Open Fabric

openfabric

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . IRIDESCENT CRYSTALS here IRIDESCENT CRYSTALS. By Lord Rayleigh. The principal subject of the lecture is the peculiar colored reflection observed in certain specimens of chlorate of potash. Reflection implies a high degree of discontinuity. In some cases, as in decomposed glass, and probably in opals, the discontinuity is due to the interposition of layers of air; but, as was proved by Stokes, in the case of chlorate crystals the discontinuity is that known as twinning. The seat of the color is a very thin layer in the interior of the crystal and parallel to its faces. The following laws were discovered by Stokes: (1) If one of the crystalline plates be turned round in its own plane, without alteration of the angle of incidence, the peculiar reflection vanishes twice in a revolution, viz., when the plane of incidence coincides with the plane of symmetry of the crystal. [Shown.] (2) As the angle of incidence is increased, the reflected light becomes brighter and rises in refrangibility. [Shown.] (3) The colors are not due to absorption, the transmitted light being strictly complementary to the reflected. (4) The colored light is not polarized. It is produced indifferently, whether the incident light be common light or light polarized in any plane, and is seen whether the reflected light be viewed directly or through a Nicol's prism turned in any way. [Shown.] (5) The spectrum of the reflected light is frequently found to consist almost entirely of a comparatively narrow band. When the angle of incidence is increased, the band moves in the direction of increasing refrangibility, and at the same time increases rapidly in width. In many cases the reflection appears to be almost total. Fig. 1 general scheme In order to project these phenomena a crystal is prepared by cementing a smooth face to a strip of glass whose sides are not quite parallel. The white reflection from the anterior face of the glass can then be separated from the real subject of the experiment. A very remarkable feature in the reflected light remains to be noticed. If the angle of incidence be small, and if the incident light be polarized in or perpendicularly to the plane of incidence, the reflected light is polarized in the manner. [Shown.] opposite Similar phenomena, except that the reflection is white, are exhibited by crystals prepared in a manner described by Madan. If the crystal be heated beyond a certain point the peculiar reflection disappears, but returns upon cooling. [Shown.] In all these cases there can be little doubt that the reflection takes place at twin surfaces, the theory of such reflection ( , Sept., 1888) reproducing with remarkable exactness most of the features above described. In order to explain the vigor and purity of the color reflected in certain crystals, it is necessary to suppose that there are a considerable number of twin surfaces disposed at approximate equal intervals. At each angle of incidence there would be a particular wave length for which the phases of the several reflections are in agreement. The selection of light of a particular wave length would thus take place upon the same principle as in diffraction spectra, and might reach a high degree of perfection. Phil. Mag. In illustration of this explanation an acoustical analogue is exhibited. The successive twin planes are imitated by parallel and equidistant disks of muslin (Figs. 1 and 2) stretched upon brass rings and mounted (with the aid of three lazy-tongs arrangements) so that there is but one degree of freedom to move, and that of such a character as to vary the interval between the disks without disturbing their equidistance and parallelism. The source of sound is a bird call, giving a pure tone of high pitch (inaudible), and the percipient is a high-pressure flame issuing from a burner so oriented that the direct waves are without influence upon the flame (see , xxxviii., 208; Proc. Roy. Inst., January, 1888). But the waves reflected from the muslin arrive in the effective direction, and if of sufficient intensity induce flaring. The experiment consists in showing that the action depends upon the distance between the disks. If the distance be such that the waves reflected from the several disks co-operate, the flame flares, but for intermediate adjustments recovers its equilibrium. For full success it is necessary that the reflective power of a single disk be neither too great nor too small. A somewhat open fabric appears suitable. Nature 2 It was shown by Brewster that certain natural specimens of Iceland spar are traversed by thin twin strata. A convergent beam, reflected at a nearly grazing incidence from the twin planes, depicts upon the screen an arc of light, which is interrupted by a dark spot corresponding to the plane of symmetry. [Shown.] A similar experiment may be made with small rhombs in which twin layers have been developed by mechanical force after the manner of Reusch. The light reflected from fiery opals has been shown