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DALLAS, Oct. 17, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pathlock, the leading provider of application governance, risk and compliance (GRC), today announced a new release of its Application Access Governance (AAG ...

Pathlock Cloud Unveils Latest Application Access Governance Release: Empowering Businesses to Slash Compliance Costs

DALLAS, Oct. 17, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pathlock, the leading provider of application governance, risk and compliance (GRC), today announced a new release of its Application Access Governance (AAG) product within the company's risk and compliance platform ...

Industry Leading Application GRC Platform Provides In-Depth Visibility Across Key ERP and LoB Applications DALLAS, Oct. 17, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pathlock, the leading provider of application ...

WASHINGTON (AP) — President Joe Biden on Wednesday condemned the weekend attack by Hamas militants on Israel as the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust as the number of U.S. citizens ...

Biden calls Hamas attacks in Israel the deadliest day for Jews since Holocaust

Pathlock offers a range of products that are focused on helping our customers enhance access governance and security across ERP and business applications. Talk to our security and compliance specialists to understand how you can implement granular controls ...

Navigating the UK SOX Requirements for Enhanced Compliance and Efficiency

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This is why activation and configuration of the Security Audit Log is part of every security analysis. Pathlock enables you to continuously monitor SAP security, audit, and change logs, ensuring total visibility of shifting user permissions and ...

SAP Security Audit Log: Recommendations for Optimal Monitoring

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Automate SOX compliance using Pathlock GRC software integrated with SAP and Oracle to reduce manual tasks, eliminate violations and reduce audit expenses.

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Cross-application Certifications, a module that is a part of Pathlock’s Application Access Governance product, offers a comprehensive solution to the complex challenge of access management. The module automates the process of reviewing application access ...

Bridging the Risk Gap: How Cross-Application Access Certifications Bolster Security

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This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license.
Authors:
(1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. Table of Links Abstract and Intro
Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis
Annotation tool
Annotation guidelines
Conclusion and future work
Acknowledgements
Bibliographical References 3. Annotation tool The software we will use for annotation is called Inception (Klie et al., 2018). Inception is an open source annotation tool which can be freely downloaded from the authors’ GitHub repository. Although for this project, every annotator will be provided with a ready-to-code version of the program with all necessary annotation layers and settings already implemented and some sample annotations included. This instance of Inception can be requested from the project administrator Jakob Vogel. 3.1. Setup To set up Inception on your local computer, make sure you already received your personal instance of the software. If not, please contact the project administrator. Inception comes as a jar-file. In order to run it, you need to have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed. Furthermore, make sure the file is set as executable. Then open the directory ”Inception” in your command prompt and run: To access Inception’s graphical user interface (GUI), go to a web browser and open: http://localhost:8080/ On your first time running Inception, you will need to import the project and set up your personal user account: • First, log in as admin (User ID: admin ; Password: admin). • Click on ”Import project” and select the file ”proj-div-CDCR.zip” from the ”Inception” directory. Make sure to check the boxes ”Import permissions” (already checked by default) and ”Create missing users” (unchecked by default). Then click ”Import”. • Click on ”Administration” in the GUI’s right top corner. Then click on ”Users”. • Select your personal user or create a new one here. Assign a password to your user. Additionally, assign the role ”ROLE USER” to your user (already assigned by default). Finally, check the box ”Account enabled” and click ”Save”. • Log out of the current Inception session. From now on, to log into Inception, use your personal user account details instead of the admin account. To get to the annotation GUI, log in with your personal account now and click on the highlighted project name ”Diverse cross-document coreference”. Then, in the left taskbar, click on ”Annotation”. A window opens that shows a list of all documents to be annotated. The first digit in every title is a discourse identifier that sorts all documents according to their topic, followed by an underscore and a newspaper abbreviation (see Introduction). You can annotate documents in chronological order or randomly, whichever you prefer. Click on one of the documents to start your annotation. 3.2. User manual Inception offers a variety of functionalities of which only those relevant for our project are described here. For a full explanation of how to use Inception, please check the official documentation which can be accessed online or from within the Inception GUI by clicking on ”Help” in the right upper corner. Every annotator’s instance of Inception contains two basic layers of annotation. The first layer, called Entity layer, is triggered when a mention is marked by highlighting text with a simple press-hold-drag mechanism. This opens the layer’s side panel. Here, annotators can fill in the Entity layer’s three parameters: • Entity-type: a drop-down list to select a mention’s entity-type by clicking on or typing the type’s abbreviation. • Global entity-name: a mixture of free textfield and drop-down list to assign a global entity’s name to a mention. If the name has already been used before, it can be selected as item from the drop-down list by again clicking or typing. If not, it can be freely typed which adds it as a new tag to the list. • Wikidata: a search field to type the name of an entity and find its respective Wikidata URI. item from the drop-down list by again clicking or typing. If not, it can be freely typed which adds it as a new tag to the list. • Wikidata: a search field to type the name of an entity and find its respective Wikidata URI. The second layer, called Relation, is triggered when two already marked mentions are connected to each other, again simply by clicking and holding on one mention and dragging the mouse to the other mention. This layer only contains one parameter which is named Label. It is a drop-down list to select a relation-type for labelling the connection between both mentions. After the first annotations have been made, Inception starts to suggests spans and values for new annotations on the Entity layer. These suggestions are displayed in gray boxes. One click on a box accepts the suggestion and turns it into a proper annotation, a double-click denies the suggestion and makes the box disappear. The GUI’s upper panel is mostly for navigating through the document. However, it also contains a button for resetting the document by deleting all annotations made so far and a button in the shape of a padlock to mark the annotation process of the document as finished. This button should be pressed at the very end of the annotation, though it is advisable to first annotate each document before marking all of them together as officially finished. Clicking on the gear wheel opens up the GUI’s style settings. Here, annotators have the option to adjust panels’ margin sizes, the colouring of annotations, and how many text rows are to be displayed simultaneously. Annotations are saved automatically which is why there exists no saving button in the GUI. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: Authors: (1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Annotation tool Annotation guidelines Conclusion and future work Acknowledgements Bibliographical References Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Annotation tool Annotation tool Annotation guidelines Annotation guidelines Conclusion and future work Conclusion and future work Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Bibliographical References Bibliographical References 3. Annotation tool The software we will use for annotation is called Inception (Klie et al., 2018). Inception is an open source annotation tool which can be freely downloaded from the authors’ GitHub repository. Although for this project, every annotator will be provided with a ready-to-code version of the program with all necessary annotation layers and settings already implemented and some sample annotations included. This instance of Inception can be requested from the project administrator Jakob Vogel. Inception 3.1. Setup To set up Inception on your local computer, make sure you already received your personal instance of the software. If not, please contact the project administrator. Inception comes as a jar-file. In order to run it, you need to have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed. Furthermore, make sure the file is set as executable. Then open the directory ”Inception” in your command prompt and run: To access Inception’s graphical user interface (GUI), go to a web browser and open: http://localhost:8080/ On your first time running Inception, you will need to import the project and set up your personal user account: • First, log in as admin (User ID: admin ; Password: admin). • Click on ”Import project” and select the file ”proj-div-CDCR.zip” from the ”Inception” directory. Make sure to check the boxes ”Import permissions” (already checked by default) and ”Create missing users” (unchecked by default). Then click ”Import”. • Click on ”Administration” in the GUI’s right top corner. Then click on ”Users”. • Select your personal user or create a new one here. Assign a password to your user. Additionally, assign the role ”ROLE USER” to your user (already assigned by default). Finally, check the box ”Account enabled” and click ”Save”. • Log out of the current Inception session. From now on, to log into Inception, use your personal user account details instead of the admin account. To get to the annotation GUI, log in with your personal account now and click on the highlighted project name ”Diverse cross-document coreference”. Then, in the left taskbar, click on ”Annotation”. A window opens that shows a list of all documents to be annotated. The first digit in every title is a discourse identifier that sorts all documents according to their topic, followed by an underscore and a newspaper abbreviation (see Introduction). You can annotate documents in chronological order or randomly, whichever you prefer. Click on one of the documents to start your annotation. 3.2. User manual Inception offers a variety of functionalities of which only those relevant for our project are described here. For a full explanation of how to use Inception, please check the official documentation which can be accessed online or from within the Inception GUI by clicking on ”Help” in the right upper corner. Every annotator’s instance of Inception contains two basic layers of annotation. The first layer, called Entity layer , is triggered when a mention is marked by highlighting text with a simple press-hold-drag mechanism. This opens the layer’s side panel. Here, annotators can fill in the Entity layer’s three parameters: Entity layer • Entity-type: a drop-down list to select a mention’s entity-type by clicking on or typing the type’s abbreviation. • Entity-type: • Global entity-name: a mixture of free textfield and drop-down list to assign a global entity’s name to a mention. If the name has already been used before, it can be selected as item from the drop-down list by again clicking or typing. If not, it can be freely typed which adds it as a new tag to the list. • Global entity-name: • Wikidata : a search field to type the name of an entity and find its respective Wikidata URI. Wikidata item from the drop-down list by again clicking or typing. If not, it can be freely typed which adds it as a new tag to the list. • Wikidata: a search field to type the name of an entity and find its respective Wikidata URI. The second layer, called Relation , is triggered when two already marked mentions are connected to each other, again simply by clicking and holding on one mention and dragging the mouse to the other mention. This layer only contains one parameter which is named Label . It is a drop-down list to select a relation-type for labelling the connection between both mentions. Relation Label After the first annotations have been made, Inception starts to suggests spans and values for new annotations on the Entity layer. These suggestions are displayed in gray boxes. One click on a box accepts the suggestion and turns it into a proper annotation, a double-click denies the suggestion and makes the box disappear. The GUI’s upper panel is mostly for navigating through the document. However, it also contains a button for resetting the document by deleting all annotations made so far and a button in the shape of a padlock to mark the annotation process of the document as finished. This button should be pressed at the very end of the annotation, though it is advisable to first annotate each document before marking all of them together as officially finished. Clicking on the gear wheel opens up the GUI’s style settings. Here, annotators have the option to adjust panels’ margin sizes, the colouring of annotations, and how many text rows are to be displayed simultaneously. Annotations are saved automatically which is why there exists no saving button in the GUI.

