Nacelle

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Headless commerce technology has received and is powering cutting-edge e-commerce applications. With headless commerce, separating the frontend of an application from the backend gives brands and retailers greater flexibility in how they create digital shopping experiences. Platforms like Shopify Plus offer headless capabilities, but the real magic is in . $1.6 billion in funding modular commerce technology Commerce modules, also called , are dedicated pieces of commerce functionality including cart, pricing, promotions, items, orders, shipping, payments, and more. These are what Amazon used to grow from a simple online bookstore to a massive online marketplace. But before adopting modular commerce, Amazon had to break down its into distinct modules, also known as a service-oriented architecture. commerce microservices monolithic bookstore application When I joined Amazon in 2002, this initiative was well underway. But Amazon developers had to create these modules in-house. There was no commerce platform back then that could support Amazon’s new approach to architecture. IBM Websphere, Oracle ATG, and were all monolithic. They were good platforms at the time, but rigid and hard to customize. other enterprise commerce platforms Shopify Plus Emerges A few years later, with an all-in-one e-commerce platform for SMBs in 2006. Up until this point, e-commerce platforms only existed for enterprises as on-premise software. With Shopify, anyone could market and sell products online. It was truly revolutionary. But then Shopify wanted more. It aimed to take a slice of the enterprise pie with . Shopify emerged from private beta Shopify Plus in 2014 Shopify Plus offered higher levels of support, increased API access, the ability to customize templated checkouts, a script editor, . This was a nice idea for upselling and diversifying revenue streams, but it failed to solve the big problem: scale. At the end of the day, Shopify Plus was—and still is—Shopify with some window dressing. It’s a monolithic platform like the legacy platforms that came before it. and more Shopify Plus plateaus People are starting to see through the facade of Shopify Plus and it shows in the numbers. Since Shopify Plus’s contribution of 17% to total MRR in 2017, growth has stagnated. In 2018, Shopify Plus contributed to . In 2019, it contributed to . And in 2020 it contributed to . Shopify equates this dip to a “significantly higher number of merchants on standard plans joining the platform in 2020.” But there’s more to it than that. 25% of MRR 27% MRR 25% MRR One reason it’s plateauing is that Shopify does not support modern commerce architectures. In early 2017, Shopify had to make a similar decision as Amazon: keep its monolith or move to microservices. Unlike Amazon, . This was easier for the engineering team but provided no value to customers. Shopify Plus customers would continue on the track of technical debt, vendor lock-in, and an unscalable, Shopify-dependent future. Shopify decided to keep its monolith Using hacks to remain relevant Shopify is trying to dress the platform up as a “modular monolith,” but all one has to do is look at the Isolating Dependencies section of to see that it’s hacked together. It’s hacked together like Shopify Plus. For instance, the hacks around the problem of dependencies within pricing, promo, and cart services. this article Scripts feature In the end, a monolith is a monolith and limits growth. The same goes for , trying to make a case like Shopify against microservices. BigCommerce Enterprise that’s hiding behind headless commerce As the former CTO of Staples where we moved from a monolithic commerce platform to a service-oriented architecture to scale, I can tell you first-hand that monolithic commerce platforms and hacking around technical debt does not work. When I joined Staples, we were using IBM Websphere. Creating short-term hacks would have been easier but would not have let us and completely own the buying experience. scale from 200,000 to over one million SKUs Hacks limit growth The of Shopify Plus have real implications for brands needing to grow. Shopify Plus’ ease of use is great for getting started, but these limitations become critical as a brand grows and needs customization and innovation to make the next step. Below are some of the biggest restrictions for brands and retailers that want to scale. technical limitations Headless hacks I see Shopify’s headless offering at its last stand to remain relevant. Shopify Plus is merely doing what all commerce platforms do, even the legacy platforms like Oracle ATG: exposing APIs. This hack allows retailers to customize the frontend, but . Store owners need to use rigid code integrations from the Shopify App Store to add backend functionality and integrating backend tools can cause problems for the Shopify Plus API. the backend is still problematic Multi-location mismanagement Whether you’re working with national stores and locations