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Postal

The Romance of Modern Mechanism by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CHAPTER XXIII here AN ELECTRIC POSTAL SYSTEM Far swifter than the movements of air are those of the electric current, which travels many thousands of miles in a second of time. Thirty miles an hour is the speed proposed for the pneumatic tube system mentioned in our last chapter. An Italian, Count Roberto Taeggi Piscicelli, has elaborated an electric post which, if realised, will make such a velocity as that seem very slow motion indeed. Cable railways, for the transmission of minerals, are in very common use all over the world. At Hong-Kong and elsewhere they do good service for the transport of human beings. The car or truck is hauled along a stout steel cable, supported at intervals on strong poles of wood or metal, by an endless rope wound off and on to a steam-driven drum at one end of the line, or motion is imparted to it by a motor, which picks up current as it goes from the cable itself and other wires with which contact is made. Count Piscicelli's electric post is an adaptation of the electric cableway to the needs of parcel and letter distribution. At present the mail service between towns is entirely dependent on the railway for considerable distances, and on motors and horsed vehicles in cases where only a comparatively few miles intervene. London and Birmingham, to take an instance, are served by seven despatches each way every twenty-four hours. A letter sent from London in the morning would, under the most favourable conditions, not bring an answer the same day—at least, not during business hours. So that urgent correspondence must be conducted over either the telephone or the telegraph wires. Count Piscicelli proposes a network of light cableways—four lines on a single set of supports—between the great towns of Britain. Each line—or rather track—consists of four wires, two above and two below, each pair on the same level. The upper pair form the run-way for the two main wheels of the carrier; the lower pair are for the trailing wheels. Three of the wires supply the three-phase current which drives the carrier; the fourth operates the automatic switches installed every three or four miles for transforming the high-tension 5,000-volt current into low-tension 500-volt current in the section just being entered. The carriers would be suitable for letters, book-parcels, and light packages. The speed at which they would move—150 miles per hour to begin with—would render possible a ten-minute service between, say, the towns already mentioned. The inventor has hopes of increasing the speed to 250 m.p.h., a velocity which would appear visionary had we not already before us the fact that an electric car, weighing many tons, has already been sent over the Berlin-Zossen Railway at 13112 miles per hour. At any rate, the electric post can reasonably be expected to outstrip the ordinary express train. "Should such speeds as Count Piscicelli confidently discusses," says The World's Work, "be attained, they would undoubtedly confer immense benefits upon the mercantile and agricultural community—upon the agricultural community because in this system is to be found that avenue of transmission to big centres of population of the products of , in which Mr. Rider Haggard, for example, in his invaluable book on Rural England, sees help for the farmer and for all connected with the cultivation of the soil. Count Piscicelli proposes to obviate the delays at despatching and receiving towns by an inter-urban postal system, in which the principal offices of any city would be connected with the head-office and with the principal railway termini. From each of the sub-offices would radiate further lines, along which post-collecting pillars are erected, and over which lighter motors and collecting boxes (similar to the despatch boxes) travel. The letter is put in through a slot and the stamp cancelled by an automatic apparatus with the name of the district, number of the post, and time of posting. The letter then falls into a box at the foot of the column. On the approach of a collecting-box the letter slot would be closed, and by means of an electric motor the receptacle containing the letters lifted to the top of the column and its contents deposited in the collecting-box, which travels alone past other post-collecting poles, taking from each its toll, and so on to the district office. Here, in a mercantile centre, a first sorting takes place, local letters being retained for distribution by postmen, and other boxes carry their respective loads to the different railway termini, or central office." la petite culture Were such an order of things established, there would be a good excuse for the old country woman who sat watching the telegraph wire for the passage of a pair of boots she was sending to her son in far away "Lunnon"! About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2014). The Romance of Modern Mechanism. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46094/pg46094-images.html. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

AN ELECTRIC POSTAL SYSTEM

THE AMERICAN POSTAL TREATY—THE QUESTION OF COPYRIGHT WITH AMERICA—FOUR MORE NOVELS.