Diverse Cross-document Coreference and Media Bias Analysis 

Salespersons and copywriters know that the key to conversions is emotions. People make an and then rationally justify their decision. emotionally-based decision at first It is almost never the other way around. So, if you want to drive higher conversions like more email signups, more social media followers, or more sales, creating an emotional impact is key. And images are one of the most powerful ways to achieve this. When you use the right imagery in the right way, you can improve conversion rates and grow your faster. business In this post, I’ll cover some of the top ways you can leverage visuals to convert. Let’s go. Add Human Faces Think of the last time you downloaded a game or clicked on an ad because they included a person in the thumbnail. You’ve likely done it more times than you care to admit. Adding people’s faces to your home page, social media post, or some other area is certain to drive up engagement as well as conversions. Here’s what you should know about what makes faces and people so appealing to our psychology. (The following points are referenced from a post by .) Highbrow Smiles Eye Contact POV In general, images of people smiling have higher conversion rates than pictures with neutral expressions. Likewise, photos where the subject looks directly at the viewer will connect more. Finally, POV or Point of View has to do with the angle at which the viewer sees the image, i.e., an image of a person looking upwards at the viewer will create different impressions than one of an image where a person is looking away or downwards at the viewer. What you should know is that the type of expression, face, and image you choose should depend on your goal and audience. Do you want to convey professionalism? Then, a sterner expression and folded arms might be suitable. But if you want to invite people to visit your site, a smile would work better. As we’ll point out later, you need to test which images work best to drive the best results. Leverage Color There are many theories on the impact of color and while it is clear that color does make an impact on buying psychology - there’s no consistent information about what works in every scenario. Much depends on the purpose for which you use a color and where you apply it. In branding (which is related to conversions but also different), there are clear links between color and brand image. For example, browns and greens convey calmness and are often associated with greenery, energy, sustainability, and related concepts. Black is associated with professionalism and seriousness. in terms of driving leads. Red is said to have the best performance However, this doesn’t mean that if you use the color green in your content, it won’t convert. More than relying on a specific hue to get people to buy, you need to look at context and placement. For example, as long as your call to action button stands out and has a complementary color on a website, it will draw the eye and entice people to click on buy, sign up, or some other conversion metric. judge a business based on its web design - so you want to ensure that you’re leveraging how your site looks and feels to keep a steady stream of customers. 75% of people Here are some factors to consider when using color to ensure higher conversion rates: Contrast: Make sure that areas where you want the most attention have contrasting colors. Consistency: While colors are powerful, using more than 3-5 in any asset is a surefire way to lose customers. Stick a fixed number of specific colors and apply them consistently on all marketing assets. Cultural associations: Be mindful of how different cultures perceive colors. White may imply purity in some places but mourning in others. Do your research before you use a color in any geographical location. Complementarity: Never pick out colors randomly. Make sure that your palette of colors complements each other. Fortunately, there are free online tools where you can add colors you like, and the tool will automatically generate suitable colors that complement them. With these principles in mind, you’ll be better able to apply colors well in your assets to boost conversions. Think of Typography We’ve all played with changing fonts on documents as kids. We’ve used elaborate, unreadable, cursive fonts for stories. Or we played around with Comic Sans to convey fun and play. We have an intuitive understanding of the role that typography plays in conveying emotions and messages. Typography is the art and science of arranging letters to make them appealing and impactful. You should look at words and letters as visual ornaments and not just for the semantic meaning they convey. There are many ways typography can support conversions: Your choice of font will support your brand and the values consumers hold - leading to a higher likelihood of conversions Good typography creates a better user experience since it removes dissonance and ensures customers navigate an app or website easily. The choice of typography can attract a user’s attention to specific words and areas, which in turn can guide people to join an email list, buy, or take some other action. These are a few ways that typography can support higher conversions. They are visual mediums and must be leveraged to the fullest to create an impact on your audience. Use Icons and Symbols If you want to understand the power of icons and symbols, think of the emoji. It’s a standard part of modern communication where we rely heavily on text, and without emojis, we’d experience significant miscommunication and ruptured relationships. Today, icons and symbols play a big role in website and app design and they’re a powerful visual asset that can drive conversions. For example, research institute found that a ‘made-up’ symbol like a padlock icon or security badge created a greater sense of security. Baymard So, if you want to improve your payment checkout conversions, consider adding the little padlock symbol to your form in the right place. (Another interesting finding from Baymard is making the checkout process ‘robust’ by adding an outline or a line to contain the checkout form. This simple visual tactic contains the payment form and implies greater security during checkout.) In this way, make sure you use a carefully designed set of icons and symbols to make navigating your site easier and to convey ease and security on your products. Whitespace A user’s visual journey is not just influenced by the number of images on your site or app but also by the whitespace or the empty space around elements on your platform. Whitespace allows your content and features to breathe and keep users from getting overwhelmed. And when used correctly, it can draw attention to important parts of your site. So, don’t neglect to use whitespace as wisely as you do the other elements mentioned here. Carry out A/B Testing to Verify Your Design Choices No matter how experienced a UX/UI designer is, you must always test your design choices through user testing. This means presenting important visual content to your target audience base and asking for feedback. A good methodology to try is split testing or A/B testing. Give users a choice between two designs, A and B. And the one that wins the majority vote should be your design choice or improved and tested further. Only through testing can you figure out if your visual assets are impactful and create the right impression on your audience. Over to You There you have it: a breakdown of how to make your visual elements have a greater impact. Try to implement these aspects into your design, product development, and more. You’re certain to see a rise in conversions, which will lead to overall business success.

Visual Mastery: How to Create Impactful Marketing That Drives Engagement

In the digital space, code signing certificates and SSL certificates are popular. The reason is that it is useful in protecting software and websites. These certificates ensure that software and websites are safe and protected from . It is necessary to understand what these certificates are. It will help us to understand what they are used for. Additionally, it will help us know the differences between code signing and SSL certificates. hackers What is a code signing certificate? A code signing certificate is a certificate available on software. It is usually after a software publisher or developer has signed it. It ensures that nothing on the software has been altered by any third party since its signing. Code signing is carried out by digitally signing executables and scripts. It ensures that no third party can corrupt the software or alter it. This is usually done before making the software available to the public for download. Software that has a code signing certificate assures users. It shows that the application is from a trusted source. They will not expose themselves or their data to hackers. A code signing certificate shows the authenticity and integrity of the software. What is an SSL certificate? SSL stands for . So, SSL certificates are used to encrypt the connection between a website and a browser. It ensures that all communications are saved and encrypted while being transmitted. This means that sensitive information cannot be tampered with by any third party or a hacker. This is possible because the information is encrypted. A website with an SSL certificate usually has HTTPS instead of just HTTP. There is also a padlock sign in the URL of the website. Any person who is visiting a website will have the assurance that the website is safe. They will also know that they will not be exposing themselves and their data to hackers. Secure Socket Layer Differences between Code Signing certificate and SSL certificate On the surface, a code signing certificate and SSL certificate may look the same. The reason is that they are both used to protect and encrypt. It also ensures the authenticity of software and websites, respectively. You can also get low-price SSL and code signing certificates. However, there are a few differences between these two. The major differences between code signing and SSL certificates are as follows: Feature Code Signing Certificate SSL Certificate Purpose Securing software and establishing trust Securing websites and encrypting data Verification Verifies the identity of the software developer. Verifies the identity of the website owner. Usage Used for distributing plugins, drivers, and scripts. Used to secure websites and online transactions. Trust Indicators Verifiable through the digital signature of code. Easily visible with the padlock icon in browsers. Cost Differences Generally more expensive than SSL certificates. Prices are typically lower than code signing certs. Use of Keys Digital signatures confirm software integrity. Encryption keys secure data during transmission. Purpose The purposes of using code signing and SSL certificates are different. Software publishers use code signing certificates on their software. The reason is to protect the software and establish trust with their end user. It also assures them of the integrity of the software. It lets people know that no one has tampered with the software since it was signed. In contrast, SSL certificates are used on websites. It encrypts all data that is in transmission on the website. This means that the communication going on between a web server and a browser is secure. So, a person visiting and using a website knows that a website is safe. Verification Imagine being at a crossroads, wondering which product to go for. You see good reviews about one product, and the other has more bad reviews. To make your decision, you will go with the product that has more good than bad reviews. Why? The reason is that you have the assurance that it is the best product. It is the same thing with code signing and SSL certificates. These certificates assure users that the website and software are good. However, certificate authorities (CA) give the code signing certificate after verification. They verify the identity of the software developer or organization. The CA registers the business, address, and contact details for code signing certificates. Developers may be required to complete a phone verification process. They may also submit a notarized document along with a valid photo ID. CAs give SSL certificates when they verify the website's owner's identity. The CA has to verify that the applicant is the owner of the website. They usually send a verification email with a link to the email address of the applicant. When the applicant clicks on it, their identity is verified. They ensure that everything is good and in place. So users do not run into problems after getting the software or visiting the website. Usage SSL certificates are used to secure websites. In the process, transactions carried out on the website are safe and encrypted. Sensitive information like your personal details, passwords, and bank details are not accessed. Your online shopping or banking details are also safe. For distributing software and codes, code signing certificates are useful. These included plugins, drivers, scripts, and downloadable software. Trust indicators SSL and code signing certificates are trust indicators. A person visiting a website can easily detect a website that has an SSL certificate. The padlock icon easily shows a visitor that a website is secure. So, SSL certificates are necessary for creating secure connections between browsers and websites. It enables for secure communication. HTTPS protocol On the other hand, a code signing certificate is not easily visible to the end user of a software. A user can check a code signing certificate by checking the digital signature of the code. The publisher or author's name is verifiable. It is visible on the code that has a valid code signing certificate. Additionally, code-signing certificates do not directly interact with web browsers. This is in contrast to how an SSL certificate does. 5. Cost differences The price for code signing certificates and SSL certificates varies. Code signing certificate prices are higher than SSL certificates. Certain things have contributed to this difference in price. It may include the verification procedure for getting the certificate. It also includes the target audience of those buying the certificate and the way it is used. Also, the validity durations of SSL certificates vary. They often last between one and two years before needing to be renewed. The price of the certificates varies depending on the features available. The level of validation available also affects it. But, a code signing certificate is usually more expensive than an SSL certificate. Code signing certificates have a validity duration of one to three years. However, this can vary depending on industry norms and particular circumstances. 6. Use of keys In both code signing and SSL certificates, there is a use of keys, but how it is used differs. In SSL certificates, for secure data transmission, encryption keys are used. This means sensitive data are secure. They include things like credit card details, login credentials, and other personal data. When a user is making an online purchase or any form of transaction, they are not scared. The reason is that their details will not be accessed by hackers. Digital signatures that contain keys are used in code-signing certificates. It is used to confirm the integrity of the software. The signature is necessary to put the software user's mind at rest. It lets them know that there has been no alteration after the software was signed. It also ensures that there is no man-in-the-middle attack. In such scenarios, the hacker may include a malicious virus in the software. So, when people download the software, they can get sensitive information. Conclusion There are several regional regulations and industry standards available. It is used in regulating both SSL and code signing certificates. This means that they are subject to regulatory compliance. The regulatory compliance may include key management practices. It also includes variation procedures and specific security protocols. A code signing or SSL certificate can be revoked. Certain things lead to CAs revoking a code signing or SSL certificate. It can be that there has been a compromise of private keys or there are security breaches. So, get good code signing and SSL certificates that are industry standard. Also, ensure that you follow the rules to ensure that your certificates are not revoked.

Understanding Code Signing and SSL Certificates: Safeguarding Software and Websites

I'm always on the lookout for new and exciting items to tinker with. Finding the right materials can be a challenge, especially on a budget. Luckily, with a little bit of creativity and research, there are plenty of places to find affordable items. These are just a few of my tips on where and how to find cheap gear! University Salvage University salvage & surplus stores are great places to find discarded items from labs and research facilities. These items often include electronics, lab equipment, books, and supplies making them perfect for projects. Check your local university or college to see if they have a storefront! Check out the iconic – one of the more historic examples. MIT SwapFest Other examples include... Oregon State, Purdue University, & University of Washington https://youtu.be/8thW6anxdTQ?embedable=true Thrift Stores & Flea Markets Thrift stores are outstanding places to find used items for projects too. These stores typically offer a wide range of items, from antique electronics to modern hardware, at pennies on the dollar. Look for items that are still in good condition but may not be of use anymore. For instance, an old DVR can be taken apart, and its HDDs salvaged. Make sure to check national chains as well as local storefronts. LGR Thrifts focuses on thrifting for retro computer hardware and software – wood paneling galore. https://youtu.be/FlCieLsUqXI?embedable=true Flea markets are equally excellent places to find items, as they often offer a variety of unexpected items at a fair price. Forgotten objects are perfect for creating something new. From radios to car parts flea markets can offer a trove. These markets also provide an opportunity to meet other like-minded individuals. Check for local and national flea markets... , , and are a few examples. Sell It Here Trader Bucks Swap-O-Rama Auctions, Surplus, & Liquidation Online auction sites like along with can be another resource for finding cheap gear in large quantities. These sites have a wide variety but be sure to check the items’ condition and factor in shipping before making a bid! These sites are best used when you know that you need a large quantity of one specific type of item. An example is a handful of GSM/LTE hotspots for use in a simulated forensics exercise or a bunch of padlocks for a village. Tip: Check the following sites for ideas when browsing devices... . eBay, ShopGoodwill, GovDeals, TSA confiscation & state surplus, wholesale liquidations WikiDevi, TechInfoDepot, FCC ID Search, & FCC.io Garage & Yard Sales Garage and yard sales are another great place to find bargains. Often with a wide variety of items for sale. You never know what you might find at a garage sale, so it's worth taking the time to look around and see what catches your eye. Unfortunately, there's no great way to see what sales are in your area other than driving around and scoping them out. Maybe use it as an excuse to go wardriving! Friends/Family, the "Table of Free Stuff", & the Junk Drawer Don't forget about your friends and family! They may have items that they no longer need, so don't be afraid to ask around, and see if anyone has anything they'd be willing to part with. Many dorms, apartment complexes, and workplaces may have a "Table of Free Stuff" where people leave items they no longer need. Much like the "Table of Free Stuff" we all have a junk drawer or two in our homes. Take a look through yours and see if there's anything that can be repurposed. FB Marketplace & Craigslist and are great resources filled with people selling all kinds of items. Be sure to read the descriptions carefully and ask the seller any questions you might have before making a purchase. Keep in mind that the best deals tend to go fast, so be sure to check these sites frequently and act quickly when you find something that you're interested in! Facebook Marketplace seems to have rapidly replaced Craigslist in both the usefulness and diversity of items. Craigslist Facebook Marketplace ! Stay safe out there meeting up with anyone FSA/HSA Stores Many healthcare providers offer flexible spending accounts (FSAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) that can be used to purchase medical equipment. Look for items like blood pressure & glucose monitors and other medical devices that can be used in your next project. Recent updates to the Food, Drug, & Cosmetic act mandating that medical devices meet certain cybersecurity requirements has made it more difficult to find vulnerable devices - great for patients; bad for hackers. Keep in mind that most devices no longer process data locally but instead offload it elsewhere. Checkout this awesome BSidesDayton 2022 talk from on HSA Eligible Hardware Hacking! Jeremy Hong https://youtu.be/IPta5FJQnD4?embedable=true Reddit Markets & Woot Reddit attracts a large number of tech-knowledgeable users who may be looking to upgrade their equipment. This can create a market of individuals willing to sell their unwanted gear at a lower price than it would cost to buy new. Some may even be willing to work out a trade! Additionally, these subreddits can offer a of anonymity. It is always important to approach any online marketplace with caution and to verify the legitimacy of any seller before making a purchase. Check out this list of markets - Apple, Hardware, AV, MechKeyboards, etc. Recommend using PayPal G&S; If it seems like a scam it's probably a scam. level Many of these Markets have since moved to Discord after Reddit API changes! Recommend checking out for cheap daily deals and flash sales on electronics, computers, and mobile devices. They offer a wide range of products, from electronics to household items, at discounted prices. What overstock Amazon couldn't sell Woot will and at a discounted price. A great resource for picking up phones. Woot WiGLE DevKits (Amazon Sidewalk) Many companies offer development kits that include hardware and software! These kits can be a great resource for finding new and exciting items. The Dev Kit can create devices that can communicate on Amazon's low-bandwidth, long-range network of smart home devices. The kit includes a module that can be added to devices to enable them to communicate Amazon Sidewalk Scrap Yard, Recycling Center, Pick-a-Part If you're looking for materials can be a great resource. These places are a treasure trove of used items, including a variety of metals, electronics, and other materials that can be hacked and/or repurposed. Some recycling centers even have areas where you can take apart old electronics to salvage the parts. Be sure to check out these places for a goldmine of affordable items. scrap yards and recycling centers Pawn Shops Pawn shops are another great place to find cheap stuff to hack because they often have a wide variety of items. Many of these items are sold for a fraction of their original cost, making them perfect. Additionally, pawn shops are a good source for items that may be harder to find elsewhere. With a little bit of social engineering negotiation, you can often get an even better deal on the items. So if you're on a budget, don't overlook your local pawn shop. Never know you may find a Garrett Magnetometer Hand Wand....checkout 's physical security talk from GrrCON! dnsprincess AliExpress & International Shops AliExpress, AliBaba, DHgate, and other international marketplaces offer a wide range of products, including high-quality components, tools, and equipment. From circuit boards and sensors to power supplies and programmable chips, you can find everything you need. Check out some of the following creators making awesome content around treasures they've found on some of these sites! Shipping times may vary and delivery isn't always guaranteed. There are many places to find affordable items that can be hacked, modified, or repurposed and with a little bit of creativity and ingenuity, you can turn these items into something new and useful, all while saving a lot of money. So get out there and start hunting for your next hacking project! Also published here.

