The largest Internet-based threat to Canada today is the Chinese government’s “expansive and aggressive” cyber program, says Canada’s Communications Security Establishment. CSIS is Canada’s information security agency. In the latest […]

Chinese state hackers are Canada’s biggest cybersecurity threat: report : My Campbell River Now

Helene’s damage to North Carolina’s Green River affects businesses that depend on it In western North Carolina, tubing, rafting and kayaking shops are assessing whether the rivers will be safe enough to open by next Summer following the devastating damage from the remnants of Hurricane Helene.

Helene’s damage to North Carolina’s Green River affects businesses that depend on it : NPR

One man was rescued from the Perch <strong>River</strong> after his canoe got stuck in marshy conditions Saturday night.

Man rescued from Perch River, his and family’s canoes recovered

Images from a local fire company show a train derailed Saturday morning in Lower Saucon Township near Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

Plastic pellets, diesel spill into Pennsylvania river after train derailment: police

— The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating a derailment involving three Norfolk Southern trains that occurred today (Saturday, March 2) near Allentown, Pa., the safety agency said on social media site X. The incident sent two locomotives partially into the adjacent Lehigh <strong>River</strong>; ...

Three-train NS accident in Pennsylvania sends locomotives into Lehigh River - Trains

The NTSB is investigating a collision and derailment involving three Norfolk Southern trains on Saturday, the agency said in a post on X.

Train derails along the Lehigh River in Lower Saucon ...

A Norfolk Southern freight train derailed in Lower Saucon Township early Saturday morning, officials said.

Train derails in Northampton County, several cars in Lehigh River – NBC10 Philadelphia

Photos on social media showed two locomotives and several container cars derailed. No one was injured and no hazardous materials leaked, officials said.

Freight Cars Derail on Lehigh River in Pennsylvania After 3-Train Crash

Officials said Saturday the train derailed just before 8 a.m. in Lower Saucon Township, which is about two hours from Philadelphia.

Norfolk Southern train derails onto banks of Pennsylvania river

River

river

Technology shapes every facet of our lives from how we communicate to how we consume stories and the Archie Comics universe, a cornerstone of American pop culture, is embracing this transformation. Goldie Chan, a figure renowned in the tech world for her insightful commentary and innovative thinking, is at the forefront of this evolution, bringing a unique blend of tech-savvy storytelling to the heart of Riverdale. Her latest comic, "BETTY & VERONICA FRIENDS FOREVER: FAIRY TALES”: 'The Frumpy Duckling,'" showcases this fusion, blending the nostalgic charm of Archie with contemporary themes and digital-age sensibilities. Chan's venture into Riverdale is not just another comic book story; it's a narrative that reflects our modern world's complexities, wrapped in the comforting aesthetics of the Archie universe. "The Frumpy Duckling," starring Cassie Cloud, is a modern fairytale that echoes the timeless theme of transformation, yet it's imbued with elements that speak directly to the digital generation. References to cottagecore, a trend that gained momentum on social media platforms, alongside a nod to "The Devil Wears Prada," infuse the story with a fashion-forward sensibility that resonates with today's readers. This sneak peek of ‘The Frumpy Duckling” was done by Bill and Ben Galvan, a father-son team, who completed the art for Goldie Chan’s original script. So there exists the generational appeal of the Archie characters is with the Archie Comics internal talent as well. “Writing for Archie is a dream come true. As an avid reader of Archie from my youngest days to a (hopefully) wiser adult, I have grown up with Archie, Betty, Veronica, Jughead, Reggie, Ethel, Sabrina and all the other amazing characters in vast universe of Archie Comics. I love sharing heartwarming, thoughtful and curious stories in Riverdale with these nostalgic and wonderful characters and can’t wait to share my next stories with you all!” offers Goldie Chan, Archie Comics writer. The inclusion of Archie-approved puns like "Let's quack this case" adds a layer of playful engagement, reminding us of the power of language in an age dominated by quick, digital communication. Chan's narrative is a bridge between the print media tradition of comic books and the fast-paced, visually driven culture of social media, showcasing how stories can adapt and thrive in a new era. What makes Chan's contribution to the Archie Comics universe particularly noteworthy is her approach to integrating modern technology themes and digital culture insights into the fabric of her storytelling. This blend of tech awareness with the timeless appeal of Archie represents a significant shift in how stories are told within established universes. Chan is not just writing a comic; she's writing a comic for the digital age, where her characters, though rooted in a classic setting, navigate issues and experiences reflective of today's technologically driven world. "Archie has a distinct place in pop culture of being comfortable and familiar for generations while working to remain fresh and relevant, reflecting current trends.  From passing notes back in the day to texting now, people have the same feelings, people still have crushes and share it all with their best friends. At Archie we allow fans access to all those emotions and universal experiences wrapped up in a fun presentation, this recent one a fairy tale type story of your favorite Archie gang by Goldie." - Mike Pellerito, President and Editor In Chief at Archie Comics. “Since its inception, Archie Comics has always been a reflection of modern society. We keep our fingers on the pulse of pop culture, and want to make sure all our readers can see themselves in our comics; be it trends, fashion, technology, celebrities, or even social issues. Goldie's vibrant personality shines through in her stories, not only continuing our commitment to relevancy but propelling our stories and characters even further forward into the future.” - Jamie Rotante, Senior Director of Editorial, Archie Comics. Her focus on creating woman-focused storylines within this context further amplifies the importance of diversity and representation in media, a conversation that is pivotal in both the tech and creative sectors. By infusing her stories with these themes, Chan is contributing to a broader dialogue about how women are portrayed in media, leveraging the Archie platform to inspire and empower a new generation. The Tech Behind the Tales Chan's work in the Archie universe offers a compelling case study. It's not just the content of the stories that's innovative but also the process behind their creation. The comic book industry, much like the tech industry, has seen significant changes in how content is produced, distributed, and consumed, thanks in part to digital tools and platforms. Exploring her creative process could reveal insights into how digital tools facilitate storytelling, from the use of software for design and layout to social media for marketing and community engagement. Additionally, understanding how Chan leverages her tech background to inform her storytelling could provide valuable lessons for content creators operating at the intersection of these two worlds. Engaging the Digital Generation As we look forward to the release of BETTY & VERONICA FRIENDS FOREVER: FAIRY TALES: 'The Frumpy Duckling,'" it's clear that the future of storytelling lies in the seamless integration of traditional narratives with modern technology. Goldie Chan's work is a testament to the potential of this integration, offering a blueprint for how classic universes like Archie's can evolve to meet the expectations of the digital generation. This approach to comic writing highlights the importance of adaptability, technological literacy, and innovation in storytelling. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the synergy between technology and tradition in storytelling will undoubtedly become more crucial, with creators like Chan leading the charge. Goldie Chan's innovative return to Riverdale not only entertains but also inspires. It serves as a reminder that in the age of digital transformation, stories have the power to connect us, teach us, and propel us forward, bridging the gap between the world we know and the world we imagine. ** Technology shapes every facet of our lives from how we communicate to how we consume stories and the Archie Comics universe, a cornerstone of American pop culture, is embracing this transformation. Goldie Chan , a figure renowned in the tech world for her insightful commentary and innovative thinking, is at the forefront of this evolution, bringing a unique blend of tech-savvy storytelling to the heart of Riverdale. Her latest comic, "BETTY & VERONICA FRIENDS FOREVER: FAIRY TALES”: 'The Frumpy Duckling,'" showcases this fusion, blending the nostalgic charm of Archie with contemporary themes and digital-age sensibilities. Goldie Chan Chan's venture into Riverdale is not just another comic book story; it's a narrative that reflects our modern world's complexities, wrapped in the comforting aesthetics of the Archie universe. "The Frumpy Duckling," starring Cassie Cloud, is a modern fairytale that echoes the timeless theme of transformation, yet it's imbued with elements that speak directly to the digital generation. References to cottagecore, a trend that gained momentum on social media platforms, alongside a nod to "The Devil Wears Prada," infuse the story with a fashion-forward sensibility that resonates with today's readers. This sneak peek of ‘The Frumpy Duckling” was done by Bill and Ben Galvan, a father-son team, who completed the art for Goldie Chan’s original script. So there exists the generational appeal of the Archie characters is with the Archie Comics internal talent as well. “Writing for Archie is a dream come true. As an avid reader of Archie from my youngest days to a (hopefully) wiser adult, I have grown up with Archie, Betty, Veronica, Jughead, Reggie, Ethel, Sabrina and all the other amazing characters in vast universe of Archie Comics. I love sharing heartwarming, thoughtful and curious stories in Riverdale with these nostalgic and wonderful characters and can’t wait to share my next stories with you all!” offers Goldie Chan, Archie Comics writer. “Writing for Archie is a dream come true. As an avid reader of Archie from my youngest days to a (hopefully) wiser adult, I have grown up with Archie, Betty, Veronica, Jughead, Reggie, Ethel, Sabrina and all the other amazing characters in vast universe of Archie Comics. I love sharing heartwarming, thoughtful and curious stories in Riverdale with these nostalgic and wonderful characters and can’t wait to share my next stories with you all!” offers Goldie Chan, Archie Comics writer. The inclusion of Archie-approved puns like "Let's quack this case" adds a layer of playful engagement, reminding us of the power of language in an age dominated by quick, digital communication. Chan's narrative is a bridge between the print media tradition of comic books and the fast-paced, visually driven culture of social media, showcasing how stories can adapt and thrive in a new era. What makes Chan's contribution to the Archie Comics universe particularly noteworthy is her approach to integrating modern technology themes and digital culture insights into the fabric of her storytelling. This blend of tech awareness with the timeless appeal of Archie represents a significant shift in how stories are told within established universes. Chan is not just writing a comic; she's writing a comic for the digital age, where her characters, though rooted in a classic setting, navigate issues and experiences reflective of today's technologically driven world. "Archie has a distinct place in pop culture of being comfortable and familiar for generations while working to remain fresh and relevant, reflecting current trends.  From passing notes back in the day to texting now, people have the same feelings, people still have crushes and share it all with their best friends. At Archie we allow fans access to all those emotions and universal experiences wrapped up in a fun presentation, this recent one a fairy tale type story of your favorite Archie gang by Goldie." - Mike Pellerito, President and Editor In Chief at Archie Comics. "Archie has a distinct place in pop culture of being comfortable and familiar for generations while working to remain fresh and relevant, reflecting current trends.  From passing notes back in the day to texting now, people have the same feelings, people still have crushes and share it all with their best friends. At Archie we allow fans access to all those emotions and universal experiences wrapped up in a fun presentation, this recent one a fairy tale type story of your favorite Archie gang by Goldie." - Mike Pellerito, President and Editor In Chief at Archie Comics. “Since its inception, Archie Comics has always been a reflection of modern society. We keep our fingers on the pulse of pop culture, and want to make sure all our readers can see themselves in our comics; be it trends, fashion, technology, celebrities, or even social issues. Goldie's vibrant personality shines through in her stories, not only continuing our commitment to relevancy but propelling our stories and characters even further forward into the future.” - Jamie Rotante, Senior Director of Editorial, Archie Comics. “Since its inception, Archie Comics has always been a reflection of modern society. We keep our fingers on the pulse of pop culture, and want to make sure all our readers can see themselves in our comics; be it trends, fashion, technology, celebrities, or even social issues. Goldie's vibrant personality shines through in her stories, not only continuing our commitment to relevancy but propelling our stories and characters even further forward into the future.” - Jamie Rotante, Senior Director of Editorial, Archie Comics. Her focus on creating woman-focused storylines within this context further amplifies the importance of diversity and representation in media, a conversation that is pivotal in both the tech and creative sectors. By infusing her stories with these themes, Chan is contributing to a broader dialogue about how women are portrayed in media, leveraging the Archie platform to inspire and empower a new generation. The Tech Behind the Tales The Tech Behind the Tales Chan's work in the Archie universe offers a compelling case study. It's not just the content of the stories that's innovative but also the process behind their creation. The comic book industry, much like the tech industry, has seen significant changes in how content is produced, distributed, and consumed, thanks in part to digital tools and platforms. Exploring her creative process could reveal insights into how digital tools facilitate storytelling, from the use of software for design and layout to social media for marketing and community engagement. Additionally, understanding how Chan leverages her tech background to inform her storytelling could provide valuable lessons for content creators operating at the intersection of these two worlds. Engaging the Digital Generation Engaging the Digital Generation As we look forward to the release of BETTY & VERONICA FRIENDS FOREVER: FAIRY TALES: 'The Frumpy Duckling,'" it's clear that the future of storytelling lies in the seamless integration of traditional narratives with modern technology. Goldie Chan's work is a testament to the potential of this integration, offering a blueprint for how classic universes like Archie's can evolve to meet the expectations of the digital generation. This approach to comic writing highlights the importance of adaptability, technological literacy, and innovation in storytelling. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the synergy between technology and tradition in storytelling will undoubtedly become more crucial, with creators like Chan leading the charge. Goldie Chan's innovative return to Riverdale not only entertains but also inspires. It serves as a reminder that in the age of digital transformation, stories have the power to connect us, teach us, and propel us forward, bridging the gap between the world we know and the world we imagine. **

