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Sama

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August 29th, 1997. That’s the day Skynet became self-aware, and the day it decided to attack humanity. Of course, that was in Terminator 2. A movie. Nothing close to real life. While it’s a classic, it’s guilty of emphasizing the negative consequences of technology that most humans couldn’t understand at the time. Things are different now. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made unprecedented advancements in recent years: think self-driving cars, voice assistants, and smart home systems. And none of these things are “bad” or “evil.” Examples like from Marvel's series and Samantha from the film come to mind. Jarvis Iron Man Her While these AI systems have been glamorized and personified in Hollywood, it begs the question: are we on the cusp of seeing such advanced AI in our lifetime? Let’s get into the possibility and implications of such a reality. The Evolution of AI: A Historical Perspective AI has been touted as the next big thing for decades. The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was first used in the 50s by at a conference in Hanover, New Hampshire. computer scientist John McCarthy Since then, researchers have made impressive strides in developing AI systems capable of complex tasks and even learning from experience. From Turing's Test to Deep Learning In 1950, computer scientist Alan Turing proposed a test to determine if a machine could exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to a human's. This became known as the “ ” and remains a benchmark for measuring AI. Turing Test Deep learning - a subset of - took center stage in 2012 with an AI system that could recognize cats in YouTube videos. machine learning The breakthrough sparked the current deep learning revolution, leading to natural language processing, image recognition, and autonomous decision-making advancements. Current State of AI: How Close Are We? Today's AI systems can perform a wide range of tasks. They can play complex games like chess and automate routine tasks in industries such as finance and healthcare. While these systems are impressive, they still fall short in terms of general intelligence - the ability to adapt and learn new things. Narrow vs. General AI The current AI landscape is dominated by narrow AI. These are systems efficiently. designed to perform specific tasks It can be used for professional and entertainment purposes. Many marketers use automation tools to help them do more in less time. General AI, on the other hand, can reason and think like a human. It can learn and adapt. That’s what would be required to come up with a Jarvis or a Samantha. But achieving general AI is no easy feat. We’ll need to push through significant scientific ceilings in areas such as natural language processing, emotional intelligence, and creativity, among others. The Path to Advanced AI: Challenges and Considerations While we may be closer than ever to witnessing advanced AI systems like Jarvis and Samantha, significant challenges still need to be addressed. These include: AI systems rely on vast amounts of data to learn and make decisions. Any bias in the data can lead to unideal outcomes. Data bias: Advanced AI systems with general intelligence raise important questions about safety and ethical considerations. Who is responsible if an AI system makes a harmful decision? How can these systems be used ethically? Safety and ethics: If advanced AI systems become a reality, how will they interact with humans? Will they be able to empathize and understand human emotions? Human interaction: Jarvis and Samantha: Breaking Down the Fictional Reality The idea of AI systems like Jarvis and Samantha is not entirely out of the realm of possibility. We’ve already seen significant advancements in natural language processing and emotional intelligence in AI systems. Companies like are laying the groundwork today for what AI will be tomorrow. It’s essentially AI as a Service, allowing users to chat with AI based on fictional characters. Users can also create their own chat buddy. Moemate But what can we see from brands like this five or 10 years from now? There’s no way to know, but the results so far are stellar. It’s also important to note that Jarvis and Samantha are highly romanticized versions of AI. They have personalities and emotions modeled after humans. While it is possible that we may see AI systems, such as what Moemate has developed, with similar capabilities in our lifetime, they won’t be exactly the same as the characters depicted in movies. The Future of AI: What Can We Expect? The journey towards advanced AI, like Jarvis and Samantha, is still evolving. While we have made significant strides in AI technology, we have yet to completely bridge the gap between today's AI and tomorrow's possibilities. The challenges, primarily concerning data bias, ethical considerations, and human interaction, need attention. However, with the rapid pace of technological advancements, we remain optimistic. The focus should lie on nurturing an AI future that is beneficial and safe for humanity. While the prospect of seeing AI like Jarvis and Samantha remains an enticing possibility, these AI systems will blend our technological accomplishments and our shared human values when they do come to life. These values may be much different from what we saw in movies over a decade ago.

Will We See AI Like Jarvis and Samantha in Our Lifetime?

