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Biden-⁠Harris Administration Commends Federal Agencies for Completing Key AI Actions in 180 Days

বিডেন-হ্যারিস প্রশাসন 180 দিনের মধ্যে মূল এআই অ্যাকশনগুলি সম্পূর্ণ করার জন্য ফেডারেল এজেন্সিগুলির প্রশংসা করেছে

Biden-Harris-Regierung lobt Bundesbehörden für die Umsetzung wichtiger KI-Maßnahmen in 180 Tagen

La administración Biden-⁠Harris elogia a las agencias federales por completar acciones clave de IA en 180 días

L’administration Biden-⁠Harris félicite les agences fédérales pour avoir mené à bien des actions clés en matière d’IA en 180 jours

बिडेन-हैरिस प्रशासन ने 180 दिनों में प्रमुख एआई कार्रवाइयों को पूरा करने के लिए संघीय एजेंसियों की सराहना की

バイデン・ハリス政権、連邦政府機関が180日以内に主要なAI対策を完了したことを称賛

Biden-⁠해리스 행정부, 180일 만에 핵심 AI 작업을 완료한 연방 기관 칭찬

Administração Biden-⁠Harris elogia agências federais por concluírem ações importantes de IA em 180 dias

Администрация Байдена-Харриса благодарит федеральные агентства за завершение ключевых действий в области искусственного интеллекта за 180 дней

Biden-⁠Harris Yönetimi, Temel Yapay Zeka Eylemlerini 180 Günde Tamamlayan Federal Kurumları Övdü

Chính quyền Biden-⁠Harris khen ngợi các cơ quan liên bang đã hoàn thành các hành động quan trọng về AI trong 180 ngày

拜登-哈里斯政府赞扬联邦机构在 180 天内完成关键人工智能行动

You can jump to any section of the National Aeronautics Science & Technology Priorities here. Future Efforts The Grand Pathways Framework provides an approach for identifying gaps, aligning capabilities and work streams, and prioritizing resilience science and technology capabilities to meet these needs and improve community resilience. This Framework can form the basis for stakeholder discussions across different communities in considering both the gaps in societal dimensions and cross-cutting enablers, and the role of science and technology in building resilience. By connecting the various aspects of resilience in a single combined framework, end users can seek solutions that address multiple concerns at once to more efficiently use limited resources. Moreover, SRST hopes that end users will be able to identify new opportunities to work more holistically to anticipate, avoid, adapt to, withstand, and build back better from acute shocks and chronic stresses with the potential to cause disruption or destruction. To determine if the Grand Pathways Framework met SRST goals, it was piloted to a select group of interagency partners from April to June 2022. The pilot effort focused on obtaining feedback on the usefulness of core Framework principles and to identify areas for future improvements and efforts. Each piloting agency approached the implementation of the Grand Pathways Framework differently. For example, agencies found that the Grand Pathways Framework could be applied to individual program results and after-action reviews, as well as to larger, long-term research and development efforts. Pilot agencies noted the importance of establishing and promulgating a common resilience lexicon to ensure that collaborators at all community levels have the same understanding of critical terms. In addition, the outcome-based approach of the Grand Pathways Framework can focus technology developers on a range of potential solutions. Following the publication of the Grand Pathways Framework, SRST will explore the development of supporting materials. While the Framework is meant to be flexible guidance, rather than a strict set of implementation rules, SRST notes that additional implementation guidance might be useful to facilitate community adoption. In addition, further uses cases could help explore the application of the Grand Pathways Framework to a large range of events to emphasize the distinction between commonly used concepts and terms (e.g., the difference between key functions and outcomes). Along with considering how best to develop supporting implementation guidance, SRST will continue to work with users to collect feedback on the usefulness of the Grand Pathways Framework, help catalog potential use cases to which the Grand Pathways Framework has been applied, and seek to understand the benefit of these Grand Pathways Framework. These stakeholder inputs will inform the development of and the next steps to achieve Resilience Science and Technology Grand Pathways and to develop a Resilience Science and Technology Research and Development plan. If you are interested in piloting the Grand Pathways Framework or would like additional information on the Framework, please contact SRST at SRSTExecSec@ida.org. This was originally published in March 2023 on It has been broken-up into bite sized sections, each with unique headlines and AI-generated lead images, in line with the provisions of whitehouse.gov. Creative Commons 3.0.

Navigating Future Challenges with the Grand Pathways Framework

Students Are Being Labeled "High-Risk" Because of Their Race and Income in Wisconsin

উইসকনসিনে তাদের জাতি এবং আয়ের কারণে ছাত্রদের "উচ্চ-ঝুঁকি" হিসাবে চিহ্নিত করা হচ্ছে

In Wisconsin werden Studenten aufgrund ihrer Rasse und ihres Einkommens als „hochriskant“ eingestuft

Los estudiantes están siendo etiquetados como "de alto riesgo" debido a su raza e ingresos en Wisconsin

Dans le Wisconsin, les étudiants sont qualifiés de « à haut risque » en raison de leur race et de leurs revenus

विस्कॉन्सिन में छात्रों को उनकी जाति और आय के कारण "उच्च जोखिम" का लेबल दिया जा रहा है

ウィスコンシン州で人種と収入を理由に学生が「高リスク」のレッテルを貼られている

위스콘신 주에서는 인종과 소득 때문에 학생들이 "고위험"으로 분류되고 있습니다

Os alunos estão sendo rotulados de “alto risco” por causa de sua raça e renda em Wisconsin

Студентов в Висконсине относят к группе высокого риска из-за их расы и доходов

Wisconsin'de Öğrenciler Irkları ve Gelirleri Nedeniyle "Yüksek Riskli" Olarak Etiketleniyor

Học sinh đang bị gắn mác "Rủi ro cao" vì chủng tộc và thu nhập của họ ở Wisconsin