or international expansion, . Although linking multiple domains is easy, Shopify Plus is restrictive in the way store owners can manage storefronts at different locations. This means that running different brands or catalogs from one backend is almost impossible. Shopify Plus doesn't allow for configurable tenancy options because it’s rooted in the same principles as Shopify of being multitenant. This is great for small businesses but not so much for mid-market and enterprise. Shopify Plus is too restrictive Payment gateway nightmares Although small-scale merchants find a necessary evil for managing payments online, SMEs will struggle with Shopify controlling when and how they get paid. This is a prime example of vendor lock-in. When you sign up to use this monolithic platform, you have to use their payment gateway. Payment delays lead to delays in service delivery and store owners will face similar problems with frontend functionality, backend customization, and overall growth control. Shopify Plus’ payment delays Hacks and limitations in the wild A good way to see the results of Shopify Plus hacks and limitations is to compare Shopify Plus’s flagship customer, , with which uses a service-oriented architecture. Because Staples CA has thrown its hat in with Shopify Plus, they are hostages to a monolithic platform in the same way. Staples CA Staples US When comparing the digital storefronts, you’ll notice that Staples US is dynamic and escapes Staples CA’s standard grid layout. The Staples US checkout is also customized to include custom delivery options: delivery time, assembly options, and purchase protection. Meanwhile, Staples CA is locked into Shopify’s standard checkout offering. But the most alarming difference is the difference in page speed. According to PageSpeed Insights , Staples CA receives a 43 PSI score: Staples US receives a 99 PSI score: Given what we know about , using Shopify Plus for an enterprise like Staples is simply irresponsible. Of course, Staples CA could try to work around CMS limitations with headless options like , or hack around Shopify API limitations with the shim layer of APIs offered by . But at the end of the day, these are just workarounds, not scalable solutions. page speed’s impact on e-commerce conversions Shogun Nacelle E-commerce monoliths are fated Monolithic commerce platforms become single points of failure because they are closed systems requiring specialized knowledge to program a process or business logic inside of them, whether that’s through (IBM) or other procedural code required by SAP and Oracle. This creates dependencies that are not necessary and hinder product growth. RPC Shopify Plus is similar to legacy monoliths like and but, again, dressed up to look prettier. In the case of Shopify Plus, the specialized knowledge comes in the form of Ruby on Rails and the Liquid templating language. And because they can’t fix these technical requirements, they have hopped on the headless bandwagon. Oracle ATG Salesforce Commerce Cloud Despite , a monolith is a monolith and Shopify Plus is the last attempt a big company will make at building an enterprise e-commerce monolith. The question “Remember Shopify Plus?” will soon join the ranks of: Remember IBM Websphere? Remember Oracle ATG? Shopify pushing monolithic rigidity as innovation Remember Amazon Webstore? How to sniff a monolith That said, other commerce platforms will hit the market. And with more commerce platforms emerging it will get harder to determine whether a platform is a monolith and positioned for helping you grow. To identify whether a commerce platform is monolithic and disguised as modular, modern, API-first, composable, or any of the other buzzwords, ask the following questions: Does the platform let you configure your business variables outside of code? Can services inside the platform function and be deployed independently? How easy is it to integrate these services with outside platforms or services? How easy is it to customize your data and business rules? Are you able to configure your own data stores or are you tied in with what is provided How easy is it to change a frontend concern without interrupting the backend? How easy is it to extend your functionality for different use cases across industries or domains? If you are a mid-market or enterprise business, the answer to all of these should be or . If there are unclear answers to these questions, tread lightly. While the platform may serve your immediate needs you’ll run into trouble down the road. Yes Easy Scaling with microservices A monolithic commerce platform like Shopify Plus might have been a good starting point for the sake of simplicity. But to evolve commerce you need more flexibility, security, and speed. This is what a service-oriented architecture offers. The good news is that you don't need to build all your microservices in-house like Amazon did and like we did at Staples. While building your differentiating services in-house is a good idea, you can use core commerce