If you’re not familiar with , it’s an Ethereum-based smart contract security CTF game, presented by . For a long time, it’s been the same 26 puzzles, each one of which presents a smart contract with a security vulnerability. The game is to find and exploit the vulnerability, then submit proof of having done so to pass the level. The first person to win all levels gets awarded a free lambo! Or, the only awards are the entertainment/educational value gleaned from the exercise, I forget which. Ethernaut OpenZeppelin Spoiler alert: you can see some of my solutions explained . here if you plan to solve the problems on your own. Avoid that link Well, for a while it’s been the same 26 puzzles, but recently I visited the site again and noticed that a was added: new one The new one is called “Good Samaritan”, and (again ) I will walk you through the problem and the solution. spoiler alert The Problem The problem is explained succinctly . here, on the Ethernaut website There is a network of three smart contracts, comprising a Coin (a very simplified version of an ERC20 token), a Wallet (holds the coin/token), and a front-end contract for donating 10 of the token upon request. This front-end contract owns the wallet which owns a large quantity of the token. The condition for winning is to rob the entire contents of the GoodSamaritan’s wallet. The Solution So, there is actually nothing stopping you from just requesting 10 tokens over and over, except that it will require 100,000 separate requests, will take forever and will cost a ton in gas fees. If you did it this way, I imagine that you would be declared a winner. But that wouldn’t be fun and would miss the point of the challenge. There’s a second way, just using a plain old reentrancy attack. But I won’t get into the details of this, as it’s still too time-consuming and costly. It’s basically the same thing as repeatedly requesting, but with slightly fewer steps. Finally, the real solution (as the Ethernaut description indicates) has to do with the newer way of throwing errors. So, we have a call stack that goes from GS.requestDonation() → Wallet.donate10() → Coin.transfer() Examining this, it’s pretty unremarkable; on examination, there’s no obvious hook to be seen, whereby one could disrupt the process or inject some malicious functionality. However, then the chain is like this: if the caller happens to be another contract, GS.requestDonation() → Wallet.donate10() → Coin.transfer() → INotifyable.notify That last step is clearly the opportunity to disrupt the expected flow. The INotifyable.notify() is an optional hook back to the caller (the calling contract). This is essentially allowing you, the caller, to inject code into the process, right at that point. You code and deploy your own contract to act on your behalf, and execute custom code at that exact spot. So, what code to execute? Well, the first thing that comes to mind is reentrancy, the core of so many attacks in this game (and in real life). Looking at the Coin.transfer function, we can see that it follows the checks-effects-interactions pattern to defend against reentrancy attacks. It has its checks: if(amount_ <= currentBalance) Followed by its effects: balances[msg.sender] -= amount_;
balances[dest_] += amount_; and finally, interactions: INotifyable(dest_).notify(amount_); Now, the trick is that we know one thing: in the GoodSamaritan contract, the result of a error being caught, is that the GoodSamaritan will dump its entire wallet contents onto the caller! NotEnoughBalance } catch (bytes memory err) {
      if (keccak256(abi.encodeWithSignature("NotEnoughBalance()")) == keccak256(err)) {
           // send the coins left
           wallet.transferRemainder(msg.sender);
           return false;
      }
} Hmmm… it seems that the way to get that code to execute, would be to simply cause a NotEnoughBalance error to be thrown. And since the process is allowing us to execute our own custom code…. well there it is. You can see and download my complete solution . The solution itself is visible in the and the . The used in the solution is here. here execute script unit tests custom contract Conclusion There are other smart contract CTFs. What I don’t like about Ethernaut’s is that I feel that they do a bit too much to ‘feed’ you the solution. It would be nice to see a more realistic scenario that contains more complexity and ‘noise’ - a bunch of details that are not related to the solution, that might serve to distract one from the real solution. Which is what you’d see in the real world. What I do like about Ethernaut is that IMO they do a good job in covering many of the most crucial aspects of EVM smart contract security. I’d definitely recommend Ethernaut for someone who is already fairly well-versed in smart contract development, but who is maybe wanting to expand their knowledge of security issues. Also, these exercises are a fun challenge that you can do within a few spare hours, in most cases.