威斯康星州的学生因种族和收入而被贴上“高风险”标签

I discovered the total revolution that the disasters of Raymond

Phineas Redux by Anthony Trollope, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . THE UNIVERSE. here THE UNIVERSE. Before the House met again the quidnuncs about the clubs, on both sides of the question, had determined that Mr. Gresham's speech, whether good or not as an effort of oratory, would serve its intended purpose. He would be backed by a majority of votes, and it might have been very doubtful whether such would have been the case had he attempted to throw out the Bill on its merits. Mr. Ratler, by the time that prayers had been read, had become almost certain of success. There were very few Liberals in the House who were not anxious to declare by their votes that they had no confidence in Mr. Daubeny. Mr. Turnbull, the great Radical, and, perhaps, some two dozen with him, would support the second reading, declaring that they could not reconcile it with their consciences to record a vote in favour of a union of Church and State. On all such occasions as the present Mr. Turnbull was sure to make himself disagreeable to those who sat near to him in the House. He was a man who thought that so much was demanded of him in order that his independence might be doubted by none. It was nothing to him, he was wont to say, who called himself Prime Minister, or Secretary here, or President there. But then there would be quite as much of this independence on the Conservative as on the Liberal side of the House. Surely there would be more than two dozen gentlemen who would be true enough to the cherished principles of their whole lives to vote against such a Bill as this! It was the fact that there were so very few so true which added such a length to the faces of the country parsons. Six months ago not a country gentleman in England would have listened to such a proposition without loud protests as to its revolutionary wickedness. And now, under the sole pressure of one man's authority, the subject had become so common that men were assured that the thing would be done even though of all things that could be done it were the worst. "It is no good any longer having any opinion upon anything," one parson said to another, as they sat together at their club with their newspapers in their hands. "Nothing frightens any one,—no infidelity, no wickedness, no revolution. All reverence is at an end, and the Holy of Holies is no more even to the worshipper than the threshold of the Temple." Though it became known that the Bill would be lost, what comfort was there in that, when the battle was to be won, not by the chosen Israelites to whom the Church with all its appurtenances ought to be dear, but by a crew of Philistines who would certainly follow the lead of their opponents in destroying the holy structure? On the Friday the debate was continued with much life on the Ministerial side of the House. It was very easy for them to cry Faction! Faction! and hardly necessary for them to do more. A few parrot words had been learned as to the expediency of fitting the great and increasing Church of England to the growing necessity of the age. That the Church of England would still be the Church of England was repeated till weary listeners were sick of the unmeaning words. But the zeal of the combatants was displayed on that other question. Faction was now the avowed weapon of the leaders of the so-called Liberal side of the House, and it was very easy to denounce the new doctrine. Every word that Mr. Gresham had spoken was picked in pieces, and the enormity of his theory was exhibited. He had boldly declared to them that they were to regard men and not measures, and they were to show by their votes whether they were prepared to accept such teaching. The speeches were, of course, made by alternate orators, but the firing from the Conservative benches was on this evening much the louder. It would have seemed that with such an issue between them they might almost have consented to divide after the completion of the two great speeches. The course on which they were to run had been explained to them, and it was not probable that any member's intention as to his running would now be altered by anything that he might hear. Mr. Turnbull's two dozen defaulters were all known, and the two dozen and four true Conservatives were known also. But, nevertheless, a great many members were anxious to speak. It would be the great debate of the Session, and the subject to be handled,—that, namely, of the general merits and demerits of the two political parties,—was wide and very easy. On that night it was past one o'clock when Mr. Turnbull adjourned the House. "I'm afraid we must put you off till Tuesday," Mr. Ratler said on the Sunday afternoon to Phineas Finn. "I have no objection at all, so long as I get a fair place on that day." "There shan't be a doubt about that. Gresham particularly wants you to speak, because you are pledged to a measure of disestablishment. You can insist on his own views,—that even should such a measure be essentially necessary—" "Which I think it is," said Phineas. "Still it should not be accepted from the old Church-and-State party." There was something pleasant in this to Phineas Finn,—something that made him feel for the moment that he had perhaps mistaken the bearing of his friend towards him. "We are sure of a majority, I suppose," he said. "Absolutely sure," said Ratler. "I begin to think it will amount to half a hundred,—perhaps more." "What will Daubeny do?" "Go out. He can't do anything else. His pluck is certainly wonderful, but even with his pluck he can't dissolve again. His Church Bill has given him a six months' run, and six months is something." "Is it true that Grogram is to be Chancellor?" Phineas asked the question, not from any particular solicitude as to the prospects of Sir Gregory Grogram, but because he was anxious to hear whether Mr. Ratler would speak to him with anything of the cordiality of fellowship respecting the new Government. But Mr. Ratler became at once discreet and close, and said that he did not think that anything as yet was known as to the Woolsack. Then Phineas retreated again within his shell, with a certainty that nothing would be done for him. And yet to whom could this question of place be of such vital importance as it was to him? He had come back to his old haunts from Ireland, abandoning altogether the pleasant safety of an assured income, buoyed