services and APIs from that enable growth through a service-oriented architecture. fabric Our service-oriented platform The different parts of fabric include: lets you continue using your monolith or break down your monolith while taking control of frontend shopping experiences across channels. A makes this possible. Any service with an API can communicate with the headless CMS. Experience platform: Fabric XM headless CMS make up the commerce platform. But unlike traditional platforms, you can select the APIs and services you want to use. Each API is connected to a service (payments, pricing, promos, subscriptions, cart, etc) and each service is self-contained yet extensible. Headless commerce platform: Fabric commerce APIs Applications with user interfaces let business users access the same datastores and functionality as developers do with APIs. Co-Pilot applications: Even with these cloud-native services and APIs, moving from a monolith may still seem daunting. But there’s even more good news: you can make changes to your existing commerce architecture in small increments. This is what we refer to as The End of Replatforming at fabric and we can support you in this initiative as well. Also published on: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/shopify-plus-last-e-commerce-monolith-faisal-masud/

An In-Depth Look at Shopify Plus: The Last E-Commerce Monolith

In 2020 when the Covid pandemic has taken over the World, necessitating people to stay at home, email marketing has become one of the most viable tools for drawing attention to the brand, promoting products, and driving traffic. That why email builders are an important part of our list of tools to build emails. Read more about trends in design: Email Design trends 2021 Web Design Trends 2021 Indeed, this year, email marketing sees a rise in popularity. The email newsletter has become the primary mode of communication between the company and the customers. If you want to keep up with the rest of the World and make your brand stay afloat at these uncertain times, you should capitalize on this means of communication. For that, that lets you realize all your marketing ploys and brings any incredible idea to life. you will need one good free email builder What Makes the Best Email Builder? There is a sheer diversity of free email builders on the web. Some of them are simple and primitive, while others are complex and sophisticated. While all of them are eager to do all the heavy lifting for you, in reality, not all of them have the capacity to manage this situation efficiently. Even though depending on your goal, amount of free time, and design and coding skills, you may benefit from one or another. Still, no one wants to lose precious time on a product that won't bring an expected result. To save yourself from disappointment, do bear in mind that the email builder should meet these essential criteria. marketing It should comply with all the current specifications. It means that it should provide tools for creating templates that are mobile-friendly, responsive, accessible, lightweight, well-optimized, and fast. These templates should look and work consistently across all popular devices, browsers, email readers. Last but not least, these templates should meet all international laws and regulations. It should follow the trends in design. Who wants to treat their loyal customers with some outdated wrapping? There won't be any subscriber's nurture, only disappointment from experiencing an old and tasteless design. This will drag any marketing campaign down. Using modules that look stylish and up-to-date is critical for your brand to fight the tough competition and its overall image. secure Good-looking design with modern features provides a solid foundation for realizing a successful marketing campaign. It should be flexible in terms of customization. You should have access to such integral elements as , , , and . This way, you will adjust your design to your brand, current marketing campaign, and customers, making the newsletter fully customized and personalized. color background typography arrangement On top of that, it would be nice to work in a handy environment. It is always a pleasure to enjoy the process of crafting a newsletter instead of fighting your way through. But this is not always the case. Therefore, make sure the surrounding is at least straightforward to handle, and everything – templates, modules, customization - are at your fingertips. Best Free Email Builders Postcards Email Builder Consider that satisfies all these criteria. It is one of those rare solutions that offer five-star functionality for a one-star budget. No wonder it is one of the most popular tools these days. Along with the essentials such as an intuitive drag-and-drop playground where non-tech-savvy people can create anything they want, more than 100 stylish field-tested units that work smoothly across all the devices, and a comprehensive customization panel, it also offers Postcards Version