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Most organizations don't have the resources to focus on reducing cloud spend

International Business Machines Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, provides integrated solutions and services worldwide. The company operates through four business segments: Software, Consulting, Infrastructure, and Financing. The Software segment offers hybrid cloud platform and software solutions; software for business automation, AIOps and management, integration, and application servers; data and artificial intelligence solutions; and security software and services for threat, data, and identity. This segment also provides transaction processing software that supports clients' mission-critical and on-premise workloads in banking, airlines, and retail industries. The Consulting segment offers business transformation services, including strategy, business process design and operations, data and analytics, and system integration services; technology consulting services; and application and cloud platform services. The Infrastructure segment provides on-premises and cloud-based server and storage solutions for its clients' mission-critical and regulated workloads; and support services and solutions for hybrid cloud infrastructure, as well as remanufacturing and remarketing services for used equipment. The Financing segment offers lease, installment payment, loan financing, and short-term working capital financing services. The company has collaboration agreement with Siemens Digital Industri Software to develop a combined software solution. The company was formerly known as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. International Business Machines Corporation was incorporated in 1911 and is headquartered in Armonk, New York.

nOps

In a recent survey, 47% of organizations mentioned potential cost savings as the primary reason for adopting the cloud. With infrastructure-related expenses accounting for , it’s easy to see why firms are migrating their infrastructural needs to the cloud in droves. Along with the scalability and flexibility advantages, it comes with, a cloud-native architecture mostly allows companies to eliminate current and future on-site infrastructure expenses. over 30% of most companies’ budgets While they might experience significant cost savings initially, many companies quickly struggle with spiraling cloud spend as they launch more resources. In fact, 61% of surveyed companies consider cost optimizing existing cloud setups as their topmost priority. What might be the cause of this phenomenon? The simple answer is that many companies are simply not implementing essential best practices that will help them reduce cloud waste and give them back control over their cloud. 1. Establish A Cloud Center Of Excellence (CCoE) Many organizations are quick to provision new cloud resources to meet their migration deadlines without paying attention to critical principles that will help them maintain and optimize their cloud workloads over time. Building a CCOE is the first step to setting up successful cloud financial management. An organization’s CCOE team consisting of key stakeholders is saddled with enforcing operational accountability across all departments. They must also ensure the proper implementation of company-wide cloud policies. To be successful in their mission of accelerating their cloud adoption goals, the CCOE team must be equipped with tools that provide detailed insights on various departments’ specific workloads. 2. Gain Visibility Visibility is one of the first things organizations lose as they ramp up their cloud infrastructure without a solid cloud strategy. Provisioning workloads without complete visibility into your cloud environment is akin to throwing darts in the dark. Gaining visibility involves being aware of changes to your resources and configuration setups. You should be able to track changes down to a user, resource, event, or workload. It also involves being notified of events as they occur. All these and more will help you make more precise cost management strategies that will keep your cloud secure and cost-effective now and in the future. Using a cloud management platform like nOps that provides you a 360 degree, granular, Single pane of glass view of your cloud resources will help you stop making wild guesses. 3. Reduce Cloud Waste About 30% of organizations' cloud budgets are estimated to be wasted. Setting up a CCOE and gaining complete visibility will empower organizations to combat waste by taking like: decisive cost optimization strategies Rightsizing underutilized and overprovisioned resources. Eliminating unused resources. Taking advantage of and Reserved Instances’ pricing where necessary. Spot It’s also important to use advanced billing anomalies detection systems like nOps that can warn you of potential money-draining activities and help you eliminate bill shocks. 4. Continuous Automated Monitoring Setting up an organizational strategy that implements the tips mentioned earlier is a good step in the right direction. However, not implementing a continuous monitoring system can render your plan useless. To accrue maximum business value, your goal should be to run cost-optimized public cloud workloads and stay that way into the foreseeable future. An excellent way to accomplish this lofty goal is by leveraging an automated platform that continuously scans your infrastructure for cost-saving opportunities to optimize your resource utilization and improve your infrastructure health. Such a platform should also continuously identify gaps in your infrastructure’s compliance with established Well-Architected best practices and provide appropriate recommendations. Conclusion Implementing these tips will help you stop racking up unnecessary cloud costs and get more out of your provisioned cloud resources. However, performing all these steps can be incredibly difficult without a tool that can provide you with detailed, actionable insights into your workloads. nOps is the first CloudOps platform designed to sync revenue growth across your teams. Our comprehensive suite of tools is purpose-built to support your cloud compliance with cost optimization best practices. We also provide you with in-depth cost insights that will help you enforce operational accountability across your organization.

