we witnessed the first case of a premium car maker that stopped the sale of their most popular model in the European Union because it failed to comply with the regulation. To stay competitive companies must utilize advanced product security automation in their development and operations and we are excited to support them in achieving this goal.” Images available . here About C2A Security C2A Security is the only risk-driven DevSecOps Platform vendor that addresses the specific needs of car makers, Tier 1 suppliers, and mobility companies. Founded in 2016, C2A Security’s customers and technology partners include top-tier global players including Daimler Truck AG, BMW Group, Siemens, Valeo, ThunderSoft, Marelli, NTT Data, and Evvo Labs, among others. C2A Security transforms cybersecurity from being a company-wide limitation to a business value multiplier through advanced security automation and compliance to shorten software release times and decrease costs. Our vision is to turn product security into a seamless, automated, and transparent process, reducing time to deployment and costs of managing automotive software products and resources. C2A Security was founded by NDS/Cisco veteran Michael Dick, with its global headquarters in Jerusalem, Israel. . www.c2a-sec.com Contact Estee Yaari C2A Security estee.yaari@gmail.com This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here.

EVSec Risk Management And Automation Platform Gains Traction In Automotive Industry 

Let's learn about via these 59 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Exchange /Learn Repo 1. How to Install RabbitMQ On the AWS Ec2 Instance This is all about what is RabbitMQ and how to install it on the AWS Ec2 instance. The commands you use for installation. 2. Binance Suffered Major Hack in 2018: KYC Documents of Millions Now Being Leaked Binance, the crown jewel of the cryptocurrency industry was hacked back in late 2018, with the hacker claiming to have the KYC documents of all users. The extent to what data was breached is still not clear, but one thing is for certain: pictures and scans.  And now they're being leaked to the public at an incredibly rate. 3. WTF is Exchange Staking? Introduction 4. How Does Our Exchange Compare to The Established Derivatives Exchanges of Today? We are a new exchange launched in 2020 worldwide offering the ability to trade stock CFDs using Bitcoin. The platform allows traders to use up to 100x leverage on all contracts. The trading interface is beginner-friendly and fairly simple to understand while being responsive. 5. Why DeFi Could Foster the Killer App of Banking The financial system is broken, and no one is coming to save you. Therefore you must learn to make and protect money on your own. 6. How High is the Tide of EU Crypto Assets with MiCA? Discussing upcoming crypto-regulations in the European Union with Stex and Coinify. 7. Basics of RabbitMQ Broker Introduction to RabbitMQ 8. 3 Asian Crypto Exchanges to Watch Out For in 2020 & 2021 Cryptocurrency exchanges are crucial to the blockchain ecosystem, as they create vast pools of demand and supply. They also offer a simple way for people to work with crypto: stories of people accidentally losing their hard drives containing Bitcoin does not happen with Crypto exchanges. 9. How Secondary Listings Affect Coin Prices Purpose of the study: to show how secondary listing changes coin prices. 10. Natural Capital in the Digital Economy: Green Squared Is natural capital boring and obsolete, or an under-served and under-appreciated asset class that will explode in relevance in the future, just as NFTs have? 11. History Rhymes or 5 Arguments for Investing in Commodities I have always considered commodities to be very “trendy” markets. They tend to make large moves up and down, often lacking the fundamental basis behind the swings. 12. "South Koreans were early adopters, with 1 in 3 workers buying Bitcoin" - Ronald Chan Ronald Chan is the CEO of ProBit Exchange Global, a global digital currency trading platform with strong roots in South Korea, that provides a seamless experience for institutional and individual traders. Ronald joins us today to discuss the current crypto scene in South Korea and his personal viewpoints regarding the blockchain market on an international scale 13. Announcement: The KickEX exchange will buy back KickTokens at a price of $0.00015 per token On September 1, 2020 at 12:00 UTC, the KickEX cryptocurrency exchange will buyback KICK tokens (KickToken) worth a total of $100,000 at a price of $0.00015 per token. The buyback will be carried out only on the KickEX exchange and according to specific conditions. 14. Market Maker at 10%: Realized Live Gains, Signal-Based Bots at 1%, 7%! See this post on it's original location, github.io! It’s been a busy few days for me! 15. Fraud Prevention Requires Creative & Analytical Thinking To Stay Two Steps Ahead - Nimrod Lehavi Interview with the co-founder and CEO at Simplex regarding fiat and crypto onboarding and detection of fraud in real-time. 16. Interview With Bryan Seiler on Greedy Banks, turning $150 Into Millions and More Every crypto practitioner has a unique narrative that has brought him or her face-to-face with the realities of the true innovative power of crypto technology. Perhaps, this notion is the reason why the crypto community has stood by the viability of cryptocurrency all through its trying times. As such, the crypto space has evolved into a network of mavericks who are not only tech-savvy but have learned to appreciate and nurture the business side of the crypto economy. 17. WTF are Exchange Utility Tokens? Last month one of the leading centralized exchanges (CEX) in the world, OKEx have decided to burn 700 million unissued OKB, the exchange’s utility token. The OKEx management also revealed that no more additional issuance of the utility token in the future, making the digital asset deflationary and the first of its kind that is fully circulated. 18. Fintechs and the Stock-Based Loan Market Today, companies that use stock-based lending to finance their businesses generally borrow at higher costs than if they used traditional debt financing. 19. In Crypto Patience Is Not Always a Virtue Sell and take profit or hold off in expectation of more profits? In the crypto space, the impatient (mostly) wins 20. Decentralized Indices Passive exposure to cryptoassets 21. The Problem With CeFi Exchanges & Why We Need DeFi Now More Than Ever Too many are taking the collapse of FTX (a CeFi exchange) as a shake up their belief in DeFi. Simplifying the meltdown and why we need DeFi now more than ever. 22. The UK's Economic Outlook for 2023 Currently, the UK economy is living through tough times. 23. How to Earn Profit on Crowd-sourced Automated Trading Communities 24. Normie Series: What Is a DEX and How Does It Work? DEX Decentralized Exchange 25. A Trader’s Review of the Nominex Cryptocurrency Exchange Hello everyone, I’m Edward, I live in Ireland and I have over 10 years of trading cryptocurrency wins and losses under my belt. I was completely inexperienced when I started trading Bitcoin, some were back-breaking losses even, I won't lie, but some were amazing wins. I’m willing to share my experience and share some hints and tricks I learned recently 26. Applying Statistical Analysis to Intraday Forex Trading Using SQL Statistical Analysis, Intraday Forex Trading, Using SQL 27. Why Every Crypto Enthusiast Should Use a Cold Wallet Cold wallets aren't a perfect fit for every crypto user or every situation, but they're inherently and objectively superior to hot wallets in most ways. 28. 1 in 2 Crypto Users is a Referral Program Participant Of almost 500 subjects in the latest KickAcademy (that is Kick Ecosystem's innovative institute) survey made up of Blockchain insiders, crypto traders, and investors, roughly half are referral program participants who consider these programs a good source of passive income. 29. Leader's Speak : Chris Schneider, CMO of Sky.io [Interview] This week have with us Chris Schneider, CMO of Sky.io, a newly launch crypto asset trading platform based out of Singapore. Chris joins me today to discuss the current crypto scene in Singapore and his personal viewpoints regarding the blockchain market on an international scale 30. Exchange coins as the new black: why they are in trend In 2017 Binance became the first cryptocurrency exchange to hold an ICO, raising $15 million. Consequently, they created a native Binance Coin (BNB). Now BNB ranks #7 by market capitalization, while its price surged from $19.15 to over of $38 as on June 23, 2019, just in a month time, from May to June. Exchanges’ native cryptocurrencies are getting more and more trendy among the platforms — nearly 90 exchanges have their own coins, including Huobi, Kucoin, BTCNEXT, Bibox, and OKEx. 31. Fighting Fraud: How to Better Protect Your Exchange Held Assets? Since the emergence of cryptocurrencies, they have been linked with fraud and crime, the anonymous nature of accounts has enabled criminals to use them to transfer funds and launder their profits. 32. The Current State and Future of Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) have undergone a significant evolution since the debut of NXT Asset Exchange, one of the pioneer DEXs to launch in 2014. 33. Writing John McAfee’s Tombstone with John McAfee Do we get to choose the inscription on our tombstone? One person I know for sure that succeeded in doing just that was the comedian Spike Milligan, author of the popular 1950s UK Goon Show. He famously wrote Dúirt mé leat go raibh mé breoite or I told you I was sick on his gravestone, ever funny to the end. In fact, when legendary singer and close friend Harry Secombe died before him, Spike remarked he was glad as he didn’t want Harry to sing at his funeral. The last laugh was on Spike because they still played a song from his late friend anyway at Spike’s memorial service. 34. Every HNWI should buy Bitcoin Do you own more than $1 million in assets? Then you’re amongst the one percentile of the world’s population most susceptible to market crises. 35. Latest Binance Lawsuit Is Every Crypto-Exchange User’s Nightmare On March 30, the Block broke the news that Binance is involved in yet another legal dispute. This time, the lawsuit was filed by a former employee, Steven Cody Reynolds, who accuses the exchange of confiscating nearly $300k in crypto following a heated disagreement. 36. 3 Price Mechanisms for Marketplaces Marketplaces 37. "DeFi is One of The Most Progressive And Enticing Industries to Date" - Katherine Deng During the three years of DeFi's existence, this year it rematerialized stronger than ever before. Many other platforms aim to reach the gates of DeFi with exuberant yield farming projects in progress, thus revolutionizing traditional users' operations and introducing other comforts into daily life. 38. Institutional Investors Are FINALLY Giving DeFi The Attention It Deserves Excitably, I FINALLY get to announce that institutions are pouring nearly 58 million dollars a week into Bitcoin! Oh, and Jr over there, Ethereum is seeing nearly $10M/USD in trades, weekly. 39. Differences Between Bitcoin Payment Processing Providers accepting payments in cryptocurrencies and which crypto processing services are most suitable for their business goals 40. Libra Starts the End of Public Chains In my previous article (So Many Public Chains, So Few Dapps), I pointed it out that too many public chains was one of the reasons that there were so few Dapps. App developers really do not want to develop their apps for so many blockchains. 41. Coinbase Innovator’s Dilemma: From Exchange to Broker This quote from Brian Armstrong holds the clue to an under appreciated threat to Coinbase. 42. The Uniswap DEX: A Comprehensive Review Welcome to my new series “A Comprehensive Guide to” where each time I cover a new topic in-depth while trying to keep things simple. 43. The Ultimate Guide to Listing at Crypto Exchanges Introduction 44. Tax Calculations and Cryptocurrencies: An Overview I would be prepared to wager that many people who bought cryptocurrencies, never thought about any tax considerations. It is unsurprising that the tax authorities are ahead of the crypto owners, because they see plenty of new income for their coffers. 45. Ensuring Token Appreciation: Reflections on the Exchange Equation One of the keys behind a good tokenomics strategy is that a token should appreciate in value. In my article and paper about tokenomics auditing, I explained how 46. Overview of the Innovative Features Brought to Financial Markets by Level01 It has become common knowledge that blockchain has immense disruptive power that allows it to push a multifaceted narrative that seems to encapsulate the entirety of the global market, especially the financial markets. While this is a given, very few startups have successfully implemented blockchain solutions targeted at a large demographic and are poised to take on a financial sector that is traditionally known to thrive on intermediate services. 47. The yet another Asian story - ICO Scam Disclaimer: This article was posted on JUNE 11, 2019. The Story of Bitsdaq 48. CZ's AMA Responses To My Questions On Binance Scaling Challenges I’ve been in and out of the blockchain ecosystem for the last three years. I’ve made my first purchase the same month Binance launched. In the meantime, I’ve gained a CoinMarketCap compulsive checking behavior after holding a bag through the last crypto winter. 49. Cryptocurrency Security Threats: Lessons from Top Exchange Hacks The digital nature of Bitcoin makes it vulnerable to hacking. 50. Crypto Market vs Stock Market: Exploring an Interesting Relationship There are several camps in the market. One is trying to separate completely from the so-called "funds", and the other is working with an eye on it. But no matter how hard we try to fence ourselves off, the connection between them exists. To correctly illuminate it, I will describe in this text my vision of this issue. 51. “BTC can reach $50k with support resting around $22-27k” says STEX Exchange Founder There are three hot topics in the crypto space which everybody talks about: BTC price rocketing, arrests and investigations against big market players because of lack of AML-compliance and, of course, DeFi. 52. Top Reasons People Succeed In The Exchange Rate API Industry When it comes to finance and trade, the currency is a crucial component. Businesses that deal with foreign marketplaces require up-to-date information on currencies and their quickly fluctuating values. 53. FTX : The Fastest Moving Derivatives Exchange FTX is one of the most rapidly growing exchanges, swiftly making a reputation for itself by rapidly adding new services. Click through for FTX Exchange Review. 54. Top 50 Crypto Exchanges to Trade Your Cryptocurrencies in 2021 According to data from coinmarketcap.com, there are over 4,900 cryptocurrencies in existence today. They operate in over 20,000 markets, with over 300 registered cryptocurrency exchanges. 55. How Looking for The One Perfect Crypto Exchange Made Me Lose Faith in All About six months ago, I decided it was high time for me to seriously get involved in cryptocurrency trading. I’m not a full-time trader, but I do consider myself a skilled trader on the foreign exchange markets. I’ve done quite well for myself over the years (regardless of my ups and downs), but I wanted a new challenge. A trading experience different than what I’d ever had before. Crypto trading promised me that challenge. 56. 5 Centralized Cryptocurrency Exchanges to Look Out for in 2023 Five crypto exchanges to look out for in 2023. 57. How Tornado Cash Helped Hackers Launder Money in 2022 Sanctioning Tornado Cash obviously wasn't enough! 58. Stablecoins Will Change the Way You Approach Cross-Border Payments It takes an average of $13 to send $200 to another country and three to five business days to complete a transaction. 59. 10+ Best Crypto & Bitcoin Exchanges Traders Loves [Apr'21 Upd.] Learn about the best cryptocurrency exchanges in 2021. It compares each platform using their charges, safety, verification process, P2P support, available crypt Thank you for checking out the 59 most read stories about Exchange on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

