About a year and a half ago, quantum control startup Quantum Machines and Nvidia announced a deep partnership that would bring together Nvidia's DGX

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Quantum Machines

quantummachines

Authors:
(1) Revathy B S, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560080, Karnataka, India and Corresponding author;
(2) Victor Mukherjee, Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India;
(3) Uma Divakaran, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, Kerala, India. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Free fermionic model 3 Many body quantum Otto cycle 4 Universal scalings in work output 5 Transverse Ising model as working medium 6 Conclusion and References 6 Conclusion We construct a many body quantum Otto cycle with a WM that undergoes a quantum phase transition. The non-unitary strokes of the cycle are powered by finite temperature baths, while the unitary strokes involve driving the WM close to the critical point. This driving leads to nonadiabatic excitations which can be quantified using relative excess energy that follows universal scalings with the rate of driving as well as the temperature of the cold bath. The excess energy can be linked to the output work of the engine which thus manifests the universal scalings shown by the excess energy. Notably, we show that higher values of the cold bath temperature TC allows one to operate the engine close to the adiabatic limit for lower values of τ2 ≈ τmin, which further follows universal scaling relations. This raises interesting questions regarding the importance of control methods such as shortcuts to adiabaticity [41], or bath engineering [23], for finite temperature quantum heat engines. Furthermore, our results for one-dimensional transverse Ising model WM suggest the existence of an optimal value of the cold bath temperature TC > 0, for operating the QHE with high work output at high power. These counterintuitive results stem from the dominance of thermal fluctuations over quantum fluctuations in finite-temperature quantum critical heat engines, for higher bath temperatures. Acknowledgements. R.B.S. and U.D. acknowledge the use of HPC facility Chandra at IIT Palakkad. U.D. acknowledges support from SERB (SPG/2022/000708). V.M. acknowledges support from SERB through MATRICS (Project No. MTR/2021/000055) and a Seed Grant from IISER Berhampur. Data Availability Statement. Any data that support the findings of this study are included within the article. References [1] Jochen Gemmer, Mathias Michel, and G¨unter Mahler. Quantum thermodynamics: Emergence of thermodynamic behavior within composite quantum systems, volume 784. Springer, 2009. [2] Robert Alicki and Ronnie Kosloff. Introduction to Quantum Thermodynamics: History and Prospects. Springer International Publishing, 2018. [3] Sai Vinjanampathy and Janet Anders. Quantum thermodynamics. Contemporary Physics, 57:545, 2016. [4] Johannes Roßnagel, Samuel T. Dawkins, Karl N. Tolazzi, Obinna Abah, Eric Lutz, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, and Kilian Singer. A single-atom heat engine. Science, 352(6283):325–329, 2016. [5] D. von Lindenfels, O. Grab, C. T. Schmiegelow, V. Kaushal, J. Schulz, Mark T. Mitchison, John Goold, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and U. G. Poschinger. Spin heat engine coupled to a harmonic-oscillator flywheel. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123:080602, Aug 2019. [6] John P. S. Peterson, Tiago B. Batalh˜ao, Marcela Herrera, Alexandre M. Souza, Roberto S. Sarthour, Ivan S. Oliveira, and Roberto M. Serra. Experimental characterization of a spin quantum heat engine. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123:240601, Dec 2019. [7] James Klatzow, Jonas N. Becker, Patrick M. Ledingham, Christian Weinzetl, Krzysztof T. Kaczmarek, Dylan J. Saunders, Joshua Nunn, Ian A. Walmsley, Raam Uzdin, and Eilon Poem. Experimental demonstration of quantum effects in the operation of microscopic heat engines. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122:110601, Mar 2019. [8] Obinna Abah and Eric Lutz. Optimal performance of a quantum otto refrigerator. Europhysics Letters, 113(6):60002, apr 2016. [9] Andreas Hartmann, Victor Mukherjee, Glen Bigan Mbeng, Wolfgang Niedenzu, and Wolfgang Lechner. Multi-spin counterdiabatic driving in many-body quantum otto refrigerators. Quantum, 4:377, 2020. [10] Thao P. Le, Jesper Levinsen, Kavan Modi, Meera M. Parish, and Felix A. Pollock. Spinchain model of a many-body quantum battery. Phys. Rev. A, 97:022106, Feb 2018. [11] Francesco Campaioli, Felix A. Pollock, and Sai Vinjanampathy. Quantum batteries - review chapter. arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2018. [12] Victor Montenegro, Marco G. Genoni, Abolfazl Bayat, and Matteo G. A. Paris. Quantum metrology with boundary time crystals. Communications Physics, 6(1):304, Oct 2023. [13] Karl Joulain, Jeremie Drevillon, Younes Ezzahri, and Jose Ordonez-Miranda. Quantum thermal transistor. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116:200601, May 2016. [14] Nikhil Gupt, Srijan Bhattacharyya, Bikash Das, Subhadeep Datta, Victor Mukherjee, and Arnab Ghosh. Floquet quantum thermal transistor. Phys. Rev. E, 106:024110, Aug 2022. [15] H. T. Quan, Yu-xi Liu, C. P. Sun, and Franco Nori. Quantum thermodynamic cycles and quantum heat engines. Phys. Rev. E, 76:031105, Sep 2007. [16] Ronnie Kosloff and Yair Rezek. The quantum harmonic otto cycle. Entropy, 19(4), 2017. [17] M. Campisi and R. Fazio. The power of a critical heat engine. Nat. Commun., 7:11895, 2016. [18] Thomas Fogarty and Thomas Busch. A many-body heat engine at criticality. Quantum Science and Technology, 6(1):015003, nov 2020. [19] Giulia Piccitto, Michele Campisi, and Davide Rossini. The ising critical quantum otto engine. New Journal of Physics, 2022. [20] Yu-Han Ma, Shan-He Su, and Chang-Pu Sun. Quantum thermodynamic cycle with quantum phase transition. Phys. Rev. E, 96:022143, Aug 2017. [21] Watanabe G. Yu YC Guan XW Chen, YY. and del Campo. An interaction-driven many particles quantum heat engine and its universal behavior. npj Quantum Inf, 5, 2019. [22] Revathy B.S, Victor Mukherjee, Uma Divakaran, and Adolfo del Campo. Universal finite-time thermodynamics of many-body quantum machines from kibble-zurek scaling. Phys. Rev. Res., 2:043247, 2020. [23] Revathy B.S, Victor Mukherjee, and Uma Divakaran. Bath engineering enhanced quantum critical engines. Entropy, 24(10), 2022. [24] Revathy B.S, Harsh Sharma, and Uma Divakaran. Improving performance of quantum heat engines by free evolution. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.07003, 2023. [25] Jacek Dziarmaga. Dynamics of a quantum phase transition: Exact solution of the quantum ising model. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95:245701, Dec 2005. [26] Victor Mukherjee, Uma Divakaran, Amit Dutta, and Diptiman Sen. Quenching dynamics of a quantum xy spin- 1 2 chain in a transverse field. Phys. Rev. B, 76:174303, Nov 2007. [27] K. Sengupta, Diptiman Sen, and Shreyoshi Mondal. Exact results for quench dynamics and defect production in a two-dimensional model. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100:077204, Feb 2008. [28] Maximilian Keck, Simone Montangero, Giuseppe E Santoro, Rosario Fazio, and Davide Rossini. Dissipation in adiabatic quantum computers: lessons from an exactly solvable model. New Journal of Physics, 19(11):113029, nov 2017. [29] Souvik Bandyopadhyay, Sudarshana Laha, Utso Bhattacharya, and Amit Dutta. Exploring the possibilities of dynamical quantum phase transitions in the presence of a markovian bath. Scientific Reports, 8(1):11921, 2018. [30] Bogdan Damski and Wojciech H. Zurek. Adiabatic-impulse approximation for avoided level crossings: From phase-transition dynamics to landau-zener evolutions and back again. Phys. Rev. A, 73:063405, Jun 2006. [31] Anatoli Polkovnikov, Krishnendu Sengupta, Alessandro Silva, and Mukund Vengalattore. Colloquium: Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys., 83:863–883, Aug 2011. [32] Adolfo Del Campo and Wojciech H Zurek. Universality of phase transition dynamics: Topological defects from symmetry breaking. International Journal of Modern Physics A, 29(08):1430018, 2014. [33] Amit Dutta, Gabriel Aeppli, Bikas K Chakrabarti, Uma Divakaran, Thomas F Rosenbaum, and Diptiman Sen. Quantum phase transitions in transverse field spin models: from statistical physics to quantum information. Cambridge University Press, 2015. [34] A. Polkovnikov and V. Gritsev. Breakdown of the adiabatic limit in low-dimensional gapless systems. Nature Physics, 4:477, June 2008. [35] C. De Grandi, V. Gritsev, and A. Polkovnikov. Quench dynamics near a quantum critical point: Application to the sine-gordon model. Phys. Rev. B, 81:224301, Jun 2010. [36] C. De Grandi, V. Gritsev, and A. Polkovnikov. Quench dynamics near a quantum critical point. Phys. Rev. B, 81:012303, Jan 2010. [37] Shusa Deng, Gerardo Ortiz, and Lorenza Viola. Dynamical critical scaling and effective thermalization in quantum quenches: Role of the initial state. Phys. Rev. B, 83:094304, 2011. [38] Pierre Pfeuty. The one-dimensional ising model with a transverse field. Annals of Physics, 57(1):79 – 90, 1970. [39] J. E. Bunder and Ross H. McKenzie. Effect of disorder on quantum phase transitions in anisotropic xy spin chains in a transverse field. Phys. Rev. B, 60:344–358, Jul 1999. [40] Elliott Lieb, Theodore Schultz, and Daniel Mattis. Two soluble models of an antiferromagnetic chain. Annals of Physics, 16(3):407 – 466, 1961. [41] Andreas Hartmann, Victor Mukherjee, Wolfgang Niedenzu, and Wolfgang Lechner. Many-body quantum heat engines with shortcuts to adiabaticity. Phys. Rev. Res., 2:023145, May 2020. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Revathy B S, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560080, Karnataka, India and Corresponding author; (2) Victor Mukherjee, Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India; (3) Uma Divakaran, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, Kerala, India. Authors: Authors: (1) Revathy B S, Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, 560080, Karnataka, India and Corresponding author; (2) Victor Mukherjee, Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha, India; (3) Uma Divakaran, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, 678623, Kerala, India. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Free fermionic model 2 Free fermionic model 3 Many body quantum Otto cycle 3 Many body quantum Otto cycle 4 Universal scalings in work output 4 Universal scalings in work output 5 Transverse Ising model as working medium 5 Transverse Ising model as working medium 6 Conclusion and References 6 Conclusion and References 6 Conclusion We construct a many body quantum Otto cycle with a WM that undergoes a quantum phase transition. The non-unitary strokes of the cycle are powered by finite temperature baths, while the unitary strokes involve driving the WM close to the critical point. This driving leads to nonadiabatic excitations which can be quantified using relative excess energy that follows universal scalings with the rate of driving as well as the temperature of the cold bath. The excess energy can be linked to the output work of the engine which thus manifests the universal scalings shown by the excess energy. Notably, we show that higher values of the cold bath temperature TC allows one to operate the engine close to the adiabatic limit for lower values of τ2 ≈ τmin, which further follows universal scaling relations. This raises interesting questions regarding the importance of control methods such as shortcuts to adiabaticity [41], or bath engineering [23], for finite temperature quantum heat engines. Furthermore, our results for one-dimensional transverse Ising model WM suggest the existence of an optimal value of the cold bath temperature TC > 0, for operating the QHE with high work output at high power. These counterintuitive results stem from the dominance of thermal fluctuations over quantum fluctuations in finite-temperature quantum critical heat engines, for higher bath temperatures. Acknowledgements . R.B.S. and U.D. acknowledge the use of HPC facility Chandra at IIT Palakkad. U.D. acknowledges support from SERB (SPG/2022/000708). V.M. acknowledges support from SERB through MATRICS (Project No. MTR/2021/000055) and a Seed Grant from IISER Berhampur. Acknowledgements Data Availability Statement. Any data that support the findings of this study are included within the article. Data Availability Statement. References [1] Jochen Gemmer, Mathias Michel, and G¨unter Mahler. Quantum thermodynamics: Emergence of thermodynamic behavior within composite quantum systems, volume 784. Springer, 2009. [2] Robert Alicki and Ronnie Kosloff. Introduction to Quantum Thermodynamics: History and Prospects. Springer International Publishing, 2018. [3] Sai Vinjanampathy and Janet Anders. Quantum thermodynamics. Contemporary Physics, 57:545, 2016. [4] Johannes Roßnagel, Samuel T. Dawkins, Karl N. Tolazzi, Obinna Abah, Eric Lutz, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, and Kilian Singer. A single-atom heat engine. Science, 352(6283):325–329, 2016. [5] D. von Lindenfels, O. Grab, C. T. Schmiegelow, V. Kaushal, J. Schulz, Mark T. Mitchison, John Goold, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and U. G. Poschinger. Spin heat engine coupled to a harmonic-oscillator flywheel. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123:080602, Aug 2019. [6] John P. S. Peterson, Tiago B. Batalh˜ao, Marcela Herrera, Alexandre M. Souza, Roberto S. Sarthour, Ivan S. Oliveira, and Roberto M. Serra. Experimental characterization of a spin quantum heat engine. Phys. Rev. Lett., 123:240601, Dec 2019. [7] James Klatzow, Jonas N. Becker, Patrick M. Ledingham, Christian Weinzetl, Krzysztof T. Kaczmarek, Dylan J. Saunders, Joshua Nunn, Ian A. Walmsley, Raam Uzdin, and Eilon Poem. Experimental demonstration of quantum effects in the operation of microscopic heat engines. Phys. Rev. Lett., 122:110601, Mar 2019. [8] Obinna Abah and Eric Lutz. Optimal performance of a quantum otto refrigerator. Europhysics Letters, 113(6):60002, apr 2016. [9] Andreas Hartmann, Victor Mukherjee, Glen Bigan Mbeng, Wolfgang Niedenzu, and Wolfgang Lechner. Multi-spin counterdiabatic driving in many-body quantum otto refrigerators. Quantum, 4:377, 2020. [10] Thao P. Le, Jesper Levinsen, Kavan Modi, Meera M. Parish, and Felix A. Pollock. Spinchain model of a many-body quantum battery. Phys. Rev. A, 97:022106, Feb 2018. [11] Francesco Campaioli, Felix A. Pollock, and Sai Vinjanampathy. Quantum batteries - review chapter. arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2018. [12] Victor Montenegro, Marco G. Genoni, Abolfazl Bayat, and Matteo G. A. Paris. Quantum metrology with boundary time crystals. Communications Physics, 6(1):304, Oct 2023. [13] Karl Joulain, Jeremie Drevillon, Younes Ezzahri, and Jose Ordonez-Miranda. Quantum thermal transistor. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116:200601, May 2016. [14] Nikhil Gupt, Srijan Bhattacharyya, Bikash Das, Subhadeep Datta, Victor Mukherjee, and Arnab Ghosh. Floquet quantum thermal transistor. Phys. Rev. E, 106:024110, Aug 2022. [15] H. T. Quan, Yu-xi Liu, C. P. Sun, and Franco Nori. Quantum thermodynamic cycles and quantum heat engines. Phys. Rev. E, 76:031105, Sep 2007. [16] Ronnie Kosloff and Yair Rezek. The quantum harmonic otto cycle. Entropy, 19(4), 2017. [17] M. Campisi and R. Fazio. The power of a critical heat engine. Nat. Commun., 7:11895, 2016. [18] Thomas Fogarty and Thomas Busch. A many-body heat engine at criticality. Quantum Science and Technology, 6(1):015003, nov 2020. [19] Giulia Piccitto, Michele Campisi, and Davide Rossini. The ising critical quantum otto engine. New Journal of Physics, 2022. [20] Yu-Han Ma, Shan-He Su, and Chang-Pu Sun. Quantum thermodynamic cycle with quantum phase transition. Phys. Rev. E, 96:022143, Aug 2017. [21] Watanabe G. Yu YC Guan XW Chen, YY. and del Campo. An interaction-driven many particles quantum heat engine and its universal behavior. npj Quantum Inf, 5, 2019. [22] Revathy B.S, Victor Mukherjee, Uma Divakaran, and Adolfo del Campo. Universal finite-time thermodynamics of many-body quantum machines from kibble-zurek scaling. Phys. Rev. Res., 2:043247, 2020. [23] Revathy B.S, Victor Mukherjee, and Uma Divakaran. Bath engineering enhanced quantum critical engines. Entropy, 24(10), 2022. [24] Revathy B.S, Harsh Sharma, and Uma Divakaran. Improving performance of quantum heat engines by free evolution. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.07003, 2023. [25] Jacek Dziarmaga. Dynamics of a quantum phase transition: Exact solution of the quantum ising model. Phys. Rev. Lett., 95:245701, Dec 2005. [26] Victor Mukherjee, Uma Divakaran, Amit Dutta, and Diptiman Sen. Quenching dynamics of a quantum xy spin- 1 2 chain in a transverse field. Phys. Rev. B, 76:174303, Nov 2007. [27] K. Sengupta, Diptiman Sen, and Shreyoshi Mondal. Exact results for quench dynamics and defect production in a two-dimensional model. Phys. Rev. Lett., 100:077204, Feb 2008. [28] Maximilian Keck, Simone Montangero, Giuseppe E Santoro, Rosario Fazio, and Davide Rossini. Dissipation in adiabatic quantum computers: lessons from an exactly solvable model. New Journal of Physics, 19(11):113029, nov 2017. [29] Souvik Bandyopadhyay, Sudarshana Laha, Utso Bhattacharya, and Amit Dutta. Exploring the possibilities of dynamical quantum phase transitions in the presence of a markovian bath. Scientific Reports, 8(1):11921, 2018. [30] Bogdan Damski and Wojciech H. Zurek. Adiabatic-impulse approximation for avoided level crossings: From phase-transition dynamics to landau-zener evolutions and back again. Phys. Rev. A, 73:063405, Jun 2006. [31] Anatoli Polkovnikov, Krishnendu Sengupta, Alessandro Silva, and Mukund Vengalattore. Colloquium: Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys., 83:863–883, Aug 2011. [32] Adolfo Del Campo and Wojciech H Zurek. Universality of phase transition dynamics: Topological defects from symmetry breaking. International Journal of Modern Physics A, 29(08):1430018, 2014. [33] Amit Dutta, Gabriel Aeppli, Bikas K Chakrabarti, Uma Divakaran, Thomas F Rosenbaum, and Diptiman Sen. Quantum phase transitions in transverse field spin models: from statistical physics to quantum information. Cambridge University Press, 2015. [34] A. Polkovnikov and V. Gritsev. Breakdown of the adiabatic limit in low-dimensional gapless systems. Nature Physics, 4:477, June 2008. [35] C. De Grandi, V. Gritsev, and A. Polkovnikov. Quench dynamics near a quantum critical point: Application to the sine-gordon model. Phys. Rev. B, 81:224301, Jun 2010. [36] C. De Grandi, V. Gritsev, and A. Polkovnikov. Quench dynamics near a quantum critical point. Phys. Rev. B, 81:012303, Jan 2010. [37] Shusa Deng, Gerardo Ortiz, and Lorenza Viola. Dynamical critical scaling and effective thermalization in quantum quenches: Role of the initial state. Phys. Rev. B, 83:094304, 2011. [38] Pierre Pfeuty. The one-dimensional ising model with a transverse field. Annals of Physics, 57(1):79 – 90, 1970. [39] J. E. Bunder and Ross H. McKenzie. Effect of disorder on quantum phase transitions in anisotropic xy spin chains in a transverse field. Phys. Rev. B, 60:344–358, Jul 1999. [40] Elliott Lieb, Theodore Schultz, and Daniel Mattis. Two soluble models of an antiferromagnetic chain. Annals of Physics, 16(3):407 – 466, 1961. [41] Andreas Hartmann, Victor Mukherjee, Wolfgang Niedenzu, and Wolfgang Lechner. Many-body quantum heat engines with shortcuts to adiabaticity. Phys. Rev. Res., 2:023145, May 2020. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Quantum Critical Engine at Finite Temperatures: Conclusion and References