Good Samaritan - The New Ethernaut CTF Challenge

In this AMA, the team at Hackernoon talks to Samantha Robertell, a marketing manager at Gamers Outreach. Gamers Outreach is a non-profit charity that empowers sick children in hospitals through video game software and equipment provision. Slogging Please check out Gamers Outreach . here This Slogging thread by Jack Boreham, Samantha Robertell, Limarc Ambalina and Mónica Freitas occurred in slogging's official #amas channel, and has been edited for readability. Jack Boreham Nov 9, 2021, 2:01 PM Hey @channel, please join me in welcoming our next AMA guest, Samantha Robertell, a marketing manager at Gamers Outreach. Gamers Outreach is a charity that empowers children in hospitals through video game equipment and software. Please feel free to ask Samantha anything about: What her role is within Gamers Outreach About Gamers Outreach and their projects Marketing and social media promotion Anything about video games Jack Boreham Nov 9, 2021, 2:03 PM Hi Samantha Robertell; thank you for joining us today. Can you tell us a little bit about yourself and what you do? To start things off. Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 2:18 PM Hi Jack! Thank you so much for having me! A little bit about myself well, I currently work in the non-profit space between gaming and health care. Our mission is to bring video games to hospitalized children and families everywhere. I've been around the gaming space for the past ten years and have enjoyed seeing everything grow! Fun facts: I enjoy rock climbing I have a cute cat named Momo - she's the best I'm super hard-stuck Silver in League of Legends but still, enjoy playing 😄 Limarc Ambalina Nov 9, 2021, 3:33 PM Hi Samantha! Thanks for joining us! So how did you get involved with gamers outreach, and where did your journey into the gaming industry begin? Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 4:07 PM Hi Limarc Ambalina! My journey has been very sporadic, to say the least. I started ten years ago reffing and adminning online Call of Duty tournaments. That was my big intro to the gaming industry. From there, I did odd jobs, customer service, etc. At the same time, moving around the country - impulsively, haha. My big break didn't come until about three years ago when I was introduced to someone at DreamHack and was hired on as a Social Media Event Coverage person. My ties with DreamHack sort of streamlined my intro into Gamers Outreach due to overlapping partnerships within the space! I ended up meeting Zach Wigal, our founder, at a DreamHack Anaheim event I was working. Coincidentally, they needed some coverage and a Marketing Manager. 🙂 The rest is history! Jack Boreham Nov 9, 2021, 4:29 PM A pleasure to have you here, Samantha Robertell. That's superb! Can you go into more detail about what Gamers Outreach does, such as some of the projects it has carried out to help children in need? Jack Boreham Nov 9, 2021, 4:31 PM Also, what a great name for a cat 😂. I've never managed to get into League; what made you get into it? 😄 Jack Boreham Nov 9, 2021, 4:31 PM Unfortunately, rock climbing is not for me as I'm terrified of heights haha. Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 4:36 PM Yes, happy to share more! Gamers Outreach provides video games to children via mobile kiosks we like to call GO Karts or "Gamers Outreach Karts." These Karts are easy to wipe down so hospital staff can move them from patient to patient. They also come equipped with a monitor, controllers, and a console that's loaded up with 10-15 games such as Rocket League, Minecraft, and Madden. We also have a volunteer program, Player 2. Due to COVID, Player 2 has been on pause, but this is a program in which gamers can act as a helping hand to hospital staff. They can service GO Karts, answer questions, and play video games with patients! Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 4:38 PM League - a friend of mine got me into it, and I just got sucked in! I love the lore and the champions a ton. Top champions that I play currently are Lulu, Nami, and Leona - all support champions 😄 Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 4:39 PM Rock climbing doesn't have to be based around heights, either! You can venture into what is called "bouldering." This is just climbing on a wall that's about 12-15 feet tall! Mónica Freitas Nov 9, 2021, 8:44 PM Hey Samantha Robertell! Thank you for being here! What are the main challenges in developing marketing strategies for a charity organization? Also, what's your favorite part about what you do? Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 10:13 PM Hi Mónica Freitas! For myself, the biggest challenge is always the unexpected bump in the road. For instance, we recently wrapped up a month-long fundraiser in which we were expected to have around 100-150 broadcasters join us. The unexpected bump was that we ended up having over 500 broadcasters participate, which challenged us to shift gears completely in our marketing efforts and pinpoint priority engagement and social direction. It's always great to have a plan in place, but, in my opinion, something can ALWAYS change those plans. Samantha Robertell Nov 9, 2021, 10:15 PM As far as my favorite part - I love our cause. I joined the team because I  believe in making a difference for patients. I've been in the hospital a couple of times as an adult, and it's lonely, especially during these times with COVID still lingering. Video games give kids the chance to be themselves, engage socially with family members or even hospital staff, and just give them a second to dive into any world they want. Limarc Ambalina Nov 10, 2021, 6:42 AM That's awesome, Samantha! At the moment, is the gaming hardware donated mostly by the manufacturers themselves? Sony, Microsoft or from like retailers? Limarc Ambalina Nov 10, 2021, 6:43 AM Also, how do you think the rise of video game streamers has changed the industry and your marketing tactics? Jack Boreham Nov 10, 2021, 10:42 AM Samantha Robertell, wow, what an amazing organisation and such great projects. So I know when we last talked on my podcast, the Rock had involvement with the Gamers Outreach Karts and Xbox. Can you explain a bit more about his involvement 😄 Jack Boreham Nov 10, 2021, 10:44 AM Also, when do you think player two will get up and running again? I might try bouldering!! My sister loves it, haha. Any tips if I did want to start playing League? For a newbie 😂. Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 1:45 PM Great question, Limarc Ambalina! Gaming hardware can be donated by manufacturers, but it's not as frequent as you may think. In the cost of a GO Kart, the cost of the console is included as well. There have been instances where Xbox has donated 10-20 consoles for larger activations, though! Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 1:49 PM The rise of streamers has changed the entire game, and this past fundraising effort is a real testament to that. While the streaming market and feel oversaturated from a creator standpoint, it allows us to reach out to more people about our cause. Our Development team works hard to invite a multitude of people to support our cause and that, in turn, exposes new audiences to our mission. So it's all been very positive for us! Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 1:52 PM Ah yes, Jack Boreham! It's been one full year since our activation with The Rock and Xbox. In that time 20, GO Karts were delivered to hospitals with these  cool Xbox Series X and S's that had The Rock's signature on them. So this activation was around helping others while also sharing the latest console from Xbox 😄 Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 1:53 PM We're unsure of when Player 2 will return. It will all be on the hospital's terms of when they're allowing visitors again. ❤ 1 Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 1:56 PM Tips... I recommend playing with a friend who can teach you the macro side of the game! I also recommend playing a support role first, as their role is a bit different when it comes to the economy. You're able to focus more on the champs you're playing against and less on having to last hit minions while also learning new aspects of a game. Mónica Freitas Nov 10, 2021, 3:17 PM Samantha Robertell Thank you for your answers. That was a big turnout. It must be exhilarating seeing an event or fundraiser reach bigger crowds than you've anticipated. I imagine that planning your marketing efforts for a charity is a bit different than doing it for a corporation - maybe you have fewer funds for big marketing efforts, for instance. What would your advice be for someone starting their professional journey in marketing? What were those key lessons you've learned throughout your career and that you wish you'd know sooner? Mónica Freitas Nov 10, 2021, 3:17 PM Samantha Robertell Do you usually adapt the games for different ages? Kids most love having that bit of fun while they have to stay at a hospital. Jack Boreham Nov 10, 2021, 3:53 PM Samantha Robertell, wow, it must have been incredible to get him on board. Have you had any more celebrities or influencers team up with Gamers Outreach?  Also, I heart that gamers outreach just had a fundraiser. Can you tell us a bit more about that? 😄 Jack Boreham Nov 10, 2021, 3:56 PM Okay, I might jump in! You convinced me, haha. So are Moba games like league your go to? Would you jump into other MOBAS like Dota? Are you a big fan of any other genres? Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 4:02 PM Mónica Freitas So my first job in marketing was for a digital agency. I was brand new and worked my way up to managing our top clients - we were smaller, but it still was a big deal! My boss always told me to imagine you're working with unlimited funds. If you could do anything for your client, anything at all, what can you come up with creatively for them? Then, scale it down. With our Halloween event, there was a lot of "what if we could BE in a retro video game." With lower funds, it's more along the lines of, "how do we make this feel like a spooky retro/arcade feeling?" TLDR; Pretend you have unlimited funds and even if you think your idea is bad, share it with someone. 💚 1 Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 4:03 PM The games we have on our GO Karts are great for all ages! We don't carry any M rated games due to age restrictions. You'll often time find most kids playing NHL, Rocket League, Minecraft, even Pacman! 💚 1 Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 4:06 PM Yes, Jack Boreham! We recently wrapped up our month-long fundraiser, the Spooktacular Streamathon. 👻  This was an event in which we had creators fundraiser in support of our cause each day in October. Some creators and organizations chose to fundraise for more than a day, but our ask was just a minimum of one day. We raised $771K, which is incredible for us. These funds will help us to expand globally, bring GO Karts to new hospitals, and more! You can see highlights here: . https://gamersoutreach.org/spooktacular-2021/ Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 4:08 PM League is my first and only MOBA! I had a deep love for Call of Duty years ago but eventually transitioned out of MP FPS. These days, I play many calming single-player games like Cozy Grove, Stardew Valley, etc. I  recently picked up Eastward and am looking forward to diving more into it when I have some free time! 🔥 1 Limarc Ambalina Nov 10, 2021, 4:23 PM Samantha Robertell Stardew Valley is addicting. It’s the first time I was ever sucked into a farming simulator. The wife and I play it together split-screen all the time! Samantha Robertell Nov 10, 2021, 4:29 PM I love that! My husband recently picked it up on his phone, and he was sucked in too! Jack Boreham Nov 11, 2021, 12:26 AM Samantha Robertell, wow, what an amazing amount raised! Can people still donate to the fundraiser? Also, how do you go about getting creators to join the fundraiser and stream? Same! There is great comfort in playing warmer, more calming games, especially with winter coming up. Samantha Robertell Nov 11, 2021, 2:26 PM The fundraiser is over, but people can always donate to our cause by visiting our website! 😄 http://www.gamersoutreach.org Samantha Robertell Nov 11, 2021, 2:26 PM And yesssss COZY GAMES ALL THE WAY. ❤ 1 Jack Boreham Nov 11, 2021, 2:37 PM Samantha Robertell, that's amazing. Thank you! That's a wrap on this AMA. Thank you, Samantha, for joining us; it has been a pleasure to have you. As you mentioned, we can donate through the website above, any other places our readers can check out! Or any closing thoughts? 😄 Samantha Robertell Nov 11, 2021, 2:53 PM Thank you for having me! As always, people can follow us on socials, @gamersoutreach, to see what we're up to. We're excited for the future of gaming in healthcare and can't wait to share the awesome things we're working on! ❤ 1