Where to Find Cheap Stuff to Tinker With

102 Stories To Learn About Encryption

Things To Make by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CABINET-MAKING. here IX. CABINET-MAKING. A Match-box Cabinet. This is useful for the storage of small articles, such as stamps, pens, seeds, needles, and a number of other minor things which easily go astray if put in a drawer with larger objects. The best boxes for the purpose are those used for the larger Bryant and May matches. Select only those boxes of which the tray moves easily in the case. The cases should be stood on end on some flat surface while being glued together. A box or drawer with truly square corners is useful for assembling them in; if they are packed into one corner they cannot slew about. Press the boxes together while the glue is setting. Now glue the back ends of the cases (from which the trays should have been removed), and press them against a piece of thin card. When the glue is dry, apply some more with a small brush to the back angles inside the covers, to ensure a good hold on the backing. Trim off the card to the outline of the pile. [Illustration: FIG. 27.—Match-box cabinet.] Select for the front end of the drawer that for which the wood is doubled over. Paste outside the end a piece of white paper, whereon words and numbers will be more plainly visible. The life of the trays will be increased if the insides are neatly lined with thin paper. For “handles” use boot buttons, or loops of thin brass wire, or brass paper clips. To give the cabinet a neat appearance you should cover it outside with paper of some neutral tint; and if you wish it to be stable and not upset when a rather sticky drawer is pulled out, glue it down to a solid wooden base of the proper size. A Cardboard Cabinet. We now proceed to a more ambitious undertaking—the manufacture of a cabinet for the storage of note-paper, envelopes, labels, etc. The only materials needed are some cardboard and glue; the tools, a ruler and a very sharp knife. For the marking out a drawing board and T-square are invaluable. The cardboard should be fairly stout, not less than 1/16 inch thick. Begin with the drawers; it is easier to make the case fit the drawers than vice versa. Mark out the drawers as shown in Fig. 28. The areas AA are the front and back; BB the sides. The dotted lines indicate the lines along which the cardboard is bent up. The sides are of exactly the same length as the bottom, but the front and back are longer than the bottom by twice the thickness of the cardboard, so as to overlap the sides. (The extra length is indicated by the heavy black lines.) [Illustration: FIG. 28.—Drawer of cardboard cabinet marked ready for cutting.] Measure and cut out very carefully to ensure all the drawers being of the same size. Lay a piece of card under the thing cut to avoid blunting the knife or damaging the table. When the blanks are ready, cut them almost through along the dotted lines. Use several strokes, and after each stroke test the stubbornness of the bend. When the card is almost severed it will bend up quite easily. Note.—Bend as shown in the inset C; not the other way, or you will snap the card. If you should be so unlucky as to cut the card through in places, paste a strip of thin paper along the line before turning up. The four flaps are now bent up, glued together, and covered outside with paper. This part of the business is easy enough if a small square-cornered wooden box be used as a support inside at each angle in turn. It is advisable to glue strips along all the bends both inside and outside. The external strips should be flattened down well, so as to offer no loose edges. Compare the drawers, and if one is slightly wider than the rest, use it to guide you in making the measurements for the case. The sides and back of the case are cut out of a single piece. The sides should be a quarter of an inch deeper than the drawers to allow some overlap; the back slightly wider than the drawer. As each drawer will be separated from that above it by a shelf, allowance must be made for the shelves, and also for a twentieth of an inch or so of “play” to each drawer. To keep on the safe side leave a little extra stuff to be removed later on. Cut out the bottom to fit inside the back and sides exactly, and a sufficient number of shelves of precisely the same size as the bottom. Attach the bottom to the sides and back with internal and external strips. When the glue has set, place the guide drawer in position, and lay on it a piece of thin card to cover it over. This card is merely a removable “spacer.” Along the side and back edges of the shelf stick projecting strips of stout paper. When the adhesive is dry, turn the strips round the end at right angles to the division, glue them outside, and lay the division in position on top of the “spacer.” Place the second drawer and shelf in like manner, and continue till the top of the cabinet is reached. Then mark off and cut away any superfluous card. Glue the top edges, and stand the cabinet head downwards on a piece of cardboard. Trim off the edges of this, and the top is completed, except for binding the corners. Then attend to the outside back corners of the case, and paste strips in the angles under the shelves. The strips should be forced well into the angles. For handles use brass rings let sufficiently far through the fronts of the drawers for a wedge of card to be slipped through them and stuck in position. The appearance of the cabinet will be enhanced by a neatly applied covering of paper. A Cigar-box Cabinet. At the rate of a halfpenny or less apiece one may buy the cigar boxes made to hold twenty-five cigars. These boxes, being fashioned by machinery, are all—at any rate all those devoted to a particular “brand”—of the same dimensions; they are neatly constructed, and their wood is well seasoned. Anyone who wishes to make a useful little cabinet may well employ the boxes as drawers in the said cabinet (Fig. 29). Each box should be prepared as follows:-Remove the lid and paper lining, and rub all the paper binding off the outside angles with a piece of coarse glass paper. This is a safer method than soaking-off, which may cause warping and swelling of the wood. Then plane down the tops of the two sides till they are flush with the back and front, and glue into the corners small pieces of wood of right-angled-triangle section to hold the sides together and the bottom to the sides. To secure the parts further cut a number of large pins down to 3/4 inch, and drive these into the sides through holes carefully drilled in the bottom. Finally, rub the outside of the drawer well with fine glass paper or emery cloth till the surface is smooth all over. The Case.—If mahogany can be obtained for this, so much the better, as the wood will match the boxes. In default of it, a white wood, stained, will have to serve. [Illustration: FIG. 29.—Cabinet with cigar-box drawers.] The two sides of the case should be prepared first Wood 3/8 inch thick is advised. Each side is 1 inch wider than the depth (outside) of a drawer from front to back. (Whether the drawers shall slide in lengthways or flatways is for the maker to decide.) The length of a side is calculated on the basis that the drawers will be separated from one another by runners 1/4 to 5/16 inch deep, and that a slight clearance must be allowed for the drawers to slide in and out freely. In the first instance cut the sides a bit too long. If it be preferred to insert the bottom between the sides, the length must be increased accordingly. The runners are cut out of the box lids, and planed till their top and bottom edges are parallel. Their length is 1/4 inch less than the depth of a drawer. To fill up the spaces between the drawers in front you will need some slips of the same depth as the runners, and 3/8 inch longer than the drawer, so that they may be let 3/16 inch into the sides of the case at each end. Affixing the Runners.—This is a very easy matter if a wooden spacer, slightly wider than the depth of the drawer, is prepared. Having decided which is to be the inside face and the forward edge of a side, lay the side flat, and apply the spacer with one edge flush with the bottom of the side, or as far away from it as the thickness of the bottom, as the case may be, and fix it lightly in position with a couple of tacks. The first runner is laid touching the spacer and a little back from the edge to give room for the cross-bar, and fastened by means of short tacks, for which holes had better be drilled in the runner to prevent splitting. The spacer is now transferred to the other side of the runner, and the second runner is fastened on above it; and so on till all the runners are in position. The square should be used occasionally to make sure that the tops of the runners are parallel to one another. The other side having been treated in like manner, any spare wood at the top is sawn off. The notches for the front cross-bars between drawers are cut out with a very sharp narrow chisel. The Top and Bottom.—Make the top of the same thickness as the sides; the bottom of somewhat stouter wood. If the bottom is cut a bit longer than the width of the case, and neatly bevelled off, it will help to smarten the appearance of the cabinet. When fixing the sides to the bottom and top get the distance correct by placing the top and bottom drawers in position, and insert a piece of thin card between one end of the drawer and the side. This will ensure the necessary clearance being allowed for. The Back.—Cut this out of thin wood. The top of a sweetstuff box-costing about a halfpenny—will do well enough. It should be quite rectangular and make a close fit, as it plays the important part of keeping the case square laterally. Bevel its back edges off a bit. Push it in against the back ends of the runners, and fix it by picture brads driven in behind. The front bars should now be cut to a good fit and glued in the notches. This completes the construction. Drop handles for the drawers may be made out of semicircles of brass wire with the ends turned up. The handles are held up to the drawer by loops of finer wire passed through the front and clinched inside. The finishing of the outside must be left to the maker’s taste. Varnishing, or polishing with warmed beeswax, will add to the general appearance, and keep out damp. The total cost of a ten-drawer cabinet ought not to exceed eighteen pence. A Tool Cabinet. The wooden cabinet shown in Fig. 30 is constructed, as regards its case, in the same way as that just described, but the drawers are built up of several pieces. The over-all dimensions of the cabinet represented are as follows: Height, including plinth, 25 inches; width, 17-3/8 inches; depth, 10-1/2 inches. The drawers are 16 inches wide (outside), by 10-1/8 inches from back to front, and, reckoning from the bottom upwards, are 3-1/4, 3, 2-1/2, 2, 2, 2, 2, and 1-3/4 inches deep. [Illustration: FIG. 30.—Large cabinet (a), details of drawer joints (b, c, d), and padlock fastening (e).] The construction of the drawers is indicated by the diagrams, Fig. 30, b, c, d. The fronts are of 5/8-inch, the sides and backs of 3/8-inch, and the bottoms of (barely) 1/4-inch wood. The grooves should not come nearer than 1/8-inch to the bottom edge, or be more than 5/16 inch wide and deep. The possessor of a suitable “plough” plane will have no difficulty in cutting them out; in the absence or such a tool the cutting gauge and chisel must be used. The back piece of a drawer has 1/4-inch less height than the front, to allow the bottom to be introduced. The ends or the bottom are bevelled off towards the top edge to fit the grooves, so that no part may be above the grooves. Glue should be used to attach the sides of a drawer to the back and front in the first place, and nails be added when the glue has set. As an aid to obtaining perfect squareness, without which the drawers will fit badly, it is advisable to mark out on a board a rectangle having the exact inside dimensions of a drawer, and to nail strips of wood up to the lines on the inside. If the parts are put together round this template they will necessarily fit squarely. Divisions.—If the drawers are to be subdivided in one direction only, the partitions should run preferably from back to front, as this enables the contents of a compartment to be more easily seen. Where two-direction division is needed the partitions are cut as shown in Fig. 31. All partitions should touch the bottom, and be made immovable by gluing or nailing. It is a mistake to have so many divisions in a drawer that the fingers cannot get into them easily. Wooden knobs for the drawers can be bought very cheaply of any turner, or suitable brass knobs at any ironmonger’s. Take care that the knobs are in line with one another; otherwise the general appearance of the cabinet will suffer. [Illustration: FIG. 31.—Divisions of drawer notched to cross each other.] Lock and Key.—If a cabinet is intended for storage of articles of any value it should be provided with lock and key. One lock will secure all the drawers if attached to a flap hinged on one side to the cabinet, as shown in Fig. 30 a, to engage a catch projecting from one of the drawers. A special form of lock is sold for the purpose. If the single flap seems to give a lop-sided effect, place a fellow on the other side, and fit it with sunk bolts to shoot into the overhanging top and plinth. If you wish to avoid the expense and trouble of fitting a lock, substitute a padlock and a staple clinched through the front of a drawer and passing through a slot in the flap (Fig. 30, e). Alternative Method.—The fixing of the front bars can be avoided if the front of each drawer (except the lowest) be made to overhang the bottom by the depth of the runner. This method, of course, makes it impossible to stand a drawer level on a level surface. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2005). Things To Make. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14664/pg14664-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