by Crookes to possess in many cases a high degree of purity, rivaling in this respect the reflection from chlorate of potash. The explanation is to be sought in a periodic stratified structure. But the other features differ widely in the two cases. There is here no semicircular evanescence, as the specimen is rotated in azimuth. On the contrary, the colored light transmitted perpendicularly through a thin plate of opal undergoes no change when the gem is turned round in its own plane. This appears to prove that the alternate states are not related to one another as twin crystals. More probably the alternate strata are of air, as in decomposed glass. The brilliancy of opals is said to be readily affected by atmospheric conditions. Abstract of the Friday evening lecture delivered by Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S., at the Royal Institution, on April 12, 1889. If the reflection were perpendicular, the interval between successive disks would be equal to the half wave-length, or to some multiple of this. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

IRIDESCENT CRYSTALS

is a blockchain platform that seeks to bring scalability and security. Its mainnet runs Ethereum applications, allowing users experience a two-second transaction finality. $ONE is its native token. Harmony has been fronted as the go-to platform for collectibles, assets, governance, and identity. It also comes with secure bridges that make it easy to process cross-chain asset transfers with Binance, Ethereum, and several other chains. Harmony Harmony supports both promising and existing projects from various startups. Products that fall under the following categories can apply for : Harmony Ecosystem Fund/Grants . A project running on the Ethereum main net, a project running on xDAI/ Polygon, or a full prototype on Harmony testnet. Those that have a working product . Those who intend to convert 10,000+ users to the blockchain, are coding a demo in the next six weeks, and want to recruit developers to build. Those that have a promising idea . Coders of mobile/web/backends, those that enjoy drawing/making videos/writing, and those that enjoy giving product feedback. Those that want to learn and help Harmony approved 21 proposals to be part of its $300M Ecosystem Fund in January 2022. Let us go through each project based on various categories: DeFi Ethereum Push Notification Service (EPNS) (@epnsproject) EPNS is a decentralized Web 3 protocol for blockchain-based communication and for notifications that are platform-independent, chain agnostic, and incentivized. This protocol allows any dApp, backend, or smart contract to send off-chain or on-chain notifications tied to wallet addresses. AnChain.AI (@anchainai) AnChain is known as the “Guardian of the Digital Asset Class.” Its protocol was designed from scratch to become the leading smart contract analytics and data platform. The protocol has different features such as machine learning-based risk profiling and wallet behavior, AI-powered auto-tracing, and smart contract auditing. Perpetual Protocol (@perpprotocol) Perpetual Protocol is a platform that lets users trade a wide range of assets. With this DEX, users can trade futures to decide to go long or short on xDai and Ethereum with up to 10x leverage. Trading is non-custodial, which means that traders retain possession of their assets. Unite Finance (@ finance_unite) Unite Finance is the first algorithmic stablecoin to be created on the Harmony Mainnet. It is pegged at 1 $ONE via seigniorage. Various underlying mechanisms ensure a peg of ONE:UNITE is achieved. Once this is achieved, it is maintained, and then $UNITE mirrored as a liquid asset to $ONE. Openfabric AI (@openfabricai) Openfabric AI is a decentralized AI platform. Through it, data providers, AI innovators, infrastructure providers, and businesses will collaborate and facilitate the creation and use of new intelligent services and algorithms. DEXSWAP Project This AMM is a decentralized protocol optimizer for various exchanges. DexSwap has many goals, including reshaping the DeFi landscape by reducing entry barriers, offering lower fees on the Harmony network, and offering multiple pools dedicated to the Harmony Protocol ecosystem. ScaleSwap (@Scaleswapio) ScaleSwap claims to be the ‘world’s first truly fair IDO launchpad.’ The protocol provides early access to investment opportunities previously reserved to a select few. Users can access the most exclusive tokens before anyone else and make the blockchain a better space. Payments Allbridge (@Allbridge_io) Allbridge is a secure, fast, and affordable way to transfer assets across various blockchains. Users can move liquidity between non-EVM (Terra, Solana), EVM (Ethereum, BSC, Polygon), and L2 blockchains. Abracadabra.Money (@MIM_Spell) Abracadabra is a protocol that enables users to provide collateral in the form of various interest-bearing crypto assets such as yvUSDC, yvUSDT, XSUSHI, and yvYFI. Users can then borrow Magic Internet Money ($MIM), a stable coin that you can swap for any traditional stable coin. Klever (@Klever_io) Klever is a crypto wallet ecosystem that serves over 2.5 million users globally. There are more than 500,000 monthly active users on the Klever App, Klever OS, and Klever Swap from over 190 countries, and it is available in 30 different languages. Trustee_Wallet (@trustee_wallet) Trustee Wallet is an anonymous, multi-currency wallet. It allows users to send and receive virtual assets with their MasterCard/VISA cards. Users don’t go through AML/KYC and don’t incur transaction fees; they only pay miners’ fees. Gaming CyberGothica (@cyber_gothica) CyberGothica is an upcoming play-to-earn MMORPG game based on the Solana blockchain. Those who hold its NFT can participate in various activities such as the arena, tournaments, or try to bet on PvP matches. Warriors in this game are displayed on a special leaderboard, and the better you play, the more valuable these characters become. Freyala (@freyalacrypto) Freyala is a low-cost and fast token created on the Harmony blockchain. $XYA is an HRC-20 token centered around integrating cryptocurrency in decentralized applications and gamified NFTs. The whole idea behind the project is to build a user-friendly means of utilizing crypto. Tower of Babel Tower of Babel is a decentralized marketing gamified platform. It comprises a network of mirror sites and a smart contract that makes it easy to build a single building, labeled the Tower of Babel. NFT DeFimons (@thedefimons) DeFimons is a play-to-earn MMORPG with a marketplace and a DEX that will launch on Harmony Protocol. Yokorobi, the game’s first town, has already been deployed. KangaFinance (@kangafinance) KangaFinance is a lending protocol, a DEX, NFT marketplace, and a yield farming engine. StoreyTheApp (@storeytheapp) This platform is a social network for fashion. The app seeks to make second-hand fashion inventory transparent and circular. The platform also has a Storey Token & NFT digitization. NiftyRow (@niftyrow) NiftyRow is an NFT marketplace for African arts. The marketplace supports both visual & audio arts, including contemporary digital and fine arts. BlockPerksNFT (@blockperksnft) BlockPerksNFT is a unique marketplace with various features such as branded/personalized social tokens, token gated communities, exclusive NFT drops, and metaverse applications. SlothFi (@slothfi) SlothFi is a protocol that seeks to bring an entire ecosystem of dApps to Harmony Blockchain. These apps include the $SLOTH token, Lazybones app, and Avocado NFT Marketplace to find rising projects. Envelop Project (@envelop_project) Envelop Project is a flexible cross-chain toolset that can give any NFT new functionality, comes with an anti-fraud system, and protects it from devaluation. Wrapping Up Since Harmony was founded in 2018, it has supported different projects on various fronts. With these approved proposals in 2022, we expect to see a diverse range of blockchain products that will advance this space. We can only wait and see how these products will compete with others from various ecosystem funds. Also Published Here

Harmony Ecosystem Fund Approved 21 New Grants in January

Overview Fabric is one of the Hyperledger projects hosted by the Linux Foundation. It provides a framework to develop blockchain applications. Since the release of Fabric 1.0 in this July, people are eager to build applications using Fabric to solve their business problems. However, many encounter difficulties in deploying and managing the Fabric system due to the complexity of Fabric in configuration. To simplify the operation of Fabric, we need some tools to help us better manage the distributed system of Fabric. Kubernetes seems ideal for this purpose for several reasons. (It is interesting to note that Kubernetes is a flagship project under CNCF, which is also a Linux Foundation project.) First, Fabric’s bits are built into container images. Its chaincode (smart contract) also leverages container to run in a sandbox. The Fabric system consists of components running in multiple containers. On the other hand, Kubernetes is becoming the dominant platform to automate the deployment, scaling, and other management of containerized applications. There is a natural fit of the two. Second, Fabric components can achieve high availability by deploying on Kubernetes. Kubernetes has a feature called replicator, which monitors running pods and brings up crashed ones automatically. Third, Kubernetes supports multi-tenancy. We can run multiple isolated Fabric instances on the same Kubernetes platform. This facilitates the development and testing of blockchain applications. In the following sections, we introduce a way to deploy Fabric on Kubernetes. We assume readers have basic knowledge of Fabric, Docker container and Kubernetes. Network Topology Our network topology is shown in Figure 1. The physical network is represented by blue lines. Kubernetes has one or more master and worker nodes. Besides that, we have a CMD machine as a client to issue the deployment commands. An NFS server