Ravenis in the Product Management Tools Industry

Raven

raven

The Seven Ravens

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore— While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door— Only this and nothing more.” Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December; And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore— For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Nameless for evermore. And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating “’Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door— Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;— This it is and nothing more.” Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, “Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you”—here I opened wide the door;— Darkness there and nothing more. Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, “Lenore?” This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, “Lenore!”— Merely this and nothing more. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. “Surely,” said I, “surely that is something at my window lattice; Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore— Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;— ’Tis the wind and nothing more!” Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore; Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door— Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door— Perched, and sat, and nothing more. Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, “Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,” I said, “art sure no craven, Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shore— Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night’s Plutonian shore!” Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.” Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning—little relevancy bore; For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door— Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door, With such name as “Nevermore.” But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing farther then he uttered—not a feather then he fluttered— Till I scarcely more than muttered “Other friends have flown before— On the morrow will leave me, as my Hopes have flown before.” Then the bird said “Nevermore.” Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, “Doubtless,” said I, “what it utters is its only stock and store Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore— Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore Of ‘Never—nevermore’.” But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling, Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door; Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore— What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking “Nevermore.” This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s core; This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining On the cushion’s velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o’er, But whose velvet-violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o’er, shall press, ah, nevermore! Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by Seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. “Wretch,” I cried, “thy God hath lent thee—by these angels he hath sent thee Respite—respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore; Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!” Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.” “Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil!— Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted— On this home by Horror haunted—tell me truly, I implore— Is there— there balm in Gilead?—tell me—tell me, I implore!” Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.” “Prophet!” said I, “thing of evil!—prophet still, if bird or devil! By that Heaven that bends above us—by that God we both adore— Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.” Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.” “Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!” I shrieked, upstarting— “Get thee back into the tempest and the Night’s Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken!—quit the bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!” Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.” And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon’s that is dreaming, And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted—nevermore! here he She is still

The Raven (January 1845)

The Raven is a highly symbolic creature that is mentioned in a variety of cultures with varied purposes . One of the meanings is that of transformation. As Ravencoin is a fork of the Bitcoin code it could very well be this meaning that the developers wanted to express. It is with this imagery that we introduce . Ravencoin is a new project that was announced on October 31st, 2017 and debuted on Bitcoin’s 9th birthday on January 3rd, 2018 with the release of software for mining. Ravencoin is more than a fork of the Bitcoin code it is a project that builds upon the original vision of Bitcoin but with added new features which extend the functionality and the intrinsic value of the coin organically. Ravencoin Improved bitcoin built for assets Ravencoin: Clone of bitcoin that will be used for assets. Ravencoin is a free open source platform designed for the specific use case of transferring assets such as token-backed assets from one holder to another. While it may seem that with the development of the great blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, transferring assets between different parties is already a solved issue, it is not exactly the case. Neither Bitcoin nor Ethereum were specifically designed for facilitating ownership of additional assets, do to the fact that they simply focused their attention in other features. Ravencoin is built on a fork of the Bitcoin code. It has been implemented with a smaller block reward of one minute (the block reward is the only way that new coins are created and it is an incentive for miners to add hash power to the network), and the addition of asset creation and message capabilities. If you are a , and we are sure you are because you are reading this right now. You will agree that blockchain tech will indeed change global economic paradigm as we know it nowadays. crypto-lover However being able to send wealth transactions in a matter of seconds, internationally and with no third parties involved, is just the tip of the iceberg that this new revolution represents. In the same path of unstoppable evolution, Ravencoin will implement the way assets owners operate with their wells. It will allow them to handle efficiently the transfer of their assets to another parties. To live this world order revolution without losing any keypoint: Problem Despite the success and widespread adoption of Bitcoin and Ethereum, neither of these blockchains have been specifically designed to facilitate the ownership of additional assets on top of the tokens that are transacted throughout their respective networks. In Bitcoin, the original rules governing the blockchain and protocol must be adhered to and so this means that Bitcoin nodes are not able to register that assets are being embedded into tokens. This means that for every asset transaction made on the Bitcoin network, there must be an accompanying bitcoin transaction fee, even if the transaction is to simply send the asset. This has a result of unnecessary transaction fees whenever assets are transferred. Additionally, the other major disadvantage is that assets can easily be ‘destroyed’ if they are sent to an exchange or wallet. For Ethereum the network is not able to natively recognize smart contract tokens and this can cause some confusion due to multiple ERC20 tokens with identical names. The only distinguishing factor between contracts with identical names is the contract hash and this can confuse users or be used with malicious intent to scam others. As Ravencoin will be running on a decentralized model with independent miners to support the stability of the blockchain combined with ASIS-resistance the coin will have a good chance of staying in the hands of individuals and not centralized by one party or a group of parties that can collude to shape the outcome of an event, a vote or even the price of the coin itself. Peer to Peer Electronic System for the Creation and Transfer of Assets Optimized for transferring assets Tokens offer several advantages to traditional shares or other participation mechanisms: faster transfer speeds, increased user control, and censorship resistance, and a reduction or elimination of the need for a trusted third party. Solution The solution to the above issues is to create a Bitcoin-like system that is completely asset aware so that it recognizes when tokens have been designed as assets. With a view to solve the problem, Ravencoin will bring to life the said: “Keep it simple stupid” by focusing on creating one thing, just one specific thing… a bitcoin-like system , totally aware about when tokens are designed as assets (Based on PoW but with a new mining algorithm, x16r). This provides three advantages: Assets can be protected from accidentally being destroyed. As the protocol and the system is aware of the assets — they can be carried on the blockchain like a passenger on the train eventually getting them all safely to the destination. Users are able to issue, track, and transfer assets with each other with the ease of sending a message to one another. Now users will relay on a full platform specifically designed to issue, track and transfer assets between parties. It will provide proper security levels to the underlying assets. To do that Ravencoin will depend on a wide distribution, a strong mining community and market value to function. Main Features — Tech Overview Ok, now we understand the problem (the proposed one, between the many existing issues) that needs to be solved in current blockchain and we know the solution that Ravencoin is committed to develop in order to transcend that limitation. So… whats next?. We need to go deep into their tech… it seems boring, but we will take care of that. Only in that way we will really have knowledge and foundations to take decisions about the project. Ravencoin bring us the following features: X16R Algorithm Before we describe what X16R is we will first provide details behind what other coins have implemented for their algorithms. In the search to create and implement algorithms that are ASIC resistant (meaning that purpose built mining machines with high hash rates could not be developed) which in turn reduces the chances of centralization via large mining farms, projects have tried a variety of tactics to hinder this centralization (like we see with Bitcoin mining). The first approach was to adopt memory intensive algorithms like those used by both Scrypt and Equihash. This requirement for additional in memory calculations reduces the performance of the ASIC to more onpar of the GPU based mining with the same algorithm Another approach that was undertaken, was Dash’s approach, which was to adopt the X11 algorithm. This is the use of 11 chained hashing algorithms (hence the name) in an effort to slow down the creation of ASIC hardware. This did not prevent the design of a special purpose ASIC so once there was an ASIC for X11, others added more hashing algorithms to create additional algorithms that were named X13, X15 and X17. This makes it more difficult to create an ASIC but because the algorithms are in roughly the same order its difficult but not impossible to create an ASIC. What Ravecoin is doing is called X16r and that implementation like the others described previously use 16 algorithms for the hashing (see table below). The key difference is they have added algorithm reordering. It is this reordering based on the results from the previous block that provides more ASIC resistance than other hashing algorithms. Example: 0000000000000000007e8a29f052ac2870045ae3970270f9​7da00919b8e86287 Previous Block Hash: ​0x7da00919b8e86287 determines what the next 16 hashes should be. The final 8 bytes: Roadmap Phase 1 — Complete Ravencoin (RVN) is a Proof of Work coin built on the Bitcoin UTXO model. As with other Bitcoin derivatives, RVN coins are distributed to persons augmenting the Raven network by mining Raven. x1000 coin distribution (21 Billion Total) 10x faster blocks (1 per minute) In app CPU mining ~1.4 Day difficulty adjustment (2016 blocks) Addresses start with R… for regular addresses, or r… for multisig Network Port: 8767 RPC Port: 8766 UTXO — UNSPENT TRANSACTION OUTPUT DEFINITION The Unspent Transaction Output is key to bitcoin as this is how bitcoin keeps track of inputs and outputs on the blockchain. First let’s look at how a bank works. Assume Tom is with Bank A and has a balance of $5,000 and assume that Alice who does all her banking with Bank B has no balance. Tom wants to send $2,000 dollars to Alice. To do this Tom asks his bank to send $2,000 to Bank B in Alice’s name. The actual transaction has Tom’s balance reduced by $2,000 from $5,000 to $3,000 and Alice’s balance increases from $0 to $2,000. Taking this to the Bitcoin blockchain: Tom has received inputs in the amount of 5 BTC. This is from 4 transactions (inputs) INPUTS Received 2 BTC Received 1 BTC = 5 BTC Received 1.5 BTC Received .5 BTC In this example, Tom wants to send Alice 2 BTC. The blockchain, unlike banks, is not aware of balances as in the example above so the transaction is recorded as : OUTPUTS 2 BTC sent to Alice 3 BTC sent back to Tom → this is the Unspent Transaction Output or UTXO Phase 2 — Assets (in progress)ASIC RESISTANCE ASIC Resistance — A published commitment to continual attempts at ASIC resistance. If ASICs are created for x16r, then we will, at a specific block number, modify one of the algorithms to add Equihash, EthHash or similar efforts to increase the resistance to ASIC miners for Raven. UNIQUE ASSET SUPPORT Ravencoin will be a hard fork that extends Raven to include the ability to issue and transfer assets. The expected release of asset capabilities will be approximately seven months after the release of RVN. Raven will be extended to allow issuing, reissuing, and transfer of assets. Assets can be reissuable or limited to a set supply at the point of issuance. The cost to create assets will be 500 RVN to create any qty of an asset. Each asset name must be unique. Asset names will be limited to A-Z and 0–9, ‘ ‘ cannot be the first, or the last character, or be consecutive. ‘ and ‘.’ and must be at least three characters long. The ‘.’ and the ‘ Examples of valid assets: THE_GAME A.TOKEN 123 Examples of invalid assets: (consecutive punctuation) _TOKEN THEEND. A..B AB 12 .FIRST The RVN used to issue assets will be sent to a burn address, which will reduce the amount of RVN available. Asset transfers require the standard RVN transaction fees for transfer from one address to another. METADATA Metadata about the token can be stored in IPFS. Initially this cannot be changed. If there is a demand, the system can be updated to allow updating the metadata by the token issuer. REWARDS Reward capabilities will be added to allow payment (in RVN) to all holders of an asset. Payments of RVN would be distributed to all asset holders pro rata. This is useful for paying dividends, dividing payments, or rewarding a group of token holders. Example: A small software company issues an asset GAMECO that represents a share of the project. GAMECO tokens can be traded with others. Once the software company profits, those profits can be distributed to all holders of GAMECO by sending the profits (via RVN) to all holders of GAMECO. BLOCK SIZE Raven may increase the blocksize from 1 MB to X MB to allow for more on-chain transactions. Phase 3 — Rewards The reward system will allow for the creation of tokens that sit on the Raven blockchain. These tokens can be created and then sent to people as a reward for doing something or as a way to raise funds. The funds raised can then be used to send any currency on the raven blockchain to another party. Phase 4 — Unique Assets Once created, assets can be made unique for a cost of 5 RVN. Only non-divisible assets can be made unique. This moves an asset to a UTXO and associates a unique identifier with the txid. From this point the asset can be moved from one address to another and can be traced back to its origin. Only the issuer of the original asset can make an asset unique. The costs to make unique assets will be sent to a burn address. Some examples of unique assets: Imagine that an art dealer issues the asset named ART. The dealer can then make unique ART assets by attaching a name or a serialized number to each piece of art. These unique tokens can be transferred to the new owner along with the artwork as a proof of authenticity. The tokens ART:MonaLisa and ART:VenusDeMilo are not fungible and represent distinct pieces of art. A software developer can issue the asset with the name of their software ABCGAME, and then assign each ABCGAME token a unique id or license key. The game tokens could be transferred as the license transfers. Each token ABCGAME:398222 and ABCGAME: are unique tokens. In game assets. A game ZYX_GAME could create unique limited edition in-game assets that are owned and used by the game player. Example: ZYX_GAME:Sword005 and ZYX_GAME:Purse RVN based unique assets can be tied to real world assets. Create an asset named GOLDVAULT. Each gold coin or gold bar in a vault can be serialized and audited. Associated unique assets GOLDVAULT:444322 and GOLDVAULT:555994 can be created to represent the specific assets in the physical gold vault. The public nature of the chain allows for full transparency. Phase 5 — Messaging Messaging to token holders by authorized senders will be layered on top of the Phase 3 unique assets. See KAAAWWW Protocol for additional information. Phase 6 — Voting Voting will be accomplished by creating and distributing parallel tokens to token holders. These tokens can be sent to RVN addresses to record a vote. Team + Advisors Dubbed a community coin. Anyone can contribute and add to the project. The number of developers involved is uncertain, however there were 430 Bitcoin developers who made over 14,000 commits according to Github. — Tron Black Core Developer Tron has been in Blockchain & cryptocurrencies as a Software Developer for 5+ years. Currently a Principal Software Developer for Medici a VC investing in the blockchain space. His career mission is to enhance technology to solve real world problems. He was the President/CEO at Blue Squirrel for 17+ years. Blue Squirrel is a software development company their original product was SQURL, it was the google of the internet at the time. Created Paten — System to Verify Identity and Reputation for a Cryptocurrency Wallet Address : Patent dateFiled June 6, 2013 Patent issuer and numberus 61831802. Patent descriptionMethod and system for voluntary identification of a corporate or individual identity to public crypto-currency address(es), and a single digit reputation rating system accessible through API. — Bruce Fenton Advisor Bruce is a Blockchain Economic Advisor. He has had 23+ years of experience in the Finance sector and combined with 3+ years experience in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space. He has placed over $5 billion in investments in investing funds during his career. Advised the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation — arranged, attended and staffed very senior level meetings between Bill Gates and business and government leaders in Saudi Arabia, worked with the Head of Middle East for the foundation (please note, opinions on digital money and economic issues are not that of the foundation). Hosted the Satoshi Roundtable private retreat, a gathering of 75 of the top leaders in blockchain technology. Angel Investor in SpeechWorks (now publicly traded Nuance with $5bn market cap). Angel Investor in Bitcoin companies such as ShapeShift. Advisor to Factom, BTCS and other companies. Currently hold 3 roles: Board Member of The Bitcoin Foundation (2+ years), which is the largest and oldest industry group for Bitcoin Technology. Founder at Satoshi Roundtable Private Blockchain Retreat (3+ years), which is a invite only VIP annual event. Managing Director. CIO for atlantic Financial Inc. (23+) Partners and Investors Contributing Companies: Additonal Resources: Cointelegraph News Article SeekinAlpha Article BitcoinMagazine Article CryptoCoinSpy Article For the best in news, reviews, and information for the blockchain and cryptocurrency visit or check us out on: | | | coincrunch.io Youtube Twitter Facebook Reddit

