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The rapid upsurge in cryptocurrency segment activity might overheat the market. It could also bring unexpected pressure to Web3 infrastructure. In December 2023, blockchain-as-a-service teams started adjusting their offerings to help dApps meet increased traffic. DeFis Are Back in Business: TVL Up by 50% in Two Months, Solana, Cardano Lead the Surge In October-December, 2023, the global ecosystem of decentralized finances (DeFis) impressed traders with a massive comeback. Some critical metrics of the DeFi scene are targeting pre-FTX collapse levels. To start with, aggregated Total Value Locked (TVL) across all mainstream smart contracts platforms - Ethereum, BNB Chain, Tron, Solana, Cardano, Optimism, Arbitrum, etc. - soared by 50% in less than two months. In mid-October, this metric was attempting to conquer $40 billion. Two months later, it almost reached $60 billion, as per data. DefiLlama High-performance smart contracts platform Solana (SOL) seems to benefit the most: its TVL increased by a whopping 153% amidst the euphoria around upcoming potential retroactive airdrops on the protocol. The frenzy was triggered by the airdrop of Lido competitor Jito (JTO) which unexpectedly distributed four-digit bonuses to the participants. Cardano blockchain registers an 186% TVL upsurge in the corresponding period: depositors locked over $520 million in its dApps which is a record-breaking level for the entire history of Cardano as a programmable blockchain. The largest DeFi platform, Ethereum, slightly “outperforms” the segment with its 57% upsurge in TVL. Its largest DeFis, Lido, Maker, Aave, and Uniswap, registered a double-digit TVL upsurge in November-December. Simply put, that can’t be explained by a coincidence or “dead cat bounce”: the bullish market in DeFi is gaining steam. All crypto segment actors - traders, investors, infrastructure providers - should be prepared to get the maximum of opportunities it is set to unlock. Stress Tests for the RPC Endpoints’ Reliability Typically, such events are accompanied by infrastructure overload issues. Back in the 2020-2021 bullish market, centralized crypto exchanges - even Tier 1 platforms like Coinbase, Kraken, and Binance - went offline when Bitcoin price surged past crucial levels - $10,000, $15,000, and so on. Even fully decentralized services struggle with increased traffic. Amidst the 2020 DeFi craze, Ethereum-based apps worked much slower than usual, let alone $10-$50 gas for conversion. During the ongoing market rebound, Bitcoin transaction confirmation time surged by 70-100%, as per Blockchain.com data. Remote procedure call (RPC) endpoints, “points of entry” for dApps connected to the blockchain, are under pressure in such periods. In January 2023, amidst the collapse of the cryptocurrency market, all public RPC endpoints by Solana Foundation went offline. Users were forced to migrate to private RPC node providers, i.e., services that are running RPC nodes (actually, blockchain full nodes) themselves, and connect dApps to them via API. The point is that the stability and performance of RPC endpoints are of lethal importance for the functionality of DeFis. Periods of market euphoria only amplify this dependency. Lifting Rate Limit Barriers on Shared Infrastructure: Case of Private RPC Node Provider Increasing the accessibility limits for decentralized applications using shared infrastructure is one of the ways RPC node providers can help clients handle increased traffic. When it comes to premium service packages, all providers guarantee the best possible rate limit (number of requests can be processed per second), but such options can be rather costly for early-stage dApps. As such, top-tier RPC node providers are raising rate limits for the tariffs with limited throughput. For instance, , one of the most popular and innovative Web3 infrastructure providers in DeFi, increased its rate limit for shared nodes from 60 to 200 requests per second, i.e., by over 230%. GetBlock What does this actually mean for dApps? With the “RPS boost”, they can send 230% more requests to blockchains without delay. Say, its infrastructure won’t notice even a 3x increase in traffic acting just like previously and paying the same price per request. To prevent the endpoints from being attacked by spammers, GetBlock introduces this offering only for paid shared node plans. Users of a free plan with 40,000 requests per 24 hours can upgrade their dashboards. Also, for maximum safety, GetBlock only increases rate limits for those users who migrated toward API tokens, a new authorization model. New customers receive these tokens automatically while the existing ones are invited to claim them in their accounts. According to internal research, with this offer activated, becomes the most resource-effective provider when it comes to shared nodes with 200 requests per second bandwidth. GetBlock Wrapping up, the rate limits increase initiative seems to be a reasonable way to help dApps to kickstart new users on-boarding in Q4, 2023.

DeFi Is Back: Metrics Rocketing and RPC Node Providers Address Traffic Challenges

DeFi ফিরে এসেছে: মেট্রিক্স রকেটিং এবং RPC নোড প্রদানকারীরা ট্র্যাফিক চ্যালেঞ্জের সমাধান করে

DeFi ist zurück: Metriken schießen in die Höhe und RPC-Knotenanbieter bewältigen Traffic-Herausforderungen

DeFi está de vuelta: las métricas se disparan y los proveedores de nodos RPC abordan los desafíos del tráfico

DeFi est de retour : les fournisseurs de métriques et de nœuds RPC résolvent les problèmes de trafic

DeFi वापस आ गया है: मेट्रिक्स रॉकेटिंग और RPC नोड प्रदाता ट्रैफ़िक चुनौतियों का समाधान करते हैं

DeFi が帰ってきた: メトリクスロケットと RPC ノードプロバイダーがトラフィックの課題に対処

DeFi가 돌아왔습니다: 메트릭스 로켓팅 및 RPC 노드 공급자가 트래픽 문제를 해결합니다.

DeFi está de volta: Metrics Rocketing e provedores de nós RPC enfrentam desafios de tráfego

DeFi возвращается: рост показателей и поставщики узлов RPC решают проблемы с трафиком

DeFi Geri Döndü: Metrikler Hızla Yükseliyor ve RPC Düğüm Sağlayıcıları Trafik Sorunlarını Ele Alıyor

DeFi đã trở lại: Các nhà cung cấp nút RPC và tên lửa đo lường giải quyết các thách thức về lưu lượng truy cập