Tech and Tradition in Established Universes: Goldie Returns to Riverdale

প্রতিষ্ঠিত মহাবিশ্বে প্রযুক্তি এবং ঐতিহ্য: গোল্ডি রিভারডেলে ফিরে আসেন

Technik und Tradition in etablierten Universen: Goldie kehrt nach Riverdale zurück

Tecnología y tradición en universos establecidos: Goldie regresa a Riverdale

Technologie et tradition dans les univers établis : Goldie revient à Riverdale

स्थापित ब्रह्मांडों में तकनीक और परंपरा: गोल्डी रिवरडेल में लौटता है

確立された世界における技術と伝統: ゴールディがリバーデイルに戻ってくる

확립된 세계의 기술과 전통: Goldie가 Riverdale로 돌아옴

Tecnologia e tradição em universos estabelecidos: Goldie retorna a Riverdale

Технологии и традиции в устоявшихся вселенных: Голди возвращается в Ривердейл

Yerleşik Evrenlerde Teknoloji ve Gelenek: Goldie Riverdale'e Geri Dönüyor

Công nghệ và truyền thống trong các trường đại học đã thành lập: Goldie trở lại Riverdale

既定宇宙中的科技与传统：戈尔迪重返河谷镇

Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Crossing a River on a Wire. here Crossing a River on a Wire. A reporter of the New York Sun wanted to realize the sensation of being suspended on a wire 275 feet from the surface of the earth. He applied to the engineer of the Brooklyn bridge for permission to cross the East river on a wire, three quarters of an inch in diameter, which hangs between the two towers. He was refused permission; but he finally saw the president of the company, who granted his request. Arriving at the appointed time, the engineer, Mr. Farrington, said: "Well, sir; whenever you're ready, I am." "All ready, said I, as bold as brass outside, and as nervous as the Endorian witch on the inside. He walked on and I followed, when, Horror of Horrors—capital H's—to both Horrors—instead of leading me to the 'cradle,' which I called a raft, he took me to a little square board held up by two crossed iron arms, called a 'buggy.' It was about three feet square, and depended from the 'traveler,' a three quarter inch wire which crosses the river, and is run from tower to tower over apparatus, by means of a stationary engine. It was too late to back out, but I didn't feel exactly prepared to plunge in. He did. "He jumped in, and the little buggy swung from side to side, precisely as a swing does when you jump on the board and try to steady it by the ropes. I looked at him, at the scale—that's it; it's exactly like a pair of scales, with one scale—at the deep depths below us, and at myself. I imagined the ticklish thrill which would permeate my body when we started. I fancied the glories of the prospective perspective before me. "'Come, hurry up, please,' interrupted Farrington, and with resignation I hurried down. He stood up. I crouched down. Perhaps you think you'd have stood up as he did. You're mistaken. I crouched down and held on tight. Make no mistake. I held on tight and waited for my thrill. It didn't come. Then I stood up, and Farrington gave the word 'Go.' 'Wouldn't you better take a rope along?' said one of the men. 'Yes, I think I would.' What did he want of a rope? He feared I would be nervous. He meant to grapple me in the middle of the river, and tie me in. I knew it. I felt it. But I didn't say a word. "With a gentle jerk we started—slow, slow, very slow. Farrington stood in front and watched the wire. I stood behind and watched myself. I felt nothing. I was'n't exhilarated. I was'n't scared. I was'n't even timid. I can't look from the top of a house without desiring to jump off, but I looked down from the buggy and hadn't the least desire to jump. Farrington says: 'It's because it's so high up.' Well, we went on without any special sensation till the buggy struck against a stay rope which reaches from one of the cables to the tower. In the effort to free the buggy, Mr. Farrington gave a push which swung us out some little distance and back again, at which a little piece of indigestion seemed to be monarch of my interior, and for a moment I was on the verge of a sensation. Having passed the middle, the ascent was more labored. I waved my handkerchief to the people on the ferryboats. I looked out toward the sea. I looked up at the heavens. I even looked toward Harlem, but, like the buyer in the Bible, I said: 'It is naught, it is naught.' "In about eight minutes we touched the New York side—all but ten feet. The red flag waved for the engine to stop. There we hung in mid-air 275 feet above the level, swinging to and fro like a drunken buggy, at an angle of forty degrees, and quite uneasy. The rope which was to haul us on was fastened to the iron—blest be the tie that binds—and with a few hearty pulls we were brought so near the New York tower that without difficulty we clambered up. I had made the trip, but I had not felt a feel. From the top of the New York tower I saw much, but the chief point of interest was the innumerable jets of steam which flourish in the air, and fantastically curl off into space. "Again the steeples, the tower, and the long, narrow, dirty river filled the prospect, and the bright sun of a charming day lightened up the western sky That was all, except to say 'thanks and good-bye,' and descend the stairs. There were 417 of them stairs, and before I reached the bottom I was dizzy, faint, seasick, and filled with a decoction of tickle, so that I had to shut my eyes and rest from my labors. "Thus ends the trip which filled my anticipatory imagination as the waters fill the sea, but which resolved itself in realization to a simple, childlike faith in the fixtures on the wire, and in the skill and competence of the man who guided them. Monsieur X." About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXXVI., No. 8, February 24, 1877. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19406/pg19406-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Crossing a River on a Wire