Ravencoin Review — A Bitcoin Code Fork Looking to Bring Real-World Assets onto Blockchain

Few franchises are as confusing as the X-Men franchise, but that doesn’t take away from how amazing the movies are (most of them anyway). The series has been going on since 2000, and most of their movies aren’t numbered, so it can be hard to know where to start or what entry comes next. So, to help with that, here are the X-men movies in order of release date. P.S. This list will only cover the core X-Men movies to make it less confusing for beginners. This means that only the movies that drive the main plot further will be included. So, the Deadpool movies, the New Mutants, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, and Logan won’t be included. The X-Men Movies in Order X-Men
X2
X-Men: The Last Stand
X-Men: First Class
The Wolverine
X-Men: Days of Future Past
X-Men Apocalypse
Dark Phoenix 1. X-Men (2000) The X-Men had been popular for decades, especially in the 90s, and it culminated with them getting their first Hollywood movie in 2000. It starred a fairly unknown Hugh Jackman as Wolverine and seasoned acting veterans Sir Patrick Stewart and Sir Ian McKellan as Professor Xavier and Magneto. Through fate, the lonely wanderer Wolverine finds himself joining the X-Men and becoming a reluctant hero. There, he’ll team up with other heroes such as Cyclops, Storm, and Jean Grey. 2. X2 (2003) Mutant distrust is at an all-time high after a mutant attacks the White House, and unfortunately, the X-Men are caught in the crossfire. The main person leading the crusade against mutants is Colonel William Stryker, and he won’t stop until they’re all dead and buried. Separated and with their backs against the wall, the X-Men will have to turn to an old foe if they want to take down Stryker. But even though he hates mutants, Stryker seemingly has a past with them, specifically, with Wolverine. As the X-Men and Magneto work together to take down the Colonel, Wolverine has his own side mission: to discover how he and Stryker are connected. 3. X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) News breaks out that there is a serum that can take away one’s mutant powers, which, of course, catches the attention of all mutants, including Professor Xavier and his school of mutants, and Magneto and his Brotherhood of Mutants. Although the serum is optional for any mutant who wants it, Magneto and his Brotherhood are certain that this is only the beginning. That in the near future, mutants will be forced to take it. Lines are drawn within the mutant community, and they go to war with each other. In the middle of all this is a mutant child. He has the power to take away other mutants’ powers, and it was because of him that the serum was able to be made. As long as he’s alive, the serum will always be available, and so the X-Men take a last stand to protect him against Magneto. 4. X-Men: First Class (2011) Although we had seen the X-Men in three different movies before, we still didn’t know a ton about them such as how they were formed, why, and how Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr came to know each other. Well, X-Men: First Class answers all of those questions and some that you didn't even know you had. The first iteration of the X-Men come together to take down former Nazi Sebastian Shaw as he pulls the strings of the U.S. and the Soviet Union. His ultimate goal is for both countries to wage nuclear war against one another. Charles, Erik, and their rag-tag team of mutants do everything they can to stop him. 5. The Wolverine (2013) You might be wondering why the first and third Wolverine movies aren’t included on this list but the second one in the trilogy is. I know; it’s kind of a confusing thing to do. However, the other two movies can be watched in a vacuum; they give more insight into the Wolverine character, but they don’t necessarily have much to do with the X-Men team itself. The Wolverine movie is special in that it directly deals with the aftermath of X-Men: The Last Stand. And on top of that, it leads right into Days of Future Past. 6. X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) The past and present clash in Days of Future Past. After everything they have fought for, the X-Men have failed, and their worst nightmare has come true. Mutants are persecuted, hunted down, and killed by robots called sentinels. It is a grim, apocalyptic time, but not all is lost. They have one shot to make things right, and the only man right for the job is Wolverine. He gets sent back in time to the 70s to stop the sentinels from ever being created. There, he’ll meet up with the younger versions of Professor Xavier, Magneto, Beast, and more as they fight to prevent that ugly future from happening. 7. X-Men Apocalypse (2016) The X-Men have saved the world from the Sentinels, but a new threat emerges. Maybe new isn’t the right word considering this person is from ancient Egypt. We’re talking about Apocalypse, one of the first mutants ever. He has awakened in the present, but he’s disappointed in the modern world and plans to restructure it in his image. It’s up to the X-Men to stop him, and who’s a part of the line-up? It’s a mix between veterans such as Beast and Raven along with newcomers Jean Grey, Cyclops, and Quicksilver. 8. X-Men: Dark Phoenix (2019) Jean Grey has always been one of the strongest X-Men, so it’s a good thing she’s on our side. However, after a mission goes awry, she awakens the Phoenix Force within her. With Jean becoming even stronger than she already was, it’s up to the X-Men to not only protect her from herself but from others such as Magneto. Technically, this isn’t the final film in the franchise as The New Mutants was released a year later, but that could be watched in a vacuum. Dark Phoenix can be considered the true ending to Fox’s X-Men film series. Read More 1. How to Watch the Harry Potter Movies in Order The MCU Phase 3 Movies in Order
The MCU Phase 4 Movies in Order Feature image source Few franchises are as confusing as the X-Men franchise, but that doesn’t take away from how amazing the movies are (most of them anyway). The series has been going on since 2000, and most of their movies aren’t numbered, so it can be hard to know where to start or what entry comes next. So, to help with that, here are the X-men movies in order of release date. P.S. This list will only cover the core X-Men movies to make it less confusing for beginners. This means that only the movies that drive the main plot further will be included. So, the Deadpool movies, the New Mutants, X-Men Origins: Wolverine, and Logan won’t be included. The X-Men Movies in Order X-Men X2 X-Men: The Last Stand X-Men: First Class The Wolverine X-Men: Days of Future Past X-Men Apocalypse Dark Phoenix X-Men X2 X-Men: The Last Stand X-Men: First Class The Wolverine X-Men: Days of Future Past X-Men Apocalypse Dark Phoenix 1. X-Men (2000) The X-Men had been popular for decades, especially in the 90s, and it culminated with them getting their first Hollywood movie in 2000. It starred a fairly unknown Hugh Jackman as Wolverine and seasoned acting veterans Sir Patrick Stewart and Sir Ian McKellan as Professor Xavier and Magneto. Through fate, the lonely wanderer Wolverine finds himself joining the X-Men and becoming a reluctant hero. There, he’ll team up with other heroes such as Cyclops, Storm, and Jean Grey. 2. X2 (2003) Mutant distrust is at an all-time high after a mutant attacks the White House, and unfortunately, the X-Men are caught in the crossfire. The main person leading the crusade against mutants is Colonel William Stryker, and he won’t stop until they’re all dead and buried. Separated and with their backs against the wall, the X-Men will have to turn to an old foe if they want to take down Stryker. But even though he hates mutants, Stryker seemingly has a past with them, specifically, with Wolverine. As the X-Men and Magneto work together to take down the Colonel, Wolverine has his own side mission: to discover how he and Stryker are connected. 3. X-Men: The Last Stand (2006) News breaks out that there is a serum that can take away one’s mutant powers, which, of course, catches the attention of all mutants, including Professor Xavier and his school of mutants, and Magneto and his Brotherhood of Mutants. Although the serum is optional for any mutant who wants it, Magneto and his Brotherhood are certain that this is only the beginning. That in the near future, mutants will be forced to take it. Lines are drawn within the mutant community, and they go to war with each other. In the middle of all this is a mutant child. He has the power to take away other mutants’ powers, and it was because of him that the serum was able to be made. As long as he’s alive, the serum will always be available, and so the X-Men take a last stand to protect him against Magneto. 4. X-Men: First Class (2011) Although we had seen the X-Men in three different movies before, we still didn’t know a ton about them such as how they were formed, why, and how Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr came to know each other. Well, X-Men: First Class answers all of those questions and some that you didn't even know you had. The first iteration of the X-Men come together to take down former Nazi Sebastian Shaw as he pulls the strings of the U.S. and the Soviet Union. His ultimate goal is for both countries to wage nuclear war against one another. Charles, Erik, and their rag-tag team of mutants do everything they can to stop him. 5. The Wolverine (2013) You might be wondering why the first and third Wolverine movies aren’t included on this list but the second one in the trilogy is. I know; it’s kind of a confusing thing to do. However, the other two movies can be watched in a vacuum; they give more insight into the Wolverine character, but they don’t necessarily have much to do with the X-Men team itself. The Wolverine movie is special in that it directly deals with the aftermath of X-Men: The Last Stand. And on top of that, it leads right into Days of Future Past. 6. X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) The past and present clash in Days of Future Past. After everything they have fought for, the X-Men have failed, and their worst nightmare has come true. Mutants are persecuted, hunted down, and killed by robots called sentinels. It is a grim, apocalyptic time, but not all is lost. They have one shot to make things right, and the only man right for the job is Wolverine. He gets sent back in time to the 70s to stop the sentinels from ever being created. There, he’ll meet up with the younger versions of Professor Xavier, Magneto, Beast, and more as they fight to prevent that ugly future from happening. 7. X-Men Apocalypse (2016) The X-Men have saved the world from the Sentinels, but a new threat emerges. Maybe new isn’t the right word considering this person is from ancient Egypt. We’re talking about Apocalypse, one of the first mutants ever. He has awakened in the present, but he’s disappointed in the modern world and plans to restructure it in his image. It’s up to the X-Men to stop him, and who’s a part of the line-up? It’s a mix between veterans such as Beast and Raven along with newcomers Jean Grey, Cyclops, and Quicksilver. 8. X-Men: Dark Phoenix (2019) Jean Grey has always been one of the strongest X-Men, so it’s a good thing she’s on our side. However, after a mission goes awry, she awakens the Phoenix Force within her. With Jean becoming even stronger than she already was, it’s up to the X-Men to not only protect her from herself but from others such as Magneto. Technically, this isn’t the final film in the franchise as The New Mutants was released a year later, but that could be watched in a vacuum. Dark Phoenix can be considered the true ending to Fox’s X-Men film series. Read More 1. How to Watch the Harry Potter Movies in Order How to Watch the Harry Potter Movies in Order The MCU Phase 3 Movies in Order The MCU Phase 4 Movies in Order The MCU Phase 3 Movies in Order The MCU Phase 3 Movies in Order The MCU Phase 4 Movies in Order The MCU Phase 4 Movies in Order Feature image source Feature image source source

