CAA Consulting won a coveted assignment as T-Mobile’s agency of record, reports SBJ's Terry Lefton, as the wireless carrier consolidated its marketing shops. This was a highly scrutinized review, since the wireless category represents the biggest marketing spenders per se -- and across sports.

SBJ Unpacks: CAA becomes T-Mobile’s agency of record

This once again demonstrates WeRide's leading applications in self-driving technology to the world. As the only dynamic display of autonomous driving technology at FII7, WeRide's Robobus provided a three-day VIP trial rides at the King Abdulaziz ...

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In the wake of the grand 10th-anniversary celebrations of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the world eagerly awaited China's plans for the future. The anniversary marked a significant milestone in a journey dedicated to international cooperation and fruitful outcomes.

A multidimensional belt and road initiative for a connected world

With Creatio, Lee Trans successfully built 270 processes, automating many manual systems, and replacing them with more streamlined and integrated solutions. Unlike before, the company could no develop these solutions internally, without the need for an army of developers.

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For 10 years, guided by innovative ideas, Belt and Road cooperation has pooled resources of innovation and brought tangible benefits to the people.

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Central Luzon schools receive Starlink satellite internet, bridging the digital divide and empowering students for a brighter future.

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Learners in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) in Central Luzon will soon have access to the internet which could help address the digital gaps in the education sector.The Department of Science and Technology-Central Luzon (DOST-3)

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State legislative leaders have issued a new report that stresses the importance and urgency of replacing the spans crossing the Cape Cod Canal. The report calls for federal funding to

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RebelDot

rebeldot

Rebel Bots, an upcoming NFT game to launch on the Polygon blockchain, announced today it has secured investments from top tier investors including Ubisoft, Overwolf, and Makers fund, via a $2M private token sale following a prior $2M seed round investment. The successful private round closed ahead of the upcoming public launch of the RBLS governance token which will be held at the end of January 2022. Unlike many blockchain games, Rebel Bots have captured the interest of the non-crypto sector and the majority of private round investors come from the gaming and entertainment sectors. Joining the previously mentioned Ubisoft, Overwolf, and Makers Fund includes investors such as Remagine Ventures and LD Capital. The Rebel Bots first title, Xoil Wars is a skilled-based, sci-fi-themed digital card battle game that allows players to battle and compete against other players. Successful players are rewarded with game resources which then allows them to build new, more advanced robotic soldier characters in the form of NFTs, progress, and rank higher in leaderboards for season prizes. This successful funding round comes a few months after the Rebel Bots initial game-related NFT collection was sold out in August, which allowed the team to build an engaged community and generated an additional $1 million for the game development. Since selling out, the collection has seen increasing transaction volume through the Opensea marketplace. Buyers are driven by the utility of owning the NFT, as every Rebel Bot owner will be able to form his own kingdom within the game. Further details about the game can be found on the newly launched Rebel Bots Xoil Wars game website. The upcoming game is developed on Unity and will be launched on both web and mobile platforms in Q2 this year. The makers, who have years of experience in developing social games for mobile, aspire to make their new game suitable for all gaming fans, with fast onboarding for new players and rich gameplay with integrated player-to-player social interaction features. In addition to the Rebel Bots NFT collection available on Opensea, the company will release the player NFT collections including 150,000 NFT land plots, which will be sold together as a package with 3 fighting bot NFTs which act as the playable characters in the game. The land sale will take place in February and allows each player who purchases the NFT bundle to be one of the first to enter the game. The team says these land NFTs will be sold at a very affordable price to ensure every player will be able to purchase the NFTs required to enter and play the game upon release. With this investment announced today the team behind the Rebel Bots believe they can become one of the biggest names in the fast-growing play to earn space. Home page: https://rebelbots.com/ Social Links: Twitter - https://twitter.com/REBEL_BOTS Discord: https://discord.gg/rebelbots