DeFi 回归：Metrics Rockets 和 RPC 节点提供商解决流量挑战

After a relatively calm late summer, SpaceX kicked up the cadence again in October 2017 — closing out the month with three successful missions. This uptick in cadence follows a remarkable year that has left many astounded at the capabilities and durability of the company that was, until recently, considered an underdog in the aerospace industry. On October 9, SpaceX launched the Iridium-3 mission from Vandenberg AFB in California. This launch carried the third set of 10 satellites into their target orbits. The Iridium NEXT constellation is a state of the art constellation of satellites that orbit in a low earth orbit around the planet and provide services including air and maritime tracking as well as Internet of Things and sat phone communications. It will consist of 72 individual satellites (6 of which are on-orbit spares) that are launched 10 at a time. Following the early October launch, the Falcon 9 booster returned to Earth and landed successfully on the “Just Read the Instructions” in the Pacific. [EDIT: As per this , Iridium has added 3 satellites to their constellation, bringing their on orbit spare count to 9 and total satellite count to 75.] January 2017 Press Release Two days later, on October 11, SpaceX launched the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite to Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This launch utilized a flight proven booster that had previously taken SpaceX’s 10th ISS resupply Dragon capsule to the International Space Station earlier in 2017. EchoStar 105/SES-11 is a dual-mission satellite that is operated by both US-based EchoStar and Luxembourg based SES. It provides TV and other communication capabilities to the North American continent. Following delivery of the second stage and payload into space, the booster once again returned to earth to land on the “Of Course I Still Love You” in the Atlantic ocean. The Falcon 9 carrying the EchoStar 105/SES-11 satellite prior to launching (SpaceX) Closing out October, SpaceX launched the Koreasat-5A satellite from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on October 30. Koreasat-5A replaces the aging Koreasat-5 satellite and will provide TV, Broadband, and other communications services across Asia and parts of the Middle East. It will also provide maritime coverage of the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, South China Sea, and East China Sea — a feature unique to this satellite in the Koreasat fleet. Following the delivery of the second stage and payload into space, the booster landed on the “Of Course I Still Love You” in the Atlantic ocean after a high energy return through the Earth’s atmosphere. This marked the 16th successful mission this year — doubling the company’s previous annual launch record. Falcon 9 lifting the Koreasat-5A satellite into orbit (SpaceX) In fact, 2017 has been a banner year for SpaceX, and arguably for the future of spaceflight, in many ways. Here is a list of the notable milestones that have happened in 2017: January 14 — Iridium-1 Satellite. Return to Flight after AMOS-6 test anomaly on September 1, 2016. After a 4 month stand-down to investigate the loss of the Falcon 9 during static fire test preparations, this flight from Vandenberg marked the start of the Iridium NEXT deployment and resulted in the first successful landing attempt on the automated support drone ship “Just Read the Instructions” in the Pacific ocean. This booster would go on to fly again in June. February 19 — CRS-10 ISS resupply mission. This was the first private use of the LC-39A launch complex which had been used to send humans to the moon and launch the Space Shuttle. This booster would return to land at LZ-1 and fly once again in October. March 30 — The SES-10 communication satellite became the first satellite launched to orbit on a flight proven booster. The booster was originally used to send the Dragon cargo capsule to the ISS for CRS-8 and was the first booster to land on a drone ship. Following delivery of the second stage and payload to orbit, this booster once again returned to earth to land successfully. This was also the first time that SpaceX launched two payloads in the same month with just 2 weeks between the previous launch of EchoStar and this one on the same pad. May 1 — SpaceX launches their first National Reconnaissance Office payload (NROL_76). For the first time, the general public got to see footage of the booster separation and return to Landing Zone 1 from the ground. Due the secretive nature of the payload, viewers of the web cast were not able to watch the second stage burn or deployment. NROL-76 Booster Separation as seen from the ground June 3 — CRS-11 ISS Resupply mission. This mission marked the first reuse ( ) of an orbital class commercial spacecraft. The pressure vessel for this mission was previously flown on the CRS-4 mission in September 2014. The ability to reuse at least the pressure vessel portion of the Cargo Dragon spacecraft allowed for greater focus to be spent on the Crew Dragon program. partial June 23 — BulgariaSat-1. This mission was the second reflight of a flight proven booster. The booster had previously been used in January to launch the Iridium-1 satellite. Following successful delivery of the second stage to orbit, this booster returned to earth to become the first to land on both droneships. June 25 — Iridium-2. The second set of 10 satellites for the Iridium NEXT constellation was also the third launch for June and the second launch in the same weekend (from opposite sides of the country). This booster landed safely on the “Just Read the Instructions” despite very challenging weather and ocean conditions that necessitated re-positioning the JRTI just before launch. July 6 — Intelsat satellite. Weighing in at 6 761 kg (14,900 lbs), this was the heaviest GTO mission ever flown by SpaceX. The Falcon 9 launched in expendable mode (no legs or grid fins) in order to deliver the payload to a very challenging altitude of at least 31 230 km (19,405 miles). The Falcon 9 exceeded that minimum and placed the payload into a better than expected orbit. August 24 — Formosat 5 satellite. Shortly after breaking their record for heaviest launch, SpaceX launched the lightest payload the F9 has ever carried. The Formosat 5 was a legacy launch that was . intended to be carried on a smaller Falcon variant September 7 — USAF OTV-5 Spacecraft. In their second classified mission of the year, SpaceX, for the first time ever, launched the Boeing built X-37 spacecraft for the US Air Force’s OTV-5 mission. This mission also debuted a new fairing/payload support attachment on the transporter erector launcher (TEL), presumably to protect the rather heavy and delicate X-37 spacecraft. As with the previous NROL mission, footage of the 2nd stage operations and payload delivery was not made available to the public. OTV-5 mission rolling out to the launch pad featuring new payload support brace (Ken Kramer) October 9 & 11 — Iridium-3 and EchoStar 105/SES-11 Satellite. These launches marked the second double header (of a sort) of 2017 with Iridium-3 launching from Vandenberg, CA and EchoStar 105/SES-11 launching from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida just 2 days later. In addition, as mentioned earlier, the SES-11 booster had already flown earlier in this year for CRS-10. October 30 — KoreaSat-5a Satellite. This launch marked the 16th successful launch for 2017, doubling the previous annual record for launches by SpaceX. It was also the 13th landing of the Falcon 9 first stage this year (3 flights this year were in expendable mode). One could be excused for thinking that after such an eventful year and with the holidays rapidly approaching, SpaceX might be ready to stand down for a a couple of months until the new year. However, they are still going strong through the end of 2017. Next up on their launch manifest is the rather mysterious Zuma launch. While it could be presumed that SpaceX was well aware of this launch for many months, the general public only recently became aware of this launch when the FCC launch license became available. Even then, the client was not known for a while. Ultimately, it was revealed that the provider of the payload was Northrop Grumman and that this was a government payload. The launch is scheduled for November 15 at 8 pm EST from LC-39A. Given the clandestine nature of the payload, it would be reasonable to expect that, again, the second stage cameras will not be made public. Falcon Heavy hold downs visible on the TEL with F9 booster (nasaspaceflight.com) Zuma will be the last launch this year from LC-39A which will shutdown immediately afterwards for some final modifications to support the new Falcon Heavy rocket. Originally, it was expected that once SLC-40 came back online, the LC-39A complex would have to be offline for about 60 days to complete modifications. SpaceX has, however, been doing everything they can in between launches to eliminate this down time. Recent photos have indicated that most of the hold downs for the FH are in place. Final modifications involve welding work on the TEL and additional plumbing and wiring. In December, SpaceX will return to SLC-40 for the launch of the CRS-13 ISS resupply mission. Once this pad is operational, it is expected that most single core missions will launch from there, with the exception of crew missions. If scheduling conflicts happen, though, the LC-39A TEL will be capable of supporting any single core launch. JCSAT-16 launching from SLC-40 in August 2016. This was the last launch from the pad before the testing anomaly ( Michael Seeley for We Report Space) At some point in late November, SpaceX hopes to raise the FH at the LC-39A launch pad for initial fitting tests. Following fit tests, SpaceX will perform a wet dress rehearsal of the maiden launch of the vehicle. This rehearsal will involve activating all of the launch systems and fueling the vehicle, with the option of continuing into a static fire test — a test where the engines are started and brought to full thrust and then shut down without releasing the rocket. These tests are vital for the success of the launch because much of the FH is new ground. The Falcon Heavy is in many ways three Falcon 9 rockets strapped together (although, there are many structural enhancements to the center core). The fueling, communications, and operation of the rocket systems as a single unit, though, has never been performed before. In fact, no US based company has ever started 27 rocket engines at the same time. Currently, the LC-39A launch pad is the only place where the FH can be assembled and tested, which necessitated that SLC-40 be back online before they proceeded with the FH launch. With the understanding of the complexity of the FH systems, SpaceX has budgeted enough time to perform at least two wet dress rehearsals to allow for any necessary corrections. The goal is to launch the Falcon Heavy this year with the current earliest date (NET) for launch being December 29. There is a possibility that it could “pull left” to an earlier date is everything goes better than expected, but many predict it will slip into early January. Artists conceptual image of Falcon Heavy launch (SpaceX) Regardless of the launch date, there is a lot of anticipation for a great maiden voyage. With 3–4 additional missions on their manifest for the Falcon Heavy, a lot is riding on the success what will be the most powerful operational rocket on the planet. What a better way to herald a new year full of crewed flights, multiple Falcon Heavy launches, and an anticipated 30 overall launches than to watch 2 (boosters) land by land and one (booster) land by sea. Chris Rogers is a SpaceX enthusiast and over all fan of privatized space flight. His goal is to author articles that make space related news and events approachable by lay persons and people just starting to follow the New Space industry. Would you like to learn more? Here are some great resources for SpaceX information: SpaceX Official Website / SpaceX Twitter Elon Musk Twitter SpaceX Instagram UNOFFICIAL Facebook SpaceX Enthusiast Group Fan-run SpaceX subreddit NASASpaceFlight.com SpaceX Forum