is used as a shared file system for configuration files and other data. All these nodes are connected by a physical network (e.g. 192.168.0.1/24). Kubernetes’ network model enables all pods to connect to each other directly regardless which node they are on. By using Kubernetes’ CNI addons, such as Flannel, it’s easy to create an overlay network for this purpose. As indicated by the red lines in Figure 1 (some details of flannel components are omitted), Kubernetes connects all pods to the Flannel network, allowing containers of those pods to communicate with each other properly. The IP address range of the Flannel network, as well as the IP address of the kube_dns can be specified in the add-on configuration file. We need to make sure the IP address of kube_dns must be in the specified address range. In Figure 1, for example, the Flannel network is 10.0.0.1/16, and the kube_dns address is 10.0.0.10. Figure 1 Mapping Fabric Components to Kubernetes Pods Figure 2 Fabric is a distributed system which contains multiple nodes. The nodes could belong to different entities. As shown in Figure 2, each organization has its own set of nodes (For simplicity, not all nodes are shown). There is also a public consensus service formed by Orderers. To deploy Fabric onto Kubernetes, we need to convert all components into pods for deployment and use namespace to segregate organizations. In Kubernetes, namespace is an important concept. It is used to divide cluster resources between multiple users. In the case of Fabric, organizations can be mapped into namespaces so that they have their dedicated resource. After this mapping, peers of each organization can be distinguished by domain name. Furthermore, we could isolate different organizations by setting network policy (not covered in this blog). As shown in Figure 2, suppose there are N peer organizations and M orderer organizations in the Fabric network. Here’s how we divide them on Kubernetes: If Fabric, we assign the N-th peer organization with a name . Its corresponding namespace in Kubernetes is also called . All components of Fabric will be placed into namespace in Kubernetes. There are multiple pods under each organization’s namespace. A pod is a deployment unit in Kubernetes, it consists of one or more containers. We can bundle Fabric containers of each organization into several pods. These pod types are as follows: A) orgN orgN orgN orgN including Fabric peer, couchDB (optional), representing the organization’s peer node. Each organization could have one or more peer pods. Peer Pod: Fabric CA Server node of the organization. Usually one pod is needed in an organization. CA Server Pod: (optional) Provides an environment for command-line tools to manipulate the nodes of the organization. Fabric’s peer environment variables are configured in this pod. CLI Pod: Figure 3 There could be one or more orderers in Fabric. We set the name of the M-th orderer organization to . Its corresponding namespace on Kubernetes is . It has one or more pods to run the orderer node(s). B) orgordererM orgordererM Figure 4 If Kafka is used for consensus process, we can put Kafka into a separate namespace. It is only used to run and manage Zookeeper and Kafka containers. C) Putting it altogether, the overall deployment would look like below: Figure 5 Shared storage Before we deploy Fabric, we need to prepare configuration files of its components, such as peers and orderers. This is a very complicated process and tends to be error prone. Fortunately, we created a tool to automate the generation of these configuration files. The generated files are stored in a shared file system like NFS. When we later launch the pods of Fabric, we mount different subsets of configuration files into pods so that they have configuration specific to the organization they belong to. In Kubernetes, we can mount files or directories into a pod by using Persistent Volume (PV) and Persistent Volume Claim (PVC). We create PVs and PVCs for each organization in Fabric for resource isolation. Each organization should only see its own directory in NFS server. After the creation of PV, we define PVC so that Fabric nodes can consume PV to access the corresponding directories and files. Take peer organization org1 as an example. At first, we create a namespace org1 and its PV. The PV is mapped to the directory on NFS. Secondly, we create a PVC to consume the PV. All pods under the namespace org1 use the same PVC. However, we only map necessary files into each pod by specifying the mounting path in the pod configuration file. /opt/share/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1 Figure 6 shows the relationship between pods and their shared directory of NFS. Variable $PVC represents the PVC mount point, which is in this example. /opt/share/crypto-config/peerOrganizations/org1 Figure 6 Communication between Fabric components When all Fabric’s components are placed into Kubernetes’ pods, we need to consider the network connectivity between these pods. Each pod in Kubernetes has an internal