The X-Men Movies in Order: How to Watch Them By Release Date

Loss of Amazon Rainforest Resilience: Author Contributions

This is paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Leah Chrestien, Czech Technical University in Prague; (2) Tomá˘s Pevný, Czech Technical University in Prague, and Gen Digital, Inc.; (3) Stefan Edelkamp, Czech Technical University in Prague; (4) Antonín Komenda, Czech Technical University in Prague. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Preliminaries Conditions on strictly optimally efficient heuristic Loss functions Related Work Experiments Conclusion and References Appendix 7 Conclusion The motivation of this paper stemmed from the observation that even the cost-to-goal, considered to be an optimal heuristic, fails to guarantee a strictly optimally efficient search. Since a large body of existing research optimizes this quantity, we are effectively lost with respect to what should be optimized. To fill this gap, we have stated the necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing the forward search to be strictly optimally efficient. These conditions show that the absolute value of the heuristic is not important, but that the ranking of states in the Open list is what controls the efficiency. Ranking can be optimized by minimizing the ranking loss functions, but its concrete implementation needs to correspond to a variant of the forward search. In case of mismatch, the resulting heuristic can perform poorly, which has been demonstrated when the heuristic optimized for BGFS search was used with A* search. The other benefit of ranking losses is that from the point of view of statistical learning theory, they solve a simpler problem than ubiquitous regression in estimating the cost-to-goal. We do not question the existence of a strictly optimally efficient heuristic. Given our experiments, we believe that if the space of heuristic functions over which the loss is optimized is sufficiently rich, the result will be sufficiently close to the optimal for the needs of the search. 7.1 Acknowledgements This work has been supported by project numbers 22-32620S and 22-30043S from Czech Science Foundation and OP VVV project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000765 "Research Center for Informatics". This work has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation program under the grant agreement TUPLES No 101070149. References [1] Forest Agostinelli, Stephen McAleer, Alexander Shmakov, and Pierre Baldi. Solving the rubik’s cube with deep reinforcement learning and search. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(8):356–363, 2019. [2] Thomas Anthony, Zheng Tian, and David Barber. Thinking fast and slow with deep learning and tree search. In Isabelle Guyon, Ulrike von Luxburg, Samy Bengio, Hanna M. Wallach, Rob Fergus, S. V. N. 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Optimize Planning Heuristics to Rank, not to Estimate Cost-to-Goal: Conclusion and References

Este artículo fue primeramente publicado en . +qL es #másqueley aka #másqueley es la firma hermana de aka #beyondthelaw. +qL holoLAWn If you have legal questions or want to debate, join our . Discord TL:DR The MetaLeX whitepaper aims to give birth to a new kind of law (the ) in order to complete the project of disconnecting the blockchain world from the world of flesh and blood. To free humans from the vertical hierarchy of institutional powers and return them to a space of freedom among equals, a of horizontal hierarchy. A project that to date has a currency and finance separate - in theory - from the state (Bitcoin and Ethereum as respective paradigms of cryptocurrencies and smart contracts that enable decentralised transactions and finance); but a project that lacks an equally separate law to govern that proto-world of a longed-for separate world, a free world. Autonomous Law heterotopia What you will (and won't) find here We are all looking for something. The : a spoiler. Autonomous Law The whitepaper: an interpretation (ours). Phase 1: BORGs. Phase 2: Deal Technology. Phase 3: . Autonomous Law Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are resolved by laws and legal operators that do not contemplate (or do not want to contemplate) decentralisation and autonomy. Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are solved by very cool alternative legal operators, at the time, by humans governed by their own will, . and nothing else Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are resolved by autonomous and decentralised laws that, as such, provide for decentralisation and autonomy. By way of (in)conclusion. ➡️ We are all looking for something We are all looking for something. Diogenes a righteous man in the streets of Athens, candle in hand; Ichabod Crane a kind truth behind the terrifying Headless Horseman; Indiana Jones the Lost Ark in an unbridled race against esoteric Nazis; Sebastian, between the black keys of a piano, the love lost through an infinite renunciation of love for his beloved Mia; and, finally, searches with his MetaLeX for an that will make a free world possible —almost nothing. Gabriel Shapiro Autonomus Law The : a spoiler ➡️ Autonomous Law The to which the devotes the bulk of its text —a third at least— is something like a new normative paradigm, a new kind of legal order that will allow humans to escape the clutches of nation states and their - and -national entanglements. Autonomous Law MetaLeX whitepaper supra infra And given the state of decadence and woke perversion of Western governments, of everything that sounds or resonates with Public Administration —and this is not an opinion: it is an easily verifiable empirical observation, a notorious fact in the technical-legal-proven sense—, it seems to me that the search for MetaLeX is an enterprise worth supporting —we, who still don't know how 😅, we're in! This that dazzles us: Autonomous Law is law because it aims to regulate (in part) human interaction; is decentralised because it will reside on a blockchain; it is ( ) because the blockchain, and everything that resides in it, is code; code code is law it is because, as the execution of code (with or without AI, but AI is also code, and only code - at least for the moment, until consciousness emerges...), it does not require human intervention, i.e. the self-execution of the code is the application of the law itself. autonomous And it is because the government and the legal decision by way of the law-code, at the time of the code, the , will be independent of the as well as of . Neither traditional law, nor the humans who create it, will have anything to say about the rule of code once it is born into the world of the blockchain. autonómica rule of code rule of law the rule of men This deserves clarification in order to escape sophistry. Just as the created cannot free itself from its creation, no law can free itself from the clutches of the man who creates it. Only the constituent law, which initiates a Legal Order, can (relatively) do so under the artifice of the by which it itself, and not its creator, sets itself up as the principle of everything. And, thus, under the impossible that the constituent law itself contains in itself the will to be constituted, as a normative , is that can make it seem as if it is born and we can make it seem as if it is so. legal fiction ouroboros it ➡️ The whitepaper: one interpretation (ours) If you page through the whitepaper, its first ten pages are an interesting introduction that operates as an extensive until, around page ten, we are presented with a sort of table of contents that corresponds to the three phases of logical and chronological development of the MetaLeX project to reach the . captatio benevolentiae Autonomous Law At this point, in these lines, we are not so much interested in how the Autonomous Law is arrived at, nor therefore in the phases, as in the concept of Autonomous Law itself. Moreover - it must be said - because the description of phases 1 and 2 is clear enough to get a good idea of what we are talking about, but not sufficiently detailed to know what the hell we are talking about beyond that idea. We can all get a good idea of what unicorns are from what we talk about them; but none of us can know exactly what the hell a unicorn is until we e.g. see it, tame it, ride it, feed it… From this point of view, we will summarise the phases, in our own style. ➡️➡️ Phase 1: BORGs Phase 1 essentially concerns the creation of blockchain programmes that apply rules in a community of users. fully autonomous In this sense, a law is ultimately a very special kind of rule that is distinguished from other rules by its origin: if the rule is dictated by the state, it is a law; if it is dictated by your father or mother, it is a precept of family behaviour; if it is dictated by a criminal gang, it is the code of a mafia. But for all these groups —state, family, mafia— the rule operates as law, whether it is called law, precept or code; in other words, the law, the precept and the code are functionally equivalent within the respective target community. So a programme on the blockchain that applies rules is, for the purposes of the community resident in the protocol where it is applied, its own law. Whether it is recognised as such outside that community —and this is, strictly speaking, the crux of the matter— is another matter. These programmes are called BORGs ( ) and are like sub-DaOs stripped down, fully autonomous from a parent DAO. Suppose a DAO requires six Fi functions to function. Some of these functions with the current state of the art are fully autonomous; others are not —and that is precisely why we have this mess of BORGs, to gradually implement, as technology makes it possible, the next phases. For each fully autonomous Fi function, a programme is created to implement it, a BORG. This is then like the DAO for the sole purpose of that particular fully autonomous function. Then, there will come a point where for every Fi function of the DAO there is a BORG that implements it. However, not even at that point will the DAO be, let us say, the conjunctive sum of all these BORGs: cyBernetic ORGanisationS {BORGi} ≢ DAO The DAO is an emergence from this set of BORGs, a something more. Just as a daisy is not reduced to the petals that have been shed along with the stem; nor is a company qua legal entity (with or without legal personality, it is not relevant here) the sum of its partners, or the sum of its departments, or the sum of its strategies, or the sum of its articles of association...; so it is not the case that the DAO we have been talking about is the sum of its BORGs. That “something else” which is the daisy or the society qua legal entity with respect to the component parts is a emergence just as the DAO is a mereological emergence of those BORGs. Which brings us headlong into the second phase. mereological ➡️➡️ Phase 2: Deal Technology For this set of BORGs -{BORGs} - to identify with the DAO, it is necessary for its elements to work in a coordinated manner. This will be achieved through a series of agreements between the BORGs that will then validate the identity: {BORGi} + TFA ≡ autDAO Where TFA = Technological Framework Agreement, a set of covenants that make the set of BORGs cease to be just that, a set of BORGs, and become an entity functionally equivalent to the DAO from which they were detached. Now, the final result will be so qualitatively different from the DAO that it will also be substantially different from it: it will be a true DAO (= autDAO) . That is: 2 the set of BORGs plus their TMA operates as a perfectly autonomous and autonomous version (autDAO) of the imperfect autonomous and autonomous DAO that gave birth to them. From this perspective, and as far as these two phases are concerned, it can be said that, at the end of the day, MetaLeX only aims to recover the pure sense of the DAO, a DAO that technological limitations and human praxis have turned decentralisation and autonomy into an absurdity, because I don't care whether the one at the top governs or the one next to him governs, if it is the case that the one at the top and the one next to him have exactly the same power. ➡️➡️ Phase 3: Autonomous Law Our autDAOs —well, those of MetaLeX, that is— as social entities that are also social entities, however much they reside in the blockchain, will interact with each other and with the world of flesh and blood; that interaction will generate conflict; and that conflict will have to be resolved. And this is —in our opinion— where the whitepaper puts its finger on the problem —we recommend reading it, in particular the headings and . We, here, present it as follows: Phase 3-Autonomus Law Conclusion ➡️➡️➡️ Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are resolved by laws and legal operators that do not (or do not want to) contemplate decentralisation and autonomy If these conflicts are resolved under the , state legal systems, also from above and from below), they will de facto nullify the essence of the underlying structures that have been so hard to create. rule of law , trying to explain the Kantian categories of time and space, that the world is seen through the lenses of the glasses you wear: if pink, then rose-coloured. This, which our grandparents used to tell us in other less refined but certainly more understandable ways, is as true as the sun. Warburton explained And so, if it is the case —and it is— that the creators of the laws of the world of flesh and blood do not look at the world through the lens of and , then it is also the case that their laws do not have these concepts embedded in their letter and that, therefore, their application on a decentralised and autonomous factual substratum will overlook in whole or in part the of that factual substratum. In other words: the laws and their application will the decentralised and autonomous dimension of the conflict, so that the conflict will be resolved as if there were no decentralisation and autonomy. decentralisation autonomy decentralised and autonomous nature disregard And it makes no difference to me whether "X is not in Y" or "X being in Y, X is disregarded as being in Y". ➡️➡️➡️ Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are solved by very cool alternative legal operators, at the time, by humans governed by their own will, and nothing else And if these conflicts are solved under alternative conflict resolution procedures (panels of experts, forums of wills or opinion polls outside the blockchain, arbitration tribunals...) which, for the sake of this alternativity, are already considered very cool, the setback is even worse. For under the (apparent) success that the conflict where at least one party is an autonomous and decentralised entity is no longer resolved by inconsiderate state laws, but by highly regarded experts or those considered as such, what we are falling into is personalism. And this only departs in degree, but not in quality, from caveman conflict resolution by the tribal sorcerer. ad hoc Humans have not been trampling the earth for two hundred thousand years —to put a figure on it— to escape the reptilian law of men by way of the rule of law in order to, in more refined but no less unjust ways, end up by overthrowing the rule of law by submitting to the will of a forum of (supposedly) very cool experts: humans. Even the worst of laws with judges is better than the best of judges without laws, if only because the former, at least, will always resolve in the same way, while the latter, who knows how they will end up resolving the day they let themselves be carried away by their rages… ➡️➡️➡️ Conflicts with a decentralised and autonomous dimension that are resolved by autonomous and decentralised laws which, as such, provide for decentralisation and autonomy This, and no other, is the end of the road if the product of phases 1 and 2 is to survive in the long term. A law, the (i) which, as a code inserted in the blockchain, contains rules that are intrinsically decentralised in their conception, whose application generates equally decentralised outputs; and (ii) which, as a self-executing code, is applied whether or not its addressees inside and outside the chain want it to be applied, thus endowing the system with , making the system autonomous with respect to the world of flesh and blood, freeing it from both the rule of law and the law of men. Autonomous Law autonomycity (In)conclusion ➡️ The MetaLeX project is ambitious and exciting. But we shall see whether it remains a wet dream, because even its successful implementation is not enough to make it a successful project. If it is based on the creation of an , then to the creation must be added the , if not generalised, then relevant, at least at the sectoral level, of the Autonomous Law created. Autonomous Law adoption Let us explain. The birth of a Legal System is the result of a pact. But not just any pact. It is a pact for at least two reasons. sui generis It is —first reason— because it is a founding pact and, as such, a ; a pact that subjugates —or so it intends— all the other pacts that exist or will exist, just as the contained, and therefore subjugated —and that one really subjugated…— the . Such a pact is called "constituent" (it is, moreover, the first constitutional pact which can later be modified by other constitutional pacts but which are no longer constituent), and what has been agreed is called "Constitution" or "Magna Carta". sui generis pact of pacts One Ring Rings of Power And that Constitution has the vocation of , which is an exception (and a very big one) to the principle of relativity of contracts, a principle whereby —thank God— agreements only have effects between their parties —and for this reason it is also , second reason. having effects vis-à-vis third parties sui generis Of course, the contracting parties are supposed to act on the mandate (representative at least, imperative as a desideratum) of these third parties. They could not otherwise be bound by this agreement, nor by any other. So by representation (imperative or not) the third parties assume the Constitution just as a third party can assume a contract (it is the figure of the assumption of a contract by a third party). However, for the to work, it is necessary, not only that the greatest number of third parties of the target community assume it, but that all third parties of that community assume it, that the community (be it group, tribe, team, club, society…) assume it as a community. And it is often much more problematic to implement this statement: constituent thing for every Si subject of the community {Si}, Si assumes the covenant, than this other: for a majority of Si subjects of the community {Yes}, Si assumes the pact. Why? Because the world doesn't need to be full of to fuck up the invention; it's enough that there is one for that, to fuck it up. And the fact is that the word “all” beyond rhetoric and poetics becomes a word as problematic as it is problematic —speaking — to prove that . free riders à la Hempel ”all ravens are black” Following the brilliant Searle —later terribly reviled— we can say that: A proposition counts as a rule if it is accepted that this proposition is a rule. This sounds like a truism, but it is not. If I say to you: (Ⲁ) "To get into my house you have to take off your shoes", that proposition will only be a rule if you, as well as I, accept it as a rule. For of a proposition that pretends to be a rule and is not followed by anyone we do not know whether it can be predicated to be a rule —Wittgenstein may have gone half-mad over something like that. And this will be the case of the autDAO after the end of phase 2: they will be entities of the world governed by rules that will be accepted ad intra. But their ad extra acceptance will require an exogenous-dependent plus. And we continue with Searle : 3 "rules of the form are then constitutive of institutional structures”. X counts as Y in C Which we can rewrite as follows: When a proposition counts as a rule in a community, the rule is institutionalised and we can predicate it to be a law that community. for Which, following our example of my house and your shoes, would mean that the proposition (Ⲁ) would not require your acceptance to be a rule if it is the case that in the neighbourhood in which you and I live it has already been accepted as a rule: it is a neighbourhood law —so to speak. All of which, translated to the matter at hand, means that: For the autDAO rules to count as in the blockchain community, it is necessary for the community to consider them as such. Autonomous Law This conclusion is quite hopeless for MetaLeX as the blockchain community is a network of networks made up of tens or hundreds of thousands of communities (layer 1, 2… n; more with the protocols within each layer; more with the organisations within each protocol…). But in the same hopelessness we can find a glimmer of hope, like : Blochian red heroes It is a matter of implementing the community by community blockchain until a relevant group of them accepts it as a supracommunity, (just as the neighbours in your neighbourhood and mine have been accepting house by house and case by case that all houses are entered barefoot). Autonomous Law Or so we see it in ! #másqueley Also published . here

