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Phillips 66 operates as an energy manufacturing and logistics company. It operates through four segments: Midstream, Chemicals, Refining, and Marketing and Specialties (M&S). The Midstream segment transports crude oil and other feedstocks; delivers refined products to market; provides terminaling and storage services for crude oil and petroleum products; transports, stores, fractionates, exports, and markets natural gas liquids; provides other fee-based processing services; and gathers, processes, transports, and markets natural gas. The Chemicals segment manufactures and markets ethylene and other olefin products; aromatics and styrenics products, such as benzene, cyclohexane, styrene, and polystyrene; and various specialty chemical products, including organosulfur chemicals, solvents, catalysts, and chemicals used in drilling and mining. The Refining segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks into petroleum products comprising gasolines, distillates, and aviation fuels at 13 refineries in the United States and Europe. The M&S segment purchases for resale and markets refined petroleum products consisting of gasolines, distillates, and aviation fuels primarily in the United States and Europe. It also manufactures and markets specialty products, such as petroleum coke products, waxes, solvents, and polypropylene. Phillips 66 was founded in 1875 and is headquartered in Houston, Texas.

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Sapient Capital LLC acquired a new stake in shares of Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX – Free Report) in the fourth quarter, HoldingsChannel.com reports. The fund acquired 2,019 shares of the oil and gas company’s stock, valued at approximately $269,000. Several other hedge funds and other institutional ...

Sapient Capital LLC Makes New Investment in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) - Defense World

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James Fisher pushes up tanker earnings as Phillips 66 agrees 'biggest' 
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Matthew J Phillips is an entrepreneur from South Wales, U.K, and the creator of the Organic Client's program. Matthew has achieved feats such as closing multiple 4-figure clients weekly for his coaching business. He's also helped other coaches, consultants and mentors do the same. Some weeks ago, I sat down with Matthew and spoke on certain issues regarding his company and how he plans to move forward during these times. You'll also find this insightful. Let's have a look at what he had to say; So Matthew, why is now the time for your company to exist? More and more people are looking for a way to produce income in the chaos of COVID-19. We work with coaches, consultants, and mentors or those interested in becoming one. It seems to be a popular industry as there’s a low barrier to entry and many who are already coaches are in person trying to transition online. We supply the demand. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? We’re all results-oriented. We don’t care about flash, about the talk and all that jazz. We all care about the results. Every coach, consultant, or mentor we work worth our sole priority is ensuring they see success and changing their life. We show them how to create mouth-watering offers, generate streams of organic leads, and close their leads over the phone as high-paying clients. The three most common struggles you see and the only three things you need to master to have a thriving coaching, consulting, or mentorship business. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? I would be fitness coaching and continue to build my brand in the fitness industry like I was at 16 years old. I grew a following of 50K on Instagram and was sponsored by supplement companies etc. At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your metrics? Income. We care about helping coaches increase their clients to produce more income. For example, one of my clients from Montreal, Canada made $11,000 in under a month with his coaching business. Another, zero to $7,000 made in 5 days and a consultant from India closed 6 deals at $1,500 each totalling out to a total of $9,000 immediately upon implementation of my 1-1 program. In a few sentences, what do you offer to whom? We show coaches, consultants, and mentors how to create mouth-watering offers, generate streams of organic leads/sales appointments  - using inbound and outbound strategies for us then to show them how to close their leads as high-paying clients over the phone. We provide this service 1-1 through our main program The Organic Clients Program or we can breakdown that program  to fit precisely what they need. Help with content creation that drives leads, handling objections, etc. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? Our success stories and growth. My audience on Facebook is growing rapidly along with my FB group and we have new success stories pouring in daily along with interview and feature offers. Where do you think your growth will be next year? In the multiple 6 figure range along with branching out into other industries, for example, going back to my roots of fitness coaching where it all started for me before helping other coaches and starting a gym franchise/supplement company of my own. What’s your biggest threat? Hunger. As a young entrepreneur, 19 years old from the UK, South Wales, Cardiff to be specific. I’m hungry and I have options, now this helped me get to where I am although sometimes you can bite off too much than you can chew so I need to stay patient and not get off track with too many ventures and goals.

An Interview With Mathew J Phillips

Authors: (1) Sha-Bo Lin, Center for Intelligent Decision-Making and Machine Learning, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University; (2) Xingping Sun, Department of Mathematics, Missouri State University; (3) Di Wang, §Center for Intelligent Decision-Making and Machine Learning, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Content Overview Abstract & Introduction Uncertainty Relation of Kernel Interpolation on Spheres Distributed Kernel Interpolation Operator Differences via Quadrature Rules Proofs Numerical Verifications References Abstract For radial basis function (RBF) kernel interpolation of scattered data, Schaback [30] in 1995 proved that the attainable approximation error and the condition number of the underlying interpolation matrix cannot be made small simultaneously. He referred to this finding as an “uncertainty relation”, an undesirable consequence of which is that RBF kernel interpolation is susceptible to noisy data. In this paper, we propose and study a distributed interpolation method to manage and quantify the uncertainty brought on by interpolating noisy spherical data of non-negligible magnitude. We also present numerical simulation results showing that our method is practical and robust in terms of handling noisy data from challenging computing environments. Kernel interpolation, distributed uncertainty mitigation, scattered spherical data Key words. Uncertainty Relation of Kernel Interpolation on Spheres 3. Distributed Kernel Interpolation. Corollary 2.2 shows that kernel interpolation performs poorly while confronting noisy data of non-negligible magnitude. To overcome this major drawback, we propose and study in this section a distributed kernel interpolation (DKI) method, which is motivated by the “distributed learning” in the literature [37, 19]. Figuratively speaking, this is a divide-and-conquer strategy for uncertainty quantification. To elaborate, we describe the method in three steps. 4. Operator Differences via Quadrature Rules. In this section, we first briefly exposit an integral-operator approach initiated in [8] and then derive tight upper bounds for differences of operators of our interest, obtaining a certain type of Sobolev sampling inequalities [12] as a byproduct. Highlights of the section include Proposition 4.5) and Lemma 4.8. 6. Numerical Verifications Four simulations are carried out in this section to verify the excellent performance of DKI. The first one shows that DKI succeeds in circumventing the uncertainty of kernel interpolation. The second one exhibits the role of m in DKI. The third one focuses on the role of the division strategy in DKI. The last one compares DKI with several popular spherical data fitting schemes including the distributed filtered hyperinterpolation (DFH) [21], sketching with s ∗ -designs [20], and distributed kernel ridge regression (DKRR) [8]. In this simulation, we show the role of the parameter m in DKI. We generate 10014 training samples (with 141-designs as inputs). The number of divisions, m, ranges from {5, 10, · · · , 200}. Figure 6.2 shows the relation between RMSE of DKI and the number of local machines under different levels of Gaussian noise, provided that the total number of training samples is given. From Figure 6.2, we can conclude the following assertions: 1) For training samples with higher levels of noise, the testing RMSE generally decreases at first and then increases slowly as the number of local machines increases. Moderate values of m are more conductive to good approximation property for DKI. The reason is that too small m does not successfully address the uncertainty issue in kernel interpolation; too large m increases the fitting error, resulting in slightly worse generalization performance. 2) The optimal number m with the lowest RMSE grows with increasing Gaussian noise. This verifies the equation (3.3) of Theorem 3.2, in which the approximation error is primarily concerned with the sample error for large noise (i.e., large M) and can be reduced using a large m. Simulation 2: REFERENCES [1] R. Bhatia, Matrix Analysis, vol. 169, Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. [2] J. S. Brauchart and K. Hesse, Numerical integration over spheres of arbitrary dimension, Constructive Approximation, 25 (2007), pp. 41–71. [3] G. Brown and F. Dai, Approximation of smooth functions on compact two-point homogeneous spaces, Journal of Functional Analysis, 220 (2005), pp. 401–423. [4] A. Chernih, I. H. Sloan, and R. S. Womersley, Wendland functions with increasing smoothness converge to a gaussian, Advances in Computational Mathematics, 40 (2014), pp. 185– 200. [5] F. Dai, Multivariate polynomial inequalities with respect to doubling weights and a∞ weights, Journal of Functional Analysis, 235 (2006), pp. 137–170. [6] F. Dai, On generalized hyperinterpolation on the sphere, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 134 (2006), pp. 2931–2941. [7] H. W. Engl, M. Hanke, and A. Neubauer, Regularization of Inverse Problems, vol. 375, Springer Science & Business Media, 1996. [8] H. Feng, S.-B. Lin, and D.-X. Zhou, Radial basis function approximation with distributively stored data on spheres, arXiv:2112.02499, (2021). [9] T. Hangelbroek, F. J. Narcowich, X. Sun, and J. D. Ward, Kernel approximation on manifolds ii: The l∞ norm of the l2 projector, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 43 (2011), pp. 662–684. [10] T. Hangelbroek, F. J. Narcowich, and J. D. Ward, Kernel approximation on manifolds i: bounding the lebesgue constant, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 42 (2010), pp. 1732–1760. [11] K. Hesse, I. H. Sloan, and R. S. Womersley, Radial basis function approximation of noisy scattered data on the sphere, Numerische Mathematik, 137 (2017), pp. 579–605. [12] K. Hesse, I. H. Sloan, and R. S. Womersley, Local rbf-based penalized least-squares approximation on the sphere with noisy scattered data, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 382 (2021), p. 113061. [13] S. Hubbert, Q. T. Le Gia, and T. M. Morton ˆ , Spherical radial basis functions, theory and applications, Springer, 2015. [14] M. A. King, R. J. Bingham, P. Moore, P. L. Whitehouse, M. J. Bentley, and G. A. Milne, Lower satellite-gravimetry estimates of antarctic sea-level contribution, Nature, 491 (2012), pp. 586–589. [15] Q. T. Le Gia, F. J. Narcowich, J. D. Ward, and H. Wendland, Continuous and discrete least-squares approximation by radial basis functions on spheres, Journal of Approximation Theory, 143 (2006), pp. 124–133. [16] P. Leopardi, A partition of the unit sphere into regions of equal area and small diameter, Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis, 25 (2006), pp. 309–327. [17] J. Levesley, Z. Luo, and X. Sun, Norm estimates of interpolation matrices and their inverses associated with strictly positive definite functions, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, (1999), pp. 2127–2134. [18] S.-B. Lin, X. Chang, and X. Sun, Kernel interpolation of high dimensional scattered data, arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.01514, (2020). [19] S.-B. Lin, X. Guo, and D.-X. Zhou, Distributed learning with regularized least squares, The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 18 (2017), pp. 3202–3232. [20] S.-B. Lin, D. Wang, and D.-X. Zhou, Sketching with spherical designs on spheres, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computation, in press (2023). [21] S.-B. Lin, Y. G. Wang, and D.-X. Zhou, Distributed filtered hyperinterpolation for noisy data on the sphere, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 59 (2021), pp. 634–659. [22] J. D. McEwen and Y. Wiaux, A novel sampling theorem on the sphere, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59 (2011), pp. 5876–5887. [23] H. Mhaskar, F. Narcowich, and J. Ward, Spherical marcinkiewicz-zygmund inequalities and positive quadrature, Mathematics of Computation, 70 (2001), pp. 1113–1130. [24] H. N. Mhaskar, Weighted quadrature formulas and approximation by zonal function networks on the sphere, Journal of Complexity, 22 (2006), pp. 348–370. [25] C. Muller ¨ , Spherical Harmonics, vol. 17, Springer, 1966. [26] F. J. Narcowich, N. Sivakumar, and J. D. Ward, Stability results for scattered-data interpolation on euclidean spheres, Advances in Computational Mathematics, 8 (1998), pp. 137– 163. [27] F. J. Narcowich, X. Sun, J. D. Ward, and H. Wendland, Direct and inverse sobolev error estimates for scattered data interpolation via spherical basis functions, Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 7 (2007), pp. 369–390. [28] F. J. Narcowich and J. D. Ward, Scattered data interpolation on spheres: error estimates and locally supported basis functions, SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, 33 (2002), pp. 1393–1410. [29] A. Rudi, R. Camoriano, and L. Rosasco, Less is more: Nystr¨om computational regularization., in NIPS, 2015, pp. 1657–1665. [30] R. Schaback, Error estimates and condition numbers for radial basis function interpolation, Advances in Computational Mathematics, 3 (1995), pp. 251–264. [31] S. Smale and D.-X. Zhou, Shannon sampling and function reconstruction from point values, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 41 (2004), pp. 279–305. [32] S. Smale and D.-X. Zhou, Shannon sampling ii: Connections to learning theory, Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, 19 (2005), pp. 285–302. [33] Y.-T. Tsai and Z.-C. Shih, All-frequency precomputed radiance transfer using spherical radial basis functions and clustered tensor approximation, ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 25 (2006), pp. 967–976. [34] H. Wendland, Scattered data approximation, vol. 17, Cambridge university press, 2004. [35] M. A. Wieczorek and R. J. Phillips, Potential anomalies on a sphere: Applications to the thickness of the lunar crust, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 103 (1998), pp. 1715–1724. [36] R. S. Womersley, Efficient spherical designs with good geometric properties, in Contemporary computational mathematics-A celebration of the 80th birthday of Ian Sloan, Springer, 2018, pp. 1243–1285. [37] Y. Zhang, J. Duchi, and M. Wainwright, Divide and conquer kernel ridge regression: A distributed algorithm with minimax optimal rates, The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 16 (2015), pp. 3299–3340. In this Appendix, we present the detailed implementation of the select-and-judge (SAJ) strategy. Our aim is to derive a series of subsets of similar Cardinality with separation radius not smaller than a given tolerance c0. There are two stages for SAJ. SM1. Appendix A: Select-and-Judge Strategy for Data Division. This paper is under CC0 1.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Distributed Uncertainty Quantification of Kernel Interpolation on Spheres