Providing Kids in Need With Access to Games: An Interview w/Samantha Robertell from Gamers Outreach

Are you interested in the future of blockchain, cryptocurrency and token offerings? Panelists: Tim Draper Tim Draper is the founding partner of and and widely recognized as one of the most prominent venture capital and entrepreneurial leaders in the world. He was listed as #46 of the most outstanding alumni, #7 on the Midas List among other awards. Tim has been an outspoken proponent of Bitcoin and and is regarded as one of the first VCs in the space. Draper Associates DFJ Harvard University Forbes blockchain Jimmy Song Jimmy started in Bitcoin Development in 2013 and has worked on numerous Bitcoin projects such as Bitcoin Core, btcd, Armory, pycoin and colored coins. He is now a venture partner (a leading crypto fund) and has served as a developer and programmer at more than a dozen start-ups. Most recently, he served as principal architect at and vice president of engineering at Amory Technologies, where he managed the development of enterprise-level Bitcoin wallet software. Jimmy is also the editor and author of popular blog, and with Jimmy Song runs a seminar teaching developers to build on blockchain. Blockchain Capital Paxos Bitcoin Tech Talk YouTube Off Chain Programming Blockchain Kyle Samani Kyle Samani is cofounder and Managing Partner of , a venture capital-esque crypto hedge fund with at least $250M in assets under management (AUM). Prior to starting Multicoin Capital, Kyle ran (a Google Glass company for surgeons) as CEO, raising $5M and ultimately being acquired. Kyle’s writing and thought leadership has built him up as someone to follow in the ever evolving industry. Multicoin Capital Pristine.io Topics: Network effects in a world cryptocurrency How token incentives drive value and adoption Ways to cryptoassets Why network is a key factor in determining crypto value The importance of first mover effects in blockchain What to expect on the future of Bitcoin And much much more … Do not miss out! Watch it live now! Super excited about the event and would love to see you all there. Want more great round tables and investor interviews. Subscribe today to never miss a thing! Brought to you by Corl is the world’s first revenue sharing token on the blockchain. We’re disrupting traditional startup financing by allowing startups and SMBs to access non-dilutive, on-demand growth capital Corl And if you are interested in learning more, and get in touch. read our whitepaper

[Video] Tim Draper, Jimmy Song and Kyle Samani Roundtable on The Value of Cryptocurrency and…

