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Endless Legend is the next installment of the epic video game series. Described on Steam as a '4X turn-based fantasy strategy game,' Endless Legend gives players maximum control of every conceivable facet of civilization. It is a battle for survival against possibly tricky odds.  And there is a tremendous sense of urgency and purpose about this game. Let’s get to it - we don’t have much time. Auriga’s survival is at stake, and nothing short of a monumental effort will save the planet from doom. Described by many players as having one of the most beautiful maps in strategy-based games, Endless Legend is a stylistic, character-driven masterpiece. It bridges the divide between fantasy and reality, merging worlds in an ensemble of spectacular entertainment. The gaming universe is peppered with a vast array of high-quality attractions. You can easily enjoy the most played games right now from the premier providers and experience world-class entertainment on PC, Mac, or mobile. It's always a good idea to dig deeper to understand the lore, characters, clans, factions, and in-game elements. All the pieces fall into place once you're ready to venture into a virtual world of mysticism and wild entertainment. Now, let's get back to Endless Legend. Every day is a new opportunity to rebuild, defend, and save. There is a great sense of urgency about Endless Legend, with myriad efforts required to maintain stability. On an apocalyptic planet devastated by the ravages of war, decimated by blistering cold, and facing immense challenges, Auriga must prevail. As a participant, you have a city to take care of. The population is loyal to the cause, and the soldiers are ready to defend their birthright. Combined with the mystical elements of the dark arts and legendary characters, players are thrust into survival mode where uncertainty abounds. The Major Factions in Endless Legend include the following: Roving Clans
Wild Walkers
Ardent Mages
Drakken
Cultists
Allayi
Vaulters
Necrophages
Broken Lords
Kapaku
Forgotten
Morgawr
Mykara Source: https://endless-legend.fandom.com/wiki/Factions The Minor Factions in Endless Legend include the following: Faction

Description



The Bos

Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization.



The Dorgeshi

Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess.



The Urces

Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense.



The Delvers

Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures.



The Sisters of Mercy

Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent.



The Nidya

Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources.



The Haunts

Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts.



The Geldirus

Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences.



The Eyeless Ones

Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes.



The Jotus

Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds.



The Ceratan

Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy.



The Gauran

Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks.



The Silics

Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements.



The Erycis

Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators.



The Kazanji

Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura.



The Hurnas

Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. But the big question for players is which faction to choose. The experts recommend prioritizing the storyline quest first. The best beginner faction to select is naturally the Wild Walkers. They've got a relatively simple quest line to fulfill. Plus, there are production bonuses in play, and they provide a top-tier military unit for the game. Yes gamers, this faction can fight. Once you're done with Wild Walkers, it's a good idea to advance to Vaulters. The reason for this selection – and easy-to-understand science-based play awaits. You also have other options, such as Broken Lords, to choose from. This particular faction has plenty of information to impart regarding the oceans and the rivers. Aficionados of Endless Legend are resistant to recommend other factions such as Cultists, Necrophage, and Roving Clans. The rationale is as follows: Lots of experience is needed to master the art of play with these claims. It's important to understand that each faction is vastly different in terms of mechanics and gameplay. Now, it's entirely feasible to choose the Drakken as a beginner. Their fighting units are robust, and they are fabulous at diplomacy. They are capable of enforcing peace on warring factions, ensuring that a diplomatic outcome is the least costly alternative. The social gaming community on Reddit also presents players with some interesting advice. The consensus among aficionados of the game is that Vaulters and Wildwalkers are the best factions to choose from. The Vaulters, in particular, have a lot in common with the Vaulters from ES2. This makes them an easy platform from which to start learning the game. Of course, Reddit members also strongly recommend that Drakken get started. There are certain factions like Roving Clans, Cultists, and Necrophage that are experts in building, aggression, and being passive – as alluded to earlier. On a different note, some avid players think that Broken Lords is absolutely fantastic. It all depends on how much experience you have coming into the adventure. Onward! An adventure awaits. Endless Legend is the next installment of the epic video game series. Described on Steam as a '4X turn-based fantasy strategy game,' Endless Legend gives players maximum control of every conceivable facet of civilization. It is a battle for survival against possibly tricky odds.  And there is a tremendous sense of urgency and purpose about this game. Let’s get to it - we don’t have much time. Endless Legend Auriga’s survival is at stake, and nothing short of a monumental effort will save the planet from doom. Described by many players as having one of the most beautiful maps in strategy-based games, Endless Legend is a stylistic, character-driven masterpiece . It bridges the divide between fantasy and reality, merging worlds in an ensemble of spectacular entertainment. character-driven masterpiece The gaming universe is peppered with a vast array of high-quality attractions. You can easily enjoy the most played games right now from the premier providers and experience world-class entertainment on PC, Mac, or mobile. It's always a good idea to dig deeper to understand the lore, characters, clans, factions, and in-game elements. All the pieces fall into place once you're ready to venture into a virtual world of mysticism and wild entertainment. gaming universe most played games right now Now, let's get back to Endless Legend. Every day is a new opportunity to rebuild, defend, and save. There is a great sense of urgency about Endless Legend, with myriad efforts required to maintain stability. On an apocalyptic planet devastated by the ravages of war, decimated by blistering cold, and facing immense challenges, Auriga must prevail. As a participant, you have a city to take care of. The population is loyal to the cause, and the soldiers are ready to defend their birthright. Combined with the mystical elements of the dark arts and legendary characters, players are thrust into survival mode where uncertainty abounds. The Major Factions in Endless Legend include the following: Roving Clans Wild Walkers Ardent Mages Drakken Cultists Allayi Vaulters Necrophages Broken Lords Kapaku Forgotten Morgawr Mykara Roving Clans Wild Walkers Ardent Mages Drakken Cultists Allayi Vaulters Necrophages Broken Lords Kapaku Forgotten Morgawr Mykara Source: https://endless-legend.fandom.com/wiki/Factions Source: https://endless-legend.fandom.com/wiki/Factions Source: https://endless-legend.fandom.com/wiki/Factions The Minor Factions in Endless Legend include the following: Faction