CABINET-MAKING.

Things To Make by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . A POULTRY HOUSE AND RUN here VI. A POULTRY HOUSE AND RUN. This chapter should be of interest to the keeper of poultry on a small scale, for even if the instructions given are not followed out quite as they stand, they may suggest modifications to suit the taste and means of the reader. The principle of the combined run and house—which will accommodate a dozen fowls without overcrowding, especially if it be moved from time to time on to fresh ground—will be understood from Figs. 13 and 14. The first of these shows the framework to which the boards for the house and the wire for the run are nailed. Its over-all length of 10 feet is subdivided into five “bays” or panels, 2 feet long (nearly) between centres of rafters. Two bays are devoted to the house, three to the run. [Illustration: Fig. 13.—Frame for poultry house and run (above). Completed house and run (below).] One square (10 by 10 feet) of weather boarding 6 inches wide, for covering in the house. 44 feet of 4 by 1, for base and ridge. 56 feet of 3 by 1, for eight rafters. 28 feet of 3 by 1-1/2, for four rafters. 50 feet of 2 by 1-1/2, for door frames and doors. 6 feet of 2 by 2, for tie t. 45 feet of 2-foot wire netting. Two pairs of hinges; two locks; staples, etc. The materials used comprise:— The total cost as estimated from prices current at the time of writing is 25s. This cost could be considerably reduced by using lighter stuff all through for the framework and doors and by covering in the house with old boards, which may be picked up cheaply if one is lucky. Whether it is advisable to sacrifice durability and rigidity to cost must be left to the maker to decide. Anyhow, if the specifications given are followed, an outfit warranted to last for several years will be produced. A Few Points.—The vertical height of the run is just under 6 feet, the tips being cut away from the rafters at the apex. The width at the ground is exactly 6 feet. The base angles made by AA with B (Fig. 14) are 63 degrees; that which they make with one another, 54 degrees. The rafters r1 and r3 at each end of the house are half an inch thicker than the rest, as they have to stand a lot of nailing. CONSTRUCTION. Cutting the Rafters.—If floor space is available, chalk out accurately the external outline of a pair of rafters (80 inches long each before shaping) and a line joining their lower ends. Then draw a line bisecting the ridge angle. With this template as guide the rafters can be quickly cut to shape. Another method is to cut one rafter out very carefully, making a notch for half the width of the ridge, and to use it as a pattern for the rest. In any case the chalked lines will prove useful in the next operation of pairing the rafters and uniting them by a tie just under the ridge notch. Cut a 4 by 1 inch notch at the bottom of each rafter, on the outside, for the base piece. The two end pairs have the B pieces (Fig. 14) nailed on to them, and r3 the tie t, which should be in line with the rafters. The other three pairs require temporary ties halfway up to prevent straddling during erection. Door Frames and Doors.—The method of fixing the frame of the door at the run end is shown in Fig. 14. The material for the frame being 1/2 inch thicker than that of the rafters, there is room for shoulders at the top angles, as indicated by dotted lines. The door frame at the house end is of the same thickness as r1 so that no overlapping is possible. This being the case, screws should be used in preference to nails, which are liable to draw a sloping face out of position as they get home. [Illustration: Fig. 14.—On left, elevation of end of run; on right, door for run.] The doors are made of 2 by 2 inch stuff, halved at the corners. Cut out the top and bottom of the two sides; lay them on the floor so as to form a perfect rectangle, and nail them together. The strut is then prepared, care being taken to get a good fit, as any shortness of strut will sooner or later mean sagging of the door. Cut the angles as squarely as possible, to ensure the strut being of the same length both inside and out. Note.—As the door is rectangular, it does not matter which corners are occupied by the ends of the strut; but when the door is hung, the strut must run relatively to the side on which the hinges are, as shown in Fig. 14. Amateurs—even some professionals—have been known to get the strut the wrong way up, and so render it practically useless. Covering the Ends of the House.—The ends of the house should be covered before erection, while it is still possible to do the nailing on the flat. The run end is boarded right over, beginning at the bottom, and allowing each board to overlap that below it by 1 inch. The board ends are flush with the outer sides of the rafters. When boarding is finished, cut (with a pad saw) a semicircular-topped run hole, 14 inches high and 8 inches wide, in the middle of the bottom. Any structural weakness caused by severing the two lowest boards is counteracted by the two grooved pieces in which the drop-door moves. Odds and ends of weather boards should be kept for the door end of the house, which requires short pieces only, and is not boarded below the top of b2. The door may be weather-boarded to match the rest of the end, or covered by a few strakes of match-boarding put on vertically. The two base pieces, b1 and b2, and the ridge should be marked off for the rafters at the same time. All three are 10-foot lengths of 4 by 1 wood, unless you prefer the ridge to project a bit, in which case you must allow accordingly. Stand all three pieces together on edge, and make the marks with a square across the tops. Allow a distance of 4 feet between the outside faces of r1 and r3; halve this distance to get the centre of r2; and subdivide the distance between r3 and r6 so that each rafter is separated from its neighbours by an equal space, which will be 1 foot 11 inches. Number the marks and continue them down the sides of the boards with the square. There should be a mark on each side of the place to be occupied by the intermediate rafters, to prevent mistakes; for it is obvious that if a rafter is fixed on the left side of a single ridge mark and on the right of the corresponding mark on the base, the result will not be pleasing. Erection.—The services of a second pair of hands are needed here, to hold while nailing is done. Nail holes having been drilled in the tops of the rafters and in the base pieces, the ends are stood upright and tacked to the ridge at the places marked for them, and after them the intermediate rafters, working from one end to the other. Then tack on the base pieces, b1, b3. Get the ends quite perpendicular, and nail a temporary cross strut or two on the outside of the rafters to prevent shifting while the final nailing up is done. Covering the Shed.—Sixteen boards, 4 feet 2 inches long, are needed for each side, as, owing to the overlap of one inch, each tier covers only five of the 80 inches. The ridge is made watertight by a strip of sheet zinc, a foot wide, bent over the top and nailed along each edge. Waterproofing.—All the woodwork should now be given a coating of well-boiled tar, paint, creosote, or some other preservative, worked well down into the cracks. Creosote and stoprot are most convenient to use, as they dry quickly. Netting.—When the preservative has dried, fix on the netting with 3/4-inch wire staples. Begin at the base on one side, strain the netting over the ridge, and down to the base on the other side. Be careful not to draw the rafters out of line sideways. The last edge stapled should be that on the roof of the house. Note.—When driving nails or staples into a rafter or other part, get a helper to hold up some object considerably heavier than the hammer on the farther side to deaden the blow. Lack of such support may cause damage, besides making the work much more tedious and difficult. Finishing off.—The doors are now hung, and fitted with buttons and padlocks. The stops should be on the doors, not on the frames, where they would prove an obstruction in a somewhat narrow opening. Perches should be of 2 by 1 inch wood, rounded off at the top, and supported in sockets at each end so as to be removable for cleaning; and be all on the same level, to avoid fighting for the “upper seats” among the fowls. A loose floor, made in two pieces for convenience of moving, will help to keep the fowls warm and make cleaning easier, but will add a few shillings to the cost. The inside of the house should be well whitewashed before fowls are admitted. To prevent draughts the triangular spaces between the roof boards and rafters should be plugged, but ample ventilation must be provided for by holes bored in the ends of the house at several elevations, the lowest 2 feet above the base. Handles for lifting may be screwed to the faces of b and b2 halfway between the door frame and the corners. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2005). Things To Make. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14664/pg14664-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

