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Continuous Performance Testing Is Recognized Worldwide as Reasonable and Essential to DevOps and Your CI/CD Process. With this approach, you will forget the days of the waterfall approach when you had to wait for performance till the conclusion of your release cycle. As more alterations are made, isolating the primary problem becomes more challenging, and every fix may result in further QA cycles. If performance is poor at that moment, it will probably change the entire release schedule. Teams must learn how to speed up software releases while continually ensuring they don't introduce performance concerns into the production cycle to overcome the challenges. What Should You Know About Continuous Testing? is one of the most crucial DevOps strategies. Functional testing should start with unit and integration tests as soon as possible. But performing non-functional testing is also crucial. “Test early, test frequently” Therefore, you need to conduct performance tests. You no longer have the luxury of delaying performance testing until all features are built as markets get more saturated every day. More teams realize the value of continuous testing, which has increased the popularity of continuous performance testing. Continuous testing on every code push eliminates the need for manual performance tests, which are time-consuming and expensive. This post will define continuous performance testing, the benefits of continuous testing, and outline the tools you’ll need to implement it on your team. What Is Continuous Performance Testing? Continuous performance testing refers to continually monitoring an application’s performance while the load on that application is increased. Manually monitoring and performance testing in a testing environment is an option for teams. Still, this strategy is only feasible for modest-sized systems and on a smaller scale. Performance testing is commonly utilized on large releases. Still, only a small percentage of teams incorporate it into their CI/CD pipeline as part of their DevOps process. However, continuous performance testing during the project’s development phase is strongly advised. Doing so requires a new set of tools to execute and scale automatically. When most developers hear the phrase “performance testing,” they envision the following processes taken in the later phases of application development: You start by listing all the crucial components that you wish to test. After that, you write test scripts for performance testing in weeks. You conduct the tests and then examine several pages of performance test results. Performance testing’s presumption above was true in the past when companies used the waterfall development method for most applications. However, times have certainly changed. Nowadays, most people no longer use the waterfall method. Instead, as agile software development has increased, the requirement for testing has changed. In addition, as more teams adopt DevOps techniques to create and distribute their apps, testing is now an integral element of the development process. Early feedback from automated functional tests is crucial for improving code quality. Teams often employ automated testing to ensure that the application meets the functional requirements. However, looking at the non-functional criteria or system indicators like security, scalability, and performance is also crucial. Every firm depends on its loyal clients. They may help a business expand its clientele, boost sales, and generate more revenue. Therefore, the process of developing software must include continuous performance testing. What Distinguishes It From Regular Performance Testing? Regular performance testing could occur as part of a release or at milestones rather than as a part of CI. However, it is possible to frequently incorporate continuous performance testing into each iteration. Regular load testing focuses on how well a software version performs under pressure. Every new application version is tested continuously for the load to verify that it will function adequately during peak hours. The entire build fails if a new application doesn’t satisfy the required performance criteria. After that, you need to check and resolve any performance problems in the most recent code. Continuous performance testing can validate code in pipelines for continuous deployment to ensure there are no application performance regressions. Once more, the goal is to be able to spot problems early and fix them without delay before they affect users or clients. Continuous load testing is a wonderful concept for certain businesses. However, due to a lack of performance settings for different API versions and a lack of knowledge about traffic variations, it might be difficult to implement. Benefits of Continuous Performance Testing There are several advantages to continuous testing. A summary of some continuous performance testing advantages is provided below. 1. Risk-Based Feedback In addition, tangible feedback assists managers and developers in finding and fixing notable flaws. Continuous testing ensures software features are ready for use before they are released. Risk-based insights from automated solutions may cast a significantly broader support system for business risk coverage than traditional (and time-consuming) human testing. Developers may make better design decisions right away with immediate feedback, which also provides managers with all the information they want to evaluate a release quickly. 2. Smarter Release Decisions Agile, DevOps, and Continuous Delivery have reduced the time needed to plan, develop, and deploy software changes. Therefore, releases can occur daily or as rarely as once every two weeks. It is becoming increasingly essential to employ automated testing to keep up with rapid release cycles to remain competitive and offer things customers want. However, a poorly considered release can cause more harm than gain if you don’t completely understand business risk. In addition, more and more companies are using automated solutions to balance the code’s complexity and the necessity for faster application delivery. Using a continuous testing tool and risk-based feedback, developers may select when and how to deploy new modifications . 3. More Efficient Testing In addition, this enables them to decide if their delivery pipeline needs to move left or right. Continuous testing helps managers and developers do the right tests at the right times . Automated testing minimizes false positives and timeouts, which are common in conventional testing settings. In addition, when testing is conducted throughout the software development process, developers can be sure they are creating a framework that is both safe and highly versatile. Redundancy is eliminated, and significant time is saved. Therefore, continuous testing ensures that software companies have the optimal architecture for the future expansion of their products, especially when users want new features. 4. More Stable User Experience Therefore, software developers must balance giving users the additional features they want and maintaining the smooth user experience they’ve enjoyed over time. Continuous testing prevents software bugs from reaching consumers and disrupting their experience. As software plays a major role in linking businesses with customers, one bad user experience might result in a financial disaster. Thanks to intensive testing, every element of the user experience is kept in mind. This helps maintain a company’s image and brand after its software is prepared for showtime. 