Moonfare

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The internet is full of portfolios, and getting an employer’s attention in today's marketplace can be quite a challenge. Here I have compiled a nice list of 21 awesome DEV portfolios to inspire you to build or upgrade yours. Enjoy! 1 - Sean Halpin 2 - Marc Thomas 3 - Hype4 4 - Koombea 5 - Daniel Korpai 6 - Robby Leonardi 7 - Bruno Simon 8 - Rafael Caferati 9 - Brittany Chiang 10 - Joe Rutland 11 - Jacek Jeznach 12 - Kuon Yagi 13 - Moonfarmer 14 - Titus Klein 15 - Jenny Johannesson 16 - Riccardo Zanutta 17 - J&P MEDIA LABS 18 - Animal 19 - Yul Moreau 20 - Resn 21 - Active Theory I hope you enjoyed the read! Feel free to follow me on , , , and ! Twitter LinkedIn GitHub Hashnode DEV Contact me via for more. hi@madza.dev Previously published at https://blog.madza.dev/21-awesome-dev-portfolios-for-your-inspiration

21 Best Developer Portfolio Examples

21 mejores ejemplos de cartera de desarrolladores

NEW YORK, New York, May 7th, 2024/Chainwire/-- Spectral is excited to announce its participation in Hugging Face's Expert Support Program. Spectral is collaborating with deep learning experts from Hugging Face to advance open-source models, datasets, and applications for the Onchain Agent Economy. How To Use Hugging Face Hugging Face plays a critical role across Spectral's organization. Through the Expert Support Program, Spectral regularly meets with the Hugging Face team to plan new use cases, strategize dataset construction, and develop training strategies. Earlier this year, Spectral launched Syntax, which is composed of a fine-tuned LLM orchestrator that routes queries between several tools, including search, Foundry, and an open-source model to generate Solidity code. Building Syntax required custom datasets for both finetuning and RAG, an original Solidity evaluation dataset written by elite smart contract developers, and experimentation across a wide range of open and closed-source models. Spectral's approach to dataset preparation, training, routing, and evaluation has drastically improved during this process, largely due to help from Hugging Face experts. Regular discussions on Spectral's approach mean that the company always receives impartial feedback on its decisions and can reevaluate its strategy as needed. This was important for both the finetuning and evaluation steps, which have now gone through several rounds of improvement thanks to the Hugging Face team. Spectral also relies on Hugging Face for inferences in production through dedicated Inference Endpoints. The fully managed infrastructure allows Spectral to iterate on new models quickly, easily update container and hardware configurations, autoscale with demand, and keep production costs low. Over the coming months, Spectral is excited to continue to open-source its work with onchain datasets and models that interact onchain through Hugging Face. Users can view Spectral's training dataset for the credit scoring challenge and follow its progress here. The Onchain Agent Economy Syntax is pioneering the accessible onchain Agent Economy, inviting users to select agents tailored for their specific tasks. Users can either interact with the foundational agent to generate solidity code or opt for one of the specialized agents, each adept in distinct tasks. For example, we recently launched Syntax MoonMaker, an agent that launches a memecoin project end to end and are soon launching Syntax- TestMachine, an agent that detects vulnerabilities in your smart contracts. Many such agents are currently in production, and upcoming releases of our product will allow users to create their own agents and monetize them on the Syntax network. This system relies on a vast suite of functions available to language models, open-source models for tasks like classification and image generation, fast and reliable blockchain infrastructure, and a trustless system to execute and verify each step. To solve these problems, we've begun developing the Inferchain, optimized to serve the rapidly growing demand for agents and verifiable inferences. Hugging Face Users Joining The Onchain AI Community The importance of open collaboration cannot be overstated. Like many other projects, Spectral would not exist without the work of open-source contributors. Spectral is greatly indebted to everyone who makes this work possible and believes this positive impact should be recognized. As part of this engagement, Spectral is focusing specifically on users powering the AI community. The top individual and small organization contributors on Hugging Face, measured by likes and downloads of their models and datasets, are eligible to register to claim a share of SPEC tokens starting the week of May 6th. Users can check eligibility by signing in with their Hugging Face account here. A snapshot of activity was taken last month, and eligible users will not need an existing wallet to claim. This airdrop is designed to recognize users for their critical work and enable new functionality for the next generation of AI tools. Criteria Spectral reviewed all individual contributors from organizations with less than 10 members that published models or datasets. From these, Spectral took a combined measure of activity from likes and downloads for both models and datasets. Then, Spectral identified the users with the most combined activity from both model and dataset publishers (11298 in both categories) which resulted in a final list of 20,004 unique huggingface users. Spectral is looking forward to engaging further with the open-source community and building the future of AI x web3! https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ About Spectral Spectral, a pioneer of the agent economy behind Syntax, is at the forefront of integrating AI with blockchain to democratize development in Web3. Spectral's mission is to simplify the creation and deployment of decentralized applications through autonomous Onchain Agents. Syntax, Spectral’s flagship product, translates natural language into Solidity code, enabling both novices and experts to build on the blockchain effortlessly. With a commitment to transparency and user empowerment, Spectral is shaping a future where anyone can participate in the blockchain revolution. Join Spectral in making this vision a reality and explore the potential of autonomous agents. For more information, visit https://spectrallabs.xyz. For more information, users can follow Spectral on Twitter and Discord. Contact Spectral Labs Team contact@spectral.finance This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. NEW YORK, New York, May 7th, 2024/Chainwire/-- Spectral is excited to announce its participation in Hugging Face's Expert Support Program. Spectral is collaborating with deep learning experts from Hugging Face to advance open-source models, datasets, and applications for the Onchain Agent Economy. How To Use Hugging Face Hugging Face plays a critical role across Spectral's organization. Through the Expert Support Program, Spectral regularly meets with the Hugging Face team to plan new use cases, strategize dataset construction, and develop training strategies. Earlier this year, Spectral launched Syntax, which is composed of a fine-tuned LLM orchestrator that routes queries between several tools, including search, Foundry , and an open-source model to generate Solidity code. Foundry Foundry an open-source model an open-source model Building Syntax required custom datasets for both finetuning and RAG, an original Solidity evaluation dataset written by elite smart contract developers, and experimentation across a wide range of open and closed-source models. Spectral's approach to dataset preparation, training, routing, and evaluation has drastically improved during this process, largely due to help from Hugging Face experts. Regular discussions on Spectral's approach mean that the company always receives impartial feedback on its decisions and can reevaluate its strategy as needed. This was important for both the finetuning and evaluation steps, which have now gone through several rounds of improvement thanks to the Hugging Face team. Spectral also relies on Hugging Face for inferences in production through dedicated Inference Endpoints. The fully managed infrastructure allows Spectral to iterate on new models quickly, easily update container and hardware configurations, autoscale with demand, and keep production costs low. Over the coming months, Spectral is excited to continue to open-source its work with onchain datasets and models that interact onchain through Hugging Face. Users can view Spectral's training dataset for the credit scoring challenge and follow its progress here . here here The Onchain Agent Economy Syntax is pioneering the accessible onchain Agent Economy, inviting users to select agents tailored for their specific tasks. Users can either interact with the foundational agent to generate solidity code or opt for one of the specialized agents, each adept in distinct tasks. For example, we recently launched Syntax MoonMaker, an agent that launches a memecoin project end to end and are soon launching Syntax- TestMachine, an agent that detects vulnerabilities in your smart contracts. Many such agents are currently in production, and upcoming releases of our product will allow users to create their own agents and monetize them on the Syntax network. This system relies on a vast suite of functions available to language models, open-source models for tasks like classification and image generation, fast and reliable blockchain infrastructure, and a trustless system to execute and verify each step. To solve these problems, we've begun developing the Inferchain, optimized to serve the rapidly growing demand for agents and verifiable inferences. Hugging Face Users Joining The Onchain AI Community The importance of open collaboration cannot be overstated. Like many other projects, Spectral would not exist without the work of open-source contributors. Spectral is greatly indebted to everyone who makes this work possible and believes this positive impact should be recognized. As part of this engagement, Spectral is focusing specifically on users powering the AI community. The top individual and small organization contributors on Hugging Face, measured by likes and downloads of their models and datasets, are eligible to register to claim a share of SPEC tokens starting the week of May 6th. Users can check eligibility by signing in with their Hugging Face account here . here here A snapshot of activity was taken last month, and eligible users will not need an existing wallet to claim. This airdrop is designed to recognize users for their critical work and enable new functionality for the next generation of AI tools. Criteria Spectral reviewed all individual contributors from organizations with less than 10 members that published models or datasets. From these, Spectral took a combined measure of activity from likes and downloads for both models and datasets. Then, Spectral identified the users with the most combined activity from both model and dataset publishers (11298 in both categories) which resulted in a final list of 20,004 unique huggingface users. Spectral is looking forward to engaging further with the open-source community and building the future of AI x web3! https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ About Spectral Spectral , a pioneer of the agent economy behind Syntax, is at the forefront of integrating AI with blockchain to democratize development in Web3. Spectral's mission is to simplify the creation and deployment of decentralized applications through autonomous Onchain Agents. Spectral Spectral Syntax, Spectral’s flagship product, translates natural language into Solidity code, enabling both novices and experts to build on the blockchain effortlessly. With a commitment to transparency and user empowerment, Spectral is shaping a future where anyone can participate in the blockchain revolution. Join Spectral in making this vision a reality and explore the potential of autonomous agents. For more information, visit https://spectrallabs.xyz . For more information, users can follow Spectral on Twitter and Discord . https://spectrallabs.xyz Twitter Twitter Discord Discord Contact Spectral Labs Team contact@spectral.finance This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