history; Collaborative teammate work; Project management; External image support; Cloud image hosting; Unlimited exports; Interactive features; One-click export to Mailchimp, HubSpot, or HTML/ZIP; 24/7 Support team. In addition, you will find a collection of helpful video tutorials if you need to do something more, for example, upload the newsletter to self-hosted email apps like Acelle or import email to Salesforce. Let's consider some other email builders that also give you a helping hand in this matter. Some of them have only the essentials, while others provide even more than you can expect from freemium solutions. Maizzle Maizzle is a robust framework for rapid email prototyping. It is one of those solutions that require coding skills to be handled properly. Maizzle provides email marketers with a range of reliable tools to build newsletters of various scales in a traditional coding environment. Tailwind CSS utility classes, PostHTML, JavaScript configurations, Event listeners, email-specific customizations, AMP features, build environments are among its main features. Also, it offers a collection of default templates so that you can have a head start and fully appreciate the potential of the framework. Cerberus Unlike Maizzle, a tool for seasoned developers, Cerberus is great even for those who have some basic coding knowledge. At its core, it is a collection of responsive reusable email layout patterns that can be removed, combined, and even nested. It is a safe foundation on which you can build on. It is excellent for creating both informational and promotional newsletters. The only flaw is that it was not tested across all the devices, though it is said to work great on the most popular ones. Movable Ink Movable Ink is all about creating unique cross-channel data-driven visual experiences generated from API, web, CSV, and CRM sources. It offers email marketers all the necessary tools to do this on their own. It has an intuitive, marketer-friendly UI, various modules like hero area or product imagery, automation tools, targeting tools, and some more. On top of that, it has real-time simulations to preview the final result and polish it before sending it to actual subscribers. Foundation for Emails 2 Coming with a thoroughly-tested responsive grid, Foundation for emails 2 is an excellent solution for creating flexible, adaptable, and mobile-friendly layouts where the content occupies the leading position. Whatever design you come up with, it will look and behave great across all the popular devices and all of the major clients. Although you won't find a handy playground in there, but you can employ one of 12 premade templates applicable for various types of emails. If you do not mind some coding, it can become an excellent solution for you. Mosaico Mosaico is an open-source email builder that ships with several powerful features. For instance, it has premade responsive templates that work great on popular platforms, rapid and flexible customization options, automatic resizing for images, and an undo/redo system to move back and forth to find the best result. Unlike featured above solutions, sadly, Mosaico can't boast of modern design solutions. The templates look relatively modest and outdated. However, this can be enough to create a solid foundation where you can let your imagination run riot. MJML Mjml is another sterling framework in our collection of the best email builders. This time, it is not as powerful as other contenders; still, it has something to show off. First and foremost, the framework is centered on responsive solutions. Therefore, all the templates in its arsenal are mobile-friendly and easily adaptable for large screens. Second, it offers reusable and extensible components so that you can build newsletters quickly and efficiently. Third, it has an intuitive semantic syntax so that even newbies can handle it. Again, there is no handy playground where you can drag and drop elements; nevertheless, it is not an obstacle if you are a tech-savvy person. MailStyler 2 MailStyler 2 is a professional software where you can create an email template block by block. Much like in the case of Postcards, it also has a collection of responsive and well-tested modules that can be dropped into the scene and easily re-arranged and edited. There are also preset styles explicitly created for those who lack design skills and a handy customization panel. Besides, you can save everything in your library and reuse it once again. Email Builder from Cidcode This is another email builder on our list that invites users to enjoy the email creation inside a comfortable environment. Just add the desired module from the list to the scene and adjust it to your needs. Along with an intuitive playground, there is also a small collection of ready-made email templates in case you do not want to create everything from scratch. Thanks to a well-thought-out customization panel, you can change it down to the last detail. Finally, there is a professional preview mode where you