5. Integrated Teams The days of transferring development code to segregated QA testers are long gone. Continuous testing enables teams to collaborate effectively and efficiently across the development lifecycle. Teams are more connected and more aware of each pipeline stage since quality is evaluated throughout the whole software development cycle, not just at the end. Software organizations today rely on continuous testing to guarantee that high-quality code is created from the moment development teams begin to code. Continuous Testing Tools Continuous testing is one of the latest software delivery concepts brought in by the third wave of test automation. However, learning continuous testing is challenging, and selecting the best technology may be daunting. Choosing the correct tool is crucial to your software testing and delivery success. The top eight continuous testing tools on the market right now are listed below. The automation tools like integrate with these CI/CD tools. Selenium, Playwright, Cypress, Katalon, JMeter, and K6 We have evaluated each tool’s benefits and potential downsides according to criteria, such as the types of supported tests, learning curves, the programming language used, support for continuous testing, support for the CI/CD ecosystem, breakthrough features, and so on. Jenkins The central build and continuous integration occur on , an It is a standalone Java software providing packages for Windows, macOS, and other operating systems that resemble Unix. Jenkins open-source automation server . Jenkins facilitates software development projects’ construction, delivery, and automation and has hundreds of plugins. Coming towards key features provided by Jenkins, it has simple OS installation and upgrading criteria with a seamless user-friendly interface. Also, It has a large community-contributed plugin resource which makes it more extensible. As mentioned, it has a simple environment set up through the user interface. It supports master-slave architecture and distributed builds working with pre-build stages that use shells and Windows command execution. It creates schedules using expressions and offers support for notifications about the development status. CircleCI A CI/CD technology called promotes quick software development and publication. In addition, the user’s workflow may be automated using CircleCI, from code development through testing and deployment. CircleCI You may integrate CircleCI with GitHub, GitHub Enterprise, and Bitbucket to make builds when new code lines are committed. CircleCI also offers cloud-managed continuous integration hosting or uses local infrastructure that is protected by a firewall. The notable traits of CircleCI include its . It uses a virtual machine or container to run the build and simply remove bugs. CircleCI supports automatic parallelizing. integration power with GitHub Enterprise, Bitbucket, and GitHub It supports rapid testing and allows branch-specific deployment which makes it very adaptable to any environment. It allows custom commands and automated merging for package uploading making it a great tool for customized testing. TeamCity The building management and continuous integration server JetBrains is called . TeamCity A continuous integration tool called TeamCity aids in developing and deploying various project kinds. . TeamCity interacts with Visual Studio and IDEs and operates in a Java context. The program supports .NET and open-stack applications and may be deployed on Windows and Linux systems New UI and direct connection with GitLab are features of TeamCity. Additionally, GitLab and Bitbucket server pull requests are supported. Finally, the release contains requests for AWS Spot Fleet, detection of Go tests, and token-based authentication. TeamCity provides several options for reusing the settings and configurations of the parent project in the child project. The tool concurrently does parallel builds in various contexts. It allows you to run previous builds, see test history reports, pin, tag, and favorite builds. TeamCity makes it very simple to interact with, alter and expand the server. The tool ensures the CI server is operational and reliable. The main feature of TeamCity is it gives flexible user administration, user role assignments, a grouping of users, several user authentication methods, and a log of all user activity for full transparency of all server operations. Testsigma is a new player in the test automation market. . In addition, it uses plain English for writing tests, which makes it easier for manual testers to pick up automation skills quickly. Testsigma The software’s cloud-based solution supports web, mobile, and API test automation For organizations with limited resources or complicated testing requirements, Testsigma also offers test infrastructure with the devices, operating systems, and browsers that work best. Testsigma uses AIs to help this practice as the testing industry moves to the left. The application uses AI to find possible threats and issues resulting from ongoing adjustments and alterations so that you can take quick action. To increase Testsigma’s functionality, you may incorporate Java or Selenium using the custom function. Popular CI/CD technologies include Jira and Slack, to mention a couple. Test Sigma supports and connects with both of these. Bamboo A continuous delivery pipeline is created by , a continuous integration server that automates the administration of software application releases. Bamboo Assigning versions, categorizing releases, building, and functional testing, as well as deploying and activating new versions on live systems, are all covered by Bamboo. The notable attribute of Bamboo is its builds are triggered depending on changes seen in the repository. Notifications are pushed from BitBucket, according to a predetermined schedule when a build is finished, or any combination of these. SVN, Git, and Mercurial repositories can immediately apply the CI scheme from the main line to newly discovered branches. It gives pre-environment rights that let developers and testers deploy to individual environments as needed while the production environment is kept secure. It allows up to 100 remote build agents and carries out many tests, runs concurrently, and receives timely responses. GitLab is a c for controlling various phases of the software development lifecycle. The main component is a web-based Git repository manager with problem tracking, statistics, and a Wiki. GitLab ollection of instruments With each change or push on GitLab, you have the option to start builds, launch tests, and deploy code. Jobs can be created on another server, on a virtual machine, or using Docker containers. The main feature of GitLab is that it . delivers safe applications and licensing compliance with container scanning, static application security testing (SAST), dynamic application security testing (DAST), and dependency scanning It provides a set of branching tools that are used to see, produce, and manage codes and project data. It has a single distributed version control system that is used to design, develop, and manage codes and project data, allowing for quick iteration and the delivery of business values. It offers scalability and a single source of truth for working together on projects and code. GitLab assists delivery teams in embracing CI and automating and accelerating application delivery and releases by automating builds, integration, and source code verification. Buddy is a . Buddy CI/CD tool that uses code from GitHub, Bitbucket, and GitLab to create, test, and deploy websites and apps It uses DevOps, monitoring, and notification processes together with Docker containers that come pre-installed with the languages and frameworks you may build upon. This CI/CD tool creates, alters, and utilizes test and build environments by providing superior Git integrations and support to the community. It has many different attachable services which include Elastic, MariaDB, Memcached, Mongo, PostgreSQL, RabbitMQ, Redis, Selenium Chrome, and Firefox. It makes sure that the workspace, project, pipeline, and action scopes are fixed, programmable, plain, and encrypted. Buddy supports intelligent change detection, cutting-edge caching, parallelism, and general optimizations. It manages workflows using templates for pipeline cloning, exporting, and importing. Travis CI is called . New contributions are automatically found by Travis CI and published to a GitHub repository. Additionally, Travis CI will build the project and run tests after each new code commit. A CI service used to create and test projects Travis CI Travis CI is a service provider. It has a lot of important features or traits as it has simple OS installation and upgrading criteria with a simple user-friendly interface. It allows viewing live builds for GitHub projects and multiple cloud service deployments. It has built-in database services and provides pristine VMs for each build compiling with iOS, Linux, and macOS. It supports different programming languages including R, C, Python, Ruby, Java, C, C#, C++, Perl, PHP, and JavaScript (with Node.js). It has multiple cloud services deployments and auto-deploys when builds pass. Concluding Thoughts Continuous Performance Testing Is the Way to Go if You Want to Stay Ahead of Performance Issues and Outperform Your Competitors. The major point is that monitoring performance throughout the development process of new features or products before they go live when bugs are present. can save time later during maintenance cycles Hence, . companies should always improve the procedures used by development teams Moreover, thanks to continuous performance testing, it won’t interfere with your consumers’ experience. This involves considering how much load each feature will need once used. If you want to know more about Continuous Performance Testing or have concerns about how to incorporate it into your CI/CD pipeline as part of your DevOps process, are here to help. QAlified Testing Services