Gaming Giant Ubisoft Invests in RebelBots P2E Game During $2M Private Token Sale

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Authors:
(1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction
Computational Approaches in Editorial Design
System
Experimentation and Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments and References Abstract This paper proposes a generative approach for the automatic typesetting of books in desktop publishing. The presented system consists in a computer script that operates inside a widely used design software tool and implements a generative process based on several typographic rules, styles and principles which have been identified in the literature. The performance of the proposed system is tested through an experiment which included the evaluation of its outputs with people. The results reveal the ability of the system to consistently create varied book designs from the same input content as well as visually coherent book designs with different contents while complying with fundamental typographic principles. Keywords Design tools; Data-driven Design; Generative Design; Graphic design; Typography. 1. Introduction Typography is the art of giving our language a visual form. Thus, it is through typography that we materialise and store our knowledge and information [1]. Since the publication of the first typographic book, in the mid-fifteenth century, society has been looking for the most appropriate way to convey a message typographically. In the field of editorial design, this effort has focused on the search for the best principles for designing typographic compositions, such as books [2]. Advances in digital technologies have been changing the work process of graphic designers. The emergence of computational approaches in the design domain enabled designers to explore new perspectives, new conceptual and visual possibilities, and achieve new types of solutions. Furthermore, the emergence of computational approaches comes with a paradigm shift in the role of the designer, who begins to create processes that enable the creation of designs, instead of designing the final solution. In other words, the design concept is translated into a computer program that systematically explores various design possibilities from the original concept. That said, in the particular case of layout design, we consider that the potential of computational approaches is not yet being fully explored. In this work, we explore a computational generative approach for the automatic design of book layouts. The result is a computer system, which operates inside the Adobe InDesign environment, that automatically generates book designs from input content. Figure 1 shows different books created with the presented system. It starts by receiving the input content, namely text and images. Before generating compositions for the input content, the designer can specify restrictions on some of the visual characteristics of the output compositions, e.g. format, size, grid and font. Then, the system automatically typesets the content based on a set of typography rules and principles found in fundamental literature in the field. In the end, the system presents the generated composition to the user as an editable Adobe InDesign document. Overall, the system is capable of creating layout compositions that comply with specific fundamental typographic principles while matching the graphic preferences of the user. In addition, experiments conducted with the system demonstrate its ability to autonomously generate varied compositions with the same input content and also generate visually coherent compositions for different input contents. In addition, it creates functional layout designs in an almost unpredictable manner. This reveals the great potential of this approach to layout design, both in generating outputs that the designer uses as final solutions and in using the outputs as starting points for further explorations. This work is aligned with the experiments previously developed by Ferreira et al. [3] The remaining of the article is organised as follows: Section 2 overviews related works; Section 3 describes the system, namely the interaction process, the engine that runs the system, as well as its inputs and outputs; Section 4 presents an experiment conducted to validate the designs created with the system and discusses the results obtained; Lastly, Section 5 summarises the main contributions of this work and identifies future work. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Authors: Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System System Experimentation and Discussion Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Acknowledgments and References Abstract This paper proposes a generative approach for the automatic typesetting of books in desktop publishing. The presented system consists in a computer script that operates inside a widely used design software tool and implements a generative process based on several typographic rules, styles and principles which have been identified in the literature. The performance of the proposed system is tested through an experiment which included the evaluation of its outputs with people. The results reveal the ability of the system to consistently create varied book designs from the same input content as well as visually coherent book designs with different contents while complying with fundamental typographic principles. Keywords Keywords Design tools; Data-driven Design; Generative Design; Graphic design; Typography. 1. Introduction Typography is the art of giving our language a visual form. Thus, it is through typography that we materialise and store our knowledge and information [1]. Since the publication of the first typographic book, in the mid-fifteenth century, society has been looking for the most appropriate way to convey a message typographically. In the field of editorial design, this effort has focused on the search for the best principles for designing typographic compositions, such as books [2]. Advances in digital technologies have been changing the work process of graphic designers. The emergence of computational approaches in the design domain enabled designers to explore new perspectives, new conceptual and visual possibilities, and achieve new types of solutions. Furthermore, the emergence of computational approaches comes with a paradigm shift in the role of the designer, who begins to create processes that enable the creation of designs, instead of designing the final solution. In other words, the design concept is translated into a computer program that systematically explores various design possibilities from the original concept. That said, in the particular case of layout design, we consider that the potential of computational approaches is not yet being fully explored. In this work, we explore a computational generative approach for the automatic design of book layouts. The result is a computer system, which operates inside the Adobe InDesign environment, that automatically generates book designs from input content. Figure 1 shows different books created with the presented system. It starts by receiving the input content, namely text and images. Before generating compositions for the input content, the designer can specify restrictions on some of the visual characteristics of the output compositions, e.g. format, size, grid and font. Then, the system automatically typesets the content based on a set of typography rules and principles found in fundamental literature in the field. In the end, the system presents the generated composition to the user as an editable Adobe InDesign document. Overall, the system is capable of creating layout compositions that comply with specific fundamental typographic principles while matching the graphic preferences of the user. In addition, experiments conducted with the system demonstrate its ability to autonomously generate varied compositions with the same input content and also generate visually coherent compositions for different input contents. In addition, it creates functional layout designs in an almost unpredictable manner. This reveals the great potential of this approach to layout design, both in generating outputs that the designer uses as final solutions and in using the outputs as starting points for further explorations. This work is aligned with the experiments previously developed by Ferreira et al. [3] The remaining of the article is organised as follows: Section 2 overviews related works; Section 3 describes the system, namely the interaction process, the engine that runs the system, as well as its inputs and outputs; Section 4 presents an experiment conducted to validate the designs created with the system and discusses the results obtained; Lastly, Section 5 summarises the main contributions of this work and identifies future work. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Towards the Automation of Book Typesetting: Abstract and Introduction