Rocketing ahead with SpaceX

*** The History of Science Funding The scientist has always been a risky employee in terms of ROI.  They are trying to uncover truths about the universe, and oftentimes, the universe gives them the bird. Because experimenting means risking a lot of money and time on a possibly worthless idea, a scientist is a forever intern, until they make a breakthrough, then they become senior associates. That said, the scientist has been trying to make his own money. With the Alchemists, this was literal. While they invented Chemistry and catalyzed the birth of worldwide gold rushes, turning lead into gold was, alas, a wrong idea believed for centuries. The search consumed the lifetime of one person after another, with only dreams of wealth to get them through. But their tenacity was a testament to their resilience and patience. Patience meant, for the time being, remaining in the employ of someone who could afford the risk of backing science in the past. And that meant a King because they had gold/money collected from taxes. Wizards and fortune tellers didn’t make much sense, and they were comedians come to give the King a jolly time before he went to war. Though, while throwing guts on a wall may be stupid, it was mysterious and if they were right, doubly impressive. And here was this (broke) scientist, insisting that they knew a REAL strategy to help the King win. What was their credibility? Circa 200BC, the scientist is Archimedes and the King is the political head of Syracuse. Being a leader in those times largely meant you needed to win wars and as history had taught Kings the utter uselessness of charlatans, the scientist was given a chance to make his case. Archimedes made his case alright. It that he sunk the ships of the Romans with ingenious cranes and catapults that threw heavy stones. has been recounted Since his time, patronage from Kings, Princes, Bankers and Presidents to scientists has been immense. The scientist is respected, and all great scientists, even Leonardo da Vinci who was mostly fawned over for his impressive artwork, took off some time to design weapons. For weapons help the King win and hence, keep the scientist with a job. Scientists soon became ever more pivotal in war efforts. Especially Physicists and Chemists, who have designed countless forms of military hardware to date. However, the emergence of scientific methods in Economics, Sociology, Psychology, Biology, all riding on the power of statistical analysis and logical inference, quickly made the scientist important in every field of human endeavour. The problem however remained. To get a loan, the scientist usually had to, and still has to, rely on government funding because the government remains the biggest fish able to take on sufficient risk in the financial markets. Hate it all you want, but without credit from the government, be it debt or real money, a lot of scientific work would have stalled. Best example - SpaceX. However, governments and their ability to debase money and finance things on debt, made the world wars last longer to destroy the world much harder. It also led to economic depressions and after the 2008 financial crisis, Satoshi Nakamoto, a genius computer scientist, decided to create Bitcoin – a monetary tool outside the purview of government currency debasement. Birth of a financial model divorced from the King Bitcoin has been controversial from its inception. Of course, Kings and governments hate it. It is cutting into their business. A big part of the private sector also loathes its nature of priding in technological exclusivity, so that six years later, a hard fork was implemented to create Ethereum, a cryptocurrency built to provide extra blockchain services such as smart contracts. Many other hard forks quickly followed from the faithless. However, Bitcoin is still mainstream and has recently become interesting to Big Finance. The Bitcoin ETF proves as much. After 15 years of laughing at a thing that keeps building bigger and better, even the harshest critic will shut up and start listening more intimately. Because they now know they are missing something. Energy scientists are also starting to pay attention, with some claiming that Bitcoin mining may be our . are doing well selling cheaper electricity packages that have been subsidized by Bitcoin mining on the side. fast track to an energy transition Energy engineers But these are late to the party. Computer scientists have been earning well in Bitcoin, Ethereum, Doge for decades. And if any scientist has been comfortably living outside the need to get big budget funding from governments, that has been the computer scientist, from way back in the 20th century. While the field of Computer Science is much younger than Physics, Astronomy, Biology, many computer scientists quickly learned to earn big from private enterprise and individualized work, without begging the Kings and their Big Bankers for a loan. Futuristic Science Funding itself through Bitcoin Bitcoin is money for the people, and science has evolved to also be something done as a public good, on an open source plan, by dedicated people who put in their own time and money to make something good happen. As I mentioned, Computer Scientists now exist on the internet who are eagerly improving the Bitcoin ecosystem using the power of collaboration and their earnest efforts. These mostly come from the land of software development and after getting orange-pilled, decide to stay at Bitcoiner-land and build the Bitcoin ecosystem. However, there has not been much of an on-ramp for other types of scientists and this is the opportunity existing, wide open, for anybody to take. Currently, many a scientist in the Bitcoin world is a computer scientist of the type who builds zero-knowledge proofs, rollups, and more layers of the Bitcoin blockchain. But many more scientific people are needed. To re-iterate, I feel more electrical and power engineering scientists should be at the forefront of how Bitcoin mining equipment can provide electricity access to those without, making investments in clean, stranded energy sources much easier to manage. What better job than to be the electric engineer who designs their own job by bringing electricity to your people? Every university student of electrical engineering, whatever the developing country, should learn about this. Because developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are struggling with scaling electricity usage from otherwise cheap energy sources, because of the high premiums that locals just cannot pay. The knowledge of using Bitcoin to subsidize electricity access from stranded energy sources should be spread as far and as widely as possible. Now, as an aspiring quantum information scientist, I feel there is also a place for me in the Bitcoin ecosystem. While the public might know how quantum information science threatens to undo the good that Bitcoin has done by potentially hacking it, I find that building quantum-resistant algorithms is far from scratching the surface of quantum capabilities. For example, quantum technologies could provide for Bitcoin nodes, allowing even weak signals to be successfully transmitted and ensure blocks are mined. better signal sensors Quantum computing could help guide better on how Bitcoin infrastructure could be better set up across nations and continents for optimum usage. solutions in logistics Quantum networks could provide better ways to securely. transmit Bitcoin information Some problems in the Bitcoin ecosystem could be (Bounded-error Quantum Polynomial) problems, which are the purview of quantum information science and these should be discovered and worked on using quantum computers. BQP Most importantly, quantum computers will be orders of magnitude better at mining proof-of-work cryptocurrencies than classical computers. When Bitcoin befriends Quantum Mechanics Moore’s law is coming to an end. IBM has already built transistors with only 5 atoms. To get smaller, it becomes harder to manage thermal noise and other nanoscale problems. To manage thermal noise, even more cooling will be done, the way it is done for qubits. Also, a 1-atom transistor is effectively a qubit. This is the quantum realm, and like it or not, more people will study quantum mechanics in the not-too-distant future, and by extension, quantum computing. The classical computing world can only scale by a multiplicity of the same technology, which will consume even more energy. The efficiency gains of quantum technologies like quantum computers will be needed. While , the science of building qubits is ramping upwards and systems are getting more powerful. There might not be an exponential growth in qubits with their own Moore’s law, but a linear growth in qubits leads to exponential computational power. Which kind of is a Moore’s law! I have said quantum computing is very expensive You remember this graph; If approximately 14 billion dollars in 2023 can bring in (logical qubits are the real qubits as manipulated in mathematical theory), by linear extrapolation, $125 billion by 2030 as seen above will bring in 428 logical qubits. 48 logical qubits But 7 years from now, Bitcoin itself might have ballooned to $200,000 per bitcoin which is a $4.2 trillion market cap. By linear extrapolation, $3 trillion is needed in global investments to take us to 10,000 logical qubits. As we can see, Bitcoin alone can pay for it over a 7-year span. Why 10,000 qubits? My Research Project Over the past three months, I have been studying QCourse551-1 which was offered in a collaboration between QWorld and Classiq Technologies. My research project was Project 11 - Bitcoin Mining using Grover’s Search Algorithm. The motivation for my project came from that shows that 10,000 logical qubits alone can do Bitcoin mining faster than any classical system using the same energy consumption. a research paper This is because 10,000 qubits can encode the full double SHA256 hashing process that goes into mining Bitcoin, but since they use Grover’s search algorithm, they effectively achieve quadratic speed-up by square_root(N) where N is the number of elements to check in an unstructured database. ASICs mining for bitcoins also check an unstructured database of random hashes for the nonce value. The question is, which one is faster? Most ASIC miners today are checking terahashes or For example checks 120TH/s. That is 120 million hashes every second. 1 million hashes every second. this miner Can a quantum computer beat that? Of course. square_root( 120 million) = only 10954 checks per second. A 1,095,400 % efficiency increase. And the more the competition, the more the quantum computer tears ahead in the race. The is rocketing upwards of 600 million million hashes per second. This is outputting enough heat to make climate scientists worried sick. But what if we replaced all those clunky ASICs with state-of-the-art QPUs from the year 2032, how many comparative hashes per second would they clock? square_root( 600 million million) = 24 million checks per second. A . current hash rate 2.4 billion % increase in efficiency If the above is not an attractive proposition, I don’t know what is. Bitcoin should fund quantum computing research. It will take a while, but when it happens, it will be glorious. It will be a more canonical event than the Moon landing. In our research, we were checking a much-simplified system with only 8-bit inputs and outputs, modeled on a Grover’s operator working with under 25 qubits. Given our really low hashing power, the advantages of Grover’s search could not be gleamed first hand, and could only be inferred with a relevant complexity analysis of the runs/depth of the Classical computer (my laptop) vs the depth of our Grover’s circuit executed on the Classiq Aer simulator. While it would have been good to model the energetics and the complexity graph of what this means, unfortunately, we ran out of time. However, we had some deliverables to show for our work. Below is what we had including the depth of each circuit. a) The simplified MD5 classical algorithm We modeled a simplified version of the MD5 (a most primitive cousin of SHA256) hashing 95 printable ASCII characters to find the nonce for hex values with difficulty = 1. Note: Our hex values were only 2-digit because we are working with 8-bit values. So our possible difficulty 1 values are only in 16 possibilities i.e. 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0a, 0b, 0c, 0d, 0e, 0f. 00 is also a difficulty 2 element. Hence the searching/hashing function is called simplified_MD5_8bit_difficulty_1or2. def simplified_MD5_8bit_difficulty_1or2():
 printables_list = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
 for i in printables_list:
 x2 = ord(i)