On War by Carl Von Clausewitz, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Passage of Rivers Book VII: Chapter VIII. Passage of Rivers 1. A large river which crosses the direction of the attack is always very inconvenient for the assailant: for when he has crossed it he is generally limited to one point of passage, and, therefore, unless he remains close to the river he becomes very much hampered in his movements. Whether he meditates bringing on a decisive battle after crossing, or may expect the enemy to attack him, he exposes himself to great danger; therefore, without a decided superiority, both in moral and physical force, a general will not place himself in such a position. 2. From this mere disadvantage of placing a river behind an army, a river is much oftener capable of defence than it would otherwise be. If we suppose that this defence is not considered the only means of safety, but is so planned that even if it fails, still a stand can be made near the river, then the assailant in his calculations must add to the resistance which he may experience in the defence of the river, all the advantages mentioned in No. 1, as being on the side of the defender of a river, and the effect of the two together is, that we usually see generals show great respect to a river before they attack it if it is defended. 3. But in the preceding book we have seen, that under certain conditions, the real defence of a river promises right good results; and if we refer to experience, we must allow that such results follow in reality much more frequently than theory promises, because in theory we only calculate with real circumstances as we find them take place, while in the execution, things commonly appear to the assailant much more difficult than they really are, and they become therefore a greater clog on his action. Suppose, for instance, an attack which is not intended to end in a great solution, and which is not conducted with thorough energy, we may be sure that in carrying it out a number of little obstacles and accidents, which no theory could calculate upon, will start up to the disadvantage of the assailant, because he is the acting party, and must, therefore, come first into collision with such impediments. Let us just think for a moment how often some of the insignificant rivers of Lombardy have been successfully defended!—If, on the other hand, cases may also be found in military history, in which the defence of rivers has failed to realise what was expected of them, that lies in the extravagant results sometimes looked for from this means; results not founded in any kind of way on its tactical nature, but merely on its well-known efficacy, to which people have thought there were no bounds. 4. It is only when the defender commits the mistake of placing his entire dependence on the defence of a river, so that in case it is forced he becomes involved in great difficulty, in a kind of catastrophe, it is only then that the defence of a river can be looked upon as a form of defence favourable to the attack, for it is certainly easier to force the passage of a river than to gain an ordinary battle. 5. It follows of itself from what has just been said that the defence of a river may become of great value if no great solution is desired, but where that is to be expected, either from the superior numbers or energy of the enemy, then this means, if wrongly used, may turn to the positive advantage of the assailant. 6. There are very few river-lines of defence which cannot be turned either on the whole length or at some particular point. Therefore the assailant, superior in numbers and bent upon serious blows, has the means of making a demonstration at one point and passing at another, and then by superior numbers, and advancing, regardless of all opposition, he can repair any disadvantageous relations in which he may have been placed by the issue of the first encounters: for his general superiority will enable him to do so. It very rarely happens that the passage of a river is actually tactically forced by overpowering the enemy’s principal post by the effect of superior fire and greater valour on the part of the troops, and the expression, forcing a passage is only to be taken in a strategic sense, in so far that the assailant by his passage at an undefended or only slightly defended point within the line of defence, braves all the dangers which, in the defender’s view, should result to him through the crossing.—But the worst which an assailant can do, is to attempt a real passage at several points, unless they lie close to each other and admit of all the troops joining in the combat; for as the defender must necessarily have his forces separated, therefore, if the assailant fractions his in like manner, he throws away his natural advantage. In that way Bellegarde lost the battle on the Mincio, 1814, where by chance both armies passed at different points at the same time, and the Austrians were more divided than the French. 7. If the defender remains on this side of the river, it necessarily follows that there are two ways to gain a strategic advantage over him: either to pass at some point, regardless of his position, and so to outbid him in the same means, or to give battle. In the first case, the relations of the base and lines of communications should chiefly decide, but it often happens that special circumstances exercise more influence than general relations; he who can choose the best positions, who knows best how to make his dispositions, who is better obeyed, whose army marches fastest, etc., may contend with advantage against general circumstances. As regards the second means, it presupposes on the part of the assailant the means, suitable relations, and the determination to fight; but when these conditions may be presupposed, the defender will not readily venture upon this mode of defending a river. 8. As a final result, we must therefore give as our opinion that, although the passage of a river in itself rarely presents great difficulties, yet in all cases not immediately connected with a great decision, so many apprehensions of the consequences and of future complications are bound up with it, that at all events the progress of the assailant may easily be so far arrested that he either leaves the defender on this side the river, or he passes, and then remains close to the river. For it rarely happens that two armies remain any length of time confronting one another on different sides of a river. But also in cases of a great solution, a river is an important object; it always weakens and deranges the offensive; and the most fortunate thing, in this case is, if the defender is induced through that to look upon the river as a tactical barrier, and to make the particular defence of that barrier the principal act of his resistance, so that the assailant at once obtains the advantage of being able to strike a decisive blow in a very easy manner.—Certainly, in the first instance, this blow will never amount to a complete defeat of the enemy, but it will consist of several advantageous combats, and these bring about a state of general relations very adverse to the enemy, as happened to the Austrians on the Lower Rhine, 1796. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Carl von Clausewitz (2006). On War. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1946/pg1946-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Passage of Rivers

