OneOpenis in the Investment Tech Industry

OneOpen

oneopen

This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Jinrui Yang, School of Computing & Information Systems, The University of Melbourne (Email: jinruiy@student.unimelb.edu.au); (2) Timothy Baldwin, School of Computing & Information Systems, The University of Melbourne and Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE (Email: (tbaldwin,trevor.cohn)@unimelb.edu.au); (3) Trevor Cohn, School of Computing & Information Systems, The University of Melbourne. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Background and Related Work Multi-EuP Experiments and Findings Language Bias Discussion Conclusion, Limitations, Ethics Statement, Acknowledgements, References, and Appendix 2 Background and Related Work The European Parliament (EP) serves as an important forum for political debates and decisionmaking at the European Union level. Members of the European Parliament (MEP) are elected in direct elections across the EU. The European Parliament debate is presided over by the President, who guides MEPs in discussing specific subjects. EP debates have been the source of three key datasets. First, was crafted by Koehn (2005) by collecting EP debates documents from 1996 to 2011, and extracting translations as a parallel corpus for statistical machine translation, enriched with attributes including , and Europarl-2005 debate date chapter id, MEP id, language, MEP name, MEP party. Later, Rabinovich et al. (2017) built upon , by introducing additional demographic attributes: MEP gender and . These were sourced from sources such as Wikidata (Vrandeciˇ c and Krötzsch ´ , 2014) and automatic annotation tools such as *Genderize[*2] and . [3] However, is limited to only two language pairs: English– German and English–French. (Vanmassenhove and Hardmeier, 2018) expanded upon to add twenty additional language pairs, based on the manual translations in the EP archives. These corpora have been used primarily for machine translation research. Europarl2017 Europarl-2005 MEP age AlchemyVision Europarl-2017 Europarl-2018 Europarl-2017 Since 2020, the EU has publicly released raw debates in the form of transcribed source-language speeches with rich multilingual topic index data, along with the original video and audio recordings. This forms the basis of the Multi-EuP dataset, with additional attributes for each speaking MEP such as an image, birthplace, and nationality. Zhang et al. (2021) introduced Mr. TYDI, an evaluation benchmark dataset for dense retrieval assessment over 11 languages. This dataset is constructed from TYDI (Clark et al., 2020), a question answering dataset. For each language, annotators assign relevance scores as judgments for questions, derived from Wikipedia articles. Notably, the questions for different languages are crafted independently, and relevance judgements are provided in-language only. Based on the dataset, the authors evaluate on monolingual retrieval tasks for non-English languages using BM25 and mDPR as zero-shot baselines. However, Mr. TYDI’s scope is limited in that it is not truly multilingual, in that queries in a given language are only performed over documents in that language. This is part of the void our work aims to address. MS MARCO (Nguyen et al., 2016) is a widelyused dataset, sourced from Bing’s search query logs, but for English queries and documents only. To mitigate this, Bonifacio et al. (2021) introduced mMARCO, a multilingual variant of the MS MARCO passage ranking dataset, spanning 13 languages and created through machine translation, based on one open-source approach (Tiedemann and Thottingal, 2020) and one commercial system in the form of Google Translate.[4] Analysis of the authors’ results reveals a positive correlation between translation quality and retrieval performance, with higher translation BLEU scores yielding improved retrieval MRR outcomes. However, similar to Mr. TYDI, mMARCO focuses on in-language retrieval only for multiple languages, rather than multilingual retrieval. Throughout the past few decades, numerous datasets and tasks pertaining to multilingual retrieval have been developed for evaluation, through efforts such as CLEF, TREC, and FIRE, each contributing standardized document collections and evaluation procedures. These evaluation datasets facilitate genuine multilingual IR research such as Rahimi et al. (2015) and Lawrie et al. (2023). However, the scope of these datasets is generally limited to a small number of queries. For example, in the case of CLEF 2001-2003, each edition encompasses a mere few dozen queries. This limitation tends to confine research predominantly to evaluation and not offer a resource for training a multilingual ranking model. Our dataset is of a scale to accommodate both large-scale training and evaluation of multilingual retrieval methods. Compared with the related work above, our work augments the multilingual mixture of queries and documents compared to Mr.TYDI, preserves the authenticity of multilingual contexts compared to mMARCO’s translation-based approach, and surpasses the query count limitations of tasks like CLEF. [2] https://genderize.io/ [3] https://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ ibmwatson/developercloud/alchemy-vision.html [4] https://cloud.google.com/translate

Multi-EuP: Analysis of Bias in Information Retrieval - Background and Related Work

When using the Angular CDK Overlay module, you will likely want to transition the opening and closing of the overlay content. It’s something that seems like it should be pretty easy and straightforward, but it’s actually a little tricky. It can’t really be transitioned with only because it’s a markup that gets added into and removed from the document. It’s not a simple style or class change. We need to leverage Angular animations to make it work well. In this post I’ll show you why and I’ll show you how to make animations work for your overlays. Alright, let’s get to it! CSS https://youtu.be/JEKQ21mXyA0?embedable=true Ok, before we get too far along, I’ve created several posts on the Angular CDK Overlay module where I demonstrate how to set up overlays for some common scenarios, how they are positioned, and how they react when scrolling the containers they are contained within. Angular CDK Overlay Tutorials: Learn the Basics How Positioning Works Scroll Strategies So, if you’re new to these concepts, you’ll probably want to check them out first because everything we’ll see in this post will build off the concepts from those videos. The Demo Application Ok, here we have the example that we’ve been working on throughout the videos on the Overlay module. It’s a list of NBA players, and when we click the button on the right, we get a pop-up that’s created with the Overlay module with more details about the player. It works well, but we want to ease in the pop-up when it opens, and then we want to ease it out when it closes. This should be easy, right? Using an Angular and Animation to Animate the CDK Overlay :enter :leave If you’ve used Angular animations in the past, you’d probably expect to use a simple and animation. This type of animation in Angular allows us to animate items that are physically entering into and out of the DOM. This is something that CSS currently does not support. :enter :leave So, let’s try this and see what happens. Creating an :enter/:leave Animation in the Component Animations Metadata Let’s start by adding the animations array. Within this array, let’s add a trigger. We’ll call it “animation”. player-details.component.ts @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        trigger('animation', [
        ])
    ]
}) Then, let’s add a transition for our event. Well use the method to add the style we’ll start from. We’ll add a style object where we’ll start from an opacity of zero. And, we’ll start from a scale of point eight. Then, we’ll use the method; for the timings, we’ll use a duration of zero point one five seconds, and we’ll use for our timing function. And we’ll animate to another style object. This time, we’ll be transitioning to an opacity of one and a scale of one as well. :enter style() animate() ease-in-out @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        transition(':enter', [
            style({
                opacity: 0,
                transform: 'scale(0.8)'
            }),
            animate('0.15s ease-in-out', style({
                opacity: 1,
                transform: 'scale(1)'
            }))
        ])
    ]
}) Now we’ll add another transition for our :leave state. This time we’ll start from our open state with a style object containing an opacity of one and a scale of one too. Then, we’ll add another animation function. We’ll add the same timing, zero point one five seconds with an timing function. We’ll add another style object to animate to an opacity of zero and a scale of zero point eight, so the inverse of our enter animation. ease-in-out @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        trigger('animation', [
            transition(':enter', [
                style({
                    opacity: 0,
                    transform: 'scale(0.8)'
                }),
                animate('0.15s ease-in-out', style({
                    opacity: 1,
                    transform: 'scale(1)'
                }))
            ]),
            transition(':leave', [
                style({
                    opacity: 1,
                    transform: 'scale(1)'
                }),
                animate('0.15s ease-in-out', style({
                    opacity: 0,
                    transform: 'scale(0.8)'
                }))
            ])
        ])
    ]
}) Binding the Animation to the Component Host With the Decorator @HostBinding Ok, now we have the animation setup, but we need to bind it to our player details host element. So, we need to add the decorator. We’ll add our animation trigger, then we’ll create an “animationState” property, and we’ll set it to true so that our animation will properly be bound on the host. @HostBinding export class PlayerDetailsComponent {
    @HostBinding('@animation') animationState = true;
} Ok, now let’s check this out and see what happens. Nice, the animation on open looks great but when we close it looks like it didn’t animate. And, this is because a leave event didn’t fire for this inner component that we’re trying to animate. The overlay is destroyed and removed before the close animation can run. The overlay is detached before the animation completes. We need to complete the close animation before the overlay is detached. So, we’re going to need to do this a different way. Using an Angular State-based Animation to Animate the CDK Overlay What we can do here is actually switch to a state-based animation. We’ll go with the concept of having a “hidden” state and a “visible” state for our overlay content. Creating a State-based Animation in the Component Animations Metadata Let’s remove the code for the :enter/:leave animation and then replace it with our hidden state. We’ll add a style object with opacity zero and a scale of zero point eight. @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        trigger('animation', [
            state('hidden', style({
                opacity: 0,
                transform: 'scale(0.8)'
            })
        ])
    ]
}) Then, we’ll add another state call for our visible state. This state will have a style object with an opacity of one and a scale of one as well. @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        trigger('animation', [
            state('hidden', style({
                opacity: 0,
                transform: 'scale(0.8)'
            }),
            state('visible', style({
                opacity: 1,
                transform: 'scale(1)'
            }))
        ])
    ]
}) Alright, now we just need to add the transition between these states, so let’s add the transition function. And we’ll transition between hidden and visible states. We’ll also animate this transition with the animation function. Our animation will run over zero point one for five seconds and will use an timing function. ease-in-out @Component({
    selector: 'app-player-details',
    ...
    animations: [
        trigger('animation', [
            state('hidden', style({
                opacity: 0,
                transform: 'scale(0.8)'
            }),
            state('visible', style({
                opacity: 1,
                transform: 'scale(1)'
            })),
            transition('hidden <=> visible', animate('0.15s ease-in-out'))
        ])
    ]
}) Ok, now, for this animation to work correctly, we’ll need to switch our from a Boolean to a hidden/visible string instead, so we’ll initialize it to hidden. animationState export class PlayerDetailsComponent {
    @HostBinding('@animation') animationState = 'hidden';
} Triggering the State-based Animation When Opening and Closing the CDK Overlay Now, when the component is created, we’ll set this property to visible, which will then trigger the open animation to run. We need to add the AfterViewInit lifecycle hook for this. And we’ll need to implement the interface too. Then, within the hook, we’ll set our to visible. animationState export class PlayerDetailsComponent implements AfterViewInit {
    ...
    ngAfterViewInit() {
        this.animationState = 'visible';
    }
} That will trigger the animation on open. Now, we need to handle the close. To do this, we need to do a few things. First, let’s add a public close method. Inside of this method, let’s set our animationState to hidden. export class PlayerDetailsComponent implements AfterViewInit {
    ...
    close() {
        this.animationState = 'hidden';
    }
} Ok, now, in our player component that opens this pop-up, we need to be able to access the instance of our player details component so that we can call the close method that we just added. We’ll use the view child decorator to do this. Its selector will be the , and we’ll name this property . It will be typed to the as well. PlayerDetailsComponent detailsComponent PlayerDetailsComponent player.component.ts export class PlayerComponent {
    @ViewChild(PlayerDetailsComponent) detailsComponent!: PlayerDetailsComponent;
} Ok, now, in our component template, in the event, we’ll now call our method instead of setting our property to false. overlayOutsideClick detailsComponent.close() detailsOpen player.component.html <ng-template
    cdkConnectedOverlay
    ...
    (overlayOutsideClick)="detailsComponent.close()">
</ng-template> So, this will trigger the close animation to run, but it will not actually detach the overlay. In order to properly detach the overlay, we need to wait until the close animation completes and then notify the player component so that it can properly detach the overlay. Using the Angular Animation Done Event and an EventEmitter to Close the CDK Overlay So, back over in the player details component, we need to add an that will emit when the animation completes. We can add the output decorator with a closed property. This property will be a void event emitter. We’ll fire it when the close animation completes. @Output player-details.component.ts export class PlayerDetailsComponent implements AfterViewInit {
    ...
    @Output() closed = new EventEmitter<void>();
} Now, we need a way to wire up to the close animation done event. To do this, we’ll use an animation-done event callback. Since our animation is bound to the host of this component, we’ll need to use the decorator to listen for the animation done event. And we’ll need to pass through the event. Then, we’ll create a done method. And it will have an event parameter that will be typed to an event. Within this method, we need to check if we are animating to the hidden state. Then, within this check, we’ll emit our closed event. @HostListener AngularAnimation export class PlayerDetailsComponent implements AfterViewInit {
    ...
    @HostListener('@animation.done', ['$event']) done(event: AnimationEvent) {
        if (event.toState === 'hidden') {
            this.closed.emit();
        }
    }
} The last thing we need to do is detach the overlay when this event fires. So, let’s go back to the player component template. On our player details component, let’s add our closed event. When it fires, we’ll set the property to false. detailsOpen <ng-template
    cdkConnectedOverlay
    ...>
    <app-player-details [player]="player" (closed)="detailsOpen = false"></app-player-details>
</ng-template> Ok, now it will still transition as it opens and it will now transition when when it closes too. Cool, so now we have a working open and close animation for our pop-ups, but we can make it even better. Making the Animation Better With the @Input cdkConnectedOverlayTransformOriginOn The directive provides the ability for us to specify the item to place a on in order to better animate the overlay from the origin element. To do this, we can add the and in this case, we are animating the element, so we’ll set that as the selector for this input. cdkConnectedOverlay transform-origin cdkConnectedOverlayTransformOriginOn @Input app-player-details <ng-template
    cdkConnectedOverlay
    ...
    cdkConnectedOverlayTransformOriginOn="app-player-details">
</ng-template> Nice, now our pop-up will animate from and to the attachment point on the origin. Ok, so now you know how to animate the opening and closing of overlays. I hope this helps you as you build out modals, pop-ups, tool tips and similar items in your angular apps. Keep an eye out for more videos on the Overlay module in the future. Found This Helpful? If you found this article helpful and want to show some love, you can always buy me a coffee! Want to See It in Action? Check out the demo code and examples of these techniques in the in the stackblitz example below. If you have any questions or thoughts, don’t hesitate to leave a comment. https://stackblitz.com/edit/stackblitz-starters-hi2gdg?ctl=1&embed=1&file=src%2Fplayer%2Fplayer-details%2Fplayer-details.component.ts&embedable=true Also published . here