 x3 = bin(x2)[2:]

 if len(str(x3))==7:
 x4 = x3+'0'
 if len(str(x3))==6:
 x4 = x3+'00'

 x5 = list(x4)

 a0 = 2*int((x5[0]))
 a1 = int(x5[1])

 b0 = 2*int((x5[2]))
 b1 = int(x5[3])

 c0 = 2*int((x5[4]))
 c1 = int(x5[5])

 d0 = 2*int((x5[6]))
 d1 = int(x5[7])

 a = a0 + a1

 b = b0 + b1

 c = c0 + c1

 d = d0 + d1
 
 a = ((d ^ (b & (c ^ d))) + (c ^ (d & (b ^ c))) + (b ^ c ^ d) + (c ^ (b | ~(d))) + b)
 
 print()

 d1 = d//2
 d0 = d%2
 d = d1*(2**7) + d0*(2**6)

 a1 = a//2
 a0 = a%2
 a = a1*(2**5) + a0*(2**4)

 b1 = b//2
 b0 = b%2
 b = b1*(2**3) + b0*(2**2)

 c1 = c//2
 c0 = c%2
 c = c1*(2**1) + c0*(2**0)

 decimal_result = d + a + b + c
 binary_result = bin(decimal_result)[2:]
 print(binary_result)
 hex_result = hex(decimal_result)
 print(hex_result)

 if hex_result == '0x0':
 difficulty_2.append(hex_result)
 collisions_difficulty_2.append(i)
 if hex_result == ('0x1' or '0x2' or '0x3' or '0x4' or '0x5' or '0x6' or '0x7' or '0x8' or '0x9' or '0xa' or '0xb' or '0xc' or '0xd' or '0xe' or '0xf'):
 difficulty_1.append(hex_result)
 collisions_difficulty_1.append(i)

 print('Difficulty_1 list = ',difficulty_1)
 print('Difficulty_2 list = ',difficulty_2)
 print('Colliding inputs for difficulty 1 = ',collisions_difficulty_1)
 print('Colliding inputs for difficulty 2 = ',collisions_difficulty_2)
 
difficulty_2 = []
difficulty_1 = [] 
collisions_difficulty_1 = []
collisions_difficulty_2 = []

import numpy as np
simplified_MD5_8bit_difficulty_1or2() As can be seen, to find the difficulty 1 (and by extension the difficulty 2) elements, we have to reiterate through 40 lines of code (ignoring spaces and printing in the for loop). There are 96 printable ASCII characters to hash and check hence 96 * 40 which gives us a circuit depth of 3840. However, this is run through fast by my laptop. Less than a few seconds. b) The simplified MD5 quantum algorithm We modeled a quantum version of our simplified MD5 algorithm to simulate finding the difficulty 1 nonce values no matter what the input ASCII character to the circuit was. This is possible because all we need is a zero at the beginning of our hex value. Since our hash set was small (only 96 ASCII characters), we tuned the system to ignore the input ASCII value so it is redundant, and to aim to capture all possible zeros given the Arithmetic expression; a == ((d ^ (b & (c ^ d))) + (c ^ (d & (b ^ c))) + (b ^ c ^ d) + (c ^ (b | ~(d))) + b) which is also in the classical Python algorithm. Notice that the 4 functions being added together are derived from the . original MD5 algorithm Since we want difficulty 1 values, we add and to the above function and then synthesize it in the Classiq platform. d = 0 a = 0 (Note: This is a shortcut thanks to the tireless work of the Classiq team. The Python code was also built in the Classiq Python SDK but it had a last-minute glitch. Hence we only have working Python SDK code for the Grover’s operator, but not for the Grover’s operator with a difficulty-1 hash/search, which is what you had to see here ) Hence our input Arithmetic expression is; a == ((d ^ (b & (c ^ d))) + (c ^ (d & (b ^ c))) + (b ^ c ^ d) + (c ^ (b | ~(d))) + b) and d == 0 and a == 0 The resulting circuit has a depth of only 913 The quantum circuit wins! Endnote While the project time ended, our work is still a work in progress, to continue until we build a functional 10,000 qubit quantum bitcoin miner. Voluntary efforts to support us technically are most welcome. Some of our code is still glitchy and we have only scratched the surface of the Classiq platform’s capabilities. An ingenious software tool that takes away the cumbersome tinkering with gates, as would have been needed for anybody building the same project using Qiskit. Special thanks to Classiq and QWorld for the opportunity. And our mentor - Dr. Eyal Cornfeld, for the guidance. ***