IP address, but it is hard to use IP and port to communicate between pods because the IP address is ephemeral to the pod. When the pod gets restarted, its IP address gets changed too. Therefore, it is necessary to create services in Kubernetes for pods so that they can talk to each other through service name. The naming of a service should follow the principles to show the pod information that it binds to: The namespace of the service and the pod should be consistent. The name of the service should be consistent with the id of the container within the pod. 1) 2) Fabric’s peer0 of organization org1, for example, is mapped to a pod named peer0 under namespace org1. The service binding to it should be named peer0.org1, where peer0 is the name of the service and org1 is the namespace of the service. Other pods can connect to the peer0 of org1 by service name peer0.org1, which appears as peer0’s hostname. Work around the chaincode sandbox When a peer in Fabric instantiates a chaincode, it creates a Docker container in which the chaincode runs. The Docker API endpoint it invokes to create the container is unix:///var/run/docker.sock . This mechanism works well as long as the peer container and the chaincode container are managed by the same Docker engine. However, in Kubernetes, the chaincode container is created by the peer without notifying Kubernetes. Hence the chaincode and peer containers cannot connect to each other which results in failure when instantiating the chaincode. To work around this problem, we need to add the Kube_dns IP address in each worker node’s Docker engine. This ensures the chaincode container can resolve the peer’s hostname(service name) correctly by using the Kube_dns service. To do that, add in the below option in Docker engine’s configuration file, which is usually in Ubuntu 14.04. You may need to create this file if it does not exist. Please note, in latest version of Docker and some Linux Distro, the way to set docker daemon option may vary. Refer to Docker’s document for more details. /etc/default/docker In the below example, 10.0.0.10 is the IP address of kube_dns pod. Replace it with the right value in your environment. DOCKER_OPTS= Up to now, we have illustrated the key points in deploying Fabric onto Kubernetes. In the next post, we will describe detailed steps of the deployment. For people who cannot wait, please download our Fling “ ” to get a feel of how it works. It is an automation tool that allows you to deploy Fabric on Kubernetes with minimum configuration. The Fling shows you how to deploy Kubernetes on vSphere. If you do not use vSphere, you can choose whatever underlying infrastructure for your Kubernetes instance. Just skip the steps to deploy Kubernetes on vSphere. Feel free to let us know what you think. Blockchain on Kubernetes Continued with Part 2: https://medium.com/@zhanghenry/how-to-deploy-hyperledger-fabric-on-kubernetes-2-751abf44c807 Related post: Hyperledger Fabric Deployment Using Helm Chart About the Authors: Chief Architect of VMware China R&D, founder of ( ) — an open source container registry server. Henry is a co-author of the book “ ”. He is also a contributor of . Twitter: @zhanghaining Henry Zhang: Project Harbor https://github.com/goharbor Blockchain Technical Guide Hyperledger Cello project Engineer at VMware China R&D. He holds a master degree from Guangzhou University. He is a maintainer of Hyperledger Cello project. Luke Chen:

How to Deploy Hyperledger Fabric on Kubernetes (1)

At some point in our lives, we have fantasized about having an AI assistant for ourselves which can calm one's curiosity, answer any of our questions, or do our typical boring internet stuff for us, very much like Jarvis from the Iron man movie. Recently a programmer [River] made a Linux shell that can generate proper Linux commands based on what you write and execute. Now, if this doesn’t excite you, God knows what will. This Linux shell was created in python; it can take your command in plain English and convert it into the Linux command and perform actions on it. You can also see how this Linux shell works in the video below. This Ai-powered Linux shell was created with the help of the OpenAI GPT-2 language model. For those new to the AI world - OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research laboratory co-founded by Elon Musk (which should not be surprising to anyone). OpenAI has launched a Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2), a language model that can predict the next word very accurately, and it can also translate text into programmatic Linux commands. What works with this shell? Some features of this AI-powered Linux shell are file management, creating ASCII text, sending email to someone, and other small online tasks. What doesn’t work? Although it’s fascinating to watch, just like other AI projects, it is still not perfect. It gets confused easily and sometimes fails to do complex things. For example, in response to "generate an image of three giraffes", it just created a blank image. Also, it