Animating Angular CDK Overlays

In an evolving world of web development, making the most suitable choice of can greatly impact the efficiency and quality of your applications. Svelte, a modern JavaScript UI framework, has emerged as a powerful contender thanks to its unique architecture and ease of use. Uniquely designed, Svelte compiles your code to efficient, imperative code that directly updates the , stepping away from the more traditional Virtual DOM employed by other . This essay aims to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of Svelte: its core architecture, its unique selling points, and how it stacks up against competing options. UI frameworks DOM JavaScript frameworks Understanding Svelte as a Modern JS Framework A Fresh Epoch in JavaScript Frameworks: An In-Depth Look at Svelte In an age teeming with technological advancements, keeping tabs on the latest trends paves the way for an intuitive, sharper digital experience. One such buzz-worthy topic in the tech sphere is Svelte, hailed as a revolutionary newcomer in the realm of JavaScript frameworks. But what exactly is Svelte? And how is its approach injecting novelty into the JavaScript community? Let’s dive in. Chances are, individuals who’ve dipped their toes into have most certainly used or are familiar with JavaScript frameworks such as React or Vue. While powerful, these frameworks operate on the premise of a virtual DOM – holistically storing a copy of your UI and updating the real DOM in response to transitions. This process can sometimes introduce computational inefficiencies. frontend development Enter Svelte: the innovative JavaScript framework that wishes to rewrite the script quite literally. Unlike its brethren frameworks, Svelte arches towards a groundbreaking path by eliminating the need for a virtual DOM, focusing instead on a compile-time approach. Devised by Rich Harris, a graphics editor at The New York Times, Svelte parses your code during the development process but transmits a slim, optimized version that directly updates the DOM instead of shipping the entire framework code to the browser. This results in cleaner code, lesser memory usage, and a more seamless user experience – a silent execution of high-grade task automation at its finest. Svelte offers other tantalizing features, such as built-in state management and reactive programming. Reactive declarations within Svelte components make state management a breeze with the use of the simple ‘$:’ syntax. Consequently, any variable in the reactive statement updates the state automatically when a contingent variable changes – putting the ‘responsive’ back in ‘responsive web design.’ While some critics might argue that Svelte is too new, too different, or has not reached the mainstream orbit as React or Vue, proponents of the framework are captivated by its refreshingly direct approach. Transitioning to Svelte might seem like a bold switch for many, but it is precisely this auxiliary perspective that cements its place within the tech cosmos. Growing adoption rates and a flourishing Svelte community indicate that it is more than just a passing fad overtaking the JavaScript world. Its scaled-down, efficient ideology proffers not only a novel way to think about web development but also signals the future of JavaScript frameworks. One thing’s certain. In the vanguard of tech innovations, Svelte is making waves. It represents a bridge to an enticing frontier where maximized efficiency meets within a refreshingly rational framework. As we transition into a new decade of tech evolution, it’s undeniable that Svelte and others of its ilk are pushing boundaries. By redefining norms and unabashedly upturning the JavaScript landscape, Svelte is actively scripting a new chapter of web development. Setting Up an Environment with Svelte Continuing from where we concluded, let’s now delve into how to actually get started with building applications in Svelte. Unquestionably, the principles of Svelte indicate a transformative development in the JavaScript framework realm. But how straightforward is it for a developer to build something substantial? Embarking on the Svelte journey starts with setting up a new project. This involves installing the necessary NodeJs dependencies if not already installed. Afterward, an ideal way to kick off your Svelte application is by using Degit, a project scaffolding tool, to clone the Svelte template. After setting up your Svelte project, getting started with your first application is as easy as running the Svelte development server in your project directory. The next step is understanding the structure behind a Svelte application. Given that the framework is component-based, you’ll be spending a lot of time with .svelte files. These are essentially your components encapsulating HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code. The key strength here is that each component is independent, reusable, and offers a minimalistic paradigm where what you need is what you get. A remarkable feature of Svelte is the reactivity it offers. This is the heart and soul of the Svelte application. Changes in overarching data are intuitively and instantly reflected in the UI. This involves understanding the Svelte stores, a simple yet powerful pattern for state management. To use a store in a component, you simply have to import it and use it like a regular variable. However, the power of a Svelte Store comes from the use of the ‘$’ sign, which subscribes to the store and makes your component reactive to the changes in state. The routing within Svelte applications can be achieved using libraries such as svelte-spa-router or svelte-routing. These libraries provide the functionalities that support navigation within your application. Another remarkable facet is server-side rendering (SSR). To achieve SSR, Sapper – a framework powered by Svelte, can be used. It provides crucial features like routing, bundling, and SSR out of the box, making it immensely useful for developers who want to focus more on the application logic rather than on the intricate configurations. To bolster your general Svelte prowess, indulge in comprehensive tutorials, like the one offered by Svelte’s own website, where real-world applications are built step by step. This way, you’ll learn best practices for structuring your application and posting effective solutions. In conclusion, starting application development with Svelte is quite straightforward, provided that one has a basic acquaintance with JavaScript and the DOM. Whether you are building a small project or a larger, more complex web application, Svelte can provide an efficient and effective process with its unique reactivity model and compile-time approach. The learning curve is surprisingly pleasant – and with Svelte’s growing community support, open-source contributions, and readily available resources, ambiguity will rarely be an issue. So, take the plunge into the world of Svelte. With its pioneering approach, you might just discover a faster, lighter, and more productive way to build your web applications. Start building today, and join the revolution that is Svelte! Diving Deeper into Svelte Syntax & Components Breaking Down Svelte’s Syntax and Component Building Diving into Svelte at the foundational level necessitates a closer look at its syntax and component structuring. Their ability to facilitate a superior development experience is intrinsic to their design principles, and these elements truly differentiate Svelte from other JavaScript frameworks. Svelte Syntax: Syntax that Speaks for Itself A distinguishing trait of Svelte’s syntax is its simplicity and the ability to write less to achieve more. Its HTML-like syntax is more comfortable for developers to understand, making it a joy to work with. Moreover, it's ‘just JavaScript’ principle introduces no proprietary concepts. You’re not learning a whole new language—just enhancing your JavaScript. In a Svelte component, styles, markup, and logic live together. This deliberate decision not only makes components easier to read but also empowers developers to create declarative and predictable behaviors. With every change immediately visible in the DOM, Svelte’s terse syntax further enhances real-time, interactive feedback during development. Svelte Components: Simplicity and Efficiency Defined Continuing on the same wavelength, Svelte’s component structuring is an essential factor in its appealing simplicity and efficiency. Components in Svelte are independent entities with their encapsulated logic, state, and styles—forms of self-contained building blocks that make your apps more organized and manageable. The magic lies in its .svelte files. Each Svelte file represents a single component comprising HTML, CSS, and JS, enabling the automatic scoping of styles and a definite separation of concerns. Interacting with components can be done directly or via parent-child relationships, with the latter passing data via props. Svelte’s Unarguable Efficiency: Propagation and Component Lifecycle One of Svelte’s secrets to efficiency is the mechanism of cleverly updating components. Based on the principle of ‘reactive declarations,’ Svelte components react to changes efficiently, enabling a smooth and responsive UI. Component lifecycle functions are another robust feature of Svelte. These include onMount(), onDestroy(), beforeUpdate(), and afterUpdate(), which grants developers fine control over components, ramping up the component’s responsiveness and giving the developer an unprecedented level of control. Improved Development Experience and Delight: A Svelte Promise A tight grip on components and streamlined syntax pave the way for a superior development experience. Svelte instills a fine balance between flexibility and discipline, reinforcing best practices while allowing developers to shape their style and development flow. Furthermore, the focus on performance and size reduction, facilitated by Svelte’s compiler, results in faster loading applications, further enhancing the development as well as the end-user experience. Svelte’s architecture of syntax and component building delivers an application development experience that’s leading-edge. Much more than a technology, it’s a step closer to the future where efficiency, performance, and the delight of user experience firmly hold hands. Svelte’s overwhelming appeal is undoubtedly setting a new bar in the landscape of web application development. In the steadfast pursuit of technological advancement, Svelte’s services as a transformative tool keep it at the forefront of innovation, reaffirming how technology can truly enable problem-solving, drive automation, and catalyze progress—a vision held by every tech enthusiast. Achieving Dynamic UI Interactions with Svelte Now the question is: How to create dynamic, responsive UI interactions using Svelte? Well, it’s simpler than you think. One of the most outstanding features of Svelte is the way it handles UI interactions. Traditional JavaScript UI frameworks respond to updates — be it user inputs or server-side events — by running difference checking algorithms, or ‘diffing’, as it’s popularly called. The results of these operations then determine the actions to be taken in updating the UI. This could be a bit inefficient, taking into account the resources expended in the diffing process, which might lead to a lagging, unresponsive UI. In contrast, Svelte takes an inspired approach by incorporating a declarative style to track reactive dependencies. The compiler tracks the parts of the code dependent on state and ensures those parts alone are updated whenever the state changes. This eliminates the need for a diffing algorithm, which could be computationally intensive, thereby offering a more efficient, responsive UI interaction. Achieving this is as simple as adding a label statement at the beginning of the state-dependent code to notify Svelte’s compiler of a reactive statement. Aside from this, Svelte’s concept of reactive assignments with the use of a simple ‘$:’ makes it a smooth sail in creating dynamic, responsive interactions. Variables declared with ‘$:’ automatically cause the UI to re-render only components that depend on them whenever they change. To create a more dynamic experience, Svelte also provides built-in transition functions for easily animating changes in the application’s state. It permits easy incorporation of bounce, fade, fly, scale, slide, and many more transitions, considerably simplifying the process of adding smooth animations to respond to state changes. All these happen at the compiler level leading to small, fast-loading bundles of code, delivering near-instant loading times. Moreover, Svelte facilitates the use of actions (functions run when an element is added to the DOM), conveniently extending the behavior of DOM elements for creating resizable text areas, lazy-loaded images, and tooltips, to name a few, making components more versatile, reusable, and efficient. With Svelte, enhancing user interaction is made seamless with its event-forwarding feature, which allows components to forward DOM events not explicitly declared in the component. This provides a more consistent and intuitive interaction model where parent components communicate flexibly with child components. Moreover, Svelte’s custom events system permits components to dispatch custom events with optional data attached, providing more nuanced handling of actions within components and opening up more possibilities for more interactive UI design. Incredibly, Svelte also provides dynamic event handlers, allowing event bindings to be determined at runtime for a more versatile interactive experience. This is another testament to Svelte’s commitment to pushing the envelope in dynamic, responsive UI design. Glaringly, Svelte has set the course to redefine UI interactions in the web development world. Therefore, it is vital for current and aspiring web developers to get on board with this groundbreaking framework. With this information at hand, creating dynamic, responsive UI interactions is absolutely within reach using Svelte. As with all new tech, the most critical ingredient is the will to explore, experiment, and learn. Interoperability and Augmentation Possibilities with Svelte Integrating Svelte with Other Tech Stacks Svelte, in its pursuit of optimal performance and seamless developer experience, is versatile enough to integrate with a variety of other tech stacks. This interoperability results in boosted capabilities and is key to its growing popularity in the web development arena. For instance, in a TypeScript environment, Svelte can flawlessly fit in, thereby enhancing type safety and autocompletion features. The Svelte preprocessor API allows integration of TypeScript with Svelte, simply by installing a couple of dependencies and tweaking the svelte.config.js file. Beyond TypeScript, Svelte can also leverage the power of PostCSS, a tool to transform CSS with JavaScript plugins. The use of PostCSS allows developers to lean on its ecosystem of plugins, transforming Svelte’s baked-in styling capabilities to better match their workflow requirements. This interoperability is made possible due to tools like svelte-preprocess, which handle the interfacing between Svelte and PostCSS. Svelte’s augmenting capabilities don’t stop there, though. Partnering Svelte with GraphQL, the strongly typed query language for APIs yields out-of-the-box results. Libraries like “svelte-apollo” exist to blend Svelte’s simplistic approach with the robust flexibility offered by GraphQL, enabling the creation of data-rich and efficient applications. Making Svelte work with Serverless tech stacks is another integration point that brings the best of both worlds. Serverless functions can breathe life into a static Svelte site, providing dynamic content without requiring a full-fledged backend. With platforms like Vercel or Netlify providing seamless serverless function integrations, it becomes all the more simple for developers to bring their heavy duty apps to life. It’s also worth mentioning the developer-friendly environment of the storybook, a tool for developing UI components in isolation. Though not a direct tech stack integration, adding a Svelte Storybook to a project only requires a few installations and file adjustments to offer a parallel development environment focused on building components individually. While all these examples illustrate the exciting integrations of Svelte with other technologies, it also surfaces developers’ roles in augmenting Svelte’s capabilities. As Svelte’s eco-system is still developing, the necessity for more libraries and tools to streamline its usage with other technologies becomes evident. There is a great degree of significance for developers to actively participate in Svelte’s growth: contribute to its open-source repositories, develop useful libraries, write tutorials or build educational resources, and most importantly, share the knowledge with the larger Svelte community. By taking such initiatives, developers can directly contribute to an environment that bolsters Svelte’s capacities, making it a more formidable tool for web development. To conclude, the promise of Svelte in relation to other tech stacks is significant. Integrations with TypeScript, PostCSS, , Serverless Functions, and Storybook enhance its existing capabilities. Nevertheless, developers play a crucial role in continuously exploring and expanding these boundaries, given the relative novelty of Svelte in the wave of modern web development. Forward-thinking problem solvers will have an enthralling opportunity to directly contribute to the future of next-gen web development with Svelte. GraphQL As we explore the landscape of web development, the role of Svelte as a modern JavaScript UI framework is increasingly significant. Its ability to streamline development processes and its high level of interoperability make it a compelling choice for developers. Whereas most frameworks operate by interpreting your application code, Svelte runs at build time, converting components into highly efficient imperative code that updates the DOM. This unique capability, along with its robust tooling and seamless integration possibilities, positions Svelte as a potent tool in the hands of both novice and experienced developers. Also published . here