On War by Carl Von Clausewitz, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Defence of Streams and Rivers (continued) Book VI: Chapter XIX. Defence of Streams and Rivers (continued) We have still to add something respecting the influence of streams and rivers on the defence of a country, even when they are not themselves defended. Every important river, with its main valley and its adjacent valleys, forms a very considerable obstacle in a country, and in that way it is, therefore, advantageous to defence in general; but its peculiar influence admits of being more particularly specified in its principal effects. First we must distinguish whether it flows parallel to the frontier, that is, the general strategic front, or at an oblique or a right angle to it. In the case of the parallel direction we must observe the difference between having our own army or that of the enemy behind it, and in both cases again the distance between it and the army. An army on the defensive, having behind it a large river within easy reach (but not less than a day’s march), and on that river an adequate number of secure crossings, is unquestionably in a much stronger situation than it would be without the river; for if it loses a little in freedom of movement by the requisite care for the security of the crossings, still it gains much more by the security of its strategic rear, that means chiefly of its lines of communication. In all this we allude to a defence in our own country; for in the enemy’s country, although his army might be before us, we should still have always more or less to apprehend his appearance behind us on the other side of the river, and then the river, involving as it does narrow defiles in roads, would be more disadvantageous than otherwise in its effect on our situation. The further the river is behind the army, the less useful it will be, and at certain distances its influence disappears altogether. If an advancing army has to leave a river in its rear, the river cannot be otherwise than prejudicial to its movements, for it restricts the communications of the army to a few single passages. When Prince Henry marched against the Russians on the right bank of the Oder near Breslau, he had plainly a point d’appui in the Oder flowing behind him at a day’s march; on the other hand, when the Russians under Cznernitschef passed the Oder subsequently, they were in a very embarrassing situation, just through the risk of losing their line of retreat, which was limited to one bridge. If a river crosses the theatre of war more or less at a right angle with the strategic front, then the advantage is again on the side of the defensive; for, in the first place, there are generally a number of good positions leaning on the river, and covered in front by the transverse valleys connected with the principal valley (like the Elbe for the Prussians in the Seven Years’ War); secondly, the assailant must leave one side of the river or the other unoccupied, or he must divide his forces; and such division cannot fail to be in favour again of the defensive, because he will be in possession of more well secured passages than the assailant. We need only cast a glance over the whole Seven Years’ War, to be convinced that the Oder and Elbe were very useful to Frederick the Great in the defence of his theatre of war (namely Silesia, Saxony and the Mark), and consequently a great impediment to the conquest of these provinces by the Austrians and Russians, although there was no real defence of those rivers in the whole Seven Years’ War, and their course is mostly, as connected with the enemy, at an oblique or a right angle rather than parallel with the front. It is only the convenience of a river as a means of transport, when its course is more or less in a perpendicular direction, which can, in general, be advantageous to the assailant; in that respect it may be so for this reason, that as he has the longer line of communication, and, therefore, the greater difficulty in the transport of all he requires, water carriage may relieve him of a great deal of trouble and prove very useful. The defender, on his side, certainly has it in his power to close the navigation within his own frontier by fortresses; still even by that means the advantages which the river affords the assailant will not be lost so far as regards its course up to that frontier. But if we reflect upon the fact that many rivers are often not navigable, even where they are of no unimportant breadth as respects other military relations, that others are not navigable at all seasons, that the ascent against the stream is tedious, that the winding of a river often doubles its length, that the chief communications between countries now are high roads, and that now more than ever the wants of an army are supplied from the country adjacent to the scene of its operations, and not by carriage from distant parts,—we can well see that the use of a river does not generally play such a prominent part in the subsistence of troops as is usually represented in books, and that its influence on the march of events is therefore very remote and uncertain. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Carl von Clausewitz (2006). On War. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1946/pg1946-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Defence of Streams and Rivers (continued)

Defence of Streams and Rivers

Table of contents Prerequisites Scope of this tutorial Installation of Dependencies Why use code generation tools? Freezed Code Generator Riverpod Code Generator Notifier Provider AsyncNotifierProvider Recap Conclusion References Maximizing the performance of your app is crucial for delivering a seamless user experience. As software developers, we constantly seek out tools that can enhance our coding experience while improving the efficiency and quality of our code. This beginner's guide focuses on utilizing the power of AsyncNotifierProvider and NotifierProvider from Riverpod, together with the Riverpod code generator, for efficient state management. By incorporating these tools, you can generate providers faster, simplify the process of passing ref property around, and streamline debugging. The guide includes simple examples that demonstrate how to use these providers in your project and leverage the benefits of the Freezed and Riverpod code generators. Flutter Prerequisites Basic knowledge of dart A basic understanding of flutter and state management. A code editor (Android Studio or recommended) VScode A mobile device or emulator to build on. You’ve read the first article in this series or have at least a basic knowledge of how Riverpod works 👇🏽 https://clouds.hashnode.dev/the-ultimate-guide-to-mastering-riverpod-for-flutter-beginners Scope of this tutorial In this tutorial, we will cover the following: Examples to show the implementation of the Notifier and AsyncNotifier Providers. How to use code generation tools like Freezed and Riverpod code generator. How to use to handle loading state AsyncValue How to use when working with an immutable class. copyWith Installation of Dependencies First, you will need to get to your and add the following packages pubspec.yaml dependencies:
  flutter_riverpod: ^2.1.3
  riverpod_annotation: ^1.1.1
  freezed_annotation: ^2.2.0
  freezed: ^2.3.2

dev_dependencies:
  build_runner:
  riverpod_generator: ^1.1.1 Then run flutter pub get You have successfully added the necessary dependencies to your project. Why use code generation tools? If you choose to work without code generation tools, your Riverpod providers will still be fully functional. However, Riverpod greatly recommends using code generation tools. Code generation is using a tool to generate code. In dart, once you add the code generation syntax and compile, your code is automatically generated. Doing this saves you the time and energy you would have used to write that code, especially when you are working on a big project and need to handle those tasks repeatedly. Code generation will help prevent those errors that can happen when doing the same task repeatedly. It makes debugging better and generally makes your life easier. Freezed Code Generator Freezed is a code generation package that helps you create data classes with Dart. With the use of Freezed you can generate models, unions and much more. Freezed allows you to focus on the definition of your data class, instead of writing long lines of code that may be error-prone. Riverpod Code Generator With the Riverpod code generation package, it is now easier to declare providers. You no longer need to write your providers by hand or wonder which particular provider will suit your use case. All you need to do is follow the syntax for defining your Riverpod code generator and annotate your code, then with you can generate all your providers. build_runner For instance, this is the code generation syntax for these different Riverpod providers For Providers: @riverpod
int foo(FooRef ref) => 0; For FutureProviders: @riverpod
Future<int> foo(FooRef ref) async {
  return 0;
} For StateProviders: @riverpod
class Foo extends _$Foo {
  @override
  int build() => 0;
} You can notice that there is a pattern for creating the providers. Once you put the correct syntax you can generate the providers just like that. Notifier Provider Riverpod 2.0 came with the addition of two new provider types, the NotifierProvider, and the AsyncNotifierProvider. Riverpod recommends you use the NotifierProvider instead of the ChangeNotifier and StateNotifier providers, so we are focusing on these two. The NotifierProvider is used to listen to and expose a Notifier. A Notifier exposes a state that can change over time. Let’s consider a simple example 👇🏽 We will build a random string generator with two buttons, one to generate a new string and the other to clear the entire list of strings. In this example, we will also be using the Riverpod code generator. First, using Riverpod annotation and the code syntax below, we will create a NotifierProvider. We will also add the functions for adding a random string and clearing the list of strings. We will add the name of the file to be generated by specifying with as seen in the code. part Note: The name of the file to be generated is the same as the name of the current file you are working on. When specifying it with you will need to add as that is how Riverpod-generated files are named. part .g.dart import 'package:riverpod_annotation/riverpod_annotation.dart';

part 'notifier_list_provider.g.dart';

@riverpod
class RandomStrNotifier extends _$RandomStrNotifier{
  @override
  List<String> build() {
    return [];
  }
//using Dart's spread operator we create a new copy of the list
  void addString(String randomStr){
    state = [...state, randomStr];
  }

  void removeStrings(){
    state = [];
  }
} From our code, we can see that the returns an empty List, then we added the two functions to add to the list and clear the list. NotifierProvider and AsyncNotifierProvider support immutable state, because our state is immutable, we can not say or . So we create a new copy of the list. is used for updating the UI state. RandomStrNotifier state.add state.remove state To run the code generator, run this command on the terminal: flutter pub run build_runner watch --delete-conflicting-outputs After it has successfully run, you can see your generated provider file, in your project tab, in your code editor. From the image above you can see what the generated file will look like. Note: If you get the error then run the command on your terminal. Could not find a file named "pubspec.yaml" in "C:\Users\… dart pub get Moving on, let’s add this provider and the functions to our UI Widget build(BuildContext context, ref) {
        // rebuid the widget when there is a change
    List<String> randomStrList = ref.watch(randomStrNotifierProvider);
    final random = Random();
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text("RiverPod Notifier Example App"),
        backgroundColor: Colors.brown,
      ),
      body: SingleChildScrollView(
        child: Column(
          children: [
            Column(
              children: [
                                //map to a list
                ...randomStrList.map((string) =>
                    Container(
                      alignment: Alignment.center,
                      margin: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 10,top: 5),
                      height: 30,
                        width: 300,
                        color: Colors.brown,
                        child: Text(string.toString(),
                          style: const TextStyle(
                            color: Colors.white
                          ),
                        )))
              ],
            ),
            Row(
              mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceAround,
              children: [
                ElevatedButton.icon(
                  icon: const Icon(Icons.add),
                  label: const Text('Generate'),
                  style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
                    backgroundColor: Colors.brown, // Background color
                  ),
                  onPressed: () {
                                    //add string to list function
                    ref.read(randomStrNotifierProvider.notifier).addString("This is the "
                        "random String ${5  + random.nextInt( 1000 + 1 - 5)}");
                  },
                ),