গোলকের উপর কার্নেল ইন্টারপোলেশনের বিতরণ করা অনিশ্চয়তার পরিমাণ

Verteilte Unsicherheitsquantifizierung der Kernelinterpolation auf Kugeln

Cuantificación de la incertidumbre distribuida de la interpolación del kernel en esferas

Quantification distribuée de l'incertitude de l'interpolation du noyau sur les sphères

क्षेत्रों पर कर्नेल इंटरपोलेशन की वितरित अनिश्चितता मात्रा

球上のカーネル補間の分散不確実性の定量化

구에 대한 커널 보간법의 분산 불확실성 정량화

Quantificação de incerteza distribuída de interpolação de kernel em esferas

Количественная оценка распределенной неопределенности ядра интерполяции на сферах

Küreler Üzerindeki Çekirdek Enterpolasyonunun Dağıtılmış Belirsizliği Ölçümü

Định lượng độ không đảm bảo phân phối của phép nội suy hạt nhân trên hình cầu

球体核插值的分布式不确定性量化

Authors: (1) Maggie D. Bailey, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Lab; (2) Douglas Nychka, Colorado School of Mines; (3) Manajit Sengupta, National Renewable Energy Lab; (4) Aron Habte, National Renewable Energy Lab; (5) Yu Xie, National Renewable Energy Lab; (6) Soutir Bandyopadhyay, Colorado School of Mines. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Data Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) Solar Radiation Example Results Conclusion Appendix A: Simulation Study Appendix B: Regridding Coefficient Estimates References References Accadia, C., Mariani, S., Casaioli, M., Lavagnini, A., and Speranza, A.: Sensitivity of precipitation forecast skill scores to bilinear interpolation and a simple nearest-neighbor average method on high-resolution verification grids, Weather and forecasting, 18, 918–932, 2003. Berndt, C. and Haberlandt, U.: Spatial interpolation of climate variables in Northern Germany—Influence of temporal resolution and network density, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 15, 184–202, 2018. Chandler, R., Barnes, C., Brierley, C., and Alegre, R.: Regridding and interpolation of climate data for impacts modelling–some cautionary notes, Tech. rep., Copernicus Meetings, 2022. Cressie, N. and Wikle, C. K.: Statistics for Spatio-Temporal Data, 2011. Cressie, N. A.: Change of support and the modifiable areal unit problem, 1996. Diaconescu, E. P., Gachon, P., and Laprise, R.: On the remapping procedure of daily precipitation statistics and indices used in regional climate model evaluation, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16, 2301–2310, 2015. Ensor, L. A. and Robeson, S. M.: Statistical characteristics of daily precipitation: comparisons of gridded and point datasets, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47, 2468–2476, 2008. Finley, A. O., Banerjee, S., and Gelfand, A. E.: spBayes for large univariate and multivariate point-referenced spatio-temporal data models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.8192, 2013. Gelfand, A. E., Zhu, L., and Carlin, B. P.: On the change of support problem for spatio-temporal data, Biostatistics, 2, 31–45, 2001. Handcock, M. S. and Stein, M. L.: A Bayesian analysis of kriging, Technometrics, 35, 403–410, 1993. Harris, T., Li, B., and Sriver, R.: Multi-model Ensemble Analysis with Neural Network Gaussian Processes, arXiv [preprint] arXiv:2202.04152, 2022. Loghmari, I., Timoumi, Y., and Messadi, A.: Performance comparison of two global solar radiation models for spatial interpolation purposes, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 837–844, 2018. McGinnis, S. and Mearns, L.: Building a climate service for North America based on the NA-CORDEX data archive, Climate Services, 22, 100 233, 2021. McGinnis, S., Mearns, L., and McDaniel, L.: Effects of Spatial Interpolation Algorithm Choice on Regional Climate Model Data Analysis, "Fall Meeting, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco", 2010. Phillips, D. L. and Marks, D. G.: Spatial uncertainty analysis: propagation of interpolation errors in spatially distributed models, Ecological Modelling, 91, 213–229, 1996. Rajulapati, C. R., Papalexiou, S. M., Clark, M. P., and Pomeroy, J. W.: The perils of regridding: examples using a global precipitation dataset, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 60, 1561–1573, 2021. Rauscher, S. A., Coppola, E., Piani, C., and Giorgi, F.: Resolution effects on regional climate model simulations of seasonal precipitation over Europe, Climate dynamics, 35, 685–711, 2010. Sengupta, M., Xie, Y., Lopez, A., Habte, A., Maclaurin, G., and Shelby, J.: The national solar radiation data base (NSRDB), Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 89, 51–60, 2018. Whittemore, A. S.: Errors-in-variables regression using Stein estimates, The American Statistician, 43, 226–228, 1989. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Regridding Uncertainty for Statistical Downscaling of Solar Radiation: References

Authors: (1) Maggie D. Bailey, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Lab; (2) Douglas Nychka, Colorado School of Mines; (3) Manajit Sengupta, National Renewable Energy Lab; (4) Aron Habte, National Renewable Energy Lab; (5) Yu Xie, National Renewable Energy Lab; (6) Soutir Bandyopadhyay, Colorado School of Mines. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Data Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) Solar Radiation Example Results Conclusion Appendix A: Simulation Study Appendix B: Regridding Coefficient Estimates References Abstract Initial steps in statistical downscaling involve being able to compare observed data from regional climate models (RCMs). This prediction requires (1) regridding RCM output from their native grids and at differing spatial resolutions to a common grid in order to be comparable to observed data and (2) bias correcting RCM data, via quantile mapping, for example, for future modeling and analysis. The uncertainty associated with (1) is not always considered for downstream operations in (2). This work examines this uncertainty, which is not often made available to the user of a regridded data product. This analysis is applied to RCM solar radiation data from the NA-CORDEX data archive and observed data from the National Solar Radiation Database housed at the National Renewable Energy Lab. A case study of the mentioned methods over California is presented. 1 Introduction Earth system models and regional climate models (RCM) are standard tools used to quantify and understand future changes in climate. These models represent geophysical variables on fixed grids and so a comparison among models, with observations, or with other data products must reconcile the differences between variables registered on one set of grid locations to another set. is a ubiquitous preprocessing step for climate model analysis to interpolate from one gridded field to another. Common grid interpolation methods include kriging, cokriging, bilinear interpolation, inverse distance weighting, and thin plate splines (see McGinnis et al. (2010) for more details). The uncertainty in these statistical and numerical interpolations has been well-documented (Phillips and Marks (1996); Loghmari et al. (2018)). However, to our knowledge this uncertainty is rarely factored into the analysis when a regridded field is considered. In the worst case regridded fields are distributed without the metadatas acknowledging the transformation from their native grid. Moreover, when regridded variables are used for a subsequent analysis, biases can be introduced into statistical estimates. Regridding This work is motivated by the practical issue of inferring the distribution of solar radiation across space and over the seasonal cycle from simulations provided by RCMs. The overall goal is to create a solar radiation data product at a high spatial and temporal resolution that is suitable for siting new solar power generation facilities, such as photo-voltaic plants. Since these facilities may have a lifetime of 30 or more years, it is important to factor in regional changes in climate in site planning. The projections from a multi-model ensemble of RCM projections can suggest the potential impacts of a changing climate on power generation. However, we anticipate biases in the regional model simulations as well as the need to combine several models in an optimal way. The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) is a high resolution, gridded data product that can be used as a standard for calibration under current climate and is a benchmark training and testing sample. The initial step then is to build a statistical model that relates the regional climate model data, forced by reanalysis, to a "gold standard" solar radiation data product (NSRDB). Our focus is on a linear model with NSRDB daily averages as the dependent variable and three RCMs as the independent variables for prediction. The challenge is that the native grid for these models is not the same as the NSRDB, leading to the need for regridding. For illustration, consider Figure 1 showing grid projections from two different models. The differing projections result in an irregular pattern where some target grid locations are close to a native grid point while others fall in between grid locations. It is reasonable to assume that target grid locations that are close to native ones are more accurately interpolated than those further away and this varying uncertainty should be considered in the regridded version. We contrast the approach of just using the regridded RCM fields as the regression predictors with an empirical Bayesian model that explicitly incorporates the mismatch between the RCM grids and the NSRDB grid. The Bayesian approach takes advantage of recent tools in spatial statistics for conditional simulation of Gaussian processes and combines this with classical Bayesian formulas for linear regression (Cressie and Wikle (2011)). This strategy provides a simple framework to avoid the biases in an analysis based on a regridded estimate. Moreover this method can be extended to more sophicated prediction beyond a linear relationship. Our empirical Bayesian method uses the same spatial prediction model that would be used in standard regridding but adds a step to generate conditional samples of the spatial fields. These realizations then become the conditioned covariate in a Bayesian linear model and with a closed form expression for sampling the posterior of the regression parameters. The Bayesian approach is useful for determining unbiased estimates of the regression parameters. However, if the goal is simply prediction based on the linear model, we also show the standard regridding regression is appropriate for prediction, especially when prediction uncertainty is calibrated with a holdout sample. Therefore, how this problem is tackled depends partly on the end goals of the analysis. We illustrate these ideas with an application to solar radiation prediction and these results are important in their own right. The analysis suggests the limits of predictability of solar radiation based on regional climate model simulations and also points to how the models may be biased relative to the NSRDB data set. The uncertainty in the regridding process for solar radiation has not been given much attention as it relates to climate simulations, but there are many studies of this issue for precipitation or temperature (Chandler et al. (2022); Rajulapati et al. (2021)). McGinnis et al. (2010) considered regridding error for RCMs in four regridding methods - nearest neighbors, bilinear interpolation, inverse distance weights, and thin plate splines for temperature and precipitation RCM data. The study found that thin plate splines performed the best of the four considered in terms of regridding but that the chosen interpolation method has a larger effect when considering local results as opposed to large-scale phenomenon across multiple models. Additionally, spurious extrapolation results need to be considered, particularly when considering extreme events, which temperature and precipitation analyses often do. The need for regridding was bypassed in Harris et al. (2022) which proposes Neural-Network Gaussian Process Regression (NNGPR) for predicting temperature and precipitation reanalysis fields from ECMWF Reanalysis v5. The proposed method simultaneously downscales the same variables to RCM spatial levels using NA-CORDEX RCM data for validation. The method defines the downscaling pixel by pixel for the output grid by averaging the input climate model fields and defining a Gaussian process between the climate model fields and prediction point in the reanalysis field. Preliminary results from this study show marginal improvements over existing methods, including linear models, for combining climate models and poor uncertainty quantification skill, which is a direct focus of this study. Additionally, there are minimal metrics for uncertainty quantification of the method. While our method does not simultaneously downscale solar radiation data, this will be addressed in future work and the methods proposed in Harris et al. (2022) could be used for a comparative analysis. Effects of regridding on precipitation statistics has also been widely studied (Accadia et al. (2003); Berndt and Haberlandt (2018); Ensor and Robeson (2008); Diaconescu et al. (2015); Rauscher et al. (2010)). In particular, effects from regridding were found to have the largest impact at higher quantiles (Rajulapati et al. (2021)). The same study also found that the difference in precipitation statistics between the original and regridded data decreased with higher grid resolution, and vice-versa for lower resolution. This is also true at fine temporal scales (i.e. daily, sub-daily). Our understanding is that there is a gap in the literature in analyzing the downstream effects on modelling after regridding, and for solar radiation data in particular. Note that this focus is related to the classic errors in variables models (Whittemore (1989)), where covariates are unknown or contain problematic data. Predictions based on the covariates containing error are reliable provided data with the errors is consistently used. However, inferring scientific relationships between the predictand and predictors is not reliable. Thus the focus in this study is whether final conclusions based on downstream modeling and evaluation of an RCM contribution to prediction skill will change when regridding uncertainty is taken into account. As noted above, this study includes an analysis of possible effects using a Bayesian regression approach in order to quantify the uncertainty due to regridding. In particular, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) as a complete description of the analysis uncertainties and then explain how simpler approaches result from approximations to this BHM (Cressie and Wikle (2011)). Although we do not showcase a complete Bayesian analysis, we believe our approximate version is informative and is more easily implemented than the full Bayesian posterior computations. The rest of the article is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces and describes the data utilized in this article, followed by an overview of the BHM in Section 3; Section 4 details the method to analyze the uncertainty of regridding; Section 5 shows results from this analysis; and finally, Section 6 concludes this work and discusses future directions. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Regridding Uncertainty for Statistical Downscaling of Solar Radiation