4 Tips for Better Cloud Cost Optimization

Greetings to the readers. I suppose if you're reading this article, you're in some way connected to cryptocurrencies. Or have heard of Ledger. I hope this article will help you stay safe. After all, Ledger itself isn't concerned about the security of its users' crypto assets. I will describe my situation, how I lost 100K USDT thanks to the uniquely secure Ledger Live app (the official mobile application). “The smartest way to secure your crypto” - proclaims the slogan on their official website. “Trusted by over 6 million customers” - and a significant number of users for the crypto sphere." I can't judge how secure the wallet itself is. I use the Ledger Nano X. And if their website is to be believed, it's the most popular wallet in their arsenal. So, let's get started. As it happened, the incident occurred just a few days after the hacking of their Ledger Kit. Not surprisingly, since security is far from their top priority. But my story is about their Ledger Live - “The companion crypto app for your Ledger devices”. The only question is, is it a companion for users or rather for hackers? The thing is, I needed to transfer 140K USDT to one of my addresses. I decided to do it in two stages: first, I transferred 40K, and then I planned to transfer the remaining 100K. To my surprise, the 100K USDT transaction did not go through and was stuck in the app with the yellow status 'Sending' -100,000 USDT. My first thought was, 'Maybe there's not enough TRX to pay the transaction fee,' since every transaction in Ledger Live is accompanied by the annoying message 'Energy is lower than necessary. You might pay up to 50 TRX in fees.' This so-called Energy is earned through staking TRX. Fee payments in the Tron network can be made by either using this energy or the TRX token. Why the user constantly needs to see information about energy when they plan to use TRX for gas payment is unclear. But that's beside the point. Next, I topped up my TRX, went back in, and then I made my fatal mistake. Of course, if the creators really cared about security, they would have made a number of changes to the app, which I will write about later. I clicked on the transaction that was stuck with the status 'Sending' and an amount of -100,000 USDT. Who would have thought that such a transaction in my personal account - was actually not mine? Naturally, I saw the beginning and end of the address matching mine, but I didn't check the middle of the address. 'It's in my personal account, with the status Sending,' I thought. And at the same time, it occurred to me, 'Aren't there viruses that swap out data from the clipboard?' I compared the copied address with the one I pasted - all good. Only, I didn't know that scam transactions to my wallet could be displayed in my personal account. Especially with the status 'Sending'. And as you might guess, friends, I confirmed the transaction and gifted some hacker 100K USDT. Within seconds, they were already gone through a mixer. My desired withdrawal address: TKnjLgWCY5200001tKDZSLREpD1mTdFaaX (I replaced the middle with zeros just in case) Scam address: TKhgUSUVSkABHKdDiJkDLVhbKTxqTdFaaX TX id: 5c5cbe5c30bc3a04df9b13cf5328e1e92b6c06af77d368c6718878972be4bdf5 Ledger, being so considerate, not only displays scam transactions but also helps to effortlessly copy addresses from the history. Just a couple of hours later, the transaction header 'Sending' and -100,000 USDT disappeared. The transaction became a dummy. A very interesting case. Points So, what's the point of this article? There are many fraudsters in the world, and in the crypto sphere, their number is countless. It's a paradise for hackers, scammers, thieves. I consider Ledger itself to be an irresponsible company. And now I understand why many, after using Ledger, refuse to use it. There are plenty of videos on the internet of people throwing it in the trash. And as you can understand, such cases happen to people often enough. Could Ledger take steps to eliminate these security flaws? Of course. But for some reason, they don't. Perhaps it's not profitable for them? Why don't they take the following steps: 1. Remove the ability to copy addresses from transaction history (the most basic method). 2. Add address filtering. 3. Highlight scam transactions (as many explorers and services do). 4. Add a list of approved addresses (where the user adds 'White addresses' similar to exchanges and other platforms. When sending to an address outside this list, a confirmation window should appear, where the address is written in large font, stating that 'The address is not on your list of approved addresses', and it is recommended to recheck thoroughly. 5. For frequent interactions with the same address - add it to the list of frequently used addresses. Instead, they have plenty of advertising in the app about various staking variations, their referral systems, and more. Ledger Support call this 'Address Poisoning' (address poisoning). It's a very popular thing. , which was last updated in August 2023. Nearly 5 months have passed since then, and the company has not taken any steps towards eliminating vulnerabilities. Here is a link to their article , where their Software Architect describes the process of Address Poisoning. But it states that attackers use Transfer tokens with a zero amount from people's addresses. Supposedly, Ledger is constantly improving its system of countermeasures. But in my case, the transfer was not zero at all. It was exactly matching the amount of the transfer. Here is another article of theirs Of course, in their response letter, support attached a link to . Naturally, it contains a disclaimer from the company's side, as well as shifting all responsibility to the user. So if in the Ledger Live app you get their window saying 'Here's your address for sending funds', where the company inserts its own address for sending funds - it's your and only your responsibility that you didn't double-check. No matter what is written in the app. the user agreement I consider my case to be absolutely analogous - a scam transaction in the app was marked: with a Pending status, matching transaction amount - 100,000 USDT. The vast majority of users would consider this transaction as sent from their address and think that it is in the queue for execution (or failed to execute). And finally. What widespread distribution of the product can we talk about? In their opinion, everyone who uses it knows or should know about Address Poisoning. I hope that after my article, you will stop using Ledger. And if you were just considering it, you will abandon this idea. Take mobile banking as an example. If you choose someone from your contact list and transfer money to them - can there be a situation where the bank's app shows someone else's details with those credentials? I plan to sue the company and file a complaint with regulatory authorities. Such lawlessness should not exist. Either they should care about the security of their financial application - or they should pay fines and go away to play in the sandbox. Thank you for reading! Be careful and cautious when sending transactions. And make choices in favor of those services and companies that are interested in the security of their service and work for the benefit of clients. P.S.: For me, Ledger is an example of a company that is completely irresponsible and turns a blind eye to such problems. Constant hacking of their services and losses of clients (Ledger Kit). My goal is to spread this case to the widest possible audience so that everyone learns about the company's attitude towards its customers.