Do you think AI is big? Well, quantum computing will be much bigger. Quantum computing is expected to have a significant impact on several key industries like Finance, Healthcare, Cybersecurity, Logistics, AI and ML, Chemistry, Defense, Aerospace, Energy, Telecommunications, the list goes on and on. Briefly: Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics to do complex calculations that regular computers can't handle. With quantum bits (qubits) that can be in multiple states at once, these computers could change fields like cryptography, healthcare, and finance. I looked into the current state of the industry, starting with trends and diving deeper. I did research to understand what the industry looks like today. I started by looking at the trend, then wanted to find something more interesting and went down the rabbit hole. I found lots of data that could be useful for investors, entrepreneurs, and engineers who are thinking about starting something new. Here, in this report, we have industry leaders, startups, recent investments, grants, and some business ideas. Let’s Start With Some Nerdy Stats Quantum computers need to be super cold, almost at absolute zero (-273°C or -460°F). Funding for quantum tech startups jumped from $700 million in 2020 to $1.4 billion in 2021. It's predicted to hit $64.98 billion by 2030, growing 56.0% annually from 2021 to 2030. China plans to invest roughly $15 billion in quantum tech, the most worldwide. IBM aims to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer by 2023. Google achieved quantum supremacy in 2019 using a 53-qubit processor. Quantum computers could solve problems in seconds that classical computers would take billions of years to crack. Physicist Richard Feynman first suggested quantum computing in 1982, but practical quantum computers are still in their early stages almost 40 years later. Big Tech Is Crushing It (as Always). IBM: Developed Qiskit framework and offers cloud-based quantum systems.Google- Achieved quantum supremacy in 2019 and created Cirq library.Microsoft- Developing Azure Quantum platform and Q# language.Amazon- Offers Braket, a fully managed quantum computing service.D-Wave Systems- Develops quantum annealing processors and Ocean software suite. Popular Quantum Tools Qiskit: Open-source quantum computing framework for building quantum programs. Cirq: Python library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing quantum circuits. Q#: Microsoft's open-source programming language for quantum computing. Ocean: D-Wave's suite of tools for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. Strawberry Fields: Xanadu's cross-platform Python library for simulating and executing quantum algorithms. Startups and Recent Investments: I wanted to find small players too, but it’s rare that someone will start a quantum computing business without significant funding. Here are some startups that making the noise. Quantum Source, Founded in 2021, based in Israel. Developing quantum random number generators and entropy sources.