A Roadmap for User Empowerment in the Dark Pattern Landscape

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Official lists of patents here Official lists of patents ISSUED BY THE U. S. PATENT OFFICE. FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 7, 1871. Reported Officially for the Scientific American. 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Full information, as to price of drawings, in each case, may be had by addressing MUNN & CO., Patent Solicitors, 37 Park Row, New York. 112,309.—Hose Sprinkler.—William Anderson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,310.—Locomotive Spark Arrester.—J. G. Armstrong, New Brunswick, N. J. 112,311.—Tool for Carriage Makers' Use.—George Atkinson, San Francisco, Cal. 112,312.—Potato Probe.—John A. Beal, Waterford, N. Y. 112,313.—Hinge for Carriage Doors.—George W. Beers, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,314.—Stove Leg.—James Birckhead, Jr., Baltimore, Md. 112,315.—Clothes Pin.—Orris A. Bishop, Chicago, Ill. 112,316.—Manufacture of Rochelle Salts and Borax.—V. G. Bloede, Brooklyn, N. Y. 112,317.—Beehive.—Felix Brewer, Waynesville, Mo. 112,318.—Thill Coupling.—Theodore Burr (assignor to Allen Muir and Henry Muir), Battle Creek, Mich. 112,319.—Evaporating Pan for Saccharine Liquids.—F. C. Butler, Bellows Falls, Vt., assignor to himself and James B. Williams, Glastonbury, Conn. 112,320.—Door Securer.—William H. Caldwell, Wheeling, W. Va. 112,321.—Toe-calk Bar.—R. B. Caswell, Springfield, Mass. Antedated March 2, 1871. 112,322.—Glass Flattening Furnace and Leer.—James Clabby, Lenox, Mass. 112,323.—Spring Bed Bottom.—Alex. Cole, Manamuskin, N. J. 112,324.—Water Wheel.—E. E. Coleman, West Cummington, Mass. 112,325.—Toy Horse and Carriage.—John B. Cuzner, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,326.—Mackerel-line Holder.—E. L. Decker, Southport, Me. 112,327.—Sewing Machine.—J. William Dufour, Stratford, Conn. 112,328.—Steam Boiler.—Edwards Evans, North Tonawanda, N. Y. 112,329.—Medical Compound for Cure of Catarrh and Asthma.—Erastus Field, Ostrander, Ohio. 112,330.—Machine for Grinding the Cutters of Mowers, etc.—H. C. Fisk, Wellsville, N. Y. 112,331.—Machine for Making Hooks and Eyes.—Jeremy T. Ford, San Francisco, Cal. 112,332.—Churn.—Thompson Freeman, Westfield, Ill. 112,333.—Attachment for Revolving Mold Boards for Plows.—J. S. Godfrey, Leslie, Mich., assignor to himself and S. M. Loveridge, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,334.—Grain Cleaner and Fertilizer Sifter.—J. A. Green, Mill Dale, Va. 112,335.—Screw Propulsion.—E. C. Gregg (assignor to A. H. Gregg and C. P. Gregg), Trumansburg, N. Y. 112,336.—Seeding Machine.—P. M. Gundlach, Belleville, Ill. 112,337.—Compound for Kindling Fires.—J. L. Hannum and S. H. Stebbins, Berea, Ohio. 112,338.—Lawn Mower.—Benjamin Harnish, Lancaster, and D. H. Harnish, Pequea, Pa. 112,339.—Composition for Pavements.—C. B. Harris, New York city. Antedated February 25, 1870. 112,340.—Spring for Vehicles.—John R. Hiller, Woodland, Cal. 112,341.—Harvester Rake.—S. T. Holly, (assignor to John P. Manny), Rockford, Ill. 112,342.—Door Clamp.—Henry O. Hooper, Diamond Springs, Cal. 112,343.—Taper Holder.—Thomas W. Houchin, Morrisania, N. Y. 112,344.—Metallic Garter.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,345.—Bobbin Winder.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,346.—Method of Knitting Stockings, etc.—Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. 112,347.—Apparatus for Evaporating and concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,348.—Apparatus for Evaporating and Concentrating Liquids.—John Howarth, Salem, Mass. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,349.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matters.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,350.—Apparatus and Process for Removing Oil from Grain, Seeds, etc.—Elias S. Hutchinson, Baltimore, Md. 112,351.—Chandelier.—Charles F. Jacobsen, New York city. 112,352.—Culinary Vessel.—Carrie Jessup, New Haven, Conn. 112,353.—Machine for Cutting Leather.—Aberdeen Keith, North Bridgewater, Mass. 112,354.—Attaching Knobs to their Spindles.—John F. Keller and Nathaniel Sehner, Hagerstown, Md. 112,355.—Miter Machine.—T. E. King, Boston, Mass. 112,356.—Take-up for Corset Looms.—Julius Kuttner, New York city. 112,357.—Elevator and Carrier.—T. W. Lackore, Worth, Ill. 112,358.—Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon Oils.—James R. Lee, Grass Valley, Cal. 112,359.—Burglar Alarm.—Robert Lee, Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,360.—Telegraph Apparatus.—L. T. Lindsey, Jackson, Tenn. 112,361.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,362.—Harvester.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,363.—Harvester Rake.—J. P. Manny, Rockford, Ill. 112,364.—Cheese Curd Sink.—H. C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,365.—Mowing Machine.—H. C. Markham and Dewitt C. Markham, Collinsville, N. Y. 112,366.—Propeller.—Alex. J. Marshall, Warrenton, Va. Antedated March 3, 1871. 112,367.—Oiler.—Edward McDuff and E. D. Forrow, Warwick, R. I. 112,368.—Wash Boiler.—John McInnes, Oxford, Pa. 112,369.—Propelling Canal Boats.—H. B. Meech, Fort Edward, N. Y. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,370.—Water-proof Compound for Coating Cloth Wood, Metals, etc.—Peter E. Minor, Schenectady, N. Y. 112,371.—Cooking Stove.—W. N. Moore, Neenah, Wis. 112,372.—Boring Machine.—J. H. Pardieck (assignor to himself and S. M. Brown), Acton, Ind. 112,373.—Vapor Burner.—R. W. Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,374.—Machine for Pointing Blanks for Cultivator Teeth.—John Pedder and George Abel, West Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,375.—Bale Tie.—J. E. Perkins, San Francisco, Cal. 112,376.—Lining Walls with Felt, etc.—James Phillips, Chicago, Ill. 112,377.—Cooking Stove.—Samuel Pierce, Boston, Mass. 112,378.—Tack.—A. A. Porter, New Haven, Conn. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,379.—Machine for Shaping and Cutting Gear Cutters.—F. A. Pratt (assignor to the Pratt & Whitney Company), Hartford, Conn. 112,380.—Combination Camera and Developing Box.—E. C. Ratzell, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,381.—Punching Machine.—J. C. Rhodes, South Abington, Mass. 112,382.—Washing Machine.—J. W. Ricker, Chelsea, Mass. 112,383.—Curtain Fixture.—Charles Robin. Chester, Conn. 112,384.—Machine for Making Printers' Leads.—Isaac Schoenberg, New York city. 112,385.—Slide Valve for Steam Riveting Machines.—Coleman Sellers (assignor to William Sellers & Co.), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,386.—Machine for Polishing Thread.—Samuel Semple, Sr., John Semple, Samuel Semple, Jr., and R. A. Semple, Mount Holly, N. J. 112,387.—Paint Brush.—F. S. Shearer, Washington, Ill. 112,388.—Bee Hive.—S. A. Short, F. J. Short, J. B. Short, and Jasper Kile, Decatur, Ala. 112,389.—Apparatus for Removing Oil from Vegetable and other Matter.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,390.—Retort for Producing Bisulphide of Carbon.—Thomas Sim, Baltimore, Md. 112,391.—Utilizing the Silky Down of the Wild Cotton. —M. H. Simpson, Boston, Mass. 112,392.—Pruning Shears.—Frank Smiley, Batavia, N. Y. 112,393.—Water-closet Valve.—A. J. Smith, San Francisco, Cal. 112,394.—Gang Plow.—J. W. Sursa, San Leandro, Cal. 112,395.—Grinding Pan and Amalgamator.—W. H. Thoss, West Point, Cal. 112,396.—Street Lantern.—Augustus Tufts, Malden, Mass. 112,397.—Cooking Stove.—Alvin Warren, Swanton, Ohio. 112,398.—Safety Bridle.—James Weatherhead, San José, Cal. 112,399.—Fire Grate.—George Wellhouse, Akron, Ohio. 112,400.—Hay Knife.—G. F. Weymouth, Dresden, Me. 112,401.—Claw Bar.—Charles Winter, Chillicothe, Ohio. 112,402.—Steam Generator.—J. C. Woodhead, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,403.—Animal Trap.—W. D. Wrightson, Queenstown England. 112,404.—Brush.—John Ames, Lansingburg, N. Y. 112,405.—Clod Fender.—F. L. Bailey, Freeport, Ind. 112,406.—Ruler.—H. S. Ball, Spartanburg, S. C. 112,407.—Fanning Mill.—Benjamin Barney, Time, Ill. 112,408.—Ice-cutting Machine.—Lafayett Barnum (assignor to himself and A. R. Hale), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,409.—Manufacture of Ice.—T. J. Bigger, Kansas City, Mo. 112,410.—Machine for Heading Bolts and Spikes.—Reinhold Boeklen, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to himself and Henry Torstrick New York city. Antedated Feb. 28, 1871. 112,411.—Washing Machine.—Joseph Boswell, L. M. Boswell, Jonathan Palmer, and J. H. James (assignors to themselves and Thomas Starbuck), Wilmington, Ohio. 112,412.—Water Wheel.—E. C. Boyles, New York city. 112,413.—Cotton Press.—R. M. Brooks, Pike county, Ga. 112,414.—Paper-cutting Machine.—Samuel Brown (assignor to himself and C. R. Carver), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,415.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,416.—Governor for Direct-acting Engines.—A. S. Cameron, New York city. 112,417.—Butt Hinge.—J. W. Carleton (assignor to the Union Manufacturing Co.), New Britain, Conn. 112,418.—Machine for Cutting Sheet Metal.—C. R. Choate, East Saginaw, Mich. 112,419.—Bit Brace.—William Cleveland, Lawrence, Mass., assignor to himself and James Swan, Seymour, Conn. 112,420.—Steam Engine Governor.—C. A. Condé, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,421.—Carpet-cleaning Machine.—J. C. Craft (assignor to himself and Antonio Rosello), Baltimore, Md. 112,422.—Steam Regulator for Paper Dryers.—Daniel Crosby, Hampden, Me. 112 423.—Metallic Piston and Valve Rod Packing.—G. M. Cruickshank, Providence, R. I. 112,424.—Grain-thrashing and Separating Machine.—John Culham, Grand Rapids, Mich. Antedated Feb. 25, 1871. 112,425.—Cooking Stove.—David Curtis, Mishawaka, assignor to himself and C. B. Graham, South Bend, Ind. 112,426.—Lightning Rod.—S. D. Cushman, New Lisbon, Ohio. 112,427.—Hose Bridge.—Patrick Daily (assignor to himself and J. J. Kehoe), New York city. 112,428.—Cover for Openings in Sidewalks.—William Dale, New York city. 112,429.—Rotary Pump.—F. O. Deschamps, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,430.—Machine for Cutting Files.—James Dodge, Manchester, England, assignor to David Blake, Spencertown, N. Y. 112,431.—Coupling for Railway Cars.—Henry Dubs and S. G. Goodall-Copestake, Glasgow, Great Britain. 112,432.—Tobacco Pipe.—P. J. Dwyer, Elizabethport, N. J. 112,433.—Basket for House Plants.—Albert P. Eastman, Washington, D. C. 112,434.—Sulky Plow.—Milo A. Elliott, Stratford Hollow, N. H. 112,435.—Stretcher for Paintings.—James Fairman, New York city. 112,436.—Body Lantern Holder.—Samuel C. Fessenden, Stamford, Conn. 112,437.—Stove Leg.—Amon L. Finch, Sing Sing, N. Y. 112,438.—Pump Piston.—John S. Follansbee and George Doolittle (assignors to the Forrester Manufacturing Company), Bridgeport, Conn. 112,439.—Shoe.—Samuel W. Francis (assignor to himself and W. H. Newton), Newport, R. I. 112,440.—Guard-Finger for Harvesters.—George Fyfe and Chester Hard, Ottawa, Ill. 112,441.—Dining Table.—S. R. Gardner (assignor to himself and S. M. Marquette), Independence, Iowa. 112,442.—Step Ladder.—M. Boland Geary, New York City. 112,443.—Oilcloth Printing Machinery.—Ebenezer A. Goodes (assignor to Philadelphia Patent and Novelty Company), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,444.—Tenoning Machine.—Lyman Gould, Norwich, Conn. 112,445.—Printer's Case.—Wm. H. A. Gresham, Atlanta, Ga. 112,446.—Lamp Chimney.—Geo. W. Griswold, Factoryville, Pa. 112,447.—Grain Separator.—Philander Griswold, Hudson, Mich. 112,448.—Clamp for Thill Couplings.—John W. Guider (assignor to himself and John Kiefer), St. Joseph, Mo. 112,449.—Bird Cage.—Gottlob Gunther, New York city. 112,450.—Stop Cock and Valve.—William Haas, New York city. 112,451.—Valve for Steam Engines.—Joseph L. Harley, Baltimore, Md., and Xaver Fendrich, Georgetown, D. C. 112,452.—Metallic Hub.—John H. Harper, Pittsburgh, Pa. 112,453.—Composition for Lubricating Machinery.—E. Q. Henderson (assignor to John C. Burroughs and Richard A. Springs) Charlotte, N. C. 112,454.—Post-hole Digger.—Bryant B. Herrick, Decatur, Mich. 112,455.—Door Check.—Levi S. Hicks (assignor to himself, J. Perrin Johnson, and John Buell), Peoria, Ill. 112,456.—Railway-car Brake.—Luther Hill, Stoneham, and Seth D. Tripp, Lynn, Mass. 112,457.—Truss.—Adam Hinoult, Montgomery, N. Y. 112,458.—Feed Bag for Horses.—Walter A. Hough, South Butler, N. Y. 112,459.—Shade Holder for Lamps—Mark W. House, Cleveland, Ohio. 112,460.—Lamp Chimney.—Mark Wiggins House (assignor to the Cleveland Non-Explosive Lamp Company), Cleveland, Ohio. Antedated March 1, 1871. 112,461.—Horse Hay Rake.—James Howard and E. T. Bousfield, Bedford, England. 112,462.—Tongs for Rolling Barrels.—Mark W. Ingle, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,463.—Pitman.—George W. Jayson, Lodi, Ohio. 112,464.—Paste for Paper Hangings.—John Jones (assignor to himself and Henry A. Smith), New York city. 112,465.—Twine Holder.—Edward M. Judd, New Haven, Ct. 112,466.—Clothes Pin or Clasp.—Amos L. Keeports and William Yount, Littletown, Pa. 112,467.—Putting up Hams.—Samuel Edward Kelly, Philadelphia, Pa. 112,468.—Limn Kiln.—Thomas A. Kirk, Kansas City, Mo. 112,469.—Fastening for Seats for Wagons or Sleighs.—John G. Knapp and John F. Robertson (assignors of one third their right to James H. Holly), Warwick, N. Y. 112,470.—Potato Planter.—George Knowlton (assignor for one-half his right to N. Haynes), Johnstown, Pa. 112,471.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,472.—Revolving Firearm.—Edwin S. Leaycroft, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor, by mesne assignment, to "Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company," Hartford, Conn. 112,473.—Railroad Cattle-Guard Gate.—J. H. Mallory, La Porte, Ind. 112,474.—Back-reflecting Mirror.—Richard Mason (assignor to himself and Matthew Ely), Newark, N. J. 112,475.—Ventilator and Chimney Top.—James McGowan (assignor to himself and Daniel H. Waring), New York city. 112,476.—Apparatus for Rectifying and Refining Spirits.—Frederick Measey (assignor to himself and Henry D. Fling), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,477.—Tin Can.—John F. Merrill (assignor to himself and Alexander Stewart), Cincinnati, Ohio. 112,478.—Take-up Mechanism for Looms.—John Michna and Joseph Fischer, New York city. 112,479.—Combined Baker and Broiler.—Wm. H. Miller, Brandenburg, Ky. 112,480.—Shuttle for Sewing Machines.—James D. Moore, Grinnell, Iowa. 112,481.—Cotton Chopper and Grain Cultivator.—Daniel Mosely, Osark, Arkansas. 112,482.—Sad and Fluting Iron.—Frederick Myers, New York city. 112,483.—Reed for Organs and Melodeons.—Augustus Newell, Chicago, Ill. 112,484.—Straw Cutter.—Amon Park, Germanville, Iowa. 112,485.—Apparatus for Aging Whisky and Other Spirits.—Josiah Peiffer and Samuel Richards, Valonia, Pa. 112,486.—Combined Cotton and Corn Planter.—Louis A. Perrault (assignor to himself and Joseph Huber), Natchez, Miss. 112,487.—Faucet.—Solomon Pfleger, Reading, assignor to himself and J. S. Pfleger, Tamaqua, Pa. 112,488.—Treadle.—George K. Proctor, Salem, Mass. 112,489.—Lubricating Compound.—Victory Purdy, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 112,490.—Fertilizer and Seeding Machine.—Archibald Putnam (assignor to Elizabeth Putnam), Owego, N. Y. 112,491.—Rotary Pump.—George W. Putnam, South Glens Falls, N. Y. 112,492.—Hat Brush.—Robert Dunbar Radcliffe, Palmyra, N. Y. 112,493.—Refrigerating Show Case.—Thomas L. Rankin, Lyndon, Kansas, assignor to himself and D. W. Rockwell, Elyria, Ohio. 112,494.—Device for Starting and Stopping Cars.—Philip Rhoads, Carlisle, Pa. 112,495.—Pipe-molding Machine.—George Richardson, Milwaukee, Wis. 112,496.—Sulky Cultivator.—Richard B. Robbins, Adrian, Mich. 112,497.—Hand Plow.—Nelson Rue, Harrodsburg, Ky. 112,498.—Mechanical Movement.—Edward G. Russell, Ravenna, Ohio. 112,499.—Railway Car Brake.—Lyman Alphonzo Russell, Shrewsbury, Vt. 112,500.—Stovepipe Cleaner.—David Sanford, Ashton, Ill. 112,501.—Twine Holder.—Joseph B. Sargent and Purmont Bradford (assignors to Sargent & Co.), New Haven, Conn. 112,502.—Dovetailing Machine.—James M. Seymour, Newark, N. J. 112,503.—Wooden Pavement.—Eaton Shaw, Portland, Me. 112,504.—Guard for Circular Saws.—George W. Shipman, Ischua, N. Y. 112,505.—Breech-loading Firearm.—Dexter Smith and Martin J. Chamberlin, Springfield, Mass. 112,506.—Spark Arrester.—James Smith, Altoona, Pa. 112,507.—Horse Hay Rake.—Solomon P. Smith, Waterford, N. Y. 112,508.—Plow.—S. M. Stewart, New Harrisburg, Ohio. 112,509.—Medical Compound for Treating Fever and Ague.—George E. Swan, Mount Vernon, Ohio. 112,510.—Device for Cooling Journals of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,511.—Cooling Journal of Car Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,512.—Cooling Journal of Car-wheel Axles.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,513.—Device for Cooling Journals of Railway Cars.—Henry G. Thompson, Milford, Conn. 112,514.—Non-heating Handle for Sad Irons, etc.—William H. Towers, Boston, Mass. 112,515.—Lubricator.—John Erst Uhl, Renovo, Pa. 112,516.—Combined Corn Planter and Cultivator.—Franklin Underwood, South Rutland, N. Y. 112,517.—King Bolt.—Wendel Vondersaar, Indianapolis, Ind. 112,518.—Wheat Roaster.—George W. Waitt (assignor to himself and Robert B. Fitts), Philadelphia, Pa. 112,519.—Plaster Sower.—Thomas J. West, Alfred Center, N. Y. 112,520.—Ticket Holder.—Henry Wexel, Providence, R. I. 112,521.—Tobacco Press.—Abraham N. Zell, Lancaster, Pa. 112,522.—Combined Bag Holder and Scales.—William Zimmerman, Lebanon, Pa. Antedated February 25, 1871. 112,523.—Breech-loading Firearm.—James M. Mason, Washington, D. C. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. 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Official lists of patents

Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes by Charles Babbage, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . APPENDIX, No. 3. here APPENDIX, No. 3, MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, OR HAVE BEEN ON THE COUNCIL. N. B.—The Numbers are made up to the present year for the Papers, but only to 1827 for Members of the Council. No. of     No. of
     Papers     years on
     printed    Council.
     in Phil.
     Trans.————        ———-
       3                 Aberdeen, Earl of.
       3           3     Abernethy, John.
                   2     Allan, Thomas.
       3                 Allen, William.
                   1     Arden, Lord.
                   1     Atholl, Duke of.
       7           2     Babbage, Charles,
                   1     Babington, William.
       1           2     Baily,Francis.
       9                 Barlow, Peter. (C)
                   2     Barnard, Sir F. Augusta.
                   5     Barrow, John.
       2                 Bauer, Francis.
       1                 Bayley, John.
                   1     Beaufort, Francis.
                   2     Beaufoy, Henry.
       5                 Bell, Charles.
                   1     Bingley, Robert.
                   1     Blackburne, John.
                   3     Blake, William.
       1           3     Blane, Sir Gilbert.
       1           1     Blizard, Sir William.
       1           1     Bostock, John.
      12          10     Brande, Wm. Thos. (C)
      16                 Brewster, David. (C)
       6           1     Brodie, B. Collins. (C)
       1                 Bromhead Sir E. F.
       3                 Brougham, Henry.
                   1     Browne, Henry.
                   1     Brown, Robert.
                   2     Brownlow, Earl.
       1                 Buckland, Rev. W. (C)
                   1     Burney, Rev. C. Parr.
                   1     Canterbury, Archbp. of.
                   1     Carew, Rt. Hon. R. P.
       7                 Carlisle, Sir Anthony.
                   2     Carlisle, Nicholas.
       1                 Carne, Joseph.
                   1     Carrington, Sir C. E.
                   2     Charleville, Earl of.
       7           2     Chenevix, Richard. (C)
       3           4     Children, John George.
      10                 Christie, Sam. Hunter.
                   1     Clerk, Sir George.
       2                 Clift, William.
       9                 Cloyne, Bishop of. (C)
                   2     Colby, Colonel Thomas.
                   1     Colebrooke, Henry T.
       2           2     Cooper, Sir Astley P. (C)
                   1     Crichton, Sir Alex.
                   5     Croker, John Wilson.
                   1     Cullum, Sir T. Gery.
       2                 Dalton, John.
                   2     Darnley, Earl of
       1                 Darwin, Robert Waring.
       1                 Davis, John Francis.
       2                 Davy, Edmund.
      13                 Davy, John.
       3                 Dyllwin, Lewis Weston.
       1                 Dollond, George.
                   1     Dudley and Ward, Visc.
       2                 Earle, Henry.
                   1     Egremont, Earl of.
       1                 Fallows, Rev. Fearon.
       8                 Faraday, Michael.
                   1     Farnborough, Lord.
       1                 Fisher, Rev. George.
                   1     Fly, Rev. Henry.
       2                 Foster, Henry.
       1           1     Frankland, Sir Thomas.
       1                 Gibbes, Sir Geo, Smith.
       2          13     Gilbert, Davies.
                   2     Gillies, John.
       5                 Goldingham, John.
       3           1     Gompertz, Benjamin.
                   1     Goodenough, George T.
                   2     Gordon, Sir James W.
       3                 Granville, Augustus B.
       1                 Greatorex, Thomas.
       1                 Greenough, Geo.Bellas.
       1                 Griffiths, John.
       3           1     Groombridge, Stephen.
                   1     Halford, Sir Henry.
       2                 Hall, Basil.
                   1     Hamilton, Wm. Rich.
                   2     Hardwicke, Earl of.
       2                 Harvey, George.
       1                 Harwood, J.
      16          10     Hatchett, Charles. (C)
                   1     Hawkins, John.
       2           2     Heberden, William.
       9                 Hellins, Rev. John, (C)
                   1     Henley, Morton Lord.
      10                 Henry, William. (C)
      12           6     Herschel, John F.W. (C)
                   1     Hoare, Henry Hugh
                   1     Hoare, Sir Richard Colt.
                   2     Hobhouse, Sir Benj.
       1                 Holland, Henry.
     109          16     Home, Sir Everard. (C)
       2                 Hope, Thomas Charles.
       1                 Hosack, David.
       1           1     Horsburgh, James.
       1                 Howard, Luke.
       2                 Hume, Sir Abraham.
       7           2     Ivory, James.C.
                   1     Jekyll, Joseph.
       4           1     Johnson, Jas. Rawlins.
      13           7     Kater, Capt. Henry. (C)
       2                 Kidd, John.
      24           1     Knight, Thomas A. (C)
       1           1     Konig, Charles.
                   2     Lambert, Aylmer B.
                   1     Lansdowne, Marquis of.
       1           1     Latham, John.
       2                 Lax, Rev. William.
       1                 Leach, William Elford.
                   1     Lowther, Viscount.
       2                 Macartney, James.
       2                 Macdonald, Lieut. Col.
                   1     Mac Grigor, Sir James.
                   2     Mac Leay, Alexander.
                   1     Mansfield, Earl of
       4          11     Marsden, William.
                   1     Mathias, Thomas Jas.
                   3     Maton, William George.
       1                 Miller, Lieut. Col. G.
                   2     Montagu, Matthew.
       7           4     Morgan, William.
                   1     Mount Edgecumbe, Earl of.
                   3     Murdoch, Thomas.
                   2     Nicholl, Rt. Hon. Sir J.
                   1     Norfolk, Duke of.
                   2     Ord, Craven.
       1                 Parry, Charles Henry.
                   1     Pepys, Sir Lucas.
       6           2     Pepys, Wm. Hasledine.
       7                 Philip, A. P. Wilson.
       1                 Phillips, Richard.
                   2     Pitt, William Morton.
       1          29     Planta, Joseph.
      19          17     Pond, John.  (C)
       2                 Powell, Rev. Baden.
       2                 Prinsep, James.
       4           1     Prout William.
                   1     Rackett, Rev. Thomas.
                   1     Redesdale, Lord.
                   2     Reeves, John.
       5           3     Rennell, James  (C)
       1                 Rennie, George.
       4                 Ritchie,
       1                 Robertson, James.
                   1     Rogers, Samuel.
       2           1     Roget, Peter Mark.
                   3     Rudge, Edward.
      12                 Sabine, Edward. (C)
                   2     Sabine, Joseph.
                   1     St. Aubyn, Sir John.
       3                 Scoresby, jun. William.
       2                 Scott, John Corse.
       3           1     Seppings, Sir Robert. (C)
       1                 Sewell, Sir John.
                   3     Somerset, Duke of.
                   3     Sotheby, William.
       3           2     South, James. (C)
                   5     Spencer, Earl.
                   3     Stanley, Sir John Thos.
                   3     Staunton, Sir Geo. Thos.
                   2     Stowell,Lord.
                   1     Sumner, George Holme.
       1                 Thomas, Honoratus L.
       2                 Thomson, Thomas.
       1                 Tiarks, Dr. John Lewis.
       1                 Troughton, Edward. (C)
       2                 Ure, Andrew.
                   2     Warburton, Henry.
       1                 Weaver, Thomas.
       1                 Whewell, William.
       3                 Whidbey, Joseph.
       2           3     Wilkins, Charles.
       3                 Williams, John Lloyd.
       1           1     Wilson, Sir Giffin.
                   2     Wilson, Gloucester.
                   1     Yorke, Rt. Hon. Chas. I had intended to have printed a list of those persons to whom the Royal Society had in past years awarded the Copley medals, and the reasons for which they were given; but having applied to the Council for permission to employ an amanuensis, to copy those awards, either from the minutes, or from the volumes of the Philosophical Transactions, I was surprised at receiving a refusal. I confess it appeared to me, that as a whole, those adjudications did us credit, although I doubted the propriety of many individual cases. As, however, the Council seem to have had a different opinion, and as I had made the application through courtesy, I shall decline printing a list, every individual portion of which has been already published in many ways, although the whole has never been printed in a collected form. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Charles Babbage (1998).Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1216/pg1216-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