failed to download country GDP or population data on request and failed on commands like "sort data.csv by the last column descending". And sometimes, it even makes things up, which doesn’t even exist. for example, in response to ~> download IE5dom.exe It comes up with this: <~ wget http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/4/1/3419d6e5-d0e4-4fde-b0e5-5b6a9c4d8e2d/IE5DOM.EXE which seems like a valid download link, but if you visit the link, you will get a “404 Not Found Error”, which technically means it’s a fake link. According to the programmer, This Linux shell is not perfect, and its commands may not do the right thing or may do something harmful or unwanted, like sending an email to the wrong person or deleting the wrong files. Hence it’s not ready to be used. However, those who are interested in trying this Linux shell can visit . here For now, OpenAI is not available to everyone due to its lengthy review process and pricing model. You would need an OpenAI API key, which is not free, and you would have to join the OpenAI private beta waitlist to get the key, or you can download and run a GPT-2 model offline on your computer to try it. With some improvement, it can be extremely useful for people who are new to Linux. With good speech-to-text capabilities, this could be the beginning of a usable voice assistant for Linux. Previously published at https://riveducha.onfabrica.com/openai-powered-linux-shell

Advanced Linux Shell with AI-powered Features

Hyperledger Fabric- Most Popular Hyperledger Framework A project that has poured numerous blockchain companies in a single string to develop blockchain applications together is Hyperledger! Linux Foundation started this project in 2015. It has a sole objective of encouraging open industrial blockchain development. And obviously, Hyperledger is not a company. Neither it is a cryptocurrency nor its a blockchain! If still, you are confused, look at the definition given on its website: “Hyperledger is an open source collaborative effort created to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies. It is a global collaboration, hosted by The Linux Foundation, including leaders in finance, banking, Internet of Things, supply chains, manufacturing, and Technology.” Thanks to Linux Foundation! that has created an environment where groups of software developer and companies sit together and coordinate to create amazingly powerful blockchain frameworks. Linux Foundation started this platform in December month of 2015 and announced its first founding members in February month of 2016. Just after one month of the announcement, ten new members came up and joined the platform. And presently Hyperledger has more than 100 members. Some of the members are Airbus, Dalmer, IBM, SAP, Nokia, and Samsung. Above paragraphs tell a lot on hyperledger but some of the big questions like what is Hyperledger Fabric and why is it so popular? are still unanswered. So, let’s dive into introduction first! Introducing Hyperledger Fabric Hyperledger Fabric is one of the prominent blockchain projects within Hyperledger. It has a ledger, smart contract and a system that helps them to manage their transactions. The hyperledger fabric is quite different from other blockchain systems as it is private and permissioned. It is mandatory for all the members of a hyperledger fabric network to log in with the help of a valid membership service provider. However, an open permissionless system permits unknown identities to participate in the network, which is of course not allowed for any private organization as confidential information cannot be shared publicly. What is so special about Hyperledger Fabric? It is designed in such a way so that it helps enterprises to scale their blockchain network to produce more than 1000 transactions per second. And, Fabric is basically made to permit various collaborative blockchains with varied degree of permissions. This Hyperledger Fabric Project is primarily based on a special smart contract system which is known as chaincode. And every peer operates on Docker containers. Another interesting thing about hyperledger fabric is that it allows various enterprises to make parts of the blockchain. Usually, a participant needs to register in order to join and perform transactions on a Fabric based blockchain. Moreover, Fabric has fewer nodes than a public blockchain in order to increase efficiency towards computing data massively. This specialty could be the main reason behind high scaling of Fabric than the public blockchains. Also, Fabric does not have its native currency, but it allows users to define assets from the client side. The fabric allows participants to create a specific channel of their own.Fabric blockchains permit the user to participate in open as well as private interactions. Also, Hyperledger fabric utilizes a public key infrastructure to create cryptographic certificates. And Fabric’s strength is a higher grade of flexibility in permission and privacy. Use Case for Hyperledger Fabric Amazon AWS