by the hope of office. He had, after a fashion, made his calculations. In the present disposition of the country it was, he thought, certain that the Liberal party must, for the next twenty years, have longer periods of power than their opponents; and he had thought also that were he in the House, some place would eventually be given to him. He had been in office before, and had been especially successful. He knew that it had been said of him that of the young debutants of latter years he had been the best. He had left his party by opposing them; but he had done so without creating any ill-will among the leaders of his party,—in a manner that had been regarded as highly honourable to him, and on departing had received expressions of deep regret from Mr. Gresham himself. When Barrington Erle had wanted him to return to his old work, his own chief doubt had been about the seat. But he had been bold and had adventured all, and had succeeded. There had been some little trouble about those pledges given at Tankerville, but he would be able to turn them even to the use of his party. It was quite true that nothing had been promised him; but Erle, when he had written, bidding him to come over from Ireland, must have intended him to understand that he would be again enrolled in the favoured regiment, should he be able to show himself as the possessor of a seat in the House. And yet,—yet he felt convinced that when the day should come it would be to him a day of disappointment, and that when the list should appear his name would not be on it. Madame Goesler had suggested to him that Mr. Bonteen might be his enemy, and he had replied by stating that he himself hated Mr. Bonteen. He now remembered that Mr. Bonteen had hardly spoken to him since his return to London, though there had not in fact been any quarrel between them. In this condition of mind he longed to speak openly to Barrington Erle, but he was restrained by a feeling of pride, and a still existing idea that no candidate for office, let his claim be what it might, should ask for a place. On that Sunday evening he saw Bonteen at the club. Men were going in and out with that feverish excitement which always prevails on the eve of a great parliamentary change. A large majority against the Government was considered to be certain; but there was an idea abroad that Mr. Daubeny had some scheme in his head by which to confute the immediate purport of his enemies. There was nothing to which the audacity of the man was not equal. Some said that he would dissolve the House,—which had hardly as yet been six months sitting. Others were of opinion that he would simply resolve not to vacate his place,—thus defying the majority of the House and all the ministerial traditions of the country. Words had fallen from him which made some men certain that such was his intention. That it should succeed ultimately was impossible. The whole country would rise against him. Supplies would be refused. In every detail of Government he would be impeded. But then,—such was the temper of the man,—it was thought that all these horrors would not deter him. There would be a blaze and a confusion, in which timid men would doubt whether the constitution would be burned to tinder or only illuminated; but that blaze and that confusion would be dear to Mr. Daubeny if he could stand as the centre figure,—the great pyrotechnist who did it all, red from head to foot with the glare of the squibs with which his own hands were filling all the spaces. The anticipation that some such display might take place made men busy and eager; so that on that Sunday evening they roamed about from one place of meeting to another, instead of sitting at home with their wives and daughters. There was at this time existing a small club,—so called though unlike other clubs,—which had entitled itself the Universe. The name was supposed to be a joke, as it was limited to ninety-nine members. It was domiciled in one simple and somewhat mean apartment. It was kept open only one hour before and one hour after midnight, and that only on two nights of the week, and that only when Parliament was sitting. Its attractions were not numerous, consisting chiefly of tobacco and tea. The conversation was generally listless and often desultory; and occasionally there would arise the great and terrible evil of a punster whom every one hated but no one had life enough to put down. But the thing had been a success, and men liked to be members of the Universe. Mr. Bonteen was a member, and so was Phineas Finn. On this Sunday evening the club was open, and Phineas, as he entered the room, perceived that his enemy was seated alone on a corner of a sofa. Mr. Bonteen was not a man who loved to be alone in public places, and was apt rather to make one of congregations, affecting popularity, and always at work increasing his influence. But on this occasion his own greatness had probably isolated him. If it were true that he was to be the new Chancellor of the Exchequer,—to ascend from demi-godhead to the perfect divinity of the Cabinet,—and to do so by a leap which would make him high even among first-class gods, it might be well for himself to look to himself and choose new congregations. Or, at least, it would be becoming that he should be chosen now instead of being a chooser. He was one who could weigh to the last ounce the importance of his position, and make most accurate calculations as to the effect of his intimacies. On that very morning Mr. Gresham had suggested to him that in the event of a Liberal Government being formed, he should hold the high office in question. This, perhaps, had not been done in the most flattering manner, as Mr. Gresham had deeply bewailed the loss of Mr. Palliser, and had almost demanded a pledge from Mr. Bonteen that he would walk exactly in Mr. Palliser's footsteps;—but the offer had been made, and could not be retracted; and Mr. Bonteen already felt the warmth of the halo of perfect divinity. There are some men who seem to have been born to be Cabinet Ministers,—dukes mostly, or earls, or the younger sons of such,—who have been trained to it from their very cradles, and of whom we may imagine that they are subject to no special awe when they first enter into that august assembly, and feel but little personal elevation. But to the political aspirant not born in the purple of public life, this entrance upon the counsels of the higher deities must be accompanied by a feeling of