Authors:
(1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction
Computational Approaches in Editorial Design
System
Experimentation and Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments and References 5. Conclusion We have presented a novel approach to computationally design books. The presented system implements a generative design process which takes advantage of the scripting capabilities of Adobe InDesign to procedurally typeset books from content provided by the user. We have shown the ability of the system to (i) create book designs that consistently comply with a series of typographic rules, styles and principles identified in the literature; (ii) produce visually diversified books from the same input content; and (iii) produce visually coherent books with different contents. The work presented in the paper may challenge the typical roles of both the tool and the designer. First, by automatically creating and suggesting design alternatives, the tool ends up playing a more active role in the design process. Then, by modifying and developing custom tools, the designer is no longer a mere tool user and becomes the author of tools tailored to specific needs. We believe this shift can be fruitful since it enables the exploration and discovery of new technical and creative possibilities. This work can hopefully provide directions to further research on generative processes for supporting design exploration and finding unique designs. In the particular case of typography, generative approaches such as the one presented in the paper can be useful and reveal great potential, especially in the current print-on-demand market and digital publishing, where each publication may be unique. Our future work will move in the direction of employing Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Evolutionary Computation and Machine Learning, to enable a deeper exploration of the vast space of book designs that can be achieved with the system and also to automatically suggest settings to designers according to their needs or goals. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Authors: Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System System Experimentation and Discussion Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Acknowledgments and References 5. Conclusion We have presented a novel approach to computationally design books. The presented system implements a generative design process which takes advantage of the scripting capabilities of Adobe InDesign to procedurally typeset books from content provided by the user. We have shown the ability of the system to (i) create book designs that consistently comply with a series of typographic rules, styles and principles identified in the literature; (ii) produce visually diversified books from the same input content; and (iii) produce visually coherent books with different contents. The work presented in the paper may challenge the typical roles of both the tool and the designer. First, by automatically creating and suggesting design alternatives, the tool ends up playing a more active role in the design process. Then, by modifying and developing custom tools, the designer is no longer a mere tool user and becomes the author of tools tailored to specific needs. We believe this shift can be fruitful since it enables the exploration and discovery of new technical and creative possibilities. This work can hopefully provide directions to further research on generative processes for supporting design exploration and finding unique designs. In the particular case of typography, generative approaches such as the one presented in the paper can be useful and reveal great potential, especially in the current print-on-demand market and digital publishing, where each publication may be unique. Our future work will move in the direction of employing Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Evolutionary Computation and Machine Learning, to enable a deeper exploration of the vast space of book designs that can be achieved with the system and also to automatically suggest settings to designers according to their needs or goals. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Towards the Automation of Book Typesetting: Conclusion