Description



The Bos

Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization.



The Dorgeshi

Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess.



The Urces

Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense.



The Delvers

Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures.



The Sisters of Mercy

Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent.



The Nidya

Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources.



The Haunts

Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts.



The Geldirus

Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences.



The Eyeless Ones

Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes.



The Jotus

Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds.



The Ceratan

Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy.



The Gauran

Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks.



The Silics

Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements.



The Erycis

Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators.



The Kazanji

Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura.



The Hurnas

Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. Faction

Description The Bos

Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization. The Dorgeshi

Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess. The Urces

Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense. The Delvers

Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures. The Sisters of Mercy

Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent. The Nidya

Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources. The Haunts

Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts. The Geldirus

Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences. The Eyeless Ones

Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes. The Jotus

Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds. The Ceratan

Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy. The Gauran

Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks. The Silics

Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements. The Erycis

Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators. The Kazanji

Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura. The Hurnas

Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. Faction Description Faction Faction Faction Description Description Description The Bos Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization. The Bos The Bos Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization. Robust, shaggy beings, nomadic with a rich oral tradition, yet lack a unified civilization. The Dorgeshi Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess. The Dorgeshi The Dorgeshi Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess. Exiled merchants turned cavalry using formidable reptilian mounts, known for combat prowess. The Urces Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense. The Urces The Urces Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense. Giant, ogre-like and gentle, prioritize peace, formidable in community defense. The Delvers Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures. The Delvers The Delvers Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures. Survivors of underground cataclysms, skilled in mining and excavation, valuing deep-earth treasures. The Sisters of Mercy Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent. The Sisters of Mercy The Sisters of Mercy Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent. Warrior healers combating malevolence with compassion, sparing the innocent. The Nidya Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources. The Nidya The Nidya Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources. Bird-like yet humanoid, strategically choose homes focusing on defense and resources. The Haunts Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts. The Haunts The Haunts Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts. Ghostly apparitions of fallen warriors with inscrutable intentions, roaming old haunts. The Geldirus Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences. The Geldirus The Geldirus Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences. Evolved from wolves, thrive in extreme cold due to mystical Dust influences. The Eyeless Ones Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes. The Eyeless Ones The Eyeless Ones Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes. Spiritually insightful, prioritize non-visual perception, construct simple, functional homes. The Jotus Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds. The Jotus The Jotus Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds. Two-headed lupine beings mastering tool use and combat strategy with dual minds. The Ceratan Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy. The Ceratan The Ceratan Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy. Arachnoid-humanoids prefer dark, structured societies underground, with surprisingly complex social hierarchy. The Gauran Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks. The Gauran The Gauran Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks. Resemble minotaurs, impressive in intellect and strength, utilize bipedal form for tasks. The Silics Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements. The Silics The Silics Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements. Elemental beings overseeing deep underground crystal farms cultivate sentient enhancements. The Erycis Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators. The Erycis The Erycis Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators. Multi-headed, predatory creatures using appendages for combat; fierce environmental manipulators. The Kazanji Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura. The Kazanji The Kazanji Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura. Demon-like, secluded in harsh environments, draw energy from fire, marked by a glowing aura. The Hurnas Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. The Hurnas The Hurnas Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. Nomadic, adept at land living, known for martial prowess with ranged weapons. But the big question for players is which faction to choose. The experts recommend prioritizing the storyline quest first. The best beginner faction to select is naturally the Wild Walkers . They've got a relatively simple quest line to fulfill. Plus, there are production bonuses in play, and they provide a top-tier military unit for the game. Yes gamers, this faction can fight. Once you're done with Wild Walkers, it's a good idea to advance to Vaulters. is naturally the Wild Walkers The reason for this selection – and easy-to-understand science-based play awaits. You also have other options, such as Broken Lords, to choose from. This particular faction has plenty of information to impart regarding the oceans and the rivers. Aficionados of Endless Legend are resistant to recommend other factions such as Cultists, Necrophage, and Roving Clans. The rationale is as follows: Lots of experience is needed to master the art of play with these claims. Lots of experience is needed to master the art of play with these claims. It's important to understand that each faction is vastly different in terms of mechanics and gameplay. Now, it's entirely feasible to choose the Drakken as a beginner. Their fighting units are robust, and they are fabulous at diplomacy. They are capable of enforcing peace on warring factions, ensuring that a diplomatic outcome is the least costly alternative. The social gaming community on Reddit also presents players with some interesting advice. The consensus among aficionados of the game is that Vaulters and Wildwalkers are the best factions to choose from. The Vaulters, in particular, have a lot in common with the Vaulters from ES2. This makes them an easy platform from which to start learning the game. Of course, Reddit members also strongly recommend that Drakken get started. The social gaming community on Reddit There are certain factions like Roving Clans, Cultists, and Necrophage that are experts in building, aggression, and being passive – as alluded to earlier. On a different note, some avid players think that Broken Lords is absolutely fantastic. It all depends on how much experience you have coming into the adventure. Onward! An adventure awaits.