supreme triumph, dashed by considerable misgivings. Perhaps Mr. Bonteen was revelling in his triumph;—perhaps he was anticipating his misgivings. Phineas, though disinclined to make any inquiries of a friend which might seem to refer to his own condition, felt no such reluctance in regard to one who certainly could not suspect him of asking a favour. He was presumed to be on terms of intimacy with the man, and he took his seat beside him, asking some question as to the debate. Now Mr. Bonteen had more than once expressed an opinion among his friends that Phineas Finn would throw his party over, and vote with the Government. The Ratlers and Erles and Fitzgibbons all knew that Phineas was safe, but Mr. Bonteen was still in doubt. It suited him to affect something more than doubt on the present occasion. "I wonder that you should ask me," said Mr. Bonteen. "What do you mean by that?" "I presume that you, as usual, will vote against us." "I never voted against my party but once," said Phineas, "and then I did it with the approbation of every man in it for whose good opinion I cared a straw." There was insult in his tone as he said this, and something near akin to insult in his words. "You must do it again now, or break every promise that you made at Tankerville." "Do you know what promise I made at Tankerville? I shall break no promise." "You must allow me to say, Mr. Finn, that the kind of independence which is practised by you and Mr. Monk, grand as it may be on the part of men who avowedly abstain from office, is a little dangerous when it is now and again adopted by men who have taken place. I like to be sure that the men who are in the same boat with me won't take it into their heads that their duty requires them to scuttle the ship." Having so spoken, Mr. Bonteen, with nearly all the grace of a full-fledged Cabinet Minister, rose from his seat on the corner of the sofa and joined a small congregation. Phineas felt that his ears were tingling and that his face was red. He looked round to ascertain from the countenances of others whether they had heard what had been said. Nobody had been close to them, and he thought that the conversation had been unnoticed. He knew now that he had been imprudent in addressing himself to Mr. Bonteen, though the question that he had first asked had been quite commonplace. As it was, the man, he thought, had been determined to affront him, and had made a charge against him which he could not allow to pass unnoticed. And then there was all the additional bitterness in it which arose from the conviction that Bonteen had spoken the opinion of other men as well as his own, and that he had plainly indicated that the gates of the official paradise were to be closed against the presumed offender. Phineas had before believed that it was to be so, but that belief had now become assurance. He got up in his misery to leave the room, but as he did so he met Laurence Fitzgibbon. "You have heard the news about Bonteen?" said Laurence. "What news?" "He's to be pitchforked up to the Exchequer. They say it's quite settled. The higher a monkey climbs—; you know the proverb." So saying Laurence Fitzgibbon passed into the room, and Phineas Finn took his departure in solitude. And so the man with whom he had managed to quarrel utterly was to be one in the Cabinet, a man whose voice would probably be potential in the selection of minor members of the Government. It seemed to him to be almost incredible that such a one as Mr. Bonteen should be chosen for such an office. He had despised almost as soon as he had known Mr. Bonteen, and had rarely heard the future manager of the finance of the country spoken of with either respect or regard. He had regarded Mr. Bonteen as a useful, dull, unscrupulous politician, well accustomed to Parliament, acquainted with the bye-paths and back doors of official life,—and therefore certain of employment when the Liberals were in power; but there was no one in the party he had thought less likely to be selected for high place. And yet this man was to be made Chancellor of the Exchequer, while he, Phineas Finn, very probably at this man's instance, was to be left out in the cold. He knew himself to be superior to the man he hated, to have higher ideas of political life, and to be capable of greater political sacrifices. He himself had sat shoulder to shoulder with many men on the Treasury Bench whose political principles he had not greatly valued; but of none of them had he thought so little as he had done of Mr. Bonteen. And yet this Mr. Bonteen was to be the new Chancellor of the Exchequer! He walked home to his lodgings in Marlborough Street, wretched because of his own failure;—doubly wretched because of the other man's success. He laid awake half the night thinking of the words that had been spoken to him, and after breakfast on the following morning he wrote the following note to his enemy:— House of Commons, 5th April, 18—. Dear Mr. Bonteen, It is matter of extreme regret to me that last night at the Universe I should have asked you some chance question about the coming division. Had I guessed to what it might have led, I should not have addressed you. But as it is I can hardly abstain from noticing what appeared to me to be a personal charge made against myself with a great want of the courtesy which is supposed to prevail among men who have acted together. Had we never done so my original question to you might perhaps have been deemed an impertinence. As it was, you accused me of having been dishonest to my party, and of having "scuttled the ship." On the occasion to which you alluded I acted with much consideration, greatly to the detriment of my own prospects,—and as I believed with the approbation of all who knew anything of the subject. If you will make inquiry of Mr. Gresham, or Lord Cantrip who was then my chief, I think that either will tell you that my conduct on that occasion was not such as to lay me open to reproach. If you will do this, I think that you cannot fail afterwards to express regret for what you said to me last night. Yours sincerely, Phineas Finn. Thos. Bonteen, Esq., M.P. He did not like the letter when he had written it, but he did not know how to improve it, and he sent it. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Anthony Trollope (2006). Phineas Redux. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/18640/pg18640-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Mr. Gresham's speech