A POULTRY HOUSE AND RUN

Dedicated to the MIT Press Bookshop

Phishing is a long-standing social engineering technique used by cybercriminals to trick people into giving up sensitive information (e.g., credit card details, login credentials, phone numbers, addresses, etc.) for financial gain. The victim is not even aware their information has been compromised, given that there’s no provided consent or approval. According to the , in Q4 of 2022, the number of phishing attacks worldwide set a record of over 4.7 million attacks. That translates to a growth rate of more than 150% per year since 2019, with the financial sector the most targeted. Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) reports Attackers use these electronic means to distribute persuasive text and images to earn the victim’s trust by convincing them about the legitimacy of the communication. This kind of scam comes in many forms, including telephone phishing, smishing (SMS phishing), phishing emails, and phishing websites. A common way to approach potential victims is by delivering legitimate-looking phishing links (URLs) via email that lead to malicious websites. Even messages sent on social networking sites and apps, like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram may contain phishing links, along with a reason to click on them — all the while claiming it will redirect the user to the official page of something they recognize. In addition, it’s also common to find malicious links among benign ones as part of search engine results. It's important to note that malicious links can be very similar to the actual URL that the attackers are attempting to impersonate. A common example of those phishing URLs would be something like — the camouflaged version of the real . The very similar appearance between URLs brings another security gap that can be taken advantage of by attackers since users can mistype letters when they enter a URL address in their internet browser. These nearly identical URLs can be taken by a phishing website. In the wild, we can find examples of phishing URLs with a completely different appearance from the actual one, and they seem to be a shortened version of very long URLs, like the ones generated by Google URL shortener. www.faceb00k.com www.facebook.com can be hard to identify. Hoping to trick victims into giving up personal information, many sites look convincingly like the ones they’re imitating. In some cases, fake websites are poorly constructed by attackers, and it’s evident that the page looks distorted. Like a poorly rendered version of the original one or there are unexpected elements on the page (page footers, menus, or panels). There could also be some textual elements that include mismatched typography and/or language. Phishing websites Nevertheless, since most of the source code of any webpage is accessible through an internet browser, it’s fairly easy to create phishing webpages that look identical to the legitimate ones, which makes identifying a malicious page, via a visual assessment or “user intuition,” very challenging to do accurately. Phishing emails are typically less successful thanks to advances in classifying them as spam. However, some phishing emails and links still manage to slip into inboxes. Nevertheless, attackers are becoming more and more creative in the way they distribute malicious URLs. For instance, scammers can share them during phone calls, or by sending large numbers of SMS messages — tricks to hitting specific groups of people. This can range from posting malicious URLs in videos of popular YouTubers to deceptive apps for authentication, showing the user a QR code that contains a phishing site with a credential stealer installed. Below you can find two examples of recent phishing campaigns. Phishing continues to be a leading attack method because it allows cybercriminals to target people at scale. Usually, they distribute under the pretense of being representatives from major companies where the intended targets have accounts. Banks, governmental institutions, e-shops, e-mail service providers, and telecommunication companies are the most attractive businesses for phishing attacks — due to their high number of clients and the sensitive data involved. phishing scams What does a phishing site look like? Some of the modern phishing websites are reasonably easy to highlight in the wild due to the evident disparities to legitimate sites. Nowadays, cybercriminals use toolkits to create phishing pages in a short time, without the need for expert knowledge in website construction. Below you can find an example of such an attack, where visual differences reveal the fakeness of the site. In the previous Facebook login pages, we can see some changes that lead us to doubt the authenticity of the website, like a bigger logo, typographic differences, the absence of the footer text, the “Create new account” button in a slightly different green tone, and among others. Nevertheless, there are extremely deceptive phishing sites. In those cases, attackers put a lot of effort into making them look like the real thing. In the examples below, you can see how similar a phishing site looks compared to its authentic counterpart. In the login pages shown above, we can spot small details that differentiate the phishing site from the actual login page. The phishing version is a near duplicate of the original one, where the changes are very subtle and discrete intentionally to go unnoticed by the victim, i.e., the footer text has a different alignment, there are missing elements in it, or they are not displayed correctly. Phishing sites have greatly evolved over the years to become convincing counterfeits. Some even use HTTPS, giving users a false sense of security when they see the green padlock. The minor flaws in a phishing website might appear obvious when positioned alongside a legitimate page, but not so noticeable alone. But think about the last time you saw the login page for a service you frequently use. Chances are, you’ll struggle to recall all the details, which is exactly what phishing scammers are hoping for when they design their pages. How are phishing threats spreading? Historically, the most common way to spread phishing websites has been via phishing emails, but they’re also spread via paid advertisements that appear in search results. Other attack vectors include a technique called clickbait. Cybercriminals typically use clickbait on social media by promising something, such as a free phone, to encourage users to click on malicious links. What happens when a phisher makes a catch? Like nearly all modern cyberattacks, phishing is used for financial gain. When users give up login credentials to a phishing site, cybercriminals can abuse them in several different ways, depending on the type of site used to phish. Many phishing attacks imitate financial institutions, such as banks or companies like PayPal, and aim to yield significant financial rewards for cybercriminals. If a cybercriminal tricks a user into giving up their credentials to a shipping website, such as UPS or FedEx, they’re unlikely to profit from accessing the account. Instead, they may try to use the same credentials to access other accounts with more valuable information, such as an email account, knowing that people often use the same passwords across multiple services. Another way for cybercriminals to profit would be to sell the stolen credentials on the dark web, a deeper part of the internet where private networks do business anonymously without disclosing identity information. This is a “spray and pray” attack method. Many outdated WordPress sites on the web can be hacked and used for phishing campaigns at a very low cost. Generally, the price to deploy a phishing kit is approximately $25, making it very affordable and still profitable for the attackers. Another disadvantage of phishing – for the potential victim - is that the attacks have a short time to live (TTL), and the URLs frequently change inside one campaign making standard detection methods, like creating blocklists of suspicious URLs, ineffective against zero-day attacks. How to protect yourself Time often varies between a successful phishing attack – when the cybercriminal acquires the credentials, and when they use them. The quicker we’re able to mitigate the threat, the more potential victims we’re able to protect. Once a user’s credentials are stolen, there’s not much they can do other than change those credentials as soon as possible. In 2024, cybersecurity researchers found evidence that there are also new techniques to bypass various spam filters, even the best ones on Google. For example, attachments are sent as PDF files, which do not contain any text, to redirect users to other Google services, such as Google Docs. In addition, other non-standard phishing attachments are used, such as calendar invitations, where URLs linking to phishing sites are also included in the event description. Below, here’s a checklist to help prevent you from falling victim to one of the most successful forms of a cyberattack: First and foremost, install an antivirus solution on all of your devices, whether PC, mobile, or Mac. acts as a safety net, protecting users online. Antivirus software Do not click on links or download files from suspicious emails. Avoid replying to them, even if they allegedly came from . Instead, contact those entities through a separate channel and ensure that the message actually came from them. someone you trust Directly enter a website’s URL into your browser whenever possible, so you end up visiting the site you want to visit, rather than a phony version. Do not solely rely on the green HTTPS padlock. While this signifies that the connection is encrypted, the site could still be fake. Cybercriminals encrypt their phishing sites to further deceive users, so it’s important to double-check that the site you’re visiting is the real deal. Surf the web safely through an internet browser capable of catching phishing sites that are imperceptible to the naked eye. Like , which is powered with state-of-the-art security features distributed across multiple protection layers, assesses the URL legitimacy from its technical components running behind curtains to the visual content shown to the user. Leading to an efficient mitigation of these threats in massive campaigns. Norton Secure Browser : . Author Javier Aldana Iuit, PhD AI/ML Researcher of Visual Phishing and Scam Cyber-threats Detection, GEN

How Does Modern Phishing Work?

¿Cómo funciona el phishing moderno?

Comment fonctionne le phishing moderne ?

आधुनिक फ़िशिंग कैसे काम करती है?

最新のフィッシングはどのように機能するのでしょうか?

Como funciona o phishing moderno?

Lừa đảo hiện đại hoạt động như thế nào?

现代网络钓鱼是如何运作的？

The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson by Mark Twain, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Driscoll Spares His Slaves here Driscoll Spares His Slaves Adam was but human—this explains it all. He did not want the apple for the apple’s sake, he wanted it only because it was forbidden. The mistake was in not forbidding the serpent; then he would have eaten the serpent. —Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar. Pudd’nhead Wilson had a trifle of money when he arrived, and he bought a small house on the extreme western verge of the town. Between it and Judge Driscoll’s house there was only a grassy yard, with a paling fence dividing the properties in the middle. He hired a small office down in the town and hung out a tin sign with these words on it: DAVID WILSON. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW. SURVEYING, CONVEYANCING, ETC. But his deadly remark had ruined his chance—at least in the law. No clients came. He took down his sign, after a while, and put it up on his own house with the law features knocked out of it. It offered his services now in the humble capacities of land-surveyor and expert accountant. Now and then he got a job of surveying to do, and now and then a merchant got him to straighten out his books. With Scotch patience and pluck he resolved to live down his reputation and work his way into the legal field yet. Poor fellow, he could not foresee that it was going to take him such a weary long time to do it. He had a rich abundance of idle time, but it never hung heavy on his hands, for he interested himself in every new thing that was born into the universe of ideas, and studied it and experimented upon it at his house. One of his pet fads was palmistry. To another one he gave no name, neither would he explain to anybody what its purpose was, but merely said it was an amusement. In fact he had found that his fads added to his reputation as a pudd’nhead; therefore he was growing chary of being too communicative about them. The fad without a name was one which dealt with people’s finger-marks. He carried in his coat pocket a shallow box with grooves in it, and in the grooves strips of glass five inches long and three inches wide. Along the lower edge of each strip was pasted a slip of white paper. He asked people to pass their hands through their hair (thus collecting upon them a thin coating of the natural oil) and then make a thumb-mark on a glass strip, following it with the mark of the ball of each finger in succession. Under this row of faint grease-prints he would write a record on the strip of white paper—thus: John Smith, — right hand and add the day of the month and the year, then take Smith’s left hand on another glass strip, and add name and date and the words “left hand.” The strips were now returned to the grooved box, and took their place among what Wilson called his “records.” He often studied his records, examining and poring over them with absorbing interest until far into the night; but what he found there—if he found anything—he revealed to no one. Sometimes he copied on paper the involved and delicate pattern left by the ball of a finger, and then vastly enlarged it with a pantograph so that he could examine its web of curving lines with ease and convenience. One sweltering afternoon—it was the first day of July, 1830—he was at work over a set of tangled account-books in his work-room, which looked westward over a stretch of vacant lots, when a conversation outside disturbed him. It was carried on in yells, which showed that the people engaged in it were not close together: “Say, Roxy, how does yo’ baby come on?” This from the distant voice. “Fust-rate; how does come on, Jasper?” This yell was from close by. you “Oh, I’s middlin’; hain’t got noth’n’ to complain of. I’s gwine to come a-court’n’ you bimeby, Roxy.” “ is, you black mud-cat! Yah—yah—yah! I got somep’n’ better to do den ’sociat’n’ wid niggers as black as you is. Is ole Miss Cooper’s Nancy done give you de mitten?” Roxy followed this sally with another discharge of care-free laughter. You “You’s jealous, Roxy, dat’s what’s de matter wid , you hussy—yah—yah—yah! Dat’s de time I got you!” you “Oh, yes, got me, hain’t you. ’Clah to goodness if dat conceit o’ yo’n strikes in, Jasper, it gwine to kill you sho’. If you b’longed to me I’d sell you down de river ’fo’ you git too fur gone. Fust time I runs acrost yo’ marster, I’s gwine to tell him so.” you This idle and aimless jabber went on and on, both parties enjoying the friendly duel and each well satisfied with his own share of the wit exchanged—for wit they considered it. Wilson stepped to the window to observe the combatants; he could not work while their chatter continued. Over in the vacant lots was Jasper, young, coal-black and of magnificent build, sitting on a wheelbarrow in the pelting sun—at work, supposably, whereas he was in fact only preparing for it by taking an hour’s rest before beginning. In front of Wilson’s porch stood Roxy, with a local hand-made baby-wagon, in which sat her two charges—one at each end and facing each other. From Roxy’s manner of speech, a stranger would have expected her to be black, but she was not. Only one sixteenth of her was black, and that sixteenth did not show. She was of majestic form and stature, her attitudes were imposing and statuesque, and her gestures and movements distinguished by a noble and stately grace. Her complexion was very fair, with the rosy glow of vigorous health in the cheeks, her face was full of character and expression, her eyes were brown and liquid, and she had a heavy suit of fine soft hair which was also brown, but the fact was not apparent because her head was bound about with a checkered handkerchief and the hair was concealed under it. Her face was shapely, intelligent and comely—even beautiful. She had an easy, independent carriage—when she was among her own caste—and a high and “sassy” way, withal; but of course she was meek and humble enough where white people were. To all intents and purposes Roxy was as white as anybody, but the one sixteenth of her which was black outvoted the other fifteen parts and made her a negro. She was a slave, and salable as such. Her child was thirty-one parts white, and he, too, was a slave, and by a fiction of law and custom a negro. He had blue eyes and flaxen curls like his white comrade, but even the father of the white child was able to tell the children apart—little as he had commerce with them—by their clothes: for the white babe wore ruffled soft muslin and a coral necklace, while the other wore merely a coarse tow-linen shirt which barely reached to its knees, and no jewelry. The white child’s name was Thomas à Becket Driscoll, the other’s name was Valet de Chambre: no surname—slaves hadn’t the privilege. Roxana had heard that phrase somewhere, the fine sound of it had pleased her ear, and as she had supposed it was a name, she loaded it on to her darling. It soon got shorted to “Chambers,” of course. Wilson knew Roxy by sight, and when the duel of wit began to play out, he stepped outside to gather in a record or two. Jasper went to work energetically, at once, perceiving that his leisure was observed. Wilson inspected the children and asked— “How old are they, Roxy?” “Bofe de same age, sir—five months. Bawn de fust o’ Feb’uary.” “They’re handsome little chaps. One’s just as handsome as the other, too.” A delighted smile exposed the girl’s white teeth, and she said: “Bless yo’ soul, Misto Wilson, it’s pow’ful nice o’ you to say dat, ’ca’se one of ’em ain’t on’y a nigger. Mighty prime little nigger, al’ays says, but dat’s ’ca’se it’s mine, o’ course.” I “How do you tell them apart, Roxy, when they haven’t any clothes on?” Roxy laughed a laugh proportioned to her size, and said: “Oh, kin tell ’em ’part, Misto Wilson, but I bet Marse Percy couldn’t, not to save his life.” I Wilson chatted along for awhile, and presently got Roxy’s finger-prints for his collection—right hand and left—on a couple of his glass strips; then labeled and dated them, and took the “records” of both children, and labeled and dated them also. Two months later, on the 3d of September, he took this trio of finger-marks again. He liked to have a “series,” two or three “takings” at intervals during the period of childhood, these to be followed by others at intervals of several years. The next day—that is to say, on the 4th of September—something occurred which profoundly impressed Roxana. Mr. Driscoll missed another small sum of money—which is a way of saying that this was not a new thing, but had happened before. In truth it had happened three times before. Driscoll’s patience was exhausted. He was a fairly humane man toward slaves and other animals; he was an exceedingly humane man toward the erring of his own race. Theft he could not abide, and plainly there was a thief in his house. Necessarily the thief must be one of his negroes. Sharp measures must be taken. He called his servants before him. There were three of these, besides Roxy: a man, a woman, and a boy twelve years old. They were not related. Mr. Driscoll said: “You have all been warned before. It has done no good. This time I will teach you a lesson. I will sell the thief. Which of you is the guilty one?” They all shuddered at the threat, for here they had a good home, and a new one was likely to be a change for the worse. The denial was general. None had stolen anything—not money, anyway—a little sugar, or cake, or honey, or something like that, that “Marse Percy wouldn’t mind or miss,” but not money—never a cent of money. They were eloquent in their protestations, but Mr. Driscoll was not moved by them. He answered each in turn with a stern “Name the thief!” The truth was, all were guilty but Roxana; she suspected that the others were guilty, but she did not know them to be so. She was horrified to think how near she had come to being guilty herself; she had been saved in the nick of time by a revival in the colored Methodist Church, a fortnight before, at which time and place she “got religion.” The very next day after that gracious experience, while her change of style was fresh upon her and she was vain of her purified condition, her master left a couple dollars lying unprotected on his desk, and she happened upon that temptation when she was polishing around with a dust-rag. She looked at the money awhile with a steady rising resentment, then she burst out with— “Dad blame dat revival, I wisht it had ’a’ be’n put off till to-morrow!” Then she covered the tempter with a book, and another member of the kitchen cabinet got it. She made this sacrifice as a matter of religious etiquette; as a thing necessary just now, but by no means to be wrested into a precedent; no, a week or two would limber up her piety, then she would be rational again, and the next two dollars that got left out in the cold would find a comforter—and she could name the comforter. Was she bad? Was she worse than the general run of her race? No. They had an unfair show in the battle of life, and they held it no sin to take military advantage of the enemy—in a small way; in a small way, but not in a large one. They would smouch provisions from the pantry whenever they got a chance; or a brass thimble, or a cake of wax, or an emery-bag, or a paper of needles, or a silver spoon, or a dollar bill, or small articles of clothing, or any other property of light value; and so far were they from considering such reprisals sinful, that they would go to church and shout and pray the loudest and sincerest with their plunder in their pockets. A farm smoke-house had to be kept heavily padlocked, for even the colored deacon himself could not resist a ham when Providence showed him in a dream, or otherwise, where such a thing hung lonesome and longed for some one to love. But with a hundred hanging before him the deacon would not take two—that is, on the same night. On frosty nights the humane negro prowler would warm the end of a plank and put it up under the cold claws of chickens roosting in a tree; a drowsy hen would step on to the comfortable board, softly clucking her gratitude, and the prowler would dump her into his bag, and later into his stomach, perfectly sure that in taking this trifle from the man who daily robbed him of an inestimable treasure—his liberty—he was not committing any sin that God would remember against him in the Last Great Day. “Name the thief!” For the fourth time Mr. Driscoll had said it, and always in the same hard tone. And now he added these words of awful import: “I give you one minute”—he took out his watch. “If at the end of that time you have not confessed, I will not only sell all four of you, —I will sell you down the river!” but It was equivalent to condemning them to hell! No Missouri negro doubted this. Roxy reeled in her tracks and the color vanished out of her face; the others dropped to their knees as if they had been shot; tears gushed from their eyes, their supplicating hands went up, and three answers came in the one instant: “I done it!” “I done it!” “I done it!—have mercy, marster—Lord have mercy on us po’ niggers!” “Very good,” said the master, putting up his watch, “I will sell you though you don’t 40deserve it. You ought to be sold down the river.” here The culprits flung themselves prone, in an ecstasy of gratitude, and kissed his feet, declaring that they would never forget his goodness and never cease to pray for him as long as they lived. They were sincere, for like a god he had stretched forth his mighty hand and closed the gates of hell against them. He knew, himself, that he had done a noble and gracious thing, and was privately well pleased with his magnanimity; and that night he set the incident down in his diary, so that his son might read it in after years, and be thereby moved to deeds of gentleness and humanity himself. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Mark Twain (2004). The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/102/pg102-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Driscoll Spares His Slaves