                ElevatedButton.icon(
                  icon: const Icon(Icons.clear),
                  label: const Text('Clear'),
                  style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
                    backgroundColor: Colors.brown, // Background color
                  ),
                  onPressed: () {
                                    //clear list function
                    ref.read(randomStrNotifierProvider.notifier).removeString();
                  },
                )
              ],
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ); As you can see the Riverpod code generator, generated a matching randomStrNotifierProvider When you run the app it should look like this 👇🏽 AsyncNotifierProvider The AsyncNotifierProvider is used to listen to and expose an asyncNotifier. The AsyncNotifier is a notifier that is asynchronously initialized. Let’s dive into the example: We will be building a simple app that loads a list of products after a time duration of 3 seconds with a button to clear the list of products. First, we will use the Freezed code generator tool to create our product class. Then using the method we will create the product objects that will be going into our list. We will add the name of the file to be generated by specifying with as seen in the code. The name of the generated file is the current name of your file and This is how the freezed files are named. copyWith part .freezed.dart import 'package:freezed_annotation/freezed_annotation.dart';
//replace with part 'name_of_your_file.freezed.dart';
part 'async_notifier_list_provider.freezed.dart';

@freezed
class Product with _$Product{
  const Product._();
  const factory Product({
    String? name,
    String? description,

  }) = _Product;

}

  const Product _product1 =  Product(name: "Dart course for beginners",
                            description: "This is course will make you a dart star");
  final Product _product2 = _product1.copyWith(description: "This course will make you a pro");
  final Product _product3 = _product1.copyWith(name: "Ultimate Dart course for beginners");

final products = [
              _product1,
              _product2,
              _product3,
]; We can run this command on the terminal to generate the freezed file flutter pub run build_runner watch --delete-conflicting-outputs The image above shows how the Freezed generated file will look like. We used the method to create new objects of product that we added to the list. The method is used for returning a new object with the same properties as the original but with the values you have specified, it is used when working with immutable structures like Freezed. copyWith copyWith Now we will go ahead and add our Riverpod provider class, which will be fetching the list of products after 3 seconds. We will also add the function to clear the list of products as well. //replace with part 'name_of_your_file.g.dart';
part 'async_notifier_list_provider.g.dart';

@riverpod
class AsyncProducts extends _$AsyncProducts {
  Future<List<Product>> _fetchProducts() async {
    await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 3));
    return products;
  }

  @override
  FutureOr<List<Product>> build() async {
    return _fetchProducts();
  }

  Future<void>clearProducts()async {
    state = const AsyncValue.loading();
    state = await AsyncValue.guard(() async{
      await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 3));
      return [];
    });
  }

} The asyncNotifierProvider returns a future list of products. To modify the UI we will now create the function, using we can easily manage the loading, error state, and data state. clearProducts AsyncValue class Looking at the class, is used to transform a Future that can fail into something safe to read, it is recommended to use this instead of try and catch blocks. it will handle both the data and error states. AsyncValue AsyncValue.guard Next, run this command on the terminal to generate the necessary Freezed and Riverpod code flutter pub run build_runner watch --delete-conflicting-outputs Let’s add this provider and function to our UI Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
    final productProvider = ref.watch(asyncProductsProvider);
    return Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
            title: const Text("AsyncNotifier"),
            actions: [
              IconButton(
                icon: const Icon(
                  Icons.clear,
                  color: Colors.white,
                ),
                onPressed: () {
                  ref.read(asyncProductsProvider.notifier).clearProducts();
                },
              )
            ]
        ),

      body: Container(
        child: productProvider.when(
          data: (products)=> ListView.builder(
              itemCount: products.length,
              itemBuilder: (context, index){
                return Padding(
                  padding: const EdgeInsets.only(left: 10,right: 10,top: 10),
                  child: Card(
                    color: Colors.blueAccent,
                    elevation: 3,
                    child: ListTile(
                      title: Text("${products[index].name}",style: const TextStyle(
                          color: Colors.white,  fontSize: 15)),
                      subtitle: Text("${products[index].description}",style: const TextStyle(
                          color: Colors.white,  fontSize: 15)),
                    ),
                  ),
                );
              }),
          error: (err, stack) => Text("Error: $err",style: const TextStyle(
              color: Colors.white,  fontSize: 15)),
          loading: ()=> const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator(color: Colors.blue,)),
        ),
      ),
    );
  } Here we can see that by calling we can access our provider, then we add the clear product function to the by calling . Now we can handle the different states of the response, using ref.watch onPressed ref.read productProvider.when When you run the app it should look like this 👇🏽 Recap We have come to the end of this tutorial. Here we have learned that: The NotifierProvider listens to and exposes a notifier, when there is a change in state, it automatically updates the UI. AsyncNotifierProvider is used to listen and expose a notifier that is asynchronously initialized. Using code generation tools like Freezed and Riverpod code generators, we can easily generate data and provider classes with very little code. The copyWith method used to create a new object but with values you specified, when working with immutable classes. Finally, the AsyncValue class is used to efficiently handle data, loading, and error states. Conclusion Congratulations, you have successfully learned how to use Riverpod’s newest providers, NotifierProvider and AsyncNotifierProvider to manage state, how to use code generation tools to generate code, and how to use copyWith method and AsyncValue class. If you enjoyed this article, do well to leave a reaction and follow me for more content. If you have any questions or spot any errors, please do leave feedback. References Riverpod Docs Also published here.

Optimizing Flutter Performance: A Guide to (Async)NotifierProvider, Freezed, and Riverpod Code Gen