For most managers, it is possible to have weekly meetings to bang out issues and team-building exercises to create harmony, but as a remote manager, this is not possible, and the lack thereof can be über-frustrating at times. Being Managing Editor of a remote editorial team, I have around 26 people from seven different countries writing for various magazines every day. They are from different cultures, climates, and more importantly, time zones, making meaningful communication a real challenge. And saying good morning in seven different dialects is not what I mean; it’s trying to implement editorial changes or policy adjustments and making sure the entire team is on board and on the same page, even though they respond to messages over a 24-hour period. Chatting informally around a water-cooler, or at an after-hours unwind session where everyone can relax and make human connections over a barbecue, can do wonders for team spirit and open dialogue for discussing most issues. Not so with my group of merry men (and women!). The only members of our writing staff who have actually met each other are the ones who referred someone to work with us. We rely on such referrals as the applicant usually applies after job shadowing the team member and finding out exactly what the job entails. Anyone who has ever gotten into an unintentional online debate will understand how much can be lost through miscommunication and tone. Now imagine trying to manage staff online and the stumbling blocks that arise when trying to put across a professional opinion about their work. Instead of annual appraisal interviews conducted face-to-face where everyone can recognize tone and misunderstandings are uncommon, I do monthly evaluations where staff get to read and overthink my comments, often at a time when I’m asleep. How fun does that sound? Not a week goes past that I don’t wake up to an essay from amazing places I would love to visit like the Philippines, Nepal, Nigeria, Ukraine, or Mexico. And every day, I am forced to remind staff to check messages in our group chat for changes or updates to style and policy. It’s a never-ending cycle. Since it is not possible to ensure that everyone is doing what they say they are, therein lies another problem for a Manager answerable for a team they’ve never met – expecting everyone to be responsible and professional about their work. The answer for me lies in , and the biggest factor I find is creating trust between all the parties concerned so that I am kept in the loop with anything that might affect productivity. humanizing remote workers instead of expecting automatons who do everything on command Many remote workers have more than one job, just like non-remote workers, let’s be honest. The only difference is that remote workers have the freedom to occasionally disappear from their full-time job to do freelance work, which means they can have trouble sticking to deadlines. That is why managing such an eclectic team requires open dialogue and listening to each team member’s story. As their team leader, I make it a point to know about my writers’ families, their ongoing studies, who they care about, and what makes them tick. One of the biggest gaps I noticed when becoming a remote worker was the lack of team spirit among everyone. I started such voluntary exercises as Secret Santa and Meet The Team to introduce people working on the same project and create a more informal and friendly working ‘environment.’ Knowing our writers gives me an insight into who they are and where their priorities lie, so I can have compassion instead of being annoyed when they are late or miss a deadline. Because life happens, and our writers are only human. I also have the privilege of using my insider information to know where writers would be better suited so we can move them around to work shifts and pages that best align with their time zones, personal lives, families, and studies. Understanding each other through online communication alone takes a lot of getting used to, and just like any other online relationship, it takes work to keep all the parties happy. And keeping the team content and productive is the basis of my job, besides the obvious Editorial stuff. So while the situation might be frustrating in a lot of ways, I believe I have made some inroads into working with individuals in other parts of the world without going absolutely postal at communication, delays, and seeming irresponsibility. And if I can do it from any café, coffee shop, and my home office aka bed in South Africa, so can you! Good luck!