Svelte UI: The JS Framework Shaping Tomorrow's Web Development

Gemini - A Family of Highly Capable
Multimodal Models: Evaluation

Tor short for 'The Onion Router,' is a popular secure browser that enables access to sites typically restricted, including those on the dark web. Another notable feature of Tor is its ability to help maintain anonymity on the web. By safeguarding your privacy, Tor prevents anyone from tracking your digital footprint, including the websites you visit, your device information, location, and all information you access on the internet. To make this possible, the Tor network comprises thousands of volunteer-operated servers called Tor relays. These relays work together to provide a high level of anonymity by relaying and encrypting your internet traffic. Now, how do you install Tor on Kali Linux? While the process is straightforward, many outdated methods can make it seem impossible, leading to errors such as .' This article aims to guide you through an easy and error-free installation process on Kali Linux, ensuring you can enjoy the benefits of Tor seamlessly. 'download error: error 404 INSTALLING TOR-BROWSER ON KALI LINUX Note: This method also works perfectly on Ubuntu. If you're trying to install the Tor Browser on Ubuntu, read on. Step One: Open Kali Linux and Run the following commands sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade Note: These processes will take some time before completing. However, they are crucial in maintaining the latest, stable, secured, and optimized version of the system. Step Two:  Click on the following link: https://www.torproject.org/download/ Step Three:  Click on ‘Download for Linux’ Step Four:  Now that the download is complete, navigate to the Downloads directory to locate the Tor file through the following command on the terminal: cd Downloads Step Five: Notice that the Tor file is a .tar.xz file? You will need to extract it for proper functionality. Run the following command to extract the file: tar -xf [File Name] Note: No feedback is provided after running this command. This is normal, simply confirm that the file has been decompressed by running the following command: ls Output: Step Six: Now, make ‘tor-browser’ your current directory cd tor-browser ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ Step Seven: Launch ‘tor-browser from terminal ./start-tor-browser.desktop Output: Step Eight: Click on ‘Connect’ to complete the setup START TOR-BROWSER FROM A GRAPHICAL INTERFACE Alternatively, you can start TOR-Browser from your desktop environment by following these steps: Step One: Switch to kali Linux desktop environment and click on the ‘Home’ folder Step Two: In the home folder, click on ‘Downloads’ Step Three: Double tap the ‘tor-browser’ folder Step Four: In the folder, Double click the ‘start-tor-browser.desktop’ file and select ‘Mark Executable’ Note: The web browser will automatically launch after this. If you've diligently followed this comprehensive step-by-step guide, you’ve now successfully installed the Tor Browser on your system. In the rare event of encountering an error during installation, simply trace back the steps and reapply them for a seamless and secure Tor Browser experience.

How to Install Tor Browser on Kali Linux and Avoid 'Download Error 404'

Ubuntu is known for its user-friendliness and an excellent choice for Linux beginners. Through this guide, you will learn how to install Ubuntu on a Windows PC using a virtual machine, specifically VMware Workstation Player. Ubuntu is a free and open-source operating system with its foundation based on the Debian Linux distribution. Since its development as an alternative to Debian in 2004, Ubuntu has garnered widespread adoption over time, thanks to its distinct features. Not only is Ubuntu known for its user-friendliness, but it also boasts powerful capabilities, including support for extensive cloud operations, server management, and compatibility with numerous applications and games – some of which you might pay for on Windows and macOS. If you are considering installing Ubuntu, here are some essential aspects to understand: Ubuntu and Windows are distinct operating systems; however, Ubuntu's desktop environment offers a user experience that's close to Windows. Ubuntu is a lightweight operating system, requiring minimal system resources, making it ideal for daily use. You have two primary options when it comes to installing Ubuntu into your system. One is a dual-boot configuration, which allows you to choose between Windows and Ubuntu each time you start your computer. The other option is to run Ubuntu within Windows through a virtual machine. For this article, we will be discussing how to install Ubuntu in a virtual machine known as VMware Workstation Player. WHAT EXACTLY IS A VIRTUAL MACHINE? A virtual machine is a software installed on a physical computer, which emulates the host, functions independently and within an isolated environment. Think of it as a software replica of your personal computer designed to maximize efficiency, flexibility, and security. To enable the installation of virtual machines on your system, you'll need a crucial component called a hypervisor. This inbuilt software allocates resources like CPU and memory to make VM operations possible, while also ensuring their control, management, and performance monitoring. VMWARE WORKSTATION PLAYER VMware Workstation Player is versatile desktop virtualization solution by VMware LLC that lets you run multiple virtual machines and different operating systems on a single computer. This software serves various purposes, ranging from server management and configurations to application testing, software development, simulations and provides snapshots for seemless system restoration. HERE IS HOW TO INSTALL UBUNTU ON WINDOWS Enable Virtualization in BIOS It is crucial to ensure that virtualization is enabled on your Pc or else you might not be able to complete the installation process. This is one of the major challenges many encounter, but by following these steps below you can fix it beforehand. Step One: Boot to the Advanced Startup Options To access the advanced boot menu, simply power off your PC and press F12 for Dell or F9/F10 for HP when powering on. The result will be the page below: : Note The display is from a DELL PC booting from a UEFI and might differ for other type of PCs. Step Two: Navigate to the BIOS setup Step Three: In the BIOS setup, click on 'Virtualization Support' Step Four: Under ‘Virtualization Support’ select ‘Virtualization’ Step Five: Tick the ‘Enable Intel Virtualization Technology’ option Note: If virtualization is already enabled, exit the interface, as there will be no need to make any changes on your PC. Step Six: Save changes and exit Virtualization should be enabled on your PC now, after following these steps. Installing Vmware Workstation Player On Windows Follow these steps to install Vmware on your PC: Step One: Click the following link: https://customerconnect.vmware.com/en/downloads/info/slug/desktop_end_user_computing/vmware_workstation_player/17_0 Step Two: Click on ‘Go to Downloads’ Step Three: Select Vmware Workstation for Windows and click download Step Four: After downloading the application file, navigate to your downloads folder and double-click to open the downloaded file Step Five: Click ‘Yes’ when the VMware installation launcher appears Step Six: Accept all term and conditions and  Click ‘Next’ Step Seven:  Click ‘Next’ when the ‘VMware Workstation 17 Player Setup’ appears. Step Eight:  In the Custom Setup section only select the ‘Add VMware Workstation console tools into system PATH’ option and click ‘Next’ Note: You only need to select the ‘Enhanced Keyboard Driver’ option if you are using a non-US keyboard for a better input and user experience. Step Nine: In the User Experience Settings, ensure to select all options and Click ‘Next’ Step Ten: Click ‘Install’ to start installation Wait for a few minutes for the process to be completed. Step Eleven: Now, click the 'Finish' option. After this, the VMware software should have been installed on your PC Use the windows search bar to find VMware workstation Player on your PC Installing Ubuntu Image File on Windows Step One: Click the following link: https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop Step Two: Click on ‘Download’ and wait for some minutes Note: The size of the Ubuntu image file is about 4.7GB, so it might take more time to complete the download. Installing Ubuntu Image File on VMware Workstation Step One: Open VMware Workstation Note: Since it's your first time, it will display an option to enter a license key or use it for free; select the free option and click on 'continue.’ Step Two: In the home page, click on ‘Create New Virtual Machine’ Step Three: Select ‘Installer disc image file’ option and click on ‘Browse’ to get the path of the ISO file Step Four: Clicking on ‘Browse’ will take you to your PC folders, navigate to downloads and select the ‘Ubuntu ISO file’, then click on ‘Open’ Step Five: Click ‘next’ after the ‘Ubuntu ISO file’ has been added. Step Six: Choose a username and password of your choice and click ‘Next’ Note: Ensure the username is typed in lowercase letters to avoid getting errors. Step Seven: Choose a name for the virtual machine and click ‘Next’ Note: You can also leave this on default and move to the next step. Step Eight:  Specify disk capacity by doing the following; Allocate a disk size to your machine, preferably 20GB; however, you can allocate more space depending on your system requirements. Select the 'Split virtual disk into multiple files' option. Storing the virtual disk can also work; however, if you intend to migrate to another computer, then splitting the disk into multiple files is ideal. Click ‘Next’ Step Nine:  Ensure that the 'Power on this virtual machine after creation' option is enabled and click on 'Finish' to create the virtual machine Note: The process might take few minutes Step Ten:  After Ubuntu has been installed on VMware, choose your preferred language and click on ‘Continue’ Step Eleven:  Select ‘Normal installation and click on ‘Continue’ Step Twelve:  Here, select the ‘Erase disk and install Ubuntu’ option and click on ‘Install Now’ Step Thirteen:  Click ‘Continue’ when the ‘Write the changes to disk’ prompt appears Step Fourteen:  Click ‘Continue’ to set location Step Fifteen:  Create your account, enable password login, and click ‘Continue’ Step Sixteen: Now, the software will automatically commence installation and configuration of dependencies after completing the steps above Note: This will take some time Step Seventeen: Now that the installation process is complete on your virtual machine, restart your computer to use the software If you've meticulously followed each step, you’ve now successfully installed Ubuntu on your Windows PC using VMware Workstation. This installation not only leverages the latest power of VMware Workstation but also ensures that Ubuntu is configured optimally for smooth performance and compatibility with your Windows PC.