Towards the Automation of Book Typesetting: Acknowledgments and References

Authors:
(1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author;
(4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction
Computational Approaches in Editorial Design
System
Experimentation and Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments and References 2. Computational Approaches in Editorial Design Systematic approaches have been popular in layout design since the mid-twentieth century when some creative practitioners designed layouts based on grids and the variation of the visual features of typographic elements [4–6]. Some works have explored algorithmic approaches for book layout design. In the 1960s, Gerstner introduced a selective and combinatorial method for the design of graphics, including layouts [7]. Afterwards, he translated it into a logical language that computers could understand in Compendium for Literates: A system of Writing [8]. LeWitt compiled, in 1971, a set of formal instructions to design a conceptual art exhibition catalogue [9]. Already in the 1980s, Knuth and Plass [10] presented a dynamic programming algorithm to page breaks avoiding widows and orphans and employed it to typeset a two-column dictionary. Soon thereafter, Knuth introduced the parametric typeface design language, Metafont [11] and the TeX typesetting system [12], enabling anybody to produce a book using a structural markup language and a set of high-level commands. Cooper and her students, at the Visible Language Workshop, experimented with the generation of layouts, e.g. publications that resulted from the collaboration with IBM [13] and the cover for Design Quarterly 142 [14]. In the mid1990s, Maeda also designed a series of digital booklets, the Reactive Book series, where the graphics are controlled interactively by user input [15]. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, we observed the increasing employment of the use of computational graphic design approaches, especially because of the development of easier-to-use creative code environments [16,17]. A solid overview of the field is presented, for instance, by Reas et al. [6] or Richardson [18]. These approaches have been explored in several artistic and creative domains, including the generation of visual and communication artefacts such as poster designs (e.g. Rebelo et al. [19] or Guo et al. [20]), banners (e.g. Gatarski [21] or Yin et al. [22]), user interfaces (e.g. Quiroz et al. [23] or Amitani et al. [24]), visual identities (e.g. Levin [25] or Neue [26]), type designs (e.g. Ahn & Jin [27] or Martins et al. [28]), among others. In the context of book typesetting, two frameworks are stimulating the adoption of computational practices. The library Basil.js [29] provides friendly and accessible tools for scripting and automation in Adobe InDesign. Then, the opensource framework The Magic Book [30] facilitates the design, production, and self-publishing of books. Tailor-made procedural and template-based approaches are employed in the generation and definition of layouts, modification of layouts based on their contents and/or inter-relationships between the elements. LettError type design studio used random processes and parametric design methods to design several typographic artefacts such as calendars, type specimens and even their portfolio [31,32]. Oliveira [33] presented a recursive division method to place elements on both one and multiple-column grid layouts. Cleveland [34] proposed a method for generating style-based design layouts that explores the inter-relationships between text and graphics. Also, he presented a system to generate layouts employing these principles. LUST developed a set of scripts to layout and stylise the book “I Read Where I am” informed by its content [35]. Damera-Venkata et al. [36] presented a template-based probabilistic framework for generating document layouts for variable content. Ahmadullin and Damera-Venkata [37] also presented a probabilistic model for newspaper typeset that, based on given content, divides the available layout into regions and optimises the content to fit within these regions. Flipboard developed Duplo [38], a layout engine that creates news magazines adapted to its contents and based on a set of heuristics such as the amount and flux of text or the existence and position of images. We can also observe the use of Artificial Intelligence approaches for typesetting. Evolutionary computation and greedy approaches have been used to create layouts with varied purposes. For example, Geigel and Loui [39] evolved layouts for photo books by evaluating different aesthetic criteria. Goldenberg [40] employed an evolutionary approach to automatically generate page layouts, minimising the waste of space on the page. Gonzalvez et