The MetaLeX Whitepaper

In today's edition: What does research say about how far we are from AGI? News from the usual subjects: Anthropic, Cohere, OpenAI, etc. The freshest AI&ML research papers from the week of Mar 4 — Mar 10 Though the question, “ ” predates the term “artificial intelligence” itself, it saw a significant resurgence on Twitter last week, prompted by the Musk vs. OpenAI lawsuit (Musk accuses OpenAI of abandoning open-source principles and prioritizing profit over safety, hindering the safe development of AGI.) . Today, we will discuss “How Far Are We from Intelligent Visual Deductive Reasoning?” “How Far Are We From Automating Front-End Engineering?” and Stephen Wolfram’s article “Can AI Solve Science?” These papers offer fascinating explorations of the differences between human and artificial intelligence. How far are we from achieving human-level intelligence in machines (or AGI, or ASI)? But far more interesting were the papers and an article that came out last week tackling this question Intelligent Visual Deductive Reasoning In “ ?”, researchers from Apple explore Vision-Language Models (VLMs), like GPT-4V, in visual-based deductive reasoning, a complex yet less studied area, using Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPMs)*. How Far Are We from Intelligent Visual Deductive Reasoning *Raven’s Progressive Matrices is a nonverbal intelligence test measuring abstract reasoning, using patterns to assess cognitive functioning without language. What caught my attention was the finding that . The paper notes, “ ” This inability to deal with abstract concepts marks a fundamental difference between computational processing and human cognitive abilities. AI systems like VLMs struggle with tasks requiring abstract pattern recognition and deduction VLMs struggle to solve these tasks mainly because they are unable to perceive and comprehend multiple, confounding abstract patterns in RPM examples. Being a sophisticated pattern recognizer doesn’t equate to sentience. The observation that “ ” highlights , suggesting a nuanced aspect of intelligence that current AI lacks. Another intriguing point was the models’ overconfidence. all the tested models never express any level of uncertainty the importance of doubt and uncertainty in human cognition Automating Front-End Engineers In “ ”, researchers from Stanford University, Georgia Tech, Microsoft, and Google DeepMind have developed a benchmark for Design2Code, aiming to evaluate how well multimodal LLMs convert visual designs into code. Here, the replacement of humans came closer. Despite some limitations, there were considerable advancements in using generative AI to convert designs into front-end code. It’s remarkable that “ .” This finding challenges traditional notions of artistic and creative value, Design2Code: How Far Are We From Automating Front-End Engineering? annotators think GPT-4V generated webpages can replace the original reference webpages in 49% of cases in terms of visual appearance and content; and in 64% of cases, GPT-4V generated webpages are considered better questioning whether creativity is uniquely human or can be algorithmically reproduced — or even surpassed. However, . VLMs struggle with “ ” posing questions about understanding and interpretation. significant limitations persist recalling visual elements from the input webpages and generating correct layout designs. So, the important question is actually not how far we are from AGI (whatever it is), but how we embrace human-AI collaboration most effectively. AI Solving Science In that sense, Stephen Wolfram’s blog post “ ” serves as an excellent example. In the very beginning, he plainly states that AI cannot solve all scientific questions. However, there is significant value in AI assisting scientific progress. He discusses how LLMs can serve as a new kind of linguistic interface to computational capabilities, providing high-level “autocomplete” for scientific work. As he usually does, he emphasizes the transformative potential of representing the world computationally and suggests that pockets of computational reducibility* can be found by AI as well. Can AI Solve Science? *A pocket of computational reducibility — a fascinating concept introduced by Wolfram — is a situation or problem within a complex system where, despite the system’s overall unpredictability, predictable patterns or simplified behaviors emerge, allowing for easier understanding or calculation. Wolfram argues that AI can significantly aid scientific discovery by providing new tools for analysis and exploration, but its ability to completely “solve” science is limited by fundamental principles such as computational irreducibility. The future of AI in science lies in its integration with human creativity and understanding, leveraging its strengths to uncover new knowledge within the constraints of what is computationally possible. We might be able to survive without front-end developers (no offense intended), but scientists remain indispensable! To summarize: https://x.com/pmddomingos/status/1766945083314827455?s=20&embedable=true News from The Usual Suspects © Cohere and its commitment to the research community https://x.com/cohere/status/1767275128813928611?s=20&embedable=true Hugging Face Starting an ambitious open robotics project and hiring , a former Tesla scientist, to expand beyond software into robotics, including work on humanoid robots like Tesla’s Optimus. Remi Cadene Offers an amazing tool: https://x.com/maximelabonne/status/1767124527551549860?s=20&embedable=true Russia’s talent is invisible According to “The Global AI Talent Tracker 2.0”, Russia has no chance in the AI race: this analysis Inflection enhances its Pi Inflection , enhancing its personal AI, Pi, with IQ capabilities alongside its empathetic EQ. They claim to compete with GPT-4, achieving significant efficiency and performance improvements, especially in STEM areas, with less computational resource usage. launches Inflection-2.5 Chips TSMC (based in Taiwan), the world’s largest contract chipmaker, is for an Arizona chip plant. This funding, part of the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022, aims to boost domestic semiconductor production. TSMC’s $40 billion investment in the plant marks one of the largest foreign investments in U.S. history. expected to receive over $5 billion in U.S. federal grants OpenAI: new members on the board Sam Altman is reinstated as a member of the OpenAI board. , with a rich history as the CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, brings extensive experience in healthcare and philanthropy. , a seasoned executive with roles at Sony Entertainment and as a lawyer, offers legal and entertainment industry insights. , leading Instacart and with a background at Meta Platforms, including as head of Facebook, contributes expertise in technology and e-commerce. This diverse trio enhances OpenAI’s governance with their wide-ranging expertise and perspectives. He is joined by three women: Sue Desmond-Hellmann Nicole Seligman Fidji Simo Elon’s Grok https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1767108624038449405?s=20&embedable=true Anthropic Offers a great collection of prompts in its Prompt library Enjoyed This Story? I write a weekly analysis of the AI world in the newsletter. We aim to equip you with comprehensive knowledge and historical insights, so you can make informed decisions about AI and ML. Turing Post 🎁 Bonus: The freshest research papers, categorized for your convenience Enhancements in Language Models and Multimodal Understanding : Showcases an LLM’s intrinsic ability to understand and generate music, expanding LLMs’ applications beyond text. ChatMusician Read the paper : Demonstrates advanced multimodal understanding by processing extensive contexts of text, video, and audio. Gemini 1.5 Read the paper : Enhances TTS synthesis with a factorized diffusion model for zero-shot natural speech generation. NaturalSpeech 3 Read the paper : Utilizes fine-tuned MLMs for superior image-text data filtering, improving dataset quality for MLM training. Finetuned Multimodal Language Models Are High-Quality Image-Text Data Filters Read the paper : Introduces the first LLM designed for the legal domain, demonstrating proficiency in legal text understanding and generation. SaulLM-7B Read the paper Novel Training and Evaluation Techniques : Proposes a method for scaling instruction tuning in mathematical reasoning, significantly enhancing LLMs’ problem-solving abilities. MathScale Read the paper : Reveals redundancy in LLM layers and proposes a pruning strategy, maintaining performance while reducing model size. ShortGPT Read the paper : Enhances memory efficiency in LLM training without sacrificing performance by applying gradient low-rank projection. GaLore Read the paper : Develops a method for collaborative decoding among multiple LLMs, improving performance across various tasks. Learning to Decode Collaboratively with Multiple Language Models Read the paper : Advocates for training RL value functions through classification instead of regression, boosting performance and scalability. Stop Regressing Read the paper Advances in Generative Models and Data Synthesis : Introduces a framework for generating synthetic multimodal datasets, overcoming limitations in data privacy and diversity. MAGID Read the paper : Trains a generative model to create interactive virtual worlds from text, images, or sketches, advancing interactive environment simulation. Read the paper Genie Scalability and Efficiency in AI Systems : Details a system for training LLMs on over 10,000 GPUs, tackling challenges in training efficiency and stability at large scales. MegaScale Read the paper : Improves State Space Models with dense hidden connections for efficient large language models, enhancing performance with minimal parameter increase. DenseMamba Read the paper Exploring New Frontiers in AI and Machine Learning : Illustrates that planning and prediction in time series can be simplified through learned contrastive representations. Inference via Interpolation Read the paper : Employs simulated trial and error for tool learning, significantly enhancing LLMs’ practical application capabilities. LLMs in the Imaginarium Read the paper : Aims to improve context length generalization in LLMs by refining interpolation techniques for out-of-distribution token positions. Resonance RoPE Read the paper : Enhances the localization of behaviors in LLMs to specific components, improving diagnostic capabilities and model understanding. AtP Read the paper : Investigates using world models for enhancing visual representation learning, beyond reinforcement learning applications. Learning and Leveraging World Models in Visual Representation Learning Read the paper Platforms and Tools for Model Evaluation and Interaction : Provides a platform for evaluating LLMs based on human preferences, offering insights into model rankings through pairwise comparisons. Chatbot Arena Read the paper : Explores enhancing LLMs’ reasoning capabilities using RLHF, comparing different algorithms and reward strategies. Teaching Large Language Models to Reason with Reinforcement Learning Read the paper Also published . here