can see how the template looks and behaves on various popular platforms to ensure everything runs as expected. React Email Editor It becomes evident from the nameplate that you won't do without some coding skills, especially in React. That's very true. However, you do not need to be a professional in this area, since basic knowledge will be enough. When all the work with installation is done, you are invited inside a handy drag-and-drop builder where you can create a basic yet still good-looking email template. You can also save drafts and resume the work later or use it as a base for the next email marketing project. EDM The EDMdesigner team has taken the traditional WYSIWYG editor to the next level by transforming it into a sterling drag-and-drop platform where you can easily assemble any email newsletter. It offers a collection of basic building blocks like images, links, buttons, and handcrafted templates to give you a head start. Everything is fully responsive and works consistently across more than 90 desktop, mobile, and web email clients. As a result, regardless of your coding or design skills, you will manage to create a professional newsletter without much hustle. Heml Unlike all the listed above here, HEML is an open-source markup language. Although it does not have a handy environment that is a lifesaver for all non-tech-savvy people, nevertheless, it is quite powerful in what it can do. For instance, it comes with helpful utility classes, intuitive layout systems, and some unique elements. You can build digital newsletters and reusable components that may save you lots of time in the future. Therefore, if you have some coding skills, you can easily benefit from this solution and make something outstanding for your next email marketing campaign. Conclusion Much like email newsletters that delight us with diversity, free email builders come in all shapes and sizes. Some of them have a handy playground, while others offer classic coding environments. Some follow the trends and regularly update the collection with stylish designs, whereas others stick to never-dying classics and neutral solutions that provide a solid foundation to show your creativity. There is just one thing in common; each one is eager to provide you with instruments to build email newsletters of every scale and difficulty.

The Best Free Email Template Builders and Editors

During the bitter cold darkness of the last Bitcoin bear market I launched a series of interviews called the . Despite the fact that  Bitcoin had significantly dropped in value there still remained a core group of Bitcoiners who were unphased and determined that Bitcoin would bounce back. Bitcoin Bear Market Diaries These interviews featured many of these voices and their thoughts and market perspectives during this turbulent time. The common thread throughout all of the despite the bullshit "Bitcoin is going to die!" rhetoric was that Bitcoin would rise again. Bitcoin Bear Market Diaries Fast forward to where we are at today. Bitcoin is back bitches, just like we knew it would be! Many of the individuals who read the urged me to start a new series after killing it off when Bitcoin crossed 8k usd. With that said, I would like to introduce you to the Bitcoin Bull Market Diaries. This new series is similar to the old format, but with different questions and new voices. Bitcoin Bear Market Diaries Hodlonaut is a long time friend and ardent Bitcoiner whom many of you know as the legendary Space Cat! Hodlonaut was the very first Bitcoin Bear Market Diary , so I thought it would only be fitting that he kick off the Bitcoin Bull Market Diaries series. Best known for his work on creating the viral sensation of passing the Lightning Torch, Hodlonaut's perspective and insight is something everyone can learn from. Hodlonaut Name: Norway Country: How do people know you? Probably from my twitter account @hodlonaut. How long have you been into Bitcoin? I discovered Bitcoin in 2013 Best Bitcoin experience? The whole LNTrustChain experience and the overwhelming love and support I received after CSW went after me. Both really drove home how strong and supportive the bitcoin community is. Yes, I know some people claim there isn’t a thing called the bitcoin community. To me this is mere semantics and word splitting, as I have clearly experienced its existence. Worst Bitcoin experience? Getting legally harassed and threatened in the crypto space. What do you think is Bitcoin's biggest threat? I still believe the social attack vector is the biggest threat. Fortunately we now have an army of supremely motivated toxic plebs to keep this threat at bay. It seems we have actually learned from history and bad actors are called out ruthlessly. What are your thoughts on the various Bitcoin forks? None of them are founded on honest intentions. They are attacks. Failed attacks that ended up strengthening the Honeybadger’s armor. What are you optimistic about in this space? I am extremely optimistic about Bitcoin. I am humbled on a daily