Ledger: A Tool for Unsafe Storage and Transfer of Currencies (Or How to Lose Money With It)

খাতা: অনিরাপদ সঞ্চয়স্থান এবং মুদ্রা স্থানান্তরের জন্য একটি টুল (বা কীভাবে এটি দিয়ে অর্থ হারাতে হয়)

Ledger: Ein Tool zur unsicheren Speicherung und Übertragung von Währungen (oder wie man damit Geld verliert)

Libro mayor: una herramienta para el almacenamiento y transferencia inseguros de monedas (o cómo perder dinero con ella)

Ledger : un outil pour le stockage et le transfert dangereux de devises (ou comment perdre de l'argent avec)

लेजर: मुद्राओं के असुरक्षित भंडारण और हस्तांतरण के लिए एक उपकरण (या इसके साथ पैसे कैसे खोएं)

元帳: 安全でない通貨の保管と転送のためのツール (または元帳を使用してお金を失う方法)

원장: 안전하지 않은 통화 보관 및 이체를 위한 도구(또는 이로 인해 돈을 잃는 방법)

Ledger: uma ferramenta para armazenamento e transferência insegura de moedas (ou como perder dinheiro com ele)

Ledger: инструмент для небезопасного хранения и передачи валют (или как с ним потерять деньги)

Defter: Para Birimlerinin Güvensiz Saklanması ve Transferi İçin Bir Araç (Ya da Bununla Nasıl Para Kaybedilir)

Sổ cái: Công cụ lưu trữ và chuyển tiền không an toàn (Hoặc cách mất tiền với nó)