How to Choose a Faction on Endless Legend

Know once and for all how to index, add and delete elements in arrays Steinar Engeland — https://unsplash.com The Array in is a global object which contains a list of items. JavaScript It is similar to any variable, in that you can use it to hold any type of data. However, it has one important difference: it can hold of data at a time. more than one item An array is : each value is called an , and each element has a numeric position in the array, known as its . an ordered collection of values element index An element inside an array can be of any type, and : string, , even objects or other arrays. This means that it’s possible to create an array that has a string in the first position, a number in the second, an object in the third, and so on. different elements of the same array can be of different types boolean Arrays in Javascript are , which means that the index of the first element is 0. This is very important, because it means that there always will be an offset of one unit: the first element has an index of 0, the second element has an index of 1, and so on. zero-based Here is a scheme of an array with different types of elements : Here at index 0 we find a string, at index 1 an integer, at index 2 a boolean, and at index 3 another array. This comes in very handy when you need to store collections of data in one place; now let’s see how to create and work with arrays. Declare an array Arrays can be very useful since (within the limits of the language, which is 2^(32) elements). you can store as many items of data in an array as you want So how do you create an array ? You need to declare a variable with the keyword, but the syntax to define the values of the array is very specific : you have to tell Javascript that you want it to be an array. var To do so, you have two choices : the array literal or the keyword. [] new Short syntax : with the array literal notation [] The array literal notation is simply a comma-separated list of array elements within square brackets. var myArray = [ "Jack", "Sawyer", "John", "Desmond" ]; The content of the array is defined between the opening and the closing brackets, and each value is separated by a comma. Values are introduced in the same way as simple variables, meaning for example that strings must be declared between quotation marks. To define a new empty array you just have to use empty brackets : var myArray = []; Long syntax : with the constructor Array() var lostArray = new Array("Jack", "Sawyer", "John", "Desmond" );var twinPeaksArray = new Array("Laura", 2, ["Bob", "Leland", "Dale"]); The keyword of this syntax asks Javascript to define a new Array, whose items are passed as parameters. new If you know in advance how many elements the array will contain, you can pass the count as a parameter to the constructor, and the array will automatically be created with that number of slots for elements (each element will be initialized with the value ) : undefined var myArray = new Array(80); This will create an empty array with 80 slots initialized with the value . undefined To define a new empty array with no particular number of items you can just initialize a new array with no parameters : var myArray = new Array(); Access elements of an array The index value of each element allows you to refer to each piece of data inside your array : you can access it using the operator : [] var myArray = ["Jack", "Sawyer", "John", "Desmond"]; console.log(myArray[0]); // Prints “Jack”console.log(myArray[3]); // Prints “Desmond” Remember that the index values start at 0, not 1. This means that array indexes start at 0 and go up to the number of elements, minus 1. So, our array of four elements has indexes from 0 to 3. As we saw, arrays can have several dimensions, which means that an array element can contain an array, whose elements can contain arrays, etc. So how do I access these arrays inside arrays, or multidimensional arrays ? Let’s take the example of an array representing a family, where the children of the family are contained in their own array inside the main array : var familyArray = ["Marge", "Homer", ["Bart", "Lisa", "Maggie"]]; We could represent this array like this : If I want to access the value “Lisa”, how will I manage to to that ? We can visualize the position of “Lisa” here in orange : at index 1 inside