How to Manage a Remote Team Without Going Postal

Authors:
(1) Tinhinane Medjkoune, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG France;
(2) Oana Goga, LIX, CNRS, Inria, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris France;
(3) Juliette Senechal, Université de Lille, CRDP, DReDIS-IRJS France. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Background Legislation on Advertising to Children Mechanisms for Targeting Children Usage of Placement-Based Targeting Limitations Related Works Conclusion, Acknowledgements and References Appendix 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 Advertising on YouTube Google provides seven broad categories of targeting for advertising on YouTube [33]: • Location-based: Advertisers can specify the country, city, postal codes, or a radius as small as 1 km around an address. • Demographic-based: Advertisers can select over 440 combinations of demographic groups based on gender, age, parental status, and household income. • Behavioral or interest-based: Advertisers can select people with particular interests (such as technology), habits (such as Cinema enthusiasts), or Market Audience and Life Events. • Re-targeting: Re-targeting allows advertisers to reach on YouTube, the users that visited their websites or application (outside Google or YouTube). Advertisers can also upload a CSV file that contains the contact information (e.g., emails, phone numbers, physical addresses) of the users they want to reach. This data is typically collected through loyalty cards. • Keyword-based: Advertisers can specify a list of keywords, and their ads will appear when users search for the particular keywords on YouTube. • Theme-based: This allows advertisers to place their ads on videos related to a specific topic. There are over 26 proposed topics ranging from real estate to art. • Placement-based: This targeting category is the most interesting to our study. Google allows advertisers to specify precisely on which YouTube channels or videos they wish their ads to appear on (see Figure 1). For example, an advertiser can specify their ad should only appear on the "Food Court: France Edition" video. Both theme-based advertising and placement-based advertising are two forms of contextual-based advertising, as the targeting is based only on information related to the content and not the user. For placement-based targeting, the advertiser specifies precisely the placement of the ad; hence, the ad will then appear only on the specific videos selected by the advertiser. For theme-based targeting, the advertiser just specifies the theme, and the ad platform decides what videos are related to the theme selected by the advertiser. Demographic, behavioral, interest-based as well as re-targeting are forms of profiling-based advertising, as the targeting is based on information gathered on the (historical) activity of the user. This targeting is also sometimes called personalized advertising. These targeting categories can be combined when placing an ad. In addition, advertisers can set the language, the time when to broadcast the ad and the devices used by the users they want to reach. Google imposes a minimum reach requirement, and ads will not be delivered if Google estimates they have an audience of less than 1000 users. Finally, Google proposes an “audience expansion” feature that gives Google the power to expand the targeting to additional relevant audiences [29]. Google supports different ad formats: (1) in-stream video ads – which appear before, during, or after a YouTube video watched on YouTube or the Display Network. The Display Network is made of applications on mobile phones or websites that partner with Google to serve their ads. A video ad can be skippable or not, depending on the parameters chosen by the advertiser. (2) floating banner ad– which is an image banner shown on top of the video watched for several seconds. And (3) video discovery ads–that can appear on the YouTube search results page, alongside related videos, or on the YouTube homepage. Transparency All ads are marked with an "Ad" disclaimer. When users are watching an ad, they can click on “Why you’re seeing this ad” to learn what parameters and data were used to target the ad. Figure 4 (appendix) shows a screenshot of such an ad explanation 2.2 Advertising on YouTube Kids YouTube Kids is a video streaming platform that only contains video content curated for children [37]. While YouTube Kids is widely adopted, still more parents say they are using YouTube to let their children watch videos [45]. Videos that are on YouTube Kids are curated from YouTube according to three age categories: (1) The very young: 4 years old and under; (2) The little ones: 5- 8 years old; (3) The older ones 9-12 years old. The selection is made through a combination of algorithmic detection and manual review [36]. YouTube Kids is “invitation only”, and creators cannot request to participate. Whenever a video exists on the two platforms, YouTube proposes a redirection link to YouTube Kids (see Figure 2 in appendix). In YouTube Kids, advertising is possible, but the total number of ads delivered is limited. All YouTube Kids Paid Ads must be pre-approved by YouTube’s policy team before being served in the YouTube Kids app. Ads have to follow strict creative guidelines, and many products are prohibited from being advertised, such as food and beauty products [31]. Advertisers cannot instruct Google to show their ads on YouTube Kids–the platform itself curates ads and whitelists them for being shown in YouTube Kids. Moreover, it is not possible to send interest-based ads, it is forbidden to use remarking and tracking pixels, and ads are not allowed to redirect to websites or product purchase paths [31]. Transparency Before being shown an ad, children are presented with a short intro video explaining that what comes next is an ad. In addition, the video ad is marked with an "Ad" disclaimer. On YouTube Kids, there is no equivalent to the “Why you’re seeing this ad” button; hence, there is no way, to our knowledge, to know the precise reasons and parameters why an ad has been shown. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Tinhinane Medjkoune, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG France; (2) Oana Goga, LIX, CNRS, Inria, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris France; (3) Juliette Senechal, Université de Lille, CRDP, DReDIS-IRJS France. Authors: Authors: (1) Tinhinane Medjkoune, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG France; (2) Oana Goga, LIX, CNRS, Inria, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris France; (3) Juliette Senechal, Université de Lille, CRDP, DReDIS-IRJS France. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Background Background Legislation on Advertising to Children Legislation on Advertising to Children Mechanisms for Targeting Children Mechanisms for Targeting Children Usage of Placement-Based Targeting Usage of Placement-Based Targeting Limitations Limitations Related Works Related Works Conclusion, Acknowledgements and References Conclusion, Acknowledgements and References Appendix Appendix 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 Advertising on YouTube Google provides seven broad categories of targeting for advertising on YouTube [33]: • Location-based: Advertisers can specify the country, city, postal codes, or a radius as small as 1 km around an address. • Location-based: • Demographic-based: Advertisers can select over 440 combinations of demographic groups based on gender, age, parental status, and household income. • Demographic-based: • Behavioral or interest-based: Advertisers can select people with particular interests (such as technology), habits (such as Cinema enthusiasts), or Market Audience and Life Events. • Behavioral or interest-based: • Re-targeting: Re-targeting allows advertisers to reach on YouTube, the users that visited their websites or application (outside Google or YouTube). Advertisers can also upload a CSV file that contains the contact information (e.g., emails, phone numbers, physical addresses) of the users they want to reach. This data is typically collected through loyalty cards. • Re-targeting: • Keyword-based: Advertisers can specify a list of keywords, and their ads will appear when users search for the particular keywords on YouTube. • Keyword-based: • Theme-based: This allows advertisers to place their ads on videos related to a specific topic. There are over 26 proposed topics ranging from real estate to art. • Theme-based: • Placement-based : This targeting category is the most interesting to our study. Google allows advertisers to specify precisely on which YouTube channels or videos they wish their ads to appear on (see Figure 1). For example, an advertiser can specify their ad should only appear on the "Food Court: France Edition" video. • Placement-based Both theme-based advertising and placement-based advertising are two forms of contextual-based advertising , as the targeting is based only on information related to the content and not the user. For placement-based targeting, the advertiser specifies precisely the placement of the ad; hence, the ad will then appear only on the specific videos selected by the advertiser. For theme-based targeting, the advertiser just specifies the theme, and the ad platform decides what videos are related to the theme selected by the advertiser. theme-based advertising placement-based advertising contextual-based advertising Demographic, behavioral, interest-based as well as re-targeting are forms of profiling-based advertising , as the targeting is based on information gathered on the (historical) activity of the user. This targeting is also sometimes called personalized advertising. Demographic, behavioral, interest-based re-targeting profiling-based advertising personalized advertising. These targeting categories can be combined when placing an ad. In addition, advertisers can set the language, the time when to broadcast the ad and the devices used by the users they want to reach. Google imposes a minimum reach requirement, and ads will not be delivered if Google estimates they have an audience of less than 1000 users. Finally, Google proposes an “audience expansion” feature that gives Google the power to expand the targeting to additional relevant audiences [29]. Google supports different ad formats: (1) in-stream video ads – which appear before, during, or after a YouTube video watched on YouTube or the Display Network. The Display Network is made of applications on mobile phones or websites that partner with Google to serve their ads. A video ad can be skippable or not, depending on the parameters chosen by the advertiser. (2) floating banner ad– which is an image banner shown on top of the video watched for several seconds. And (3) video discovery ads–that can appear on the YouTube search results page, alongside related videos, or on the YouTube homepage. Transparency All ads are marked with an "Ad" disclaimer. When users are watching an ad, they can click on “Why you’re seeing this ad” to learn what parameters and data were used to target the ad. Figure 4 (appendix) shows a screenshot of such an ad explanation Transparency 2.2 Advertising on YouTube Kids YouTube Kids is a video streaming platform that only contains video content curated for children [37]. While YouTube Kids is widely adopted, still more parents say they are using YouTube to let their children watch videos [45]. Videos that are on YouTube Kids are curated from YouTube according to three age categories: (1) The very young: 4 years old and under; (2) The little ones: 5- 8 years old; (3) The older ones 9-12 years old. The selection is made through a combination of algorithmic detection and manual review [36]. YouTube Kids is “invitation only”, and creators cannot request to participate. Whenever a video exists on the two platforms, YouTube proposes a redirection link to YouTube Kids (see Figure 2 in appendix). In YouTube Kids, advertising is possible, but the total number of ads delivered is limited. All YouTube Kids Paid Ads must be pre-approved by YouTube’s policy team before being served in the YouTube Kids app. Ads have to follow strict creative guidelines, and many products are prohibited from being advertised, such as food and beauty products [31]. Advertisers cannot instruct Google to show their ads on YouTube Kids–the platform itself curates ads and whitelists them for being shown in YouTube Kids. Moreover, it is not possible to send interest-based ads, it is forbidden to use remarking and tracking pixels, and ads are not allowed to redirect to websites or product purchase paths [31]. Transparency Before being shown an ad, children are presented with a short intro video explaining that what comes next is an ad. In addition, the video ad is marked with an "Ad" disclaimer. On YouTube Kids, there is no equivalent to the “Why you’re seeing this ad” button; hence, there is no way, to our knowledge, to know the precise reasons and parameters why an ad has been shown. Transparency This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