账本：一种不安全的货币存储和转移工具（或者如何利用它赔钱）

Let's learn about via these 57 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Cloud Storage /Learn Repo 1. Top 10 Javascript File Managers to Use in 2022 A brief intro to 10 file managers for software developers 2. Can Blockchain Fix Enterprise Cloud Computing? As cloud waste increases, businesses are looking for a silver lining. 3. How to Get Unlimited Cloud Storage on Telegram App Unlimited cloud storage for storing photos, videos, and files using the Telegram App. The best alternative to Google Drive and Google Photos. 4. 6 Reasons to Use Amazon Redshift A quick guide to Amazon Redshift's benefits and use cases. Learn why your team might want to make the SHIFT to Amazon Redshift. 5. 4 Privacy Focused Raspberry Pi Projects 4 do it yourself projects with a Raspberry Pi for the privacy minded user 6. The Best Options to Store Data and Keep it Safe Forever As technology evolved the options for storing the large amount of data have also changed. In this article we've discussed the terms Archiving and Backups. 7. How to Keep Your Data More Secure in 2022 🔒 Encrypting online data with Cryptomator before uploading to cloud storage services in 2022. How to protect sensitive online data with file encryption by Louis M 8. The Data Table Format Wars Databricks, Hudi and Iceberg are all struggling for dominance as the table format for the Data Lakehouse. Let's look at what they can do. 9. Research Suggests That a Hard Brexit Could Lead to Significant Confusion within the UK Cloud Market An inquiry into public opinion suggests that fear and confusion could push sensitive personal data out of the country. 10. The Benefits of Amazon S3 Explained Through a Comic AWS S3 is one of the most fundamental services of AWS Cloud. 11. Why Home Media Servers Are Worth Your Time Files are getting larger and space for your favorite content can be at a premium. Getting your own server can make storing data so much easier. 12. Books vs. Servers: Where Should We Store All of the Human Knowledge? We are used to storing our information in the cloud, which has clear benefits over paper databases and books. What is the best place to keep human knowledge? 13. The Carbon Footprint of Storing Data We collect things and, as long as we attribute value to these things, we want to preserve them. The digital age has changed the way we keep things. To be completely exact, these are not 'things' anymore. We name them data. 14. Join us in Our Efforts to Reduce Cloud Waste by $100 Million in 2021 We aren’t putting enough of a spotlight on the environmental impact of the cloud. Cloud usage and spend are skyrocketing as more companies invest in the critical infrastructure that drives digital transformation and supports integral parts of a business. 15. 6 Trends to Follow to Improve Your Cloud Strategy in 2022 The cloud strategy is changing the way we work, and it's not just about the technology but how companies are managing their data.. 16. Transfer Big Data Across Cloud Platforms With Ease With Big Data and the rise of more affordable object storage such as; Wasabi Cloud Storage and Backblaze B2, the need to move large amounts of data from the big three cloud providers is trending. But how do you do it? Often it is is near impossible, or extremely hard to break up with someone like Jeff Bezos and go somewhere with cheaper rates. 17. Cloud-based Apps are Essential for Remote Work Times have changed and the global IT domain has now shifted to a BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) model wherein employees are encouraged to bring their own devices to the office and stay connected. The biggest enabler in this has been the apps based on the cloud that can be accessed from any location- all you need is internet access. 18. 6 Cloud Migration Benefits for Businesses Cloud migration benefits the application by opening a new horizon for high-level architecture applications that capture and process data in real-time. A smooth cloud migration experience and hassle-free post-migration efficiency are assured by properly implemented cloud migration strategies. 