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Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex by Sigmund Freud, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION The somewhat famous "Three Essays," which Dr. Brill is here bringing to the attention of an English-reading public, occupy—brief as they are—an important position among the achievements of their author, a great investigator and pioneer in an important line. It is not claimed that the facts here gathered are altogether new. The subject of the sexual instinct and its aberrations has long been before the scientific world and the names of many effective toilers in this vast field are known to every student. When one passes beyond the strict domains of science and considers what is reported of the sexual life in folkways and art-lore and the history of primitive culture and in romance, the sources of information are immense. Freud has made considerable additions to this stock of knowledge, but he has done also something of far greater consequence than this. He has worked out, with incredible penetration, the part which this instinct plays in every phase of human life and in the development of human character, and has been able to establish on a firm footing the remarkable thesis that psychoneurotic illnesses never occur with a perfectly normal sexual life. Other sorts of emotions contribute to the result, but some aberration of the sexual life is always present, as the cause of especially insistent emotions and repressions. The instincts with which every child is born furnish desires or cravings which must be dealt with in some fashion. They may be refined ("sublimated"), so far as is necessary and desirable, into energies of other sorts—as happens readily with the play-instinct—or they may remain as the source of perversions and inversions, and of cravings of new sorts substituted for those of the more primitive kinds under the pressure of a conventional . The symptoms of the functional psychoneuroses represent, after a fashion, some of these distorted attempts to find a substitute for the imperative cravings born of the sexual instincts, and their form often depends, in part at least, on the peculiarities of the sexual life in infancy and early childhood. It is Freud's service to have investigated this inadequately chronicled period of existence with extraordinary acumen. In so doing he made it plain that the "perversions" and "inversions," which reappear later under such striking shapes, belong to the normal sexual life of the young child and are seen, in veiled forms, in almost every case of nervous illness. civilization It cannot too often be repeated that these discoveries represent no fanciful deductions, but are the outcome of rigidly careful observations which any one who will sufficiently prepare himself can verify. Critics fret over the amount of "sexuality" that Freud finds evidence of in the histories of his patients, and assume that he puts it there. But such criticisms are evidences of misunderstandings and proofs of ignorance. Freud had learned that the amnesias of hypnosis and of hysteria were not absolute but relative and that in covering the lost memories, much more, of unexpected sort, was often found. Others, too, had gone as far as this, and stopped. But this investigator determined that nothing but the absolute impossibility of going further should make him cease from urging his patients into an inexorable scrutiny of the unconscious regions of their memories and thoughts, such as never had been made before. Every species of forgetfulness, even the forgetfulness of childhood's years, was made to yield its hidden stores of knowledge; dreams, even though apparently absurd, were found to be interpreters of a varied class of thoughts, active, although repressed as out of harmony with the selected life of consciousness; layer after layer, new sets of motives underlying motives were laid bare, and each patient's interest was strongly enlisted in the task of learning to know in order more truly and wisely to "sublimate" himself. Gradually other workers joined patiently in this laborious undertaking, which now stands, for those who have taken pains to comprehend it, as by far the most important movement in psychopathology. himself It must, however, be recognized that these essays, of which Dr. Brill has given a translation that cannot but be timely, concern a subject which is not only important but unpopular. Few physicians read the works of v. Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Moll, and others of like sort. The remarkable volumes of Havelock Ellis were refused publication in his native England. The sentiments which inspired this hostile attitude towards the study of the sexual life are still active, though growing steadily less common. One may easily believe that if the facts which Freud's truth-seeking researches forced him to recognize and to publish had not been of an unpopular sort, his rich and abundant contributions to observational psychology, to the significance of dreams, to the etiology and therapeutics of the psychoneuroses, to the interpretation of mythology, would have won for him, by universal acclaim, the same recognition among all physicians that he has received from a rapidly increasing band of followers and colleagues. May Dr. Brill's translation help toward this end. There are two further points on which some comments should be