Some Thoughts on the Future of Work In November 2015, I met Vanessa Kanyi at the Samasource Ungala in San Francisco. You see, I had to meet her — Vanessa had just spoken about her journey. Before Samasource, she was making less than $1 a day in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. This wasn’t enough to help her with her dream of getting a university degree. Her trajectory in life was halted, simply because of where she was born. But then she told the audience that Samasource picked her up as one of its first employees. She started in data entry, then virtual assistant work, and eventually become a supervisor and manager for Sama. Eventually, she was able to move to California and get a scholarship from Santa Monica Community College. The Ungala audience was moved by her story. I was moved by her story. I simply told her, “thank you for sharing your story.” Because of , Vanessa was able to gain meaningful work, pursue her dreams, and move upwards. Vanessa is one of the 50,000+ people who has been positively impacted by Samasource’s mission to lift people out of poverty by giving them good-paying work, along with the training needed to complete that work (Check out ). Samasource sources its employees and contractors in third world regions such as Kenya and Uganda and gives them meaningful pay that allows them to pursue a better life. Samasource Samaschool “The ticket you draw in life’s birth lottery shouldn’t determine your fate.” ~ Leila Janah Samasource accomplishes all this by Businesses need annotation, classification, and data verification for everything from machine learning to image recognition. Samasource helps businesses accomplish this by employing and contracting thousands of people across the world to accomplish these tasks. helping businesses around the world organize their unstructured data through software and scalable work. If you’re interested in structuring your unstructured data, contact me or the Samasource team . Getting Closer to Sama I first learned of Samasource in September 2009, when founder Leila Janah presented at Facebook’s FbFund Rev demo day. I was an editor for at the time — I even that day. I admired the company and the mission, and my admiration has only grown as I’ve gotten to know Samasource and its dedicated team through meetings, fundraisers, and conversations with supporters. Mashable wrote about Samasource In 2015, I got more involved. After seeing the impact of my book , Leila Janah invited me to attend a board meeting to get an idea of what Samasource really did and whether I could help in a more impactful way. I got a chance to see the books and understand Samasource’s uniqueness as a non-profit making a profit. The mission and the direction truly started to make sense. I officially joined the board three months ago. Captivology As a member of the Samasource board, I will be involved in oversight and governance, providing advice to Janah and her team, and helping steer not just Samasource’s future, but the future of work itself. This leads to me to the reasons why I decided to join the board. Work Provides Identity and Hope Prudence grew up in Kibera — Africa’s largest urban slum. She used her income from Samasource to move her mother and sister into a new house in a safer neighborhood, where she loves hosting friends and baking in her new kitchen. I have always found pride and identity in work. I was thrilled to be a lifeguard and swim instructor as a teen, and I built my relationships and brand as Mashable’s 24-year-old Co-Editor wunderkind. I’ve always been happiest when I was working on something I was genuinely proud of. When I look back to my darkest moments, they were almost always when I hated my job, had no job, or when I didn’t know if I could pay the rent. I suspect many of you have had similar experiences. Having work meant you were a productive member of society; not having a means to pay your bills created a giant weight that paralyzed your thoughts and stoked your fears. There’s a reason why the first question most people ask strangers is, “what do you do for a living?” . Work is how we provide for ourselves and our families. It is the activity we spend the most time doing, outside of sleeping or raising our families. We as a society idolize innovators, entrepreneurs, geniuses, and celebrities because of their work. You know LeBron James for his skills on the basketball court; you know Mark Zuckerberg for the company he created. Work is the core of modern identify You don’t even have to ask a person who is out of work or cannot find it how they feel. . In my eyes, Samasource does not provide jobs — it provides identity. It provides empowerment. It provides hope. Ashamed. Afraid. Depressed. Useless Since 2008, Samasource has given identity, empowerment, and hope to over 50,000 people and lifted thousands out of poverty in the process. That is worthy of celebration, but Samasource is on track to give work to thousands or even millions more over the next decade. I joined the board of Samasource to help Leila Janah and her team accomplish this mission, but I also joined because I believe Samasource is at the forefront of the future of work. Work Is Changing, Thanks to AI The concept of work itself is changing at a rapid pace globally. Technology has enabled millions of jobs that were not possible even a decade ago — data entry, machine learning, and transportation, to name a few. But technology will also make many jobs obsolete in the next few decades. Self-driving cars and trucks, for example, will replace millions of jobs as more people begin to trust a technology that avoids the deadly weaknesses of human drivers. AI , and it will not be long until AI helps automates every industry. Yet it could be these AI advances that create new jobs and improve the lives of millions. Where this technology goes depends upon the people at the forefront of these innovations and the priorities they hold. advances are increasing The only way for me to help shape this future is to be at the forefront of this seismic shift. I envision a world where every member of humanity can pursue his or her passions and dreams through the work they to do. In order to achieve this goal, we must give work to those in greatest need and study and support policies that . choose now democratize access to work and wealth The Future of Work Lakshmi is from a small town near Bangalore. Her parents are rural farm laborers, but her father is injured and currently out of work. Lakshmi is supporting her entire family with her Samasource income, as well as funding her brother’s education. Giving more people meaningful work and shaping the future of AI are personal missions for me, especially since . I cannot predict exactly how work will evolve over the next 20 years. However, I do know that Samasource is providing thousands of people with identities and meaningful incomes, and that the technology they have built and enabled could potentially help millions or even billions more. I’m the founder of an AI company I want to be a part of Samasource’s work to bring work to others. Samasource is unique in that it is run like a true business with a product. Many people know of Samasource’s work to help lift people out of poverty through work and training. But Samasource’s product — the structuring of unstructured data — will also shape the future of work in a tremendous way. The mission to give work is only going to become more important as the new automation revolution advances. How we treat our fellow man during this crucial stage of society will be how future generations judge our actions. Let’s get to work. ~ Ben