How to Install Ubuntu on Windows Using a Virtual Machine

Let's learn about via these 52 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Telegram /Learn Repo 1. Is Telegram Digging Its Own Grave? Pavel Durov, the founder of Telegram, wants to introduce Web 3.0 technologies into the instant messaging app in a contested move. 2. What Crypto Can Learn From Russia’s War On Telegram https://hackernoon.com/what-crypto-can-learn-from-russias-war-on-telegram-febb841ea880 3. Introducing: The Gun.io Telegram Bot The Gun.io Telegram bot streamlines the job searching process for software developers by integrating their job searching tools with their Telegram workflow. 4. From Python to Telegram: Build your own Notification System Learn how to send messages from python script to Telegram chat. 5. How to Create a Telegram Bot Using Ruby I was tasked with creating a telegram bot using ruby a while back. I had no idea where to start and just like any other programmer out there I turned to the internet for clues. I did not find a good article and hence experienced a lot of problems creating the bot. I have decided to write an article to explain how to create a telegram bot from scratch. 6. The Regulatory Standpoint of Digital Asset Offering 2017 will continue to evoke different memories for different individuals. As for the crypto space, it remains one of the critical moments in the history of cryptocurrency. To some, 2017 was the year that crypto millionaires came to the fore, while others still revel in the unprecedented publicity that spurred the numerous innovative movement that has come to define the space. 7. Building a Simple Telegram Bot With Node.js and GrammY This tutorial will guide you through the process of creating a simple Telegram bot using JavaScript, Node.js and GrammY. 8. Let's Build a Telegram Bot in Rust. Part 1 Building telegram bot using Rust. 9. Crypto Telegram Detox: The Only 7 Telegram Channels You Need in 2023 Get rid of useless telegram channels that shill crypto scams and ads. Here you'll find the list of 7 best telegram channels for crypto and web3. 10. Is Telegram Premium Worth Buying Telegram Premium was released in June this year. It brings added customization features, increased limits, and an ad-free experience. 11. Alternatives to WhatsApp: Five Messaging Apps to Consider Instead of WhatsApp People have been switching from WhatsApp to other messaging apps; for a good reason. Here are five new apps taking the place of WhatsApp now in the tech space. 12. Privacy Protection: How Secure is Telegram Messenger? Is Telegram messenger secure enough for private messages and group chats? Can Telegram protect the privacy of users? We did research on this. 13. How to Build a Simple Telegram Bot: An Introductory Guide This article demonstrates how to create a simple chatbot in Telegram and configuring it using Quickwork Journey Builder. 14. Creating a Telegram Bot for my Friend's Business Last week my friend asked for help with coding a Telegram bot for the VIP 😏 customers of his herbs shop. 15. Dating in the Metaverse? Seal it With an NFT 71% of Millennials and 79% of Generation Z in the U.S. admit to feeling lonely. 60% of Tinder users say the same. NFT vows, social connections in the metaverse, 16. Integrate Your Telegram Bot With Real World via ESP32/ESP8266 Arduino Microcontroller Controlling the queue to our office gaming room by Arduino-based Telegram. The Arduino with servo motor was installed to lock and unlock the door 17. How Do I Sending Non Printing Character On Some Apps This morning I just thinking how to send an empty message on Standuply channel(Slack). Fortunately, I just found an answer at stackexchange, also an article on wikipedia about non-printing character. 18. Telegram and The Collaborative Community Telegram strives to maintain an active and healthy community of volunteers. However, the big question is, why create these spaces for participation? 19. How to Create a Simple Bash Shell Script to Send Messages on Telegram In this article, you will walk through the creation of a simple Bash shell script to send messages to Telegram messenger using the Curl command. Then you will use this script to send a notification on every ssh login into your server. 20. How to Get Unlimited Cloud Storage on Telegram App Unlimited cloud storage for storing photos, videos, and files using the Telegram App. The best alternative to Google Drive and Google Photos. 21. Using an API to Return a Daily Poem in Telegram to Celebrate World Poetry Day Learn how to create an automated workflow with n8n that gets international poems, translates them into one language, and sends a poem in Telegram every day. 22. Telegram VS WhatsApp: An Honest Comparison Telegram and WhatsApp are two popular instant messaging apps known to app users all over the globe. Read a honest comparison of both apps from an app user. 23. A Recap of WePlay's AMA on CryptoSquad Community WePlay hosted an AMA (Ask Me Anything) session on the CryptoSquad Telegram channel. Here's what went down. 24. Build Your own Telegram Bot with AWS and Node.js Automate thankless tasks like splitting grocery bills using a Telegram Bot and AWS. 25. The Importance of a Strong Community in the Blockchain Ecosystem Why strong communities are important for blockchain projects 26. Telegram's TON is Dead: Alternatives, Feasibility, And What Lies Ahead TON alternatives and why Telegram Open Network failed as a project. What can we expect from other projects 27. We Tried Hacking Telegram's Cryptocurrency TON For 3 Straight Weeks [Part I] Summary of https://contest.com/blockchain from BUTTON Wallet Team 28. Catchain Consensus Algorithm of Telegram's TON Blockchain [A Deep Dive] In our previous review, we made a detailed overview of Telegram Open Network and the specific features in the operation of key nodes (validators) of TON Blockchain. In this article, we will elaborate on one of the key aspects affecting the security and correct operation of the TON blockchain – a protocol allowing to achieve consensus between the network validators that are thoroughly described in the recently released document Catchain Consensus: An Outline authored by Nikolay Durov. 29. Fast Prototyping With Azure Functions and TDD I Had an Idea 30. How to Create a Telegram Chatbot In this article, we will learn how to create a chatbot in the Telegram messenger app from scratch. No special knowledge is required, but Python knowledge helps. 31. Telegram messenger advertising platform partners with FreeTON Blockchain Being in close proximity to the consumer is the cherished dream of every brand and it's key to a successful marketing strategy. What could be closer than a messenger? We communicate with friends and relatives, we look at it hundreds of times a day. Messenger has become a crucial part of everyday life. 32. Telegram Bots: How They Are Used Telegram bots have a variety of functions; they range from setting notifications to website monitoring. Find out more about how these bots are being used here. 33. How I Built a Simple Forex App with Telegram Bots and AWS Lambda As a freelancer working for different countries, I needed to optimize my currency exchange. So, I built a simple forex app with AWS Lamda and Telegram bots. 34. Increasing Your Productivity With Telegram and Node.js Some time ago I searched for an easy way to establish a communication channel between a mobile device and a Node.js webserver. My goal was to exchange messages over this channel and receive information about the weather, public transportation and more. For example I send the message /train and receive a response with realtime details about train departure times of preconfigured routes. So the Node.js server receives the incoming message, processes it and sends a response back to the client. 35. Hong Kong: A Crowd Sourced Revolution Two months ago a bill that would allow the extradition of Hong Kong’s criminal suspects to China led to a revolt that is still going on. The 5th of August, some 64 days after the main protests started, saw Hong Kong’s first general strike in over 50 years. 36. Where is the September 1st TON Update? The team at Telegram promised investors that they would post part of the code for the future TON blockchain (specifically, the node code and network validation module) by September 1. 37. Will Facebook and Telegram Kill Bitcoin and Ethereum? 2019 has marked itself not only with the end of the crypto winter but also with time when established technology companies entered the blockchain field. Telegram is going to release its own blockchain with the goal of processing millions of transactions per second. Facebook plans to introduce Libra coin to facilitate payments for 1.7 billion unbanked but connected people. 38. How You Can Control Your Smart Home Through a Telegram Bot You’ve got your smart home fully set up. You regularly like to show off with your friends how cool it is to turn on light bulbs, play videos and movies with a hint to your voice assistant, make coffee and adjust the thermostat with a tap on an app. Congratulations! 39. The Benefits of Utilizing Telegram for your Business Telegram Marketing is a method of attracting and retaining new consumers through the creation of Telegram communities 40. Telegram Bots Have Helped Pave The Way for dApps 2020 is shaping up to be the year of dApps! New communities are forming around cryptocurrency and they are asking for just one thing: decentralization. All the services and platforms you are accessing online right now can be decentralized in one way or another. 41. How to Run API Tests With Newman And Send Results to Telegram How about running your Postman collections of API requests and automatically getting a meaningful report right in Telegram? Let's do it in one small script! 🔥 42. From Zero to 45k Users: How We Created a Chatbot To Track Airfares Everything started when my mate was going on a vacation to Spain. Every single day, he checked the airlines’ websites to find the cheapest ticket and manually monitored prices of a certain flight. All these attempts were tedious, humdrum, and time-consuming for him. 43. TON Community Launches Free Version of Telegram Open Blockchain Free TON Blockchain and tokens are launching today by the decentralized community, which claims that Telegram needs to step away from the project. 44. Telegram Bot In Scala 3 With Bot4s + http4s + Doobie for CI notifications Scala 3 is finally here, but have you seen many real-world applications written in it? In this article, I will show you an example of such an application! 45. How to Build a Bitcoin Telegram Bot I created a simple Telegram bot that could retrieve Bitcoin's Price to convince my friends that Telegram is far superior to Whatsapp. 46. [Analysis] News Distribution of Telegram's GRAM Token Sale on Liquid Cryptocurrency Exchange On June 11, Techcrunch.com and the Liquid cryptocurrency exchange website published news that the sale of the alleged Telegram tokens will start on July 10. The newsworthy event has caught buzz within the cryptocurrency community, and based on it we have decided to explore the channels and the news flash sequence, namely which sites are most effective and what tools can be used to make the newsworthy event even more noticeable. 47. Telegram VS WhatsApp VS Utopia You can get confused in a wide variety of different messengers. Some apps offer versatility, others a user-friendly interface and others guarantee the privacy and security of users. 48. Skip the SSL w/ Serverless Telegram Bot via Now.js Note: these directions come without much conversation, let the hacking begin! 49. Fight Telegram Impersonators With A Bit Of Common Sense And A Dash Of Vigilance The number, frequency, and scale of scams involving impersonations are growing like fungi. It’s probably the sign of our times and it’s worrisome. 50. Creating Telegram Bots with n8n, a No-Code Platform I am a big fan of Telegram because of its great bot-ecosystem. I have been planning to make a bot for a while and have been looking for some nice workflow tools that can help me accomplish handling the back-end workflow of the bots visually. Recently, I started working with n8n, a fair-code licensed tool that helps you automate tasks, sync data between various sources and react to events all via a visual workflow editor. 51. Insecure by Design: As Millions Flock to Telegram, 7 Reasons to Question the App's Privacy Claims Telegram is not the gold-standard for secure messaging that it paints itself to be. Here are 7 reasons why. 52. [A Step by Step Guide] Build Your Expert Advisor Telegram Bot to Query Forex Trade Orders via MT4 Introduction Thank you for checking out the 52 most read stories about Telegram on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