How Advertisers Reach YouTube's Young Audience

How Non-PII Data Can Deanonymize Users

Analysis and Implementation of Nanotargeting on LinkedIn Based on Publicly Available Non-Pii

সর্বজনীনভাবে উপলব্ধ নন-পিআই-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে লিঙ্কডইনে ন্যানোটার্গেটিং বিশ্লেষণ এবং বাস্তবায়ন

Analyse und Implementierung von Nanotargeting auf LinkedIn basierend auf öffentlich verfügbaren Nicht-PII

Análisis e implementación de nanotargeting en LinkedIn basado en Non-Pii disponible públicamente

Analyse et mise en œuvre du nanociblage sur LinkedIn basé sur des non-Pii accessibles au public

सार्वजनिक रूप से उपलब्ध गैर-पीआईआई के आधार पर लिंक्डइन पर नैनोटार्गेटिंग का विश्लेषण और कार्यान्वयन

公開されている非個人情報に基づく LinkedIn でのナノターゲティングの分析と実装

공개적으로 사용 가능한 Non-Pii를 기반으로 LinkedIn의 나노 타겟팅 분석 및 구현

Análise e implementação de Nanotargeting no LinkedIn com base em não-PII disponíveis publicamente

Анализ и реализация нанотаргетинга в LinkedIn на основе общедоступных не-Pii

LinkedIn'de Kamuya Açık Olmayan Pii'lere Dayalı Nano Hedeflemenin Analizi ve Uygulanması

Phân tích và triển khai nhắm mục tiêu nano trên LinkedIn dựa trên Non-Pii có sẵn công khai