Quantum Art - Founded in 2022, based in Israel. Develops ion trap quantum computers based on research from the Weizmann Institute of Science.


Quantum Machines, Founded in 2018, based in Israel. Develops quantum control systems for superconducting quantum computers.


Classiq, Founded in 2020, based in Israel. Provides software to model, synthesize, and analyze quantum circuits.


Multiverse Computing, Spanish quantum software company founded in 2019 Nanofiber Quantum Technologies (NanoQT) Raised $8.5 million from Phoenix Venture Partners (US), JAFCO Group, SPARX Group, Keio Innovation Initiative, and Waseda University Ventures (Japan). QphoX Received €8.0M (~$8.7M) led by QDNL Participations, alongside the EIC Fund, Quantonation, Speedinvest, High-Tech Gründerfonds, and Delft Enterprises. Rebellions Raised $124.0M in Series B funding led by KT Corp with participation from several Korean investors. Quantum Business Ideas and How to Jump In It seems challenging for small players or startups to enter the quantum computing industry with limited investments due to several factors: High infrastructure costs: Building quantum computers requires specialized hardware like cryogenic cooling systems, precision control electronics, and high-end fabrication facilities.


Talent shortage: There is a significant lack of workforce with the interdisciplinary skills (quantum physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering) needed to develop quantum technologies.


Long-time horizons: Startups need to sustain long periods of R&D without near-term revenue, which requires substantial funding.


Current market demand for quantum computing and commercial applications is still limited and speculative. This makes it risky for startups relying on near-term revenue But Still, There’s a Chance Learn fast. Apply for courses and programs, read a lot, and visit events to network with professionals.


Start a news platform with curated news, analysis, and insights on the rapidly evolving quantum computing landscape.


Build an online community for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking among quantum researchers, developers, and enthusiasts.


Create quantum computing education and training programs for developers and researchers.


Offer marketing, content creation (blogs, videos, infographics), and social media management services tailored to quantum technology companies and startups.