The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Chapter II here Chapter II There was no longer any doubt as to the pirates’ intentions. They had dropped anchor at a short distance from the island, and it was evident that the next day by means of their boats they purposed to land on the beach! Cyrus Harding and his companions were ready to act, but, determined though they were, they must not forget to be prudent. Perhaps their presence might still be concealed in the event of the pirates contenting themselves with landing on the shore without examining the interior of the island. It might be, indeed, that their only intention was to obtain fresh water from the Mercy, and it was not impossible that the bridge, thrown across a mile and a half from the mouth, and the manufactory at the Chimneys might escape their notice. But why was that flag hoisted at the brig’s peak? What was that shot fired for? Pure bravado doubtless, unless it was a sign of the act of taking possession. Harding knew now that the vessel was well armed. And what had the colonists of Lincoln Island to reply to the pirates’ guns? A few muskets only. “However,” observed Cyrus Harding, “here we are in an impregnable position. The enemy cannot discover the mouth of the outlet, now that it is hidden under reeds and grass, and consequently it would be impossible for them to penetrate into Granite House.” “But our plantations, our poultry-yard, our corral, all, everything!” exclaimed Pencroft, stamping his foot. “They may spoil everything, destroy everything in a few hours!” “Everything, Pencroft,” answered Harding, “and we have no means of preventing them.” “Are they numerous? that is the question,” said the reporter. “If they are not more than a dozen, we shall be able to stop them, but forty, fifty, more perhaps!” “Captain Harding,” then said Ayrton, advancing towards the engineer, “will you give me leave?” “For what, my friend?” “To go to that vessel to find out the strength of her crew.” “But Ayrton—” answered the engineer, hesitating, “you will risk your life—” “Why not, sir?” “That is more than your duty.” “I have more than my duty to do,” replied Ayrton. “Will you go to the ship in the boat?” asked Gideon Spilett. “No, sir, but I will swim. A boat would be seen where a man may glide between wind and water.” “Do you know that the brig is a mile and a quarter from the shore?” said Herbert. “I am a good swimmer, Mr. Herbert.” “I tell you it is risking your life,” said the engineer. “That is no matter,” answered Ayrton. “Captain Harding, I ask this as a favor. Perhaps it will be a means of raising me in my own eyes!” “Go, Ayrton,” replied the engineer, who felt sure that a refusal would have deeply wounded the former convict, now become an honest man. “I will accompany you,” said Pencroft. “You mistrust me!” said Ayrton quickly. Then more humbly,— “Alas!” “No! no!” exclaimed Harding with animation, “no, Ayrton, Pencroft does not mistrust you. You interpret his words wrongly.” “Indeed,” returned the sailor, “I only propose to accompany Ayrton as far as the islet. It may be, although it is scarcely possible, that one of these villains has landed, and in that case two men will not be too many to hinder him from giving the alarm. I will wait for Ayrton on the islet, and he shall go alone to the vessel, since he has proposed to do so.” These things agreed to, Ayrton made preparations for his departure. His plan was bold, but it might succeed, thanks to the darkness of the night. Once arrived at the vessel’s side, Ayrton, holding on to the main chains, might reconnoiter the number and perhaps overhear the intentions of the pirates. Ayrton and Pencroft, followed by their companions, descended to the beach. Ayrton undressed and rubbed himself with grease, so as to suffer less from the temperature of the water, which was still cold. He might, indeed, be obliged to remain in it for several hours. Pencroft and Neb, during this time, had gone to fetch the boat, moored a few hundred feet higher up, on the bank of the Mercy, and by the time they returned, Ayrton was ready to start. A coat was thrown over his shoulders, and the settlers all came round him to press his hand. Ayrton then shoved off with Pencroft in the boat. It was half-past ten in the evening when the two adventurers disappeared in the darkness. Their companions returned to wait at the Chimneys. The channel was easily traversed, and the boat touched the opposite shore of the islet. This was not done without precaution, for fear lest the pirates might be roaming about there. But after a careful survey, it was evident that the islet was deserted. Ayrton then, followed by Pencroft, crossed it with a rapid step, scaring the birds nestled in the holes of the rocks; then, without hesitating, he plunged into the sea, and swam noiselessly in the direction of the ship, in which a few lights had recently appeared, showing her exact situation. As to Pencroft, he crouched down in a cleft of the rock, and awaited the return of his companion. In the meanwhile, Ayrton, swimming with a vigorous stroke, glided through the sheet of water without producing the slightest ripple. His head just emerged above it and his eyes were fixed on the dark hull of the brig, from which the lights were reflected in the water. He thought only of the duty which he had promised to accomplish, and nothing of the danger which he ran, not only on board the ship, but in the sea, often frequented by sharks. The current bore him along and he rapidly receded from the shore. Half an hour afterwards, Ayrton, without having been either seen or heard, arrived at the ship and caught hold of the main-chains. He took breath, then, hoisting himself up, he managed to reach the extremity of the cutwater. There were drying several pairs of sailors’ trousers. He put on a pair. Then settling himself firmly, he listened. They were not sleeping on board the brig. On the contrary, they were talking, singing, laughing. And these were the sentences, accompanied with oaths, which principally struck Ayrton:— “Our brig is a famous acquisition.” “She sails well, and merits her name of the ‘Speedy.’” “She would show all the navy of Norfolk a clean pair of heels.” “Hurrah for her captain!” “Hurrah for Bob Harvey!” What Ayrton felt when he overheard this fragment of conversation may be understood when it is known that in this Bob Harvey he recognized one of his old Australian companions, a daring sailor, who had continued his criminal career. Bob Harvey had seized, on the shores of Norfolk Island this brig, which was loaded with arms, ammunition, utensils, and tools of all sorts, destined for one of the Sandwich Islands. All his gang had gone on board, and pirates after having been convicts, these wretches, more ferocious than the Malays themselves, scoured the Pacific, destroying vessels, and massacring their crews. The convicts spoke loudly, they recounted their deeds, drinking deeply at the same time, and this is what Ayrton gathered. The actual crew of the “Speedy” was composed solely of English prisoners, escaped from Norfolk Island. Here it may be well to explain what this island was. In 29deg 2’ south latitude, and 165deg 42’ east longitude, to the east of Australia, is found a little island, six miles in circumference, overlooked by Mount Pitt, which rises to a height of 1,100 feet above the level of the sea. This is Norfolk Island, once the seat of an establishment in which were lodged the most intractable convicts from the English penitentiaries. They numbered 500, under an iron discipline, threatened with terrible punishments, and were guarded by 150 soldiers, and 150 employed under the orders of the governor. It would be difficult to imagine a collection of greater ruffians. Sometimes,—although very rarely,—notwithstanding the extreme surveillance of which they were the object, many managed to escape, and seizing vessels which they surprised, they infested the Polynesian Archipelagoes. Thus had Bob Harvey and his companions done. Thus had Ayrton formerly wished to do. Bob Harvey had seized the brig “Speedy,” anchored in sight of Norfolk Island; the crew had been massacred; and for a year this ship had scoured the Pacific, under the command of Harvey, now a pirate, and well known to Ayrton! The convicts were, for the most part, assembled under the poop; but a few, stretched on the deck, were talking loudly. The conversation still continued amid shouts and libations. Ayrton learned that chance alone had brought the “Speedy” in sight of Lincoln Island; Bob Harvey had never yet set foot on it; but, as Cyrus Harding had conjectured, finding this unknown land in his course, its position being marked on no chart, he had formed the project of visiting it, and, if he found it suitable, of making it the brig’s headquarters. As to the black flag hoisted at the “Speedy’s” peak, and the gun which had been fired, in imitation of men-of-war when they lower their colors, it was pure piratical bravado. It was in no way a signal, and no communication yet existed between the convicts and Lincoln Island. The settlers’ domain was now menaced with terrible danger. Evidently the island, with its water, its harbor, its resources of all kinds so increased in value by the colonists, and the concealment afforded by Granite House, could not but be convenient for the convicts; in their hands it would become an excellent place of refuge, and, being unknown, it would assure them, for a long time perhaps, impunity and security. Evidently, also, the lives of the settlers would not be respected, and Bob Harvey and his accomplices’ first care would be to massacre them without mercy. Harding and his companions had, therefore, not even the choice of flying and hiding themselves in the island, since the convicts intended to reside there, and since, in the event of the “Speedy” departing on an expedition, it was probable that some of the crew would remain on shore, so as to settle themselves there. Therefore, it would be necessary to fight, to destroy every one of these scoundrels, unworthy of pity, and against whom any means would be right. So thought Ayrton, and he well knew that Cyrus Harding would be of his way of thinking. But was resistance and, in the last place, victory possible? That would depend on the equipment of the brig, and the number of men which she carried. This Ayrton resolved to learn at any cost, and as an hour after his arrival the vociferations had begun to die away, and as a large number of the convicts were already buried in a drunken sleep, Ayrton did not hesitate to venture onto the “Speedy’s” deck, which the extinguished lanterns now left in total darkness. He hoisted himself onto the cutwater, and by the bowsprit arrived at the forecastle. Then, gliding among the convicts stretched here and there, he made the round of the ship, and found that the “Speedy” carried four guns, which would throw shot of from eight to ten pounds in weight. He found also, on touching them that these guns were breech-loaders. They were therefore, of modern make, easily used, and of terrible effect. As to the men lying on the deck, they were about ten in number, but it was to be supposed that more were sleeping down below. Besides, by listening to them, Ayrton had understood that there were fifty on board. That was a large number for the six settlers of Lincoln Island to contend with! But now, thanks to Ayrton’s devotion, Cyrus Harding would not be surprised, he would know the strength of his adversaries, and would make his arrangements accordingly. There was nothing more for Ayrton to do but to return, and render to his companions an account of the mission with which he had charged himself, and he prepared to regain the bows of the brig, so that he might let himself down into the water. But to this man, whose wish was, as he had said, to do more than his duty, there came an heroic thought. This was to sacrifice his own life, but save the island and the colonists. Cyrus Harding evidently could not resist fifty ruffians, all well armed, who, either by penetrating by main force into Granite House, or by starving out the besieged, could obtain from them what they wanted. And then he thought of his preservers—those who had made him again a man, and an honest mm, those to whom he owed all—murdered without pity, their works destroyed, their island turned into a pirates’ den! He said to himself that he, Ayrton, was the principal cause of so many disasters, since his old companion, Bob Harvey, had but realized his own plans, and a feeling of horror took possession of him. Then he was seized with an irresistible desire to blow up the brig and with her, all whom she had on board. He would perish in the explosion, but he would have done his duty. Ayrton did not hesitate. To reach the powder-room, which is always situated in the after-part of a vessel, was easy. There would be no want of powder in a vessel which followed such a trade, and a spark would be enough to destroy it in an instant. Ayrton stole carefully along the between-decks, strewn with numerous sleepers, overcome more by drunkenness than sleep. A lantern was lighted at the foot of the mainmast, round which was hung a gun-rack, furnished with weapons of all sorts. Ayrton took a revolver from the rack, and assured himself that it was loaded and primed. Nothing more was needed to accomplish the work of destruction. He then glided towards the stern, so as to arrive under the brig’s poop at the powder-magazine. It was difficult to proceed along the dimly lighted deck without stumbling over some half-sleeping convict, who retorted by oaths and kicks. Ayrton was, therefore, more than once obliged to halt. But at last he arrived at the partition dividing the aftercabin, and found the door opening into the magazine itself. Ayrton, compelled to force it open, set to work. It was a difficult operation to perform without noise, for he had to break a padlock. But under his vigorous hand, the padlock broke, and the door was open. At that moment a hand was laid on Ayrton’s shoulder. “What are you doing here?” asked a tall man, in a harsh voice, who, standing in the shadow, quickly threw the light of a lantern in Ayrton’s face. Ayrton drew back. In the rapid flash of the lantern, he had recognized his former accomplice, Bob Harvey, who could not have known him, as he must have thought Ayrton long since dead. “What are you doing here?” again said Bob Harvey, seizing Ayrton by the waistband. But Ayrton, without replying, wrenched himself from his grasp and attempted to rush into the magazine. A shot fired into the midst of the powder-casks, and all would be over! “Help, lads!” shouted Bob Harvey. At his shout two or three pirates awoke, jumped up, and, rushing on Ayrton, endeavored to throw him down. He soon extricated himself from their grasp. He fired his revolver, and two of the convicts fell, but a blow from a knife which he could not ward off made a gash in his shoulder. Ayrton perceived that he could no longer hope to carry out his project. Bob Harvey had reclosed the door of the powder-magazine, and a movement on the deck indicated a general awakening of the pirates. Ayrton must reserve himself to fight at the side of Cyrus Harding. There was nothing for him but flight! But was flight still possible? It was doubtful, yet Ayrton resolved to dare everything in order to rejoin his companions. Four barrels of the revolver were still undischarged. Two were fired—one, aimed at Bob Harvey, did not wound him, or at any rate only slightly, and Ayrton, profiting by the momentary retreat of his adversaries, rushed towards the companion-ladder to gain the deck. Passing before the lantern, he smashed it with a blow from the butt of his revolver. A profound darkness ensued, which favored his flight. Two or three pirates, awakened by the noise, were descending the ladder at the same moment. A fifth shot from Ayrton laid one low, and the others drew back, not understanding what was going on. Ayrton was on deck in two bounds, and three seconds later, having discharged his last barrel in the face of a pirate who was about to seize him by the throat, he leaped over the bulwarks into the sea. Ayrton had not made six strokes before shots were splashing around him like hail. What were Pencroft’s feelings, sheltered under a rock on the islet! What were those of Harding, the reporter, Herbert, and Neb, crouched in the Chimneys, when they heard the reports on board the brig! They rushed out on to the beach, and, their guns shouldered, they stood ready to repel any attack. They had no doubt about it themselves! Ayrton, surprised by the pirates, had been murdered, and, perhaps, the wretches would profit by the night to make a descent on the island! Half an hour was passed in terrible anxiety. The firing had ceased, and yet neither Ayrton nor Pencroft had reappeared. Was the islet invaded? Ought they not to fly to the help of Ayrton and Pencroft? But how? The tide being high at that time, rendered the channel impassable. The boat was not there! We may imagine the horrible anxiety which took possession of Harding and his companions! At last, towards half-past twelve, a boat, carrying two men, touched the beach. It was Ayrton, slightly wounded in the shoulder, and Pencroft, safe and sound, whom their friends received with open arms. All immediately took refuge in the Chimneys. There Ayrton recounted all that had passed, even to his plan for blowing up the brig, which he had attempted to put into execution. All hands were extended to Ayrton, who did not conceal from them that their situation was serious. The pirates had been alarmed. They knew that Lincoln Island was inhabited. They would land upon it in numbers and well armed. They would respect nothing. Should the settlers fall into their hands, they must expect no mercy! “Well, we shall know how to die!” said the reporter. “Let us go in and watch,” answered the engineer. “Have we any chance of escape, captain?” asked the sailor. “Yes, Pencroft.” “Hum! six against fifty!” “Yes! six! without counting—” “Who?” asked Pencroft. Cyrus did not reply, but pointed upwards. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1998). The Mysterious Island. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1268/1268-h/1268-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