Everything You Need to Know About Continuous Performance Testing

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Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur les tests de performance continus

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关于持续性能测试您需要了解的一切

The purpose of this post is to discuss the significance of and the importance of conducting accessibility tests on various systems. Additionally, we will highlight and discuss different tools and techniques that can be implemented to achieve this goal. accessibility When talking about accessibility, it can also be defined as usability for individuals with disabilities. In other words, we want for a system to be usable by anyone regardless of their situation. Individuals with disabilities are people with , among others, who face restrictions when interacting with different contextual barriers and who, therefore, cannot fully and actively get involved in society. physical, visual, hearing, speech, or cognitive deficiencies It is necessary to understand that any person can be undergoing a disability situation, whether that is temporary or permanent, partial, or absolute. One example of the above is a person who, after a domestic accident, needs to use crutches to get around for some time, or a person with a visual disability who requires a screen reader to adequately interpret a system. According to a survey done by the , there are more than in situations of disability, almost . National Statistics Institute 500,000 people in Uruguay 17% of the Uruguayan population Globally, more than 15% of the population (more than 1,000,000 people) are facing situations of disability according to the (WHO). World Health Organization As you can see, this means that a wide range of people are affected by this, and they might not be able to properly access a system because it is not designed to take accessibility into account. Content Overview What is Accessibility Testing? What are Accessibility Standards? WCAG Timeline Structure of the Standard and Compliance Levels What are Accessibility Testing Tools? How are Accessibility Tests carried out? Accessibility Testing Tools User Accessibility Testing (Manual Tests) Web Accessibility Examples Conclusions What is Accessibility Testing? In a nutshell, applying processes and verification techniques over a software product to validate whether it meets the expected accessibility requirements and standards or not. A system can be considered accessible when it is designed so that every person, regardless of their situation, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with it. These types of tests have become increasingly relevant lately because more and more systems are being used, both for work and for everyday tasks. What are Accessibility Standards? Accessibility standards are guidelines, rules, controls, and norms within the industry that allow us to understand the degree of accessibility a system possesses. The most used standard in the world is , the main non-profit organization for international standards. WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) from W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) In addition to WCAG, there are several other standards and accessibility guidelines that are used in different parts of the world, such as: , sections and . Section 504 helps provide individuals with disabilities access to workspaces, education, and other organizations, and Section 508 helps provide them access to technology. The Rehabilitation Act 504 508 : this law states that all public entities, such as schools and organizations, must make technology accessible to everyone. This includes both accessible systems and accessibility testing tools. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) WCAG Timeline WCAG is a very large standard that currently applies to web systems and mobile applications and is constantly evolving To better understand it and know more about how it evolved, the first version of this standard (WCAG 1.0) emerged in May 1999, for the purpose of describing a general rule for accessible design. Later, in December of 2008, it was replaced with WCAG 2.0, which covered a wide range of recommendations to make web content more accessible. In June 2018, version WCAG 2.1 was published, which is currently the most stable version. This version includes not only accessibility for web content but also accessibility for mobile applications Nowadays, two new documents are being worked on. On the one hand, version WCAG 2.2, which includes the accessibility guidelines for web content 2.1. On the other hand, the project is currently underway, which will become version WCAG 3.0. This document will include additional guidelines and different scoring mechanisms. This project is expected to be the successor of version WCAG 2.2, but it will neither replace it nor will it be compatible with WCAG 2.X. It will be a set of alternative guidelines. Silver (Ag) Structure of the Standard and Compliance Levels To understand the standard and how it works, the current accessibility guidelines for web content include ( *)* distributed in 13 guidelines that evaluate different disability situations applying 78 criteria. These are grouped into three compliance levels: the less strict (A), the moderately strict (AA), and the strictest (AAA). four design principles perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust The four design principles mentioned for content to be considered accessible are: the content of a website must make sense from the perspective of every user. Perceivable: : a website is operable when a user can navigate through every page easily. Operable every element of a system must be understood by anyone, so the language must be easy. Understandable: the content of a website must be compatible with any type of technology and user. Robust: To better understand the scope of WCAG, these guidelines range from very technical, low-level situations –such as every web image ( tag in HTML code) being required to have the alternative attribute (alt) to describe the image – to more high-level guidelines – for example, every multimedia content being required to have subtitles and every audio its corresponding translation. What are Accessibility Testing Tools? Individuals with physical disabilities who cannot use devices, including computers or mobile devices, will need support tools to help them interact with systems. Some of the support tools are: : specifically designed for users with motor disabilities. Special keyboards developed to help individuals with low vision, expanding the screen and making reading easier. Screen Zoom software: this type of tool is used to read the text displayed on a screen. Screen reader: : when it recognizes speech, it replaces spoken words with text, so it works as a point of entry to a system. Speech recognition software How are Accessibility Tests carried out? The tests are carried out using procedures and activities which verify whether the system meets the defined standards or not. For this purpose, some procedures are defined that act as guidelines for how to carry out these types of tests. They define activities and accessibility testing tools to facilitate the verification tasks. Accessibility Testing Tools - How to Perform Accessibility Tests Now that you know what a system must have in order to be considered accessible, we will see how to carry out the different tests using: Accessibility testing tools User accessibility testing or manual tests Accessibility Testing Tools The WCAG standard is verified using verification tools or automatic tools. In order to perform the verification, they read the code for a web or a mobile application, and quickly obtain a report that indicates the guidelines which are met and those that are not based on WCAG. HTML It is possible to find several tools in the market to evaluate accessibility. On this occasion, we will introduce two of them: allows you to verify that the structure of a webpage meets the WCAG guidelines. verifies the contrast of colors considering the WCAG guidelines. To understand how they work, we will present some brief examples of how they are used. Axe (Axe Accessibility) CCA (Colour Contrast Analyzer) 1. Axe (Axe DevTools) This tool is useful to inspect the structure of a website and to verify if it meets every WCAG guideline and some of the other standards mentioned above. For example, if you executed over a website and found out that it did not meet the accessibility guidelines related to the structure and order of headings, this tool would allow you to identify these aspects very quickly. Axe In order to use it in Google Chrome, you will just need to install the extension from the Chrome Web Store. To execute it, open the developer console and select the “Axe Dev Tools” tab. The tool offers different validation options, and it is possible to scan and validate the complete website or a specific element. For example, if you select the option to validate a complete website, a full report is quickly generated including every accessibility finding for the website categorized by level of impact. Something else to point out is that offers you a description of the issue and suggestions about how to solve each one of the errors, which makes it easier to understand them and speeds up the correction process. Axe 2. Colour Contrast Analyser (CCA) The tests carried out using are crucial to simulate situations of individuals with low color contrast sensibilities. This condition can be presented in individuals with visual disabilities, such as the different color blindness types. Likewise, this type of situation is even more common in the elderly and can become increasingly worse as the years go by. CCA The main issue when there are colors with little to no contrast is how difficult it becomes to navigate, read, or interact with the system, so this tool will help you verify that