blockchain templates These templates provide a quick and simple way of creating and establishing safe blockchain networks with the help of popular open source frameworks. With the help of these templates, you can directly focus on creating your blockchain applications rather than making manual setup of your blockchain network. To make it more clear, just assume that you want to create a website for your business. And the easiest way for that is to look for a website template and then modify it as per your business requirements. Same is the case here. In order to advance or speed up the creation of blockchain applications for a wide range of industries, Amazon AWS blockchain templates are used. AWS blockchain templates establish the blockchain framework that you select as a container on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) cluster. Also, you can directly select a blockchain framework on an EC2 instance running Docker. The final blockchain network is created in your Amazon VPC that permits you to use your VPC subnets and network Access Control Lists. It is quite easy to assign granular permissions with the help of AWS Identity and Access Management to put restrictions for the resources that an Amazon ECS cluster or Amazon EC2 instance can access. An interesting thing about Amazon AWS templates is that it does not cost you an additional charge to use the AWS blockchain template. You just pay for the resources that you require to start your blockchain network. More on Hyperledger Fabric Here is an informative youtube video that can give you a quick introduction to Hyperledger Fabric project. <a href="https://medium.com/media/d23fdc12e06ae17aca22f5f7e64050cd/href">https://medium.com/media/d23fdc12e06ae17aca22f5f7e64050cd/href</a> How Hyperledger Fabric can help in Industrial development? Hyperledger Fabric is a project in which there are certain members (companies like IBM, SAP, NOKIA ) that have collaborated to create advanced blockchain applications/software to enhance their business operational methods and procedures. It is a step that Linux Foundation and all these companies have taken in the direction of creating a new era with business operations that are quite secure, quick and highly efficient. The cause is the use of blockchain technology in a permissioned way. Hence, soon most of the process and applications will be based on blockchain. This is because IT giants and various blockchain startups are working to create future blockchain applications that will enhance the working efficiency of the business operations. Hyperledger Fabric Model Here, we will look at the special features of Hyperledger Fabric that make it the best enterprise blockchain solution. : Asset can be anything ranging from tangible (real estate, hardware) to intangible (contracts and intellectual property), etc. Hyperledger fabric offers you complete freedom to change assets with the help of chaincode transactions. Asset In Hyperledger fabric, assets are represented as key-value pairs. Moreover, they can be represented in binary or JSON form. It is simple to use assets in hyperledger fabric applications with the help of hyperledger composer tool. . It is a software that defines an asset or the transaction instructions for an asset. It is a kind of program which is written in Go. The primary function of this software is to start and manage ledger state through transactions submitted by applications. Chaincode . Hyperledger Fabric has channels and private data collections which allow private as well as confidential multilateral transactions which are most needed by competing businesses and regulated industries. Privacy . Consensus provides flexibility and scalability required for the enterprise. It has recently become synonymous with a unique algorithm and a function. Consensus . It offers a valid blockchain network where participants know that all the transactions can be detected and traced by authorized regulators and auditors. Security and Membership Services Hyperledger Fabric’s Application in the Supply chain industry Many multinational companies have hired various software development companies to create and implement a supply chain based on Hyperledger Fabric to ensure fast, reliable and secure asset management. Its benefits include the ability to track vehicle, its history and shipment using VIN just after the data is loaded. Moreover, it results in advanced reporting and risk management. Final Words Hyperledger Fabric is the most prominent framework that offers various features to the enterprises. Hence, it is one of the best blockchain enterprise solutions. This project is going to produce a number of advanced blockchain-based applications. I hope this blog could give you neat and clear info on Hyperledger Fabric. If you want to give any feedback or suggestion, please comment in the comment box. <a href="https://medium.com/media/3c851dac986ab6dbb2d1aaa91205a8eb/href">https://medium.com/media/3c851dac986ab6dbb2d1aaa91205a8eb/href</a>

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