Hash Rate Analysis Projections: Why Bitcoin Should Embrace Quantum Information Science

হ্যাশ রেট বিশ্লেষণ অনুমান: কেন বিটকয়েন কোয়ান্টাম তথ্য বিজ্ঞানকে আলিঙ্গন করা উচিত

Prognosen zur Hash-Rate-Analyse: Warum Bitcoin die Quanteninformationswissenschaft nutzen sollte

Proyecciones del análisis de la tasa de hash: por qué Bitcoin debería adoptar la ciencia de la información cuántica

Projections d'analyse du taux de hachage : pourquoi Bitcoin devrait adopter la science de l'information quantique

हैश दर विश्लेषण अनुमान: बिटकॉइन को क्वांटम सूचना विज्ञान को क्यों अपनाना चाहिए

ハッシュレート分析の予測: ビットコインが量子情報科学を採用すべき理由

해시레이트 분석 예측: 비트코인이 양자 정보 과학을 수용해야 하는 이유

Projeções de análise de taxa de hash: por que o Bitcoin deveria adotar a ciência da informação quântica

Прогнозы анализа скорости хэширования: почему Биткойн должен использовать квантовую информатику

Hash Rate Analizi Projeksiyonları: Bitcoin Neden Kuantum Bilgi Bilimini Kucaklamalı?

Dự đoán phân tích tỷ lệ băm: Tại sao Bitcoin nên áp dụng khoa học thông tin lượng tử