there is enough contrast between the foreground color (text or image) and the background color. For example, if you want to verify the contrast of a button on a website, you can use to obtain the foreground color (the color of the text) and the background color. will automatically analyze the contrast ratio between both colors. CCA CCA After you have downloaded the tool, you will see that it presents you with different ways to select a color. In this case, select the foreground color with the eye dropper and, likewise, select the background color using the eye dropper. The tool will immediately display the results of the color contrast considering the guidelines. CCA WCAG Another advantage of using this tool is that it offers recommendations about the color contrast ratio a text must have in relation to its size. The recommendations provided by the tool were implemented using the guidelines. These determine 2 compliance levels for this type of situation: and an . The criteria for these levels of compliance state that: WCAG a minimum contrast (AA Level) Improved Contrast (AAA Level) , regular text must have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5, and large texts must have a contrast ratio of at least 3.1. In this case, refers to “large” texts to indicate 18px or 14px in bold. For level AA WCAG , the requirement is a contrast ratio of 7.1 for regular text and 4.5 for large texts. For level AAA User Accessibility Testing (or Manual Tests) To complement tests with accessibility testing verification tools, user or manual tests are carried out that make it possible for testers to focus on the content and not so much on the structure of a website. For example, you can use verification tools to make sure that all images have the alternative attribute (alt), but, with these kinds of tests, . you verify that the alternative text is consistent with the image that you see How these tests are carried out is determined by the disability situation. In this case, 5 categories are defined: Color usage tests 2. Field-focused tests Navigation tests “Zooming” tests Screen reader tests 1. Color Usage Testing The aim of these tests is to verify that the system does not only rely on the use of colors to understand what is happening with the system. For example, here below you will see a situation where there is a comparison between the perception of a visually impaired person (or a color-blind person) and the perception of a non-visually impaired one. You can see how a visually impaired person cannot identify whether or not the information has been entered correctly. One way to solve this situation is to incorporate descriptive messages and icons, such as the ones below: 2. Field-Focused Testing The aim of these types of tests is to make sure that individuals with motor disabilities can also use the system. The tests seek to verify that the system has the focus indicator provided by browsers enabled and that it contains every single element on the website. This way, the user will be able to know where they are positioned or what they are selected. 3. Navigation Testing These types of tests are usually carried out using a keyboard instead of using a mouse to interact with a system. They are related to field-focused tests because, in order to perform them, the focus must be correctly configured so keyboard navigation is possible. To execute them, a set of questions are posed: When navigating through the website using the “tab” key to go up, and “shift + tab” to go down, are these executed in order? Can you navigate through the whole website from left to right and from the top to the bottom and access every section on the website? Are there any elements or contents on the site which cannot be reached using only a keyboard? These types of situations are the ones that will be validated during navigation tests. 4. “Zooming” Testing These are crucial for individuals with low vision. This is a situation that is becoming increasingly more common for people of all ages, so they are becoming more and more important. The ability to zoom is not only included in the recommendations and accessibility guidelines in WCAG but also an accessibility testing tool that makes everyday life easier for people. When carrying out these types of tests, you begin with a very simple question: does the application have the zoom functionality enabled? Sometimes, due to technical or design issues, the zoom functionality is disabled, which means that people that might need it don’t have the option to do so. The second question that must be asked is: does the application work correctly when the zoom is applied? When the zoom functionality is enabled, it is important to verify that, when increasing the size of the screen to, for example, 200%, it is still possible to visualize the information and operate within the system without any issues. It is common to identify problems with these kinds of tests, because there is information that is cut off, or elements on the website that are not adjusted correctly, and, therefore, the interaction is not good, among other situations that pose a problem for users. 5. Screen Reader Testing Lastly, we will talk about tests involving screen reading. This tool turns HTML content into simplified audio; that is to say, it reads and explains what is being displayed on the screen. The main purpose of these tools is to help visually impaired people navigate through any system, regardless of their situation. They seek to verify that the system is accessible for people navigating through it using the aforementioned screen reader. There are many different screen readers: some of them are desktop applications, and others are Chrome extensions. Some examples include NVDA, JAWS, Windows Narrator, and Screen Reader, among others. To perform these tests, you first activate the tools and then manually navigate through the system while observing whether what the reader interprets is consistent with what is being displayed on the screen. Lastly, a report is created detailing every accessibility error that was found during the test. There are several issues that these types of tests can detect: for example, if you were passing through an input field on a form and the reader did not read the field, this would be a problem for a blind person because they will not understand what information they need to enter. Web Accessibility Examples Now that you know what it means for a web application to be accessible, we will show you some examples which show you when a system meets the accessibility requirements and when it does not. 1. Adequate color contrast Visually impaired individuals can find it difficult to read texts when three is no contrast with the background color, whether it is a simple background or an image with text. For example, the subtitles for a video or text printed on an image. 2. Providing descriptive tags for the fields in a form It is common for forms to be implemented with tags embedded into each field in the form. It is best not to do it this way because screen readers can overlook these descriptions. In addition, users with cognitive disabilities might not grasp the intention or the reference to the field. This is an example where the best practices are not followed: It is recommended to implement this in the following way: 3. Titles and simple spaces A good design with a simple hierarchy helps users understand the relationship between the title and the corresponding texts, spaces, and the location of the elements. In addition, it reduces cluttering and makes the content more accessible. 4. Alternatives for the consumption of media It is recommended to make the context available in different formats, offering individuals with disabilities different ways to access the content. Down below, you can see how a video is presented and, in addition, the audio is transcribed so you can read it. Conclusions Accessibility for software products is an attribute that cannot be disregarded because it can have an impact on many users. Depending on the disability situation each person is facing, they will find it easier or harder to operate the software depending on the degree of adoption of the regulations set forth by the standards and good practices. It is important to think about the accessibility of a system as a competitive advantage because it not only increases user engagement, but it also improves maintenance and efficacy and meets the existing and future legal requirements of the different countries in the world, so it also helps you go international. Accessibility standards such as provide you with an excellent reference framework and good practices so you can make information systems accessible, and they offer you an excellent guide on how to start treading the path toward accessibility tests. Likewise, thanks to the three compliance levels in the standard, it is possible to measure the current state of the system and plan actions to take to reach new levels incrementally in the future. WACG There are different accessibility testing tools to execute accessibility tests, such as and , among others. They offer you a very good analysis capacity to quickly determine the general state of the systems in terms of accessibility and offer recommendations to correct any errors detected along the way. Axe CCA To complement these tools, it is also important to consider verification activities and manual validation that allow you to understand other aspects of accessibility which cannot be obtained by only looking at the results achieved with the tools. If you apply a strategy that combines accessibility testing tools with manual tests, you will be able to become aware of the level of accessibility offered by the system and to detect improvement opportunities for greater maturity. Also published here. This story was distributed as a release by QAlified under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author