LIST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY, WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS

As businesses rush headlong into the embrace of AI, they continue to be reminded that AI has much to learn. In the latest cringe-worthy episode of , The Guardian has with a poll that appeared in Microsoft’s news aggregator, , alongside a Guardian article. The Guardian had published a story about the death of 21-year-old Lilie James, whose body was found with serious head injuries in Australia. The Microsoft-generated poll, labeled “Insights from AI,” tastelessly asked readers to vote on how a woman had died, giving them the options of murder, accident, or suicide. #AIFail accused Microsoft of damaging its reputation Microsoft Start The Guardian wrote that even though the poll was removed, it had already caused harm. Comments on the Guardian story from five days ago indicate that readers were upset, and some clearly believed that the story’s authors were responsible for the poll. Microsoft syndicated the Guardian article as part of a licensing agreement with The Guardian that allows Microsoft to republish their articles on Microsoft Start in exchange for a share of the advertising revenue. This incident was certainly not a good look for Microsoft’s application of AI. AI Blowback Journalists covering the incident have been quick to make the story about people versus AI, noting that Microsoft that discussed the many times Microsoft Start has published false and bizarre information since replacing editors with AI, including claims that President Biden fell asleep during a moment of silence for wildfire victims and that the Democratic Party is orchestrating the latest surge in Covid-19 cases. . replaced its human editors with AI in 2020 CNN wrote a damning article The themes are compelling: people versus machines, with society suffering the fallout when machines win. And certainly, Microsoft is not the only company experiencing blowback as a result of an over-reliance on AI. For example, in 2020, Google, with its tail between its legs, after repeated errors with its AI system. returned to using humans for YouTube moderation It’s easy to find more examples of AI gaffes, as there are plenty of websites (such as ) that faithfully document them. These issues can do far more than create embarrassment – they can lead to discrimination, the proliferation of inaccurate information, and many other unacceptable outcomes. “9 Famous Analytics and AI Disasters” recently published on CIO The Culprit: The Profit Motive But AI does not replace people. People make a decision to replace people with AI. And why do they do that? For the same reason people are replaced with any technology: the profit motive. That’s why Microsoft gutted its news division in 2022. AI doesn’t require healthcare benefits and salaries. AI learns without the expense of training human beings. Businesses are not charities. But smart businesses think in terms of long-term growth, not short-term gains. They build brand equity instead of damaging their brands with misguided decisions. They value nuance over blunt-force thinking. And yet, time and time again, businesses have struggled to manage the dynamic between technology and people in a more nuanced way. AI is just the latest manifestation of that problem. The recently published book by Gerald C. Kane, Anh Nguyen Phillips, Jonathan R. Copulsky, and Garth R. Andrus, argues that a technology-first approach will harm organizations as they respond to inevitable waves of digital change. Selecting and implementing the right digital technologies is unlikely to lead to success, and the best way to respond to digital disruption is by shifting company culture to being more agile, risk-tolerant, and experimental. , The Technology Fallacy The authors drew on four years of research and conducted in partnership with MIT Sloan Management Review and Deloitte, surveying more than 16,000 people. In an interview, they noted that . accepting failure is part of achieving maturity with any digital technology That’s certainly true. Accepting failure truly happens when we learn from it, and more and more strategists, thinkers, and doers are advocating for a more responsible application of AI that involves , not blind application of AI. Simply replacing people with AI is a step in the wrong direction. But decision-makers motivated purely by the profit motive will keep traveling down this treacherous path, which begs the question: why would businesses chase after short-term gains from technology and ignore the long-term value of people? The profit motive alone doesn’t explain everything. There’s also: human supervision of AI Publicly traded companies are under pressure to meet investors’ expectations quarter by quarter. Trimming the workforce almost always makes a company’s CEO and CFO look like they’re making tough but necessary decisions for the good of their organization. It’s an easy story to spin, and it’s not uncommon for companies to enjoy a when they announce job cuts. The tyranny of meeting investors’ expectations. rise in their stock prices . Cutting people from the workforce is a lot easier than managing a far-reaching transformation program. Eliminating jobs requires you run the numbers, weigh the legal risks, and craft the story you want to spin. Transforming an enterprise requires something much more: vision, creativity, consensus building, adroit communication, change management skills, and a wise investment in technology. It’s easier to cut people than find the kind of people who know how to manage far-reaching change. And when your business is under pressure to meet short-term investor expectations, blunt-force thinking becomes the only thinking. The appeal of blunt-force thinking I cannot imagine any C-level executive dismissing AI in their long-term growth planning. Decision makers cannot deny that AI also holds great promise to improve employees’ performance, not replace them – and in that regard, the profit motive can lead to a more long-term and thoughtful strategy to empower people with AI, not replace them. There’s just too much good thinking emerging to support that premise. Ironically, Microsoft’s stated a compelling case for AI to empower employees, and then Microsoft . Work Trends Index report announced a product to do just that But, if the growth strategy consists of a simplistic decision to replace people with AI, those decision-makers are playing with fire.  AI can replace people at all levels, including a CEO (and in one well-publicized example, an ). ; some might even welcome it. If C-level executives aspire to replace people with AI, how far are they willing to go? AI might make that decision for them. AI-powered virtual humanoid robot already has done so And apparently CEOs are waking up to this reality Photo by on julien Tromeur Unsplash

AI Failure and the Profit Motive

BUSINESS LETTERS

In March 2014, the world watched in collective disbelief and growing concern as Malaysia Airlines Flight mysteriously vanished from radar screens, sparking one of the most extensive search operations in aviation history. MH370 The flight, en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing with 239 people on board, never reached its destination. Despite considerable efforts from multiple nations, the Boeing 777's whereabouts remain largely unknown, leaving behind a trail of questions and a void that theories and speculations have sought to fill. New findings, including purportedly from a US drone and satellite, have breathed new life into the discussions and speculations surrounding this lasting air travel enigma. remarkable footage This refreshed theory explores the mysterious domain of UAPs, a term recently brought into the spotlight by Retired Maj. David Grusch, a former Air Force intelligence officer, during congressional testimonies. Initial conversations and footage about MH370, alongside purported UAP encounters, first re-appeared on Reddit, later transitioned to 4Chan, and have since spread to X/Twitter. Today Mr. Fireside sits down with Ashton Forbes, the digital-citizen-investigator who has recently delved into the online realm to unravel the intricacies of this mystery. Hello! Who are you, and what do you do? Hi, I’m . I’m the organizer of MH370x, a group dedicated to solving the mystery of the MH370 videos that reemerged in August, after having been on the internet for 9+ years. Ashton Forbes What's your backstory, and how did MH370X come about? I saw the videos on and started collecting the various analyses I saw the community put together. When I saw the proof that the satellite video was a Citrix session logged into the actual spy database, I decided I would start writing about them and working on the story. I started gaining a following and became the defacto spokesperson for the authenticity of the videos. I realized it would be difficult to impeach me, I was never part of the UFO community before seeing these videos. I have always looked into airplane crashes because I found them interesting and was never satisfied with the conclusion for MH370. Even before I saw these videos I knew the US Government had to know what really happened. Reddit A rogue 777 doesn’t just go missing in a post-9/11 world. https://vimeo.com/104295906?embedable=true Describe the process of investigating MH370. My strategy has been meticulously planned in order to leave no doubt as to the authenticity of the videos. I’ve watched whistleblowers that have been attacked like Bob Lazar and David Grusch and realized that the mainstream media would never give these videos a platform as it implicates them directly in the coverup. Instead, we had to build a following that was well-informed as to the evidence that cannot be denied. My following has steadily grown, and after podcast and revealing my full identity, exploded. I went from 30 followers 2 months ago to 5100 now, and growing each day. Now we have more engagement than accounts 10x our size. Everything we’ve done has been sleuthing on the internet, pulling old deleted web archives, or just research from the time of the incident. I don’t do anything anymore except my normal job and research MH370, though one day I’d like to go back to being a normal person when we get the answers we seek. The MH370x team is based out of our discord and it’s a very respectful place. There are some really dedicated and intelligent people pulling information I would have never found myself. The Confessionals Now the good stuff. Why do you think what we’re seeing on video, 3 orbs dancing around a plane before it vanishes is real, and why do you think this is MH370? The videos are real due to the evidence we’ve provided. The Citrix session proof negates all prosaic explanations. But I know that’s not enough because many people are close-minded and believe what the TV tells them is true. So we’ve established the assets filming, the location, the time, a witness, and the person who likely leaked the videos, AND we’ve now shown that it was likely an emergency event from a fire with the 221kg of lithium-ion batteries in the cargo hold. We follow the scientific method. Come up with a theory/hypothesis, then try to use the evidence we can find to support that theory and fit it within the story. We only exclude evidence if we find it not credible or not supported by any facts, such as the idea that the plane crashed into the ocean without leaving a debris field, which is impossible. I question my own understanding of the videos every single day. To date, there’s been not a single reason to doubt the authenticity of the videos, and I find that very telling. I would show a judge the flyover of USA-229 with its sister satellite pair and the 3D video and have the judge wear blue and red glasses to watch it. Then I would give them the list of requirements to fake the videos within the time period of just 4 days. I would show them the anomalous Inmarsat ping data at 18:40UTC, the same time as the satellite video and the quotes from the company themselves that showed they didn’t even believe their own data. Finally, I would explain how the SOSUS system heard the Titan sub implode and the Navy lied about it for 5 days while the oxygen counters went down on national TV, and that the same system would have heard MH370 hit the ocean but didn’t. I’d also then give them the evidence that 19 family members could call the cell phones of the victims including one on live television. What about the debunkers, there are some people who say that this is a hoax and they point to things like the wormhole being a visual effect that has been edited in. The #1 ‘ ’ is the ‘VFX’ debunk that a sock puppet 1-day-old account on Reddit posted without defending that has been linked to Mick West of metabunk. He is the only real person to claim to have found the effect from an obscure 90s video game, in under one day, after repeatedly stating he wouldn’t look into the videos. He was forced to because the momentum that they were real became overwhelming. debunk As to the 2D, low-quality, VFX itself, it objectively doesn’t match as a statement of fact, not even on a single frame. All dispersion patterns are similar, but it doesn’t make them the same. All anyone has to say to debunk this is “How many pixels match,” and no one has answered the question to date because it would prove them to be a liar showing the effects don’t match. Furthermore, a 2D effect can’t be used in a 3D rendering, which would be required to fake multiple perspectives in perfect synchronicity. The VFX is not even the same color. The VFX effect is a white explosion. Our videos are a dark, black, cold event. There’s no basis for a hoaxer to even think to make the videos look as they do. Lastly, even if it were a match, which it’s not, it wouldn’t debunk the videos. They’re still real videos of MH370 where the US government lied. Tell us about the families of the passengers. Have any of them reached out to you? I reached out to all the family members I could find from the Netflix documentary on Twitter after several weeks and respectfully told them about the videos and that they could ask me any questions. None have responded to date. 19 of the victim’s family members signed a statement saying they could call the phones of the victims and as far as I can tell it was not responded to nor did they try to trace the phones, which should have been possible if they could ring. You’ve mentioned an image that Chinese authorities shared at the time which also showed orbs, tell us about this image. Just google ‘Chinese Satellite MH370’ and you’ll find the image. It was reported in Western media as ‘debris’ but no debris was found thereupon the search. If you look at this picture it looks like 3 orbs in a triangle formation. Not sure what the purpose of this was but it feels like a spycraft. The Phillip Wood 4Chan post is odd, tell us about it. I rebuked this using a source I found online that showed that the picture is not modified and consistent with what a real picture and real EXIF data would look like. Mick West objectively lied when debunking this photo. picture Conclusions Any photo taken using iPhone 5 and later edited using Picasa software does not result in the 'Picasa' ASCII string being inserted into the "Software" IFD entry data*, unlike what is seen in the 1395192158752.jpg photo.* 1. When non-standard camera app features in a smartphone or the camera inside an app like Picasa Web Albums App are used to take a picture, it can result in the shorter 2 coordinates (Latitude and Longitude) format GPS info being stored in the EXIF data. This would definitely be the case when the GPS info was added later by the app, because of the unavailability of the GPS satellite signal when the photo was taken. 2. Since, in the "Software" IFD entry data seen in the 1395192158752.jpg photo, the 'Picasa' ASCII string is present as one of the strings in the 6-string format characteristic of an iPhone photo, the software that inserted this string into the image must have been aware that this image was taken using an iPhone and so in all likelihood, it was the Picasa Web Albums App on Phillip's iPhone 5*, which inserted that string into the "Software" IFD entry data.* So, this was an authentic post from Philip's iPhone and it is in alignment with the fact that the original post was deleted, most likely, when Philip's captors found out about it and confiscated the iPhone, using which they could have deleted the original post. 3. https://x.com/JustXAshton/status/1706761097053688291?s=20 Knowing what you know now, why would someone do this? What would their motivation be? Given the new evidence of the lithium battery fire, the rationale would seem to be to save the airplane from certain doom. Whether or not you believe it was done to save the VIPs with reverse-engineered technology or Non-Human Intelligence, I leave it to the community to decide. Where do you think the plane is now? It's the place Marc Dugain, Kate Tee, and pretty much every conspiracy theory claimed it went. Diego Garcia. It's one of the only places that can hide a 777. It's in the middle of the Indian Ocean and not open to commercial craft. They had no departures for 3 days after March 8th, 2014. There are doppelgangers on the island for both pilots and all the crew. The Phillip Wood EXIF data that Mick West falsely debunked, and I rebunked, is not fake, and points to Diego Garcia. He made a message on 4chan claiming to be drugged and held prisoner. What if you are wrong about all this? That won’t happen. It’s been 9 years. They searched everywhere already where the plane could even have theoretically gone. I’m 100% confident. It would have happened by now. Where do you see this story of MH370 (MH370x)  going next? We’ll keep going until we get an admission from the US Government that the videos are real, or until the entire world knows the official story is a lie, whichever comes first. How do we know you’re not some 3 letter agent? None of the evidence requires trusting me. People who lie tell you what to think. I simply present the evidence and let you come to your own conclusions on what to believe. I don’t string people along and I always deliver. Where can we go to learn more? on Twitter. Our Subreddit, /r/MH370x was falsely banned by people who hope to silence us. You can find my content on /r/conspiracy on occasion, I’m . @JustXAshton u/additional_ad3796 Thank you, Ashton! Mr. Fireside. Also published here.