59 Stories To Learn About Exchange

UI Throwback: Creating a Retro Progress Bar for iOS using CALayers

UI থ্রোব্যাক: CALayers ব্যবহার করে iOS-এর জন্য একটি রেট্রো প্রোগ্রেস বার তৈরি করা

UI-Rückblick: Erstellen einer Retro-Fortschrittsleiste für iOS mit CALayers

Retroceso de la interfaz de usuario: creación de una barra de progreso retro para iOS usando CALayers

Retour sur l'interface utilisateur : création d'une barre de progression rétro pour iOS à l'aide de CALayers

यूआई थ्रोबैक: CALayers का उपयोग करके iOS के लिए एक रेट्रो प्रोग्रेस बार बनाना

UI スローバック: CALayers を使用した iOS 用のレトロ プログレス バーの作成

UI 후퇴: CALayer를 사용하여 iOS용 레트로 진행률 표시줄 만들기

Retrocesso da IU: criação de uma barra de progresso retrô para iOS usando CALayers

Возврат к пользовательскому интерфейсу: создание ретро-индикатора выполнения для iOS с помощью CALayers

Kullanıcı Arayüzü Gerilemesi: CALayers'ı kullanarak iOS için Retro İlerleme Çubuğu oluşturma

Phản hồi giao diện người dùng: Tạo Thanh tiến trình Retro cho iOS bằng cách sử dụng CALayers

UI 复古：使用 CALayers 创建 iOS 复古进度条

How to dynamically add nodes to a kind cluster allows you to run a Kubernetes cluster inside Docker. This is incredibly useful for developing Helm charts, Operators, or even just testing out different k8s features in a safe way. Kind I've recently been working on an operator (built using the ) that manages cluster node lifecycles. Kind allows you to , using a Docker container per node and joining them using a common Docker network. However, the executable does not allow you to modify an existing cluster by adding or removing a node. operator-sdk spin up clusters with multiple nodes kind I wanted to see if this was possible using a simple shell script, and it turns out that it's actually not too difficult! Creating the node Using my favorite diff tool, , to compare an existing kind node's state to a new container's, I experimented with various flags until I got something that's close enough to the kind node. DiffMerge docker inspect docker run docker run \
--restart on-failure \
-v /lib/modules:/lib/modules:ro \
--privileged \
-h $NODE_NAME \
-d \
--network kind \
--network-alias $NODE_NAME \
--tmpfs /run \
--tmpfs /tmp \
--security-opt seccomp=unconfined \
--security-opt apparmor=unconfined \
--security-opt label=disable \
-v /var \
--name $NODE_NAME \
--label io.x-k8s.kind.cluster=kind \
--label io.x-k8s.kind.role=worker \
--env KIND_EXPERIMENTAL_CONTAINERD_SNAPSHOTTER \
kindest/node:v1.25.2@sha256:9be91e9e9cdf116809841fc77ebdb8845443c4c72fe5218f3ae9eb57fdb4bace Joining the cluster You can join new nodes to a k8s cluster by using the command. In this case, we can use to execute this command on our node after its container has started up. kubeadm join docker exec This command won't work out of the box because kind uses a that does not exist in the node docker image. It is injected into the container by the kind executable. kubeadm.conf Again, using my trusty DiffMerge tool, I compared two files in existing kind nodes and found very few differences. This allowed me to just grab one from any worker node to use as a template. /kind/kubeadm.conf docker exec --privileged kind-worker cat /kind/kubeadm.conf > $LOCAL_KUBEADM From here, I needed to set the node's unique IP in its . We can use to grab any node IP address we need. Since I'm working in bash, I just decided to use a simple sed replacement to replace the template node's IP address with my new node's IP in my local copy of . kubeadm.conf docker inspect kubeadm.conf TEMPLATE_IP=$(docker inspect kind-worker | jq -r '.[0].NetworkSettings.Networks.kind.IPAddress')
NODE_IP=$(docker inspect $NODE_NAME | jq -r '.[0].NetworkSettings.Networks.kind.IPAddress')

ESCAPED_TEMPLATE_IP=$(echo $TEMPLATE_IP | sed 's/\./\\./g' )
ESCAPED_NODE_IP=$(echo $NODE_IP | sed 's/\./\\./g')

sed -i.bkp "s/${ESCAPED_TEMPLATE_IP}/${ESCAPED_NODE_IP}/g" $LOCAL_KUBEADM Now that our is prepared, we need to copy it to the new node: kubeadm.conf docker exec --privileged -i $NODE_NAME cp /dev/stdin /kind/kubeadm.conf < $LOCAL_KUBEADM Finally, we can join our node to the cluster: docker exec --privileged $NODE_NAME kubeadm join --config /kind/kubeadm.conf --skip-phases=preflight --v=6 Node Tags Since you have complete control of the new node's , it is possible to configure many of its properties for further testing. For example, to add additional labels to the new node, you can run something like this: kubeadm.conf sed -i.bkp "s/node-labels: \"\"/node-labels: \"my-label-key=my-label-value\"/g" $LOCAL_KUBEADM This will add the label to the node once it joins the cluster. my-label-key=my-label-value Future Work Based on this script, I believe it's possible to add a subcommand to add a node to an existing cluster. Stay tuned for that... kind create node Also published . here