Step-by-Step Guide to Accessibility Testing

Guía paso a paso para las pruebas de accesibilidad

Guide étape par étape des tests d'accessibilité

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アクセシビリティ テストのステップバイステップ ガイド

Guia passo a passo para testes de acessibilidade

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可访问性测试分步指南

Software testers practice several techniques to check the quality of the applications. Performance testing is one of the decisive measures where the team tests the speed, response time, scalability, and reliability of the software. In this article, we are going to discuss the core things about throughput in performance testing. The Basics of Throughput in Performance Testing Before starting with the details, let’s have a look at some essentials of performance testing. Why Performance Testing? Performance testing is important because: Other than commonly reported logical or functional issues, the applications also struggle with that determine their reliability. network problems when their application accessibility experience is not good. Customers easily get frustrated where they are being used. So it is important to judge the performance of the application at different speeds and networks. Application speed and performance changes according to the region A system can work perfectly with a specific number of users, but from that limit. So checking the performance testing basics under specific conditions is necessary. it can behave differently when the increases number of users When Should You Start Performance Testing? in the development stages of your software application. In this way, you can optimize your web server and prevent business costs at later stages. You can start performance testing as early as possible Discovering the problems in the performance after deployment of the application means lots of working hours to rectify the issues. So it can be very expensive. As soon as the basic web pages of the application work, the quality assurance team must conduct the initial load tests. From that point onwards, they should perform performance testing regularly for every build. There are different tools and criteria for performance testing of the applications. Here we will talk about an important measure, i.e., throughput. What Is Throughput in Performance Testing? Every software application or website has lots of users that perform different requests. Testers need to ensure that the application meets the required capacity of requests before going live. Let’s find out what is throughput in performance testing. There are some performance testing basics that need to be measured during the process. . Throughput is one of them Throughput is a key metric that shows the number of requests a software application can handle in a specific time (second, minute, or hour). Before starting the test, we need to set a realistic performance throughput goal, so that we can get more precise and reliable results. These are some important factors to determine realistic throughput: Estimated quantity and types of users that are going to use the application or website. User behavior, i.e., what actions they are going to perform using the application. The connection types that are going to affect the response of the system and ultimately user experience as well. The effects of pauses and delays on the system. Throughput in Real-Life Scenario Here, we will explain the concept of throughput with the help of a real-life . Imagine there’s a fast food stall named “Yummy Burgers.” They serve burgers and fries for the customers. example Let’s say that “Yummy Burgers” have three workers in the stall, and every single worker always takes 5 minutes to serve the food to one customer. So, if they have three customers lined up to be served by three workers, it means “Yummy Burgers” can serve food to three customers in 5 minutes. Hence, if we need to make a performance report of “Yummy Burgers”, it would show that its throughput is three customers per five minutes. It is Yummy Burgers’ dilemma that, no matter how many customers are waiting out there for the food, the maximum number they can handle during a specific time frame will always be the same, i.e., three. . This is the maximum throughput As more customers line up for the food, they must wait for their turn, creating a queue. The same concept applies to the testing of a web application. If a web application receives 100 requests per second, but it can handle only 70 requests per second, the remaining 30 requests must wait in a queue. . In performance testing, we denote throughput as “Transactions per second” or TPS Throughput in Performance Testing JMeter: Using r is quite popular to test the performance of a software application. JMeter is helpful to determine the maximum number of concurrent users that the application can handle and also provides a graphical analysis for performance testing. Apache JMete JMeter provides lots of ways to record the value of throughput. Given here are some JMeter listeners that you can use for this purpose: Summary Report Aggregate Report Aggregate Graph Graph Results JMeter also provides a timer component, ‘ , which you can use to set the value of Transactions per Second (TPS) to test the load of the application. Constant Throughput Timer’ Now, we will show the usage of throughput in the performance test using JMeter.Let’s say we are going to conduct a sample test with 100 concurrent threads and track the value of throughput. Suppose we have the latest release of JMeter installed on our system, and we have already performed all other required configurations. Now, we have to build a test plan. 1. Configuration of Test In this test, we are going to define five ThreadGroup elements. Each of these elements is going to have a different ramp-up time i.e., 0, 15, 25, 35, and 45. Ramp-up time is the duration to start every thread. We will configure 100 users in these ThreadGroup elements. If we want to configure a larger number of users, then more ramp-up time will be required. These thread groups will have an HTTP sampler that will generate requests on the homepage of a sample website (Suppose www.samplesite.com). In Use Case 1, we have a ThreadGroup element that is configured with 100 threads, and its ramp-up time is 0. It will have the “Number of Threads” field set as 100. This means 100 users will send requests at once. Similarly, we can configure the remaining 4 threads as well and set their ramp-up time as 15, 25, 35, and 45. Also, name the samplers for each thread group. As mentioned before, these HTTP samplers will point to the home page of the sample website. It is necessary to run these thread groups in a proper sequence. For this purpose, select “Test Plan” from the control panel, and check the field “Run Thread Groups consecutively.” 2. Analysis of Test Results “Aggregate Report” is a listener that is used to analyze and observe the test results. To use this listener, right-click on “Test Plan” and select: Add → Listener → Aggregate Report Then click on the start icon to run the test. Now, let’s see how to understand the results of throughput from the Aggregate Report. The first thread group with ramp-up time 0 shows all the threads put an instant load on the server by starting at once. This scenario has a fairly high throughput, but it is not practical. So, this will not show realistic output. The second and third thread groups have a ramp-up time of a realistic range, so they are more likely to show proper performance throughput and request load time. Thread groups four and five have higher ramp-up time, which means their throughput will decrease. Hence, the reliable output can be determined from the second and third thread group results. Important Points to Remember While Testing Throughput: The decision for deployment of a new release or change relies on the ability of the application to handle specific TPS. So, the performance test plan has certain throughput goals. But we need to make sure that these goals are realistic and represent the true characteristics of the production. The test plan is all in vain if we pass it by using unrealistic conditions. For example, the test plan we described above had higher values of throughput for the first thread group, but it was not depicting the actual scenario of the live environment. So, by using such methods, we cannot get the proper idea if our application is going to handle the actual load or not. Therefore, setting up suitable tests is crucial. Now, we will discuss some important points that we need to consider for testing performance throughput. Test design determines if the generated throughput is realistic or not. In the real-time scenario, each request can be different and may also trigger complicated processes for required results. So we need to manipulate the tests according to the expected live environment. Appropriate Test Design: Each application user may have requests that affect the resources of the system. So, if real users are not being represented in the test scenario, the results may show inexact resource usage at the backend thus, the test will not emulate the right conditions. Representation of Real Users: **==Consider Pauses and Delays: ==**In a live environment, users need to think, take and process information, enter information in the fields, etc. But the servers still use resources during that pause. So, try to incorporate these user behaviors in your scripts. Users of the application are connected through different network speeds, regions, or via mobile networks. So, it is necessary to choose such bandwidth that represents such user connections as well. Connection Speed: Conclusions In a nutshell, . But, depending only on throughput metrics is not enough. Hence, . throughput is a crucial performance indicator of web applications it needs to be checked with latency and response times It is also really important to create to achieve the set performance testing goals. realistic throughput