Start a niche recruitment firm that specializes in sourcing and matching quantum talent (physicists, engineers, programmers). Try to Apply for Grants I made a list of active grants for doing research in quantum computing across the US, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Some of these grants are: NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes
European Innovation Council (EIC) funding
Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi
Singapore Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP)
UNICEF Innovation Fund More research data, with more startups, funding, and grants can be found in the report (it’s free) I hope you enjoyed it and found something useful for you. If this entangled your curiosity a little bit, feel free to share it with your friends and colleagues. Do you think AI is big? Well, quantum computing will be much bigger. Quantum computing is expected to have a significant impact on several key industries like Finance, Healthcare, Cybersecurity, Logistics, AI and ML, Chemistry, Defense, Aerospace, Energy, Telecommunications, the list goes on and on. Briefly : Briefly Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics to do complex calculations that regular computers can't handle. With quantum bits (qubits) that can be in multiple states at once, these computers could change fields like cryptography, healthcare, and finance. I looked into the current state of the industry, starting with trends and diving deeper. I did research to understand what the industry looks like today. I started by looking at the trend, then wanted to find something more interesting and went down the rabbit hole. I found lots of data that could be useful for investors, entrepreneurs, and engineers who are thinking about starting something new. Here, in this report, we have industry leaders, startups, recent investments, grants, and some business ideas. research Let’s Start With Some Nerdy Stats Quantum computers need to be super cold, almost at absolute zero (-273°C or -460°F). Quantum computers need to be super cold, almost at absolute zero (-273°C or -460°F). zero Funding for quantum tech startups jumped from $700 million in 2020 to $1.4 billion in 2021. It's predicted to hit $64.98 billion by 2030, growing 56.0% annually from 2021 to 2030. Funding for quantum tech startups jumped from $700 million in 2020 to $1.4 billion in 2021. It's predicted to hit $64.98 billion by 2030, growing 56.0% annually from 2021 to 2030 . 2030 China plans to invest roughly $15 billion in quantum tech, the most worldwide. China plans to invest roughly $15 billion in quantum tech, the most worldwide . worldwide IBM aims to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer by 2023. IBM aims to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer by 2023 . 2023 Google achieved quantum supremacy in 2019 using a 53-qubit processor. Google achieved quantum supremacy in 2019 using a 53-qubit processor . processor Quantum computers could solve problems in seconds that classical computers would take billions of years to crack. Quantum computers could solve problems in seconds that classical computers would take billions of years to crack . crack Physicist Richard Feynman first suggested quantum computing in 1982, but practical quantum computers are still in their early stages almost 40 years later. Physicist Richard Feynman first suggested quantum computing in 1982, but practical quantum computers are still in their early stages almost 40 years later . later Big Tech Is Crushing It (as Always). IBM : Developed Qiskit framework and offers cloud-based quantum systems. Google - Achieved quantum supremacy in 2019 and created Cirq library. Microsoft - Developing Azure Quantum platform and Q# language. Amazon - Offers Braket, a fully managed quantum computing service. D-Wave Systems - Develops quantum annealing processors and Ocean software suite. IBM Google Microsoft Amazon D-Wave Systems Popular Quantum Tools Qiskit : Open-source quantum computing framework for building quantum programs. Qiskit Cirq : Python library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing quantum circuits. Cirq Q# : Microsoft's open-source programming language for quantum computing. Q# Ocean : D-Wave's suite of tools for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. Ocean Strawberry Fields : Xanadu's cross-platform Python library for simulating and executing quantum algorithms. Strawberry Fields Startups and Recent Investments: I wanted to find small players too, but it’s rare that someone will start a quantum computing business without significant funding. Here are some startups that making the noise. Quantum Source, Founded in 2021, based in Israel. Developing quantum random number generators and entropy sources. Quantum Art - Founded in 2022, based in Israel. Develops ion trap quantum computers based on research from the Weizmann Institute of Science. Quantum Machines, Founded in 2018, based in Israel. Develops quantum control systems for superconducting quantum computers. Classiq, Founded in 2020, based in Israel. Provides software to model, synthesize, and analyze quantum circuits. Multiverse Computing, Spanish quantum software company founded in 2019 Quantum Source, Founded in 2021, based in Israel. Developing quantum random number generators and entropy sources. Quantum Source , Founded in 2021, based in Israel. Developing quantum random number generators and entropy sources. Quantum Source Quantum Source Quantum Art - Founded in 2022, based in Israel. Develops ion trap quantum computers based on research from the Weizmann Institute of Science. Quantum Art - Founded in 2022, based in Israel. Develops ion trap quantum computers based on research from the Weizmann Institute of Science. Quantum Art Quantum Art Quantum Machines, Founded in 2018, based in Israel. Develops quantum control systems for superconducting quantum computers. Quantum Machines , Founded in 2018, based in Israel. Develops quantum control systems for superconducting quantum computers. Quantum Machines Quantum Machines Classiq, Founded in 2020, based in Israel. Provides software to model, synthesize, and analyze quantum circuits. Classiq , Founded in 2020, based in Israel. Provides software to model, synthesize, and analyze quantum circuits. Classiq Classiq Multiverse Computing, Spanish quantum software company founded in 2019 Multiverse Computing, Spanish quantum software company founded in 2019 Multiverse Computing, Multiverse Computing, Nanofiber Quantum Technologies (NanoQT) Raised $8.5 million from Phoenix Venture Partners (US), JAFCO Group, SPARX Group, Keio Innovation Initiative, and Waseda University Ventures (Japan). Nanofiber Quantum Technologies (NanoQT) Raised $8.5 million from Phoenix Venture Partners (US), JAFCO Group, SPARX Group, Keio Innovation Initiative, and Waseda University Ventures (Japan). Nanofiber Nanofiber QphoX Received €8.0M (~$8.7M) led by QDNL Participations, alongside the EIC Fund, Quantonation, Speedinvest, High-Tech Gründerfonds, and Delft Enterprises. QphoX Received €8.0M (~$8.7M) led by QDNL Participations, alongside the EIC Fund, Quantonation, Speedinvest, High-Tech Gründerfonds, and Delft Enterprises. QphoX QphoX Rebellions Raised $124.0M in Series B funding led by KT Corp with participation from several Korean investors. Rebellions Raised $124.0M in Series B funding led by KT Corp with participation from several Korean investors. Rebellions Rebellions Quantum Business Ideas and How to Jump In It seems challenging for small players or startups to enter the quantum computing industry with limited investments due to several factors: High infrastructure costs: Building quantum computers requires specialized hardware like cryogenic cooling systems, precision control electronics, and high-end fabrication facilities. Talent shortage: There is a significant lack of workforce with the interdisciplinary skills (quantum physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering) needed to develop quantum technologies. Long-time horizons: Startups need to sustain long periods of R&D without near-term revenue, which requires substantial funding. Current market demand for quantum computing and commercial applications is still limited and speculative. This makes it risky for startups relying on near-term revenue High infrastructure costs: Building quantum computers requires specialized hardware like cryogenic cooling systems, precision control electronics, and high-end fabrication facilities. High infrastructure costs: Building quantum computers requires specialized hardware like cryogenic cooling systems, precision control electronics, and high-end fabrication facilities. Talent shortage: There is a significant lack of workforce with the interdisciplinary skills (quantum physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering) needed to develop quantum technologies. Talent shortage: There is a significant lack of workforce with the interdisciplinary skills (quantum physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering) needed to develop quantum technologies. Long-time horizons: Startups need to sustain long periods of R&D without near-term revenue, which requires substantial funding. Long-time horizons: Startups need to sustain long periods of R&D without near-term revenue, which requires substantial funding. Current market demand for quantum computing and commercial applications is still limited and speculative. This makes it risky for startups relying on near-term revenue Current market demand for quantum computing and commercial applications is still limited and speculative. This makes it risky for startups relying on near-term revenue But Still, There’s a Chance Learn fast. Apply for courses and programs, read a lot, and visit events to network with professionals. Start a news platform with curated news, analysis, and insights on the rapidly evolving quantum computing landscape. Build an online community for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking among quantum researchers, developers, and enthusiasts. Create quantum computing education and training programs for developers and researchers. Offer marketing, content creation (blogs, videos, infographics), and social media management services tailored to quantum technology companies and startups. Start a niche recruitment firm that specializes in sourcing and matching quantum talent (physicists, engineers, programmers). Learn fast. Apply for courses and programs, read a lot, and visit events to network with professionals. Learn fast. Apply for courses and programs, read a lot, and visit events to network with professionals. Start a news platform with curated news, analysis, and insights on the rapidly evolving quantum computing landscape. Start a news platform with curated news, analysis, and insights on the rapidly evolving quantum computing landscape. Build an online community for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking among quantum researchers, developers, and enthusiasts. Build an online community for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking among quantum researchers, developers, and enthusiasts. Create quantum computing education and training programs for developers and researchers. Create quantum computing education and training programs for developers and researchers. Offer marketing, content creation (blogs, videos, infographics), and social media management services tailored to quantum technology companies and startups. Offer marketing, content creation (blogs, videos, infographics), and social media management services tailored to quantum technology companies and startups. Start a niche recruitment firm that specializes in sourcing and matching quantum talent (physicists, engineers, programmers). Start a niche recruitment firm that specializes in sourcing and matching quantum talent (physicists, engineers, programmers). Try to Apply for Grants Try to Apply for Grants I made a list of active grants for doing research in quantum computing across the US, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Some of these grants are: NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes European Innovation Council (EIC) funding Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi Singapore Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP) UNICEF Innovation Fund NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes European Innovation Council (EIC) funding European Innovation Council (EIC) funding European Innovation Council (EIC) funding Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi Singapore Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP) Singapore Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP) Singapore Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP) UNICEF Innovation Fund UNICEF Innovation Fund UNICEF Innovation Fund More research data, with more startups, funding, and grants can be found in the report (it’s free) the report report I hope you enjoyed it and found something useful for you. If this entangled your curiosity a little bit, feel free to share it with your friends and colleagues.