basis by the smart, cool, hard working and principled people working to push Bitcoin forward. It really feels like a once in a lifetime chance to profoundly change the world, and I believe it’s actually happening in front of our eyes. Slowly. Then all at once. Biggest regret during the last Bear market and what did you learn? I don’t really do regrets, but it was stupid to buy alts in an attempt to get more btc back in early 2018. What is the biggest fail you observed during the last bear market? People abandoning every shred of their credibility and integrity by shilling various forks. What do you think helped turn things around to the current Bull market? Part of it is just the market cycle. But behind that, every fundamental metric has improved. Hashrate is now 5x what it was when price reached ATH in December 2017. Lightning Network has been proven, and its ecosystem grown and matured. Regulatory uncertainty much improved, custody solutions, institutional on-ramps etc etc.. This bull market will be epic. Who are the heroes of the last Bear market? All the people that just kept building. All the people that just kept hodling. All the people that just kept educating. Why do you think alt-coins are still struggling? Death of altcoin use case narratives, combined with constantly more obvious and proven Bitcoin use cases. Throughout the bear market the influx of new people was lower, toxic bitcoiners managed to keep the scams at bay. When this bull market heats up and we get some euphoria and hordes of new people, we will see if alts make a (temporary) comeback. What do you have to say to those who claim alt-season is coming? You may be right. But at this point I doubt it will be strong, nor long lasting. Do you hold any alts? If not, why? Back in early 2018 I got greedy and loaded up some alt bags. The market was very irrational at that point, and I thought I could increase my BTC stack. That didn’t happen, and I ended up decreasing my stack instead. I still hold one of those bags as a pet and reminder to not buy alts. What do you think about the upcoming Bitcoin halving and what it will do to the price of Bitcoin? I think the impact of only 900BTC being mined per day, combined with steadily increasing demand will kickstart an acellerated virtuous cycle of higher price – more demand – higher price. The reality of how scarce bitcoin really is will start to make itself shown. What do you think makes Bitcoin superior to anything else out there? It had years to grow roots in obscurity, making it a truly decentralized phenomenon that has already survived several heavy handed attacks. All the brightest, most motivated and most principled people in crypto are working on Bitcoin. Comparing it to anything else is ridiculous in my opinion. Do you think central banks are or will be accumulating Bitcoin? I don’t think they are. I definitely think they will. How do you feel about the current state and future of lightning network? LN is extremely exciting technology. Some of the brightest heads on the planet is working hard every day to move it forward. Instant microtransactions, in essence streaming payments, is so disruptive it’s hard to grasp. I think LN will be how the world transacts, while the base layer is for settlements and store of value. What are your thoughts on HODLing Bitcoin? Hodling is the conviction layer of Bitcoin. You cannot understand the promise of bitcoin and not hodl. It is the natural destination for every person entering the bitcoin rabbit hole. Hodlers of last resort form the bedrock of bitcoin valuation. To hodl strong you must master low time preference, so it is character building. Hard to master – then as easy as breathing. What are your thoughts on Bitcoin Maximalism? I don’t think everyone agrees what Bitcoin Maximalism entails. I’m not sure myself. But if we understand it as rejecting other crypto projects and believing Bitcoin will be the only one left standing, based on true decentralization and immutability, I think it’s something that most people in crypto inevitably will end up as. Bitcoin Maximalism is natural, rational and healthy for the space. I don’t subscribe to the «everything else than Bitcoin is a scam» narrative though. Thoughts on the notion of bitcoinization now? I definitely think hyperbitcoinization will happen. The world desperately needs true, scarce value and immutable truth to build on. Bitcoin is a black hole, there is no escape for inferior money. What do you think Bitcoin dominance will do as the price increases? My guess is Bitcoin dominance will increase until we reach ATH, then have a slight and temporary correction as new people come flocking in to the space and fall prey for alt narratives. What will someone have to do to prove they are the real Satoshi Nakamoto? Personally, I wouldn’t even take signing with the genesis block as definitive proof, but that would be as close as possible I guess. The real Satoshi Nakamoto will never try to prove who he is. What Bitcoin startups are you excited about? I