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The software industry is expanding quicker than anticipated. So are the bugs and viruses that often go beyond the grip of manual tests. Automation testing companies have shown up as a solution here, helping businesses tackle such threats with precision. Automation testing companies leverage automated tools to execute test cases, thus improving speed and efficiency while lowering human interventions. They bring in experience, technologies, strategies, and processes ensuring that your applications are bug-free, smooth, and 360-degree protected at the same time. However, the question is: are all companies equally efficient? How are you, as a business owner, going to trust a remote team? What about the price? automation testing This article answers all your questions. We have assembled a list of the top 10 best automation testing companies in 2022, based on customer reviews, the range of services they provide, and other decisive factors. The article lists some companies from our existing list of which have expanded their services to automation. By the time you are reading the ending lines, we are sure you will find the company that matches your requirements. top 10 software testing companies QASource QASource is a leading QA outsourcing company providing all-around testing services for clients across the globe. With 400+ automation engineers who have built 150+ automation frameworks dedicated to various domains, QASource has a lot to offer for every industry. Their engineers have automated 1 million+ test cases, making it to the top of our list. Since its inception back in the early 2000s, QASource has been rewarded by numerous industry giants: , and to name a few. Gartner Services Outlook, Electronics For You QASource provides a wide range of testing services that include: Automation Testing Manual Testing API Testing Mobile QA Security Testing Performance Testing QA Analysis IoT Testing Blockchain Testing QA Mentor Founded in 2010, New York-based QA Mentor is one of the fastest-growing names among software testing companies. It has completed 900+ projects with great success. The team comprises 300+ highly experienced QA engineers providing 360 degrees testing for every project requirement. QA Mentor has received several awards including CMMI Level 3 SVC + SSD and ISO along with recognitions by the likes of , and a few other giants. Clutch, CIO Views QA mentor provides a complete package of QA testing services, that includes: Manual Test Performance Testing Security Testing Automation framework design Robotic test automation CRM testing Quality Logic Based in Idaho, USA, Quality Logic is a pioneer in providing quality software testing services. Being in the industry since as early as the late 1980s, Quality Logic is fully geared to take up testing tasks that no other agency can. Their automation engineers provide more than just tools as they have developed several frameworks that cater to specific industry needs.Quality logic comprises a team of 200+ testing experts boasting expertise across every QA technology, that includes: Functional Testing Test Automation Usability Testing Accessibility Testing Load and Performance Testing Regression Testing Agile QA ImpactQA ImpactQA is a leading software testing company based in the USA, offering a wide range of QA services. In its 10+ years of industry experience, ImpactQA has completed 900+ projects for its 200+ global clients, boasting its expertise and quality service across continents. Over the years, it has been recognized globally by industry giants- and to name a few. The agency provides a good number of automation testing services including: Forbes, Gartner, Clutch, The Manifest, Good firms Automated Web Testing Mobile Testing API Testing Performance Testing UI Testing CI/CD Pipeline Deployment SaaS Test Automation Testlio Testlio is one of the most prominent automation testing companies in the world. The company specializes in providing TaaS (Testing as a Service) allowing their clients to get applications tested hassle-free. Testlio takes an edge over its competition by introducing “Networked testing”. Networked testing leverages the power of integrated human and software networks, thus elevating its automation testing deliverables. Testlio has a lot to offer to its clients, including: Functional Testing Localization testing Usability testing Automation Testing Location testing Regression testing Accessibility Testing Infosys Infosys needs no introduction. The Fortune 500 IT company has worked with several leading brands, helping them build products and applications across devices. Infosys has been in the industry for over 4 decades serving global clients across 50+ countries. Infosys uses its experience and massive global exposure to offer out-of-box solutions perfectly aligned to market needs, the applications they test, and the expected outcomes. Their automation engineers incorporate a wide range of automation frameworks and tools designed for specific industries making them one of the most reliable companies on the list. iBeta iBeta is an industry giant that has dominated QA consultation for more than two decades. Over the years, it has worked with several small start-ups as well as Fortune 500 companies, helping them identify quality problems and fix them. iBeta has been awarded on several occasions for its quality services. The B2B recognitions include the likes of DesignRush and Clutch. Their 200+ QA engineers provide a wide range of testing services, that includes: Accessibility Testing Automated Testing Biometrics Testing Game Testing Localization testing Web and mobile testing Testrig Testrig works closely with clients’ quality and development teams to attain an ideal cost-benefit balance by incorporating test automation. The leading automation testing company provides QA engineers having years of experience building and leveraging automation test tools for clients. The Automation test engineers at Testrig aim to deliver better test coverage, improved product quality, and high ROI at a reduced cost, making it one of the best in the industry. Testrig provides the following list of testing services along with automation testing: Web Application testing Mobile application testing Web API testing Security Testing Usability Testing Performance Testing Regression Testing Compatibility testing QAlified QAlified is an Uruguay-based quality assurance company that specializes in providing out-of-the-box testing services. QAlified is best suited for companies looking for flexible, experienced, and certified QA testers. In its 3 decades worth of industry experience, QAlified has served more than a hundred worldwide clients across a wide range of domain sectors including Banking, Financial Services, Healthcare, the Public Sector, and Information Technology. The team Comprises 200+ expert QA engineers providing the following list of core services: Application Testing Performance Testing Automation testing Security Testing Usability Testing Accessibility Testing TestMatick Founded back in 2009, TestMatick has gained a quick name as a leading automation testing service provider. It is known to offer a solution that is a perfect blend of the team’s technical skills, business understanding, and industry-specific knowledge. Over the years, TestMatick has worked on relatively every Automated testing tool including etc. along with every tool that meets the project requirements. Selenium, Ranorex, Telerik Test Studio, Visual Studio, Cucumber, Appium, Their engineers offer state of the art QA services including: Functional testing Automation Testing Usability Testing Localization testing Multi-platform testing Regression testing Exploratory testing Load Testing Game Testing Third-party automation testing agencies have opened gates for companies of all sizes to get their applications tested without having to invest in in-house teams. Added to that it saves cost and time in learning new age testing technologies. Just reach out to a company, from the list above, that best suits your business needs. References:
Software Testing Help- Best Automation Testing Services Company Goodfirms- Top Automation Testing Companies Techworld Times- Top Automation Testing Companies *: This story was submitted to HackerNoon by an independent contributor. Hence the information contained therein has also been researched and compiled independently.* Disclosure