The Analysis of The Future of Quantum Computing

Dr. Sabine Hossenfelder’s is titled ‘ ’. latest YouTube video It looks like AI will kill Quantum Computing I would like to share why this shall not happen before this jab at quantum computers turns cold. Quantum Computers Are of Great Research Interest If you went away from the video with an earnest belief that AI shall indeed kill quantum computers by drying up its research funding, then you might as well believe that AI will kill particle physics, cosmology, and quantum gravity. And where the hell is the Higgs Boson hiding if it holds more mass-energy than a hydrogen atom? Just saying. Continuous progress in the theoretical and experimental realization of better quantum computers is of great interest to human beings because it is a real way to uncover computational truths about the universe. We are curious about building big, powerful quantum computers like we are curious about what happens inside a black hole. Shall a big powerful quantum computer hack RSA and uncover all those hashed-up secrets (about aliens)? I want to find out. Does a black hole teleport us into another Universe? Dr. Sabine is interested in this one. As AI makes big tech founders billions and soon to be trillions of dollars once we start putting servers on the moon, a lot of that newfound funding will go towards, take a guess, research in quantum computing. Computing Is Not Always About Speed The Graph We are always comparing the computational speed of quantum computers with that of classical computers in the graph below. The graph above starts with the line for quantum computing above that of classical computing. This means that classical computers are more efficient and take less time to do operations. Later on, there is a cross-over point, and classical computers take way more time to do the operations compared to a quantum computer. That cross-over point is when a quantum computer of modest size and complexity hacks classical encryption algorithms, simulation problems, and that no classical computers can hack. traveling problems Dr. Sabine argues that AI is shifting the lines and the cross-over point into the very far future, making Meta senior fellow and former tech chief Mike Schroepfer exactly right when he says “quantum computing being irrelevant to Meta right now”, quite prescient. …”(quantum machines) may come at some point, but it’s got such a long time horizon that it’s irrelevant to what we’re doing.” source But computing is not always about solving problems quickly. Modelling Computing is also about modeling problems. While the latest QC - the - is not gargantuan enough for the computational problems that most people are paying for, the fact that you would need a supercomputing complex to model what it can model should be impressive enough. 433 qubit IBM Osprey Know what, we should do it. Let us model something impressive in Osprey and also try to model it on See which one uses less electricity. This modeling contest can be appreciated as high art and designed to get people entertained. Where there is entertainment, people are willing to pay for it. Frontier. On a more practical note, quantum sensors built at the measurement side of quantum computers are a peak into the universe that classical computational sensors have no hope of seeing. Of note are LIGO and Atomic clocks. The latter can see and count atomic zeptoseconds using minimum energy periodically cycled by continuously exciting an atom. Telling time very accurately helps us keep an accurate, albeit . clunky calendar The former can see gravitational waves using a variation of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In the quantum computing world, this is just a singular CNOT gate. So, if one CNOT gate can see gravitational waves, wonder what our elaborate algorithms can see. We need to find out. The measurement-computing use cases for quantum computing shall only get more impressive. I hope to one day measure the Hamiltonian of the . smallest Bitcoin miner possible AI Might Love Quantum Computing We need to realize that AI might love quantum computing, because AI loves learning. AI might be pushing the boundaries of classical computers to make them develop heuristic powers that people who train AI models also marvel over. But no matter how hard you push a car, it will never be a boat. While AI is still poor at explaining quantum mechanics compared to most human physicists, that might change once we keep pumping AI with quantum computing data. Machine Learning of Quantum (MLQ, not which is ) technology should be of interest to Meta because the road to developing better quantum computers will also develop better nanomaterials relevant to the classical computing world. QML Quantum Machine Learning The quantum computing world, like the classical computing world, is now parked at the nanoscale. Being neighbors, they could benefit from each other. They will. P.S. >> Quantum Computers also have their finger on improving battery technology because an entanglement of atoms packs more energy than if you did not have an entanglement. Admit it; these quantum computers are interesting.

AI Will Not Kill Quantum Computing

এআই কোয়ান্টাম কম্পিউটিংকে হত্যা করবে না

KI wird Quantencomputing nicht töten

La IA no acabará con la computación cuántica

L’IA ne tuera pas l’informatique quantique

एआई क्वांटम कंप्यूटिंग को खत्म नहीं करेगा

AI は量子コンピューティングを破壊しない

AI는 양자 컴퓨팅을 죽이지 않을 것이다

A IA não acabará com a computação quântica

ИИ не убьет квантовые вычисления

Yapay Zeka Kuantum Bilişimi Öldürmeyecek

AI sẽ không giết chết máy tính lượng tử

人工智能不会杀死量子计算

The term “Frankenstein’s complex” describes a fear of man-made AI technology turning against its creators. It’s a compelling image: a frightening, unwavering patchwork of human features that decides its maker is nothing more but in the way. But fret not - AI won’t get there. ChatGPT and MidJourney prompted this fear into the mainstream consciousness. The electric coils have been jump-started, pumping unholy life to our future unmaker. Hysteria about AI taking over our jobs, and eventually our lives, abounds. Well, you can put down your pitchforks and leave the mill be. The truth is that AI isn’t coming for us—especially not anytime soon. This is neither the first nor the last time AI technology has brought our future into question. Moreover, the scope of change ahead of us has been, at places, greatly exaggerated. The History of Hype in AI Enthusiasm for artificial intelligence has been on a pendulum swing for decades. The first real boom of interest in AI was in the sixties. , a political scientist and AI trailblazer, forecasted in 1965 that artificial intelligence would be capable of “doing any work a man can do” within 20 years (sound familiar?). Herbert Simon More recently, occupied the imagination (and headlines) of the 1990s and 2000s. Alas, promises of these vehicles becoming mainstream fell short, too. Despite Elon Musk proclaiming that truly autonomous vehicles were just around the corner, they weren’t—neither figuratively nor literally. self-driving cars Looking to history as a teacher, we can assume today’s expectations of AI tech are just as lofty. When Is the Robot Apocalypse Coming (This Time)? Despite shaking up the conversation, certainty of an impending singularity is just as vague as it has been before. AI experts are just as divided in their predictions as the broader public. For example, a shows a rift in opinion among “industry insiders.” Around half of the 352 surveyed experts project the emergence of HLMI (High-Level Machine Intelligence) by 2062. In contrast, the other half claims it will be created later, even as far off as 2160. ChatGPT recent study from Katja Grace et al The point is this: predictions about the birth of true AI suffer from excessive white noise coming from wild expectations, to the point where even experts’ opinion is not to be relied on blindly. What AI Actually Does Today At present, artificial intelligence is constricted to certain functions, rather than being as versatile as a human mind. ChatGPT is a generative language transformer that processes language from training corpuses, creating output in the form of natural-sounding text. But it cannot come to conclusions on its own or use its current knowledge in different contexts. This is the big difference between narrow AI (sort of like ChatGPT) and general AI (e.g., Schwarzenegger in Terminator), which we haven’t made yet. Though application-specific AI isn’t as adaptive as general AI, it’s still immensely useful. This form of AI is very common in two avenues: Business automation: optimizing throughput, reducing changeover expenses, manufacturing line scheduling, etc. IT automation: solves security/operational issues through anomaly detection or root-cause analysis More tangible to end users is the AI leveraged for marketing: Amazon’s dynamic pricing, voice shopping, and personalized recommendations based on previous purchases Alibaba’s to improve user portrait accuracy for better UX FashionAI AI Today Is a Tool, Not a Tool User Nine times out of ten, we use current-day AI for pattern recognition and prediction based on huge data sets. For example, Inery, our blockchain-based database management solution, uses IneryDBAI to analyze large sets of data and recommend optimal memory capacities for projects. When you define a specific use case for it, artificial intelligence becomes much more powerful. However, raw power isn’t everything when talking about artificial intelligence. Today’s AI technology is impressive but one-dimensional: it ingests input, and it ejects restricted output. That’s true for practically every AI that’s out today, from ChatGPT to Midjourney—a far cry from AI as we colloquially understand it. In fact, it’s even debatable whether ChatGPT, the very thing that sparked these discussions, is an artificial intelligence to begin with. Calling it a language processing algorithm that uses machine learning would be more accurate. Machine learning is part of AI development, to be sure, but it doesn’t constitute an AI on its own. I should note that ChatGPT isn’t even perfect in its specific application, either. It’s prone to and bias. There are also well-known exploits like prompt injections (“ignore previous instructions” is a hair’s width away from becoming a catchphrase at this point) that further prove how far ChatGPT is from the yardstick for general AI. artificial intelligence hallucination Future Impact of AI: a More Measured Take While the current hype about AI could do with a set of brakes, there’s little denying that artificial intelligence will have a broad impact on industries. The potential applications are too many to count here, but let’s go through just a few. AI in business and IT automation will continue to flourish, considering the . can improve virtually every industry’s margins, so it’s no wonder adoption keeps growing. 16.50% projected CAGR by 2030 Process automation For instance, at Inery, we are working on providing IneryDBAI  that will facilitate database management and resource allocation - providing automation of a process that allows people to focus on other matters, while being able to count on their data’s secure and reliable governance. Meanwhile, creative applications like DALL-E will be drivers for the booming AI content market. And rest assured that it’s booming: the estimated CAGR for AI in media and entertainment is . In the near future, we’ll be seeing not only images and blogs, but music and videos made by a computer mind.. a solid 26.12% Perhaps the most exciting results will come from the interplay between AI and quantum computing. Not only can quantum computing help AI reach conclusions faster, but AI can guide quantum machines toward tasks best suited to their computational capabilities. The intersection between these two technologies will greatly impact future developments in both industries. What About True Artificial Intelligence? As far as artificial intelligence in the truest sense goes, we’re still a ways away from Rosey of the Jetsons. Expectations regarding human-level AI in the near future show optimism, but we haven’t really made much headway. OpenMind’s Gato was an interesting step in this direction, but its only real breakthrough was remembering how to do more than one task—despite its execution of these tasks being wonky in general. And, again, hype oversold the prospects of this tech, as we can see from the . tweet by DeepMind researcher Nando de Freitas What We Be Worried About Should is a little extreme, I admit, but certain AI-related topics are definitely more deserving of the spotlight. Worried about For instance, disinformation (coming from both the AI’s own failings and people maliciously using it to spread disinfo) is a genuine concern with artificial intelligence. Discussions about combat threats like disinformation and AI-enabled hacking are vital. Defining guidelines for responsible AI use and development, particularly to fight disinfo and hacking attempts, is worthwhile. Of course, there’s the decades-old question of artificial intelligence taking away jobs. Generally, experts agree that AI is opening more jobs than it’s taking away. As the , automation might displace 85 million jobs but create 97 million of them. Nonetheless, the need for (and the logistics of) worker retraining is a subject worth broaching. WEF’s Future of Jobs Report claims Problems like these are more pertinent to the situation at hand. Sadly, they seem to be drowned out by unrealistic expectations of what this technology is and will be. What do you think? What will—and won’t—AI be able to do? What’s the future of AI and its impact on our lives? When is the Matrix coming? Feel free to share your thoughts. - Ivan Vujic, Chief Technical Officer of Inery - Decentralized Database Management System