19. How to Implement Cloud APIs: Google Drive API, Dropbox API, and OneDrive API Practical application of Cloud APIs such as Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive can be tricky. To simplify, we described the integration process step-by-step. 20. How Does Cloud Storage Work? Cloud storage is the technology that allows users and companies to store, maintain and access data on highly available servers via the internet. 21. Introduction To AWS Lake Formation What does it mean for your organization? Amazon Web Services (AWS) recently announced, among many other important updates, the release of the new service “AWS Lake Formation” at the AWS re:Invent in Las Vegas. This article provides a brief explanation of what the service does. Furthermore, it explains why it can be important for your organization. 22. How I Created The COVID -19 Supermarket Waiting Times App That Was Used Worldwide The project that I am presenting to you was created primarily for personal use and then, by word of mouth, it was used worldwide (geographically). 23. Decentralized Cloud Storage: Why the Need For It? What is decentralized cloud storage? And why even use it at all? 24. Why You Should Think About Switching To The Cloud Hosting today Cloud computing has become essential for most homes and businesses, and it has been critical in reducing social upheaval and economic devastation. 25. Reviewing the Eight Leading Global Cloud Providers in India The cloud storage industry is growing exponentially in India as there is tremendous growth in the country's Information and Technology sector. This has lead to many businesses adopting the use of technology, including cloud storage. 26. Build a Private Cloud Storage Service on the Blockchain 27. Storage Services Provided By Amazon Web Services Storage may be a large part of every enterprise architecture. 28. 9 Dropbox Alternatives for Evidence Management in Law Enforcement For evidence management and storage, there are multiple alternatives to Dropbox available which can save time and be customized for your specific needs. 29. The Best Cloud Computing Programming Languages To Learn Learning cloud programming is the need of the hour in this era of technology.  Here is the list of the best cloud computing programming languages. 30. Decentralized Cloud Storage is changing the face of the internet (1/2) (Read Part 2 here) 31. Top 5 Reasons Why Companies are Moving to the Cloud Cloud has introduced some new business capabilities through cost-effectiveness or accessibility, as a company you don't want to miss the opportunity. 32. Best Way to Maintain HIPAA Compliance in Cloud We have shared some tips and ways how organizations looking to migrate their data to the cloud can maintain HIPAA Compliance. 33. SAP S/4HANA: A Poem The versions of predictive things that
the ecosystem's intelligent capabilities
are NOW able to efficiently do with it are limitless. 34. Azure Hack: Use AzCopy on Azure Cloud Shell to Upload Large Files to Storage Accounts A little backstory, I ran into an interesting problem today I needed to get a 40GB Virtual Machine Image to a storage account in Azure so i could create a Virtual Machine from it. 35. What Does Filecoin Seek To Achieve? Filecoin is a novel distributed network protocol that enables a global, decentralized marketplace for data storage. 36. How to Add Business Context to Every Dollar of Your AWS Bill In this blog post, I will walk you through the process of how we use nOps to add a business context to our AWS bill. 37. What is Zero-Knowledge Proof ? Let’s explain exactly what that term means in one sentence: 38. 5 Technology Trends For Construction In 2020 The construction space has always been behind in adopting technological advancements. Why? I'm not too sure either. These technologies I'm sharing may or may not seem new to you but recently, they are rapidly being adopted in construction. 39. How Adopting Serverless is a Competitive Advantage for Your Business How could serverless help move your business faster and outpace competitors? With serverless, you don't need to worry about anything except your code. 40. "We plan to establish the first IPFS node on Mars" - says Filecoin Miner Neo Ge As Filecoin gears up for launch, miners across the globe have been participating in Space Race, competing to onboard as much storage as possible to the testnet. 