All successful IT products were once just ideas. In most cases, brilliant ideas come from people far from software and hardware development. It’s great when enthusiasts with thoughts, dreams, and insights want to improve their businesses, as they know their needs very well. But above all, technical specialists should be able to understand ideas correctly and transform them into a working device or a program. The project development specification helps bring ideas to life in the right way. Why is it crucial to prepare specifications? Who should prepare a spec, and how should one be written? Can we do it without the requirements document? How can one avoid overpaying for the development of a requirement document? Why Do We Need a Specification? A requirement specification for hardware and is a document that defines the requirements for an IT product, including its purpose, functions, behavior, components used, technologies, development tools, and working procedures. software development A project dev specification serves as the guide for business and technical teams involved in IT solution creation. A requirement specification is equally necessary for both the customer and the developer. Being the work of specialists from different fields, a spec is used by the client and contractor throughout the entire development process and after the project is finished. A project dev specification for device design or software development allows customers to get . The cost of sophisticated devices and high-performance apps is hard to estimate offhand. It is necessary to consider a fairly large number of points: labor, components, logistics, certification, and whatnot. A well-written document allows the contractor and the customer to see and evaluate the entire development process and its stages. Thus, the customer will get an idea of the preliminary cost of each work stage. More accurate data is set out in a project estimate. preliminary estimates of the product development cost A specification indicates an approximate . The client and the outsourcing company will not disagree on terms if each period of the project stage is indicated in the document from the very beginning. Hardware and software development terms can be shifted due to various reasons. Some of them, such as components’ waiting times and delivery times, can be foreseen when writing a specification. time frame for the project It will be easier for the customer — an electronic device, application, firmware, or hardware-software system — by comparing it with the description in the requirements specification. That is why the spec should be drawn up competently and as thoroughly as possible. to evaluate the finished solution A well-written project development specification can say a lot about who compiled it. The developers’ thoughtful approach to the preparation of the project, as well as clear and comprehensive information given in a spec shows the company’s service level. the competence and experience of the specialists Joint work can be interrupted or frozen due to certain circumstances: financial and legal constraints, geopolitics, disagreements between business partners, serious logistical problems, etc. With a perfectly crafted specification for IT product development, it is easier for the customer with the outsourcing company or . to return to cooperation to find a new one The requirements document describes the product itself, its purpose and functionality, as well as its development stages, electronic components, and software tools to be used. Thus, both the customer and the developer have a thorough understanding of the future IT solution, which serves as , misunderstandings, and unplanned changes in the product concept. insurance against disagreements Developers’ when they rely on a requirements specification. There is no need to spend time coordinating each step with the client. work gets easier and faster Can We Do It Without a Spec? It’s not so easy to write project dev specifications. Spec preparation requires time and high qualifications and, naturally, costs money. Therefore, trying to save time and money, the customer may choose to prepare in-house specs or not write any requirement documents at all. Is it possible to do without technical specifications? Can a client explain what the product should be in simple words, show a sample, or ask to do it by a template? Any typical project, even a small one, requires a requirements document — a paper that will record all the requirements regarding the product, components, and workflow. This document may not be the project development specification in the classical sense, but you still cannot do without it. When contacting a custom software and hardware development company, the client can provide a document in which his ideas, wishes, and product vision are presented in any form. The client’s competence in design and programming is a big advantage, but the main thing is to explain the client’s wishes for the product as clearly as possible. Based on this explanation, the developer company will create a full-fledged, high-quality requirements specification that will serve as a guideline in subsequent development. How to Write a Spec The technical specification contains subject data and detailed descriptions of the development process. The more difficult the task, the more specialists will be involved in writing the requirements specification, and the more information the finished document will contain. Who Writes a Requirement Document? One can’t use templates and tips from the Internet to create a good specification. Requirements documents for device design and software development are written by specialists who know all the process nuances: work stages, terms, components and technologies required, and the final product characteristics. PMs, developers, and testers contribute their data to the document, building an overall project picture. You can entrust the creation of project development specifications to in-house specialists who know exactly what product you need and can specify the desired functions and characteristics of the device or program in the document. But this often results in double work, a waste of time and money. The requirements document created by the outsourcing company takes into account all the client’s wishes and the contractor’s capabilities (component-specific and language-specific expertise, development experience, etc.). All points of the technical specifications must be agreed upon by the customer and the developer so that the customer receives a product that meets all requirements. What Should Be Included in a Project Dev Specification? Requirements documents are developed for specific projects and, as a rule, are unique. Nevertheless, some points are present in one way or another in all technical specifications for software, hardware, and embedded system development. Terms, Abbreviations, and Definitions The terms used in the text are defined at the beginning of the document. These can be IT concepts (element names, development environments, programming languages, and technical definitions), as well as words and designations from the area for which the IT solution is intended. The more carefully the list of professional words is thought out, the better the contractor and the customer will understand each other. Product Summary This block describes the purpose of the IT solution, the reasons for its creation, and the target audience. Businesses often want to develop an IT product to etc. increase their client base, create a positive image of the company, increase labor productivity, decrease manual labor, This paragraph also contains information about the objectives of the project: it can be . developing a turnkey solution, participating in a separate stage (for example, working on software for a finished hardware platform), or improving an existing product Goals must be specific and clear so that the final product meets the requirements and is helpful to the customer. Project Requirements The requirements for the project are the basis of the specification and its most significant and detailed part. Typically, this block contains the following subsections: define the phases of the development process. General requirements Here is an example of general requirements for developing a hardware