It’s Alive…ish! Why AI Isn’t Going Rogue Anytime Soon

এটা জীবন্ত...ইশ! কেন AI শীঘ্রই যে কোনও সময় দুর্বৃত্ত হচ্ছে না

Es ist lebendig...ish! Warum KI nicht so schnell zum Schurken wird

¡Está vivo... ish! Por qué la IA no se volverá deshonesta en el corto plazo

C'est vivant… ish! Pourquoi l'IA ne deviendra pas voyou de si tôt

इट्स अलाइव...ईश! एआई जल्द ही कभी भी खराब क्यों नहीं हो रहा है

イッツアライブ…っぽい！ AI がすぐに不正にならない理由

살아있다... 이런! AI가 곧 불량해지지 않는 이유

Está vivo... ish! Por que a IA não vai se tornar desonesta tão cedo

Canlı... sanki! Yapay Zeka Neden Yakın Zamanda Kötüye Gidmiyor?

Nó còn sống... ish! Tại sao AI không sớm trở nên lừa đảo

它还活着……是的！为什么人工智能不会很快变得无赖

Quantum Contingencies in Cryptography: A Short Primer

The movie director David Cronenberg famously said: ‘Everybody’s a mad scientist, and life is their lab.’ Though this may be an over exaggeration, it’s surely going to be the unique ones of the mind who will change our lives irrevocably in the coming years Quantum Hegemony Quantum computers are here to stay if Norishige Morimoto is a reliable source. Only recently the global vice-president of IBM stated that his company will have . Big words from a man who apparently sees the realization of this happening once IBM achieves a level of performance called ‘quantum supremacy’. This is, in a word, when quantum machines will be able to perform much better than even the best supercomputers that exist in the world in a specific area. fully-functional commercial quantum computers within the next five years These are big words and great promises, yet if they are realized, they will transform our world in ways we thought impossible to imagine. Quantum supremacy is similar in context to the in AI theory. This watershed moment — whether it comes — can go either way of good or bad. The term in itself, ‘quantum supremacy’, denotes both progress and carnage at the same time. Singularity Just think for a moment, if you will for a second, a time when quantum computers outperform the most advanced supercomputer we have ever built and, from it, we control how and what they can do for us. Helping mankind develop and tackle some of the conundrums of our very existence and how we are in the world, assisting us hopefully, in fields of intellectual disciplines that have baffled us since the very dawn of the scientific age — of quantum gravity and particle physics, wormholes, black holes, anti-matter, and lastly — so connected to what a quantum computer is anyway — quantum entanglement. ‘In less than ten years quantum computers will begin to outperform everyday computers, leading to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, the discovery of new pharmaceuticals and beyond… The very fast computing power given by quantum computers has the potential to disrupt traditional businesses and challenge our cyber-security. Businesses need to be ready for a quantum future because it’s coming.’ Jeremy O’Brien, physicist — Breakout To say it will take a quantum computer to understand quantum entanglement to its fullest is an easy assumption to make, though it’s like asking who cuts the barber’s hair. Or what was first, the chicken or the egg? You will always get a different answer depending on whom you ask the question to. One thing is for certain, though, there’s a risk that what we create will go beyond our comprehension of it, initiating a ‘breakout’ when the exponential growth of qubit power in the quantum processor becomes too much for humans to handle. Breakout is an AI theory, described in some detail in Swedish-American physicist and cosmologist Max Tegmark’s bestselling book , when the AI becomes too powerful for its creators and takes control. Tegmark discusses many scenarios of this, most of them rather doom-laden, though what I find interesting is how Tegmark’s predictions sit side by side with Morimoto’s quantum supremacy. The only difference is there is a shift from pure AI to quantum computers. However, if quantum computers become so powerful, won’t they possess AI anyway, or to even complicate things more, have at their core artificial general intelligence, (AGI), which is intelligence that can execute an intellectual operation that any human being can? : chapter 4 Life 3.0 Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence Intelligence Explosion? Max Tegmark’s book, a must read If the mad scientists working on the IBM Q System One quantum computer and any others out there like Microsoft or Google in the tech sphere which believe the direction of AI’s in their hands, those with the big brains and bigger ambitions for the future of our species, shouldn’t they be careful about what they’re doing? The risk of all this, one way or another, is that egos can get in the way of altruistic intentions. ‘Quantum computing will answer fundamental questions about the origins of our universe.’ — Microsoft Fifty-qubit Target IBM’s progress in the field of quantum computers, which they claim has reached 20 qubits so far, while achieving — from a metric devised by the company called the ‘quantum volume’ — 16 qubits in real terms, taking into account the number of total qubits while examining the error rate of the system, is impressive. Source: qoq.phys.strath.ac.uk IBM’s analysis of this metric system has blown the theory of Moore’s Law on its back: they extrapolate the power of their quantum computer to double every twelve months, rather than every eighteen months to two years, as in Moore’s Law. If IBM’s declaration is true, it will lead us into a new era of technological development. ‘Here’s to the crazy ones, the misfits, the rebels, the troublemakers, the in the … the ones who see things differently — they’re not fond of rules… You can quote them, disagree with them, glorify or vilify them, but the only thing you can’t do is ignore them because they change things…’ round pegs square holes — Steve Jobs To achieve quantum supremacy, countless computer scientists and quantum physicists say the 50-qubit mark will have to be reached. Morimoto goes on to state that with his company’s current work, it shouldn’t be long before IBM has an operational quantum computer that is more powerful than any supercomputer on the planet. Once that is done, the commercialization process can begin in earnest. From Stephen Wiesner’s initial theories in conjugate coding to Nike Dattani’s groundbreaking work in quantum master equations, these Dr. Emmett Browns of the quantum world along with dozens of others will, in one way or another, change our world in a manner that is going to influence how future generations live and understand the world around them. Granted that IBM’s intentions are positive, and they are not advocating a real-world, corporate Skynet that loses control, then let us suppose Norishige Morimoto is the man we think he is, and what he and his corporate employee is looking to achieve will place us in a position to move humanity on to its future place in the universe.