How Far Are We From Human-level Intelligence in AI?

ERIK ADOLPH vs. Uber Court Filing, retrieved on July 17, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 4 of 15. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here III. Against this backdrop, we consider whether an aggrieved employee who has been compelled to arbitrate individual claims “premised on Labor Code violations actually sustained by” the plaintiff (Viking River, supra, 596 U.S. at p. __ [142 S.Ct. at p. 1916]; see Lab. Code, § 2699, subd. (a)) maintains statutory standing to pursue non-individual “PAGA claims arising out of events involving other employees” (Viking River, at p. __ [142 S.Ct. at p. 1916]) in court. The high court concluded that a PAGA plaintiff loses standing in this situation: “[A]s we see it, PAGA provides no mechanism to enable a court to adjudicate non-individual PAGA claims once an individual claim has been committed to a separate proceeding. Under PAGA’s standing requirement, a plaintiff can maintain non-individual PAGA claims in an action only by virtue of also maintaining an individual claim in that action. See Cal. Lab. Code Ann. §§ 2699(a), (c). When an employee’s own dispute is pared away from a PAGA action, the employee is no different from a member of the general public, and PAGA does not allow such persons to maintain suit. See Kim, 9 Cal.5th at 90 (‘PAGA’s standing requirement was meant to be a departure from the “general public” . . . standing originally allowed’ under other California statutes). As a result, Moriana lacks statutory standing to continue to maintain her non-individual claims in court, and the correct course is to dismiss her remaining claims.” (Viking River, supra, 596 U.S. at p. __ [142 S.Ct. at p. 1925].) Because “[t]he highest court of each State . . . remains ‘the final arbiter of what is state law’ ” (Montana v. Wyoming (2011) 563 U.S. 368, 378, fn. 5), we are not bound by the high court’s interpretation of California law. (See Viking River, supra, 596 U.S. at pp. [142 S.Ct. at p. 1925] (conc. opn. of Sotomayor, J.) [“Of course, if this Court’s understanding of state law is wrong, California courts, in an appropriate case, will have the last word.”].) And although the high court’s interpretations may serve as persuasive authority in cases involving a parallel federal constitutional provision or statutory scheme (cf., e.g., Raven v. Deukmejian (1990) 52 Cal.3d 336, 353; People v. Teresinski (1982) 30 Cal.3d 822, 835–836), Viking River does not interpret any federal provision or statute similar to PAGA. – Where, as here, a cause of action is based on a state statute, standing is a matter of statutory interpretation. (Kim, supra, 9 Cal.5th at p. 83.) “We review questions of statutory construction de novo.” (California Building Industry Assn. v. State Water Resources Control Bd. (2018) 4 Cal.5th 1032, 1041.) Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case S274671 retrieved on September 22, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. courts.ca.gov

How Can a PAGA Plaintiff Lose Standing? The Court Goes Into Detail in the Uber Lawsuit