Kubernetes in Docker: Adding Nodes Dynamically to a Kind Cluster

351 Stories To Learn About Data Security

Docker is a powerful tool for containerizing applications. It allows developers to package their applications and all their dependencies into a single image, which can then be run on any machine that has Docker installed. This guide will teach you the basic Docker commands you need to get started with containerization. We will cover the following topics: What is Docker? Docker commands Understanding the output of Docker commands Troubleshooting Docker problems What is Docker? Docker is a containerization platform that allows you to package your application and all its dependencies into a single image. This image can then be run on any machine that has Docker installed. Containerization is a way of packaging an application and its dependencies into a single unit that can be run on any machine. This makes it easy to deploy and manage applications, as you don't need to worry about the underlying operating system or hardware. Docker commands Docker provides a number of commands that you can use to manage your containers. These commands are used to create, start, stop, and delete containers. The following is a list of the basic Docker commands: docker info: Displays information about the Docker daemon
docker ps: Lists all running containers
docker run: Creates and starts a container
docker stop: Stops a container
docker rm: Deletes a container docker info The Docker info command displays information about the Docker daemon, including the following: Client version and context
Server version and storage driver
Number of running, paused, stopped, and dead containers
Number of images
Kernel version and operating system
Number of CPUs and total memory
Docker root directory
The output of the info command can be used to troubleshoot Docker problems and to verify that Docker is installed and configured correctly.

Here is an explanation of the output of the info command in your example:

Client:
 Version:  24.0.7
 Context:  default
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 0
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 24.0.7
 Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: extfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Using metacopy: true
 Native Overlay Diff: false
 userxattr: false  Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 8e4b0bde866788eec76735cc77c4720144248fb7.m
 runc version:
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
 seccomp
  Profile: builtin
 cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 6.5.9-arch2-1
 Operating System: Arch Linux
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 4
 Total Memory: 15.42GiB
 Name: arch
 ID: 0260f88a-7b0a-4248-a54e-dfce26c90f0e
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false
Client: This section shows the version of the Docker client that you are using.
Server: This section shows the version of the Docker daemon that is running on your computer. It also shows information about the storage driver, logging driver, Cgroup driver, and plugins.
Security Options: This section shows the security options that are enabled for Docker.
Kernel Version: This section shows the version of the Linux kernel that is running on your computer.
Operating System: This section shows the name of the operating system that you are using.
OSType: This section shows the type of operating system that you are using (e.g., Linux, Windows, macOS).
Architecture: This section shows the architecture of your computer (e.g., x86_64, amd64, arm64).
CPUs: This section shows the number of CPUs on your computer.
Total Memory: This section shows the total amount of memory on your computer.
Name: This section shows the name of your Docker host.
ID: This section shows the ID of your Docker host.
Docker Root Dir: This section shows the directory where Docker stores its data.
Debug Mode: This section shows whether or not Docker debug mode is enabled.
Experimental: This section shows whether or not Docker experimental features are enabled.
Insecure Registries: This section shows a list of insecure registries that Docker can connect to without warning.
Live Restore Enabled: This section shows whether or not live restore is enabled for Docker. sudo docker ps The sudo docker ps command lists all of the containers that are currently running on your computer. The output of the command includes the following information for each container: CONTAINER ID: The unique identifier for the container.
IMAGE: The name of the image that the container is based on.
COMMAND: The command that was used to start the container.
STATUS: The current status of the container.
PORTS: The ports that are exposed by the container.
NAMES: The name of the container.
For example, the following output shows two containers that are currently running:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
a03994666510        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Up 2 minutes          0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my_container_1
b3728484970f        nginx:latest       nginx -g daemon off;   Up 1 minute          0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   my_container_2 The sudo docker ps command can be used to troubleshoot problems with containers, to identify containers that are running, and to get information about the containers that are currently running on your computer. Here are some of the options that can be used with the sudo docker ps command: -a: Lists all containers, including stopped containers.
-l: Lists only the latest container.
-n: Lists the specified number of containers.
-q: Lists only the container IDs.
-f: Filters the output based on a specified criteria. For example, to list only containers that are running, you would use the following command:
sudo docker ps -f status=running sudo docker ps -a The sudo docker ps -a command lists all of the containers that are currently running or stopped on your computer. The output of the command includes the same information as the sudo docker ps command, but it also includes stopped containers. For example, the following output shows two containers, one running and one stopped: CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
a03994666510        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Up 2 minutes          0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my_container_1
b3728484970f        nginx:latest       nginx -g daemon off;   Up 1 minute          0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   my_container_2

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
4294967296        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Exited (0) 10 seconds ago                         my_container_3 The sudo docker ps -a command can be used to troubleshoot problems with containers, to identify containers that are running or stopped, and to get information about all of the containers that are currently on your computer. Here are some of the options that can be used with the sudo docker ps -a command: -f: Filters the output based on a specified criteria. For example, to list only containers that are running, you would use the following command:
sudo docker ps -a -f status=running sudo docker run centos:7 echo "Hello World" The sudo docker run centos:7 echo "Hello World" command creates a new container from the centos:7 image and then runs the echo "Hello World" command inside the container. The sudo docker run command has the following syntax: sudo docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARGS]
In this case, the OPTIONS section is empty. The IMAGE section specifies the image to use as the basis for the container. In this case, the image is centos:7, which is a base image for CentOS 7. The COMMAND section specifies the command to run inside the container. In this case, the command is echo "Hello World", which prints the message "Hello World" to the console. The ARGS section is empty. The output of the command is the following: Hello World This output is printed to the console of the container. Here is a breakdown of the command: sudo: This is the superuser prefix. It is required to run Docker commands that require elevated privileges.
docker: This is the name of the Docker command.
run: This is the subcommand for creating and running containers.
centos:7: This is the name of the image to use as the basis for the container.
echo "Hello World": This is the command to run inside the container.
This command can be used to test a new image or to run a simple command inside a container. sudo docker run centos:7 ps -ef The sudo docker run centos:7 ps -ef command creates a new container from the centos:7 image and then runs the ps -ef command inside the container. The ps -ef command lists all of the processes running on the system, including the processes running in the container. The output of the command is the following: UID        PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root      1     0     0 00:00:00 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root      2     1     0 00:00:00 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef This output is printed to the console of the container. Here is a breakdown of the command: sudo: This is the superuser prefix. It is required to run Docker commands that require elevated privileges.
docker: This is the name of the Docker command.
run: This is the subcommand for creating and running containers.
centos:7: This is the name of the image to use as the basis for the container.
ps -ef: This is the command to run inside the container.
This command can be used to debug a container or to get information about the processes running in a container. Here are some additional details about the ps -ef command: UID: The user ID of the process.
PID: The process ID of the process.
PPID: The parent process ID of the process.
C: The CPU usage of the process.
STIME: The start time of the process.
TTY: The terminal that the process is attached to.
TIME: The cumulative CPU time used by the process.
CMD: The command that was used to start the process. sudo docker container ls
sudo docker container ls -a The sudo docker container ls command lists all of the containers that are currently running on your computer. The sudo docker container ls -a command lists all of the containers that are currently running or stopped on your computer. The output of both commands includes the following information for each container: CONTAINER ID: The unique identifier for the container.
IMAGE: The name of the image that the container is based on.
COMMAND: The command that was used to start the container.
STATUS: The current status of the container.
PORTS: The ports that are exposed by the container.
NAMES: The name of the container. Here is an example of the output of the sudo docker container ls command: CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
a03994666510        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Up 2 minutes          0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my_container_1 Here is an example of the output of the sudo docker container ls -a command: CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
a03994666510        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Up 2 minutes          0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my_container_1
b3728484970f        nginx:latest       nginx -g daemon off;   Up 1 minute          0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   my_container_2

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                 STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
4294967296        ubuntu:latest       /bin/bash               Exited (0) 10 seconds ago                         my_container_3 Both commands can be used to troubleshoot problems with containers, to identify containers that are running or stopped, and to get information about the containers that are currently on your computer. Here are some of the options that can be used with the sudo docker container ls and sudo docker container ls -a commands: -f: Filters the output based on a specified criteria. For example, to list only containers that are running, you would use the following command:
sudo docker container ls -f status=running
-n: Lists the specified number of containers.
-q: Lists only the container IDs.
-s: Sorts the output based on a specified criteria. For example, to sort the output by the container ID, you would use the following command:
sudo docker container ls -s id Understanding the output of Docker commands The output of Docker commands can be quite verbose. It is important to understand what each part of the output means. The following is a breakdown of the output of the docker ps command: CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS   NAMES
a03994666510   ubuntu:latest   /bin/bash   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   my_container_1 The following is a breakdown of each column: CONTAINER ID: The unique identifier for the container
IMAGE: The name of the image that the container is based on
COMMAND: The command that was used to start the container
CREATED: The date and time the container was created
STATUS: The current status of the container
PORTS: The ports that are exposed by the container
NAMES: The name of the container Troubleshooting Docker problems If you encounter any problems with Docker, there are a number of things you can do to troubleshoot. The first step is to check the output of the docker info command. This will provide you with information about the Docker daemon and your system. If you are still having problems, you can search the Docker documentation or forums for help. Conclusion This guide has provided you with a comprehensive overview of the basic Docker commands. By following the instructions in this guide, you will be able to get started with containerization and use Docker to deploy your applications. Also published . here