made. The first is this, that those who conscientiously desire to learn all that they can from Freud's remarkable contributions should not be content to read any one of them alone. His various publications, such as "The Selected Papers on Hysteria and Other Psychoneuroses," "The Interpretation of Dreams," "The Psychopathology of Everyday Life," "Wit and its Relation to Unconscious," the analysis of the case of the little boy called Hans, the study of Leonardo da Vinci, and the various short essays in the four Sammlungen kleiner Schriften, not only all hang together, but supplement each other to a remarkable extent. Unless a course of study such as this is undertaken many critics may think various statements and inferences in this volume to be far fetched or find them too obscure for comprehension. [1] [2] [3] the [4] [4a] The other point is the following: One frequently hears the psychoanalytic method referred to as if it was customary for those practicing it to exploit the sexual experiences of their patients and nothing more, and the insistence on the details of the sexual life, presented in this book, is likely to emphasize that notion. But the fact is, as every thoughtful inquirer is aware, that the whole progress of civilization, whether in the individual or the race, consists largely in a "sublimation" of infantile instincts, and especially certain portions of the sexual instinct, to other ends than those which they seemed designed to serve. Art and poetry are fed on this fuel and the evolution of character and mental force is largely of the same origin. All the forms which this sublimation, or the abortive attempts at sublimation, may take in any given case, should come out in the course of a thorough psychoanalysis. It is not the sexual life alone, but every interest and every motive, that must be inquired into by the physician who is seeking to obtain all the data about the patient, necessary for his reeducation and his cure. But all the thoughts and emotions and desires and motives which appear in the man or woman of adult years were once crudely represented in the obscure instincts of the infant, and among these instincts those which were concerned directly or indirectly with the sexual emotions, in a wide sense, are certain to be found in every case to have been the most important for the end-result. JAMES J. PUTNAM. BOSTON, August 23, 1910. : Translated by A.A. Brill, NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE MONOGRAPH SERIES, NO. 4. Note 1 : Translated by A.A. Brill, The Macmillan Co., New York, and Allen & Unwin, London. Note 2 : Translated by A.A. Brill, The Macmillan Co., New York. Note 3 : Translated by A.A. Brill, Moffatt, Yard & Co., New York. Note 4 : Translated by A.A. Brill, Moffatt, Yard & Co., New York. Note 4a About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Sigmund Freud (2005). Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14969/pg14969-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION

FBI and the War on Cybercrime: What Really Happened

As artificial intelligence becomes more and more integrated into our workplace and daily life, it will fundamentally disrupt the way we live and work. A recent survey of 5,700 alumni found that even in the elite group, 52% believe that the number of employees in general companies will decrease in the three years from now. Harvard Business School The advent of artificial intelligence has created new and unique challenges for business leaders. They need to continue their financial performance while making significant investments in recruitment, workforce training, and new technologies to increase productivity. These seemingly competitive business goals can lead to difficult decisions for leaders. In this context, the empirical research recently conducted by the team at the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab has provided us with a new perspective, letting people understand how work is changing in the face of artificial intelligence. The study found that can create a new path for leaders who are committed to adjusting labour and capital redistribution while achieving profitability. artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence is a new technology that predicts future needs and advises users. For business leaders, artificial intelligence may improve employee productivity by taking on management tasks, providing better pricing recommendations to sellers, and simplifying the recruitment process. For business leaders who are leading the AI ​​workforce transformation, the key to unlocking productive potential while achieving business goals lies in three strategies: rebalancing resources, redistributing labour investment, and advancing education and lifelong learning on a larger scale New model. Solution 1: Reallocate Capital Resources Artificial intelligence will change jobs by rebalancing and reorganizing careers. Although career change is slow, years or even decades, the reorganization of tasks is much faster. Image Source: Photo by Diane Helentjaris on Unsplash Work is essentially a collection of tasks. When workers work in all walks of life, it is what they do that creates value. As technology advances, some existing tasks will be replaced by artificial intelligence and machine learning. But research shows that only 2.5% of jobs include tasks suitable for a high proportion of machine learning, including guides, lobby attendants, and