Deciphering Digital Trails: Ashton Forbes on the new MH370 Internet Investigation

Barchester Towers by Anthony Trollope is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Who Will Be the New Bishop? here Who Will Be the New Bishop? In the latter days of July in the year 185––, a most important question was for ten days hourly asked in the cathedral city of Barchester, and answered every hour in various ways—Who was to be the new bishop? The death of old Dr. Grantly, who had for many years filled that chair with meek authority, took place exactly as the ministry of Lord –––– was going to give place to that of Lord ––––. The illness of the good old man was long and lingering, and it became at last a matter of intense interest to those concerned whether the new appointment should be made by a conservative or liberal government. It was pretty well understood that the outgoing premier had made his selection and that if the question rested with him, the mitre would descend on the head of Archdeacon Grantly, the old bishop's son. The archdeacon had long managed the affairs of the diocese, and for some months previous to the demise of his father rumour had confidently assigned to him the reversion of his father's honours. Bishop Grantly died as he had lived, peaceably, slowly, without pain and without excitement. The breath ebbed from him almost imperceptibly, and for a month before his death it was a question whether he were alive or dead. A trying time was this for the archdeacon, for whom was designed the reversion of his father's see by those who then had the giving away of episcopal thrones. I would not be understood to say that the prime minister had in so many words promised the bishopric to Dr. Grantly. He was too discreet a man for that. There is a proverb with reference to the killing of cats, and those who know anything either of high or low government places will be well aware that a promise may be made without positive words and that an expectant may be put into the highest state of encouragement, though the great man on whose breath he hangs may have done no more than whisper that "Mr. So-and-So is certainly a rising man." Such a whisper had been made, and was known by those who heard it to signify that the cures of the diocese of Barchester should not be taken out of the hands of the archdeacon. The then prime minister was all in all at Oxford, and had lately passed a night at the house of the Master of Lazarus. Now the Master of Lazarus—which is, by the by, in many respects the most comfortable as well as the richest college at Oxford—was the archdeacon's most intimate friend and most trusted counsellor. On the occasion of the prime minister's visit, Dr. Grantly was of course present, and the meeting was very gracious. On the following morning Dr. Gwynne, the master, told the archdeacon that in his opinion the thing was settled. At this time the bishop was quite on his last legs; but the ministry also were tottering. Dr. Grantly returned from Oxford, happy and elated, to resume his place in the palace and to continue to perform for the father the last duties of a son, which, to give him his due, he performed with more tender care than was to be expected from his usual somewhat worldly manners. A month since, the physicians had named four weeks as the outside period during which breath could be supported within the body of the dying man. At the end of the month the physicians wondered, and named another fortnight. The old man lived on wine alone, but at the end of the fortnight he still lived, and the tidings of the fall of the ministry became more frequent. Sir Lamda Mewnew and Sir Omicron Pie, the two great London doctors, now came down for the fifth time and declared, shaking their learned heads, that another week of life was impossible; and as they sat down to lunch in the episcopal dining-room, whispered to the archdeacon their own private knowledge that the ministry must fall within five days. The son returned to his father's room and, after administering with his own hands the sustaining modicum of madeira, sat down by the bedside to calculate his chances. The ministry were to be out within five days: his father was to be dead within—no, he rejected that view of the subject. The ministry were to be out, and the diocese might probably be vacant at the same period. There was much doubt as to the names of the men who were to succeed to power, and a week must elapse before a cabinet was formed. Would not vacancies be filled by the outgoing men during this week? Dr. Grantly had a kind of idea that such would be the case but did not know, and then he wondered at his own ignorance on such a question. He tried to keep his mind away from the subject, but he could not. The race was so very close, and the stakes were so very high. He then looked at the dying man's impassive, placid face. There was no sign there of death or disease; it was something thinner than of yore, somewhat grayer, and the deep lines of age more marked; but, as far as he could judge, life might yet hang there for weeks to come. Sir Lamda Mewnew and Sir Omicron Pie had thrice been wrong, and might yet be wrong thrice again. The old bishop slept during twenty of the twenty-four hours, but during the short periods of his waking moments, he knew both his son and his dear old friend, Mr. Harding, the archdeacon's father-in-law, and would thank them tenderly for their care and love. Now he lay sleeping like a baby, resting easily on his back, his mouth just open, and his few gray hairs straggling from beneath his cap; his breath was perfectly noiseless, and his thin, wan hand, which lay above the coverlid, never moved. Nothing could be easier than the old man's passage from this world to the next. But by no means easy were the emotions of him who sat there watching. He knew it must be now or never. He was already over fifty, and there was little chance that his friends who were now leaving office would soon return to it. No probable British prime minister but he who was now in, he who was so soon to be out, would think of making a bishop of Dr. Grantly. Thus he thought long and sadly, in deep silence, and then gazed at that still living face, and then at last dared to ask himself whether he really longed for his father's death. The effort was a salutary one, and the question was answered in a moment. The proud, wishful, worldly man sank on his knees by the bedside and, taking the bishop's hand within his own, prayed eagerly that his sins might be forgiven him. His face was still buried in the clothes when the door of the bedroom opened noiselessly and Mr. Harding entered with a velvet step. Mr. Harding's attendance at that bedside had been nearly as constant as that of the archdeacon, and his ingress and egress was as much a matter of course as that of his son-in-law. He was standing close beside the archdeacon before he was perceived, and would also have knelt in prayer had he not feared that his doing so might have caused some sudden start and have disturbed the dying man. Dr. Grantly, however, instantly perceived him and rose from his knees. As he did so Mr. Harding took both his hands and pressed them warmly. There was more fellowship between them at that moment than there had ever been before, and it so happened that after circumstances greatly preserved the feeling. As they stood there pressing each other's hands, the tears rolled freely down their cheeks. "God bless you, my dears," said the bishop with feeble voice as he woke. "God bless you—may God bless you both, my dear children." And so he died. There was no loud rattle in the throat, no dreadful struggle, no palpable sign of death, but the lower jaw fell a little from its place, and the eyes which had been so constantly closed in sleep now remained fixed and open. Neither Mr. Harding nor Dr. Grantly knew that life was gone, though both suspected it. "I believe it's all over," said Mr. Harding, still pressing the other's hands. "I think—nay, I hope it is." "I will ring the bell," said the other, speaking all but in a whisper. "Mrs. Phillips should be here." Mrs. Phillips, the nurse, was soon in the room, and immediately, with practised hand, closed those staring eyes. "It's all over, Mrs. Phillips?" asked Mr. Harding. "My lord's no more," said Mrs. Phillips, turning round and curtseying low with solemn face; "his lordship's gone more like a sleeping babby than any that I ever saw." "It's a great relief, Archdeacon," said Mr. Harding, "a great relief—dear, good, excellent old man. Oh that our last moments may be as innocent and as peaceful as his!" "Surely," said Mrs. Phillips. "The Lord be praised for all his mercies; but, for a meek, mild, gentle-spoken Christian, his lordship was—" and Mrs. Phillips, with unaffected but easy grief, put up her white apron to her flowing eyes. "You cannot but rejoice that it is over," said Mr. Harding, still consoling his friend. The archdeacon's mind, however, had already travelled from the death chamber to the closet of the prime minister. He had brought himself to pray for his father's life, but now that that life was done, minutes were too precious to be lost. It was now useless to dally with the fact of the bishop's death—useless to lose perhaps everything for the pretence of a foolish sentiment. But how was he to act while his father-in-law stood there holding his hand? How, without appearing unfeeling, was he to forget his father in the bishop—to overlook what he had lost, and think only of what he might possibly gain? "No, I suppose not," said he, at last, in answer to Mr. Harding. "We have all expected it so long." Mr. Harding took him by the arm and led him from the room. "We will see him again to-morrow morning," said he; "we had better leave the room now to the women." And so they went downstairs. It was already evening and nearly dark. It was most important that the prime minister should know that night that the diocese was vacant. Everything might depend on it; and so, in answer to Mr. Harding's further consolation, the archdeacon suggested that a telegraph message should be immediately sent off to London. Mr. Harding, who had really been somewhat surprised to find Dr. Grantly, as he thought, so much affected, was rather taken aback, but he made no objection. He knew that the archdeacon had some hope of succeeding to his father's place, though he by no means knew how highly raised that hope had been. "Yes," said Dr. Grantly, collecting himself and shaking off his weakness, "we must send a message at once; we don't know what might be the consequence of delay. Will you do it?' "I! Oh, yes; certainly. I'll do anything, only I don't know exactly what it is you want." Dr. Grantly sat down before a writing-table and, taking pen and ink, wrote on a slip of paper as follows:— By Electric Telegraph. For the Earl of ––––, Downing Street, or elsewhere. The Bishop of Barchester is dead. Message sent by the Rev. Septimus Harding. "There," said he. "Just take that to the telegraph office at the railway station and give it in as it is; they'll probably make you copy it on to one of their own slips; that's all you'll have to do; then you'll have to pay them half a crown." And the archdeacon put his hand in his pocket and pulled out the necessary sum. Mr. Harding felt very much like an errand-boy, and also felt that he was called on to perform his duties as such at rather an unseemly time, but he said nothing, and took the slip of paper and the proffered coin. "But you've put my name into it, Archdeacon." Mr. Harding got as far as the library door on his way to the station, when he suddenly remembered the news with which he was fraught when he entered the poor bishop's bedroom. He had found the moment so inopportune for any mundane tidings, that he had repressed the words which were on his tongue, and immediately afterwards all recollection of the circumstance was for the time banished by the scene which had occurred. "But, Archdeacon," said he, turning back, "I forgot to tell you—the ministry are out." "Out!" ejaculated the archdeacon, in a tone which too plainly showed his anxiety and dismay, although under the circumstances of the moment he endeavoured to control himself. "Out! Who told you so?" Mr. Harding explained that news to this effect had come down by electric telegraph, and that the tidings had been left at the palace door by Mr. Chadwick. The archdeacon sat silent for awhile meditating, and Mr. Harding stood looking at him. "Never mind," said the archdeacon at last; "send the message all the same. The news must be sent to someone, and there is at present no one else in a position to receive it. Do it at once, my dear friend; you know I would not trouble you, were I in a state to do it myself. A few minutes' time is of the greatest importance." Mr. Harding went out and sent the message, and it may be as well that we should follow it to its destination. Within thirty minutes of its leaving Barchester it reached the Earl of –––– in his inner library. What elaborate letters, what eloquent appeals, what indignant remonstrances he might there have to frame, at such a moment, may be conceived but not described! How he was preparing his thunder for successful rivals, standing like a British peer with his back to the sea-coal fire, and his hands in his breeches pockets—how his fine eye was lit up with anger, and his forehead gleamed with patriotism—how he stamped his foot as he thought of his heavy associates—how he all but swore as he remembered how much too clever one of them had been—my creative readers may imagine. But was he so engaged? No: history and truth compel me to deny it. He was sitting easily in a lounging chair, conning over a Newmarket list, and by his elbow on the table was lying open an uncut French novel on which he was engaged. He opened the cover in which the message was enclosed and, having read it, he took his pen and wrote on the back of it— For the Earl of ––––, With the Earl of ––––'s compliments and sent it off again on its journey. Thus terminated our unfortunate friend's chances of possessing the glories of a bishopric. The names of many divines were given in the papers as that of the bishop-elect. "The British Grandmother" declared that Dr. Gwynne was to be the man, in compliment to the late ministry. This was a heavy blow to Dr. Grantly, but he was not doomed to see himself superseded by his friend. "The Anglican Devotee" put forward confidently the claims of a great London preacher of austere doctrines; and "The Eastern Hemisphere," an evening paper supposed to possess much official knowledge, declared in favour of an eminent naturalist, a gentleman most completely versed in the knowledge of rocks and minerals, but supposed by many to hold on religious subjects no special doctrines whatever. "The Jupiter," that daily paper which, as we all know, is the only true source of infallibly correct information on all subjects, for awhile was silent, but at last spoke out. The merits of all these candidates were discussed and somewhat irreverently disposed of, and then "The Jupiter" declared that Dr. Proudie was to be the man. Dr. Proudie was the man. Just a month after the demise of the late bishop, Dr. Proudie kissed the Queen's hand as his successor-elect. We must beg to be allowed to draw a curtain over the sorrows of the archdeacon as he sat, sombre and sad at heart, in the study of his parsonage at Plumstead Episcopi. On the day subsequent to the dispatch of the message he heard that the Earl of –––– had consented to undertake the formation of a ministry, and from that moment he knew that his chance was over. Many will think that he was wicked to grieve for the loss of episcopal power, wicked to have coveted it, nay, wicked even to have thought about it, in the way and at the moments he had done so. With such censures I cannot profess that I completely agree. The , though still in use, is so directly at variance with the tendency of all human wishes, that it cannot be thought to express the true aspirations of rising priests in the Church of England. A lawyer does not sin in seeking to be a judge, or in compassing his wishes by all honest means. A young diplomat entertains a fair ambition when he looks forward to be the lord of a first-rate embassy; and a poor novelist, when he attempts to rival Dickens or rise above Fitzjeames, commits no fault, though he may be foolish. Sydney Smith truly said that in these recreant days we cannot expect to find the majesty of St. Paul beneath the cassock of a curate. If we look to our clergymen to be more than men, we shall probably teach ourselves to think that they are less, and can hardly hope to raise the character of the pastor by denying to him the right to entertain the aspirations of a man. nolo episcopari Our archdeacon was worldly—who among us is not so? He was ambitious—who among us is ashamed to own that "last infirmity of noble minds!" He was avaricious, my readers will say. No;—it was for no love of lucre that he wished to be Bishop of Barchester. He was his father's only child, and his father had left him great wealth. His preferment brought him in nearly three thousand a year. The bishopric, as cut down by the Ecclesiastical Commission, was only five. He would be a richer man as archdeacon than he could be as bishop. But he certainly did desire to play first fiddle; he did desire to sit in full lawn sleeves among the peers of the realm; and he did desire, if the truth must out, to be called "My lord" by his reverend brethren. His hopes, however, were they innocent or sinful, were not fated to be realized, and Dr. Proudie was consecrated Bishop of Barchester. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Anthony Trollope (2002). Barchester Towers. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3409/pg3409-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Who Will Be the New Bishop?