Top 10 Automation Testing Companies Based in the US

One of the marks of a good senior developer is that they have lots of interesting opinions. After years of working on different software projects, they'll be able to passionately explain why they think is ass, paired programming is no fun, and the GitHub CLI changed their workflow. MongoDB I have anecdotally found 2 things to be true: Senior developers without opinions tend to not be very good Junior developers with many opinions tend to not get good quickly (and are annoying AF) Let the gatekeeping begin As a new developer, it's smart to consume developer content. However, when you listen to Prime, Dax, Theo, or myself give opinions, you need to remember that they're opinions, not . our yours Don't misunderstand: I publish my opinions to convince you to join my cult ( is based) but taking my word at face value does a disservice to yourself. If you simply regurgitate another developer's opinions, not only will you stunt your learning, but it will look bad in interviews and on the job. Go It's obvious when your opinions haven't been forged in the fires of your own experience. Context-specific opinions There are kinds of developers out there: many Frontend Backend Mobile Embedded, etc. But we don't just discriminate on tech stack! There are also many kinds of : companies Venture-backed startups Indie hackers Established tech incumbents Non-tech companies with internal software Consultancies, etc. No matter what advice you're hearing about technology, you need to remember that the speaker comes from a specific background. coming from people with can both be great takes. Opposing hot takes different backgrounds Do you need to scale computing power across a cluster of machines? good. Kubernetes Are you building a personal site for your dog? Kubernetes bad. I work mostly on Backend HTTP servers in Go and think debuggers are a waste of time (the state of the program is easy to reproduce) John Carmack does a lot with game engines and loves debuggers (the state of the program is hard to reproduce) Theo works on a startup where product requirements are constantly in flux and performance isn't the #1 problem. He likes TypeScript. The Primeagen works at btw and works on performance issues where product direction is relatively static. He likes Rust. Netflix Now, the best opinions tend to carry the infamous "it depends" as you keep digging for exactly this reason. However, if you're a Xitter enjoyer like myself, you need to appreciate that the context is contained in the tweet. You'll only begin to understand the context surrounding a hot take once you're familiar with the author. never The point? If you're new to coding, understand that this stuff is nuanced, but adding nuance to titles, thumbnails, and tweets gets clicks. never So what's this about TDD? Test-driven development is a somewhat controversial development methodology. Some developers love it, some hate it. MBA's love it because it makes them feel safe. TDD falls into the same category as a few other hot-button topics: always Pair programming Agile & Scrum SOLID principles Micro-services vs Monoliths FP vs OOP NoSQL vs SQL, etc. These are things that you'll hear about often, and most developers tend to form strong opinions about them. Here's my advice: If you haven't used it in a real project, don't hate it (yet) That's why it's to hate Haskell. No one has tried it in production yet. literally impossible Be a humble junior dev (I wasn't) One of the biggest mistakes I made early was simply assuming I knew more than I did. I would push for refactors that made no sense to get away from technologies that I thought were "old" or "bad". I wanted to rewrite perfectly stable parts of the code because I thought the new hotness was more maintainable. By all means, consume coding content online, but try to understand the reasoning behind the opinions you're hearing. Try to think about the context that influences the speaker. Then, when you have a chance, try the thing out for yourself before making your own bold claims. PS: The only exception to all of this is scrum. , you can just trust me on that one. It sucks regardless of your company, religion, political beliefs or sexual orientation. Scrum always sucks Also published here.