Why I Joined the Samasource Board of Directors

New Findings Show All Major Art Protection Tools Are Vulnerable to AI Forgery

Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Background and Related Work


Threat Model


Robust Style Mimicry


Experimental Setup


Results
6.1 Main Findings: All Protections are Easily Circumvented
6.2 Analysis


Discussion and Broader Impact, Acknowledgements, and References A. Detailed Art Examples B. Robust Mimicry Generations C. Detailed Results D. Differences with Glaze Finetuning E. Findings on Glaze 2.0 F. Findings on Mist v2 G. Methods for Style Mimicry H. Existing Style Mimicry Protections I. Robust Mimicry Methods J. Experimental Setup K. User Study L. Compute Resources 2 Background and Related Work Text-to-image diffusion models. A latent diffusion model consists of an image autoencoder and a denoiser. The autoencoder is trained to encode and decode images using a lower-dimensional latent space. The denoiser predicts the noise added to latent representations of images in a diffusion process (Ho et al., 2020). Latent diffusion models can generate images from text prompts by conditioning the denoiser on image captions (Rombach et al., 2022). Popular text-to-image diffusion models include open models such as Stable Diffusion (Rombach et al., 2022) and Kandinsky (Razzhigaev et al., 2023), as well as closed models like Imagen (Saharia et al., 2022) and DALL-E (Ramesh et al.; Betker et al., 2023). Style mimicry. Style mimicry uses generative models to create images matching a target artistic style. Existing techniques vary in complexity and quality (see Appendix G). An effective method is to finetune a diffusion model using a few images in the targeted style. Some artists worry that style mimicry can be misused to reproduce their work without permission and steal away customers (Heikkila¨, 2022). Style mimicry protections. Several tools have been proposed to prevent unauthorized style mimicry. These tools allow artists to include small perturbations—optimized to disrupt style mimicry techniques—in their images before publishing. The most popular protections are Glaze (Shan et al., 2023a) and Mist (Liang et al., 2023). Additionally, Anti-DreamBooth (Van Le et al., 2023) was introduced to prevent fake personalized images, but we also find it effective for style mimicry. Both Glaze and Mist target the encoder in latent diffusion models; they perturb images to obtain latent representations that decode to images in a different style (see Appendix H.1). On the other hand, Anti-DreamBooth targets the denoiser and maximizes the prediction error on the latent representations of the perturbed images (see Appendix H.2). Circumventing style mimicry protections. Although not initially designed for this purpose, adversarial purification (Yoon et al., 2021; Shi et al., 2020; Samangouei et al., 2018) could be used to remove the perturbations introduced by style mimicry protections. DiffPure (Nie et al., 2022) is the strongest purification method and Mist claims robustness against it. Another existing method for purification is upscaling (Mustafa et al., 2019). Similarly, Mist and Glaze claim robustness against upscaling. Section 4.1 highlights flaws in previous evaluations and how a careful application of both methods can effectively remove mimicry protections. IMPRESS (Cao et al., 2024) was the first purification method designed specifically to circumvent style mimicry protections. While IMPRESS claims to circumvent Glaze, the authors of Glaze critique the method’s evaluation (Shan et al., 2023b), namely the reliance on automated metrics instead of a user study, as well as the method’s poor performance on contemporary artists. Our work addresses these limitations by considering simpler and stronger purification methods, and evaluating them rigorously with a user study and across a variety of historical and contemporary artists. Our results show that the main idea of IMPRESS is sound, and that very similar robust mimicry methods are effective. Unlearnable examples . Style mimicry protections build upon a line of work that aims to make data “unlearnable” by machine learning models (Shan et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2021; Cherepanova et al., 2021; Salman et al., 2023). These methods typically rely on some form of adversarial optimization, inspired by adversarial examples (Szegedy et al., 2013). Ultimately, these techniques always fall short of an adaptive adversary that enjoys a second-mover advantage: once unlearnable examples have been collected, their protection can no longer be changed, and the adversary can thereafter select a learning method tailored towards breaking the protections (Radiya-Dixit et al., 2021; Fowl et al., 2021; Tao et al., 2021). Authors:
(1) Robert Honig, ETH Zurich (robert.hoenig@inf.ethz.ch);
(2) Javier Rando, ETH Zurich (javier.rando@inf.ethz.ch);
(3) Nicholas Carlini, Google DeepMind;
(4) Florian Tramer, ETH Zurich (florian.tramer@inf.ethz.ch). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 license. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Background and Related Work Threat Model Robust Style Mimicry Experimental Setup Results
6.1 Main Findings: All Protections are Easily Circumvented