52 Stories To Learn About Telegram

Things To Make by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . LUNG-TESTING APPARATUS here XXX. LUNG-TESTING APPARATUS. The capacity of the lungs, and their powers of inspiration and expiration, can be tested by means of easily constructed apparatus which will interest most people who are introduced to it. The reduction of the capabilities of the lungs to figures affords a not unprofitable form of entertainment, as even among adults these figures will be found to vary widely. Air Volume Measuring.—The air which the lungs deal with is scientifically classified under four heads: Tidal air, which passes into and out of the lungs in natural breathing. About 30 cubic inches in an adult (average). Reserve air, which can be expelled after a normal expiration. About 100 cubic inches. Complemental air, which can be drawn in after a normal inspiration. About 100 cubic inches. Residual air, which cannot be removed from the lungs under any conditions by voluntary effort. About 120 cubic inches. The first three added together give the vital capacity. This, as an addition sum will show, is very much greater than the volume of air taken in during a normal inspiration. The simplest method of testing the capacity of an individual pair of lungs is embodied in the apparatus shown in Figs. 165 and 166. A metal box is submerged, bottom upwards, in a tank of somewhat larger dimensions, until the water is level with the bottom inside and out. A counterweight is attached to the smaller box to place it almost in equilibrium, so that if air is blown into the box it will at once begin to rise. If we make the container 7-1/16 inches square inside, in plan, every inch it rises will represent approximately 50 cubic inches of air blown in; and a height of 7 inches, by allowing for 325 cubic inches, with a minimum immersion of half an inch, should suffice even for unusually capacious lungs. The outside box need not be more than 8 inches all ways. [Illustration: FIG. 166.—Section of lung-capacity tester.] Unless you are an expert with the soldering iron, the making of the boxes should be deputed to a professional tinman, who would turn out the pair for quite a small charge. Specify very thin zinc for the air vessel, and have the top edges stiffened so that they may remain straight. On receiving the boxes, cut a hole 3/4-inch diameter in the centre of the bottom of the air vessel, and solder round it a piece of tubing, A, 1 inch long, on the outside of the box. In the centre of the larger box make a hole large enough to take a tube, E, with an internal diameter of 1/8 inch. This tube is 8 inches long and must be quite straight. Next procure a straight wire, C, that fits the inside of the small tube easily; make an eye at the end, and cut off about 9 inches. Bore a hole for the wire in a metal disc 1 inch across. [Illustration: FIG. 166.—Perspective view of lung-capacity tester.] The air container is then placed in the water box and centred by means of wooden wedges driven in lightly at the corners. Push the small tube through its hole in the water box, and thrust the wire—after passing it through the disc and the projection on the air container—into the tube. The tube should reach nearly to the top of the air container, and the wire to the bottom of the water box. Solder the tube to the box, the wire to the disc, and the disc to the container. A little stay, S, will render the tube less liable to bend the bottom of the box. Plug the tube at the bottom. The wire sliding in the tube will counteract any tendency of the container to tilt over as it rises. A nozzle, D, for the air tube is soldered into the side of A, as shown. The counterweight is attached to the container by a piece of fine strong twine which passes over two pulleys, mounted on a crossbar of a frame screwed to the sides of the water box, or to an independent base. The bottom of the central pulley should be eight inches above the top of the container, when that is in its lowest position. For recording purposes, make a scale of inches and tenths, and the corresponding volumes of air, on the side of the upright next the counterweight. The wire, W, is arranged between counterweight and upright so that an easily sliding plate, P, may be pushed down it by the weight, to act as index. [Illustration: FIG. 167.—Apparatus for showing lung power.] Notes.—The pulleys must work easily, to reduce friction, which renders the readings inaccurate. Absolute accuracy is not obtainable by this apparatus, as the rising of the container lowers the water level slightly, and the air has to support part of the weight of the container which was previously borne by the water. But the inaccuracy is so small as to be practically negligible. A Pressure Recorder. [Transcribers note: Even with the precautions used in this project, health standards of 2004 would consider any exposure to mercury dangerous. Water could be substituted and the column lengths scaled up by about 13.5.] If mercury is poured into a vertical tube closed at the bottom, a pressure is exerted on the bottom in the proportion of approximately one pound per square inch for every two inches depth of mercury. Thus, if the column is 30 inches high the bottom pressure is slightly under 15 lbs. per square inch. This fact is utilized in the pressure recorder shown in Fig. 167, a U-shaped glass tube half filled with mercury. A rubber tube is attached to the bent-over end of one of the legs, so that the effects of blowing or suction may be communicated to the mercury in that leg. Normally the mercury stands level in both tubes at what may be called the zero mark. Any change of level in one leg is accompanied by an equal change in the opposite direction in the other. Therefore, if by blowing the mercury is made to rise an inch in the left leg, the pressure exerted is obviously that required to support a two-inch column of mercury—that is, 1 lb. per sq. inch. This gives a very convenient standard of measurement, as every inch rise above the zero mark indicates 1 lb. of pressure. CONSTRUCTION. The mercury tube should be made first. Take a piece of glass tubing 20 inches long, and bend it at a point 9 inches from one end after heating in a spirit flame. The legs should be kept as parallel as possible. Lay the tube, while the heated part is still pliant, on a flat surface, the bend projecting over the edge, So that the two legs shall be in line. When the glass has cooled, bend over two inches of the longer leg to an angle of about 45 degrees. A standard for the tube is now made out of one-inch wood. Hollow out a bed in which the tube shall lie and be completely protected. To the right of the tube the standard is notched to take a small bottle. The notch should be slightly narrower than the diameter of the bottle, and have its sides hollowed out to fit. Halfway up the tube draw a zero mark across the standards, and above this a scale of inches in fractions on both sides. Each inch represents 1 lb. pressure. The cork of the bottle must be pierced with a red-hot wire for two glass tubes, one of which is bent over for the blowing tube. Both tubes should be pointed at the bottle end so that they may enter the cork easily. Make the top of the cork air tight with sealing-wax. The purpose of the bottle is to catch any mercury that might be sucked out of the tube; one does not wish mercurial poisoning to result from the experiments. Also it prevents any saliva entering the mercury tube. When the latter has been secured to the standard by a couple of slips of tin nailed to the front, connect it up with the bottle, and fill it up to the zero mark with mercury poured in through a small paper funnel. The open end of the tube should be provided with an inch of tubing. Clips placed on this and on the rubber connection between tube and bottle will prevent the escape of mercury should the apparatus be upset when not in use. The average blowing pressure of which the lungs are capable is about 1-1/2 lbs. per square inch; inspiration pressure without mouth suction about 1 lb. per square inch; suction pressure 2-1/2 to 3 lbs. per square inch. Caution.—Don’t ask people with weak lungs to try experiments with the apparatus described in this chapter. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2005). Things To Make. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14664/pg14664-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

LUNG-TESTING APPARATUS

ON THE CARE OF HEALTH.

In this piece, I blend MVP development theory with hands-on lessons from my co-founder journey in an EdTech startup. Dive deep, and by the end, you'll uncover the hard-learned dos and don'ts of our MVP journey — insights that might just save you a misstep or two. Content Overview Key MVP Concepts and Strategies Understanding Different Types of MVPs Concierge MVP Wizard of Oz MVP Piecemeal MVP Single-feature MVP Landing page MVP Understanding the MVP Development Process MVP Dos and Don'ts: Lessons from YaizY's Experience Final thoughts Key MVP Concepts and Strategies In today's rapid business world, s are vital. Whether you're a new startup or a seasoned company seeking innovation, an MVP is not just another item on your checklist but a strategic must-have in your product development roadmap. It serves as a concrete first step, paving the way for early feedback and setting the stage for ongoing learning and consistent improvement. MVP EdTech MVP is Essential for Market Validation and Fundraising An MVP serves as a significant link, connecting your entrepreneurial dreams with the real-world dynamics of the market. It plays a dual strategic role: decreasing market risk and supporting fundraising efforts. When launching a new product or service, there's always a fair amount of risk involved. Unknown variables can lead to expensive mistakes, like creating a product that fails to connect with your intended audience. That's where an MVP comes in handy. It lets you introduce a basic version of your product, one that includes only the most crucial features that your users need. The practical, real-world data collected from this MVP launch gives you a wealth of insights about how the market reacts, how customers behave, and how well your product is accepted. It's a reality check for your business idea, helping you decide whether to stick with the current plan or adjust your strategy. Market Validation: The second strategic role of an MVP is in fundraising. Investors are always looking for potential high-growth ventures, but they also have to consider the risks of early-stage investing. An MVP serves as a tangible proof-of-concept, demonstrating your business's potential to generate future revenue. It not only shows that you have a market-ready product but also that your team has the capability to execute the vision. Facilitating Fundraising: Let’s take as an example. Its story perfectly illustrates the role of an MVP in fundraising. Instead of developing a fully functional product right off the bat, the Dropbox team made a simple demo video that showcased the software's functionality. This video sparked interest in the tech community, leading to an influx of sign-up requests for their beta version. This surge was proof to investors that there was significant market demand for their product. As a result, Dropbox secured a $1.2 million seed round from Sequoia Capital, paving the way for its later success. Dropbox Understanding Different Types of MVPs The journey to an MVP is not a one-size-fits-all process. The kind of MVP you develop largely depends on your unique business model, the product or service you're proposing, and the specific market conditions you're up against. To help you figure out the best way forward, let's explore the most popular types of MVPs and when you might want to use them: Concierge MVP In this style of MVP, you manually carry out the services that will later be automated in the final product. By doing this, you can learn directly about customer needs, issues, and usage patterns, confirming the value of your product idea without needing a lot of development work. A good example of a Concierge MVP is . At the beginning, the Airbnb guys would go to hosts' homes, click photos, and put them online. It was all done manually. They helped people list their places and others to book them. This gave them a clear idea of what users wanted and confirmed that their idea of a home-sharing platform could work. It was a key step in their journey to build the Airbnb we know today. Airbnb Wizard of Oz MVP Here, the customer interacts with what seems like a fully functional product. However, behind the curtain, the company manually runs the operations.. The key difference from Concierge MVP is that the user doesn't know about the manual work going on behind the curtain. This model allows you to test and confirm your product idea's core functionality without investing heavily in automation or scalability. Take , for instance. In their early days, they used this approach when starting their online bookstore. Customers believed they were browsing an extensive inventory when in reality, Amazon didn't have a large stock of books. Instead, they'd purchase the book from distributors when customers placed an order, then ship it. This gave them a chance to validate the demand for an online bookstore without huge initial inventory investment. Amazon Piecemeal MVP A Piecemeal MVP is like using Lego blocks you already have to build a new toy. You use existing tools, maybe even mix and match different ones, instead of creating everything from zero. This strategy can significantly cut down on development costs and time, offering a quick and inexpensive way to check if your business idea holds water. Groupon is a classic example of a Piecemeal MVP. In the early days, it was a basic WordPress website that sent daily deals to subscribers. The team manually made PDFs for their coupons and managed their subscriber list using readily available software, allowing them to test the market's interest in a group-buying platform with minimal upfront cost. Single-feature MVP This approach is about building an MVP that delivers a single core feature or function that solves the user's main problem. Companies often use this method when they want to perfect a single feature before adding more to their product. is a notable example of a successful One-Feature MVP. The first product only offered one main feature – syncing files across different computers. Only after validating this key function and gaining traction did Dropbox start to introduce more features, based on user feedback and demand. Dropbox Landing Page MVP This is about creating a straightforward landing page that explains the product's value and invites visitors to sign up or buy the product. It's a fast and cost-effective way to measure market interest and confirm your product idea. Buffer, a social media scheduling tool, began as an Intro Page MVP. They described their proposed solution on a basic webpage and invited visitors to sign up if they found the product intriguing. The interest level and number of sign-ups gave them an initial confirmation of their product concept before they committed to building the full product. Understanding the MVP Development Process The path to developing an MVP is not a straight line, but an iterative journey that is deeply rooted in continuous feedback, learning, and adaptation. It's fundamental to the Lean Startup mindset, wherein the focus is on 'learning by doing' and rapid prototyping. Let's delve into the three crucial stages involved in the MVP development process: The Pre-MVP stage is all about groundwork and strategic planning. Here are some key steps: Pre-MVP: Understand the competitive landscape, market size, and potential opportunities. This research will help you identify your unique value proposition and differentiate your offering. Market Research: Define the demographics, interests, and behaviors of your potential customers. Who are they? What are their pain points that your product can solve? Target Audience Definition: Test the waters before diving in. Conduct surveys, interviews, or focus groups within your network to gauge potential interest in your product. Additionally, a landing page describing your product's value proposition can be set up to gather email sign-ups or pre-orders. This helps in assessing the potential demand for your product. Preliminary Demand Validation: This stage is all about bringing your idea to life in a tangible form that people can interact with. Here are the major steps: Prototype Development: Decide what features to include in the MVP that can solve the primary problem for your users. Remember, the goal is to deliver value with the least complexity. Feature Determination: Develop a working model or prototype of your product that demonstrates its core functionality. Prototype Creation: Conduct testing sessions with potential users to gather feedback about the product's usability, functionality, and overall experience. User Testing: Based on the feedback received, refine and enhance your MVP. This is a crucial step in the Problem-Solution Fit, where you tweak your solution until it effectively solves the problem for your users. MVP Refinement: This is the stage where you introduce your functional product into the market. Here are the significant tasks: Minimum (Commercially) Viable Product (MVP or MCVP): Develop a fully functional version of your product based on the refined MVP. This version should be ready to be used by your first set of paying customers. Functional Development: Release your product into the market. This could be a soft launch (to a limited audience) or a full-scale launch, depending on your strategy. Product Launch: Begin your marketing efforts to attract your first customers. Continue to gather user feedback to understand what's working and what's not. User Acquisition and Feedback Loop: Use the feedback from your paying customers to refine and enhance your product. This stage is part of the Product-Market Fit process, where you adjust your product until it resonates with a larger audience in your target market. Product Refinement: Remember, the The iterative nature of this process is the key to effectively applying the Lean Startup methodology, allowing you to minimize risk and maximize your chances of building a product that truly meets the needs of your target market. MVP development process is a cycle, not a one-time event. It's about iterating and improving your product based on continuous learning from real-world feedback. MVP Dos and Don'ts: Lessons from YaizY's Experience Finally, drawing from our hands-on journey, here are pivotal do's and don'ts for MVP development: DOs It's imperative to launch a demo or beta version as soon as feasible. This enables you to gain valuable customer feedback and real-world insights, which can guide your development and refinement efforts. The goal isn't to deliver a perfect product out of the gate, but rather, a functional one that adequately represents your core concept and can be tested in the market. Launch a Testable Product Swiftly: In the pursuit of building an MVP, prioritize features that are most essential to your product's value proposition. Avoid the temptation of adding many features at once. Instead, target those that align directly with the core functionality of your product. Once these are validated and refined based on user feedback, additional features can be considered. Focus on Key Features: While it's important to be open to new ideas and approaches, keep a strategic focus on your product's core. Always aim for profitability and sustainable growth. Any experimentation should be data-driven and anchored by your product's main objective. Experiment Strategically: DON'Ts An MVP is meant to be a cost-effective way to validate a product idea, not a financial drain. Be mindful of your budget and manage your resources wisely. Remember, the goal is to learn about the market's reaction to your product, not to deliver a fully-fledged product. Overspend on MVP Development: While outsourcing can be useful in certain situations, it's essential to maintain a strong internal understanding and control over your product's development. If you outsource too much, you risk losing touch with the nuances of your product and may find it harder to make fast, informed decisions. Over-Depend on Outsourcing: A common pitfall in MVP development is to make the product overly complicated. Remember, the "M" in MVP stands for "minimum" - your goal is to create a product with just enough features to attract early adopters and validate the product concept. Strive for simplicity and clarity in design and functionality. Overcomplicate Your MVP: Aim to create an MVP that's as simple and effective as possible. Utilize existing tools and platforms to minimize coding and expedite the development process. This approach not only saves time but also enhances the reliability of your product at the initial stage. Write Unnecessary Code: While scaling is an exciting phase, it's crucial not to rush into it. Thoroughly test your product and use the gathered feedback to refine your MVP before considering any aggressive expansion. Scaling too soon can lead to amplified mistakes, which are often more challenging and costly to fix than in the MVP stage. Rush to Scale: Final Thoughts As our journey at YaizY advances, we continue to keep our minds open to new insights, learnings, and chances for refinement.  With these insights and principles in mind, we hope to inspire and guide other startups on their journey to develop a successful MVP. Remember, the road to a successful product is a marathon, not a sprint. Stay patient, stay focused, and keep learning. Your MVP is just the beginning of your product's journey!