There was no longer any doubt as to the pirates’ intentions

$14 billion. That’s the estimated value of the ransomware industry—a community of threat actors and networks who target vulnerable businesses for monetary gain. And although the ransomware industry has experienced a significant since 2022, it remains a credible threat to any organization's revenue, stability and even long term existence. revenue drop In this article, I’ll explain how ransomware works, the average ransom payment and other hidden costs that companies incur post-attack. What Is Ransomware? Ransomware is a portmanteau of two words that you may already know—ransom + malware. It is a type of malware that encrypts victims’ files or accounts to deny them access until a ransom is paid. Looking back at the most prominent ransomware incidents of the last decade, you’ll find that corporations (not individuals), are the most likely targets of ransomware attacks. The rationale behind this is that such organizations have plenty of money to spare, and a lot to lose if their digital assets---i,e., company files, customer data, financial records and accounts--- are compromised. Let’s discuss how ransomware penetrates a network and what happens afterward. How Ransomware Works Ransomware penetrates devices and networks through phishing attacks, unsafe installations, compromised wireless networks or Remote Desk Protocol (RDP). RDP allows hackers to access and compromise computers remotely and execute malicious code. Typically, when a ransomware infects a system, the victim(s) may find a —often called a ransom note—on their system, detailing how to supply the ransom and recover the encrypted files. .txt/.html file Attackers typically receive ransom in the form of digital currencies such as cryptocurrencies, gift cards and vouchers, to protect their anonymity. Because the aforementioned financial platforms are mostly independent of credit card or personal records, tracing and prosecuting the hackers behind the attack is quite difficult. Another downside of ransomware attacks is that paying the ransom is a gamble. There’s no guarantee that you’ll recover your files even after processing the payment. Types Of Ransomware According to , there are three standard categories of ransomware namely; locker ransomware, crypto-ransomware and scareware. Simplilearn Locker ransomware Locker ransomware, as the name implies, ‘locks’ the victim out of their system. It completely takes over their screen and prevents them  from using any—even the most basic computer functions until the requested ransom is remitted. This type of ransomware can halt operations within an organization because access to computers and by extension, files, is completely restricted. Crypto-ransomware Crypto-ransomware encrypts valuable files stored locally on a computer or mobile device. It’s nearly impossible to find the decryption key for this malware unless the malware variant is old and its key is already available on the internet. Scareware This type of ransomware uses scare tactics to induce you into paying a ransom under the guise of paying for an antivirus solution. I’ll explain. Scareware is fake software that claims to have detected a virus on your computer and when you click on the pop-up message, directs you to a page, where you’ll make payment in exchange for the virus being eliminated. Some scareware function as lockerware, completely disabling your standard computer functions. Others never do any damage to your files but instead, flood your screen with pop-up alerts that may be difficult to get rid of. Breakdown of Costs Incurred Due to A Ransomware Attacks On An Organization In 2023 and the years prior, the true cost of ransomware attacks is far more than meeting the hackers’ financial demands. When a company’s digital assets are held hostage by a threat actor, it triggers an expensive chain of events that may eventually lead to a company’s demise. Here is the breakdown of the factors that make ransomware attacks even more costly than the ransom itself. To decrypt a victim’s files or devices, cybercriminals demand sums ranging from tens of thousands of dollars to a few millions. The ransom size may be directly influenced by your company’s size and worth as known to the public. recent Cost of a Data Breach report revealed that the average ransom payment is about $812,360.  Considering all other factors such as downtime, assets lost and crisis management, the ransom payment may form the smallest fraction of the overall cost incurred from a ransomware attack. The Ransom Payment: IBM’s According to top managed service providers, downtime and recovery post-attack may cost nearly 50 times more than the ransom itself. What then makes up this added cost? IBM’s report attributes it to lost business—due to crippled operations—, notification (of customers and shareholders), escalation and post-breach response. In February, Dole Food Company, a leading supplier of fresh fruit and vegetables in North America announced that it had been subject to a ransomware attack and consequently, would halt operations within the region. During a quarterly conference call, the CEO Rory Byrne allegedly announced that the food giant incurred costs north of $5 million from the attack. That’s a classic example of how malware attacks cripple businesses and cause them to lose funds in a bid to recover and bolster their security infrastructure. Downtime and Recovery: Studies have shown that although over half of ransomware victims pay the ransom, only  4% ever retrieve all their data intact. The rest either regain a fraction of it or nothing at all. Data stolen from these attacks are usually resold on the dark web as entry-points for a new series of cybercrimes. Note that a company’s digital assets including manuscripts, photos, financial records, SaaS accounts, etc, directly contribute to organizational productivity. And considering the fortune spent in creating, acquiring and organizing those assets, restarting the entire cycle can further stretch an already thin budget. Loss of Digital Assets: When a ransomware attack hits, the company is required to alert stakeholders of the incident and extent of damage done. Admitting to being attacked by ransomware may inspire two reactions. Appreciation from customers for the swift notification and distrust from investors. If a publicly traded company admits to losing control of their network to hackers, the company’s reputation and consequently, may plummet.  If customers can’t trust you to keep their data safe, why should they remain in business with you?’ Although the dent on your company's reputation is reversible overtime, most don’t recover. In fact, shut down within six months following a cyber attack. Companies like Code Spaces, Travelex and the Heritage Company are just a few examples of companies that went out of business following cyberattacks. Loss of Credibility: stock prices 60%of companies Ransomware attacks can result in exposure of customer data and failure to honor terms of service. Such occurrences give aggrieved parties legal grounds to sue the hacked company for contractual and compliance violations. As such, additional expenses are incurred to hire legal counsel, pay required fines and fund out-of-court- settlements. Moreover, prohibits ransom payments to any sanctioned individual or jurisdiction including North Korea, Iran, Syria, Cuba and the Crimean Peninsula. Based on its strict liability principle, the OFAC will also penalize ransom-payers even if they were unaware of the hackers’ sanctioned status. Legal Costs: OFAC's new advisory To Pay The Ransom Or Not? Almost every well-meaning body, from law enforcement agencies to frowns on paying cybercriminals. The reason is quite simple. Ransom payment encourages cybercriminals to target more victims. security experts From a business perspective however, pragmatism is key. First, identify what kind of malware you’re dealing with. Cybercriminals may deploy scareware—which doesn’t encrypt any data at all—to trick victims into paying or downloading dangerous software. Then, conduct a cost-benefit analysis. Consider the pros and cons of paying the ransom—i.e., the costs (financial and otherwise) of decrypting the files independently vs paying the hackers. Compliance violations, legal expenses and remediation costs should be top of mind when deciding to pay the ransom. Note that once you’ve paid the initial ransom, data recovery is not guaranteed and you can be targeted again. However, some cybercriminals prefer to cut ‘clean deals’ because their reputation is crucial to the ransomware business model. Security technologist Gary Sockrider estimates that of the time, hackers decrypt the systems post-ransom. 65-70% Preventive Measures Against Ransomware Attacks I’ll kick this off by mentioning that it’s impossible to be 100% safe from malware attacks. As your security architecture gets tighter, hackers gain even more sophisticated skills to bypass the framework. However, implementing some preventive measures can reduce your chances of suffering ransomware attacks.  Below are some low-cost measures to prevent cyberattacks. Backing up files onto a cloud environment is great, but cloud storage can also be affected by ransomware due to the file synchronization process that occurs between your local and cloud storage. Having a backup on a separate flash drive enables you to continue business operations on entirely different networks, with little downtime, whether you decide to pay the ransom or not. Backup all files: Older versions of software are often vulnerable to data breaches, because they most likely contain security loopholes that hackers may capitalize on. Companies’ way of solving such security situations is by offering regular updates, which may include security patches, fixing the previous loopholes in the older versions. True, automatic updates can be pesky and happen in the middle of work, but it works best because there’s no room for forgetfulness, unlike with manual situations where I.T teams or personnel may completely forget to update the software. It also helps that sometimes, automatic updates sometimes let you pick a time for the updates to happen. Always keep systems updated: Free antivirus software isn’t a good option, unless it’s for personal devices. You need one that can meet your personal or organization’s security needs effectively. When picking out antivirus software, look out for features like cost, OS compatibility, automatic updates, technical support, user-friendliness, real-time scanning and protection, and most importantly anti-ransomware capabilities.Some popular software plans  that offer anti-ransomware functions include Bitdefender Antivirus plus,  Kaspersky Total Security Premium, and Norton 360 Antivirus. Install Antivirus Software: Safe Surfing: Adopting safe browsing practices can reduce the likelihood of malware penetration. When surfing the web, verify the website’s security level before installing files or sharing any details with it. Usually, your computer will alert  you if you’re visiting an unsafe website. However, one sign you should look out for is a padlock icon right next to the site link as highlighted in the image below. The padlock icon symbolizes the presence of the HTTPS protocol which ensures secure communication over a network and across the internet. In summary… The implications of ransomware attacks extend far more than the ransom payment. When data breaches occur, sensitive records can be exposed or compromised. This in turn results in legal battles, marred reputation and lost wages. However, the situation can be salvaged if there's a solid incident response team on call. While they strive to neutralize the threat, security analysts can explore other options like nomoreransom.org. The No More Ransom Project offers a repository of decryption keys and tools for various ransomware variants. It’s an affordable way to recover encrypted data without paying the hackers.