A Comprehensive Guide to Docker's Basic Commands

Introduction As Kubernetes continues to mature as the leading container orchestration platform, security remains a paramount concern for organizations deploying containerized applications. Among the fundamental tools in Kubernetes' security arsenal, once played a pivotal role. PSP allowed administrators to meticulously define and enforce security constraints on Pods, ensuring that only containers meeting specific security standards could operate within the cluster. However, the landscape of Kubernetes security is evolving rapidly, and it's important to note that PSP has now been deprecated, starting with Kubernetes 1.25 (see link to Kubernetes 1.25 Urgent Release notes). This change stems from various factors, including the complexity of managing and maintaining PSP policies, often leading to operational challenges for users. In response to the deprecation, organizations are now looking for modern alternatives to PSP, ones that not only address security requirements but also streamline the process of securing workloads in . In this comprehensive guide, we embark on a journey to navigate this shift in Kubernetes security practices, focusing on the transition to Pod Security Admission (PSA). PSA is one of the most robust alternatives available, and this article explores it in-depth. However, it's worth mentioning that two other alternatives, Kyverno and OPA Gatekeeper, will be covered in separate articles within this series. Throughout this article, you will find detailed instructions for setting up and installing PSA, step-by-step migration guides to transition from PSP to PSA smoothly, and precise commands for transferring existing PSP rules to PSA. Additionally, you will gain the knowledge to assess namespaces for migration readiness using dry-run commands tailored to PSA. By the end of this guide, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and limitations of PSA, equipping you to make an informed decision based on your organization's specific security requirements and Kubernetes environment. With this guide, you can confidently modernize your Kubernetes security practices, ensuring that your workloads remain protected as you bid farewell to the era of Pod Security Policies. Pod Security Policies (PSP) Kubernetes Pod Security Admission (PSA) PSA ensures containers adhere to Kubernetes' native security standards, which are defined by the Pod Security Standards. These standards classify security policies into three distinct profiles, each with a different level of restrictiveness: PSA Enforces Kubernetes Security Standards: : The Privileged policy is intentionally open and entirely unrestricted. Typically, this policy targets system- and infrastructure-level workloads managed by trusted users. It is characterized by an absence of restrictions. While allow-by-default mechanisms like Gatekeeper may inherently be Privileged, for deny-by-default mechanisms such as Pod Security Policy (PSP), the Privileged policy should deactivate all restrictions. Privileged : The Baseline policy is designed for easy adoption by common containerized workloads while preventing known privilege escalations. It caters to application operators and developers of non-critical applications. Baseline : The Restricted policy is focused on enforcing rigorous Pod hardening best practices, albeit at the potential expense of some compatibility. It primarily targets operators and developers of security-critical applications, as well as lower-trust users. For a comprehensive list of controls that should be enforced or disallowed under each profile, you can refer to the official documentation. Restricted Unlike some other solutions, PSA does not offer a straightforward method for directly migrating or modifying Pod Security Policy (PSP) rules. PSA's primary focus is on validating pods against the established , including the profiles mentioned above. No Direct PSP Rule Transfer: Kubernetes security standards : While PSA is effective at validation, it cannot modify or customize pod specifications as PSP could. PSA's main purpose is to enforce predefined Kubernetes security standards and does not include features for altering or mutating pod specifications. It primarily focuses on validating pods against these established standards. No Mutations Setup and Installation Since PSA is a Kubernetes Native component, to make it work, you just need to ensure that the Pod Security Admission (PSA) controller is enabled in your Kubernetes cluster. You can do that by running  the following command: kubectl api-versions | grep admission Prep Steps for Migration Assess Namespace Permissions Control of Pod Security Admission is influenced by namespace labels. This implies that individuals with the capability to update, patch, or create namespaces also have the authority to modify the Pod Security settings for those namespaces. This modification could potentially bypass stricter security policies. Before proceeding, it is essential to verify that namespace permissions are assigned exclusively to trusted and privileged users. It is advisable to refrain from granting these elevated permissions to users who do not require such access. If additional constraints are needed for configuring Pod Security labels on Namespace objects, consider utilizing an admission webhook to enforce those restrictions. Streamline and Normalize PodSecurityPolicies Before migrating to Pod Security Admission (PSA), it is beneficial to normalize your PodSecurityPolicies (PSP): : Eliminate options not covered by the Pod Security Standards. These options include: Remove Unsupported Fields .spec.allowedHostPaths

.spec.allowedFlexVolumes

.spec.allowedCSIDrivers

.spec.forbiddenSysctls

.spec.runtimeClass : Initiate the process by removing fields that solely have a mutating effect and do not impact the validation policy. These fields, as also mentioned in the "Mapping PodSecurityPolicies to Pod Security Standards" reference, include: Eliminate Purely Mutating Fields .spec.defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation
.spec.runtimeClass.defaultRuntimeClassName
.metadata.annotations['seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName']
.metadata.annotations['apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName']
.spec.defaultAddCapabilities Important Note: Removing these fields may lead to workloads lacking necessary configurations, which could potentially cause operational issues. It is crucial to ensure that workloads can function correctly with the simplified policies. Determine the Suitable Pod Security Level When determining the appropriate Pod Security level for your namespace, you have several methods to consider: By Security Requirements for the Namespace If you are familiar with the expected access level and security requirements for the namespace, you can select an appropriate Pod Security level based on those specific requirements. This approach is similar to how you would approach security settings in a new cluster. By Existing PodSecurityPolicies: Utilize the reference to map each of your existing Pod Security Policies (PSPs) to a corresponding Pod Security Standard level. If your PSPs are not originally based on the Pod Security Standards, you may need to make a decision. Choose a Pod Security level that is at least as permissive as your PSPs, or opt for a level that is at least as restrictive. To identify which PSPs are in use for pods within a specific namespace, use the following command: "Mapping PodSecurityPolicies to Pod Security Standards" kubectl get pods -n $NAMESPACE -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io\/psp}" | tr " " "\n" | sort -u By Existing Pods: Conduct a dry run and apply the label command from the next section to test both the Baseline and Restricted Pod Security levels. This helps you assess whether these levels are sufficiently permissive for your existing workloads. Choose the least-privileged valid level that aligns with your existing workloads. It's important to note that the mentioned options are based on existing pods, which may not account for workloads that are not currently running. This includes CronJobs, scale-to-zero workloads, or other workloads that have not yet been deployed. Testing the Pod Security Level Once you've determined the Pod Security level for your namespace (except for the Privileged level), it's important to validate the chosen policy. Pod Security offers testing options to ensure a smooth rollout and compliance with security standards. Dry Run Testing: Use this method to assess the impact of the selected policy without immediate enforcement. To perform a dry run, use the following command, which will highlight any existing pods that do not meet the specified policy level: kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL Audit Mode Testing: Audit mode allows you to record policy violations without enforcing them. Violating pods are logged in the audit records for later review. Enable audit mode with the command: kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=$LEVEL If unexpected policy violations arise during testing, you can: Update non-compliant workloads to align with the policy. Adjust the Pod Security level for the namespace if necessary to accommodate your workload requirements. Enforcing the Pod Security Level Once you are confident that the selected Pod Security level is appropriate for your namespace, you can proceed to enforce it. This step ensures that the desired security standards are actively applied to your workloads within the namespace. To enforce the desired Pod Security level on the namespace, use the following command: kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL Executing this command will activate and enforce the specified Pod Security level, enhancing the security posture of your namespace. Bypassing PSP To effectively bypass PodSecurityPolicy at the namespace level, you can bind a fully privileged Pod Security Policy (PSP) to all service accounts in the namespace. This process ensures that pods within the namespace are no longer subjected to modifications or restrictions imposed by PodSecurityPolicy. You can do that at a cluster level or at an individual namespace level. Cluster-Scoped Setup (Needed Only Once for the whole cluster): Create a fully privileged Pod Security Policy (PSP) by applying a YAML configuration file, such as . This PSP should grant all necessary privileges to pods and create a cluster role named privileged-psp to allow the use of Pod Security Policies (PSPs) and associate it with the privileged PSP: privileged-psp.yaml kubectl apply -f privileged-psp.yaml
kubectl create clusterrole privileged-psp --verb use --resource podsecuritypolicies.policy --resource-name privileged Per-Namespace Disablement: Create a role binding in the target namespace to associate the privileged-psp cluster role with the group. This binding effectively grants all service accounts within the namespace access to the fully privileged PSP, bypassing PodSecurityPolicy: system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE kubectl create -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp --clusterrole privileged-psp --group system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE With this setup, the privileged PSP is non-mutating, and the PodSecurityPolicy admission controller always prioritizes non-mutating PSPs. As a result, pods in this namespace will no longer be modified or restricted by PodSecurityPolicy. One advantage of this approach is its reversibility. If any issues arise, you can easily roll back the change by deleting the RoleBinding associated with disabling PodSecurityPolicy. Ensure that pre-existing Pod Security Policies remain in place during this process. Undo PodSecurityPolicy Disablement: To revert the PodSecurityPolicy disablement for the namespace, simply delete the RoleBinding created earlier: kubectl delete -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp Revisit Namespace Creation Processes With existing namespaces updated to enforce Pod Security Admission, it's essential to review and update your processes and policies for creating new namespaces. This ensures that new namespaces are configured with an appropriate Pod Security profile from the outset. Consider the following steps to enhance namespace creation processes: : Update your organization's policies and procedures for creating new namespaces to include the selection and application of the desired Pod Security level. Ensure that security standards are established right from the creation stage. Adjust Namespace Creation Policies You can statically configure the Pod Security admission controller to define default enforcement, audit, and/or warning levels for unlabeled namespaces. This approach ensures that namespaces lacking explicit Pod Security labels still adhere to your specified security standards by default. Static Configuration: By revisiting your namespace creation processes, you can seamlessly integrate Pod Security standards into y and maintain a consistent and secure approach across all namespaces, old and new. our Kubernetes environment Disable PodSecurityPolicy Once you are confident that the PodSecurityPolicy (PSP) admission controller is no longer needed and that Pod Security Admission (PSA) has been successfully implemented and validated, you can proceed to disable the PSP admission controller. Here are the steps to disable the PSP admission controller: Modify kube-apiserver Configuration: Open the configuration file for your kube-apiserver, typically located at /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml. Add the flag to disable the PSP admission controller. Ensure that it's removed from the list of active admission plugins. --disable-admission-plugins kube-apiserver --disable-admission-plugins=PodSecurityPolicy Save the configuration file. Restart kube-apiserver: Restart the kube-apiserver to apply the changes. You can usually achieve this by restarting the Kubernetes control plane or the kube-apiserver pod itself. systemctl restart kubelet Verification: Ensure that the PSP admission controller is disabled by checking the kube-apiserver logs or its status. After sufficient "soak time" to be confident that you won't need to roll back to PSPs, proceed to the next step. Cleanup PSP Resources: With the PSP admission controller disabled and PSA in place, you can safely delete your existing PodSecurityPolicies, as well as any associated Roles, ClusterRoles, RoleBindings, and ClusterRoleBindings. kubectl delete podsecuritypolicies --all
kubectl delete roles,clusterroles,rolebindings,clusterrolebindings --selector=rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate=true This cleanup step ensures that there are no residual PSP configurations in your cluster. By deactivating the PSP admission controller and eliminating PSP-related resources, you simplify your cluster's security architecture, completing the transition to Pod Security Admission. Summary In this comprehensive guide, we've explored the essential steps and considerations for smoothly transitioning your from Pod Security Policies (PSP) to Pod Security Admission (PSA). This migration ensures that your workloads continue to run securely while aligning with Kubernetes' evolving security standards. Kubernetes cluster's security framework Pros and Cons of using Pod Security Admission (PSA) Pros: : PSA is an integral part of Kubernetes, eliminating the need for third-party tool installations. It leverages the platform's built-in security features. Native Kubernetes Component : PSA aligns with Kubernetes' native security standards, ensuring compliance with the platform's best practices. Enforces Kubernetes Standards Cons: : PSA may not provide the same level of customization as PSP, especially for complex security policies that require mutation of pod specs. Limited Customization : Existing workloads must be updated to include security context settings, which may require modification of YAML files. Retrofitting Required This guide equips you with the knowledge and steps required to migrate confidently from PSP to PSA, ensuring a secure and efficient transition while safeguarding your Kubernetes workloads. Stay tuned for upcoming articles, where I will explore alternative migration paths to Kyverno and OPA Gatekeeper.