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Official lists of patents here Official lists of patents ISSUED BY THE U. S. PATENT OFFICE. FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 7, 1871. Reported Officially for the Scientific American. SCHEDULE OF PATENT FEES On each Caveat $10 On each Trade-Mark $25 On filing each application for a Patent, (seventeen years) $15 On issuing each original Patent $20 On appeal to Examiners-in-Chief $10 On appeal to Commissioner of Patents $20 On application for Reissue $30 On application for Extension of Patent $50 On granting the Extension $50 On filing a Disclaimer $10 On an application for Design (three and a half years) $10 On an application for Design (seven years) $15 On an application for Design (fourteen years) $30 For Copy of Claim of any Patent issued within 30 years $1 A sketch from the model or drawing, relating to such portion of a machine as the Claim covers, from upward, but usually at the price above-named. $1 The full Specification of any patent issued since Nov. 20, 1866 at which time the Patent Office commenced printing them $1.25 Official Copies of Drawings of any patent issued since 1836, we can supply at a reasonable cost, the price depending upon the amount of labor involved and the number of views. Full information, as to price of drawings, in each case, may be had by addressing MUNN & CO., Patent Solicitors, 37 Park Row, New York. 112,309.—Hose Sprinkler.—William Anderson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,310.—Locomotive Spark Arrester.—J. G. Armstrong, New Brunswick, N. J. 112,311.—Tool for Carriage Makers' Use.—George Atkinson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,312.—Potato Probe.—John A. Beal, Waterford, N. Y. 112,313.—Hinge for Carriage Doors.—George W. Beers, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,314.—Stove Leg.—James Birckhead, Jr., Baltimore, Md. 112,315.—Clothes Pin.—Orris A. Bishop, Chicago, Ill. 112,316.—Manufacture of Rochelle Salts and Borax.—V. G. Bloede, Brooklyn, N. Y. 112,317.—Beehive.—Felix Brewer, Waynesville, Mo. 112,318.—Thill Coupling.—Theodore Burr (assignor to Allen Muir and Henry Muir), Battle Creek, Mich. 112,319.—Evaporating Pan for Saccharine Liquids.—F. C. Butler, Bellows Falls, Vt., assignor to himself and James B. Williams, Glastonbury, Conn. 112,320.—Door Securer.—William H. Caldwell, Wheeling, W. Va. 112,321.—Toe-calk Bar.—R. B. Caswell, Springfield, Mass. Antedated March 2, 1871. 112,322.—Glass Flattening Furnace and Leer.—James Clabby, Lenox, Mass. 112,323.—Spring Bed Bottom.—Alex. Cole, Manamuskin, N. J. 112,324.—Water Wheel.—E. E. Coleman, West Cummington, Mass. 112,325.—Toy Horse and Carriage.—John B. Cuzner, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,326.—Mackerel-line Holder.—E. L. Decker, Southport, Me. 112,327.—Sewing Machine.—J. William Dufour, Stratford, Conn. 112,328.—Steam Boiler.—Edwards Evans, North Tonawanda, N. Y. 112,329.—Medical Compound for Cure of Catarrh and Asthma.—Erastus Field, Ostrander, Ohio. 112,330.—Machine for Grinding the Cutters of Mowers, etc.—H. C. Fisk, Wellsville, N. Y. 112,331.—Machine for Making Hooks and Eyes.—Jeremy T. Ford, San Francisco, Cal. 112,332.—Churn.—Thompson Freeman, Westfield, Ill. 112,333.—Attachment for Revolving Mold Boards for Plows.—J. S. Godfrey, Leslie, Mich., assignor to himself and S. M. Loveridge, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,334.—Grain Cleaner and Fertilizer Sifter.—J. A. Green, Mill Dale, Va. 112,335.—Screw Propulsion.—E. C. Gregg (assignor to A. H. Gregg and C. P. Gregg), Trumansburg, N. Y. 112,336.—Seeding Machine.—P. M. Gundlach, Belleville, Ill. 112,337.—Compound for Kindling Fires.—J. L. Hannum and S. H. Stebbins, Berea, Ohio. 112,338.—Lawn Mower.—Benjamin Harnish, Lancaster, and D. H. Harnish, Pequea, Pa. 112,339.—Composition for Pavements.—C. B. Harris, New York city. Antedated February 25, 1870. 112,340.—Spring for Vehicles.—John R. Hiller, Woodland, Cal. 112,341.—Harvester Rake.—S. T. Holly, (assignor to John P. Manny), Rockford, Ill. 112,342.—Door Clamp.—Henry O. Hooper, Diamond Springs, Cal. 112,343.—Taper Holder.—Thomas W. Houchin, Morrisania, N. Y. 112,344.—Metallic Garter.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,345.—Bobbin Winder.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,346.—Method of Knitting Stockings, etc.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,347.—Apparatus for Evaporating and concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,348.—Apparatus for Evaporating and Concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,349.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matters.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,350.—Apparatus and Process for Removing Oil from Grain, Seeds, etc.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,351.—Chandelier.—Charles F. Jacobsen, New York city. 112,352.—Culinary Vessel.—Carrie Jessup, New Haven, Conn. 112,353.—Machine for Cutting Leather.—Aberdeen Keith, North Bridgewater, Mass. 112,354.—Attaching Knobs to their Spindles.—John F. Keller and Nathaniel Sehner, Hagerstown, Md. 112,355.—Miter Machine.—T. E. King, Boston, Mass. 112,356.—Take-up for Corset Looms.—Julius Kuttner, New York city. 112,357.—Elevator and Carrier.—T. W. Lackore, Worth, Ill. 112,358.—Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon Oils.—James R. Lee, Grass Valley, Cal. 112,359.—Burglar Alarm.—Robert Lee, Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,360.—Telegraph Apparatus.—L. T. Lindsey, Jackson, Tenn. 112,361.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,362.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,363.—Harvester Rake.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,364.—Cheese Curd Sink.—H. C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,365.—Mowing Machine.—H. C. Markham and Dewitt C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,366.—Propeller.—Alex. J. Marshall, Warrenton, Va. Antedated March 3, 1871. 112,367.—Oiler.—Edward McDuff and E. D. Forrow, Warwick, R. I. 112,368.—Wash Boiler.—John McInnes, Oxford, Pa. 112,369.—Propelling Canal Boats.—H. B. Meech, Fort Edward, N. Y. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,370.—Water-proof Compound for Coating Cloth Wood, Metals, etc.—Peter E. Minor, Schenectady, N. Y. 112,371.—Cooking Stove.—W. N. Moore, Neenah, Wis. 112,372.—Boring Machine.—J. H. Pardieck (assignor to himself and S. M. Brown), Acton, Ind. 112,373.—Vapor Burner.—R. W. Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,374.—Machine for Pointing Blanks for Cultivator Teeth.—John Pedder and George Abel, West Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,375.—Bale Tie.—J. E. Perkins, San Francisco, Cal. 112,376.—Lining Walls with Felt, etc.—James Phillips, Chicago, Ill. 112,377.—Cooking Stove.—Samuel Pierce, Boston, Mass. 112,378.—Tack.—A. A. Porter, New Haven, Conn. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,379.—Machine for Shaping and Cutting Gear Cutters.—F. A. Pratt (assignor to the Pratt & Whitney Company), Hartford, Conn. 112,380.—Combination Camera and Developing Box.—E. C. Ratzell, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,381.—Punching Machine.—J. C. Rhodes, South Abington, Mass. 112,382.—Washing Machine.—J. W. Ricker, Chelsea, Mass. 112,383.—Curtain Fixture.—Charles Robin. Chester, Conn. 112,384.—Machine for Making Printers' Leads.—Isaac Schoenberg, New York city. 112,385.—Slide Valve for Steam Riveting Machines.—Coleman Sellers (assignor to William Sellers & Co.), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,386.—Machine for Polishing Thread.—Samuel Semple, Sr., John Semple, Samuel Semple, Jr., and R. A. Semple, Mount Holly, N. J. 112,387.—Paint Brush.—F. S. Shearer, Washington, Ill. 112,388.—Bee Hive.—S. A. Short, F. J. Short, J. B. Short, and Jasper Kile, Decatur, Ala. 112,389.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matter.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,390.—Retort for Producing Bisulphide of Carbon.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,391.—Utilizing the Silky Down of the Wild Cotton. —M. H. Simpson, Boston, Mass. 112,392.—Pruning Shears.—Frank Smiley, Batavia, N. Y. 112,393.—Water-closet Valve.—A. J. Smith, San Francisco, Cal. 112,394.—Gang Plow.—J. W. Sursa, San Leandro, Cal. 112,395.—Grinding Pan and Amalgamator.—W. H. Thoss, West Point, Cal. 112,396.—Street Lantern.—Augustus Tufts, Malden, Mass. 112,397.—Cooking Stove.—Alvin Warren, Swanton, Ohio. 112,398.—Safety Bridle.—James Weatherhead, San José, Cal. 112,399.—Fire Grate.—George Wellhouse, Akron, Ohio. 112,400.—Hay Knife.—G. F. Weymouth, Dresden, Me. 112,401.—Claw Bar.—Charles Winter, Chillicothe, Ohio. 112,402.—Steam Generator.—J. C. Woodhead, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,403.—Animal Trap.—W. D. Wrightson, Queenstown England. 112,404.—Brush.—John Ames, Lansingburg, N. Y. 112,405.—Clod Fender.—F. L. Bailey, Freeport, Ind. 112,406.—Ruler.—H. S. Ball, Spartanburg, S. C. 112,407.—Fanning Mill.—Benjamin Barney, Time, Ill. 112,408.—Ice-cutting Machine.—Lafayett Barnum (assignor to himself and A. R. Hale), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,409.—Manufacture of Ice.—T. J. Bigger, Kansas City, Mo. 112,410.—Machine for Heading Bolts and Spikes.—Reinhold Boeklen, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to himself and Henry Torstrick New York city. Antedated Feb. 28, 1871. 112,411.—Washing Machine.—Joseph Boswell, L. M. Boswell, Jonathan Palmer, and J. H. James (assignors to themselves and Thomas Starbuck), Wilmington, Ohio. 112,412.—Water Wheel.—E. C. Boyles, New York city. 112,413.—Cotton Press.—R. M. Brooks, Pike county, Ga. 112,414.—Paper-cutting Machine.—Samuel Brown (assignor to himself and C. R. Carver), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,415.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,416.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,417.—Butt Hinge.—J. W. Carleton (assignor to the Union Manufacturing Co.), New Britain, Conn. 112,418.—Machine for Cutting Sheet Metal.—C. R. Choate, East Saginaw, Mich. 112,419.—Bit Brace.—William Cleveland, Lawrence, Mass., assignor to himself and James Swan, Seymour, Conn. 112,420.—Steam Engine Governor.—C. A. Condé, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,421.—Carpet-cleaning Machine.—J. C. Craft (assignor to himself and Antonio Rosello), Baltimore, Md. 112,422.—Steam Regulator for Paper Dryers.—Daniel Crosby, Hampden, Me. 112 423.—Metallic Piston and Valve Rod Packing.—G. M. Cruickshank, Providence, R. I. 112,424.—Grain-thrashing and Separating Machine.—John Culham, Grand Rapids, Mich. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,425.—Cooking Stove.—David Curtis, Mishawaka, assignor to himself and C. B. Graham, South Bend, Ind. 112,426.—Lightning Rod.—S. D. Cushman, New Lisbon, Ohio. 112,427.—Hose Bridge.—Patrick Daily (assignor to himself and J. J. Kehoe), New York city. 112,428.—Cover for Openings in Sidewalks.—William Dale, New York city. 112,429.—Rotary Pump.—F. O. Deschamps, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,430.—Machine for Cutting Files.—James Dodge, Manchester, England, assignor to David Blake, Spencertown, N. Y. 112,431.—Coupling for Railway Cars.—Henry Dubs and S. G. Goodall-Copestake, Glasgow, Great Britain. 112,432.—Tobacco Pipe.—P. J. Dwyer, Elizabethport, N. J. 112,433.—Basket for House Plants.—Albert P. Eastman, Washington, D. C. 112,434.—Sulky Plow.—Milo A. Elliott, Stratford Hollow, N. H. 112,435.—Stretcher for Paintings.—James Fairman, New York city. 112,436.—Body Lantern Holder.—Samuel C. Fessenden, Stamford, Conn. 112,437.—Stove Leg.—Amon L. Finch, Sing Sing, N. Y. 112,438.—Pump Piston.—John S. Follansbee and George Doolittle (assignors to the Forrester Manufacturing Company), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,439.—Shoe.—Samuel W. Francis (assignor to himself and W. H. Newton), Newport, R. I. 112,440.—Guard-Finger for Harvesters.—George Fyfe and Chester Hard, Ottawa, Ill. 112,441.—Dining Table.—S. R. Gardner (assignor to himself and S. M. Marquette), Independence, Iowa. 112,442.—Step Ladder.—M. Boland Geary, New York City. 112,443.—Oilcloth Printing Machinery.—Ebenezer A. Goodes (assignor to Philadelphia Patent and Novelty Company), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,444.—Tenoning Machine.—Lyman Gould, Norwich, Conn. 112,445.—Printer's Case.—Wm. H. A. Gresham, Atlanta, Ga. 112,446.—Lamp Chimney.—Geo. W. Griswold, Factoryville, Pa. 112,447.—Grain Separator.—Philander Griswold, Hudson, Mich. 112,448.—Clamp for Thill Couplings.—John W. Guider (assignor to himself and John Kiefer), St. Joseph, Mo. 112,449.—Bird Cage.—Gottlob Gunther, New York city. 112,450.—Stop Cock and Valve.—William Haas, New York city. 112,451.—Valve for Steam Engines.—Joseph L. Harley, Baltimore, Md., and Xaver Fendrich, Georgetown, D. C. 112,452.—Metallic Hub.—John H. Harper, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,453.—Composition for Lubricating Machinery.—E. Q. Henderson (assignor to John C. Burroughs and Richard A. Springs) Charlotte, N. C. 112,454.—Post-hole Digger.—Bryant B. Herrick, Decatur, Mich. 112,455.—Door Check.—Levi S. Hicks (assignor to himself, J. Perrin Johnson, and John Buell), Peoria, Ill. 112,456.—Railway-car Brake.—Luther Hill, Stoneham, and Seth D. Tripp, Lynn, Mass. 112,457.—Truss.—Adam Hinoult, Montgomery, N. Y. 112,458.—Feed Bag for Horses.—Walter A. Hough, South Butler, N. Y. 112,459.—Shade Holder for Lamps—Mark W. House, Cleveland, Ohio. 112,460.—Lamp Chimney.—Mark Wiggins House (assignor to the Cleveland Non-Explosive Lamp Company), Cleveland, Ohio. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,461.—Horse Hay Rake.—James Howard and E. T. Bousfield, Bedford, England. 112,462.—Tongs for Rolling Barrels.—Mark W. Ingle, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,463.—Pitman.—George W. Jayson, Lodi, Ohio. 112,464.—Paste for Paper Hangings.—John Jones (assignor to himself and Henry A. Smith), New York city. 112,465.—Twine Holder.—Edward M. Judd, New Haven, Ct. 112,466.—Clothes Pin or Clasp.—Amos L. Keeports and William Yount, Littletown, Pa. 112,467.—Putting up Hams.—Samuel Edward Kelly, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,468.—Limn Kiln.—Thomas A. Kirk, Kansas City, Mo. 112,469.—Fastening for Seats for Wagons or Sleighs.—John G. Knapp and John F. Robertson (assignors of one third their right to James H. Holly), Warwick, N. Y. 112,470.—Potato Planter.—George Knowlton (assignor for one-half his right to N. Haynes), Johnstown, Pa. 112,471.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,472.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,473.—Railroad Cattle-Guard Gate.—J. H. Mallory, La Porte, Ind. 112,474.—Back-reflecting Mirror.—Richard Mason (assignor to himself and Matthew Ely), Newark, N. J. 112,475.—Ventilator and Chimney Top.—James McGowan (assignor to himself and Daniel H. Waring), New York city. 112,476.—Apparatus for Rectifying and Refining Spirits.—Frederick Measey (assignor to himself and Henry D. Fling), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,477.—Tin Can.—John F. Merrill (assignor to himself and Alexander Stewart), Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,478.—Take-up Mechanism for Looms.—John Michna and Joseph Fischer, New York city. 112,479.—Combined Baker and Broiler.—Wm. H. Miller, Brandenburg, Ky. 112,480.—Shuttle for Sewing Machines.—James D. Moore, Grinnell, Iowa. 112,481.—Cotton Chopper and Grain Cultivator.—Daniel Mosely, Osark, Arkansas. 112,482.—Sad and Fluting Iron.—Frederick Myers, New York city. 112,483.—Reed for Organs and Melodeons.—Augustus Newell, Chicago, Ill. 112,484.—Straw Cutter.—Amon Park, Germanville, Iowa. 112,485.—Apparatus for Aging Whisky and Other Spirits.—Josiah Peiffer and Samuel Richards, Valonia, Pa. 112,486.—Combined Cotton and Corn Planter.—Louis A. Perrault (assignor to himself and Joseph Huber), Natchez, Miss. 112,487.—Faucet.—Solomon Pfleger, Reading, assignor to himself and J. S. Pfleger, Tamaqua, Pa. 112,488.—Treadle.—George K. Proctor, Salem, Mass. 112,489.—Lubricating Compound.—Victory Purdy, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 112,490.—Fertilizer and Seeding Machine.—Archibald Putnam (assignor to Elizabeth Putnam), Owego, N. Y. 112,491.—Rotary Pump.—George W. Putnam, South Glens Falls, N. Y. 112,492.—Hat Brush.—Robert Dunbar Radcliffe, Palmyra, N. Y. 112,493.—Refrigerating Show Case.—Thomas L. Rankin, Lyndon, Kansas, assignor to himself and D. W. Rockwell, Elyria, Ohio. 112,494.—Device for Starting and Stopping Cars.—Philip Rhoads, Carlisle, Pa. 112,495.—Pipe-molding Machine.—George Richardson, Milwaukee, Wis. 112,496.—Sulky Cultivator.—Richard B. Robbins, Adrian, Mich. 112,497.—Hand Plow.—Nelson Rue, Harrodsburg, Ky. 112,498.—Mechanical Movement.—Edward G. Russell, Ravenna, Ohio. 112,499.—Railway Car Brake.—Lyman Alphonzo Russell, Shrewsbury, Vt. 112,500.—Stovepipe Cleaner.—David Sanford, Ashton, Ill. 112,501.—Twine Holder.—Joseph B. Sargent and Purmont Bradford (assignors to Sargent & Co.), New Haven, Conn. 112,502.—Dovetailing Machine.—James M. Seymour, Newark, N. J. 112,503.—Wooden Pavement.—Eaton Shaw, Portland, Me. 112,504.—Guard for Circular Saws.—George W. Shipman, Ischua, N. Y. 112,505.—Breech-loading Firearm.—Dexter Smith and Martin J. Chamberlin, Springfield, Mass. 112,506.—Spark Arrester.—James Smith, Altoona, Pa. 112,507.—Horse Hay Rake.—Solomon P. Smith, Waterford, N. Y. 112,508.—Plow.—S. M. Stewart, New Harrisburg, Ohio. 112,509.—Medical Compound for Treating Fever and Ague.—George E. Swan, Mount Vernon, Ohio. 112,510.—Device for Cooling Journals of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,511.—Cooling Journal of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,512.—Cooling Journal of Car-wheel Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,513.—Device for Cooling Journals of Railway Cars.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,514.—Non-heating Handle for Sad Irons, etc.—William H. Towers, Boston, Mass. 112,515.—Lubricator.—John Erst Uhl, Renovo, Pa. 112,516.—Combined Corn Planter and Cultivator.—Franklin Underwood, South Rutland, N. Y. 112,517.—King Bolt.—Wendel Vondersaar, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,518.—Wheat Roaster.—George W. Waitt (assignor to himself and Robert B. Fitts), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,519.—Plaster Sower.—Thomas J. West, Alfred Center, N. Y. 112,520.—Ticket Holder.—Henry Wexel, Providence, R. I. 112,521.—Tobacco Press.—Abraham N. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. 112,522.—Combined Bag Holder and Scales.—William Zimmerman, Lebanon, Pa. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,523.—Breech-loading Firearm.—James M. Mason, Washington, D. C. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Official lists of patents