A Floating City and The Blockade Runners by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Chapter XXXVII here CHAPTER XXXVII. The Niagara is not a stream, not even a river; it is simply a weir sluice, a canal thirty-six miles long, which empties the waters of the Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie into the Ontario. The difference in the level of these last two lakes is three hundred and forty feet; this difference uniformly proportioned the whole of the width would hardly have created a “rapid;” but the Falls alone absorb half the difference in level, whence their formidable power. This Niagarine trench separates the United States from Canada. Its right bank is American and its left English; on one side policemen, on the other not the shadow of one. On the morning of the 12th of April, at break of day, the Doctor and I walked down the wide street of Niagara Falls, which is the name of the village situated on the banks of the Falls. It is a kind of small watering-place, three hundred miles from Albany, built in a healthy and charming situation, provided with sumptuous hotels and comfortable villas, which the Yankees and Canadians frequent in the season. The weather was magnificent, the sun warmed the cold atmosphere, a dull, distant roar was heard, and I saw vapours on the horizon which could not be clouds. “Is that the Fall?” I asked of the Doctor. “Patience!” replied Pitferge. In a few minutes we were on the banks of the Niagara. The river was flowing peacefully along; it was clear, and not deep, with numerous projections of grey rock emerging here and there. The roar of the cataract grew louder and louder, but as yet we could not see it. A wooden bridge, supported by iron arches, united the left bank to an island in the midst of the current; on to this bridge the Doctor led me. Above, stretched the river as far as the eye could reach; down the stream, that is to say on our right, the first unevenness of a rapid was noticeable; then, at half a mile from the bridge, the earth suddenly gave way, and clouds of spray filled the air. This was the American fall, which we could not see. Beyond, on the Canadian side, lay a peaceful country, with hills, villas, and bare trees. “don’t look! don’t look!” cried the Doctor to me; “reserve yourself, shut your eyes, and do not open them until I tell you!” I hardly listened to my original, but continued to look. The bridge crossed, we set foot on the island known as Goat Island. It is a piece of land of about seventy acres, covered with trees, and intersected with lovely avenues with carriage drives. It is like a bouquet thrown between the American and Canadian Falls, separated from the shore by a distance of three hundred yards. We ran under the great trees, climbed the slopes, and went down the steps; the thundering roar of the falls was redoubled, and the air saturated with spray. “Look!” cried the Doctor. Coming from behind a mass of rock, the Niagara appeared in all its splendour. At this spot it meets with a sharp angle of land, and falling round it, forms the Canadian cascade, called the “Horse-shoe Fall,” which falls from a height of one hundred and fifty-eight feet, and is two miles broad. In this, one of the most beautiful spots in the world, Nature has combined everything to astonish the eye. The fall of the Niagara singularly favours the effects of light and shade; the sunbeams falling on the water, capriciously diversify the colour; and those who have seen this effect, must admit that it is without parallel. In fact, near Goat Island the foam is white; it is then a fall of snow, or a heap of melted silver, pouring into the abyss. In the centre of the cataract the colour of the water is a most beautiful sea-green, which indicates its depth, so that the “Detroit,” a ship drawing twenty feet and launched on the current, was able to descend the falls without grazing. Towards the Canadian shore the whirlpool, on the contrary, looks like metal shining beneath the luminous rays, and it is melted gold which is now poured into the gulf. Below, the river is invisible from the vapours which rise over it. I caught glimpses, however, of enormous blocks of ice accumulated by the cold of winter; they take the form of monsters, which, with open jaws, hourly absorb the hundred millions of tons poured into them by the inexhaustible Niagara. Half a mile below the cataract the river again became tranquil, and presented a smooth surface, which the winds of April had not yet been able to ruffle. “And now for the middle of the torrent,” said the Doctor to me. I could not imagine what the Doctor meant by those words, until he pointed to a tower built on the edge of a rock some hundred feet from the shore, almost overhanging the precipice. This monument, raised in 1833, by a certain audacious being, one Judge Porter, is called the “Terrapin Tower.” We went down the steps of Goat Island, and, coming to the height of the upper course of the Niagara, I saw a bridge, or rather some planks, thrown from one rock to the other, which united the tower with the banks of the river. The bridge was but a few feet from the abyss, and below it roared the torrent. We ventured on these planks, and in a few minutes reached the rock which supported Terrapin Tower. This round tower, forty-five feet in height, is built of stone, with a circular balcony at its summit, and a roof covered with red stucco. The winding staircase, on which thousands of names are cut, is wooden. Once at the top of the tower, there is nothing to do but cling to the balcony and look. The tower is in the midst of the cataract. From its summit the eye plunges into the depths of the abyss, and peers into the very jaws of the ice monsters, as they swallow the torrent. One feels the rock tremble which supports it. It is impossible to hear anything but the roaring of the surging water. The spray rises to the top of the monument, and splendid rainbows are formed by the sun shining on the vapourized water. By a simple optical illusion, the tower seems to move with a frightful rapidity, but, happily, in the opposite direction to the fall, for, with the contrary illusion, it would be impossible to look at the gulf from giddiness. Breathless and shivering, we went for a moment inside the top landing of the tower, and it was then that the Doctor took the opportunity of saying to me,— “This Terrapin Tower, my dear sir, will some day fall into the abyss, and perhaps sooner than is expected.” “Ah! indeed!” “There is no doubt about it. The great Canadian Fall recedes insensibly, but still, it recedes. The tower, when it was first built in 1833, was much farther from the cataract. Geologists say that the fall, in the space of thirty-five thousand years, will be found at Queenstown, seven miles up the stream. According to Mr. Bakewell, it recedes a yard in a year; but according to Sir Charles Lyell one foot only. The time will come when the rock which supports the tower, worn away by the water, will glide down the Falls of the cataract. Well, my dear sir, remember this: the day when the Terrapin Tower falls, there will be some eccentrics who will descend the Niagara with it.” I looked at the Doctor, as if to ask him if he would be of that number, but he signed for me to follow him, and we went out again to look at the “Horse-shoe Fall,” and the surrounding country. We could now distinguish the American Fall, slightly curtailed and separated by a projection of the island, where there is another small central cataract one hundred feet wide; the American cascade, equally fine, falls perpendicularly. Its height is one hundred and sixty-four feet. But in order to have a good view of it it is necessary to stand facing it, on the Canadian side. All day we wandered on the banks of the Niagara, irresistibly drawn back to the tower, where the roar of the water, the spray, the sunlight playing on the vapours, the excitement, and the briny odour of the cataract, holds you in a perpetual ecstasy. Then we went back to Goat Island to get the Fall from every point of view, without ever being wearied of looking at it. The Doctor would have taken me to see the “Grotto of Winds,” hollowed out underneath the central Fall, but access to it was not allowed, on account of the frequent falling away of the rocks. At five o’clock we went back to the hotel, and after a hasty dinner, served in the American fashion, we returned to Goat Island. The Doctor wished to go and see the “Three Sisters,” charming little islets scattered at the head of the island; then, with the return of evening, he led me back to the tottering rock of Terrapin Tower. The last rays of the setting sun had disappeared behind the grey hills, and the moon shed her soft clear light over the landscape. The shadow of the tower stretched across the abyss; farther down the stream the water glided silently along, crowned with a light mist. The Canadian shore, already plunged in darkness, contrasted vividly with the moon-lit banks of Goat Island, and the village of Niagara Falls. Below us, the gulf, magnified by the uncertain light, looked like a bottomless abyss, in which roared the formidable torrent. What effect! What artist could ever depict such a scene, either with the pen or paint-brush? For some minutes a moving light appeared on the horizon; it was the signal light of a train crossing the Niagara bridge at a distance of two miles from us. Here we remained silent and motionless on the top of the tower until midnight, leaning over the waters which possessed such a fascination. Once, when the moon-beams caught the liquid dust at a certain angle, I had a glimpse of a milky band of transparent ribbon trembling in the shadows. It was a lunar rainbow, a pale irradiation of the queen of the night, whose soft light was refracted through the mist of the cataract. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (2022). A Floating City and The Blockade Runners. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67829/67829-h/67829-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

The Niagara is not a stream, not even a river

The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson by Mark Twain, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Sold Down the River here Sold Down the River If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man. —Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar. We know all about the habits of the ant, we know all about the habits of the bee, but we know nothing at all about the habits of the oyster. It seems almost certain that we have been choosing the wrong time for studying the oyster. —Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar. When Roxana arrived, she found her son in such despair and misery that her heart was touched and her motherhood rose up strong in her. He was ruined past hope, now; his destruction would be immediate and sure, and he would be an outcast and friendless. That was reason enough for a mother to love a child; so she loved him, and told him so. It made him wince, secretly—for she was a “nigger.” That he was one himself was far from reconciling him to that despised race. Roxana poured out endearments upon him, to which he responded uncomfortably, but as well as he could. And she tried to comfort him, but that was not possible. These intimacies quickly became horrible to him, and within the hour he began to try to get up courage enough to tell her so, and require that they be discontinued or very considerably modified. But he was afraid of her; and besides, there came a lull, now, for she had begun to think. She was trying to invent a saving plan. Finally she started up, and said she had found a way out. Tom was almost suffocated by the joy of this sudden good news. Roxana said: “Here is de plan, en she’ll win, sure. I’s a nigger, en nobody ain’t gwyne to doubt it dat hears me talk. I’s wuth six hund’d dollahs. Take en sell me, en pay off dese gamblers.” Tom was dazed. He was not sure he had heard aright. He was dumb for a moment; then he said: “Do you mean that you would be sold into slavery to save me?” “Ain’t you my chile? En does you know anything dat a mother won’t do for her chile? Day ain’t nothin’ a white mother won’t do for her chile. Who made ’em so? De Lord done it. En who made de niggers? De Lord made ’em. In de inside, mothers is all de same. De good Lord he made ’em so. I’s gwyne to be sole into slavery, en in a year you’s gwyne to buy yo’ ole mammy free ag’in. I’ll show you how. Dat’s de plan.” Tom’s hopes began to rise, and his spirits along with them. He said— “It’s lovely of you, mammy—it’s just—” “Say it ag’in! En keep on sayin’ it! It’s all de pay a body kin want in dis worl’, en it’s mo’ den enough. Laws bless you, honey, when I’s slavin’ aroun’, en dey ’buses me, if I knows you’s a-sayin’ dat, ’way off yonder somers, it’ll heal up all de sore places, en I kin stan’ ’em.” “I say it again, mammy, and I’ll keep on saying it, too. But how am I going to sell you? You’re free, you know.” do “Much diff’rence dat make! White folks ain’t partic’lar. De law kin sell me now if dey tell me to leave de State in six months en I don’t go. You draw up a paper—bill o’ sale—en put it ’way off yonder, down in de middle o’ Kaintuck somers, en sign some names to it, en say you’ll sell me cheap ’ca’se you’s hard up; you’ll find you ain’t gwyne to have no trouble. You take me up de country a piece, en sell me on a farm; dem people ain’t gwyne to ask no questions if I’s a bargain.” Tom forged a bill of sale and sold his mother to an Arkansas cotton-planter for a trifle over six hundred dollars. He did not want to commit this treachery, but luck threw the man in his way, and this saved him the necessity of going up country to hunt up a purchaser, with the added risk of having to answer a lot of questions, whereas this planter was so pleased with Roxy that he asked next to none at all. Besides, the planter insisted that Roxy wouldn’t know where she was, at first, and that by the time she found out she would already have become contented. And Tom argued with himself that it was an immense advantage for Roxy to have a master who was so pleased with her, as this planter manifestly was. In almost no time his flowing reasonings carried him to the point of even half believing he was doing Roxy a splendid surreptitious service in selling her “down the river.” And then he kept diligently saying to himself all the time: “It’s for only a year. In a year I buy her free again; she’ll keep that in mind, and it’ll reconcile her.” Yes; the little deception could do no harm, and everything would come out right and pleasant in the end, any way. By agreement, the conversation in Roxy’s presence was all about the man’s “upcountry” farm, and how pleasant a place it was, and how happy the slaves were there; so poor Roxy was entirely deceived; and easily, for she was not dreaming that her own son could be guilty of treason to a mother who, in voluntarily going into slavery—slavery of any kind, mild or severe, or of any duration, brief or long—was making a sacrifice for him compared with which death would have been a poor and commonplace one. She lavished tears and loving caresses upon him privately, and then went away with 219her owner—went away broken-hearted, and yet proud of what she was doing, and glad it was in her power to do it. Tom squared his accounts, and resolved to keep to the very letter of his reform, and never to put that will in jeopardy again. He had three hundred dollars left. According to his mother’s plan, he was to put that safely away, and add her half of his pension to it monthly. In one year this fund would buy her free again. For a whole week he was not able to sleep well, so much the villainy which he had played upon his trusting mother preyed upon his rag of a conscience; but after that he began to get comfortable again, and was presently able to sleep like any other miscreant. The boat bore Roxy away from St. Louis at four in the afternoon, and she stood on the lower guard abaft the paddle-box and watched Tom through a blur of tears until he melted into the throng of people and disappeared; then she looked no more, but sat there on a coil of cable crying till far into the night. When she went to her foul steerage-bunk at last, between the clashing engines, it was not to sleep, but only to wait for the morning, and, waiting, grieve. It had been imagined that she “would not know,” and would think she was traveling up stream. She! Why, she had been steamboating for years. At dawn she got up and went listlessly and sat down on the cable-coil again. She passed many a snag whose “break” could have told her a thing to break her heart, for it showed a current moving in the same direction that the boat was going; but her thoughts were elsewhere, and she did not notice. But at last the roar of a bigger and nearer break than usual brought her out of her torpor, and she looked up, and her practised eye fell upon that telltale rush of water. For one moment her petrified gaze fixed itself there. Then her head dropped upon her breast, and she said— “Oh, de good Lord God have mercy on po’ sinful me— ” I’s sole down de river! About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Mark Twain (2004). The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/102/pg102-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Sold Down the River