哈希率分析预测：为什么比特币应该拥抱量子信息科学

Let's learn about via these 59 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Exchange /Learn Repo 1. How to Install RabbitMQ On the AWS Ec2 Instance This is all about what is RabbitMQ and how to install it on the AWS Ec2 instance. The commands you use for installation. 2. Binance Suffered Major Hack in 2018: KYC Documents of Millions Now Being Leaked Binance, the crown jewel of the cryptocurrency industry was hacked back in late 2018, with the hacker claiming to have the KYC documents of all users. The extent to what data was breached is still not clear, but one thing is for certain: pictures and scans.  And now they're being leaked to the public at an incredibly rate. 3. WTF is Exchange Staking? Introduction 4. How Does Our Exchange Compare to The Established Derivatives Exchanges of Today? We are a new exchange launched in 2020 worldwide offering the ability to trade stock CFDs using Bitcoin. The platform allows traders to use up to 100x leverage on all contracts. The trading interface is beginner-friendly and fairly simple to understand while being responsive. 5. Why DeFi Could Foster the Killer App of Banking The financial system is broken, and no one is coming to save you. Therefore you must learn to make and protect money on your own. 6. How High is the Tide of EU Crypto Assets with MiCA? Discussing upcoming crypto-regulations in the European Union with Stex and Coinify. 7. Basics of RabbitMQ Broker Introduction to RabbitMQ 8. 3 Asian Crypto Exchanges to Watch Out For in 2020 & 2021 Cryptocurrency exchanges are crucial to the blockchain ecosystem, as they create vast pools of demand and supply. They also offer a simple way for people to work with crypto: stories of people accidentally losing their hard drives containing Bitcoin does not happen with Crypto exchanges. 9. How Secondary Listings Affect Coin Prices Purpose of the study: to show how secondary listing changes coin prices. 10. Natural Capital in the Digital Economy: Green Squared Is natural capital boring and obsolete, or an under-served and under-appreciated asset class that will explode in relevance in the future, just as NFTs have? 11. History Rhymes or 5 Arguments for Investing in Commodities I have always considered commodities to be very “trendy” markets. They tend to make large moves up and down, often lacking the fundamental basis behind the swings. 12. "South Koreans were early adopters, with 1 in 3 workers buying Bitcoin" - Ronald Chan Ronald Chan is the CEO of ProBit Exchange Global, a global digital currency trading platform with strong roots in South Korea, that provides a seamless experience for institutional and individual traders. Ronald joins us today to discuss the current crypto scene in South Korea and his personal viewpoints regarding the blockchain market on an international scale 13. Announcement: The KickEX exchange will buy back KickTokens at a price of $0.00015 per token On September 1, 2020 at 12:00 UTC, the KickEX cryptocurrency exchange will buyback KICK tokens (KickToken) worth a total of $100,000 at a price of $0.00015 per token. The buyback will be carried out only on the KickEX exchange and according to specific conditions. 14. Market Maker at 10%: Realized Live Gains, Signal-Based Bots at 1%, 7%! See this post on it's original location, github.io! It’s been a busy few days for me! 15. Fraud Prevention Requires Creative & Analytical Thinking To Stay Two Steps Ahead - Nimrod Lehavi Interview with the co-founder and CEO at Simplex regarding fiat and crypto onboarding and detection of fraud in real-time. 16. Interview With Bryan Seiler on Greedy Banks, turning $150 Into Millions and More Every crypto practitioner has a unique narrative that has brought him or her face-to-face with the realities of the true innovative power of crypto technology. Perhaps, this notion is the reason why the crypto community has stood by the viability of cryptocurrency all through its trying times. As such, the crypto space has evolved into a network of mavericks who are not only tech-savvy but have learned to appreciate and nurture the business side of the crypto economy. 17. WTF are Exchange Utility Tokens? Last month one of the leading centralized exchanges (CEX) in the world, OKEx have decided to burn 700 million unissued OKB, the exchange’s utility token. The OKEx management also revealed that no more additional issuance of the utility token in the future, making the digital asset deflationary and the first of its kind that is fully circulated. 18. Fintechs and the Stock-Based Loan Market Today, companies that use stock-based lending to finance their businesses generally borrow at higher costs than if they used traditional debt financing. 19. In Crypto Patience Is Not Always a Virtue Sell and take profit or hold off in expectation of more profits? In the crypto space, the impatient (mostly) wins 20. Decentralized Indices Passive exposure to cryptoassets 21. The Problem With CeFi Exchanges & Why We Need DeFi Now More Than Ever Too many are taking the collapse of FTX (a CeFi exchange) as a shake up their belief in DeFi. Simplifying the meltdown and why we need DeFi now more than ever. 22. The UK's Economic Outlook for 2023 Currently, the UK economy is living through tough times. 23. How to Earn Profit on Crowd-sourced Automated Trading Communities 24. Normie Series: What Is a DEX and How Does It Work? DEX Decentralized Exchange 25. A Trader’s Review of the Nominex Cryptocurrency Exchange Hello everyone, I’m Edward, I live in Ireland and I have over 10 years of trading cryptocurrency wins and losses under my belt. I was completely inexperienced when I started trading Bitcoin, some were back-breaking losses even, I won't lie, but some were amazing wins. I’m willing to share my experience and share some hints and tricks I learned recently 26. Applying Statistical Analysis to Intraday Forex Trading Using SQL Statistical Analysis, Intraday Forex Trading, Using SQL 27. Why Every Crypto Enthusiast Should Use a Cold Wallet Cold wallets aren't a perfect fit for every crypto user or every situation, but they're inherently and objectively superior to hot wallets in most ways. 28. 1 in 2 Crypto Users is a Referral Program Participant Of almost 500 subjects in the latest KickAcademy (that is Kick Ecosystem's innovative institute) survey made up of Blockchain insiders, crypto traders, and investors, roughly half are referral program participants who consider these programs a good source of passive income. 29. Leader's Speak : Chris Schneider, CMO of Sky.io [Interview] This week have with us Chris Schneider, CMO of Sky.io, a newly launch crypto asset trading platform based out of Singapore. Chris joins me today to discuss the current crypto scene in Singapore and his personal viewpoints regarding the blockchain market on an international scale 30. Exchange coins as the new black: why they are in trend In 2017 Binance became the first cryptocurrency exchange to hold an ICO, raising $15 million. Consequently, they created a native Binance Coin (BNB). Now BNB ranks #7 by market capitalization, while its price surged from $19.15 to over of $38 as on June 23, 2019, just in a month time, from May to June. Exchanges’ native cryptocurrencies are getting more and more trendy among the platforms — nearly 90 exchanges have their own coins, including Huobi, Kucoin, BTCNEXT, Bibox, and OKEx. 31. Fighting Fraud: How to Better Protect Your Exchange Held Assets? Since the emergence of cryptocurrencies, they have been linked with fraud and crime, the anonymous nature of accounts has enabled criminals to use them to transfer funds and launder their profits. 32. The Current State and Future of Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs) have undergone a significant evolution since the debut of NXT Asset Exchange, one of the pioneer DEXs to launch in 2014. 33. Writing John McAfee’s Tombstone with John McAfee Do we get to choose the inscription on our tombstone? One person I know for sure that succeeded in doing just that was the comedian Spike Milligan, author of the popular 1950s UK Goon Show. He famously wrote Dúirt mé leat go raibh mé breoite or I told you I was sick on his gravestone, ever funny to the end. In fact, when legendary singer and close friend Harry Secombe died before him, Spike remarked he was glad as he didn’t want Harry to sing at his funeral. The last laugh was on Spike because they still played a song from his late friend anyway at Spike’s memorial service. 34. Every HNWI should buy Bitcoin Do you own more than $1 million in assets? Then you’re amongst the one percentile of the world’s population most susceptible to market crises. 35. Latest Binance Lawsuit Is Every Crypto-Exchange User’s Nightmare On March 30, the Block broke the news that Binance is involved in yet another legal dispute. This time, the lawsuit was filed by a former employee, Steven Cody Reynolds, who accuses the exchange of confiscating nearly $300k in crypto following a heated disagreement. 36. 3 Price Mechanisms for Marketplaces Marketplaces 37. "DeFi is One of The Most Progressive And Enticing Industries to Date" - Katherine Deng During the three years of DeFi's existence, this year it rematerialized stronger than ever before. Many other platforms aim to reach the gates of DeFi with exuberant yield farming projects in progress, thus revolutionizing traditional users' operations and introducing other comforts into daily life. 38. Institutional Investors Are FINALLY Giving DeFi The Attention It Deserves Excitably, I FINALLY get to announce that institutions are pouring nearly 58 million dollars a week into Bitcoin! Oh, and Jr over there, Ethereum is seeing nearly $10M/USD in trades, weekly. 39. Differences Between Bitcoin Payment Processing Providers accepting payments in cryptocurrencies and which crypto processing services are most suitable for their business goals 40. Libra Starts the End of Public Chains In my previous article (So Many Public Chains, So Few Dapps), I pointed it out that too many public chains was one of the reasons that there were so few Dapps. App developers really do not want to develop their apps for so many blockchains. 41. Coinbase Innovator’s Dilemma: From Exchange to Broker This quote from Brian Armstrong holds the clue to an under appreciated threat to Coinbase. 42. The Uniswap DEX: A Comprehensive Review Welcome to my new series “A Comprehensive Guide to” where each time I cover a new topic in-depth while trying to keep things simple. 43. The Ultimate Guide to Listing at Crypto Exchanges Introduction 44. Tax Calculations and Cryptocurrencies: An Overview I would be prepared to wager that many people who bought cryptocurrencies, never thought about any tax considerations. It is unsurprising that the tax authorities are ahead of the crypto owners, because they see plenty of new income for their coffers. 45. Ensuring Token Appreciation: Reflections on the Exchange Equation One of the keys behind a good tokenomics strategy is that a token should appreciate in value. In my article and paper about tokenomics auditing, I explained how 46. Overview of the Innovative Features Brought to Financial Markets by Level01 It has become common knowledge that blockchain has immense disruptive power that allows it to push a multifaceted narrative that seems to encapsulate the entirety of the global market, especially the financial markets. While this is a given, very few startups have successfully implemented blockchain solutions targeted at a large demographic and are poised to take on a financial sector that is traditionally known to thrive on intermediate services. 47. The yet another Asian story - ICO Scam Disclaimer: This article was posted on JUNE 11, 2019. The Story of Bitsdaq 48. CZ's AMA Responses To My Questions On Binance Scaling Challenges I’ve been in and out of the blockchain ecosystem for the last three years. I’ve made my first purchase the same month Binance launched. In the meantime, I’ve gained a CoinMarketCap compulsive checking behavior after holding a bag through the last crypto winter. 49. Cryptocurrency Security Threats: Lessons from Top Exchange Hacks The digital nature of Bitcoin makes it vulnerable to hacking. 50. Crypto Market vs Stock Market: Exploring an Interesting Relationship There are several camps in the market. One is trying to separate completely from the so-called "funds", and the other is working with an eye on it. But no matter how hard we try to fence ourselves off, the connection between them exists. To correctly illuminate it, I will describe in this text my vision of this issue. 51. “BTC can reach $50k with support resting around $22-27k” says STEX Exchange Founder There are three hot topics in the crypto space which everybody talks about: BTC price rocketing, arrests and investigations against big market players because of lack of AML-compliance and, of course, DeFi. 52. Top Reasons People Succeed In The Exchange Rate API Industry When it comes to finance and trade, the currency is a crucial component. Businesses that deal with foreign marketplaces require up-to-date information on currencies and their quickly fluctuating values. 53. FTX : The Fastest Moving Derivatives Exchange FTX is one of the most rapidly growing exchanges, swiftly making a reputation for itself by rapidly adding new services. Click through for FTX Exchange Review. 54. Top 50 Crypto Exchanges to Trade Your Cryptocurrencies in 2021 According to data from coinmarketcap.com, there are over 4,900 cryptocurrencies in existence today. They operate in over 20,000 markets, with over 300 registered cryptocurrency exchanges. 55. How Looking for The One Perfect Crypto Exchange Made Me Lose Faith in All About six months ago, I decided it was high time for me to seriously get involved in cryptocurrency trading. I’m not a full-time trader, but I do consider myself a skilled trader on the foreign exchange markets. I’ve done quite well for myself over the years (regardless of my ups and downs), but I wanted a new challenge. A trading experience different than what I’d ever had before. Crypto trading promised me that challenge. 56. 5 Centralized Cryptocurrency Exchanges to Look Out for in 2023 Five crypto exchanges to look out for in 2023. 57. How Tornado Cash Helped Hackers Launder Money in 2022 Sanctioning Tornado Cash obviously wasn't enough! 58. Stablecoins Will Change the Way You Approach Cross-Border Payments It takes an average of $13 to send $200 to another country and three to five business days to complete a transaction. 59. 10+ Best Crypto & Bitcoin Exchanges Traders Loves [Apr'21 Upd.] Learn about the best cryptocurrency exchanges in 2021. It compares each platform using their charges, safety, verification process, P2P support, available crypt Thank you for checking out the 59 most read stories about Exchange on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