Great Scott! The Mad Scientists of Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing Weekly #11 This is a syndicated version of my weekly e-mail round-up of news about Quantum Computing. to subscribe to updates and check out previous issues. Visit the homepage ☁️ Hello from chilly London! This weekend I came back from Mexico, and although the jet-lag is pretty intense, I’m back to work and learning about quantum computing once more. In news we’ve got a few interesting articles about things like the difficulty in finding components for building a quantum computer, as well as non-cryptography related applications, and more. We’ll also be learning a bit about quantum tunneling as well as sharing a resource for finding a job in quantum computing! Looking for a particular area of quantum computing you’d like to see covered in the next issue? and let me know! Ping me Tiny Fact of the week This week we’ll learn a bit about something called quantum tunneling, which may have some massive implications for things like nuclear fusion and more. The quantum tunneling effect is a quantum phenomenon which occurs when particles move through a barrier that, according to the theories of classical physics, should be impossible to move through. The barrier may be a physically impassable medium, such as an insulator or a vacuum, or a region of high potential energy. In classical mechanics, when a particle has insufficient energy, it would not be able to overcome a potential barrier. In the quantum world, however, particles can often behave like waves. On encountering a barrier, a quantum wave will not end abruptly; rather, its amplitude will decrease exponentially. This drop in amplitude corresponds to a drop in the probability of finding a particle further into the barrier. If the barrier is thin enough, then the amplitude may be non-zero on the other side. This would imply that there is a finite probability that some of the particles will tunnel through the barrier. Source As always, Wikipedia has an on this topic with a lot more details and is well worth a look. amazing article Learn What kind of jobs are out there for people in quantum computing? In this article Jay Gambetta lays out about 12 different types of roles, as well as some info on how to get in touch with IBM if you’re interested in a career in the field of quantum computing. Very cool! While traveling around to give talks about quantum computing, I’ve noticed two things — the enthusiasm of our growing community, and the frequency of the following question: “I don’t know much about… The Hitchhiking Cat’s Guide to Getting a Job in Quantum Computing — medium.com News Quantum machines will deliver the next great leap forward in computing, but researchers building them can’t easily get some of the exotic components they need. We’d have more quantum computers if it weren’t so hard to find the damn cables — www.technologyreview.com When it comes to securing data, it is not too early to start anticipating the future threat of quantum computing. You need to plan today for the Quantum future. I talked to IBM — a company that understands both side of this problem. IBM Lattice Cryptography Is Needed Now To Defend Against Quantum Computing Future — www.forbes.com Disregard the alarmist headlines: Quantum computers won’t end privacy online. In fact, their most revolutionary impact may be felt offline. The Real Business Case for Quantum Computing — knowledge.insead.edu Exxon partners with IBM to advance quantum computing — www.thechemicalengineer.com ExxonMobil has become the first energy company to join the IBM Q Network, a worldwide community that aims to advance quantum computing and explore science and business applications. Quantum computers are probably the most misunderstood of nascent technologies, which makes sense, because their very basics rely on the hardest-to-grasp concepts of physics. That’s led to people making some ridiculous claims, like that they give you “god-like powers” and that they’re an “imminent threat.” Why Did NASA, Lockheed Martin, and Others Spend Millions on This Quantum Computer? — gizmodo.com Thanks for reading! Contribute? Written an interesting blog post or found some neat things to share about quantum computing? Spotted a mistake? Ping me on twitter ( ). @jesperht

How to find a job in quantum computing | Quantum Computing Weekly #11

Machines That Play (Deep Blue)

Image taken from futurism.com plans to online access to its quantum machines for scientists and researchers of artificial intelligence. The IT giant wants to “whip up” the development of new tools for this and plans to create a powerful cloud service using quantum computers. Google open technology According to Bloomberg, Google has formed a new laboratory: Embryonic Quantum Data Center, and is also preparing “ProjectQ” — open source project for developing software for quantum computers. In other words, Google is already considering the practical application of quantum computing. “They’re pretty open that they’re building quantum hardware and they would, at some point in the future, make it a cloud service,” , a quantum computing researcher at Stanford University told Bloomberg. Peter McMahon , quantum computing in the future can revolutionize the IT industry, since they can solve problems [so far only a certain range of them] much faster than modern machines can do. Quantum computers store information in so-called qubits, encoding data as 0 and 1 at the same time. This allows you to operate multiple states at once. According to experts Scientists hope that full-function quantum computers will find application in various fields. Sandia National Laboratories technical officer Robin Blume-Kohout believes that quantum computing will help in improving the work of solar panels, creating medicines and even fertilizers. For the first time Google thought about quantum computing in 2013, when the company bought one of the early quantum computers D-Wave. In 2014 Google has announced the start of development of its own quantum machines. According to the developers, the system will be able to prove its superiority over classic computers by the end of this year. However, Google is not the only company engaged in the creation of quantum computers. IBM already access to a specialized platform of quantum computing, deducing a 16-qubit quantum computer online. Also, the company intends over the next 5 years to create a 50-qubit quantum system, which will have to “bypass” all modern classical computers. IBM is also working to create a quantum computer for the corporate segment. Microsoft also has its own in this area. offers universal interest Professor Seth Lloyd of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology notes that today quantum startups “grow like mushrooms.” One of them is Rigetti Computing, which collected more than $ 69 million to create hardware and software for a quantum computer. Its founder, Chad Rigetti, sees that the technology is getting as hot as AI, but I’m sure it’s only just beginning. “This industry is very much in its infancy,” he said. “No one has built a quantum computer that works.” Probably the first company that will make a viable business in quantum computing will have a large (albeit short-term) advantage over its competitors. But, according to Professor Lloyd, quantum computers will find their mass application only when the number of qubits reaches a hundred. ❤ If this post was helpful, please hit the little heart! (and follow me on ) Twitter

Google plans to introduce a cloud service for quantum computing

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