Migrating from Pod Security Policies: A Comprehensive Guide (Part 1: Transitioning to PSA)

পড নিরাপত্তা নীতি থেকে স্থানান্তর: একটি ব্যাপক নির্দেশিকা (পর্ব 1: PSA-তে রূপান্তর)

Migration von Pod-Sicherheitsrichtlinien: Ein umfassender Leitfaden (Teil 1: Übergang zu PSA)

Migración desde políticas de seguridad de pod: una guía completa (Parte 1: Transición a PSA)

Migration à partir des politiques de sécurité des pods : un guide complet (Partie 1 : Transition vers PSA)

पॉड सुरक्षा नीतियों से माइग्रेट करना: एक व्यापक मार्गदर्शिका (भाग 1: पीएसए में परिवर्तन)

ポッド セキュリティ ポリシーからの移行: 包括的なガイド (パート 1: PSA への移行)

포드 보안 정책에서 마이그레이션: 종합 가이드(1부: PSA로 전환)

Migração de políticas de segurança de pod: um guia abrangente (Parte 1: transição para PSA)

Миграция с политик безопасности Pod: подробное руководство (Часть 1: Переход на PSA)

Pod Güvenlik Politikalarından Geçiş: Kapsamlı Bir Kılavuz (Bölüm 1: PSA'ya Geçiş)

Di chuyển từ Chính sách bảo mật Pod: Hướng dẫn toàn diện (Phần 1: Chuyển sang PSA)

从 Pod 安全策略迁移：综合指南（第 1 部分：过渡到 PSA）

306 Stories To Learn About Docker

A Quick Guide to Implementing and Using Sets Efficiently has had sets for a while, but they aren't used as much as lists. Nevertheless, they can be very beneficial in certain cases. Python What Are Sets? . A set is a collection of unique objects A basic use case is removing duplication. test_set = ['spam', 'spam', 'eggs', 'spam', 'bacon', 'eggs']
print(set(test_set))
# {'eggs', 'spam', 'bacon'}
print(list(set(l)))
#['eggs', 'spam', 'bacon'] There are two types of sets in Python: The mutable Type. set The immutable sibling Type. frozenset The itself is however, the set elements must be hashable to enforce uniqueness. The since it's immutable by default. set Type not hashable, frozenset Type is hashable In addition to this, Set Type implements many operations as Infix Operators, for example, given two sets a and b: a | b returns their union. a & b computes the intersection. a - b the difference. a ^ b the symmetric difference. # Defining the two sets
first_set = {1, 5, 7, 4, 5}
second_set = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
# Creating the intersection of the two sets
intersect_set = first_set & second_set
print(intersect_set) # Output: {4, 5}
# Creating the union of the two sets
union_set = first_set | second_set
print(union_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
# Creating the difference of the two sets
diff_set = first_set - second_set
print(diff_set) # Output: {1, 2, 3} How do I create a Set? Python provides different ways to create or instantiate set objects, the first is through Literal Syntax and the second is Set Comprehension, and this comes as no surprise since a set is a Python sequence. Set Literals The standard string representation of sets always uses the {…} notation. The syntax is quite simple with the one caveat, there is . no way to create an empty Set, so we must call the constructor directly not_an_empty_set = {1, 5, 7, 4, 5} # Set Literal
empty_sest = set() # Empty Set The syntax {1, 2, 3} is quicker and easier to read than writing out set([1, 2, 3]). It's slower to evaluate the latter form since Python has to check the set name, build a list, and afterward pass it to the constructor. Set Comprehension SetComp is to and , it’s the creation of a set based on existing iterables. similar listComp dictComp new_set = {s for s in [1, 2, 1, 0]}
print(new_set) 
# set([0, 1, 2]) Practical Consequences of Using Sets The set Type and frozenset Type are implemented with a hash table, and this can have certain effects: Set elements must be hashable objects. They must implement proper and methods. "hash" "eq" . A set may have millions of elements, but an element can be located directly by computing its hash code and deriving an index offset. Membership testing is very efficient Sets have a , sometimes a low-level array would be more compact and efficient. significant memory overhead If two elements are different but have the same hash code, their position depends on which element is added first, so basically, . element ordering depends on the insertion order Adding elements to a set may change the order of existing elements. That’s because the algorithm becomes less efficient if the hash table is more than two-thirds full. implement similar operations to set operations, Dict views using set operators with views will save a lot of loops and ifs when inspecting the contents of dictionaries in your code. Further Reading The Python Standard Library documentation, “ ”, includes examples and practical recipes with several mapping types. collections — Container datatypes The third chapter of the book, Fluent Python The first chapter of the book, Python Cookbook, 3rd Edition. Also published here.