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[Toronto, Canada] Nov 14, 2024 – Torram, pioneering institutional-grade decentralized finance (DeFi) infrastructure on Bitcoin, today announced a strategic investment from Draper Associates, the venture firm led by legendary crypto investor Tim Draper. Selected from over 200 applicants for the highly exclusive BitcoinFi Accelerator, Torram is now better positioned to capture the rapidly expanding institutional DeFi market as Bitcoin emerges as the leading blockchain for traditional finance. The investment, led by Draper Associates with participation from Boost VC and Thesis, comes as institutional demand for Bitcoin-native DeFi solutions surges, with the DeFi market set to soar to $50 billion by 2025. Torram's institutional-grade infrastructure enables banks, asset managers, and financial institutions to tap into Bitcoin's security and $880 billion market cap through compliant DeFi solutions. "We believe in Bitcoin and there’s now a gravitational pull towards Bitcoin," said Tim Draper, Founder of Draper Associates. "It’s a critical time in global history, and we’re excited about these applications that are being built on the most important blockchain.” Torram emerged as one of the top performers from Bitcoin Startup Labs' pre-accelerator program and has now earned one of only eight spots in BitcoinFi Accelerator's inaugural cohort. The exclusive 6-week program, backed by leading Bitcoin investors, provides $150,000 in initial funding alongside technical resources and strategic partnerships essential for scaling Bitcoin-native applications. "Securing backing from visionaries like Tim Draper and Adam Draper validates our approach to bridging traditional finance (TradFi) with Bitcoin's powerful capabilities," said Vakeesan Mahalingam, CEO of Torram. "Their strategic guidance and deep network in both TradFi and crypto will be instrumental as we roll out our institutional DeFi infrastructure." Torram's technology stack includes: An institutional-grade decentralized oracle network
Advanced on-chain data indexing for real-time analytics
Proprietary security framework meeting institutional compliance requirements
Cross-chain infrastructure enabling seamless integration with existing systems The company will launch its testnet in 2025. Early access to the testnet is in high demand and is limited to qualified institutions and Bitcoin ecosystem partners. For early investment opportunities or to learn more about how Torram is positioning itself to lead the Bitcoin DeFi revolution, visit torram.xyz. About Torram Torram is building the foundational infrastructure that enables institutional-grade DeFi and real-world asset tokenization natively on Bitcoin. Torram empowers financial institutions to leverage Bitcoin's unmatched security, transparency, and $880 billion of global liquidity through its decentralized oracle network, on-chain data indexing, and institutional-grade solutions. This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding Torram’s plans, objectives, and future business operations. These forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current expectations, beliefs, and projections, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements due to various factors, including market conditions, regulatory changes, technological challenges, and competition.
The information in this release is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or investment advice. Readers should conduct their own research and consult with professional advisors before making any investment decisions or entering into any agreements. Torram does not guarantee any specific outcomes or returns on investment.Torram does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. [Toronto, Canada] Nov 14, 2024 – Torram, pioneering institutional-grade decentralized finance (DeFi) infrastructure on Bitcoin, today announced a strategic investment from Draper Associates, the venture firm led by legendary crypto investor Tim Draper. Selected from over 200 applicants for the highly exclusive BitcoinFi Accelerator, Torram is now better positioned to capture the rapidly expanding institutional DeFi market as Bitcoin emerges as the leading blockchain for traditional finance. [Toronto, Canada] Nov 14, 2024 – Torram, pioneering institutional-grade decentralized finance (DeFi) infrastructure on Bitcoin, today announced a strategic investment from Draper Associates, the venture firm led by legendary crypto investor Tim Draper. Selected from over 200 applicants for the highly exclusive BitcoinFi Accelerator, Torram is now better positioned to capture the rapidly expanding institutional DeFi market as Bitcoin emerges as the leading blockchain for traditional finance. The investment, led by Draper Associates with participation from Boost VC and Thesis, comes as institutional demand for Bitcoin-native DeFi solutions surges, with the DeFi market set to soar to $50 billion by 2025. Torram's institutional-grade infrastructure enables banks, asset managers, and financial institutions to tap into Bitcoin's security and $880 billion market cap through compliant DeFi solutions. "We believe in Bitcoin and there’s now a gravitational pull towards Bitcoin," said Tim Draper, Founder of Draper Associates. "It’s a critical time in global history, and we’re excited about these applications that are being built on the most important blockchain.” "We believe in Bitcoin and there’s now a gravitational pull towards Bitcoin," said Tim Draper, Founder of Draper Associates. "It’s a critical time in global history, and we’re excited about these applications that are being built on the most important blockchain.” Torram emerged as one of the top performers from Bitcoin Startup Labs' pre-accelerator program and has now earned one of only eight spots in BitcoinFi Accelerator's inaugural cohort. The exclusive 6-week program, backed by leading Bitcoin investors, provides $150,000 in initial funding alongside technical resources and strategic partnerships essential for scaling Bitcoin-native applications. "Securing backing from visionaries like Tim Draper and Adam Draper validates our approach to bridging traditional finance (TradFi) with Bitcoin's powerful capabilities," said Vakeesan Mahalingam, CEO of Torram. "Their strategic guidance and deep network in both TradFi and crypto will be instrumental as we roll out our institutional DeFi infrastructure." "Securing backing from visionaries like Tim Draper and Adam Draper validates our approach to bridging traditional finance (TradFi) with Bitcoin's powerful capabilities," said Vakeesan Mahalingam, CEO of Torram. "Their strategic guidance and deep network in both TradFi and crypto will be instrumental as we roll out our institutional DeFi infrastructure." Torram's technology stack includes: An institutional-grade decentralized oracle network Advanced on-chain data indexing for real-time analytics Proprietary security framework meeting institutional compliance requirements Cross-chain infrastructure enabling seamless integration with existing systems An institutional-grade decentralized oracle network Advanced on-chain data indexing for real-time analytics Proprietary security framework meeting institutional compliance requirements Cross-chain infrastructure enabling seamless integration with existing systems The company will launch its testnet in 2025. Early access to the testnet is in high demand and is limited to qualified institutions and Bitcoin ecosystem partners. For early investment opportunities or to learn more about how Torram is positioning itself to lead the Bitcoin DeFi revolution, visit torram.xyz . torram.xyz About Torram Torram is building the foundational infrastructure that enables institutional-grade DeFi and real-world asset tokenization natively on Bitcoin. Torram empowers financial institutions to leverage Bitcoin's unmatched security, transparency, and $880 billion of global liquidity through its decentralized oracle network, on-chain data indexing, and institutional-grade solutions. This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding Torram’s plans, objectives, and future business operations. These forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current expectations, beliefs, and projections, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements due to various factors, including market conditions, regulatory changes, technological challenges, and competition. The information in this release is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or investment advice. Readers should conduct their own research and consult with professional advisors before making any investment decisions or entering into any agreements. Torram does not guarantee any specific outcomes or returns on investment. Torram does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding Torram’s plans, objectives, and future business operations. These forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current expectations, beliefs, and projections, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements due to various factors, including market conditions, regulatory changes, technological challenges, and competition. This press release contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding Torram’s plans, objectives, and future business operations. These forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current expectations, beliefs, and projections, and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements due to various factors, including market conditions, regulatory changes, technological challenges, and competition. The information in this release is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or investment advice. Readers should conduct their own research and consult with professional advisors before making any investment decisions or entering into any agreements. Torram does not guarantee any specific outcomes or returns on investment. The information in this release is not intended to constitute legal, financial, or investment advice. Readers should conduct their own research and consult with professional advisors before making any investment decisions or entering into any agreements. Torram does not guarantee any specific outcomes or returns on investment. Torram does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Torram does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Draper Associates Backs Torram to Propel Decentralized Finance on Bitcoin

Draper Associates recolza Torram per impulsar el finançament descentralitzat a Bitcoin

Draper Associates respalda a Torram para impulsar las finanzas descentralizadas en Bitcoin

ड्रेपर एसोसिएट्स ने बिटकॉइन पर विकेंद्रीकृत वित्त को बढ़ावा देने के लिए टोरम का समर्थन किया

Draper Associates-ը աջակցում է Torram-ին ապակենտրոնացված ֆինանսները բիթքոյնով առաջ մղելու համար

Draper Associates Mendukung Torram untuk Mendorong Keuangan Terdesentralisasi pada Bitcoin

ドレイパー・アソシエイツ、ビットコインによる分散型金融を推進するトーラムを支援

Draper Associates Торрамды Биткойн боюнча борборлоштурулган каржыны жайылтуу үчүн колдойт

Draper Associates esungaki Torram mpo na ko propulser Finances décentralisées na Bitcoin

Ny Draper Associates dia manohana an'i Torram hanohanana ny fitantanam-bola tsy miankina amin'ny Bitcoin

Draper Associates stöder Torram för att driva decentraliserad finans på Bitcoin

Draper Associates Inaunga mkono Torram ili Kuendeleza Fedha Iliyowekwa madarakani kwenye Bitcoin

Draper Associates Torramni Bitcoin-da markazlashmagan moliyalashtirishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi

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