the nested array, itself positioned at index 2 of the main array : To access the “Lisa” value, I will then write : var lisa = familyArray[2][1]; console.log(lisa); // Prints "Lisa" This can go on almost indefinitely, and allow us to store very well organized collections of data nested inside one another, that will be accessible via their indexes. Add items to an array Adding an index We saw that you can access every element in in array by calling its corresponding index. This also allows us to add (or modify) elements by declaring for example : var myArray = [ "Kate", "Sun"];myArray[2] = "Juliet"; console.log(myArray); // Prints "Kate, Sun, Juliet" Here I simply added an element at index 2 of the array, which didn’t exist before but now contains the value “Juliet”. What happens if I declare an element at a given index and there are no elements in-between ? The array will create all the elements and initialize those that don’t have a value with : undefined var myArray = ["Kate", "Sun"]; myArray[5] = "Juliet";console.log(myArray.length); // Prints "6"console.log(myArray); // Prints ["Kate", "Sun", undefined, undefined, undefined, "Juliet"] You can find the length of an array by using the Array property called : here we can see that the array has now six elements, and the three elements that have not been assigned a value are undefined. length The method push() The method allows to add one or several items to an array. The method can receive an unlimited number of parameters, and each parameter represents an item to add at the end of the array. push() push() var myArray = [ "Kate", "Sun"]; myArray.push("Juliet"); // Adds "Juliet" at the end of the arraymyArray.push("Libby", "Shannon");// Adds "Libby" and "Shannon" at the end of the array. console.log(myaArray); // Prints ["Kate", "Sun", "Juliet", "Libby", "Shannon"] The method unshift() The method works like , except that the items are added at the beginning of the array. unshift() push() var myArray = [ "Kate", "Sun"]; myArray.unshift("Juliet"); // Adds "Juliet" at the beginning of the arraymyArray.unshift("Libby", "Shannon");// Adds "Libby" and "Shannon" at the beginning of the array. console.log(myaArray); // Prints ["Libby", "Shannon", "Juliet", "Kate", "Sun"] Suppress items from an array The and methods pop() shift() They respectively remove the last and first element from the array : var myArray = ["Jack", "Sawyer", "John", "Desmond", "Kate"]; myArray.pop(); // Removes "Kate"myArray.shift(); // Removes "Jack" console.log(myArray); // Prints ["Sawyer", "John", "Desmond"] The method splice() The method allows us to add/remove items to/from an array, and to specifically indicate the index of the elements that have to be added /removed : splice() In the following example, adds two elements starting at index 2 (the third element): splice var fruitArray = ["apple", "peach", "orange", "lemon" ,"lime", "cherry"];fruitArray.splice(2, 0, "melon", "banana"); console.log(fruitArray); // Prints ["apple", "peach", "melon", "banana", "orange", "lemon", "lime", "cherry"] The first parameter is the index : it specifies at what position of the array to add/remove items. Here we chose the index 2 (with the value “orange”). The second parameter is number of items to be removed. Here we set it to 0, so no items will be removed. The following optional parameters are the new item(s) to be added to the array. Here we want to add “melon” and “banana” starting at index 2. To remove only one element at index 2 (“orange”) for example, I would have to write : var fruitArray = ["apple", "peach", "orange", "lemon" ,"lime", "cherry"];fruitArray.splice(2,1); console.log(fruitArray); // Prints ["apple", "peach", "lemon", "lime", "cherry"] Check out also the method for another way to remove items from an array, but that will this time return a array instead of modifying the original. slice() new Want to learn more ? Check out my other articles on the basics of : JavaScript Hoisting in JavaScript: a Quick Guide Understand JavaScript Variable Scope with ease Get your head around “this” How to use JavaScript closures with confidence Grasp “By Value” and “By Reference” in JavaScript A Quick Handbook for Dates in JavaScript I hope you enjoyed this quick overview of working with arrays in JavaScript. Feel free to comment and like this article so that others can find it easily on Medium !