59 Stories To Learn About Exchange

183 Stories To Learn About Crypto Exchange

114 Stories To Learn About Btc

October was an excellent month for crypto markets. Bitcoin rose 29% in October, bringing returns on the original cryptocurrency to 109% for the year. Ethereum was up almost 10% for October, and the long-sleeping Solana jumped 77% for the month. Yes, up 77% in a MONTH. Whilst Bitcoin went up, we also saw some sharp drops in the $hitcoin market, including 53% drop for Wall Street Memes, 44% loss for Shiba Saga and a 29% loss for the ironically named SafeMoon. The selling of junk to buy quality made us almost feel that the crypto markets were starting to mature… and then we saw that ridiculous and useless frog-faced memecoin PEPE v2 was up 642% for the month. Remember when NFTs shot up like a rocket, then crashed 99%? Some markets do ‘ave ‘em… As market regulations get closer, we feel junk coins may sink, and there will be a flight to quality. Stay tuned to watch what happens to most altcoins when they have to become registered, audited and counted for tax, just like traditional fund managers… we predict that when regulations are finalised, 80% or more of the altcoins will disappear. If you have any memecoins, $hitcoins or jokecoins, it may be a good idea to take profits while you can.. Spoiler Alert: Regulations are incoming After many reissues and redrafts, the . The document states that firms undertaking crypto asset activities must now be authorised by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority. The authorisation will include a stipulation for crypto exchanges to create detailed requirements for admission standards and mandate disclosures when listing new assets. Treasury states that DeFi will be addressed at a future date. UK Treasury has released its final proposal for crypto asset regulation If you have not been following the crypto news, or if you missed our , , , the or , then you may be unaware that many major financial institutions are applying for Bitcoin ETFs or exchange-traded funds. ETF updates here our ETF price prediction from six months ago here ETF update here $400 000 price prediction here the 300% charting forecast here In the $400 000 price prediction link above, we commented on the hypocrisy of the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) in the USA, and the fact that the US government was missing out on innovation (and income!) whilst other regions such as the UK, EU and Asia were much friendlier to crypto companies. The US Court of Appeals heard last month’s case between Grayscale and the SEC, and decided that the SEC was wrong and capricious when declining the BTC ETF application. The , thus laying the path for possible approval of several Bitcoin ETFs in the next 90 days. SEC has stated that they will not contest the court's decision The SEC had previously stated their “come one, come all” philosophy; if one Bitcoin ETF were to be approved, then they would approve all other complying applicants on the same day. This would mean that no institution received an unfair advantage by being able to accept funds before anyone else. Theoretically, we could see Bitcoin ETFs launched by Blackrock, Fidelity, Grayscale, ARK Invest, Wisdom Tree and half a dozen others, all on the same day. What do you think will happen when ten new storefronts open to sell a simple way into crypto, and there is a severely limited supply? (For a hint, refer to what happened when an . After having sat flat for almost thirty years, the gold price rockets up over 300%, at the exact time when the new ETF was introduced.) ETF was created to allow a simplified way for people to buy gold We cannot guarantee that the Bitcoin price will rise 300% when a slew of ETFs appear on the market, but we will say that a higher demand with a low supply generally makes prices go up. There will be other factors pushing prices up, and those who want to sell for a profit and crystallise some gains may cause prices to drop after a rise, so we could see a saw-tooth pattern with a few sharp drops on the way up. Crypto from your financial planner? If you have dealt with a financial planner (FP) or financial adviser (FA) in the last few years, you may know that some are independent, and some are bonded. For example, the planner inside Westpac could only recommend products that were branded Westpac or BT (as Westpac owned BT). The planner inside CommBank could only recommend products from CommBank or Colonial (as CBA owned Colonial). Ditto for ANZ and OnePath, NAB and MLC, and AMP and AMP. This may have seemed like a conflict of interest, as the financial planner would not necessarily recommend the “best” product for you, but just the best one that they happened to have on hand. We could compare this to any other product or service provider. If you visit the Toyota dealer, they will not recommend you buy a Ford, and the person in the Ferrari showroom will not tell you to buy a Lamborghini. For a truly independent point of view, you must visit an independent financial planner (or an independent car broker). It has been an industry standard for decades that your financial adviser would receive an upfront payment for placing your investment, as well as an ongoing payment for monitoring the investment and keeping you appraised of any changes required. This could be compared to the car dealership making a few dollars when you first buy the car, and then a few dollars every year when you have it serviced. Up until now, financial advisers, accountants and other financial professionals have not been able to charge clients for advising them on cryptocurrency, nor placing crypto investments or monitoring them. This meant an absolute dearth of financial advice around crypto: why would a professional adviser give crypto advice if they are not being paid for it? With the advent of Bitcoin ETFs, Ethereum ETFs and other crypto-ETFs to follow, crypto will become a regulated financial asset. That means that your financial adviser can start charging you for crypto advice, crypto placement and crypto monitoring. And then, all of a sudden, everything changes. We shared a post on , showing that over 80% of financial advisers have had clients ask about crypto, and almost 25% of financial advisers own crypto in their own name. Still, less than 10% of advisers put their clients into crypto. LinkedIn a while back There is a possibility that the advisers do not recommend crypto to the other 70% of clients because crypto is unregulated (for now), and/or crypto has no ongoing adviser payments (for now) crypto regulations are already in place in a few countries and will swiftly arrive in all the others. Adviser payments will follow regulation as the cart follows the ox. Recommendations will be made to clients who are seeking higher-risk and higher-reward investments. Demand for crypto will increase, and with a limited supply, prices should rise dramatically. Again, we cannot promise 300% gains like when the gold ETF was issued, but we are cautiously optimistic of more double-digit returns in crypto as the ETFs roll out. But wait… The perfect storm If upcoming regulations, ETFs and crypto-planners were not going to be exciting enough for you, here’s a little more fuel for your rockets. All of these events will happen around the time of the next Bitcoin halving. We have spoken of the Bitcoin halving (or “halvening”) several times, , , , and . Without labouring the point, when something becomes twice as scarce, Economics 101 tells us it should become twice as valuable. here here here here This math is not always perfect: when Bitcoin became twice as scarce in 2012, the price rose not by 100% but over 1000%. When Bitcoin mining rewards halved again in 2016 and BTC became twice as scarce, the price did not rise by 100% but almost 3000%. The previous Bitcoin halving event in early 2020 saw not a 100% gain but a completely fantastical 1000% gain. Of course, after these massive run-ups, the BTC price did crash somewhat, but a 3000% gain followed by a 60% crash is still a net positive result (even if it feels tough on the blood pressure!) There is a slim possibility that we will see a perfectly rational market, and the Bitcoin price will react to the next halvening event by only doubling its price