基于公开的非PII的LinkedIn纳米定位分析与实现

Authors:
(1) Nicholas Farn, Microsoft Corporation {Microsoft Corporation {nifarn@microsoft.com};
(2) Richard Shin, Microsoft Corporation {eush@microsoft.com}. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Dataset Design Evaluation Methodology Experiments and Analysis Related Work Conclusion, Reproducibility, and References A. Complete list of tools B. Scenario Prompt C. Unrealistic Queries D. Nuances comparing prior work A COMPLETE LIST OF TOOLS We include the complete list of plugins and tools used in ToolTalk, and their corresponding descriptions. AccountTools This API contains tools for account management. • ChangePassword Changes the password of an account. • DeleteAccount Deletes a user’s account, requires user to be logged in. • GetAccountInformation Retrieves account information of logged in user. • LogoutUser Logs user out. • QueryUser Finds users given a username or email. • RegisterUser Register a new user. • ResetPassword Resets the password of a user using a verification code. • SendVerificationCode Initiates a password reset for a user by sending a verification code to a backup email. • UpdateAccountInformation Updates account information of a user. • UserLogin Logs in a user. Alarm This API contains tools for managing alarms. • AddAlarm Sets an alarm for a specific time. • DeleteAlarm Removes an alarm given an alarm id. • FindAlarms Finds alarms a user has set. Calendar This API lets a users manage events in their calendar. • CreateEvent Adds events to a user’s calendar. • DeleteEvent Deletes events from a user’s calendar. • ModifyEvent Allows modification of an existing event. • QueryCalendar Queries for events that occur in a time range. Email This API lets a user search and send emails. • SearchInbox Searches for emails matching filters returning 5 most recent results. • SendEmail Sends an email on behalf of a given user. Message This API lets a user search and send messages. • SearchMessages Searches messages matching filters returning 5 most recent results. • SendMessage Sends a message to another user. Reminder A suite of APIs for managing reminders for a TODO list. • AddReminder Add a reminder with an optional due date. • CompleteReminder Complete a reminder. • DeleteReminder Delete a reminder. • GetReminders Get a list of reminders. Weather Get weather information of a location. • CurrentWeather Get the current weather of a location. • ForecastWeather Get the 3-day weather forecast of a location. • HistoricWeather Get historic weather information of a location by month. B SCENARIO PROMPT Task You will be provided with a list of APIs. These APIs will have a description and a list of parameters and return types for each tool. Your task involves creating 3 varied, complex, and detailed user scenarios that require at least 5 API calls to complete involving at least 3 different APIs. One of these APIs will be explicitly provided and the other two will be chosen by you. For instance, given the APIs: SearchHotels, BookHotel, CancelBooking, GetNFLNews. Given that GetNFLNews is explicitly provided, your scenario should articulate something akin to: "The user wants to see if the Broncos won their last game (GetNFLNews). They then want to see if that qualifies them for the playoffs and who they will be playing against (GetNFLNews). The Broncos did make it into the playoffs, so the user wants watch the game in person. They want to look for hotels where the playoffs are occurring (GetNBANews + SearchHotels). After looking at the options, the user chooses to book a 3-day stay at the cheapest 4-star option (BookHotel)." This scenario exemplifies a scenario using 5 API calls. The scenario is complex, detailed, and concise as desired. The scenario also includes two APIs used in tandem, the required API, GetNBANews to search for the playoffs location and SearchHotels to find hotels based on the returned location. Usage of multiple APIs in tandem is highly desirable and will receive a higher score. Ideally each scenario should contain one or more instances of multiple APIs being used in tandem. Note that this scenario does not use all the APIs given and re-uses the " GetNBANews" API. Re-using APIs is allowed, but each scenario should involve at least 3 different APIs. Note that API usage is also included in the scenario, but exact parameters are not necessary. You must use a different combination of APIs for each scenario. All APIs must be used in at least one scenario. You can only use the APIs provided in the APIs section. Note that API calls are not explicitly mentioned and their uses are included in parentheses. This behaviour should be mimicked in your response. Deliver your response in this format: ‘‘‘ Scenario 1: <Scenario1>
Scenario 2: <Scenario2>
Scenario 3: <Scenario3> ‘‘‘ APIs ‘‘‘ {{API_DOCS}} ‘‘‘ Response Required API: {{REQUIRED_API}} Scenarios with >=5 API calls: ‘‘‘ - Scenario 1: C UNREALISTIC QUERIES Below are some examples of unrealistic queries gathered from various sources. These queries are useful for generating potentially complex tool interactions or unusual combinations of tools. However, as a consequence, they are unrealistic for various reasons such as forcing the usage of disparate APIs in situations a human is unlikely to ask for, explicitly asking for API endpoints which end users are unlikely to know of, or generally being unnaturally long and explicit. • “I’m working on a logistics project for my company and need to check the health of the SQUAKE API. Can you verify the API health by calling the ‘Checkhealth’ API endpoint? Additionally, I would like to retrieve the list of projects using the ‘Projects’ API endpoint.” (Qin et al., 2023b) • “How many singers have the average number of albums of singers in Beijing? Gives the square root of this number.” (Ruan et al., 2023) • “I am looking for x-large, red color women faux fur lined winter warm jacket coat, and price lower than 70.00 dollars.” Yao et al. (2022a) • “Can you retrieve the contact details of the ‘Gondrand’ customs agency in New Caledonia? I’m particularly interested in their postal code, email, name, and phone number. Also, please provide a list of all available transitaires. Begin!!!” Qin et al. (2023b) D NUANCES COMPARING PRIOR WORK Nuances comparing prior work from Table 5. ReAct and ART evaluate on hard QA tasks, but these tasks traditionally do not require the usage of tools to complete. We also note API-Bank fits all criteria. However, its level 1-2 examples are automated but simple. In comparison, its level 3 examples are complex but require manual evaluation. ToolBench’s tasks require hard to use tool, but have shallow solution paths. Their more complex environments have deeper solution paths, but re-use the existing datasets of WebShop (Yao et al., 2022a) and TableTop (Liang et al., 2023). This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Nicholas Farn, Microsoft Corporation {Microsoft Corporation {nifarn@microsoft.com}; (2) Richard Shin, Microsoft Corporation {eush@microsoft.com}. Authors: Authors: (1) Nicholas Farn, Microsoft Corporation {Microsoft Corporation {nifarn@microsoft.com}; (2) Richard Shin, Microsoft Corporation {eush@microsoft.com}. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Dataset Design Dataset Design Evaluation Methodology Evaluation Methodology Experiments and Analysis Experiments and Analysis Related Work Related Work Conclusion, Reproducibility, and References Conclusion, Reproducibility, and References A. Complete list of tools A. Complete list of tools B. Scenario Prompt B. Scenario Prompt C. Unrealistic Queries C. Unrealistic Queries D. Nuances comparing prior work D. Nuances comparing prior work A COMPLETE LIST OF TOOLS We include the complete list of plugins and tools used in ToolTalk, and their corresponding descriptions. AccountTools This API contains tools for account management. AccountTools • ChangePassword Changes the password of an account. ChangePassword • DeleteAccount Deletes a user’s account, requires user to be logged in. DeleteAccount • GetAccountInformation Retrieves account information of logged in user. GetAccountInformation • LogoutUser Logs user out. LogoutUser • QueryUser Finds users given a username or email. QueryUser • RegisterUser Register a new user. • ResetPassword Resets the password of a user using a verification code. ResetPassword • SendVerificationCode Initiates a password reset for a user by sending a verification code to a backup email. SendVerificationCode • UpdateAccountInformation Updates account information of a user. UpdateAccountInformation • UserLogin Logs in a user. UserLogin Alarm This API contains tools for managing alarms. Alarm • AddAlarm Sets an alarm for a specific time. AddAlarm • DeleteAlarm Removes an alarm given an alarm id. DeleteAlarm • FindAlarms Finds alarms a user has set. FindAlarms Calendar This API lets a users manage events in their calendar. Calendar • CreateEvent Adds events to a user’s calendar. CreateEvent • DeleteEvent Deletes events from a user’s calendar. DeleteEvent • ModifyEvent Allows modification of an existing event. ModifyEvent • QueryCalendar Queries for events that occur in a time range. QueryCalendar Email This API lets a user search and send emails. Email • SearchInbox Searches for emails matching filters returning 5 most recent results. SearchInbox • SendEmail Sends an email on behalf of a given user. SendEmail Message This API lets a user search and send messages. Message • SearchMessages Searches messages matching filters returning 5 most recent results. SearchMessages • SendMessage Sends a message to another user. SendMessage Reminder A suite of APIs for managing reminders for a TODO list. Reminder • AddReminder Add a reminder with an optional due date. • CompleteReminder Complete a reminder. • DeleteReminder Delete a reminder. • GetReminders Get a list of reminders. AddReminder Weather Get weather information of a location. Weather • CurrentWeather Get the current weather of a location. CurrentWeather • ForecastWeather Get the 3-day weather forecast of a location. ForecastWeather • HistoricWeather Get historic weather information of a location by month. HistoricWeather B SCENARIO PROMPT Task You will be provided with a list of APIs. These APIs will have a description and a list of parameters and return types for each tool. Your task involves creating 3 varied, complex, and detailed user scenarios that require at least 5 API calls to complete involving at least 3 different APIs. One of these APIs will be explicitly provided and the other two will be chosen by you. For instance, given the APIs: SearchHotels, BookHotel, CancelBooking, GetNFLNews. Given that GetNFLNews is explicitly provided, your scenario should articulate something akin to: "The user wants to see if the Broncos won their last game (GetNFLNews). They then want to see if that qualifies them for the playoffs and who they will be playing against (GetNFLNews). The Broncos did make it into the playoffs, so the user wants watch the game in person. They want to look for hotels where the playoffs are occurring (GetNBANews + SearchHotels). After looking at the options, the user chooses to book a 3-day stay at the cheapest 4-star option (BookHotel)." This scenario exemplifies a scenario using 5 API calls. The scenario is complex, detailed, and concise as desired. The scenario also includes two APIs used in tandem, the required API, GetNBANews to search for the playoffs location and SearchHotels to find hotels based on the returned location. Usage of multiple APIs in tandem is highly desirable and will receive a higher score. Ideally each scenario should contain one or more instances of multiple APIs being used in tandem. Note that this scenario does not use all the APIs given and re-uses the " GetNBANews" API. Re-using APIs is allowed, but each scenario should involve at least 3 different APIs. Note that API usage is also included in the scenario, but exact parameters are not necessary. You must use a different combination of APIs for each scenario. All APIs must be used in at least one scenario. You can only use the APIs provided in the APIs section. Note that API calls are not explicitly mentioned and their uses are included in parentheses. This behaviour should be mimicked in your response. Deliver your response in this format: ‘‘‘ Scenario 1: <Scenario1> Scenario 2: <Scenario2> Scenario 3: <Scenario3> ‘‘‘ Scenario 1: <Scenario1> Scenario 2: <Scenario2> Scenario 3: <Scenario3> ‘‘‘ APIs ‘‘‘ {{API_DOCS}} ‘‘‘ Response Required API: {{REQUIRED_API}} Scenarios with >=5 API calls: ‘‘‘ - Scenario 1: C UNREALISTIC QUERIES Below are some examples of unrealistic queries gathered from various sources. These queries are useful for generating potentially complex tool interactions or unusual combinations of tools. However, as a consequence, they are unrealistic for various reasons such as forcing the usage of disparate APIs in situations a human is unlikely to ask for, explicitly asking for API endpoints which end users are unlikely to know of, or generally being unnaturally long and explicit. • “I’m working on a logistics project for my company and need to check the health of the SQUAKE API. Can you verify the API health by calling the ‘Checkhealth’ API endpoint? Additionally, I would like to retrieve the list of projects using the ‘Projects’ API endpoint.” (Qin et al., 2023b) • “How many singers have the average number of albums of singers in Beijing? Gives the square root of this number.” (Ruan et al., 2023) • “I am looking for x-large, red color women faux fur lined winter warm jacket coat, and price lower than 70.00 dollars.” Yao et al. (2022a) • “Can you retrieve the contact details of the ‘Gondrand’ customs agency in New Caledonia? I’m particularly interested in their postal code, email, name, and phone number. Also, please provide a list of all available transitaires. Begin!!!” Qin et al. (2023b) D NUANCES COMPARING PRIOR WORK Nuances comparing prior work from Table 5. ReAct and ART evaluate on hard QA tasks, but these tasks traditionally do not require the usage of tools to complete. We also note API-Bank fits all criteria. However, its level 1-2 examples are automated but simple. In comparison, its level 3 examples are complex but require manual evaluation. ToolBench’s tasks require hard to use tool, but have shallow solution paths. Their more complex environments have deeper solution paths, but re-use the existing datasets of WebShop (Yao et al., 2022a) and TableTop (Liang et al., 2023). This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Advancing Conversational AI with Complex Tool Orchestration