Work with JavaScript arrays like a boss

Trabaje con matrices de JavaScript como un jefe

Not first class seats by Andrew Scofield on Unsplash Functions: the killer JavaScript feature we never talk about. is a very in-demand language today. It runs in a lot of places from the browser to embedded systems and it brings a non-blocking I/O model that is faster than others for some types of applications. What really sets JavaScript apart from the rest of scripting languages is its highly functional nature. JavaScript JavaScript has more in common with functional languages like than with C or Java. — Douglas Crockford in Lisp or Scheme JavaScript: the World’s Most Misunderstood Language It’s a widely publicised fact that Brendan Eich, when creating the first version of JavaScript, was actually told he would be able to build a . It turns out that Sun Microsystems had other ideas and this language needed to wear a coat of procedural syntax inherited from a C or Java-like language. Despite all the semicolons, at its heart JavaScript remains a functional language with features such as first-class functions and closures. Lisp, a list processing language like Scheme or common Lisp programming This post will focus on first-class functions and higher order functions. To read more about closures and how to leverage them to wield JavaScript’s functional powers, I’ve written the : following post _To use JavaScript to its full potential you have to embrace its strong functional programming base._hackernoon.com Ingredients of Effective Functional JavaScript: Closures, Partial Application and Currying First-class functions A language with first-class functions means that it treats functions like expressions of any other type. Functions are like any other object. You can pass them into other functions as parameters: function runFunction(fn, data) {return fn(data);} You can assign a function as a value to a variable: var myFunc = function() {// do something}; const myNewGenFunc = someParam => someParam; You can return a function: function takeFirst(f, g) {return f;} First-class functions in practice Cheap dependency injection In languages without first-class functions to pass a dependency in you usually inject an object. Here we can just pass functions around, which is great. For example in Java to run a custom sort on an ArrayList, we have to use which expects a object as a parameter (see ). In JavaScript we use ( ) which expects a function. This is a bit less verbose since in this case we’re just going to be implementing one method of the interface ArrayList#sort Comparator the Java API docs here Array#sort MDN reference here Comparator It gets even better with ES6 default parameter syntax. // in fetch.jsimport axios from 'axios'; export function fetchSomething(fetch = axios) {return fetch('/get/some/resource');} // in someModule.jsimport axios from 'axios'; import { fetchSomething } from './fetch'; const fetcherWithHeaders = axios({// pass some custom configs}); fetchSomething(fetcherWithHeaders).then(/* do something */).catch(/* handle error */); // in someOtherModule.js import { fetchSomething } from './fetch'; fetchSomething().then(/* do something */).catch(/* handle error */); Callbacks and non-blocking IO JavaScript’s default behaviour on IO is non-blocking. This means we tend to pass a lot of callbacks (until Promises came along at least). Being able to pass a function as a callback instead of an object on which we will run a method (like we would in say Java) means we can have terseness in callback-based code. For example in Node: const fs = require('fs'); fs.readFile('./myFile.txt', 'utf-8', function(err, data) {// this is a callback, it gets executed// once the file has been read}); More functional programming primitives that require first-class functions Being able to return a function and closures means we have access to things like partial application and currying. . Read more about those FP superpowers here It also means we can start creating higher order functions. Higher order functions A function is a higher order function if it takes a function as a parameter, or returns a function as its result. Both of these requirements rely on functions being first-class objects in a language. , and / are the functions present in JavaScript that map to classic higher order functions in other functional languages. map filter reduce reduceRight In other languages: map tends to be called map or transform filter is called select in some languages reduce and reduceRight are the fold left and right functions (also called accumulate, aggregate, compress or inject in different languages) In functional programming languages, there are no loops. When you need to do an operation like traversing a list or a tree, there are two predominant styles: recursion