6 Practical Consequences of Set Theory in Python

Let's learn about via these 53 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Containerization /Learn Repo 1. How To Create Deployment Objects in Kubernetes and Deploy Using kubectl Learn what Deployments are in Kubernetes and how to use them. Deployments are a high-level abstraction that controls how we deploy and maintain a set of Pods. 2. How to Use binding.pry to Debug a Rails Application in a Docker Container Debugging in a docker container isn't that straightforward. At least it is not in the way my team set everything up. I will describe my methods for debugging. 3. Kubernetes Security For Developers: A Quick Start Guide One of the basics of running Kubernetes in a production environment is security—how to ensure container images, pods, specific microservices, are protected. 4. Deploy Your First Jupyter Notebook to Docker What Docker is, what makes up docker, and how to deploy a Jupyter notebook to a Docker Container 5. Understanding Pods in Kubernetes Pods are Kubernetes Objects that are the basic unit for running our containers inside our Kubernetes cluster. 6. How To Harden Your Docker Containers Using Seccomp Security Profile Secure Computing Mode, also known as Seccomp, is a Linux kernel feature that improves several security features to help run Docker in a more secure environment. 7. Benefits of Using Docker for Microservices: 2020 Edition Docker is an innovative set of PaaS products that offer strategical and operational advantages for developing software applications. It reduces the expense incurred across the infrastructure and maintenance of software applications. 8. Creating and Deploying a Simple Helm Chart Learn how to create a simple Helm chart to package and deploy individual Kubernetes applications. 9. The Container Anatomy: A Kernel Introduction Welcome to this tutorial series, where we will evolve from the anatomy of a container inside the Linux Kernel, and will keep building pieces and evolving till the publication of a service into an Orchestration Platform. The general idea is to detail as much as possible (without being massive) how is things working under the hood. 10. Why Spotify Migrated From Its Homegrown Orchestration Tool (Helios) to Kubernetes? Kubernetes optimizes audio streaming on Spotify. There's a story behind why it migrated from innate Helios to Kubernetes for container orchestration. Read on. 11. Linux-based Containers under the Hood Containers under Linux - building a container from scratch. 12. Understanding Linux Containers Before Changing the World Containers provide a way to run your application by packaging it with every dependency it needs. This article will look at Linux containers and their uses. 13. How to Use a Template to Use Docker with PHP Today I want to give you an easy-to-use template in order to use Docker with PHP, explained so you can understand how it works in just 10 minutes. 14. It's Free to Learn Docker. Do it Now! 15. Two Key Points of Containerisation You Need to Know by Heart What is containerisation and what’s so great about it anyway? You may work with container-based applications every day at work, but there comes a time when an intern or a fresh graduate new joiner (or perhaps a non-IT colleague) in your team ask you these questions and you find yourself stopped in your track thinking: “where should I start?”. 16. Top 5 Kubernetes Coding Errors and How to Solve Them How to solve the top 5 Kubernettes coding errors. 17. Creating Encrypted Containers in Linux Using Cryptsetup A brief guide on how to create encrypted containers in Linux using Cryptsetup, giving you tools for keeping your most important files and data protected. 18. Creating Microservices: Key Principles and Concepts of Microservices Architecture Microservices architecture allows an application to be separated into parts which work together 19. Creating an AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR) Using an EC2 Instance on Ubuntu Docker allows developers to package applications in containers. This article will show you how to create your own container, upload it to the repository. 20. A Brief Overview of Docker And Its Impact On The Development Ecosystem Docker is an open-source containerizing platform for application services, codes, libraries, configurations, and other dependencies into one package. 21. What are the Benefits of Using Docker Containers & When Should They Be Used? Docker allows allows enterprises to easily integrate the benefits of containerization into their development lifecycle and operations, optimizing time & money. 22. Potential Use Cases of AI in Kubernetes See how AI is helping shape the Kubernetes industry and optimize clusters for the future. 23. 3 Tips for Effective Kubernetes Application Troubleshooting While debugging applications is slightly easier than solving issues with K8s clusters, it’s hardly a straightforward task. Here are three ways to simplify it. 24. Web Application Development: Principles of Development Based on Microservices. Part 2. To use a microservice architecture, the developer needs to study special technologies that are applicable for such web app development. 25. How to Containerize and Deploy AI Models using Modzy We know data scientists like to use a variety of tools during the model development process. That’s why Modzy was designed with flexibility top of mind. 26. Why Wink Adopted a Cloud-Native Infrastructure Backed by Kubernetes-Docker-CoreOS Container Linux This blog covers why Wink adopted a Cloud-Native Infrastructure Backed by Kubernetes-Docker-CoreOS Container Linux stack. Learn more. 27. Top Alternatives to Docker Desktop in 2022: How to Choose One Docker Desktop will change the licensing policy for commercial users. It's no longer free, so what alternatives can we choose instead? 28. Ship With the Docker Hub CLI Tool The Docker Hub CLI Tool is a helpful containerization tool that can be used with Command Line. It is slightly experimental but still incredibly helpful. 29. Containerization and Its Benefits This post explains what containers are, key benefits of containers in software dev and discusses why you might consider adding them to your DevOps processes. 30. How to Select the Best Container Registry If you are developing any type of containerized application, there will be some concerns for you as a developer or an ops engineer. One such major concern is where to store the container images so that they can be easily and securely accessible at the deployment. This is where container registries come into play by offering a place to store these images. Therefore, selecting the best possible container registry for your specific use case is vital in any containerized application development. Yet, how can we ensure that we select the best possible registry? Let's try to answer that question in this post. 31. Containerization in 2023: 4 Tips for Successful Container Adoption Four tips for laying a solid foundation and making sure you're ready to handle the challenges of operating containerized workloads in production. 32. How To Deploy Firecracker MicroVMs using Weave FireKube Introduction 33. Why CIOs Must Focus on Accelerating Kubernetes Adoption The blog discusses why CIOs must focus on accelerating Kubernetes adoption, as a futuristic technology, within their enterprises to ensure business continuity. 34. Using Kubernetes and Containers for Infinite Scaling A landscape view of how to rightsize Kubernetes workloads, from single containers in a pod to hyperscaled serverless deployments, examining tools and techniques 35. Comparing Kubernetes and Nomad in 2022 Both Nomad and Kubernetes are good systems for running containerized applications, but they are very different. 36. Dockershim Deprecation: Is Docker Truly out of Game? Dockershim deprecation only means the code maintenance of Dockershim in the code repository of Kubernetes will stop. 37. SQL Server container in Azure Kubernetes Services (AKS) So recently I got involved with an ASP.NET project which was build over 10 years ago and over the years Developers and Change Requests came and went. And over the period the Application became quite cumbersome and quite hard to understand and manage, the Application became quite large in terms of functionality, codebase and data. 38. How to Maximize Cloud ROI with Containerization - Part 2 Learn how to increase your cloud ROI with automated deployment of containers and implementing CI using the right approach when developing your infrastructure. 39. The State of Containers in 2020 Containerization has come a long way and containers have completely revolutionized the way companies build, test, package and deliver software today. Containers are good for packaging any software. Big or small. Microservices are great candidates to be packaged and delivered with container images. With Microservices architecture, the large monolith is decoupled into several mini services that work independently. 40. How To Containerize Java Applications Without Docker Using Jib In this article we will learn about how to create docker or OCI complaint images without installing any docker client or using Dockerfile for our SpringBoot application. We will be doing all of this with help of Jib. 41. Exploring Containerization Beyond Kubernetes Here's why cloud-based PaaS and Containers make a solid combination for most developers. 42. The Technologies Set to Redefine Cloud Computing This Decade For many years, enterprise cloud computing has been a careful balance
– and sometimes an epic battle – between what is possible and what is
practical on the ground. This dichotomy has led to a lot of confusion,
which in turn can hold back development. 43. The Top 8 Registries for Containers There are many container registry options on the market, serving customers of different types, sizes, and needs. Let's look at our top 8. 44. Kubernetes vs Docker: Differences Explained Learn about Docker and Kubernetes container solutions, and discover the differences between Kubernetes and Docker to choose the one that best suits your needs. 45. Things to Keep in Mind to Successfully Deploy Kubernetes in Production This blog covers additional factors you should take care of to successfully deploy Kubernetes cluster in production alongwith choosing a managed cloud. Read on. 46. Security Best Practices for Kubernetes: 2020 Edition The New Cloud-Native World of Containers 47. CI/CD Workflow for SpringBoot Applications on Kubernetes via Skaffold In this article, we'll explain how to create a CI/CD workflow for a SpringBoot Application deployed to Kubernetes using Skaffold. 48. Exploring an Open Source Toolkit for Debugging Kubernetes - KoolKits A new open source approach for debugging live applications - right from inside your IDE or terminal window, and without stopping the live application. 49. Configure Access to Multiple Kubernetes Clusters This guide will help you understand how you can manage access to Kubernetes clusters at scale and how you can streamline, optimize and orchestrate this process. 50. CI/CD Workflow for SpringBoot Applications on Kubernetes via Skaffold In this article, we'll explain how to create a CI/CD workflow for a SpringBoot Application deployed to Kubernetes using Skaffold. 51. 3 Top Tools for Implementing Kubernetes Observability Here, in this blog, we’ve discussed three important tools to implement Kubernetes Observability. Let’s take a look! 52. An Encryption Deep Dive - Part Four [AWS Encryption Services] 53. Podman CLI Guide for Docker Users Podman is the command-line interface tool that lets you interact with Libpod, a library for running and managing OCI-based containers. It is important to note that Podman doesn't depend on a daemon, and it doesn't require root privileges. Thank you for checking out the 53 most read stories about Containerization on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