Winning the MVP Game: The Tech Startups' Guide to Success

Sylvie and Bruno by Lewis Carroll, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . A CUNNING CONSPIRACY here CHAPTER IV. A CUNNING CONSPIRACY. The Warden entered at this moment: and close behind him came the Lord Chancellor, a little flushed and out of breath, and adjusting his wig, which appeared to have been dragged partly off his head. “But where is my precious child?” my Lady enquired, as the four took their seats at the small side-table devoted to ledgers and bundles and bills. “He left the room a few minutes ago with the Lord Chancellor,” the Sub-Warden briefly explained. “Ah!” said my Lady, graciously smiling on that high official. “Your Lordship has a very taking way with children! I doubt if any one could gain the ear of my darling Uggug so quickly as you can!” For an entirely stupid woman, my Lady's remarks were curiously full of meaning, of which she herself was wholly unconscious. The Chancellor bowed, but with a very uneasy air. “I think the Warden was about to speak,” he remarked, evidently anxious to change the subject. But my Lady would not be checked. “He is a clever boy,” she continued with enthusiasm, “but he needs a man like your Lordship to draw him out!” The Chancellor bit his lip, and was silent. He evidently feared that, stupid as she looked, she understood what she said this time, and was having a joke at his expense. He might have spared himself all anxiety: whatever accidental meaning her words might have, she herself never meant anything at all. “It is all settled!” the Warden announced, wasting no time over preliminaries. “The Sub-Wardenship is abolished, and my brother is appointed to act as Vice-Warden whenever I am absent. So, as I am going abroad for a while, he will enter on his new duties at once.” “And there will really be a Vice after all?” my Lady enquired. “I hope so!” the Warden smilingly replied. My Lady looked much pleased, and tried to clap her hands: but you might as well have knocked two feather-beds together, for any noise it made. “When my husband is Vice,” she said, “it will be the same as if we had a hundred Vices!” “Hear, hear!” cried the Sub-Warden. “You seem to think it very remarkable,” my Lady remarked with some severity, “that your wife should speak the truth!” “No, not remarkable at all!” her husband anxiously explained. “Nothing is remarkable that you say, sweet one!” My Lady smiled approval of the sentiment, and went on. “And am I Vice-Wardeness?” “If you choose to use that title,” said the Warden: “but 'Your Excellency' will be the proper style of address. And I trust that both 'His Excellency' and 'Her Excellency' will observe the Agreement I have drawn up. The provision I am most anxious about is this.” He unrolled a large parchment scroll, and read aloud the words “'item, that we will be kind to the poor.' The Chancellor worded it for me,” he added, glancing at that great Functionary. “I suppose, now, that word 'item' has some deep legal meaning?” “Undoubtedly!” replied the Chancellor, as articulately as he could with a pen between his lips. He was nervously rolling and unrolling several other scrolls, and making room among them for the one the Warden had just handed to him. “These are merely the rough copies,” he explained: “and, as soon as I have put in the final corrections—” making a great commotion among the different parchments, “—a semi-colon or two that I have accidentally omitted—” here he darted about, pen in hand, from one part of the scroll to another, spreading sheets of blotting-paper over his corrections, “all will be ready for signing.” “Should it not be read out, first?” my Lady enquired. “No need, no need!” the Sub-Warden and the Chancellor exclaimed at the same moment, with feverish eagerness. “No need at all,” the Warden gently assented. “Your husband and I have gone through it together. It provides that he shall exercise the full authority of Warden, and shall have the disposal of the annual revenue attached to the office, until my return, or, failing that, until Bruno comes of age: and that he shall then hand over, to myself or to Bruno as the case may be, the Wardenship, the unspent revenue, and the contents of the Treasury, which are to be preserved, intact, under his guardianship.” All this time the Sub-Warden was busy, with the Chancellor's help, shifting the papers from side to side, and pointing out to the Warden the place whew he was to sign. He then signed it himself, and my Lady and the Chancellor added their names as witnesses. “Short partings are best,” said the Warden. “All is ready for my journey. My children are waiting below to see me off” He gravely kissed my Lady, shook hands with his brother and the Chancellor, and left the room. {Image...'What a game!'} The three waited in silence till the sound of wheels announced that the Warden was out of hearing: then, to my surprise, they broke into peals of uncontrollable laughter. “What a game, oh, what a game!” cried the Chancellor. And he and the Vice-Warden joined hands, and skipped wildly about the room. My Lady was too dignified to skip, but she laughed like the neighing of a horse, and waved her handkerchief above her head: it was clear to her very limited understanding that something very clever had been done, but what it was she had yet to learn. “You said I should hear all about it when the Warden had gone,” she remarked, as soon as she could make herself heard. “And so you shall, Tabby!” her husband graciously replied, as he removed the blotting-paper, and showed the two parchments lying side by side. “This is the one he read but didn't sign: and this is the one he signed but didn't read! You see it was all covered up, except the place for signing the names—” “Yes, yes!” my Lady interrupted eagerly, and began comparing the two Agreements. “'Item, that he shall exercise the authority of Warden, in the Warden's absence.' Why, that's been changed into 'shall be absolute governor for life, with the title of Emperor, if elected to that office by the people.' What! Are you Emperor, darling?” “Not yet, dear,” the Vice-Warden replied. “It won't do to let this paper be seen, just at present. All in good time.” My Lady nodded, and read on. “'Item, that we will be kind to the poor.' Why, that's omitted altogether!” “Course it is!” said her husband. “We're not going to bother about the wretches!” “Good,” said my Lady, with emphasis, and read on again. “'Item, that the contents of the Treasury be preserved intact.' Why, that's altered into 'shall be at the absolute disposal of the Vice-Warden'! Well, Sibby, that was a clever trick! All the Jewels, only think! May I go and put them on directly?” “Well, not just yet, Lovey,” her husband uneasily replied. “You see the public mind isn't quite ripe for it yet. We must feel our way. Of course we'll have the coach-and-four out, at once. And I'll take the title of Emperor, as soon as we can safely hold an Election. But they'll hardly stand our using the Jewels, as long as they know the Warden's alive. We must spread a report of his death. A little Conspiracy—” “A Conspiracy!” cried the delighted lady, clapping her hands. “Of all things, I do like a Conspiracy! It's so interesting!” The Vice-Warden and the Chancellor interchanged a wink or two. “Let her conspire to her heart's content!” the cunning Chancellor whispered. “It'll do no harm!” “And when will the Conspiracy—” “Hist!', her husband hastily interrupted her, as the door opened, and Sylvie and Bruno came in, with their arms twined lovingly round each other—Bruno sobbing convulsively, with his face hidden on his sister's shoulder, and Sylvie more grave and quiet, but with tears streaming down her cheeks. “Mustn't cry like that!” the Vice-Warden said sharply, but without any effect on the weeping children. “Cheer 'em up a bit!” he hinted to my Lady. “Cake!” my Lady muttered to herself with great decision, crossing the room and opening a cupboard, from which she presently returned with two slices of plum-cake. “Eat, and don't cry!” were her short and simple orders: and the poor children sat down side by side, but seemed in no mood for eating. For the second time the door opened—or rather was burst open, this time, as Uggug rushed violently into the room, shouting “that old Beggars come again!” “He's not to have any food—” the Vice-warden was beginning, but the Chancellor interrupted him. “It's all right,” he said, in a low voice: “the servants have their orders.” “He's just under here,” said Uggug, who had gone to the window, and was looking down into the court-yard. “Where, my darling?” said his fond mother, flinging her arms round the neck of the little monster. All of us (except Sylvie and Bruno, who took no notice of what was going on) followed her to the window. The old Beggar looked up at us with hungry eyes. “Only a crust of bread, your Highness!” he pleaded. {Image...'Drink this!'} He was a fine old man, but looked sadly ill and worn. “A crust of bread is what I crave!” he repeated. “A single crust, and a little water!” “Here's some water, drink this!” Uggug bellowed, emptying a jug of water over his head. “Well done, my boy!” cried the Vice-Warden. “That's the way to settle such folk!” “Clever boy!”, the Wardeness chimed in. “Hasn't he good spirits?” “Take a stick to him!” shouted the Vice-Warden, as the old Beggar shook the water from his ragged cloak, and again gazed meekly upwards. “Take a red-hot poker to him!” my Lady again chimed in. Possibly there was no red-hot poker handy: but some sticks were forthcoming in a moment, and threatening faces surrounded the poor old wanderer, who waved them back with quiet dignity. “No need to break my old bones,” he said. “I am going. Not even a crust!” “Poor, poor old man!” exclaimed a little voice at my side, half choked with sobs. Bruno was at the window, trying to throw out his slice of plum-cake, but Sylvie held him back. “He shalt have my cake!” Bruno cried, passionately struggling out of Sylvie's arms. “Yes, yes, darling!” Sylvie gently pleaded. “But don't throw it out! He's gone away, don't you see? Let's go after him.” And she led him out of the room, unnoticed by the rest of the party, who were wholly absorbed in watching the old Beggar. The Conspirators returned to their seats, and continued their conversation in an undertone, so as not to be heard by Uggug, who was still standing at the window. “By the way, there was something about Bruno succeeding to the Wrardenship,” said my Lady. “How does that stand in the new Agreement?” The Chancellor chuckled. “Just the same, word for word,” he said, “with one exception, my Lady. Instead of 'Bruno,' I've taken the liberty to put in—” he dropped his voice to a whisper, “to put in 'Uggug,' you know!” “Uggug, indeed!” I exclaimed, in a burst of indignation I could no longer control. To bring out even that one word seemed a gigantic effort: but, the cry once uttered, all effort ceased at once: a sudden gust swept away the whole scene, and I found myself sitting up, staring at the young lady in the opposite corner of the carriage, who had now thrown back her veil, and was looking at me with an expression of amused surprise. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Lewis Carroll (1996). Sylvie and Bruno. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/620/pg620-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