and higher order functions. Recursion relies on a function calling itself, usually on a different part of the parameter (list being traversed for example). That’s a topic for . another post Higher order functions are usually provided by the language. In ES6 JavaScript these functions are defined on the Array prototype. Array#map is used if we want to perform the same change on each member of the array. It takes the function that should be applied to each element of the array as a parameter. That function is passed as parameters. map (element, index, wholeArray) const myArr = [ 'some text', 'more text', 'final text' ]; const mappedArr = myArr.map( function(str) {return str.split(' ');}); console.log(mappedArr);// [ [ 'some', 'text' ], [ 'more', 'text' ], [ 'final', 'text' ] ] Array#filter allows us to pick which elements of the array should remain in the transformed list by passing a filtering function that returns a Boolean value (true/false). As for this functions is passed . filter map (element, index, wholeArray) const myArr = [ 5, 10, 4, 50, 3 ]; const multiplesOfFive = myArr.filter( function(num) {return num % 5 === 0;}); console.log(multiplesOfFive);// [ 5, 10, 50 ] Array#reduce is used to change the shape of the array. We provide more than 1 parameter to this function (in addition to the array we’re reducing). We pass a reducing function and optionally the initial value of to reduce with. The function is passed . is the value returned by the previous reduction, for the first iteration that means it’s either the initial value of the first element of the array. is the value in the array at which we’re at. reduce (prev, curr, index, wholeArray) prev curr The classic example is summing or concatenating. const myNumbers = [ 1, 2, 5 ];const myWords = [ 'These', 'all', 'form', 'a', 'sentence' ]; const sum = myNumbers.reduce( function(prev, curr) {return prev + curr;}, 0); console.log(sum); // 8 const sentence = myWords.reduce( (prev, curr) => {return prev + ' ' + curr;}); // the initial value is optional console.log(sentence);// 'These all form a sentence' If you want to learn more about the internal of , and or recursion, I’ve reimplemented them in a recursive style using ES6 destructuring in the following post: map filter reduce _The latest ECMA standard for JavaScript (ECMAScript 6) makes JavaScript more readable by encouraging a more declarative…_hackernoon.com Recursion in JavaScript with ES6, destructuring and rest/spread Higher order functions in practice No more loops Higher order functions allow us to get rid of the imperative loops that seem to be spread everywhere. var newArr = [];var myArr = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; for(var i = 0; i < myArr.length; i++) {newArr.push(myArr[i] * 2);} console.log(newArr); // [ 2, 4, 6 ] // nicer with `map`const doubled = myArr.map( x => x * 2 );console.log(doubled); // [ 2, 4, 6 ] The intent is just clearer with map. We can also extract the function so we’re making our code more readable and modular. double const double = x => x * 2;const doubled = arr.map(double); It reads like a book and that’s important because we write for humans not machines. Side-effect free programming higher order functions do not mutate the variable they are called on. This is good, because the loop-based approach using and changes it. It means if you pass a variable as a parameter, it’s not suddenly going to get changed by a function down the call stack. Array .push .pop // some random module// obviously no one actually does thisfunction doesBadSideEffect(arr) {return arr.pop();} // somewhere quite importantvar arr = [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]; var joinedLetters = ''; for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {joinedLetters += arr[i];doesBadSideEffect(arr)} console.log(joinedLetters);// whoops 'ab'// even though the naming makes us// expect 'abc' Declarative Code Optimisations In some languages functions like are parallelised. That’s because we don’t actually need to know what’s in the rest of the array to compute this particular element’s new value. If we’re doing complex things in the mapping function then this sort of optimisation could be very useful. map Effective Functional JavaScript Use first-class and higher order functions to write nicer code more easily. It’s nice and declarative instead of imperative, say what you want done not how to do it This will enable you to compose your functions and write code that is extremely terse without losing readability. Remember to give this post some 💚 if you liked it. Follow me Hugo Di Francesco or @hugo__df for more JavaScript content :). Edit: 24/01/2017, rephrased “Callbacks and non-blocking IO” following Anton Alexandrenok ’s comments

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