What Is Quantum Computing and How to Harness It? For starters, quantum computers use subatomic particles as the basic unit for doing computations. To be more exact, they use quantum bits; also known as qubits. “Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly, it’s a wonderful problem because it doesn’t look so easy.” — Richard Feynman Two of the most important aspects of qubits are and . Entanglement Superposition “One key factor in this development is how quantum mechanics allows two or more particles to exist in what is called an state. What happens to one of the particles in an entangled pair determines what happens to the other particle, even if they are far apart.” — Entangled states from theory to technology. entangled The more entangled bits, the more calculations quantum computers can do. refers to the ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time . Superposition until it is measured One of the biggest misconceptions concerning superposition is that it applies only to two states, but in reality, superposition refers to two or more states and is not always uniform meaning that the states can have different probabilities. Naturally, the act of measurement will disturb the coherent superposition of states. How Does It Work? You might wonder how qubits are manipulated in quantum computers; the answer is microwaves. The quantum bits are actually quantum particles like electrons or photons which are operated at low temperatures using microwave pulses. Naturally, quantum computers don’t work at room temperature; they need ultracold temperature ( near zero Kelvin, or -273.15 Celsius) Can I Use It? The most popular SDK is which provides the medium for end-users to interface with systems hardware and perform complex computing operations like simulation, optimization, and artificial intelligence. Qiskit At its core Qiskit is a quantum circuit construction, optimization, and execution engine, and by quantum circuit I mean a . Basically, you can mimic the execution of a quantum circuit, and the workflow will consist of four steps: computational routine Build the quantum circuit that models the problem you are considering. Compile the circuit for the desired quantum service: quantum system- the online quantum processors are the systems or local classical simulators. IBM Quantum Run the compiled circuits. Analyze the summary statistics and visualize the results of the experiments. How It Will Evolve and How It Will Impact Society Of course, some of the big players are tech giants ala IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, and Google are already involved. IBM has a rich history of quantum computers; David P. DiVincenzo (former IBM) proposed the minimal requirements for creating a quantum computer, also known as the . DiVincenzo criteria Nonetheless, there are some well-funded startups like Rigetti, IQM, and Quantinuumm that are researching this domain, and in its , IBM has projected that a 1000+ qubit quantum computer will be available in 2023. roadmap Even though the computing power increases exponentially with the number of qubits, quantum computers have fairly high error rates, but the purpose of a quantum computer isn’t classical computing problems; rather, it is more suited for simulations or artificial intelligence tasks. Just think about simulating a chemical reaction; it’s impossible even for the most powerful supercomputer to simulate molecular interaction, i.e., . molecule modeling As a closing note, I would like to share the following quote which I feel encompasses the very essence of quantum computing. “Using quantum principles to compute is as different from classical computing as a classical supercomputer is from an abacus” — William Phillips

Quantum Computing: From Zero to Hero

The Four Fists

Oh, the wild jungle of office politics! You've climbed the ladder, you're no longer the fresh-faced newbie, and now you find yourself in the thrilling yet intimidating realm of seniority. Suddenly, your code and technical skills aren't your only weapons, you need to master the subtle art of diplomacy and negotiation too. As a developer, it's easy to think that your coding abilities alone will pave your path to success. However, as you advance your career from a mid-level developer to a senior role, there's another crucial aspect you need to tackle: office politics. Yep, you read that right. Politics. The word may make you wince, conjuring up images of conniving co-workers, power plays, and secret alliances. But it doesn't have to be this way. Office politics, when navigated well, can actually be a tool to build stronger relationships, advocate for your team, and steer your projects successfully. So, how can you, as a rising senior developer, navigate the murky waters of office politics without compromising your values? Let's explore. Understand the Landscape Every office has its political landscape. Understanding the dynamics, power structures, and influencers is crucial to navigating this terrain. Pay attention to who makes the decisions, who influences those decisions, and how information flows within the organization. Build Relationships Building strong relationships is the foundation of successful office politics. This is not about flattery or sycophancy but about genuine connections. Take time to understand your colleagues' perspectives, challenges, and motivations. These insights will help you collaborate better and garner support for your projects when needed. Advocate for Your Team and Projects As a senior developer, part of your responsibility is to advocate for your team and projects. This involves effectively communicating your team's successes, challenges, and needs to other stakeholders. Remember, it's not bragging—it's making sure your team's efforts are recognized and your projects get the resources they need. Resolve Conflicts Constructively Conflicts are an unavoidable part of office politics. How you handle these situations can greatly impact your relationships and reputation. Be proactive in addressing conflicts—listen to different viewpoints, seek common ground, and strive for solutions that are in the best interest of the project and team. Stay True to Your Values Navigating office politics doesn't mean you have to become a cutthroat power player. In fact, maintaining your integrity is of utmost importance. Be transparent, respectful, and fair in your interactions. Sticking to your values not only earns you respect but also fosters a healthier, more positive workplace. Keep Your Emotions in Check Emotions can run high in politically charged situations. However, reacting impulsively can escalate conflicts and harm relationships. Instead, take a step back, assess the situation objectively, and respond in a calm and thoughtful manner. Seek a Mentor A mentor who's seasoned in navigating office politics can provide valuable advice and guidance. They can help you understand the unwritten rules, develop strategies, and provide an outside perspective on challenging situations. Office politics can be a complex maze, but it's one that you can learn to navigate. By understanding the dynamics, building relationships, and advocating effectively, you can turn office politics into a positive force that helps you achieve your goals and fosters a better workplace. Remember, the aim is not to win a power game but to create an environment where everyone, including yourself, can succeed. - Bum Phillips "Winning is only half of it. Having fun is the other half." In the end, the journey to becoming a senior developer involves much more than mastering the technical aspects. It's about becoming a leader, collaborator, and navigator who can steer the team and project through the tides of challenges, including the tricky waves of office politics.

From Mid to Senior: How to Navigate Through Office Politics

মিড থেকে সিনিয়র: অফিস পলিটিক্সের মাধ্যমে কীভাবে নেভিগেট করবেন

Vom Mittel- bis zum Senior: So navigieren Sie durch die Büropolitik

De mediados a senior: cómo navegar a través de la política de la oficina

De mi à senior : comment naviguer dans la politique de bureau

मध्य से वरिष्ठ तक: कार्यालय की राजनीति से कैसे निपटें

中堅から上級者まで: 社内政治を乗り切る方法

중간에서 고위까지: 사무실 정치를 탐색하는 방법

De médio a sênior: como navegar pela política do escritório

Ortadan Kıdemliye: Ofis Politikalarında Nasıl Gezinilir?

Từ trung cấp đến cao cấp: Cách điều hướng thông qua chính trị văn phòng

从中层到高层：如何应对办公室政治

93 Stories To Learn About Online Marketing

This story was originally published by by Richard A. Webster, . Co-published with . ProPublica Verite Verite This article was produced for by Richard A. Webster, who covered the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office as part of ProPublica’s Local Reporting Network in 2021-22. to get stories like this one as soon as they are published. Verite Sign up for Dispatches Nearly half of Louisiana sheriffs are in violation of a state law regulating the preservation and destruction of public records, according to documents provided by state officials. The disclosure follows an article this month by Verite, also published by ProPublica, on accusations that the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office in a lawsuit involving an autistic boy who died in custody. illegally destroyed documents It also comes on the heels of on the outsize power wielded by Louisiana sheriffs. increased scrutiny The new reporting found that the lack of a records retention policy extends far beyond Jefferson Parish. Of the 64 sheriffs statewide, 23 have never secured state approval for their policy, three allowed their policies to expire (one as far back as 1980) and the policies of an additional four are so limited they only address a small fraction of the records in their possession. State law requires all public agencies to submit a records retention policy for approval to the State Archives, a division of the Secretary of State’s Office. Further, in the past decade, nearly two-thirds of all Louisiana sheriffs failed to file a request with the state for permission to dispose of public records, as required by the same law. The State Archives, the agency responsible for overseeing and approving the handling of records, keeps disposal requests on file for 10 years. The lack of governmental oversight of elected sheriffs — despite years of complaints and allegations of civil rights abuses — has made it difficult for alleged victims of police abuse to prove misconduct. It has also led to impunity for bad actors, according to civil rights attorneys, community activists and criminal justice experts. And the lack of state approval for the disposal of public records means sheriffs offices are not fully accounting for information about alleged deputy misconduct, which can be crucial in investigations and litigation over claims of civil rights violations. These records can include internal affairs investigations into the use of excessive force and in-custody deaths, as well as more mundane documents such as payroll records. Verite requested the records retention policies and disposal requests filed by every sheriff from the State Archives, the agency responsible for overseeing and approving the handling of records. Some of the largest sheriff’s offices are among those that didn’t follow the public records law. The Orleans Parish Sheriff’s Office under former Sheriff Marlin Gusman never sought approval for a records retention policy during his 17 years in office, according to the State Archives. In addition, Gusman did not obtain permission to destroy records for at least 10 years. The parish jail overseen by the sheriff has been under a federal consent decree since 2013 following evidence of rampant violence — at the hands of both the guards and of those jailed — and unsafe living conditions. The consent decree is concerned with federal, not state, law and does not require the OPSO to get a state-approved records retention schedule. As part of the federal consent judgment, Emily Washington and Elizabeth Cumming, attorneys with the MacArthur Justice Center in New Orleans, represent the men and women held in the Orleans Justice Center. They said they have been forced to request court assistance in accessing records related to in-custody deaths and uses of force by jail deputies. This highlights the need for records retention policies, Cumming said, not just for public accountability and transparency, but also for ensuring that jails are being operated in accordance with the Constitution. “Comprehensive and accurate records are critical if patterns and causes of harm are going to be identified and corrected, for example when looking at staff deployment or employee discipline,” Cumming said. “Without a robust practice of record generation, maintenance, review and assessment, our clients will continue to experience preventable violations of their rights.” Sheriff Susan Hutson, who defeated Gusman in the 2021 election, completed and signed a new records retention policy draft on Jan. 24, which will be submitted to the state for approval. Improving the agency’s handling of public records is a priority, she said. “One of the things I told our communities is that this is going to be a well-run department, and that includes following the law,” Hutson said. “These are the community’s records. It’s their information. And we should be making sure it’s collected, preserved and available.” The problems with the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office came to light in a federal civil rights lawsuit filed by the family of a 16-year-old autistic boy who died in January of 2021 while being restrained by JPSO deputies. Attorneys for the family of Eric Parsa of illegally destroying the disciplinary records of the accused deputies. accused the sheriff U.S. Magistrate Judge Donna Phillips Currault in a November ruling found that JPSO should have known to preserve the disciplinary and training records of deputies involved in the case. However, she denied the family’s request to place sanctions against the sheriff, stating that the family failed to prove JPSO destroyed evidence in “bad faith” or with a “desire to suppress the truth.” According to its written policy, the sheriff’s office destroys its deputies’ disciplinary records after three years. Yet, , it has not secured approval for that policy, nor has it submitted requests to dispose of public records in at least a decade, according to the State Archives. as previously reported This month, JPSO attorney Danny Martiny said the office doesn’t comment on pending litigation. Jefferson Parish Sheriff Joe Lopinto, who did not respond to requests for comment, denied all wrongdoing in court filings. Attempts to reach Gusman were unsuccessful. Record retention policies, or schedules, determine how long public records are preserved, and they provide guidelines on how they should be destroyed. Every public agency is required by law to submit one for approval with the State Archives. State law instructs the secretary of state to notify the head of any agency of the “impending, or threatening unlawful removal, defacing, alteration, or destruction of records … and initiate action through the attorney general for the recovery of such records.” Destroying, damaging, altering or removing public records “required to be preserved in any public office or by any person or public officer” is punishable by up to a year in prison, a fine of up to $1,000 or both. State Archivist Catherine Newsome said aside from “ongoing outreach” to agencies throughout the state, there is little more State Archives can do since it is not a “law enforcement or compliance agency.” Michael Ranatza, executive director of the Louisiana Sheriffs’ Association, in an email said that the group’s interpretation of the law allows sheriffs to retain public records for at least three years in the absence of a “more detailed records retention schedule.” “We believe that Sheriffs utilizing the statutory alternative of a three year minimum retention period in the absence of a more formal retention policy are not acting unlawfully,” Ranatza said. He did not address why 42 sheriffs do not have any disposal requests on file for at least 10 years. Guidance from the secretary of state’s office says, “State agencies are required under La. R.S. 44:411 to submit a records retention schedule” to the State Archives for approval. Asked if every agency is required by law to submit a records retention schedule to the secretary of state for approval, Newsome said, “Yes.” Photo by on Ryan De Hamer Unsplash