and software system for equipment control. Project stages: To develop a controller to manage client devices. The controller must be installed on each device. To create a device control panel using a Linux-based single-board computer. To develop an application for remote control. To integrate the control panel and controller into a single system. To test the system. Subsequent system improvements and modifications *Functional requirements *refer to the IT solution’s functions and behavior. Example: The system should send notifications about equipment failures. The system must control the sensors. The system must transmit data over a radio channel. The system must have an alarm. The system must manage all the device functions. define performance, scalability, maintainability, product security, and other criteria. Non-functional requirements can be presented in several paragraphs and describe work stages, components, and software tools to be used. Requirements for the development process For example, in a project dev specification for a software and hardware complex, you may need a paragraph describing the requirements for the device, communication protocols (MQTT, TCP, etc.), and a user application for managing the device. The statement of determines how to arrange everything related to the project: communication between the customer and the contractor, the main points regarding the quality of the system, device, or software product (continuous operation time, system behavior in an emergency, and whatnot). organization and quality of work *Security issues *may contain requirements for code protection, access control, access rights, etc. In addition to the main points, the spec contains blocks that are individual for each project, for example, roles for access control, interface requirements, and requirements for the device size and appearance. What Is a Good Project Development Specification? What should a quality specification for hardware and software development look like? How many pages do you need — one or fifty? Should you use formal language or technical slang? Do you need pictures or not? First, the project development specification should be written in clear and simple language, as it will be studied not only by technical specialists but also by sales managers and the customer’s team. Of course, you can’t do without technical terms, but you shouldn’t overload the text with them, either. Schemes, drawings, and tables are not compulsory but highly desirable. Graphic elements convey information visually, which many find more comprehensible. The spec size depends on the project’s scale and complexity. The larger the project, the more preparatory documents are needed. The requirements specification for a battery management system, a project that will take several years, cannot be a one-page document. However, it is necessary to strive for a balance of conciseness, clarity, and informativity even when writing technical specifications for large-scale projects. What can go wrong if you don’t pay due attention to specification preparation and study? At the very least, it will cost additional time. At worst, it can cause disagreements between the parties and lead to a product that does not meet the customer’s requirements. We faced such situations. Our customer came up with an idea for a device. But some of its functions could not be implemented together. In the specification document, we described the only possible solution, but, unfortunately, the client didn’t pay attention to it. Needless to say, the result unpleasantly surprised him. To avoid such consequences, the customer should devote time to study the specification, discuss details, and delve into the finished document. It is better to entrust the preparation of technical specifications to professionals — those who will undertake IT solution creation. It doesn’t matter if you don’t have a clear understanding of the development process. You can just come to them with an idea. A competent outsourcing team that deals with custom electronics design and software development can draw up a high-quality specification, discuss all the details with the customer, consider all wishes, and select the most appropriate element base and software tools. A good spec will save time, money, and nerves for both the client and the developer. Typical Mistakes in Specifications It’s crucial to avoid common mistakes when drawing up a requirements document. Let’s take a close look at some slips. No glossary The virtual assistant provides voice interaction, MX Player, Spotify, TuneIn, Audible, Pandora, Hungama, and Ganna playback, and information about EPL, MLB, NBA, NHL, etc. What it was: The virtual assistant provides voice interaction, music playback (MX Player, Spotify, TuneIn, Audible, Pandora, Hungama, and Ganna), and information about sports events (EPL, MLB, NBA, NHL, etc.). What it should be: Music services: MX Player, Spotify, TuneIn, Audible, Pandora, Hungama, Ganna. Abbreviations of sports organizations: EPL: English Premier League MLB: Major League Baseball NBA: National Basketball Association NHL: National Hockey League Unclear wording Since its introduction in 1983, MIDI has developed into a mature standard with a wide range of products and applications. It is a standard that specifies both the hardware connection needed to share the data physically as well as the data protocol for exchanging musical control information. What it was: The MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) format allows you to standardize musical equipment from different manufacturers. What it should be: The protocol provides between devices, music playback, and control of auxiliary equipment (pyrotechnics, lighting, etc.). digital data transfer Too detailed description The GS Format is a set of guidelines created by Roland to standardize the performance of sound-generating equipment. It supports all features listed in the General MIDI System. Additionally, the highly compatible GS Format gives a greater variety of sounds, allows for sound editing, and specifies numerous specifics for a wide range of supplementary features, such as chorus and reverberation effects. What it was: The GS Format was created with the future in mind, making it simple to add additional sounds and support new hardware features as they become available. It may be retrofitted to work with the General MIDI System. As a result, Roland’s GS Format can faithfully play back GM Scores just as well as GS Music Data (music data written using the GS Format). *What it should be: *The GS format is Roland’s extension to the General MIDI standard to unify audio equipment characteristics. It supports all the features listed in the General MIDI System, supplementing the standard with new instruments, effects, and functions. Mixing functional and non-functional requirements The system must maintain the water temperature in the heating tank at no higher than 50°C. What it was: Functional requirements: the system must maintain a user-defined water temperature. What it should be: Non-functional requirements: the water temperature in the heating equipment must not exceed 50°C. Conclusion The development of an — an electronic device, application, embedded software, or IoT system — is preceded by writing a project requirements specification. A spec can be a short document or a lengthy, detailed one, depending on the project’s scale and complexity. IT solution A specification gives an idea of the purpose and functions of the product, the requirements for its development, the stages of work, and the procedure for accepting the completed solution. The requirements document is the result of the teamwork of the project manager, developers, testers, and, of course, the customer. As writing technical specifications is a complex process, it requires deep knowledge and expertise in software and hardware development. People who prepare specifications should be able to navigate the electronic components market, evaluate logistics routes, and present information. The best decision would be to entrust the requirements specification preparation to the outsourcing development company. The crew will take into account its expertise and all the customer’s wishes. In this case, product development will go faster and more comfortably. Also published . here