6.2 Analysis Discussion and Broader Impact, Acknowledgements, and References Background and Related Work Background and Related Work Background and Related Work Threat Model Threat Model Threat Model Robust Style Mimicry Robust Style Mimicry Robust Style Mimicry Experimental Setup Experimental Setup Experimental Setup Results 6.1 Main Findings: All Protections are Easily Circumvented 6.2 Analysis Results Results 6.1 Main Findings: All Protections are Easily Circumvented 6.1 Main Findings: All Protections are Easily Circumvented 6.2 Analysis 6.2 Analysis Discussion and Broader Impact, Acknowledgements, and References Discussion and Broader Impact, Acknowledgements, and References Discussion and Broader Impact, Acknowledgements, and References A. Detailed Art Examples A. Detailed Art Examples B. Robust Mimicry Generations B. Robust Mimicry Generations C. Detailed Results C. Detailed Results D. Differences with Glaze Finetuning D. Differences with Glaze Finetuning E. Findings on Glaze 2.0 E. Findings on Glaze 2.0 F. Findings on Mist v2 F. Findings on Mist v2 G. Methods for Style Mimicry G. Methods for Style Mimicry H. Existing Style Mimicry Protections H. Existing Style Mimicry Protections I. Robust Mimicry Methods I. Robust Mimicry Methods J. Experimental Setup J. Experimental Setup K. User Study K. User Study L. Compute Resources L. Compute Resources 2 Background and Related Work Text-to-image diffusion models . A latent diffusion model consists of an image autoencoder and a denoiser. The autoencoder is trained to encode and decode images using a lower-dimensional latent space. The denoiser predicts the noise added to latent representations of images in a diffusion process (Ho et al., 2020). Latent diffusion models can generate images from text prompts by conditioning the denoiser on image captions (Rombach et al., 2022). Popular text-to-image diffusion models include open models such as Stable Diffusion (Rombach et al., 2022) and Kandinsky (Razzhigaev et al., 2023), as well as closed models like Imagen (Saharia et al., 2022) and DALL-E (Ramesh et al.; Betker et al., 2023). Text-to-image diffusion models Style mimicry. Style mimicry uses generative models to create images matching a target artistic style. Existing techniques vary in complexity and quality (see Appendix G). An effective method is to finetune a diffusion model using a few images in the targeted style. Some artists worry that style mimicry can be misused to reproduce their work without permission and steal away customers (Heikkila¨, 2022). Style mimicry. Style mimicry protections. Several tools have been proposed to prevent unauthorized style mimicry. These tools allow artists to include small perturbations—optimized to disrupt style mimicry techniques—in their images before publishing. The most popular protections are Glaze (Shan et al., 2023a) and Mist (Liang et al., 2023). Additionally, Anti-DreamBooth (Van Le et al., 2023) was introduced to prevent fake personalized images, but we also find it effective for style mimicry. Both Glaze and Mist target the encoder in latent diffusion models; they perturb images to obtain latent representations that decode to images in a different style (see Appendix H.1). On the other hand, Anti-DreamBooth targets the denoiser and maximizes the prediction error on the latent representations of the perturbed images (see Appendix H.2). Style mimicry protections. Circumventing style mimicry protections. Although not initially designed for this purpose, adversarial purification (Yoon et al., 2021; Shi et al., 2020; Samangouei et al., 2018) could be used to remove the perturbations introduced by style mimicry protections. DiffPure (Nie et al., 2022) is the strongest purification method and Mist claims robustness against it. Another existing method for purification is upscaling (Mustafa et al., 2019). Similarly, Mist and Glaze claim robustness against upscaling. Section 4.1 highlights flaws in previous evaluations and how a careful application of both methods can effectively remove mimicry protections. Circumventing style mimicry protections. IMPRESS (Cao et al., 2024) was the first purification method designed specifically to circumvent style mimicry protections. While IMPRESS claims to circumvent Glaze, the authors of Glaze critique the method’s evaluation (Shan et al., 2023b), namely the reliance on automated metrics instead of a user study, as well as the method’s poor performance on contemporary artists. Our work addresses these limitations by considering simpler and stronger purification methods, and evaluating them rigorously with a user study and across a variety of historical and contemporary artists. Our results show that the main idea of IMPRESS is sound, and that very similar robust mimicry methods are effective. Unlearnable examples . Style mimicry protections build upon a line of work that aims to make data “unlearnable” by machine learning models (Shan et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2021; Cherepanova et al., 2021; Salman et al., 2023). These methods typically rely on some form of adversarial optimization, inspired by adversarial examples (Szegedy et al., 2013). Ultimately, these techniques always fall short of an adaptive adversary that enjoys a second-mover advantage: once unlearnable examples have been collected, their protection can no longer be changed, and the adversary can thereafter select a learning method tailored towards breaking the protections (Radiya-Dixit et al., 2021; Fowl et al., 2021; Tao et al., 2021). Unlearnable examples Authors: (1) Robert Honig, ETH Zurich (robert.hoenig@inf.ethz.ch); (2) Javier Rando, ETH Zurich (javier.rando@inf.ethz.ch); (3) Nicholas Carlini, Google DeepMind; (4) Florian Tramer, ETH Zurich (florian.tramer@inf.ethz.ch). Authors: Authors: (1) Robert Honig, ETH Zurich (robert.hoenig@inf.ethz.ch); (2) Javier Rando, ETH Zurich (javier.rando@inf.ethz.ch); (3) Nicholas Carlini, Google DeepMind; (4) Florian Tramer, ETH Zurich (florian.tramer@inf.ethz.ch). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 license. available on arxiv available on arxiv

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