41. Choosing between Object Storage and Block Storage for Security Block Storage and object storage have different use-cases. We won’t categorically state which one is better as the answer depends on your project’s particulars. What we will do in this article is compare these two storage options in terms of how secure your data is in either of them. 42. Cloud Computing is Replete with Clouded Judgements #BreakTheChain We are banking online, shopping online, using social networking sites, playing online games, storing photos, audio, and video online and using online file-sharing. And mostly all those services are cloud-based. For example, such famous platforms as Airbnb, PayPal, Zynga, Spotify and Adobe Systems are “cloudy”. 43. What are the Best Options to Store Data and Keep it Safe Forever? This article will go over the most effective, economical and long-lasting methods for storing our data. 44. How CloudCover Helped Genflix Migrate VOD Media Workflow To AWS Overview 45. How to Make Your Own and Free Backup Application In our age of rapidly developing technologies, data loss can be a disaster not only for large corporations, but also for the average user, showcasing the immense importance of backup and data recovery in today’s data driven world. 46. NAS Data Backup Is Essential For Remote Offices Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a smart, dedicated data storage system that connects to storage drives, allowing multiple users to collaborate and share data. 47. Amazon Web Services: A Beginner Friendly Overview As a web developer, I’ve had a lot of experience with Amazon Web Services. I never had the opportunity to thoroughly investigate its goods or gain a thorough understanding of AWS capabilities. The following guide will provide you a quick overview of AWS products. 48. The Numbers Are In: Cloud Solutions are Driving and Accelerating Digitalization What we, as a society, are experiencing today because of this pandemic is profoundly unique to our generation. 49. Why Should Your Business Adopt Cloud-Based IT Solutions? Data storage and access have long been a concern for businesses. A ton of data is created daily, and efficient storage is a must to keep track of everything. 50. How To Offload WordPress Media Files To Cloud And Increase Loading Speed If your website is hosted on a regular web hosting service, you already know that over time, your site gradually slows down. 51. Kubernetes Terraforming on Linode: Linode + Terraform + Kubernetes = Cloud Nirvana Let's discuss the process of "Terraforming" a Kubernetes cluster on Linode using Terraform to help organizations efficiently manage and scale  infrastructure. 52. The Future Of Email on The Blockchain Launches An IEO To Accelerate Its Development SafePost, the innovative and secure solution alternative to traditional emails and document storage (a market of more than $ 200 billion / year with more than 3.5 billion users), will hold its first-ever Initial Exchange Offering (IEO) through the P2PB2B launchpad from March
16th to April 19th, 2020. 53. Don’t Fear The Cloud When it Comes to Data Integration Data loading speed, cloud applications, data security fears, and added costs & efforts are some of the reasons why businesses fear data integration. 54. Decentralized Cloud Storage is changing the face of the internet (2/2) (Read Part 1 here) 55. How To Implement localStorage or Firebase Firestore into your JS project I am a great reader, I love books and I try to read as much as I can, no matter the topic, whatever, fantasy, comedy, sci-fi, educational...Books take me to another world, they make me feel, make me think, make me relax and make me disconnect from the day by day schedule. I cannot live without them. 56. How To Optimize Large S3 API Costs using Alluxio This is a guest blog contributed by datasapiens’ Juraj Pohanka, Koen Michiels and Sam Gilbert. This article described how engineers at datasapiens brought down S3 API costs by 200x by implementing Alluxio as a data orchestration layer between S3 and Presto. 57. The Complete Beginners Guide to AWS S3 In this tutorial, we'll get to learn how to use the AWS S3. First, learn what is S3, the core parts of S3 that are the Buckets, Access Point, and Objects. Thank you for checking out the 57 most read stories about Cloud Storage on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