Ghost of Tsushima's PC port has been mired in controversy after Sony decided to limit sales of the game to countries where the PlayStation Network is available, leaving me with the following prompt when I tried to purchase it: Announced in March, Ghost of Tsushima was supposed to be the latest PlayStation exclusive to cross over to the PC with the same bells and whistles we've seen in previous ports — nearly all of which have gone without a hitch. Instead, the debacle has ended up highlighting discriminatory sales behavior as Sony is quite literally telling gamers in the 170 or so nations where the PSN is not available that it does not want their money. Sony has argued that a PSN account is necessary to access the online features of Ghost of Tsushima, but that appears to be an artificial requirement. The game is not a multiplayer title, at least, not the way games like Helldivers 2 are, yet, the company insists it can't be played unless one has a PSN account. The PSN account requirement also contradicts a previous statement from Tsushima developer Sucker Punch assuring gamers that such an account was only necessary for the multiplayer portion of the game. Sony splashed water on all of that by requiring that the game be only playable through its new PlayStation overlay, which, surprise surprise, requires a PSN account. One would imagine that Sony would want to maximize its profit by increasing access to its library of games, but noooooo, it appears the company is more interested in upping the number of people who have the PlayStation overlay installed on their PCs. As if gamers want another launcher. Looks like Sony also didn't learn its lesson from the Helldivers 2 fiasco where it received backlash for pulling the same stunt, only to reverse that decision soon after. Unfortunately, it doesn't seem like Sony would do the same for Ghost of Tsushima, even if it means losing sales. Whether Sony will expand the number of regions that support PSN is yet to be seen, but the company's decision does raise some uncomfortable questions about titles both past and future. Will the company insist that previously released titles come into the PSN fold too? Will it make the PSN requirement a standard fare for hotly-anticipated releases like God of War: Ragnarok? Region-locking software on PCs also has serious implications for consumers, as it bars them from legally accessing products they would otherwise need to pirate. Plenty of evidence shows that consumers pirate less when they can easily access something on the Internet, be it video games, movies, or even music. Regional pricing also helps, since wealth is unevenly distributed across the globe. Over at Reddit, some users are already suggesting pirating Ghost of Tsushima, which would be the opposite of what a company like Sony would want: But of course, the memo seems to have been lost on executives who seem to be chasing oddly specific metrics (in Sony's case, the number of PSN accounts created). If anyone from Sony is reading this: please stop this madness and keep the region-locking shenanigans away! Sony ranked #67 on HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings this week. Sponsored Content: Ready to start a business. Your first step is Anytime Mailbox. Secure a physical address through Anytime Mailbox’s vast 2100 International address network. Find an address around the corner, in NY, LA, or Paris. There’s plenty to choose from!For as low as $9.99 per month, you’ll have an address to use when filling in forms, receiving postal mail, business cards, returns, and more. It’s easy, and there’s no long term commitment. The best part? You keep your home address private. Get started today by choosing your location! Nvidia's $200 Billion Opportunity🤑 Nvidia, the AI boom's poster child, could see its valuation rise by a cool $200 billion depending on how its quarterly earnings play out. Team green has stunned markets with its earnings ever since OpenAI's public launch of ChatGPT jump started an AI arms race to secure hardware that can support large language models for a variety of purposes. Quarter after quarter, the company has consistently reported an increase in sales and profit because of all the demand it is seeing for its chips. But despite all the success, Wall Street believes the company is still primed to go up, so much so that traders believe Nvidia's upcoming earnings could serve as a catalyst for even further growth in its valuation, which is already above $2 trillion. Most expect to see the company reporting a massive increase in revenue and profit this quarter on the back of continuing demand for the company's chips. According to Reuters, analysts on average see Nvidia reporting a 242% jump in revenue to $24.60 billion for the fiscal quarter ending in April, with net income pegged to rise from $2.04 billion a year ago to $12.83 billion. That is a massive jump and we'll keep you posted on how the earnings play out. In Other News.. 📰 Trump Becomes First Major Party Candidate to Accept Crypto Donations — via CoinDesk
Data-labeling startup Scale AI raises $1B as valuation doubles to $13.8B — via TechCrunch
Microsoft thinks it found a way to make PCs relevant again — via CNN
Europe sets benchmark for rest of the world with landmark AI laws — via Reuters
Google tries to win over Microsoft's government cyber business — via Axios
Uniswap fights back against SEC as the ethereum crackdown continues — via CNBC And that's a wrap! Don't forget to share this newsletter with your family and friends! See y'all next week. PEACE! ☮️ — Sheharyar Khan, Editor, Business Tech @ HackerNoon *All rankings are current as of Monday. To see how the rankings have changed, please visit HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings page. Tech, What the Heck!? is a once-weekly newsletter written by HackerNoon editors that combine HackerNoon's proprietary data with news-worthy tech stories from around the internet. Humorous and insightful, the newsletter recaps trending events that are shaping the world of tech. Subscribe here. Ghost of Tsushima's PC port has been mired in controversy after Sony decided to limit sales of the game to countries where the PlayStation Network is available, leaving me with the following prompt when I tried to purchase it: mired in controversy mired in controversy Sony Sony limit sales limit sales Announced in March , Ghost of Tsushima was supposed to be the latest PlayStation exclusive to cross over to the PC with the same bells and whistles we've seen in previous ports — nearly all of which have gone without a hitch. Instead, the debacle has ended up highlighting discriminatory sales behavior as Sony is quite literally telling gamers in the 170 or so nations where the PSN is not available that it does not want their money. March March 170 or so nations 170 or so nations Sony has argued that a PSN account is necessary to access the online features of Ghost of Tsushima, but that appears to be an artificial requirement. The game is not a multiplayer title, at least, not the way games like Helldivers 2 are, yet, the company insists it can't be played unless one has a PSN account. The PSN account requirement also contradicts a previous statement from