think Lolli is really great for adoption and stacking sats. Also, as a Norwegian, I’m looking forward to Norwegian Block Exchange launching this year. What “crypto influencers” do you think get it wrong and why? Everyone who shills Bcash, BSV, Ripple or Etherium. For obvious reasons. What “crypto influencers” do you think get it right and why? There are so many great voices out there, so it’s hard to pick. But Pierre Rochard gets it consistently right. He is a toxic bitcoin scholar and a gentleman. Where do you envision the market heading in the next 5 years? To the moon. Possibly beyond the moon. Best tips for storing Bitcoin? A hardware wallet like Trezor or Coldcard wallet. Then have a good solution for storing the seed securely. Any tips you want to give to people new to Bitcoin? Keep learning, keep stacking sats. This will happen on its own though. The Bitcoin rabbit hole doesn’t let anyone out and schools everyone in the end. Name some of your favorite information sources and/or podcasts in the space. Bitcoin Twitter is the MVP for me in regards to being and information source. There are some great podcasts out there. My favorites are The Stephan Livera Podcast, Tales From The Crypt and What Bitcoin Did. Some lesser known Bitcoin podcasts that are top quality and deserve more listeners are "Bottomshelf Bitcoin", "Fun With Crypto", "Citizen Bitcoin" and "Bitcoin and..". I have huge respect for all these content providers, who do very important work to continously improve our collective maps and understanding of everything Bitcoin. What is your fascination with Tacos? I’ve loved tacos since I was a kid. I especially like the fact that they are spicy and that the best ones are sold by street vendors. If you try too hard when you make tacos they won’t be as tasty. You can put everything you want in them and they are best enjoyed with friends and family. Any last words of wisdom? I’ll let Marcus Aurelius round this off. "If it is not right, do not do it. If it is not true, do not say it." for the awesome meme used in the cover art! Stay tuned for the next Bitcoin Bull Market Diaries. I have some awesome interviews in the queue and will be dropping new volumes regularly. Special thanks to Hodlonaut and all of our fellow Taco Carnivore Bitcoin Plebs out there! Thanks to @CryptoScamHub

Bitcoin Bull Market Diaries Volume 1 with Hodlonaut

Disclaimer This post is part of the same presentation given by myself and at the JavaOne Conference 2017 in San Francisco. Bruno Souza Although extremely important, we are not talking here about unit testing and integration testing, assuming you already know what it is and already apply it, as a developer concerned about the quality of your code. Test Automation Pyramid and Agile Testing Quadrants Creating tests is the easiest and quickest way to test your application and ensure that if any bug appears, you will find it before your client. Currently, we cannot talk about testing without talking about test automation. The application of the test automation gives a quick feedback to the team and maintains the execution of the continuously. regression tests The approach we can use to take a greater speed in automating, executing and having a rapid feedback of the tests is the application of the , which is a guide for the application of automation in at least three levels: , and (user interface). Test Pyramid unit services ui The services layer is being divided into three parts: , tests and . component tests integration API tests The is the most important layer of our application because we will create tests for the code that we are developing and guarantee its work as expected, even after future maintenance (recommending the use of ). In this layer, we can apply analysis and practices in order to intensify the rapid feedback against a defect that may appear. unit testing layer TDD — Test Driven Development code coverage static analysis The ( , and ) is extremely important nowadays, with a large focus on API testing. Here we apply , and to give speed in the execution of microservice tests. We also need separate test environment servers, where this can be the closest to a production environment. service layer component integration API mocks stubs fakes The (User Interface) layer is also important, especially from a mobile testing perspective where, when a customer encounters an error in an app, it usually removes it. The most important techniques here are automated testing in UI and . In the web part, we need browsers to execute the same test in different ones (IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari). We need the same for : iOS and Android devices to ensure the compatibility of our app on these two platforms. UI Visual Regression Testing mobile automation testing The , created by and widely disseminated by Lisa Crispin and Janet Gregory in his book are some practices that can be applied during the activity-focused development of the test. The quadrant is a guide: it is not necessary to perform all the