ticket inspectors because the main task of this type of job is to verify ticket credentials and only allow authorized people. Most tasks will still be done by humans, whether they are artisans like plumbers, electricians, and carpenters, or those who need industry knowledge for design or analysis. New tasks will emerge, requiring workers to exercise new skills. As this shift occurs, business leaders will need to reallocate capital accordingly. Widespread adoption of artificial intelligence may require additional R & D expenditures and temporarily eliminate the value that employees create from work. More broadly, wages and other forms of compensation need to reflect changes in the value of tasks across the entire organizational structure. Studies have shown that as technology reduces the cost of certain tasks (because they can be partially performed by artificial intelligence), the value that workers bring to the remaining tasks also increases. For example, in high-paying business and finance industries, the salary for jobs requiring industry knowledge increased by an average of more than $ 6,000 between 2010 and 2017. By comparison, during this period, the average pay for manufacturing and production tasks fell by more than $ 5,000. As continues to reshape its work, business leaders who notice this shift will stand out. artificial intelligence Solution 2: Invest in Workforce Training Today's companies are not only responsible for achieving shareholder value, but also actively influence stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, communities, and employees. In addition, investment in talent and other stakeholders is increasingly critical to achieving long-term financial performance. These expectations are reflected in certain statements about corporate governance, emphasizing the company's obligation to train and educate employees in support of training and education that helps develop new skills for a rapidly changing world. According to a recent study, within the next three years, millions of workers will need to undergo retraining or remodeling due to artificial intelligence. As the value of intelligence, skills, insight, and other unique attributes rises, executives and managers also need to prepare employees for the future by developing and improving interpersonal skills such as judgment, creativity, and communication skills. Solution 3: Learn for the Future Today As artificial intelligence expands within and , innovators and business leaders have a responsibility to understand not only its impact on internal business processes but also its impact on society. across industries In addition to investing in retraining within the organization, managers should work with policymakers and other stakeholders to support education and vocational training and encourage investment in training and reeducation programs for all. Studies have shown that technology affects the demand and income potential of middle-income workers, leading to a squeeze on the middle class. We found that out of every 5 tasks from middle-income jobs, 4 went to low-paid jobs and 1 went to high-paid jobs. As a result, wages are growing faster in the lower and higher income brackets than in the middle-income brackets. New education models and continuous learning can help address the growing skills gap and provide opportunities for the middle class, students and many mid-career professionals. Investment in all forms of education is key, community colleges, online learning, apprenticeships, and more. Fundamental economic transformation has never been easier for workers to rethink upgrading skills, changing work methods, or for leaders to rethink resource allocation, labour training, and so on. But if artificial intelligence improves our work and living standards, senior leaders must prepare for the challenges ahead.

Is AI Really Disrupting the Way We Live and Work?

Cryptocurrencies have come a long way, and the way that they are exchanged has come even further. When you think back on the stages we went through, starting with the first official exchange (the now defunct bitcoinmarket.com) and moving eventually to the diverse market we have today, it is fair to say that the current market shadows that of the already existing forex and stock markets around the world. A huge achievement for a type of currency that many people still know little to nothing about. With each passing year, crypto markets see even more growth and development — which is why 2020  is set to be far more different than 2019. Trading platforms carrying us into 2020 As we enter a new year we should remember what has brought us here, and how important each step along the way was to help us build the current platforms we stand on. The ability for cryptocurrencies to be bought with an app in your pocket while you’re on the train heading to work, often in the same app where traditional stocks are offered, is fantastic. When Coinbase first launched in 2012 it worked long and hard to not only bring awareness of cryptocurrencies to the average user but also brought accessibility unheard of in the past.The trail that Coinbase worked so hard to blaze  has been taken up by many other contenders, oftentimes by companies who realized that adapting quickly to changing circumstances is crucial in the ever-shifting cryptoasset landscape. Let’s take a look at some of the top market players (they are all similar, so we will rank them