53 Stories To Learn About Containerization

188 Stories To Learn About Containers

I’m an iOS Engineer at where I develop for game devs. Not so long ago I got a task to completely reimplement UI and animations. One of the most interesting parts was implementing of balance view with rolling animation of the number in it: Triumph Labs TriumphSDK https://vimeo.com/813889559 At the first sight, it looks pretty simple but we needed a well-configured custom solution. Of course, I checked existing libraries that I could reuse and adjust this kind of animation for our needs. After the first try, I figured out that the libraries are not so adjustable and we cannot control the animation of each number. I won’t go into details too much, however, I decided to make my own solution from scratch. Now it is an open-source project that is available as Cocoapod and Swift package: https://github.com/maxkalik/RollingNumbers CALayers I had a list of requirements — how should the animation look, but also I added another one — the component should be implemented only using . Why? Most of the libraries that I checked were implemented using only . The typical approach is making or inside of a where arranged views are UILabels. The rolling animation is implemented by using changing constraints. That’s absolutely ok but I wanted as much as possible to reduce the workload of performance. CALayers UIViews UIScrollViews UIStackVeiws UIView UIView.animate represent the visual content of . Layers provide low-level API of an efficient and more detailed configuration of rendering and animation using a low-cost framework. Another important thing about Layers is that they are rendered using only GPU resources. This means the CPU will be free for another calculation task while the animation is running — that’s what I wanted to mention about performance. CALayers UIView Core Animation Solution If to check open-source solutions, the approach of how to construct the view is everywhere almost the same: a stack of numbers but visible ones only based on the state. My wireframe looks the same but different :) As you can see in the picture the stacks of numbers are doubled, this means the number of elements in one stack is 20. This particular number of elements needs a smooth transition from an initial state to the next one and in the meantime the direction of rolling I wanted to be fully configurable. Let’s say, if a stack would have only 10 elements (and it would be pretty reasonable from the first sight) then the rolling direction from one digit to another would be always different. I needed to obey the direction rolling, for example, all digits from up to down. Each stack in the view is where sublayers are numbers. The numbers are arranged by the same height, which means it’s easy to calculate the next position of the future number. CALayer Characters All characters are and they have their own width. If to use it’s not needed to care about width, all will be arranged by view configuration, but in my case — don’t have such default implementation so it means it should be calculated. CATextLayers UIStackView CALayers To get the width of a character is a pretty straight-forward task using and font: NSAttributedString } private func prepareWidthOfChar ( _ char : Character ) -> Double { let fontAttributes = [ NSAttributedString . Key .font: font] let size = String (char).size(withAttributes: fontAttributes as [ NSAttributedString .Key : Any ]) return size.width * characterSpacing This function also helps to calculate an actual with of all columns in the Rolling Numbers view. To get this information a developer can use the public property . width Animation Configuration To achieve the spring animation effect I used changing position of the — a column where sublayers are numbers . CASpringAnimation y CALayer CATextLayers } } private func animate ( config : RollingNumbersView . AnimationConfiguration , completion : (() -> Void ) ? = nil ) { CATransaction .begin() let animation: CASpringAnimation = CASpringAnimation (keyPath: "position.y" ) let fromValue: CGFloat = position.y let toValue: CGFloat = moveToDigit() animation.fromValue = fromValue animation.toValue = toValue animation.duration = config.duration animation.speed = config.speed animation.damping = config.damping animation.initialVelocity = config.initialVelocity animation.isRemovedOnCompletion = false animation.fillMode = .forwards CATransaction .setCompletionBlock { completion ? () add(animation, forKey: nil ) CATransaction .commit() Additionally, I used to catch the animation completion moment which reference I exposed in the Rolling Numbers view API as trailing completion. It happens only once after setting a new number with animation. CATransaction } rollingNumbersView.setNumberWithAnimation( 245699 ) { // completion For the default animation config, I prepared a separate called: . There are 4 initial configurations of the spring animation that are publically accessible. struct AnimationConfiguration duration: CFTimeInterval = 1 , speed: Float = 0.3 , damping: CGFloat = 17 , initialVelocity: CGFloat = 1 Animation Type There are 4 animation types prepared for usage: } public enum AnimationType { case allNumbers case onlyChangedNumbers case allAfterFirstChangedNumber case noAnimation is accessible using public property . AnimationType animationType Let’s consider an example formatted as US currency. The initial value is $4.588.77. The future value is $4.5 7 76.6 (the changed numbers in the price I highlighted in bold). By default, the animation is set up with . This means if a future number is in the middle of the horizontal string then all others digits after this number will be animated. If to use — this means literally: if a future number is different then only this number column will be scrolled. But somebody will need to roll all digits so for this you can use just . .allAfterFirstChangedNumber .onlyChangedNumbers .allNumbers Rolling Direction The numbers rolling direction can be configured using specific public properties : obviously only two directions: and . For example, if to set up this property as then the numbers in the view will always move in the up direction. However, initially, this property is nil which means by default the direction depends on a future number. If the future number will be less than the old one then the numbers column will move down and vice versa. rollingDirection RollingDirectionwhere .up .down .up Formatting There are several options to format the Rolling Numbers: alignment, character spacing, font, , and text color. NumberFormatterconfigurator }() var rollingNumbersView = { // Initialize Rolling Numbers view with initial number value let view = RollingNumbersView (number: 1234.56 ) // Spacing between numbers view.characterSpacing = 1 // Text color view.textColor = .black // Alignment within UIView view.alignment = .left // UIFont view.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 48 , weight: .medium) let formatter = NumberFormatter () formatter.numberStyle = .currency view.formatter = formatter return view Changing the size of the font keep in mind that the actual height of the view can be smaller, this means the digits can be invisible. Besides general public property , there is another interesting public method: textColor rollingNumbersView.setTextColor(.blue, withAnimationDuration: 3 ) Under the hood, the animation implemented using of .The public method helps to change the color of the text (numbers) while moving animation is happening! As an option changing color can be also an animation with duration. CABasicAnimation forgroundColor setTextColor Wrapping up I enjoy building UI for mobile apps and solving performance problems. If it’s needed to use more than just then Apple Documentation and tons of examples can help to make a more efficient solution. UIView When I finished building the Rolling Numbers component, I decided to share my solution with everyone — making a public library. Full documentation of usage of Rolling Number you can get from the GitHub repository: . Welcome to everyone who can contribute and suggest improvements to this project via PR! https://github.com/maxkalik/RollingNumbers Links Core Animation Programming Guide CALayer Rolling Numbers

Rolling Numbers Animation Using Only CALayers

Command Design Pattern is one of the behavioral design patterns used to encapsulate a request as an object, thus enabling to parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations. This article will discuss the Command Design Pattern in C# with an example. Prerequisites Basic knowledge of OOPS concepts. Any programming language knowledge. The article demonstrates command design patterns using the C# programming language. So, to begin with, C# Introduction to C# C# has been around for quite some period, and it continues to develop, obtaining more enhanced features. medium.com Learning Objectives How to code using an adapter command pattern Getting Started Introduction to Command Design Pattern The Command Design Pattern decouples the object that invokes the operation from the one that knows how to perform it. The pattern provides a way to associate requests with things, where each request is represented as an object with its properties and methods. The critical elements in the Command Pattern are: The Command Interface: Defines the standard interface for all commands. The Concrete Command: Implements the Command Interface and implements the execute method. The Invoker Holds a reference to the command and invokes the command when required. The Receiver: Knows how to perform the operations associated with the command. Example of Command Design Pattern in C# Let us consider an example of a simple calculator that can perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. We can use the Command Design Pattern to implement these operations as commands. First, we will create a Command interface that will define the common interface for all commands. This interface will have an execute method that the concrete commands will implement. public interface ICommand
{
    void Execute();
} Next, we will create concrete command classes for each operation, which will implement the ICommand interface and provide the implementation for the execute method. public class AdditionCommand : ICommand
{
    private readonly Calculator _calculator;
    private readonly int _operand;
    public AdditionCommand(Calculator calculator, int operand)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
            _operand = operand;
        }
        public void Execute()
        {
            _calculator.Add(_operand);
        }
    }
    public class SubtractionCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly Calculator _calculator;
        private readonly int _operand;
        public SubtractionCommand(Calculator calculator, int operand)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
            _operand = operand;
        }
        public void Execute()
        {
            _calculator.Subtract(_operand);
        }
    }
    public class MultiplicationCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly Calculator _calculator;
        private readonly int _operand;
        public MultiplicationCommand(Calculator calculator, int operand)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
            _operand = operand;
        }
        public void Execute()
        {
            _calculator.Multiply(_operand);
        }
    }
    public class DivisionCommand : ICommand
    {
        private readonly Calculator _calculator;
        private readonly int _operand;
        public DivisionCommand(Calculator calculator, int operand)
        {
            _calculator = calculator;
            _operand = operand;
        }
        public void Execute()
        {
            _calculator.Divide(_operand);
        }
    }
} The Calculator class will act as the receiver and know how to perform the arithmetic operations. public class Calculator
{
    private int _result;
    public void Add(int operand)
    {
        _result += operand;
    }
    public void Subtract(int operand)
    {
        _result -= operand;
    }
    public void Multiply(int operand)
    {
        _result *= operand;
    }
    public void Divide(int operand)
    {
        if (operand != 0)
        {
            _result /= operand;
        }
    }
    public int GetResult()
    {
        return _result;
    }
} Finally, we will create an Invoker class, which will hold a reference to the command and invoke the command when required. public class CalculatorInvoker
{
    private ICommand _command;
    public void SetCommand(ICommand command)
    {
        _command = command;
    }
    public void ExecuteCommand()
    {
        _command.Execute();
    }
} Now, let us see how these classes can perform arithmetic operations. static void Main(string[] args) { 
  Calculator calculator = new Calculator(); 
  CalculatorInvoker invoker = new CalculatorInvoker();

  // Create commands for arithmetic operations
  AdditionCommand additionCommand = new AdditionCommand(calculator, 5);
  SubtractionCommand subtractionCommand = new SubtractionCommand(calculator, 3);
  MultiplicationCommand multiplicationCommand = new MultiplicationCommand(calculator, 2);
  DivisionCommand divisionCommand = new DivisionCommand(calculator, 4);