Five Weeks in a Balloon by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Chapter XLIV here CHAPTER FORTY-FOURTH. Conclusion.—The Certificate.—The French Settlements.—The Post of Medina.—The Basilic.—Saint Louis.—The English Frigate.—The Return to London. The expedition upon the bank of the river had been sent by the governor of Senegal. It consisted of two officers, Messrs. Dufraisse, lieutenant of marines, and Rodamel, naval ensign, and with these were a sergeant and seven soldiers. For two days they had been engaged in reconnoitring the most favorable situation for a post at Gouina, when they became witnesses of Dr. Ferguson’s arrival. The warm greetings and felicitations of which our travellers were the recipients may be imagined. The Frenchmen, and they alone, having had ocular proof of the accomplishment of the daring project, naturally became Dr. Ferguson’s witnesses. Hence the doctor at once asked them to give their official testimony of his arrival at the cataracts of Gouina. “You would have no objection to signing a certificate of the fact, would you?” he inquired of Lieutenant Dufraisse. “At your orders!” the latter instantly replied. The Englishmen were escorted to a provisional post established on the bank of the river, where they found the most assiduous attention, and every thing to supply their wants. And there the following certificate was drawn up in the terms in which it appears to-day, in the archives of the Royal Geographical Society of London: “We, the undersigned, do hereby declare that, on the day herein mentioned, we witnessed the arrival of Dr. Ferguson and his two companions, Richard Kennedy and Joseph Wilson, clinging to the cordage and network of a balloon, and that the said balloon fell at a distance of a few paces from us into the river, and being swept away by the current was lost in the cataracts of Gouina. In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals beside those of the persons hereinabove named, for the information of all whom it may concern. “Done at the Cataracts of Gouina, on the 24th of May, 1862. “(Signed), “SAMUEL FERGUSON “RICHARD KENNEDY, “JOSEPH WILSON, “DUFRAISSE, , “RODAMEL, , “DUFAYS, , “FLIPPEAU, MAYOR, PELISSIER, LOROIS, RASCAGNET, GUILLON, LEBEL, .” Lieutenant of Marines Naval Ensign Sergeant Privates Here ended the astonishing journey of Dr. Ferguson and his brave companions, as vouched for by undeniable testimony; and they found themselves among friends in the midst of most hospitable tribes, whose relations with the French settlements are frequent and amicable. They had arrived at Senegal on Saturday, the 24th of May, and on the 27th of the same month they reached the post of Medina, situated a little farther to the north, but on the river. There the French officers received them with open arms, and lavished upon them all the resources of their hospitality. Thus aided, the doctor and his friends were enabled to embark almost immediately on the small steamer called the , which ran down to the mouth of the river. Basilic Two weeks later, on the 10th of June, they arrived at Saint Louis, where the governor gave them a magnificent reception, and they recovered completely from their excitement and fatigue. Besides, Joe said to every one who chose to listen: “That was a stupid trip of ours, after all, and I wouldn’t advise any body who is greedy for excitement to undertake it. It gets very tiresome at the last, and if it hadn’t been for the adventures on Lake Tchad and at the Senegal River, I do believe that we’d have died of yawning.” An English frigate was just about to sail, and the three travellers procured passage on board of her. On the 25th of June they arrived at Portsmouth, and on the next day at London. We will not describe the reception they got from the Royal Geographical Society, nor the intense curiosity and consideration of which they became the objects. Kennedy set off, at once, for Edinburgh, with his famous rifle, for he was in haste to relieve the anxiety of his faithful old housekeeper. The doctor and his devoted Joe remained the same men that we have known them, excepting that one change took place at their own suggestion. They ceased to be master and servant, in order to become bosom friends. The journals of all Europe were untiring in their praises of the bold explorers, and the struck off an edition of three hundred and seventy-seven thousand copies on the day when it published a sketch of the trip. Daily Telegraph Doctor Ferguson, at a public meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, gave a recital of his journey through the air, and obtained for himself and his companions the golden medal set apart to reward the most remarkable exploring expedition of the year 1862. The first result of Dr. Ferguson’s expedition was to establish, in the most precise manner, the facts and geographical surveys reported by Messrs. Barth, Burton, Speke, and others. Thanks to the still more recent expeditions of Messrs. Speke and Grant, De Heuglin and Muntzinger, who have been ascending to the sources of the Nile, and penetrating to the centre of Africa, we shall be enabled ere long to verify, in turn, the discoveries of Dr. Ferguson in that vast region comprised between the fourteenth and thirty-third degrees of east longitude. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (2002). Five Weeks in a Balloon. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3526/pg3526-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