existing practices in it, you can choose one or more depending on your context. Agile Testing Quadrant Brian Marick “ Agile Testing — A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile Teams ” Continuous Delivery and Testing Pipeline There is no way to talk about without talking about (CD) … without it, we could not even talk about the DevOps culture. DevOps Continuous Delivery In Continuous Delivery, one of the foundations is the where we must test all the stages of our development (pipeline) with an initial recommendation applied to unit tests and automated acceptance. Continuous Testing Continuous Delivery enables joint roles between Development, QA and Operation. An example of evidence-focused collaboration for these roles is: Development + QA: Build, Deploy and Test automation at various levels QA + Operations: Test Automation and Continuous Feedback through test executions, as well as sanity test executions Operations + Development: Automated provisioning of machines/ containers required for testing at any level. Now we continue with the pipeline focused on tests, which can be applied in whole or in parts, being: Unit Test and Integration Test We can create mocks/fakes/stubs to remove the dependencies and acellerate the test executions ServiceTest: on service layers (SOAP, REST) : small execution subset to guarantee that all API’s are working (at least return status different from HTTP 404 or HTTP 500) Smoke : a collection of agreements (tests) between a client (consumer) and an Contract API : tests that want to guarantee the operation against different business rules (happy path, sad path and alternative flows) Functional : evaluate the system’s compliance with the business requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery Acceptance Acceptance: acceptance testing Tests that focus on the user perspective and knowing as end-to-end testing (e2e). Important to simulate the user journey on the application. : main test suite what will guarantee your business running Smoke Functional: functional testing Tests that guarantee the operation against different business rules (happy path, sad/negative path and alternative flows) Smoke: main test suites of a happy path, sad path and alternative flows Non-Functional tests From to (end of the pipeline) we have to worry about non-functional tests. Examples of tests are functional: performance, load, security, etc … Integration Functional Testing And it’s extremely necessary to create an entire automated test architecture to support the continuous, automated, and least-maintenance run possible with: screenshots to evidence the execution of each test, or evidence when an error occurs logs to analyse and see any error occurred reports to show up a feedback about the test execution data management for the sensitive data on a test script parameterize commonly changed data like URL's, endpoints, etc… Toolbox for Automated API, Web and Mobile tests In order to automate an API, a Web page, and a Mobile front-end, there are open source that will help you to quickly and easily build and run tests. tools Rest Assured https://github.com/rest-assured/rest-assured Tool for creating automated tests for an API (REST and XML). Uses an easily and understood DSL based on ( ). Gherkin Given-When-Then In the example below it is possible to see the API through a local endpoint (simulating a production environment) and a mock endpoint created with Java Spark. Creating a mock API by developing the API fixed data returns can give even greater speed in the execution and validation of the different aspects that secure the tests for microservices, especially about contract tests. Selenium WebDriver http://seleniumhq.org It is the best-known tool for automation of a web page. It also has an easy DSL and is based on four steps for automation: Navigation: actions like access a web page, forward, back and refresh Interrogation: ways to find and web element like by id, name, cssSelectors and other locators Manipulation: a way to interact with an element like click, fill (sendKeys), clear and get text Synchronisation: ways to wait for some asynchronous actions, like an element that appears after some seconds It is a and performs actions in web browsers simulating a real browser. For this to be possible it is necessary to use the . W3C standard browsers drivers Appium http://appium.io It is an open source tool with the same Selenium DSL, but for automation in native or hybrid mobile device apps for iOS or Android. It supports execution on emulators, real device or test lab (cloud), and, in conjunction with Selenium Grid, gives the possibility of creating an internal device grid. Applied Pipeline and GitHub Repo The code for all projects can be found in the repository: _test-automation-javaone-2017 - An complete example of a pipeline focusing on API and UI (mobile and web) tests._github.com eliasnogueira/test-automation-javaone-2017 There are test suites for each pipeline step.

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