The True Cost of Ransomware Attacks in 2023

POPULAR ADMIRATION FOR GREAT THIEVES

Let's learn about via these 45 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Web Security /Learn Repo 1. Top Bug Bounty Programmes You Can Participate in Today A curated list of bug bounty programs for bug bounty hunters to help them get first bug bounty on vulnerability report. 2. What is Broken Access Control and Why Should You Care? With broken access control being one of the most prevalent weaknesses for web applications, it’s important to not only understand it, but to prevent it also. 3. How Can VPNs Protect You From Spying? What programs can safeguard your computer from malware? In today’s article, we will take a look at VPNs and what it can do to protect you from spying. 4. Browser Hijacking Software on CNN Election Site is Reason for Concern An ad redirecting users to browser hijacking software was recently spotted on CNN's election tracking site. Ahead of election season, it's reason for concern 5. How Nonprofits can Protect Themselves Against Getting Hacked Hacking is a serious problem for nonprofits. When a hacker attacks, it's not just the nonprofit's information that they want, but donors' information 6. 9 Essential Factors to Consider Before You Install A Security System In the US, a burglary happens every 23 seconds on average. This number is even higher in developing countries. 7. Common Web Security Vulnerabilities In the movies, hacking is like fast keyboard typing and hitting the Enter but in the real world, hackers find and exploit vulnerabilities to hack websites. 8. What is Runtime Application Self-Protection What is Runtime Application Self-Protection? Know how RASP is capable of controlling app execution, detecting & preventing real-time attacks. 9. Organizing Your Business Statistics to Achieve Success It is not an easy task to keep your business data organized; however, it is an important thing to do. Organizing data includes a lot more than putting all your papers in place and clearing the clutter on your desk. To have your statistics well organized, you have to create a system and procedures for every department available in your company. The following are top ideas o0n how you can get your small business statistics that can help in increasing the productivity of the business. 10. How To Enhance Website Security Enhancing security for a website can save it from hackers and online attackers. Read this article about website security to learn more. 11. Personal Online Security: How to Stay Safe Online Every individual or organization must be mindful of securing their online data. Online security is essential for better online data privacy and security. 12. Domain Fronting 101: What is Domain Fronting and How Does it Work? Domain fronting is one technique that hackers use to bypass internet censorship. This method is used to access restricted sites that would typically be blocked. 13. Feature/Permission Policies Overview It's already challenging enough to create a website that is blazing fast, adheres to all the latest best practices and offers optimal experience for various network conditions and device types. As the website and its codebase evolves over time, it can become even harder to maintain the desired user experience over time. To prevent UX deterioration, it’s often a good idea to place guardrails which ensure that crucial website elements, such as images, hold to a certain criteria. In this article, we are going to look at a robust mechanism which helps to steer your website in the right direction - an HTTP header called Feature Policies. 14. Web Application Penetration Testing: A Complete Guide Your website can be the next ‘target’ if you don’t take the necessary steps to secure it. One of the most appropriate step is to conduct a penetration testing. 15. The Essential Guide to Email Security: Threats, Costs, and Strategies We all use email on a regular basis, but we aren’t always cognizant of the email security standards we use. If a hacker gains access to your account, or manages to fool you into downloading an attachment with malware via email, it could have devastating consequences for your business. 16. Web Application Security Explained: Why Is It Important and What Does It Include? Web application security refers to securing sites and online services against different security threats that abuse vulnerabilities in an application’s code. 17. Fraudulent Ads Exploit COVID-19 Fears on Disney's ESPN.Com Scam advertisements across major media outlets originate from DoubleClick and Xandr/AppNexus 18. Using a Passive Vulnerability Scan To Identify Website Security Risks A passive vulnerability scan is a type of security scan in which the scanner sends no unusual requests to the server. It is like a visitor browsing the site. 19. Are you using JWTs for user sessions in the correct way? JSON Web Tokens have become incredibly popular (especially in the Node.js community) and you've likely heard about them. What you may not have heard is that JWTs were originally designed for use in OAuth - which is fundamentally different to user sessions. 20. Security & Agile Development - How to Bridge the Gap in 2022 21. 5 Popular Types of Penetration Testing for SaaS Businesses If you are running a SaaS business, you know that security is everything. Nowadays, we can see many different cyberattacks and their variants targeting SaaS. 22. Understanding & Recognizing Different Cyber Threats: What to Look Out For This article will dive into understanding & recognizing some cyber threats. It will not cover every example for each attack or every attack. 23. To All My Friends: Don’t Be An Idiot or Passive With Your Online Privacy Complacency with privacy invasion has become our 6th sense. Handing over the intimate details of our lives to corporate and government stooges has become a virtue and civic duty. It should come as no surprise that, even for a society dripping with tech-savviness, the average person would rather their government act than to take action themselves. According to Pew Research: 24. Security in the language of crypto exchange: providing traders with peace of mind Security issues of crypto exchanges and shared my thoughts on how to make trading convenient and safe - Viktor Kochetov, CEO at Kyrrex, a digital wallet and professional cryptocurrency trading. 25. What is an HTTP Proxy and How Does it Work for Your Goals What is an HTTP proxy? It is a good way to get information on the Internet while maintaining your privacy. Read my article to get more insights about HTTP proxy 26. Your Guide To AWS Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) Metadata is “data that provides information about other data” (Wikipedia). In other words, Metadata is “data about data”. 27. Your Website Could be Vulnerable Because of These 7 PHP Mistakes Make these mistakes and hackers will attack your web application using Cross Site Scripting, SQL Injection, Path Traversal, and other attacks to take over your website. 28. Top 7 Techniques For The Ideal Secure Code Review Considering today's cyber threat landscape, it is undeniable to say that the internet-facing applications are at major risk due to rapid increase in vulnerability exploits and ways to penetrate applications leveraging the hidden weaknesses in them. 29. OAuth Vulnerabilities: How To Implement Secure Authorization in Your Web Application In this article, we will go through the most common security vulnerabilities encountered in applications that use the OAuth protocol. 30. 5 Effective Strategies To Identify Phishing Sites How to recognize phishing? Research studies show that users of different levels have a hard time figuring out if a website is real or fake. And how about you? 31. 10 security tips for frontend developers Web security is a topic that is often overlooked by frontend developers. When we assess the quality of the website, we often look at metrics like performance, SEO-friendliness, and accessibility, while the website’s capacity to withstand malicious attacks often falls under the radar. And even though the sensitive user data is stored server-side and significant measures must be taken by backend developers to protect the servers, in the end, the responsibility for securing that data is shared between both backend and frontend. While sensitive data may be safely locked in a backend warehouse, the frontend holds the keys to its front door, and stealing them is often the easiest way to gain access. 32. Pre-Deployment Checklist: Django Web Security You already know web security is important to keeping hackers and cyber-thieves from accessing sensitive information. So, in this post we are going to check Django security vulnerabilities and how to fix them. 33. Automation Tools Like ACME Help Prevent Disruptions During Uncertain Times Web certificates are a foundational element of website security, enabling organizations to verify that the web address in question really does belong to them, as well as to keep users secure by encrypting their information. These certificates have become ubiquitous, and most savvy web users now know to look for the telltale indicators of a valid web certificate, which may include a closed padlock or green address bar, depending on the browser used. 34. Where Do Hackers Live: A Deep Dive into My Website's Security Logs I was casually doing a security audit on my blog recently and decided to look a little deeper into my security logs. With a bit of Linux command line kung fu, some Golang, and Google sheets, I was able to get a pretty good idea of where the attacks are coming from. 35. On Making The Internet A Safer Space: Inti De Ceukelaire, Head Of Hackers At Intigriti Intigriti co-founder, Inti De Ceukelaire, shares their origin story, what makes him excited about his job, and the technology he is currently excited about. 36. How to Set Up Portable VirtualBox With Kali Linux This a short tutorial on setting up Portable Virtualbox with Kali Linux. 37. Uncover Some of the Best Practices For Secret Management Secrets are digital credentials used for authentication and authorization. 38. How to Run Reverse Shell for Hacking in Linux A reverse shell is a hacking vulnerability that the hacker executes .php codes or an executable file in which he gets access to the shell of the target system. 39. Software Security Primer As a developer, when you think of security, what comes to mind? Is it clear what are different aspects that need to be handled to make a software secure? And why you need to do that? 40. Automate GraphQL Backed Applications' Security Testing Working with the latest tech is fun. It’s fresh and exciting. As developers we
feel invigorated by being on the bleeding edge. Consider us thrill
seekers. 41. SQL Injections: Beginners Guide The basics of how to test and protect your application 42. How We Pay For Free Websites With Our Privacy An array of free website-building tools, many offered by ad-tech and ad-funded companies, has led to a dizzying number of trackers loading on users’ browsers. 43. The Story Behind The Most Popular Android Malware Distributor on Dark Web Now more than ever, we rely on our smartphones to keep in touch with our work, our families and the world around us. There are over 3.5 billion smartphone users 44. Leverage Asterisk Servers for Monetization: An INJ3CTOR3 Operation Recently, Check Point Research encountered a series of worldwide attacks relevant to VoIP, specifically to Session initiation Protocol (SIP) servers 45. Hunting Exploits by looking for the Author’s fingerprints: Graphology of an Exploit When analyzing a complicated attack against one of our customers, we noticed a very small 64-bit executable that was executed by the malware. Thank you for checking out the 45 most read stories about Web Security on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

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