to match the doubling of its scarcity. However, based on past market history (histrionics?), it is more probable that the Bitcoin price will massively overshoot its target before scaling back to normality. Grab your popcorn and stay tuned. Quick updates: Do as we say, not as we do: We reported that legendary investor Warren Buffett has been making money from crypto in private, despite him insulting it in public. this year. on Facebook Buffett’s investment in crypto-friendly Nubank is up 73% exchange and will allow crypto custody services for its banking clients. Thailand’s fourth largest bank has just paid $100M for a crypto https://blockworks.co/news/thailand-bank-stake-crypto-exchange Swiss bank Sygnum offers crypto purchasing, crypto custody/storage and staking of ETH, ADA, ATOM, ICP and XTZ for its clients. https://www.sygnum.com/digital-asset-banking/staking/ Large Swiss bank SEBA is also allowing ETH staking for their customers https://forkast.news/seba-bank-ethereum-staking-services/ If your friends wonder if crypto is a fad or is here to stay, let them know that the banks are stepping in. It’s all Greek to me (or how to sound smart at parties) There is a lot of jargon in investment circles. In addition to acronyms such as ASX, NASDAQ, DJIA, PEG, NTA and fancy words for income ( ), pointy-headed investment boffins also like to use Greek words. (Maybe the lawyers used all the good Latin words?) rent, yield, dividend, premium You may have heard of , which is outperformance. If the broad market returned 10% and XYZ investment returned 12%, it has a 2% alpha. All investors want to beat the average, so they all seek alpha… but Alpha There is also , which is volatility, or ups and downs. Assume that XYZ investment returned 12% whilst the market went up 10% (2% alpha). Imagine that the broad market made 10% by going up 15% and down 5%, which is common enough. Now imagine that XYZ made its 12% by rocketing up 45% and then dropping 33%; that is a little scarier. Beta A beta of 1 is the same as the average market. A beta of 0.5 means the investment is only half as volatile as the average market, which is reassuring for those who like lower risk. A beta of 3 means that the investment has three times as much up, and three times as much down as the average market. For example, if the market goes up by 10%, XYZ could zoom up 30%. Also the reverse: if the market drops 10%, XYZ could drop 30%. Whilst investors all want additional alpha, they usually want to minimise beta. Great returns with less rollercoaster; that is the dream 😊 For those who want to get super complex, yes, there are more Greek letters in investment circles, such as (and 20+ more letters we won’t go into today). Gamma (or ‘short gamma’) in the last month. This is fancy Greek terminology for “there is not enough Bitcoin to go around”. Bitcoin has been facing a Gamma Squeeze Traders can buy or sell options contracts for an asset (e.g. Bitcoin) at any time. Whenever that happens, the entities that offer options contracts take the opposite side of the trades. This is called “gamma hedging”, and market makers do this by buying/selling the underlying asset (e.g. BTC) as prices move. Recently there has been huge demand for Bitcoin call options, as traders expect prices to rise. As prices increase, market makers need to buy more BTC to hedge and maintain their position. The result is something called a “gamma squeeze” (like a ). short squeeze BTC prices go up → so market makers need to buy BTC → which pushes BTC prices higher → forcing market makers to buy more BTC → so BTC prices go even higher → leading to big green candles. Many believe that this is part of the reason why Bitcoin saw such a big pump last week. Wall Street Analysts think it could happen again soon. According to , head of research at Galaxy Digital, said on Twitter, “if BTC moves higher than US$35 750, options dealers will need to buy $20m in BTC for every 1% upside move, which could cause explosive (price rises) if we begin to move up towards those levels.” Alex Thorne As Bitcoin is already up almost 30% for the month and over 100% for the year, any gamma squeezes that require Wall Street to buy more Bitcoin is great news for those who are already in, and good news for those who get in before regulators and financial planners open the floodgates. WARNING: with institutional inflows of funds comes institutional behaviour and institutional algorithms. This next year could be the very last of the crazy crypto gains where prices rocket up 300% to 1000% or more. The reason is that large institutions often use algorithms, formulas or artificial intelligence to trade. For example, if prices on an investment drop more than 10%, the computer can buy, driving prices back up. If prices rise by over 20%, the computer can automatically sell, driving prices back down. The reason that crypto has had crazy rises of 3000% and crazy drops of 80% is because crypto has been traded by emotional or irrational humans and not unfeeling robots. Gains and dips in the stock market are generally no more than 10-20% in a single day due largely to automated trading. When automation comes to crypto, prices may be far more stable than we have ever seen before. Gains and losses may become more in line with the stock market averages of 10-20% per year. [ ] You have now been warned. How did we go this month? Bostoncoin In addition to the gains made by BTC, ETH and SOL mentioned in the first paragraph, we have seen some nice action in the altcoins and look forward to more. XRP            up 127% Litecoin      up 125% Assemble   up 119% As at Oct 31 2023 BOS NAV    USD 46.7181896 BOS Price   USD 51.3900086 BOS NAV    AUD 67.8335743 BOS Price   AUD 74.6169318 The Bostoncoin portfolio has a 53% gain for the year, 166% gain over three years and 197% gain for the past five years. There have been some dips along the way, but consistency and persistence always pay off. DARTcoin Now that you have learned about Beta, you will know why the DARTcoin outperforms in and drags the chain in .  For those who have the patience and the intestinal fortitude, you could consider a small amount in the unhedged DARTcoin fund, noting that it is far higher risk than the more balanced and comparatively conservative Bostoncoin fund. bull markets bear markets Thorchain  up 556% Render       up 460% TRON          up 152% Fantom       up 109% As at Oct 31 2023 DART NAV AUD 94.4308824 DART Price AUD 103.873971 DART NAV USD 60.4357647 DART Price USD 66.4793412 The DARTcoin portfolio has only been around two years versus the Bostoncoin seven-year history. Year-to-date gains are 134%. We are focusing forward on what the next altcoin season will bring. Share the love and win big Please share the love by sharing this post with a friend. If you are not motivated to help your friends make great returns whilst learning more about crypto, we will not assume that you are a terrible person; no judgment. We can assume you may need to be bribed with an exclusive Bostoncoin umbrella... A quality folding brolly, the same size as a thin water bottle, the Bostoncoin umbrella will fit easily into a handbag, briefcase or backpack. Easily compared to a Davek brolly that retails at $169, the Bostoncoin umbrella will protect you from sunburn on a clear day, save you from soaked hair on a wet day and can also be used to (if you happen to be Sean Connery). destroy enemy aircraft To get your hands on the best-looking protection for your best-looking asset, be sure to share the newsletter link, add the hashtag #Bostoncoin and tag @TradingBoston on Twitter (X) or @BostonTradingInc on Facebook (META). We will give ten umbrellas to random people who correctly follow the sharing instructions. Good luck! If your crypto-curious friends do not like to read, and prefer to watch videos, and tell them to watch the first 15 minutes. This is a very simplified overview of how to make money in crypto, and comparing Bitcoin to the gold rush and gold mining days of old. send them this link We are happy to do more “bite-sized” 15-minute live updates followed by 15 minutes of Q&A; your demand will lead this, so . We will create a webinar based on your questions and requests. reach out and ask JB

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