Tsushima developer Sucker Punch assuring gamers that such an account was only necessary for the multiplayer portion of the game. Sony splashed water on all of that by requiring that the game be only playable through its new PlayStation overlay, which, surprise surprise, requires a PSN account. only necessary only necessary One would imagine that Sony would want to maximize its profit by increasing access to its library of games, but noooooo , it appears the company is more interested in upping the number of people who have the PlayStation overlay installed on their PCs. As if gamers want another launcher. noooooo Looks like Sony also didn't learn its lesson from the Helldivers 2 fiasco where it received backlash for pulling the same stunt, only to reverse that decision soon after. Unfortunately, it doesn't seem like Sony would do the same for Ghost of Tsushima, even if it means losing sales . received backlash received backlash losing sales losing sales Whether Sony will expand the number of regions that support PSN is yet to be seen, but the company's decision does raise some uncomfortable questions about titles both past and future. Will the company insist that previously released titles come into the PSN fold too? Will it make the PSN requirement a standard fare for hotly-anticipated releases like God of War: Ragnarok? Region-locking software on PCs also has serious implications for consumers, as it bars them from legally accessing products they would otherwise need to pirate. Plenty of evidence shows that consumers pirate less when they can easily access something on the Internet, be it video games, movies, or even music. Regional pricing also helps, since wealth is unevenly distributed across the globe. Over at Reddit, some users are already suggesting pirating Ghost of Tsushima, which would be the opposite of what a company like Sony would want: already suggesting already suggesting But of course, the memo seems to have been lost on executives who seem to be chasing oddly specific metrics (in Sony's case, the number of PSN accounts created). If anyone from Sony is reading this: please stop this madness and keep the region-locking shenanigans away! Sony ranked #67 on HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings this week. Sponsored Content: Sponsored Content: Ready to start a business. Your first step is Anytime Mailbox. Ready to start a business. Your first step is Anytime Mailbox. Secure a physical address through Anytime Mailbox’s vast 2100 International address network. Find an address around the corner, in NY, LA, or Paris. There’s plenty to choose from!For as low as $9.99 per month, you’ll have an address to use when filling in forms, receiving postal mail, business cards, returns, and more. It’s easy, and there’s no long term commitment. The best part? You keep your home address private. Get started today by choosing your location! Get started today by choosing your location! Nvidia's $200 Billion Opportunity🤑 Nvidia , the AI boom's poster child, could see its valuation rise by a cool $200 billion depending on how its quarterly earnings play out. Nvidia Nvidia Team green has stunned markets with its earnings ever since OpenAI's public launch of ChatGPT jump started an AI arms race to secure hardware that can support large language models for a variety of purposes. Quarter after quarter, the company has consistently reported an increase in sales and profit because of all the demand it is seeing for its chips. But despite all the success, Wall Street believes the company is still primed to go up , so much so that traders believe Nvidia's upcoming earnings could serve as a catalyst for even further growth in its valuation, which is already above $2 trillion. primed to go up primed to go up catalyst catalyst Most expect to see the company reporting a massive increase in revenue and profit this quarter on the back of continuing demand for the company's chips. According to Reuters, analysts on average see Nvidia reporting a 242% jump in revenue to $24.60 billion for the fiscal quarter ending in April, with net income pegged to rise from $2.04 billion a year ago to $12.83 billion. That is a massive jump and we'll keep you posted on how the earnings play out. In Other News.. 📰 In Other News.. 📰 Trump Becomes First Major Party Candidate to Accept Crypto Donations — via CoinDesk Data-labeling startup Scale AI raises $1B as valuation doubles to $13.8B — via TechCrunch Microsoft thinks it found a way to make PCs relevant again — via CNN Europe sets benchmark for rest of the world with landmark AI laws — via Reuters Google tries to win over Microsoft's government cyber business — via Axios Uniswap fights back against SEC as the ethereum crackdown continues — via CNBC Trump Becomes First Major Party Candidate to Accept Crypto Donations — via CoinDesk CoinDesk CoinDesk Data-labeling startup Scale AI raises $1B as valuation doubles to $13.8B — via TechCrunch TechCrunch TechCrunch Microsoft thinks it found a way to make PCs relevant again — via CNN CNN CNN Europe sets benchmark for rest of the world with landmark AI laws — via Reuters Reuters Reuters Google tries to win over Microsoft's government cyber business — via Axios Axios Axios Uniswap fights back against SEC as the ethereum crackdown continues — via CNBC CNBC CNBC And that's a wrap! Don't forget to share this newsletter with your family and friends! See y'all next week. PEACE! ☮️ — Sheharyar Khan , Editor, Business Tech @ HackerNoon Sheharyar Khan Sheharyar Khan *All rankings are current as of Monday. To see how the rankings have changed, please visit HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings page. *All rankings are current as of Monday. To see how the rankings have changed, please visit HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings page. *All rankings are current as of Monday. To see how the rankings have changed, please visit HackerNoon's Tech Company Rankings page. Tech Company Rankings Tech Company Rankings Tech, What the Heck!? is a once-weekly newsletter written by HackerNoon editors that combine HackerNoon's proprietary data with news-worthy tech stories from around the internet. Humorous and insightful, the newsletter recaps trending events that are shaping the world of tech. Subscribe here. Tech, What the Heck!? is a once-weekly newsletter written by HackerNoon editors that combine HackerNoon's proprietary data with news-worthy tech stories from around the internet. Humorous and insightful, the newsletter recaps trending events that are shaping the world of tech. Subscribe here. Tech, What the Heck!? is a once-weekly newsletter written by HackerNoon editors that combine HackerNoon's proprietary data with news-worthy tech stories from around the internet. Humorous and insightful, the newsletter recaps trending events that are shaping the world of tech. Subscribe here . here here

POSTAL

postal.com

201-500 employees

Since 2019

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POSTAL

EVERGREEN INDEX #8826

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POSTAL

postal.com

201-500 employees

Since 2019

COMPANY RANKING

POSTAL

EVERGREEN INDEX #8826

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