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Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . A SLEDGE-RIDE here CHAPTER XXIV. A SLEDGE-RIDE Formentera was at once recognized by Servadac and the count as the name of one of the smallest of the Balearic Islands. It was more than probable that the unknown writer had thence sent out the mysterious documents, and from the message just come to hand by the carrier-pigeon, it appeared all but certain that at the beginning of April, a fortnight back, he had still been there. In one important particular the present communication differed from those that had preceded it: it was written entirely in French, and exhibited none of the ecstatic exclamations in other languages that had been remarkable in the two former papers. The concluding line, with its intimation of failing provisions, amounted almost to an appeal for help. Captain Servadac briefly drew attention to these points, and concluded by saying, “My friends, we must, without delay, hasten to the assistance of this unfortunate man.” “For my part,” said the count, “I am quite ready to accompany you; it is not unlikely that he is not alone in his distress.” Lieutenant Procope expressed much surprise. “We must have passed close to Formentera,” he said, “when we explored the site of the Balearic Isles; this fragment must be very small; it must be smaller than the remaining splinter of Gibraltar or Ceuta; otherwise, surely it would never have escaped our observation.” “However small it may be,” replied Servadac, “we must find it. How far off do you suppose it is?” “It must be a hundred and twenty leagues away,” said the lieutenant, thoughtfully; “and I do not quite understand how you would propose to get there.” “Why, on skates of course; no difficulty in that, I should imagine,” answered Servadac, and he appealed to the count for confirmation of his opinion. The count assented, but Procope looked doubtful. “Your enterprise is generous,” he said, “and I should be most unwilling to throw any unnecessary obstacle in the way of its execution; but, pardon me, if I submit to you a few considerations which to my mind are very important. First of all, the thermometer is already down to 22 degrees below zero, and the keen wind from the south is making the temperature absolutely unendurable; in the second place, supposing you travel at the rate of twenty leagues a day, you would be exposed for at least six consecutive days; and thirdly, your expedition will be of small avail unless you convey provisions not only for yourselves, but for those whom you hope to relieve.” “We can carry our own provisions on our backs in knapsacks,” interposed Servadac, quickly, unwilling to recognize any difficulty in the way. “Granted that you can,” answered the lieutenant, quietly; “but where, on this level ice-field, will you find shelter in your periods of rest? You must perish with cold; you will not have the chance of digging out ice-huts like the Esquimaux.” “As to rest,” said Servadac, “we shall take none; we shall keep on our way continuously; by traveling day and night without intermission, we shall not be more than three days in reaching Formentera.” “Believe me,” persisted the lieutenant, calmly, “your enthusiasm is carrying you too far; the feat you propose is impossible; but even conceding the possibility of your success in reaching your destination, what service do you imagine that you, half-starved and half-frozen yourself, could render to those who are already perishing by want and exposure? you would only bring them away to die.” The obvious and dispassionate reasoning of the lieutenant could not fail to impress the minds of those who listened to him; the impracticability of the journey became more and more apparent; unprotected on that drear expanse, any traveler must assuredly succumb to the snow-drifts that were continually being whirled across it. But Hector Servadac, animated by the generous desire of rescuing a suffering fellow-creature, could scarcely be brought within the bounds of common sense. Against his better judgment he was still bent upon the expedition, and Ben Zoof declared himself ready to accompany his master in the event of Count Timascheff hesitating to encounter the peril which the undertaking involved. But the count entirely repudiated all idea of shrinking from what, quite as much as the captain, he regarded as a sacred duty, and turning to Lieutenant Procope, told him that unless some better plan could be devised, he was prepared to start off at once and make the attempt to skate across to Formentera. The lieutenant, who was lost in thought, made no immediate reply. “I wish we had a sledge,” said Ben Zoof. “I dare say that a sledge of some sort could be contrived,” said the count; “but then we should have no dogs or reindeers to draw it.” “Why not rough-shoe the two horses?” “They would never be able to endure the cold,” objected the count. “Never mind,” said Servadac, “let us get our sledge and put them to the test. Something must be done!” “I think,” said Lieutenant Procope, breaking his thoughtful silence, “that I can tell you of a sledge already provided for your hand, and I can suggest a motive power surer and swifter than horses.” “What do you mean?” was the eager inquiry. “I mean the ’s yawl,” answered the lieutenant; “and I have no doubt that the wind would carry her rapidly along the ice.” Dobryna The idea seemed admirable. Lieutenant Procope was well aware to what marvelous perfection the Americans had brought their sail-sledges, and had heard how in the vast prairies of the United States they had been known to outvie the speed of an express train, occasionally attaining a rate of more than a hundred miles an hour. The wind was still blowing hard from the south, and assuming that the yawl could be propelled with a velocity of about fifteen or at least twelve leagues an hour, he reckoned that it was quite possible to reach Formentera within twelve hours, that is to say, in a single day between the intervals of sunrise and sunrise. The yawl was about twelve feet long, and capable of holding five or six people. The addition of a couple of iron runners would be all that was requisite to convert it into an excellent sledge, which, if a sail were hoisted, might be deemed certain to make a rapid progress over the smooth surface of the ice. For the protection of the passengers it was proposed to erect a kind of wooden roof lined with strong cloth; beneath this could be packed a supply of provisions, some warm furs, some cordials, and a portable stove to be heated by spirits of wine. For the outward journey the wind was as favorable as could be desired; but it was to be apprehended that, unless the direction of the wind should change, the return would be a matter of some difficulty; a system of tacking might be carried out to a certain degree, but it was not likely that the yawl would answer her helm in any way corresponding to what would occur in the open sea. Captain Servadac, however, would not listen to any representation of probable difficulties; the future, he said, must provide for itself. The engineer and several of the sailors set vigorously to work, and before the close of the day the yawl was furnished with a pair of stout iron runners, curved upwards in front, and fitted with a metal scull designed to assist in maintaining the directness of her course; the roof was put on, and beneath it were stored the provisions, the wraps, and the cooking utensils. A strong desire was expressed by Lieutenant Procope that he should be allowed to accompany Captain Servadac instead of Count Timascheff. It was unadvisable for all three of them to go, as, in case of there being several persons to be rescued, the space at their command would be quite inadequate. The lieutenant urged that he was the most experienced seaman, and as such was best qualified to take command of the sledge and the management of the sails; and as it was not to be expected that Servadac would resign his intention of going in person to relieve his fellow-countryman, Procope submitted his own wishes to the count. The count was himself very anxious to have his share in the philanthropic enterprise, and demurred considerably to the proposal; he yielded, however, after a time, to Servadac’s representations that in the event of the expedition proving disastrous, the little colony would need his services alike as governor and protector, and overcoming his reluctance to be left out of the perilous adventure, was prevailed upon to remain behind for the general good of the community at Nina’s Hive. At sunrise on the following morning, the 16th of April, Captain Servadac and the lieutenant took their places in the yawl. The thermometer was more than 20 degrees below zero, and it was with deep emotion that their companions beheld them thus embarking upon the vast white plain. Ben Zoof’s heart was too full for words; Count Timascheff could not forbear pressing his two brave friends to his bosom; the Spaniards