alphabetically) to get an idea of where the market currently is: Just as cryptocurrencies have been influenced by traditional markets, it makes sense for traditional market companies to diversify their services into the world of cryptocurrencies. As the two markets grow more similar, companies like eToro continue to excel at providing customers seamless trading experiences in both markets. eToro combines a social experience with trading, allowing you to copy individual traders while you learn more about trading yourself through the eToro Copy Trader feature and their Education section. Additionally, trading on eToro is a breeze with nearly 2,000 stocks, commodities, currencies and EFTs and crypto assets available. Overall, eToro has been around since 2007, is demonstrably safe, and is definitely upping the ante for 2020 with new tools and markets. Markets.com’s new platform to engage more users, MarketX offers a clean design and is easy to use — even for beginners. This platform has a lot to offer in regards to features, including webinars, educational videos, and extensive market analysis tools all within the platform itself. New users will also be put at ease while using MarketX knowing that the company was founded in 1999 and has multiple licenses across Tier-1, Tier-2, and Tier-3. Additionally, more than 2,000 CFDs make this a great platform to use for veteran and amateur traders alike. eToro MarketsX Using Plus500 requires that you know everything about trading already. Considering that more than 76% of users who trade CFDs on the website report losing money, chances are those users could do with a bit of reeducation on the topic. Additionally, Plus500 has anti-scalping protocols that may trigger when positions are opened and closed within 2 minutes — a big flag for day traders to avoid. On the flip side, though, Plus500 has low trading fees and is licensed and available in more than 50 countries around the world. Plus500 When it comes to XTB, it is apparent to anyone who has used the site that CFD trading is where the brand’s major focus is. Fast and mostly free deposits and withdrawals, combined with easy and quick account opening, means you can be trading CFDs in little to no time at all. Additionally, the combined low forex and low stock index CFD fees (not to mention a lack of inactivity fees) make XTB a great place to get your feet wet. Just be aware that high fees do exist on the site, primarily for stock CFDs, and some customers complain that customer support can be a bit lacking when problems arise.Without a doubt, modern crypto traders have their pick of the litter when it comes to selecting the trading platform that best fits their needs. As those needs grow and change, a platform that grows alongside them is crucial for both the traders and the success of the platform. One exciting tool that we are seeing in these platforms, especially eToro, is the ability to copy traders that are already having success on the market. XTB “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery.” Charles Caleb Colton, English Cleric Copy trading - why you need it Remember all those times you’ve seen articles by traders claiming they made X% over the years while trading crypto, and then they list their top 5 trading tips for you to use on your own? But what if you have a full-time job, or you get too emotional while trading, or you don’t want to monitor the markets 24/7? That’s where copy trading comes into play.In short, copy trading is exactly how it sounds, you literally copy a trader, trade-for-trade, in real time as they are making their trades. This is done through a trading platform that these traders sign up for, opting in to make a tiny percent of your profits if you choose to copy them in their trades. Imagine, for example, you want to trade in LTC and ETH, but don’t have time to keep up on all the news surrounding these two popular currencies. Instead of learning all about it yourself, you can pick a trader that specializes in these currencies and copy their trading patterns. Here are some of the basic pros and cons of copying a trader:When compared to regular trading, copy trading is a more hands off approach. Instead of researching and keeping track of the markets, you instead research and keep track of the traders you are choosing to follow. Considering that this will be more social than clerical, a lot of casual traders may feel more comfortable trusting their ability to pick successful traders instead of picking successful traders themselves. At the end of the day, though, a copy trader can only succeed as much as the market will allow them — if the entire market takes a hit, don’t expect the trader you are copying to be a miracle worker and still make money for you. 2020 - prepare for a big year With more trading platforms offering cryptoassets and other financial instruments, 2020 is setting up to be a big year for cryptoasset traders. As we move into 2020 in earnest, let’s not forget the mistakes we made in 2019, and most importantly, let’s remember to educate ourselves on all of our options before making any risky trades. eToro, MarketX, Plus500, and XTB are some of the many market leaders in trading platforms— keep your eyes peeled on the advancements they are making to help you trade more securely in the coming year. The author is not associated with any of the projects mentioned.

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