al. [41] used a greedy simulated annealing algorithm to create multi-column newspaper layouts. Purvis et al. [42] automatically evolved documents using a multi-objective optimisation approach, considering a set of layout constraints and aesthetic measures. Quiroz et al. [43] evolved brochure documents according to user preferences and design guidelines. Strecker and Hennig [44] proposed a grid-based method for newspaper layouts, minimising the wasted space and bearing in mind newspaper design aesthetic measures. Boll et al. [45] and Sandhaus et al. [46,47] evolved photo layouts based on rules of layout design and proposed a method to transform a blog into a photo book considering different aesthetic requirements. Önduygu [48] developed the system Gráphagos that generates compositions through the interactive evolution of specific features of visual elements. Klein [49] developed the tool Crossing, Mixing, Mutating to create variations in a template using genetic operators. Later, an updated version of this tool was released as an InDesign plug-in named Evolving Layout [50]. Lopes et al. [51] developed the system evoDesigner, which automatically creates and evolves designs in the InDesign environment. Recently, Machine Learning approaches have been employed in the layout design field taking into account the relation between elements on layout and the learning of specific typesetting and design styles, e.g. Zheng et al. [52], Li et al. [53], or Kikuchi et al. [54]. Our analysis of the related work unveils a series of computational approaches that reveal great potential for the support and automatisation of the creation of book layouts. However, as far as we know, the existing approaches on this context rarely enable the subsequent modification of the generated designs, even less in the natural working environment of the designer. This way, it is difficult to introduce such computational technologies in the design process in an easy and fluid fashion. Also, we denoted that most of these approaches do not present a multipurpose objective, being developed to generate specific designs. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Authors: Authors: (1) Sérgio M. Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (2) Tiago Martins, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (3) Diogo Ferreira, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal and a Corresponding author; (4) Artur Rebelo, University of Coimbra, Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Department of Informatics Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal. Table of Links Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Abstract and 1. Introduction Abstract and 1. Introduction Computational Approaches in Editorial Design Computational Approaches in Editorial Design System System Experimentation and Discussion Experimentation and Discussion Conclusion Conclusion Acknowledgments and References Acknowledgments and References 2. Computational Approaches in Editorial Design Systematic approaches have been popular in layout design since the mid-twentieth century when some creative practitioners designed layouts based on grids and the variation of the visual features of typographic elements [4–6]. Some works have explored algorithmic approaches for book layout design. In the 1960s, Gerstner introduced a selective and combinatorial method for the design of graphics, including layouts [7]. Afterwards, he translated it into a logical language that computers could understand in Compendium for Literates: A system of Writing [8]. LeWitt compiled, in 1971, a set of formal instructions to design a conceptual art exhibition catalogue [9]. Already in the 1980s, Knuth and Plass [10] presented a dynamic programming algorithm to page breaks avoiding widows and orphans and employed it to typeset a two-column dictionary. Soon thereafter, Knuth introduced the parametric typeface design language, Metafont [11] and the TeX typesetting system [12], enabling anybody to produce a book using a structural markup language and a set of high-level commands. Cooper and her students, at the Visible Language Workshop, experimented with the generation of layouts, e.g. publications that resulted from the collaboration with IBM [13] and the cover for Design Quarterly 142 [14]. In the mid1990s, Maeda also designed a series of digital booklets, the Reactive Book series, where the graphics are controlled interactively by user input [15]. Nevertheless, in the last two decades, we observed the increasing employment of the use of computational graphic design approaches, especially because of the development of easier-to-use creative code environments [16,17]. A solid overview of the field is presented, for instance, by Reas et al. [6] or Richardson [18]. These approaches have been