and the Russian sailors crowded round for a farewell shake of the hand, and little Nina, her great eyes flooded with tears, held up her face for a parting kiss. The sad scene was not permitted to be long. The sail was quickly hoisted, and the sledge, just as if it had expanded a huge white wing, was in a little while carried far away beyond the horizon. Light and unimpeded, the yawl scudded on with incredible speed. Two sails, a brigantine and a jib, were arranged to catch the wind to the greatest advantage, and the travelers estimated that their progress would be little under the rate of twelve leagues an hour. The motion of their novel vehicle was singularly gentle, the oscillation being less than that of an ordinary railway-carriage, while the diminished force of gravity contributed to the swiftness. Except that the clouds of ice-dust raised by the metal runners were an evidence that they had not actually left the level surface of the ice, the captain and lieutenant might again and again have imagined that they were being conveyed through the air in a balloon. Lieutenant Procope, with his head all muffled up for fear of frost-bite, took an occasional peep through an aperture that had been intentionally left in the roof, and by the help of a compass, maintained a proper and straight course for Formentera. Nothing could be more dejected than the aspect of that frozen sea; not a single living creature relieved the solitude; both the travelers, Procope from a scientific point of view, Servadac from an aesthetic, were alike impressed by the solemnity of the scene, and where the lengthened shadow of the sail cast upon the ice by the oblique rays of the setting sun had disappeared, and day had given place to night, the two men, drawn together as by an involuntary impulse, mutually held each other’s hands in silence. There had been a new moon on the previous evening; but, in the absence of moonlight, the constellations shone with remarkable brilliancy. The new pole-star close upon the horizon was resplendent, and even had Lieutenant Procope been destitute of a compass, he would have had no difficulty in holding his course by the guidance of that alone. However great was the distance that separated Gallia from the sun, it was after all manifestly insignificant in comparison with the remoteness of the nearest of the fixed stars. Observing that Servadac was completely absorbed in his own thoughts, Lieutenant Procope had leisure to contemplate some of the present perplexing problems, and to ponder over the true astronomical position. The last of the three mysterious documents had represented that Gallia, in conformity with Kepler’s second law, had traveled along her orbit during the month of March twenty millions of leagues less than she had done in the previous month; yet, in the same time, her distance from the sun had nevertheless been increased by thirty-two millions of leagues. She was now, therefore, in the center of the zone of telescopic planets that revolve between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, and had captured for herself a satellite which, according to the document, was Nerina, one of the asteroids most recently identified. If thus, then, it was within the power of the unknown writer to estimate with such apparent certainty Gallia’s exact position, was it not likely that his mathematical calculations would enable him to arrive at some definite conclusion as to the date at which she would begin again to approach the sun? Nay, was it not to be expected that he had already estimated, with sufficient approximation to truth, what was to be the true length of the Gallian year? So intently had they each separately been following their own train of thought, that daylight reappeared almost before the travelers were aware of it. On consulting their instruments, they found that they must have traveled close upon a hundred leagues since they started, and they resolved to slacken their speed. The sails were accordingly taken in a little, and in spite of the intensity of the cold, the explorers ventured out of their shelter, in order that they might reconnoiter the plain, which was apparently as boundless as ever. It was completely desert; not so much as a single point of rock relieved the bare uniformity of its surface. “Are we not considerably to the west of Formentera?” asked Servadac, after examining the chart. “Most likely,” replied Procope. “I have taken the same course as I should have done at sea, and I have kept some distance to windward of the island; we can bear straight down upon it whenever we like.” “Bear down then, now; and as quickly as you can.” The yawl was at once put with her head to the northeast and Captain Servadac, in defiance of the icy blast, remained standing at the bow, his gaze fixed on the horizon. All at once his eye brightened. “Look! look!” he exclaimed, pointing to a faint outline that broke the monotony of the circle that divided the plain from the sky. In an instant the lieutenant had seized his telescope. “I see what you mean,” said he; “it is a pylone that has been used for some geodesic survey.” The next moment the sail was filled, and the yawl was bearing down upon the object with inconceivable swiftness, both Captain Servadac and the lieutenant too excited to utter a word. Mile after mile the distance rapidly grew less, and as they drew nearer the pylone they could see that it was erected on a low mass of rocks that was the sole interruption to the dull level of the field of ice. No wreath of smoke rose above the little island; it was manifestly impossible, they conceived, that any human being could there have survived the cold; the sad presentiment forced itself upon their minds that it was a mere cairn to which they had been hurrying. Ten minutes later, and they were so near the rock that the lieutenant took in his sail, convinced that the impetus already attained would be sufficient to carry him to the land. Servadac’s heart bounded as he caught sight of a fragment of blue canvas fluttering in the wind from the top of the pylone: it was all that now remained of the French national standard. At the foot of the pylone stood a miserable shed, its shutters tightly closed. No other habitation was to be seen; the entire island was less than a quarter of a mile in circumference; and the conclusion was irresistible that it was the sole surviving remnant of Formentera, once a member of the Balearic Archipelago. To leap on shore, to clamber over the slippery stones, and to reach the cabin was but the work of a few moments. The worm-eaten door was bolted on the inside. Servadac began to knock with all his might. No answer. Neither shouting nor knocking could draw forth a reply. “Let us force it open, Procope!” he said. The two men put their shoulders to the door, which soon yielded to their vigorous efforts, and they found themselves inside the shed, and in almost total darkness. By opening a shutter they admitted what daylight they could. At first sight the wretched place seemed to be deserted; the little grate contained the ashes of a fire long since extinguished; all looked black and desolate. Another instant’s investigation, however, revealed a bed in the extreme corner, and extended on the bed a human form. “Dead!” sighed Servadac; “dead of cold and hunger!” Lieutenant Procope bent down and anxiously contemplated the body. “No; he is alive!” he said, and drawing a small flask from his pocket he poured a few drops of brandy between the lips of the senseless man. There was a faint sigh, followed by a feeble voice, which uttered the one word, “Gallia?” “Yes, yes! Gallia!” echoed Servadac, eagerly. “My comet, my comet!” said the voice, so low as to be almost inaudible, and the unfortunate man relapsed again into unconsciousness. “Where have I seen this man?” thought Servadac to himself; “his face is strangely familiar to me.” But it was no time for deliberation. Not a moment was to be lost in getting the unconscious astronomer away from his desolate quarters. He was soon conveyed to the yawl; his books, his scanty wardrobe, his papers, his instruments, and the blackboard which had served for his calculations, were quickly collected; the wind, by a fortuitous Providence, had shifted into a favorable quarter; they set their sail with all speed, and ere long were on their journey back from Formentera. Thirty-six hours later, the brave travelers were greeted by the acclamations of their fellow-colonists, who had been most anxiously awaiting their reappearance, and the still senseless , who had neither opened his eyes nor spoken a word throughout the journey, was safely deposited in the warmth and security of the great hall of Nina’s Hive. savant END OF FIRST BOOK About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1998). Off on a Comet! a Journey through Planetary Space. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1353/pg1353-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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