  // Execute commands using invoker
  invoker.SetCommand(additionCommand);
  invoker.ExecuteCommand();
  invoker.SetCommand(subtractionCommand);
  invoker.ExecuteCommand();
  invoker.SetCommand(multiplicationCommand);
  invoker.ExecuteCommand();
  invoker.SetCommand(divisionCommand);
  invoker.ExecuteCommand();
  // Get result from calculator
  int result = calculator.GetResult();
  Console.WriteLine("Result: " + result); // Output: Result: 1
} In the above example, we created four concrete command objects for the arithmetic operations and used the Invoker to execute these commands. The Invoker does not know about the definite commands; it only knows about the Command interface. The concrete controls encapsulate the receiver object (Calculator) and the arguments required for the operations. Conclusion Overall, the Command Design Pattern provides a flexible and extensible way to encapsulate requests as objects and decouple the object that invokes the operation from the one that knows how to perform it. In summary, the Command Design Pattern is a helpful way to decouple the object that invokes the operation from the one that knows how to perform it. It provides a way to associate requests with things, where each request is represented as an object with its properties and methods. In C#, we can use interfaces and classes to implement this pattern. Follow me on , , , , , C# Publication LinkedIn Instagram Twitter Dev.to BuyMeACoffee Also published here

How to Transform Your C# Code With the Command Design Pattern

Gravity Simulation With Unity DOTS 1.0

is one of the most widely used hooks in React. Optimizing in React gives you a significant boost in performance and sometimes gets your code rid of nasty bugs. I've encountered many situations where there were performance issues or some difficult-to-find bugs due to incorrect usage of . Here I'll discuss a few of the optimization patterns which are very easy to adhere to yet very effective. useEffect useEffect useEffect 1. Use primitives in the dependency array We often pass JavaScript objects in the dependency array. Although nothing is wrong with doing that, sometimes it makes more sense to destructure the JavaScript object and only pass the specific value to the dependency array of . Let's take a look at an example. Suppose we have a component which takes the object as a prop and fetches the user's transaction data whenever the user changes. We need to get the user's transaction data when the user changes. Our user object looks like this: useEffect useEffect UserInfo user only {
  "id": 123,
  "name": "John Doe",
  "imageURL": "...",
  "isActive": false
} The typical implementation will look like this: function UserInfo({ user }) {

  useEffect(() => {
    getUserData(user.id);
  }, [user]);

  return (
    ...
  );
} This will get user data from the server whenever the user object changes. But looking at the user object, it only makes sense to get the new data when the changes. There could be instances where the user's data changes but the don't, which won't benefit us in making an API call and getting the data from the server again. Let's say the user's was initially and later changed to . In this case, we don't need to get the user's transaction data again because the user is still the same. We can avoid this redundant API call by changing our dependencies. Here's the refactored component using primitive data types: user.id id isActive false true useEffect function UserInfo({ user }) {
  const { id } = user;

  useEffect(() => {
    getUserData(id);
  }, [id]);

  return (
    ...
  );
} With the above optimization of , we will only get the user's transactional data when the user changes. Remember, in dependencies, non-primitives (like objects and arrays) are checked for equality only by reference, not by the value. So the following code will always return : useEffect id useEffect false { name: "Huzaima" } === { name: "Huzaima" } 2. Avoid needless dependencies Sometimes, we use to derive a new state from our current state. Suppose we've a counter which totals the length of the string every time the input value is updated. We can implement that like this: useEffect function CharacterCounter() {
  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState("");
  const [compoundStringLength, setCompoundStringLength] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (inputValue) {
      setCompoundStringLength(compoundStringLength + inputValue.length);
    }
  }, [inputValue, compoundStringLength]);

  return (
    ...
  );
} The above code results in being executed infinitely. Why? Because of the incorrect dependency. We're updating inside the and using the same as a dependency. How do we solve this problem? We need to use inside the for computation, so we can't get rid of it. But what we can do is remove it from the dependency array. You might think this will result in an incorrect value of due to being a closure. You're right... and wrong. This is correct because is a closure, so we won't get the correct value of if we don't use it in the dependency array. Still, there's a way of getting the correct value of without specifying it in the dependency array. The state setter function ( ) doesn't only accept value but also a function. The signature of that function looks like this: useEffect compoundStringLength useEffect compoundStringLength useEffect compoundStringLength useEffect useEffect compoundStringLength compoundStringLength setCompoundStringLength setCompoundStringLength: (currentStateValue) => newStateValue; We can leverage the above function signature in the to get the correct value of for our computations . The refactored optimization of looks like this: useEffect compoundStringLength without specifying it as a dependency useEffect function CharacterCounter() {
  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState("");
  const [compoundStringLength, setCompoundStringLength] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (inputValue) {
      setCompoundStringLength(
        (compoundStringLength) => compoundStringLength + inputValue.length
      );
    }
  }, [inputValue]);

  return (
    ...
  );
} 3. Hoist functions Any unmemoized function that you define inside the component is recreated on every render. A very naive example is this: function EmailValidate() {
  const [email, setEmail] = useState("");

  const isEmailValid = (input) => {
    const regex =
      /^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/;

    if (regex.test(input)) return "Email is valid";
    return "Email is invalid";
  };

  return (
    <>
      <input value={email} onChange={(event) => setEmail(event.target.value)} />
      <p>{isEmailValid(email)}</p>
    </>
  );
} Here you can see that the function is a pure function and doesn't depend on the component's props and/or state. We can easily optimize this by extracting the function outside the component. Rewriting the above component will look like this: isEmailValid const isEmailValid = (input) => {
  const regex =
    /^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@"]+)*)|(".+"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/;

  if (regex.test(input)) return "Email is valid";
  return "Email is invalid";
};

function EmailValidate() {
  const [email, setEmail] = useState("");

  return (
    <>
      <input value={email} onChange={(event) => setEmail(event.target.value)} />
      <p>{isEmailValid(email)}</p>
    </>
  );
} 4. Clean up The primary purpose of is to handle side effects. Sometimes you have to clean up those side effects like event handler subscriptions or observables. You can return the function having clean-up logic from the function inside . Let us take an example of an input field which should clear when the user presses the key. We can do so like this: useEffect useEffect Escape function Input() {
  const [input, setInput] = useState("");

  const escFunction = useCallback((event) => {
    if (event.key === "Escape") {
      setInput("");
    }
  }, []);

  useEffect(() => {
    document.addEventListener("keydown", escFunction, false);

    return () => {
      document.removeEventListener("keydown", escFunction, false);
    };
  }, [escFunction]);

  return (
    <>
      <input value={input} onChange={(event) => setInput(event.target.value)} />
    </>
  );
} In the above code, we're returning a function from inside the . That function unsubscribes the event listener, saving us from nasty memory leak problems. useEffect keydown 5. Use multiple effects to separate concerns Ever heard of divide and conquer? Yup! That's precisely what we need to do here. Aka , a widely practiced principle in software engineering. in , i.e. using different for every use case. Suppose we've a component which gets and in props. We make an API call to get user and organization data based on the props. We can write like this: separation of concerns React team advocates for separation of concerns useEffect useEffect userId organizationId useEffect useEffect(() => {
  getUser(userId);
  getOrganization(organizationId);
}, [userId, organizationId]); The above will work fine. But there's one fundamental problem. If the change but the don't, will still get called. Why? Because we've added two separate concerns in a single . We need to segregate them into two different . We can rewrite it like this: useEffect userId organizationId getOrganization useEffect useEffect useEffect(() => {
  getUser(userId);
}, [userId]);

useEffect(() => {
  getOrganization(organizationId);
}, [organizationId]); 6. Custom hooks Custom hooks are a great way of extracting side effects, which can be reused by many other components. It's also an elegant way of organizing your code. Suppose we've a custom hook to return details about the input string. We can write that custom hook like this: function useStringDescription(inputValue) {
  if (!inputValue) {
    return defaultValue;
  } else {
    const wordCount = inputValue.trim().split(/\s+/).length;
    const noOfVowels = inputValue.match(/[aeiou]/gi)?.length || 0;
    return {
      wordCount,
      noOfVowels,
    };
  }
} The hook returns the number of vowels and the word count of a string passed in the argument. We can use this hook like this: useStringDescription function App() {
  const [inputValue, setInputValue] = useState("");
  const stringDescription = useStringDescription(inputValue);
  const { wordCount, noOfVowels } = stringDescription;

  useEffect(() => {
    console.log("stringDescription changed", stringDescription);
  }, [stringDescription]);

  return (
    ...
  );
} Let's try to use the above setup and see how many times the is executed. useEffect You can see that is called even when the object's value doesn't change. We can destructure the object as defined in the 1st rule of this article, or we can optimize our custom hook like this: useEffect stringDescription stringDescription function useStringDescription(inputValue) {
  const [stringDescription, setStringDescription] = useState(defaultValue);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!inputValue) {
      setStringDescription(defaultValue);
    } else {
      const wordCount = inputValue.trim().split(/\s+/).length;
      const noOfVowels = inputValue.match(/[aeiou]/gi)?.length || 0;

      if (
        wordCount !== stringDescription.wordCount ||
        noOfVowels !== stringDescription.noOfVowels
      ) {
        setStringDescription({
          wordCount,
          noOfVowels,
        });
      }
    }
  }, [inputValue, stringDescription.noOfVowels, stringDescription.wordCount]);

  return stringDescription;
} Now, we're updating the state when any value changes. Let's check out the results: See? didn't get called needlessly because the referential equality holds. useEffect These were the bunch of optimizations we can use to make the usage of hooks more effective and get rid of nasty and notoriously hard to find bugs caused due to incorrect usage of hooks. Optimizing in React also gives you a boost in performance. What are your secret recipes? Let me know on . And don't forget to read my previous blog about . useEffect useEffect useEffect Twitter promise speed up Also published here.

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