57 Stories To Learn About Cloud Storage

101 Stories To Learn About Cloud Infrastructure

341 Stories To Learn About Cloud

93 Stories To Learn About Aws Services

96 Stories To Learn About Amazon Web Services

An essential component of the online store is the shopping cart. It might also be among the hardest components to create for an eCommerce website. Customers can choose things, evaluate their choices, edit them, add more items if necessary, and then buy the items using a shopping cart. During checkout, the program normally produces an order total that takes into account postage, packing, and handling fees as well as taxes, if applicable. In the case of nopCommerce, a shopping cart, as well as a wishlist is built-in. If enabled in the admin area, each product can be put into the shopping cart or wishlist. The nopCommerce shopping cart and wishlist can be disabled, the access control list page can be used to configure it. Simply look for the "Enable shopping cart" and "Enable wishlist" permissions for the required customer profiles, and uncheck them. To learn more about shopping cart functionality, as well as how other components of nopCommerce work, we recommend taking the , which has been composed by the core developers team. nopCommerce training course Shopping cart structure of the .NET eCommerce platform To start with, open and look at the shopping cart page. At first, it has a summary view of the order with selected checkout attributes, price, quantity (which can be adjusted), the total for each added item, and a remove button. Next, a customer can add estimated shipping, as well as select checkout attributes, and enter discount codes and gift cards. Finally, an order is calculated and it is offered to proceed to checkout, where customers enter billing and shipping information and pay. By the way, the shopping cart-related action methods are all placed in the ShoppingCartController from Nop.Web. These methods allow a customer to interact with all page components. Let’s break down all the main components of the nopCommerce shopping cart functionality. It consists of checkout attributes, discounts, and gift card boxes, the totals step, and the checkout process. It is significant to consider a database structure as well. Checkout attributes Starting with checkout attributes, they are displayed on the shopping cart page and provide the opportunity to offer more services to customers, i.e. gift wrapping, before placing the order. Checkout attributes have their own service classes in the Nop.Services.Orders folder and are stored as XML in the CheckoutAttributesXml column of the Order table. They all have almost the same functionality as product attributes. CheckoutAttributeService class CheckoutAttributesXml column Discount box The next feature of the shopping cart is the discount box. It allows a customer to enter a coupon code to apply a discount to order totals or shipping. The discount feature has its own folder that is located in the Nop.Services section. Any rules and logic of a discount implementation process can be adjusted there. Talking about the database, the discounts themselves are stored in the Discount table. There are also a few mapping tables that store how the discounts are mapped to products, manufacturers, and categories. The DiscountRequirement table stores the discount requirements determining in which case a discount should be applied. The last table is the DiscountUsageHistory table which stores information about the discounts applied to orders. Gift card box The other shopping cart component is the gift card box. A customer should enter the code here to apply a gift card. A gift card is a special type of product. You can mark a product as a gift card on the product details page and sell gift cards that customers can use this way. After customers complete purchases with the gift card products, you can then search and view the list of all the purchased gift cards here. In case you need to configure gift card functionality, you may use the GiftCardService class, which is located in the Nop.Service.Orders folder. Considering the database, the gift cards that are manually created or bought as products are stored in the GiftCard table. Once a gift card is used in the order, the appropriate record is inserted into the GiftCardUsageHistory table of the database. A customer can apply both a discount and a gift card on the shopping cart page. Totals The last interesting block on the shopping cart page is the shopping cart totals. They are calculated based on the shopping cart items, applied discounts and taxes, chosen shipping, and payment methods. A total consists of a few rows: Sub-Total. The subtotal is the total of all items and quantities in the shopping cart, including applied item promotions; Shipping is the shipping cost calculated based on the customer’s shipping address; Then, the applied taxes are displayed. nopCommerce provides tax plugins that allow to manually or automatically apply taxes to products; The payment method additional fee row is self-descriptive. It can be set up on the payment method configuration page; Then, it displays the applied discounts and gift cards; The reward points if applied; And finally comes the order total. The order totals are calculated in the OrderTotalCalculationService from