Almost Half of All Louisiana Sheriffs Are Violating Public Records Laws 

Anne of Green Gables by L. M. Montgomery, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . The Pass List Is Out CHAPTER XXXII. The Pass List Is Out WITH the end of June came the close of the term and the close of Miss Stacy’s rule in Avonlea school. Anne and Diana walked home that evening feeling very sober indeed. Red eyes and damp handkerchiefs bore convincing testimony to the fact that Miss Stacy’s farewell words must have been quite as touching as Mr. Phillips’s had been under similar circumstances three years before. Diana looked back at the schoolhouse from the foot of the spruce hill and sighed deeply. “It does seem as if it was the end of everything, doesn’t it?” she said dismally. “You oughtn’t to feel half as badly as I do,” said Anne, hunting vainly for a dry spot on her handkerchief. “You’ll be back again next winter, but I suppose I’ve left the dear old school forever—if I have good luck, that is.” “It won’t be a bit the same. Miss Stacy won’t be there, nor you nor Jane nor Ruby probably. I shall have to sit all alone, for I couldn’t bear to have another deskmate after you. Oh, we have had jolly times, haven’t we, Anne? It’s dreadful to think they’re all over.” Two big tears rolled down by Diana’s nose. “If you would stop crying I could,” said Anne imploringly. “Just as soon as I put away my hanky I see you brimming up and that starts me off again. As Mrs. Lynde says, ‘If you can’t be cheerful, be as cheerful as you can.’ After all, I dare say I’ll be back next year. This is one of the times I know I’m not going to pass. They’re getting alarmingly frequent.” “Why, you came out splendidly in the exams Miss Stacy gave.” “Yes, but those exams didn’t make me nervous. When I think of the real thing you can’t imagine what a horrid cold fluttery feeling comes round my heart. And then my number is thirteen and Josie Pye says it’s so unlucky. I am not superstitious and I know it can make no difference. But still I wish it wasn’t thirteen.” “I do wish I was going in with you,” said Diana. “Wouldn’t we have a perfectly elegant time? But I suppose you’ll have to cram in the evenings.” “No; Miss Stacy has made us promise not to open a book at all. She says it would only tire and confuse us and we are to go out walking and not think about the exams at all and go to bed early. It’s good advice, but I expect it will be hard to follow; good advice is apt to be, I think. Prissy Andrews told me that she sat up half the night every night of her Entrance week and crammed for dear life; and I had determined to sit up at least as long as she did. It was so kind of your Aunt Josephine to ask me to stay at Beechwood while I’m in town.” “You’ll write to me while you’re in, won’t you?” “I’ll write Tuesday night and tell you how the first day goes,” promised Anne. “I’ll be haunting the post office Wednesday,” vowed Diana. Anne went to town the following Monday and on Wednesday Diana haunted the post office, as agreed, and got her letter. “Dearest Diana” [wrote Anne], “Here it is Tuesday night and I’m writing this in the library at Beechwood. Last night I was horribly lonesome all alone in my room and wished so much you were with me. I couldn’t ‘cram’ because I’d promised Miss Stacy not to, but it was as hard to keep from opening my history as it used to be to keep from reading a story before my lessons were learned. “This morning Miss Stacy came for me and we went to the Academy, calling for Jane and Ruby and Josie on our way. Ruby asked me to feel her hands and they were as cold as ice. Josie said I looked as if I hadn’t slept a wink and she didn’t believe I was strong enough to stand the grind of the teacher’s course even if I did get through. There are times and seasons even yet when I don’t feel that I’ve made any great headway in learning to like Josie Pye! “When we reached the Academy there were scores of students there from all over the Island. The first person we saw was Moody Spurgeon sitting on the steps and muttering away to himself. Jane asked him what on earth he was doing and he said he was repeating the multiplication table over and over to steady his nerves and for pity’s sake not to interrupt him, because if he stopped for a moment he got frightened and forgot everything he ever knew, but the multiplication table kept all his facts firmly in their proper place! “When we were assigned to our rooms Miss Stacy had to leave us. Jane and I sat together and Jane was so composed that I envied her. No need of the multiplication table for good, steady, sensible Jane! I wondered if I looked as I felt and if they could hear my heart thumping clear across the room. Then a man came in and began distributing the English examination sheets. My hands grew cold then and my head fairly whirled around as I picked it up. Just one awful moment—Diana, I felt exactly as I did four years ago when I asked Marilla if I might stay at Green Gables—and then everything cleared up in my mind and my heart began beating again—I forgot to say that it had stopped altogether!—for I knew I could do something with that paper anyhow. “At noon we went home for dinner and then back again for history in the afternoon. The history was a pretty hard paper and I got dreadfully mixed up in the dates. Still, I think I did fairly well today. But oh, Diana, tomorrow the geometry exam comes off and when I think of it it takes every bit of determination I possess to keep from opening my Euclid. If I thought the multiplication table would help me any I would recite it from now till tomorrow morning. “I went down to see the other girls this evening. On my way I met Moody Spurgeon wandering distractedly around. He said he knew he had failed in history and he was born to be a disappointment to his parents and he was going home on the morning train; and it would be easier to be a carpenter than a minister, anyhow. I cheered him up and persuaded him to stay to the end because it would be unfair to Miss Stacy if he didn’t. Sometimes I have wished I was born a boy, but when I see Moody Spurgeon I’m always glad I’m a girl and not his sister. “Ruby was in hysterics when I reached their boardinghouse; she had just discovered a fearful mistake she had made in her English paper. When she recovered we went uptown and had an ice cream. How we wished you had been with us. “Oh, Diana, if only the geometry examination were over! But there, as Mrs. Lynde would say, the sun will go on rising and setting whether I fail in geometry or not. That is true but not especially comforting. I think I’d rather it didn’t go on if I failed! “Yours devotedly, “Anne” The geometry examination and all the others were over in due time and Anne arrived home on Friday evening, rather tired but with an air of chastened triumph about her. Diana was over at Green Gables when she arrived and they met as if they had been parted for years. “You old darling, it’s perfectly splendid to see you back again. It seems like an age since you went to town and oh, Anne, how did you get along?” “Pretty well, I think, in everything but the geometry. I don’t know whether I passed in it or not and I have a creepy, crawly presentiment that I didn’t. Oh, how good it is to be back! Green Gables is the dearest, loveliest spot in the world.” “How did the others do?” “The girls say they know they didn’t pass, but I think they did pretty well. Josie says the geometry was so easy a child of ten could do it! Moody Spurgeon still thinks he failed in history and Charlie says he failed in algebra. But we don’t really know anything about it and won’t until the pass list is out. That won’t be for a fortnight. Fancy living a fortnight in such suspense! I wish I could go to sleep and never wake up until it is over.” Diana knew it would be useless to ask how Gilbert Blythe had fared, so she merely said: “Oh, you’ll pass all right. Don’t worry.” “I’d rather not pass at all than not come out pretty well up on the list,” flashed Anne, by which she meant—and Diana knew she meant—that success would be incomplete and bitter if she did not come out ahead of Gilbert Blythe. With this end in view Anne had strained every nerve during the examinations. So had Gilbert. They had met and passed each other on the street a dozen times without any sign of recognition and every time Anne had held her head a little higher and wished a little more earnestly that she had made friends with Gilbert when he asked her, and vowed a little more determinedly to surpass him in the examination. She knew that all Avonlea junior was wondering which would come out first; she even knew that Jimmy Glover and Ned Wright had a bet on the question and that Josie Pye had said there was no doubt in the world that Gilbert would be first; and she felt that her humiliation would be unbearable if she failed. But she had another and nobler motive for wishing to do well. She wanted to “pass high” for the sake of Matthew and Marilla—especially Matthew. Matthew had declared to her his conviction that she “would beat the whole Island.” That, Anne felt, was something it would be foolish to hope for even in the wildest dreams. But she did hope fervently that she would be among the first ten at least, so that she might see Matthew’s kindly brown eyes gleam with pride in her achievement. That, she felt, would be a sweet reward indeed for all her hard work and patient grubbing among unimaginative equations and conjugations. At the end of the fortnight Anne took to “haunting” the post office also, in the distracted company of Jane, Ruby, and Josie, opening the Charlottetown dailies with shaking hands and cold, sinkaway feelings as bad as any experienced during the Entrance week. Charlie and Gilbert were not above doing this too, but Moody Spurgeon stayed resolutely away. “I haven’t got the grit to go there and look at a paper in cold blood,” he told Anne. “I’m just going to wait until somebody comes and tells me suddenly whether I’ve passed or not.” When three weeks had gone by without the pass list appearing Anne began to feel that she really couldn’t stand the strain much longer. Her appetite failed and her interest in Avonlea doings languished. Mrs. Lynde wanted to know what else you could expect with a Tory superintendent of education at the head of affairs, and Matthew, noting Anne’s paleness and indifference and the lagging steps that bore her home from the post office every afternoon, began seriously to wonder if he hadn’t better vote Grit at the next election. But one evening the news came. Anne was sitting at her open window, for the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and the cares of the world, as she drank in the beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with flower breaths from the garden below and sibilant and rustling from the stir of poplars. The eastern sky above the firs was flushed faintly pink from the reflection of the west, and Anne was wondering dreamily if the spirit of color looked like that, when she saw Diana come flying down through the firs, over the log bridge, and up the slope, with a fluttering newspaper in her hand. Anne sprang to her feet, knowing at once what that paper contained. The pass list was out! Her head whirled and her heart beat until it hurt her. She could not move a step. It seemed an hour to her before Diana came rushing along the hall and burst into the room without even knocking, so great was her excitement. “Anne, you’ve passed,” she cried, “passed the very first—you and Gilbert both—you’re ties—but your name is first. Oh, I’m so proud!” Diana flung the paper on the table and herself on Anne’s bed, utterly breathless and incapable of further speech. Anne lighted the lamp, oversetting the match safe and using up half a dozen matches before her shaking hands could accomplish the task. Then she snatched up the paper. Yes, she had passed—there was her name at the very top of a list of two hundred! That moment was worth living for. “You did just splendidly, Anne,” puffed Diana, recovering sufficiently to sit up and speak, for Anne, starry eyed and rapt, had not uttered a word. “Father brought the paper home from Bright River not ten minutes ago—it came out on the afternoon train, you know, and won’t be here till tomorrow by mail—and when I saw the pass list I just rushed over like a wild thing. You’ve all passed, every one of you, Moody Spurgeon and all, although he’s conditioned in history. Jane and Ruby did pretty well—they’re halfway up—and so did Charlie. Josie just scraped through with three marks to spare, but you’ll see she’ll put on as many airs as if she’d led. Won’t Miss Stacy be delighted? Oh, Anne, what does it feel like to see your name at the head of a pass list like that? If it were me I know I’d go crazy with joy. I am pretty near crazy as it is, but you’re as calm and cool as a spring evening.” “I’m just dazzled inside,” said Anne. “I want to say a hundred things, and I can’t find words to say them in. I never dreamed of this—yes, I did too, just once! I let myself think once, ‘What if I should come out first?’ quakingly, you know, for it seemed so vain and presumptuous to think I could lead the Island. Excuse me a minute, Diana. I must run right out to the field to tell Matthew. Then we’ll go up the road and tell the good news to the others.” They hurried to the hayfield below the barn where Matthew was coiling hay, and, as luck would have it, Mrs. Lynde was talking to Marilla at the lane fence. “Oh, Matthew,” exclaimed Anne, “I’ve passed and I’m first—or one of the first! I’m not vain, but I’m thankful.” “Well now, I always said it,” said Matthew, gazing at the pass list delightedly. “I knew you could beat them all easy.” “You’ve done pretty well, I must say, Anne,” said Marilla, trying to hide her extreme pride in Anne from Mrs. Rachel’s critical eye. But that good soul said heartily: “I just guess she has done well, and far be it from me to be backward in saying it. You’re a credit to your friends, Anne, that’s what, and we’re all proud of you.” That night Anne, who had wound up the delightful evening with a serious little talk with Mrs. Allan at the manse, knelt sweetly by her open window in a great sheen of moonshine and murmured a prayer of gratitude and aspiration that came straight from her heart. There was in it thankfulness for the past and reverent petition for the future; and when she slept on her white pillow her dreams were as fair and bright and beautiful as maidenhood might desire. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. L. M. Montgomery (2008). Anne of Green Gables. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/45/pg45-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html . The lead image was generated using HackerNoon's Stable Disffusion Al Image Generator feature, via the prompt "Anne of Green Fables".

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