explored in several artistic and creative domains, including the generation of visual and communication artefacts such as poster designs (e.g. Rebelo et al. [19] or Guo et al. [20]), banners (e.g. Gatarski [21] or Yin et al. [22]), user interfaces (e.g. Quiroz et al. [23] or Amitani et al. [24]), visual identities (e.g. Levin [25] or Neue [26]), type designs (e.g. Ahn & Jin [27] or Martins et al. [28]), among others. In the context of book typesetting, two frameworks are stimulating the adoption of computational practices. The library Basil.js [29] provides friendly and accessible tools for scripting and automation in Adobe InDesign. Then, the opensource framework The Magic Book [30] facilitates the design, production, and self-publishing of books. Tailor-made procedural and template-based approaches are employed in the generation and definition of layouts, modification of layouts based on their contents and/or inter-relationships between the elements. LettError type design studio used random processes and parametric design methods to design several typographic artefacts such as calendars, type specimens and even their portfolio [31,32]. Oliveira [33] presented a recursive division method to place elements on both one and multiple-column grid layouts. Cleveland [34] proposed a method for generating style-based design layouts that explores the inter-relationships between text and graphics. Also, he presented a system to generate layouts employing these principles. LUST developed a set of scripts to layout and stylise the book “I Read Where I am” informed by its content [35]. Damera-Venkata et al. [36] presented a template-based probabilistic framework for generating document layouts for variable content. Ahmadullin and Damera-Venkata [37] also presented a probabilistic model for newspaper typeset that, based on given content, divides the available layout into regions and optimises the content to fit within these regions. Flipboard developed Duplo [38], a layout engine that creates news magazines adapted to its contents and based on a set of heuristics such as the amount and flux of text or the existence and position of images. We can also observe the use of Artificial Intelligence approaches for typesetting. Evolutionary computation and greedy approaches have been used to create layouts with varied purposes. For example, Geigel and Loui [39] evolved layouts for photo books by evaluating different aesthetic criteria. Goldenberg [40] employed an evolutionary approach to automatically generate page layouts, minimising the waste of space on the page. Gonzalvez et al. [41] used a greedy simulated annealing algorithm to create multi-column newspaper layouts. Purvis et al. [42] automatically evolved documents using a multi-objective optimisation approach, considering a set of layout constraints and aesthetic measures. Quiroz et al. [43] evolved brochure documents according to user preferences and design guidelines. Strecker and Hennig [44] proposed a grid-based method for newspaper layouts, minimising the wasted space and bearing in mind newspaper design aesthetic measures. Boll et al. [45] and Sandhaus et al. [46,47] evolved photo layouts based on rules of layout design and proposed a method to transform a blog into a photo book considering different aesthetic requirements. Önduygu [48] developed the system Gráphagos that generates compositions through the interactive evolution of specific features of visual elements. Klein [49] developed the tool Crossing, Mixing, Mutating to create variations in a template using genetic operators. Later, an updated version of this tool was released as an InDesign plug-in named Evolving Layout [50]. Lopes et al. [51] developed the system evoDesigner, which automatically creates and evolves designs in the InDesign environment. Recently, Machine Learning approaches have been employed in the layout design field taking into account the relation between elements on layout and the learning of specific typesetting and design styles, e.g. Zheng et al. [52], Li et al. [53], or Kikuchi et al. [54]. Our analysis of the related work unveils a series of computational approaches that reveal great potential for the support and automatisation of the creation of book layouts. However, as far as we know, the existing approaches on this context rarely enable the subsequent modification of the generated designs, even less in the natural working environment of the designer. This way, it is difficult to introduce such computational technologies in the design process in an easy and fluid fashion. Also, we denoted that most of these approaches do not present a multipurpose objective, being developed to generate specific designs. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

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