Nop.Services.Orders. As you can see, it contains such methods as GetShoppingCartShippingTotal, GetTaxTotal, the methods related to reward points, discounts, and others. In its turn, the payment method additional fee is calculated in the payment service of Nop.Services.Payments. Checkout process For a more clear view of the whole buying experience, It is important to consider the checkout process. Checkout starts when the customer leaves the shopping cart to proceed to payment and shipping. nopCommerce provides two types of checkout process design. They are one-page checkout, which is set by default, and checkout with multiple pages. One-page checkout allows a customer to go through the whole checkout process using a single page. You can set this up on the Order settings page. By the way, you can temporarily disable checkout for your customers if needed in the same Checkout section. A customer goes through the following steps during the checkout process: A customer needs to enter a billing address; Then shipping address; Then, they need to choose a shipping method; And a payment method; Then, we show the required payment information to the customer; And finally, it’s the confirmation step where the customer confirms the order. There are more conditions that impact the number of checkout steps. They can be adjusted in the Order settings. All the action methods related to the checkout process are placed in the CheckoutController. As you can see, this controller has separate regions: for the multistep checkout and one-page checkout. Multistep checkout methods return views, while one-page checkout methods return JSON as a result. There is no separate service that manages the checkout process. All work is done in the controller. Database operation of the ASP.NET shopping cart In nopCommerce, a shopping cart and a wishlist both have the same structure. For more understanding, it is better to look at the database. In the ShoppingCartItem table, both shopping cart and wishlist items are stored together. However, they are distinguished by ShoppingCartTypeId. Moreover, looking at the “Domain – Orders” folder, there could be seen ShoppingCartType enumeration that provides two types: ShoppingCart and Wishlist, with appropriate numeric values. These are the values that are stored in the ShoppingCartTypeId column in the database. This is the only difference between a shopping cart and a wishlist in the database terms. The other fields represent the customer identifier as a foreign key. It is an ID of a customer that has added this item to the shopping cart. Also, there is ProductId that identifies which product has been added to the cart, which is followed by StoreId representing the store of that product. Further, ShoppingCartTypeId that we already discussed determines whether the customer has added this item to the shopping cart or wishlist. Then comes the AttributesXml column. This column stores the product configuration added to the cart with all attributes chosen by a customer. Here is the process of how this XML works: open any product page and choose two attributes of this product; add the product to the cart; select Top 1000 rows of ShoppingCartItem; click on a cell under AttributesXML; you will see the first attribute that is with ID 9 and a value of 21, as well as the second with ID 10 and a value of 25. This is the way how chosen product attributes are stored. To parse such XMLs, there is a special class named ProductAttributeParser located in the Nop.Services Catalog folder. This class manipulates product attribute XMLs. For example, using the ParseProductAttributes method, it creates an XML based on the chosen attributes when a customer adds the product to the cart. As you can see, this method accepts a form from the product details page. It is also used to recalculate the product price when the attribute values are changed on the product details page (GetUnitPriceAsync method). So, in this class, you can find the methods operating with product attribute XML records. It also manipulates product attribute combinations, rental dates, and gift card attributes. Another important column is the CustomerEnteredPrice. It is used when the “Customer enters price” option is available for a certain product. The Quantity column is quite self-descriptive, as it shows chosen quantity of a product. The RentalStartDate and RentalEndDate columns are used when the product type is rental. Finally, CreatedOn and UpdatedOn dates are self-explanatory. Conclusion The nopCommerce shopping cart is a structured and flexible component. Based on information from this article, you can effectively create and configure a website with an advanced shopping cart and a wishlist using the nopCommerce platform. There is no need to build everything from scratch, so it allows you to focus only on the specific requirements of your eCommerce business. One of the reasons for it is that the nopCommerce shopping cart has the most used features, like shipping estimation, checkout attributes, and a gift card and discount implementation. Finally, the database structure enables you to update what kind of shopping cart data is required to be stored and managed. You can also find these details in our documentation under the section. Default database schema

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