Photo by on Annie Spratt Unsplash In what may appear as just an introductory philosophy by its nomenclature, it is something that is practiced lifelong, far and wide across hierarchies at Amazon. The day-one philosophy keeps members of the organization in unwavering focus, brings a sense of immediacy, fosters a sense of belief to improve and grow, and plants a predilection for raising the bar of customer service. “Day 2, as Jeff Bezos remarks, is stasis, followed by irrelevance, followed by excruciating, painful decline, eventually followed by death. And that is .” why it is always day 1 What does this mean for other businesses? It signals the necessity to foster a culture that keeps the curiosity, energy, and entrepreneurial agility of the first day in business alive - every day. Let’s deep dive into what the ‘day one philosophy’ is, the soft but impactful disruptions it can make, why it should matter for businesses, especially startups, and how they must leverage it to their advantage. What's the day one philosophy? Fuelled by immense vigor, excitement, and ambition, day 1 connotes energy and enthusiasm in the life of Amazon. The philosophy is deeply rooted in Amazon, and it is this deep-rootedness that enables it to combat challenges, embrace change, employ quick decision-making, and, above all, have an obsession with its customers. For businesses wishful to thrive by embracing growth and innovation, there is much to glean from Amazon's conspicuous "Day 1" philosophy. As coined by Jeff Bezos, the corporate mantra "It's always Day One" embodies the spirit of a start-up – which is characterized by agility, hunger for innovations, openness to ideas, flexibility to adapt, and ready to change at a moment's notice. How can businesses leverage the day one philosophy? Modern-day businesses and keen entrepreneurs have a lot to learn and incorporate from what has catapulted Amazon into the industry giant it is today. They should analyze and dig into the details and see how they fit into their business context. With evolving markets to serve, ravenous consumers to deal with, and a plethora of business challenges to overcome, there cannot be a better mentality for businesses and startups than ‘day 1’ to accommodate. It’s highly business-oriented yet extremely customer-focused. And this combination is precisely what any prudent business would want. Let’s see how day one philosophy can help businesses stay competitively ahead. Cultivate a Day 1 Mindset “If it's in the mind, it’s everywhere. It’s pervasive.” From its origins in Bezos' garage to its current status as a leading ecommerce titan, Amazon has consciously and strivingly stuck to the ethos of a start-up. Day 1, in this context, is more than a temporal marker; it symbolizes an attitude that embraces experimentation through embedded practices, out-of-the-box approach, unreserved innovation, customer obsession, and long-term thinking. To inculcate the Day 1 mindset, as rigorous as it may sound, modern-era businesses must approach each day as if it were the first day of their entrepreneurial journey. This necessitates maintaining an insatiable eagerness to invent, learn from failures, and rebound stronger. It's about prioritizing customers over competitors, devising ways of enhancing customer experience, and pushing the boundaries to disrupt one's own comfort zone. The primacy of customer obsession At the heart of the Day 1 philosophy lies an unwavering focus on the customer. This intimates that businesses should strive to exceed customer expectations at every turn. It's paramount that actions are shaped more by customer needs than by the moves of competitors. principle of customer obsession The key is to become increasingly customer-centric and orchestrate the business strategy around customers' evolving expectations. Differentiation strategy, for instance, may be an easy task to undertake instantly for businesses who believe in remaining agile and on their toes. A prepared and prudent business must start sprinting at the whiff of evolving customer expectations. That’s precisely what agility and responsiveness in the philosophy strongly relate to. For futuristic businesses, this really means being responsive to customer feedback and continuously iterating and innovating based on customers' latent and explicit needs. To do this, businesses need to stay rooted in the domain of their customers while simultaneously earning and retaining their trust. Embrace Innovation and Experimentation Experimenting and innovating should be at the heart of ambitious businesses– something which the day one philosophy resonates with. It mandates a deep-rooted . The easiest way to prolong Day 1 is by fostering a culture that values and encourages experimentation, even at the cost of short-term failure. commitment to innovation Businesses can encourage teams to test new ideas, processes, and products. Realizing that innovation often comes from multiple trials and inevitable missteps is instrumental to maintaining the resilience and agility of a Day 1 venture. Crews should be encouraged to learn, iterate, and pivot based on their failures and successes. Long-term Sustainable Thinking The Day 1 philosophy is not just about the 'now’; it's just as much about 'what’s to arrive.' Businesses must align themselves with the future they aspire to create. Institutionalizing long-term thinking can uncover opportunities that short-term objectives might obfuscate. By making strategic choices to invest time, effort, and resources into profoundly understanding their industry, market trends, and customer behavior, businesses can foresee and shape the future. Long-term sustainable thinking enables businesses to continuously innovate, differentiate themselves, and excel in their respective industries, thereby keeping the freshness of Day 1 alive. Why Innovation Pays Off? Another cornerstone of the Day 1 philosophy is the relentless pursuit of innovation. One may often ask how critical innovation is for adopting a Day One approach. It’s absolutely vital, to be precise. Amazon’s playbook encourages businesses to embed a culture that values experimentation, understanding that failures today can catapult the successes of tomorrow. By empowering teams to learn from iterative failures and successes, enthusiastically futuristic businesses of today can certainly harness the creativity and resilience needed to drive sustained growth. Conclusion Industries are becoming increasingly rivalrous. Businesses ought to behave aggressively. The day one mentality is pressing and yielding, as can be witnessed by the growth of Amazon. If they can adopt the right elements of sustainability, agility & nimble structures, innovation, curiosity, high-velocity decision-making abilities, customer-centrism, and adaptability, they are bound to witness profound growth. They can shepherd businesses into unprecedented territories of success and customer satisfaction. Cultivating that all-important Day 1 mentality, wherein every day is treated as a new beginning, not only promotes agility & resilience but fosters an undying thirst for improvement. Incorporating these principles into your business strategy can provide a competitive edge and show your readiness to adapt and evolve. In the fast-paced, competitive world of business, it's crucial to remember— it's always Day One.

Embracing 'Day One': Amazon's Enduring Philosophy Reshaping Modern Businesses

I awoke, and my first thought was, Adrian and Clara are dead.

Now—soft awhile—have I arrived so near the end?

Eventful winter passed; winter, the respite of our ills.

Hear you not the rushing sound of the coming tempest?

Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . MARBLE AND MOSAIC. here MARBLE AND MOSAIC. By T.R. SPENCE. I do not propose to enter into any historical details as to the first and subsequent application of mosaics. In a general sense we understand mosaic as a combination of various more or less imperishable materials—fixed together by cement or other adhesive substances—and laid over walls, floors, etc., with a view to permanent decorative effect. The substance of the tesseræ is of many kinds, namely, glass, cheap and precious marbles, hard stone, and burnt clay, these mentioned being mainly in use for architectural purposes. For decorative schemes we collect as many gradations of color as are obtainable in such durable materials in their natural or manufactured state, and thus form a color palette which we regard in the same sense as a painter would his pigments. Of course, the first proceeding is to prepare a design on a small scale, which shall embrace your notions of color only. Then follows a full-sized cartoon, which I need hardly add shall embrace your best efforts in drawing. A tracing is made of the latter and transferred to sheets of cardboard. This cardboard is cut to the size of certain sections of your design, and, for convenience, should not be more than, say, 20 in. square. Of course, it will not always be square, but will bear the same relation to your complete cartoon as a map of the counties would to that of all England. Now, working from the small design (of color), the tesseræ are cut to the forms required, laid face downward, and glued on to the cardboard sections containing your enlarged cartoon. When the design is all worked out on these sections they are ready for fixing on walls or floor by laying them home on a float of cement. When the cement sets, the cardboard sticking to the face is washed off, and the joints of tesseræ flushed over with cement and cleaned off, leaving all joints filled up level. There are other processes used for the same end. The technical processes need not occupy our attention at present. There is one process that may appeal to you, and that is executing the work by floating on a limited expanse of cement, and sticking on the tesseræ at once. It has the advantage of enabling the artist or architect to see the effect of his efforts under the fixed conditions of light and height. in situ I shall confine myself to vitreous or glass mosaic, which for durability, extended scales of primary colors and their numerous semi-transparent gradations is unequaled by any substance yet used for wall or floor decoration. I am surprised, having all these fine qualities, it is not more used by architects. If you require proofs of its triumphs, go to St. Mark's, of Venice, and stand under its mellow golden roof. There you will find its domes and vaulted aisles, nave and transepts entirely overlaid with gold mosaic, into which ground is worked—in the deepest and richest colors and their gradations that contemporary manufacturers could produce—subjects selected from the creation down to the life of Christ, in addition containing a complete alphabet of early Christian symbolism. The roof surfaces being one succession of over-arching curves become receptive of innumerable waves of light and broad unities of soft shadows, giving the whole an incomparable quality of tone and low juicy color. Never use your gold but on curved or undulating surfaces. Flat planes of gold only give the effect of a monotonous metallic yellow, and can never be beautiful, owing to the absence of the variations that come with waves of shadow. By letting out the reins of imagination we might feel that in this a tenth century Giorgione has given off the mental impressions of all the golden autumn of his life. His material gave him an advantage over his great followers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, insomuch that glass has a living and glowing quality of light not existing in the somewhat clouded purity of oil or fresco. In St. Mark's we have an example of the superb treatment in deepest and most Titianesque scales applied to curved forms, but to find a similarly complete example of the use of lighter tones and on flat surfaces, we must turn to Ravenna. I can give you no adequate description of the wall mosaics of Ravenna. In the sense of delicate color they remind me of some of the subtile harmonies of many of the finest works of the modern French school—of the Impressionists and others who combine that quality with a true instinct for design. In standing before them you feel that the Dagnan Bouverets, the Mersons, the Cazins, the Puvis de Chavannes, etc., of the fifth century have had a hand in the conception and realization of the beautiful compositions to be found on the nave walls of the two churches of St. Appollinare Nuovo and St. Appollinare in Classe. Here all the scales are of delicate degrees of light tones, supreme in their beauty, completeness, and, most important to us, their true decorative instinct. In the Baptistery we find what I may term a third essay in color, by weaving in rich, dark, and glowing colors on figures and bold sinuous forms of ornament in such a skillful and judicious manner that the whole dome seems to be alive with harmonies, although they are mostly primaries. As you know, rules for the disposition of color are futile, yet some details that struck me as eminently satisfactory may interest you. In all cases the tesseræ are of small dimensions, about a quarter of an inch square. The stucco joints are large and open, surfaces far from level, but undulating considerably. The tesseræ stick up in parts, brilliant edges showing. Absence of flatness gives play to the light. The gray of the stucco joints brings the whole composition together, serving as cool grays in a picture to give tender unity. Gold, apart from backgrounds and large surfaces, is used very cleverly in small pieces in borders of garments, and more especially in thin outlines to make out the drawing and certain flowing forms of ornament. Brilliant pieces of glass actually moulded at the kiln into forms of jewels add brilliancy to crowns, borders, etc. These stick boldly out from the surface. I noticed in the Baptistery below the springing of the dome a frieze about 2 ft. 6 in. deep, having the ground entirely in black, through which was woven in thin gold lines a delicate foliated design. This, in conjunction with the upper surfaces in dark, rich color, had a most delightful effect. We, as students, can learn most from the Ravenna examples, for great are the needs of light and silvery color in this country, where gray and gloomy days far outnumber those in which the sun gives liberally of his light. I may say, in passing, as our subject is really a matter of decoration, that our nineteenth century efforts in this direction are all of a somewhat gloomy tendency. We fill our rooms with imitations of somber Spanish leather, stain and paint our woodwork in leathery and muddy tones, to arrive at what is now a sort of decorator's god. Quaintness is the name of that god. Many are the sins for which he has to answer. Had we not better worship a deity called beauty, whose place is a little higher up Parnassus? Why should we not in our endeavors attempt in some measure to transfix the brilliant harmonies that follow the sun in his liberal and gracious course? This muddy quaintness is certainly pleasant for brief periods, when lamps are low and fire light gilds and deepens its parts. Turn the sunlight on these so-called triumphs of the modern decorator's art, and then you feel the lack of many a phase of color that might have been borrowed from the thousand and one examples that in nature he vivifies and makes brilliant. Referring again to the Ravenna mosaics, I can only add that at the present day an extended palette of colored glass is available. The technical difficulties are not great, and there is no question as to the fine qualities of design and color that are to be obtained in this material. The great point in this, as in all other schemes of decoration, is the art, the mental quality of conception, and the sense of color and fitness. If we hold the precious heritage of an artist's mind—that divine and rare something which gives form, color, and completeness to a story, a dream or a vision—then very little difficulty follows in making vitreous mosaic a valued servant in the realization of a fine creation. It is the function of architects to design suitable spaces for color decoration, so bound in by dignified mouldings and other details of his constructive art, in such a manner that the addition of decorative color shall in no way mar the scheme of his complete work, but shall (under these well ordered distributions) have set on them the seal and crown of color which is inseparable from a perfect piece of architecture. In such spaces he may dream his dreams, tell his stories, and stamp on them for centuries his subtilest and divinest thoughts. May I not urge that to such spaces must be given the best that is in you? for once placed so shall they remain unchanged through generations, time being powerless to add any mellow garment of tone or softening quality whatever. I mistook the title of the subject in thinking that it was mosaic only, and at the last moment found it was marble and mosaic. However, the same dominant principles shall underlie the treatment of marble. It is a question of the finer instincts for form and color. In recent years the demand for choice decorative materials has been the means of opening out many marble quarries all over the world. Transit being easy, a large scale of varieties is available. One fine addition is the Mexican onyx. My feeling is that the most beautiful marbles are those where the soft and sinuous veins melt and die into the general body, comparatively sharp markings dying right away at the edges into innumerable gradations. Marbles having strong and hardly marked veins present great difficulties in distribution. If they are near, they offend you with their coarseness; and, placed at a distance, the hard vein lines have very little decorative value. I should say use these in narrow slips, with very little moulded profile or as parts of intazzio. Mouldings should be specially designed for different marbles. I should say mainly on the principle of sudden contrasts; that is, large members with very little curve bound with members very small in detail, thus obtaining sharp lines, having little surface to be influenced or distorted by the veined markings, and serving to sharpen up and give form to the broader members (which show the color qualities of the marble), much as you sharpen up an ink drawing by underlining. These small members serve the architect's purpose for the expression of vertical and horizontal lines, and where decisive and cutting shadows are required in the composition of his work. If delicate carving forms part of your design, I should say statuary is the best, as you have no veins to distort your detail. I need hardly add that economy should be studied in using precious marbles, without injuring the durability of the work. Contours may be built up in thin sections. Intazzio is a beautiful form of treating marble on an inexpensive ground. Gem-like effects may be obtained by inlaying with smaller pieces, following such ornamental forms as your inventive brains shall dictate. Perhaps the pockets of your clients will be the chief dictator. Heraldic emblazonings, inlaid in marble, are highly effective. The conditions of the heraldry necessitate the use of many varieties, but in such small quantities that on a large simple field they are rarely out of harmony. In addition they map out a large and interesting variety that will save the worry of creation of designs coming entirely from your own brain, and you know the worry of an architect's life makes him hail with pleasure at times a rest from the strain of creation. This heraldic work may be seen to perfection in the chapel of the tombs of the Medici at Florence. At the Pitti Palace are some tables which you may know where marble intazzio can no further go. Alabaster does not appeal to me, it is somewhat sugary in results. If you are fortunate enough to have a sculptor who is a sort of nineteenth century Donatello, let him work his will on statuary or such restful marble. The celebrated monument in the church of S. Giovanni Paulo, at Venice, which Ruskin says is the finest monument in the world, if my recollection serves me correctly, is in white marble, and its beauty comes entirely from the sculptor's art. Such monuments give you much better than any words of mine ample suggestions for marble treatment. I may quote such names as Nicolo Pisano and Verocchio. Photos of some of their work I have brought. Note Pisano's beautiful white altar at Bologna, and Mina de Fiesole's work in Florence. They all show the sculptor as supreme. Why should not we encourage individual young sculptors more? Give them portions of your work in which they can put all the fervor and enthusiasm of young manhood. Their powers may not be ripe, but they possess a verve and intensity that may have forever fled when in later years the imagination is less enthusiastic and the pulses slower. I am sure there are many young sculptors now wanting commissions who have been trained at the academy, and better still, in the best French schools. I maintain that the contemporary French school of sculpture is in its line equal to any school of sculpture that has ever existed, not excepting that of Phidias or that of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. I believe history will confirm this. Why not give these men an opportunity, and help on the movement to found a truly English school of sculpture, rather than give all such work to trading firms of carvers, who will do you any number of superficial feet, properly priced and scheduled, and in the bills of quantities, of any style you please, from prehistoric to Victorian Gothic? Of course, this is our British way of founding a great school. There is one method of treatment that appeals to me very strongly, and that is the application of colored metals to marble, more especially bronze and copper. I may quote as a successful example near the Wellington Memorial at St. Paul's. Another suggestion—although it is not used in combination with marble, but it nevertheless suggests what might be done in the way of bronze panels—that is, the Fawcett Memorial, by Gilbert, in the west chapel at Westminster Abbey. A paper recently read before the Architectural Association, London.— . From the Architect About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11649/pg11649-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

MARBLE AND MOSAIC

I discovered the total revolution that the disasters of Raymond

I hope this post's title does not make you feel clickbaited, but I promise I will try to live up to it. I must admit that I am not fluent in the works of Edgar Allan Poe, but I read his essay “The Philosophy of Composition,” and I was amazed by the lessons it can provide to security professionals. In this essay, he details his thought process for coming up with the poem “The Raven.” Since this is an amazing piece of writing, I want to showcase some of his thoughts on this topic and how they can be applied to the writing of security professionals. Keep in mind that Poe is talking about poetry, and is not poetry, and it shouldn’t be. Therefore, not all of this essay can be applied to cybersecurity, and sometimes, it is the case that you should do the exact opposite. cybersecurity writing Cybersecurity Writing What do I mean when I talk about “Cybersecurity Writing”? Almost every job in the field of cybersecurity will demand writing a report about something. Examples are: Pentest and Red Team reports Cyber Threat Intelligence reports reporting on an OSINT investigation audit reports reporting on a security incident that has occurred All of these reports usually serve the purpose of summarizing an extensive and highly technical job you and your peers have done and presenting the outcomes to stakeholders ranging from management to IT admins. The Philosophy and Poetry of Cybersecurity Writing I will structure this post along with some quotes from Poe’s essay and will talk about how I think they apply to cybersecurity writing. I still urge you to read the essay in full, and if you haven’t done so yet, you should read the poem “The Raven.” You can find the essay here: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69390/the-philosophy-of-composition Nothing is more clear than that every plot, worth the name, must be elaborated to its denouement before anything be attempted with the pen. It is only with the denouement constantly in view that we can give a plot its indispensable air of consequence, or causation, by making the incidents, and especially the tone at all points, tend to the development of the intention. This illustrates that before you start to put anything in writing, you should think about your message and the point(s) you want to make. These key takeaways should always be in the back of your head, and all writing you do should aim to serve them. If your goal is to increase the budget for awareness training, the shortcomings and vulnerabilities you talk about should imply that an increased user awareness would reduce the risk of them becoming dangerous to your organization. Or, as Poe said: I prefer commencing with the consideration of an effect. It is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem. This is one of the most remarkable quotes in this entire essay. Poe admits that poetry and good writing are essentially mathematical problems, contrary to something that comes from intuition and accident. While this may take the romance out of some poetry, it is great news for all cybersecurity professionals. This means that you can learn good writing. The best thing is that this calls for the use of templates. If there are clear constraints that define good writing, you can put them into a template and reuse them. Doing this will make writing easier and faster and reduce overhead. If any literary work is too long to be read at one sitting, we must be content to dispense with the immensely important effect derivable from unity of impression. This explains why all your work should have a “Management Summary.” Someday, somebody wants a five-minute summary of your work, and this person probably is the one calling the shots. If your writing is not able to convey its message in a very short time, all the work that went into your report might be pointless. What we term a long poem is, in fact, merely a succession of brief ones—that is to say, of brief poetical effects. Sadly, a report that can be read in five minutes is not always sufficient. If your client has paid thousands of dollars for the work you did and the only tangible result he gets is a PDF, you better make sure he feels that it is worth his money. Sometimes, this can be achieved by writing a big, extensive report. If that is the case, it is a good idea to provide a variety of arguments that support the “story arch” to arrive at your overall conclusion. I kept steadily in view the design of rendering the work universally appreciable. This is perfectly highlighting what should be done in terms of “stakeholder communications.” Usually, there will be multiple recipients of your writing with varying degrees of understanding of the topic you are talking about. Make sure that all of them get what they need from your writing. That does not mean that you have to explain recent threat actor activity or cross-site scripting like you are talking to a five-year-old. You can include different chapters in your report aimed at different audiences, but make sure to explain which chapter is intended for which audience. Always keep your audience in mind and make sure all stakeholders can appreciate your work. Truth, in fact, demands a precision, and Passion, a homeliness (the truly passionate will comprehend me), which are absolutely antagonistic to that Beauty which, I maintain, is the excitement or pleasurable elevation of the soul. This separates the writing cybersecurity folks do from the stuff poets produce. Creating beautiful reports is nice to have, but the truth (philosophical question: “Can we get there?”) is what you should aim for. So don’t shy away from telling things like they are. The sound of the refrain being thus determined, it became necessary to select a word embodying this sound, and at the same time in the fullest possible keeping with that melancholy which I had pre-determined as the tone of the poem. In such a search it would have been absolutely impossible to overlook the word “Nevermore.” The repetition of the word “Nevermore” is probably the thing that still is in your head, together with a memory of the dark and mystic vibe that the poem had. It will be the same with the reports you are writing. So aim for an overarching tone and repeat your refrain. It probably is not “Nevermore,” but something like “increase the budget,” “defense in depth,” or “there is a high risk because of this event.” Here, then, immediately arose the idea of a non-reasoning creature capable of speech, and very naturally, a parrot, in the first instance, suggested itself, but was superseded forthwith by a Raven as equally capable of speech, and infinitely more in keeping with the intended tone. This is a fun insight into Poe’s process of thinking, but also a key message about tone and choice of words. Consider your audience, the vibe, and the message your writing targets. Throwing around terms like MQTT, AES, IoC, and APT is probably a bad idea for a management summary. As well as using terms like “hacker tools” and “sneaky software” ****in chapters written for your security teams. The same applies to general tone. For example: “Our systems are currently under siege by a sophisticated APT, demonstrating indicators of highly skilled adversaries with substantial resources.” tells you, “Shits on fire, yo” On the other hand: “We have identified the potential presence of an APT in our network. This could possibly lead to issues in the system integrity and data security if not looked into.” sounds way less scary. Conclusion Writing is a crucial skill for any security professional, and I believe we all should spend some time learning and improving that skill systematically. Communicating your messages and intentions in a clear and audience-appropriate way can save time, advance your career, and improve the perception of your work. If you have enjoyed this blog, share it with a friend, follow me on Twitter , and give it a like. @secbyaccident Also published . here

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