The expedition upon the bank of the river

Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . THE BLACK RIVER here CHAPTER XIII: THE BLACK RIVER The portion of the terrestrial globe which is covered by water is estimated at upwards of eighty millions of acres. This fluid mass comprises two billions two hundred and fifty millions of cubic miles, forming a spherical body of a diameter of sixty leagues, the weight of which would be three quintillions of tons. To comprehend the meaning of these figures, it is necessary to observe that a quintillion is to a billion as a billion is to unity; in other words, there are as many billions in a quintillion as there are units in a billion. This mass of fluid is equal to about the quantity of water which would be discharged by all the rivers of the earth in forty thousand years. During the geological epochs, the igneous period succeeded to the aqeous. The ocean originally prevailed everywhere. Then by degrees, in the silurian period, the tops of the mountains began to appear, the islands emerged, then disappeared in partial deluges, reappeared, became settled, formed continents, till at length the earth became geographically arranged, as we see in the present day. The solid had wrested from the liquid thirty-seven million six hundred and fifty-seven square miles, equal to twelve billion nine hundred and sixty millions of acres. The shape of continents allows us to divide the waters into five great portions: the Arctic or Frozen Ocean, the Antarctic or Frozen Ocean, the Indian, the Atlantic, and the Pacific Oceans. The Pacific Ocean extends from north to south between the two polar circles, and from east to west between Asia and America, over an extent of 145 degrees of longitude. It is the quietest of seas; its currents are broad and slow, it has medium tides, and abundant rain. Such was the ocean that my fate destined me first to travel over under these strange conditions. “Sir,” said Captain Nemo, “we will, if you please, take our bearings and fix the starting-point of this voyage. It is a quarter to twelve; I will go up again to the surface.” The Captain pressed an electric clock three times. The pumps began to drive the water from the tanks; the needle of the manometer marked by a different pressure the ascent of the , then it stopped. Nautilus “We have arrived,” said the Captain. I went to the central staircase which opened on to the platform, clambered up the iron steps, and found myself on the upper part of the . Nautilus The platform was only three feet out of water. The front and back of the was of that spindle-shape which caused it justly to be compared to a cigar. I noticed that its iron plates, slightly overlaying each other, resembled the shell which clothes the bodies of our large terrestrial reptiles. It explained to me how natural it was, in spite of all glasses, that this boat should have been taken for a marine animal. Nautilus Toward the middle of the platform the long-boat, half buried in the hull of the vessel, formed a slight excrescence. Fore and aft rose two cages of medium height with inclined sides, and partly closed by thick lenticular glasses; one destined for the steersman who directed the , the other containing a brilliant lantern to give light on the road. Nautilus The sea was beautiful, the sky pure. Scarcely could the long vehicle feel the broad undulations of the ocean. A light breeze from the east rippled the surface of the waters. The horizon, free from fog, made observation easy. Nothing was in sight. Not a quicksand, not an island. A vast desert. Captain Nemo, by the help of his sextant, took the altitude of the sun, which ought also to give the latitude. He waited for some moments till its disc touched the horizon. Whilst taking observations not a muscle moved, the instrument could not have been more motionless in a hand of marble. “Twelve o’clock, sir,” said he. “When you like——” I cast a last look upon the sea, slightly yellowed by the Japanese coast, and descended to the saloon. “And now, sir, I leave you to your studies,” added the Captain; “our course is E.N.E., our depth is twenty-six fathoms. Here are maps on a large scale by which you may follow it. The saloon is at your disposal, and with your permission, I will retire.” Captain Nemo bowed, and I remained alone, lost in thoughts all bearing on the commander of the . Nautilus For a whole hour was I deep in these reflections, seeking to pierce this mystery so interesting to me. Then my eyes fell upon the vast planisphere spread upon the table, and I placed my finger on the very spot where the given latitude and longitude crossed. The sea has its large rivers like the continents. They are special currents known by their temperature and their colour. The most remarkable of these is known by the name of the Gulf Stream. Science has decided on the globe the direction of five principal currents: one in the North Atlantic, a second in the South, a third in the North Pacific, a fourth in the South, and a fifth in the Southern Indian Ocean. It is even probable that a sixth current existed at one time or another in the Northern Indian Ocean, when the Caspian and Aral Seas formed but one vast sheet of water. At this point indicated on the planisphere one of these currents was rolling, the Kuro-Scivo of the Japanese, the Black River, which, leaving the Gulf of Bengal, where it is warmed by the perpendicular rays of a tropical sun, crosses the Straits of Malacca along the coast of Asia, turns into the North Pacific to the Aleutian Islands, carrying with it trunks of camphor-trees and other indigenous productions, and edging the waves of the ocean with the pure indigo of its warm water. It was this current that the was to follow. I followed it with my eye; saw it lose itself in the vastness of the Pacific, and felt myself drawn with it, when Ned Land and Conseil appeared at the door of the saloon. Nautilus My two brave companions remained petrified at the sight of the wonders spread before them. “Where are we, where are we?” exclaimed the Canadian. “In the museum at Quebec?” “My friends,” I answered, making a sign for them to enter, “you are not in Canada, but on board the , fifty yards below the level of the sea.” Nautilus “But, M. Aronnax,” said Ned Land, “can you tell me how many men there are on board? Ten, twenty, fifty, a hundred?” “I cannot answer you, Mr. Land; it is better to abandon for a time all idea of seizing the or escaping from it. This ship is a masterpiece of modern industry, and I should be sorry not to have seen it. Many people would accept the situation forced upon us, if only to move amongst such wonders. So be quiet and let us try and see what passes around us.” Nautilus “See!” exclaimed the harpooner, “but we can see nothing in this iron prison! We are walking—we are sailing—blindly.” Ned Land had scarcely pronounced these words when all was suddenly darkness. The luminous ceiling was gone, and so rapidly that my eyes received a painful impression. We remained mute, not stirring, and not knowing what surprise awaited us, whether agreeable or disagreeable. A sliding noise was heard: one would have said that panels were working at the sides of the . Nautilus “It is the end of the end!” said Ned Land. Suddenly light broke at each side of the saloon, through two oblong openings. The liquid mass appeared vividly lit up by the electric gleam. Two crystal plates separated us from the sea. At first I trembled at the thought that this frail partition might break, but strong bands of copper bound them, giving an almost infinite power of resistance. The sea was distinctly visible for a mile all round the . What a spectacle! What pen can describe it? Who could paint the effects of the light through those transparent sheets of water, and the softness of the successive gradations from the lower to the superior strata of the ocean? Nautilus We know the transparency of the sea and that its clearness is far beyond that of rock-water. The mineral and organic substances which it holds in suspension heightens its transparency. In certain parts of the ocean at the Antilles, under seventy-five fathoms of water, can be seen with surprising clearness a bed of sand. The penetrating power of the solar rays does not seem to cease for a depth of one hundred and fifty fathoms. But in this middle fluid travelled over by the , the electric brightness was produced even in the bosom of the waves. It was no longer luminous water, but liquid light. Nautilus On each side a window opened into this unexplored abyss. The obscurity of the saloon showed to advantage the brightness outside, and we looked out as if this pure crystal had been the glass of an immense aquarium. “You wished to see, friend Ned; well, you see now.” “Curious! curious!” muttered the Canadian, who, forgetting his ill-temper, seemed to submit to some irresistible attraction; “and one would come further than this to admire such a sight!” “Ah!” thought I to myself, “I understand the life of this man; he has made a world apart for himself, in which he treasures all his greatest wonders.” For two whole hours an aquatic army escorted the . During their games, their bounds, while rivalling each other in beauty, brightness, and velocity, I distinguished the green labre; the banded mullet, marked by a double line of black; the round-tailed goby, of a white colour, with violet spots on the back; the Japanese scombrus, a beautiful mackerel of those seas, with a blue body and silvery head; the brilliant azurors, whose name alone defies description; some banded spares, with variegated fins of blue and yellow; the woodcocks of the seas, some specimens of which attain a yard in length; Japanese salamanders, spider lampreys, serpents six feet long, with eyes small and lively, and a huge mouth bristling with teeth; with many other species. Nautilus Our imagination was kept at its height, interjections followed quickly on each other. Ned named the fish, and Conseil classed them. I was in ecstasies with the vivacity of their movements and the beauty of their forms. Never had it been given to me to surprise these animals, alive and at liberty, in their natural element. I will not mention all the varieties which passed before my dazzled eyes, all the collection of the seas of China and Japan. These fish, more numerous than the birds of the air, came, attracted, no doubt, by the brilliant focus of the electric light. Suddenly there was daylight in the saloon, the iron panels closed again, and the enchanting vision disappeared. But for a long time I dreamt on till my eyes fell on the instruments hanging on the partition. The compass still showed the course to be E.N.E., the manometer indicated a pressure of five atmospheres, equivalent to a depth of twenty-five fathoms, and the electric log gave a speed of fifteen miles an hour. I expected Captain Nemo, but he did not appear. The clock marked the hour of five. Ned Land and Conseil returned to their cabin, and I retired to my chamber. My dinner was ready. It was composed of turtle soup made of the most delicate hawksbills, of a surmullet served with puff paste (the liver of which, prepared by itself, was most delicious), and fillets of the emperor-holocanthus, the savour of which seemed to me superior even to salmon. I passed the evening reading, writing, and thinking. Then sleep overpowered me, and I stretched myself on my couch of zostera, and slept profoundly, whilst the was gliding rapidly through the current of the Black River. Nautilus About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1994). Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/164/164-h/164-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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