A CUNNING CONSPIRACY

In the era of AI, tools like have become a go-to solution for many organizations, bringing improved efficiency and productivity. The data doesn’t lie: to draft emails, generate content, perform data analysis, and even assist in coding. ChatGPT odds are, you or your employees are using ChatGPT However, if not used properly, these tools could inadvertently expose your company’s intellectual property (IP) in future generative AI models such as GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and eventually GPT-5, meaning any ChatGPT user can access that information. Samsung Case in point: engineers used ChatGPT to assist with source code checking, but The Economist Korea reported three separate instances of Samsung employees . This led to confidential source code and recorded meeting contents ending up in the public domain, usable by future iterations of ChatGPT ( ). Samsung unintentionally leaking sensitive information via the tool Source Sure enough, OpenAI’s ChatGPT privacy policy is very clear: When you use our non-API consumer services ChatGPT or DALL-E, we may use the data you provide us to improve our models. How your data is used to improve model performance In this post, we’ll talk about the potential risks of using ChatGPT and OpenAI’s APIs with internal company data, and how you can reduce the risk for your company as much as possible. We’ll also discuss other options for your company, like training your own language model that replicates ChatGPT’s functionality or using an open source model. Both of these options offer avenues to get the productivity benefits of ChatGPT without sending data to OpenAI. Use OpenAI’s Completion APIs OpenAI’s Completion APIs are used by developers to create applications and use OpenAI’s state of the art language models like GPT-3 and GPT-4, the models that power ChatGPT. These APIs offer an additional level of protection out of the box. Unlike ChatGPT, your data is only viewed by a contracted moderation team and not recycled into future training of OpenAI’s models. Their APIs follow a data policy that doesn’t allow information submitted to be used for training future models (their states your data is only retained for 30 days for abuse and misuse monitoring. Then it’s removed.) API data usage policy However, depending on the nature of your data submitted to the API, you may decide that using OpenAI’s API is still too risky. Eventually, an OpenAI employee or contractor will look at some of the data you send to the API, and if it contains sensitive, personally identifiable, or personal health information, that could mean loads of trouble. Disable Chat History & Training At the end of April 2023, , a “Chat History & training” button in the ChatGPT settings. With this feature off, any data shared on the platform is not used to train future models. Below the button, there is a note: “Unsaved chats will be deleted from our systems within 30 days”. This 30 days note is likely referring to the abuse and misuse monitoring policy. This brings the same risks as using OpenAI’s APIs as noted above. ChatGPT released a way to manage your data Training your own model Some companies might consider training their own models as an alternative, following the path Samsung reportedly embarked on after their data leakage incident. This approach might seem like a silver bullet: you’d maintain full control over your data, avoid potential IP leaks, and gain a tool tailored to your specific needs. But let’s pause for a moment. Training your own language model is no small task. It’s resource-intensive, requiring significant expertise, computational power, and high-quality data. Even after developing a model, you’d face the continuous challenges of maintaining, improving, and adapting it to your evolving needs. Moreover, the quality of language models largely depends on the amount and diversity of data they’re trained on. Given the vast datasets used by companies like OpenAI to train their models, it’s challenging for individual companies to match that level of sophistication and versatility. The companies that do succeed are companies like Bloomberg, which created BloombergGPT from their 40 years of financial data and documents ( ). Sometimes, the data is just not attainable for small companies trying to get a leg up. Source Use open source or self-hosted models The state of the art of open-source models is advancing rapidly. An open-source model can be downloaded and run on your machine, making it self-hostable and eliminating the need for a company like OpenAI to be involved. Models trained by organizations like are producing remarkable results and are fully open source. Their community is actively collecting data to engage in the same reinforcement learning human feedback (RLHF) loop that OpenAI utilized with ChatGPT. The model’s performance is impressive, especially considering its reliance on the open source community (including my own contributions). However, Open Assistant is transparent about the , acknowledging that their data is biased towards a male, 26-year-old demographic. They only recommend using their model in research settings, demonstrating responsible behavior in disclosing these demographics. Kudos to Open Assistant! Open Assistant limitations of their model is a promising, unreleased open- source model trained by Microsoft. It is smaller than GPT-3, yet produces on par and sometimes better results than GPT-3. if you’re interested. However, you cannot use OpenAI’s models to train your own models, as this would constitute a violation of OpenAI’s Terms of Service. Orca is explicitly trained on outputs from GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, so Microsoft claims they will be releasing this model only for “research”. Orca There’s a great video by AI explained on Orca Both of these models are specifically designed for research purposes, making them unsuitable for business applications. After reviewing as alternatives, I found that most of them are either derived from Meta’s LLAMA model (thus subject to the same “research” limitations) or too large to run efficiently. other open-source models An encouraging option is to leverage a company such as to host your privately. MosaicML stands out as one of the few commercially available open-source language models. . While they do not provide specific benchmarks, I am inclined to trust their claim, as a friend and I began testing one of their smaller models (MPT-7b), and the initial results are promising! MosaicML inference They assert that their MPT-30b model achieves comparable quality to GPT-3 Conclusion Depending on the nature of your data and use cases, using ChatGPT or OpenAI’s API may be unsuitable for your company. If your company doesn’t have policies for what data can be sent or saved in ChatGPT, now is the time to start those conversations. Misuse of these tools in private business settings can lead to IP leakage. The implications of such exposure are massive, ranging from loss of competitive advantage to potential legal issues. If you are interested in further exploration of MosaicML’s models, which are among the limited options that are both open source and commercially available for large language models, ! We share the same interest and are excited to further explore this topic together. please let us know If you’re interested in a solution that offers secure, retrieval augmented generation using your own company data, we are developing a tool specifically designed to safeguard your data with SOC2 compliance, integrate with your SSO providers, enable conversation sharing within your organization, and enforce policies on data inputs. Our ultimate objective is to provide ChatGPT quality for your data without any risk of IP leakage. If you’re interested in such a tool, we encourage you to fill out our or visit . survey mindfuldataai.com Thank you for taking the time to read this post!

Can You Use OpenAI's ChatGPT Without Leaking Your Business's IP?

আপনি কি আপনার ব্যবসার আইপি ফাঁস না করে OpenAI এর ChatGPT ব্যবহার করতে পারেন?

Können Sie ChatGPT von OpenAI nutzen, ohne die IP Ihres Unternehmens preiszugeben?

¿Puede usar ChatGPT de OpenAI sin filtrar la IP de su empresa?

Pouvez-vous utiliser ChatGPT d'OpenAI sans divulguer l'IP de votre entreprise ?

क्या आप अपने व्यवसाय का आईपी लीक किए बिना ओपनएआई के चैटजीपीटी का उपयोग कर सकते हैं?

ビジネスの IP を漏らさずに OpenAI の ChatGPT を使用できますか?

귀하의 비즈니스 IP를 유출하지 않고 OpenAI의 ChatGPT를 사용할 수 있습니까?

Você pode usar o ChatGPT da OpenAI sem vazar o IP da sua empresa?

OpenAI'nin ChatGPT'sini İşletmenizin IP'sini Sızdırmadan Kullanabilir misiniz?

Bạn có thể sử dụng ChatGPT của OpenAI mà không làm rò rỉ IP của doanh nghiệp mình không?

您可以在不泄露企业 IP 的情况下使用 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 吗？

The 40 Under 40 Fueling Spain's Startup Economy

40 অনূর্ধ্ব 40 স্পেনের স্টার্টআপ অর্থনীতিতে জ্বালানি দিচ্ছে

Die 40 unter 40 treiben Spaniens Startup-Wirtschaft voran

Los 40 menores de 40 que impulsan la economía de las startups en España

Les 40 de moins de 40 ans alimentent l'économie des startups espagnoles

40 अंडर 40 स्पेन की स्टार्टअप अर्थव्यवस्था को बढ़ावा दे रहा है

スペインのスタートアップ経済を支える40歳未満の40人

스페인의 스타트업 경제를 촉진하는 40세 미만 40세

Os 40 abaixo dos 40 impulsionam a economia das startups na Espanha

40 Yaş Altı 40, İspanya'nın Startup Ekonomisini Güçlendiriyor

Nhóm 40 Under 40 thúc đẩy nền kinh tế khởi nghiệp của Tây Ban Nha

40 位 40 岁以下的人士推动了西班牙的创业经济

THE SLOE-WEEVIL

THE PINE PROCESSIONARY: THE STINGING POWER

Innovating Identity Verification: An Introduction to Proof of Personhood (PoP) Protocols

Let's learn about via these 51 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Bugs /Learn Repo It’s not a bug – it’s an undocumented feature. 1. How to Upload Source Maps to Sentry with Next.js Troubleshooting with source maps uploading to Sentry with Next.js 2. What You Should Have Asked Your Teachers About Underestimating Bullet Issues Bullet issues… Each IT project has tasks of this type. They are small, simple, but once you forget about them, something gets killed suddenly. 3. Android High Memory Pressure: How to Diagnose and Fix the Errors On lower-end devices things start to get messy if a running app is taking up more than its fair-share of memory. The result of this situation is memory pressure 4. The Noonification: Do Leaders Really Need Emotional Intelligence? (10/14/2022) 10/14/2022: Top 5 stories on the Hackernoon homepage! 5. Professional Debugging in Rails Debugging is as important as writing code, it can cause your program to crash or behave unexpectedly. Most of the time, debugging can be very stressful, especially when one doesn’t use the right tools to debug. 6. The 1990's Called, They Want Their Bug Reporting Process Back Software development has improved 100x since the internet was invented, but how people report bugs has not changed since the 1990s. 7. How HotelTonight Prioritizes Finding and Fixing Critical Bugs While Maintaining a 1% Error Budget The stability score in particular has made it possible for their team to measure their application’s stability & maintain their team’s error budget of 1% error. 8. Unlocking Bugsnag's Power Features: Gain Precision and Reduce Noise How to efficiently monitor app health and stability, as well as identify root causes of bugs 9. How to Achieve Effective and Efficient Bug Triage In this section, we're going to dig into several Bugsnag features that help to answer those questions and solve those problems. 10. Bugged: A Thrilling Tale of Tech Troubles and Triumph When a strange bug starts causing problems in her mobile app, a determined developer sets out to fix it at all costs. 11. The Art of Debugging How to debug your code 12. The Commonalities Between Locating Bugs and Crime Solving A year ago, I got an offer for the role of QA Manual Engineer at inDriver. But before that, I spent seven years investigating criminal cases. 13. 3 Web Design Factors to Ponder Before Starting an E-commerce Venture Developing a website for an e-commerce venture is a process that needs to be done with deft care. Starting a website is easy, but to maintain it is the real deal. That's why you need to start the process with all the precautions and preparation as anything can go wrong. Web design and development is very difficult and can look impossible to perfect, especially for the newcomers. 14. Follow These Tips If Your Android Apps Keep Crashing There are several factors to cause apps to crash on your Android smartphones. Sometimes one or several bugs are responsible for crashing the apps. 15. Debugging Simple Arrow Functions More Efficiently Let's say we have the function below. 16. Explore Error Monitoring and Stability Management for Flutter Applications with Bugsnag Explore Error Monitoring and Stability Management for Flutter Applications 17. Counting The Cost of Software Bugs According to a study from 2016, software failures cost the worldwide economy $1.7 trillion! 18. How to Debug Streams and Collections Java 8 streams improved code readability they also provide great debugging opportunities. There are amazing tools for inspecting collections & arrays. 19. Bug Bounties: Battling Zero Day Vulnerabilities In the midst of the bear market and regular hacks, it seems like barely a week goes by without a headline declaring ‘crypto chaos’ and the end of web3. 20. Most Software Bugs Are Not From Lack of Knowledge Software culture with respect to errors seems to be "if you just". Errors are blamed on lack of knowledge. To progress as an industry we need to change that. 21. Common Mistakes in Bug Reports and How to Fix Them Common mistakes in bug reports. 22. Let's Stop Calling them 'Bugs' - Software Quality is Our Responsibility The term Bug sounds like an excuse out of our scope infecting our systems. It is not. Software quality is under our control. It is our responsibility to deliver 23. Fine-tune Your Product In No Time Being experts in the IT industry, we at QAWERK know about the importance of testing and want to share this knowledge as we believe high-quality software is the key to success. 24. How to Fix Error CS0246: "Type or namespace not found" in .NET Core Diving into error CS0246 - type or namespace could not be found, what it means, why it happens, and how to solve it. 25. How Should You Estimate Bugs? Countless hours have been spent by teams all over the world debating over this. But really, should you? 26. Financial Damage Caused by Software Bugs The damage caused by software bugs is undermined. Here's a look at the issue of technical debt caused by bugs, with example cases. 27. One of These Fonts is Not Like the Other This Slogging thread by David and richard-kubina occurred in hackernoon's official #techsupport channel, and has been edited for readability. 28. The Ultimate Guide to Product Bugs:  Part 1 Most bugs arise from mistakes and errors made in either a program’s design or its source code, or in components and operating systems used by such programs. 29. Why is Code Ownership Important to Application Bugs Fixing? Why is Code Ownership Important to Application Bugs Fixing? 30. What if Malware isn’t Slowing Down Your Games? Most experienced gamers realize that many different kinds of malware can slow down their games. 31. What We've Learnt From 3000 Bug Reports When do people report bugs? You probably never asked yourself that question, which was one of the reasons we wanted to answer it. The second reason was that we had the right type of data available, since our tool helps teams report and fix bugs. Long story short, we decided to learn more about the way software development teams approach the bug reporting process. For that exercise we've taken a random sample of 3000 bug recordings uploaded to our database in the last 2 months. Here's what we found. 32. How Application Stability Management Affects Developer Productivity See how Application Stability Management (ASM) drives developer productivity and smooths the user experience. 33. The Ultimate Guide to Product Bugs [Part 3] This is Part 3 of a comprehensive guide to product bugs. This part of the guide focuses on product bug reports. It provides templates and examples that you can take and apply straight away. Then, through the reports, you’ll see various ways of presenting information so that you and your stakeholders can make good decisions about bugs. 34. "We Don't Expect Software to Work Any Longer": A Non-trivial Interview with Natallia Shauchenka To kick off this interview, can you tell us what companies you have worked for? 35. Mobile App Debugging: Localizing Defects and Making Bug Reports Mobile app debugging requires the creation of bug reporting. In this article, I'll describe how to localize mobile app defects and create mobile app bug reports 36. Y2K22: The Problem that Caused Millions of Emails Worldwide to go Undelivered The Y2K22 Bug is the consequence o very bad software design 37. Pro Tips For Crowdsourced Penetration Testing Bug bounties, crowd-sourced penetration tests are increasingly becoming popular. See the top six tips for participating in a bug bounty program. 38. Use Automation to Streamline Debugging in Multi-Team Apps Use Automation to Streamline Debugging in Multi-Team Apps 39. Removing Bugs in Git When you are working on a huge project, you may discover bugs in the code that prevent you from proceeding any further in your development. How to fix them? 40. Canaries to the Rescue: Catching Service Issues Before the End User In this post, you'll learn the concept of canaries, example code, best practices, and other considerations, including both maintenance and financial costs. 41. The Ultimate Guide to Product Bugs [Part 2] This is Part 2 of a comprehensive guide to product bugs. Part 1 explored what product bugs are, why they occur, where they come from, and why they do and don’t matter. Part 2 focuses on how to manage product bugs. 42. Top 10 Bugs Found in C++ Projects in 2020 Top 10 Bugs Found in C++ Projects.
Modulo division by one
delete instead of delete[]
Buffer overflow
Meaningless overflow protection 43. Debug User Complaints Better by Logging Errors in Support Requests Customer support requests can be ambiguous and frustrating. Here's how to create more visibility into problems affecting your users. 44. Top 10 C++ Open Source Project Bugs Found in 2019 Another year is drawing to an end, and it's a perfect time to make yourself a cup of coffee and reread the reviews of bugs collected across open-source projects over this year. This would take quite a while, of course, so we prepared this article to make it easier for you. Today we'll be recalling the most interesting dark spots that we came across in open-source C/C++ projects in 2019. 45. Spotlight on the Server-Side: A Guide to SSRF Vulnerabilities Server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities can lead to total system compromise. Discover where they’re common, examples, and prevention tips. 46. Introduction to Git Bisect: Find Commits that Introduced a Bug The Git Bisect command uses a binary search algorithm to find which commit in your project’s history introduced a bug. 47. Fixing Code Errors in Amnesia: The Dark Descent Just before the release of the "Amnesia: Rebirth" game, the vendor "Fractional Games" opened the source code of the legendary "Amnesia: The Dark Descent" and its sequel "Amnesia: A Machine For Pigs". Why not use the static analysis tool to see what dreadful mistakes are hidden in the inside of these cult horror games? 48. Bugs from the 90's: The Code of Command and Conquer [Volume 2] The American company Electronic Arts Inc (EA) has opened the source code of the games Command & Conquer: Tiberian Dawn and Command & Conquer: Red Alert publicly available. Several dozen errors were detected in the source code using the PVS-Studio analyzer, so, please, welcome the continuation of found defects review. 49. What Are the Best Practices for Triaging Software Bugs If your app, or your game, or your web service isn't working perfectly for every interaction, then it's time to think about bug triaging. 50. Bugs From the 90's: The Code of the Command & Conquer Game The American company Electronic Arts Inc (EA) has made the source code of the games Command & Conquer: Tiberian Dawn and Command & Conquer: Red Alert publicly available. This code should help the game community to develop mods and maps, create custom units, and customize the gameplay logic. We all now have a unique opportunity to plunge into the history of development, which is very different from the modern one. 51. How to Develop a Bug Triage Process Efficiently You're going to need to find a way to incorporate bug triage practices into your overall engineering process. So let's talk about some ways to accomplish that. Thank you for checking out the 51 most read stories about Bugs on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

51 Stories To Learn About Bugs

As an open-source enthusiast, I am always interested in the functioning of the open-source ecosystem and the public distribution of software. I recently attended MumbaiFOSS, a conference organized by FOSS United and FOSSEE to promote Free and Open Source Software in Mumbai. The FOSSMumbai conference happened yesterday on the 11th of March 2023, at IIT Bombay. In this blog, I share my experiences and takeaways from the conference, including informative talks on building reliable APIs, digital personal data protection, public policies, and the importance of open-source beyond just yearly programs and swag. About MumbaiFOSS is a collective effort of FOSS United and FOSSEE to revive the spirit of Free and Open source software in Mumbai. MumbaiFOSS is a non-profit foundation that promotes a ecosystem in India. It offers funding and grants to FOSS projects, organizes events to empower open-source developers, and hosts a not-for-profit learning platform . FOSS United Free and Open Source Software Mon School The , or simply , is a project pioneered in IIT Bombay that promotes using Free and Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) in academics and research. It conducts a plethora of activities to improve education and research quality. Free/Libre and Open Source Software for Education FOSSEE Foss United partnered with FOSSEE to bring together developers, policymakers, and open-source enthusiasts for a conference. MumbaiFOSS was about FOSS (of course!), its issues and trends, and FOSS policies. This was a complete package of happiness for someone who has just scratched the surface of the open-source monolith. Prologue My two college mates accompanied me, coincidentally having the same name - Pratik. The journey from the main gate to the VMCC auditorium felt like a lifetime, but we arrived on time. We were welcomed with a yummy breakfast until the conference started. I expected at least 100 people to be present, but to my surprise, the numbers were relatively low, though satisfactory. Traveling in Mumbai on early morning weekends has the power to change people's desires. The Conference, in Brief Vishal Arya, the swiss army knife of FOSS United, and Riya Mathew, community manager of FOSS United, made the opening note. They told us the story behind FOSS United, the purpose of MumbaiFOSS, and their journey from the beginning. Before the opening note, Prof. Kannan Moudgalaya of IIT Bombay gave an overview of FOSSEE, Spoken tutorials, and projects FOSSEE promotes. Apart from this, we had nine talks, one-panel discussion, and one open discussion throughout the day. From informative talks on building reliable APIs and digital personal data protection to a fireside chat on tech policy, this conference offered a complete package of happiness for anyone interested in the open-source monolith. Read on to discover more about MumbaiFOSS and the importance of open-source beyond just yearly programs and swag. Building Reliable APIs with Apache APISIX by Navendu Pottekkat by Ravi Dwivedi and Arun Mathai Prav: a community-owned chat app by Sumanto Kar and Nagesh Karmali eSim developed by FOSSEE by Amogh Lele Demystifying WebRTC by Ashish Sahni Data Fabric by Poruri Sai Rahul Let's discuss the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 by Bhavesh Bhatt Transforming Web Apps with Machine Learning by Venkatesh Hariharan FOSS United's Public Policy Initiatives by Kaustubh Maske Patil Self Hosting 101 - Reasons to self-host and nifty tools - a panel discussion between Vaishnavi, Manish, Saurav, Ashish, Dhiraj, Rohit, and Anas Khan Open Source: Supporting, Contributing, and Evangelising by Kailash Nadh and Venkatesh Hariharan Fireside chat: Why engineers should care about tech policy? Venky's talk on FOSS United's Public Policy Initiatives was my favorite. Hearing him talk about his experience, with interesting stories and analogies, was indeed insightful. Fireside Chat This was the main event of the conference. It was a half an hour discussion between Kailash Nadh, Rishabh Rushabh Mehta, and Venkatesh Hariharan. The discussion was mainly focused on new tech policies and our stand on them. How tech policies are changing, why we should care about it, how politicians and political agendas shape these policies, and how we can take steps towards making an impact were a few things that were discussed. It's important to have more technologists involved in public policies than lawyers. And, I Met Kailash Nadh! Kailash Nadh has been CTO of Zerodha since 2013. I was fascinated when I read that Zerodha's engineering team only comprises 33 people, and nobody has left the team in all these years for better opportunities. Damn, I was excited to meet this man! As everybody started leaving the auditorium after the conference, I saw him talking to Rushabh and a few team members. I went there and asked him for a photo together, and he gently agreed. I couldn't stop but express my admiration towards his work at Zerodha and how much I admire his startup. He thanked me, and I went on cloud nine. Afterthoughts Open source is a lot more than I used to think. It is beyond a few yearly open-source programs, goodies/swags, and adding certificates on LinkedIn. It is beyond contributing to projects backed by large corporations and projects that enhance developer/web experience. It is also about being free from proprietary software, empowering and encouraging the government and societies to use FOSS, reaching more students, educating them, and many more. MumbaiFOSS was the first conference I attended. And it was absolutely fantastic! Everything was planned and managed so well that I couldn't find any issues to rant on. And the food was tasty, too! Kudos to the operations and management team for pulling it off so well. Epilogue I plan to attend more such conferences. I searched for some while going back home, and I might go there if everything aligns well. Of course, I will update you all! I am most active on , where I post such updates. Twitter You can also subscribe to my E-mail newsletter to have my next blog in your inbox! Until then, keep contributing! 🌿 Also published here

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