Spectral Labs Joins Hugging Face’s ESP Program: Advancing The Onchain x Open-Source AI Community

স্পেকট্রাল ল্যাবগুলি আলিঙ্গন মুখের ইএসপি প্রোগ্রামে যোগ দেয়: অনচেইন এক্স ওপেন-সোর্স এআই সম্প্রদায়কে এগিয়ে নিয়ে যাওয়া

Spectral Labs nimmt am ESP-Programm von Hugging Face teil: Förderung der Onchain x Open-Source-KI-Community

Spectral Labs se une al programa ESP de Hugging Face: avanzando en la comunidad de IA de código abierto Onchain x

Spectral Labs rejoint le programme ESP de Hugging Face : faire progresser la communauté d'IA Onchain x Open-Source

स्पेक्ट्रल लैब्स हगिंग फेस के ईएसपी कार्यक्रम में शामिल हुई: ऑनचेन एक्स ओपन-सोर्स एआई समुदाय को आगे बढ़ाना

Spectral Labs が Hugging Face の ESP プログラムに参加: オンチェーン x オープンソース AI コミュニティの発展

Spectral Labs, Hugging Face의 ESP 프로그램에 합류: Onchain x 오픈 소스 AI 커뮤니티 발전

Spectral Labs junta-se ao programa ESP da Hugging Face: Avançando a comunidade Onchain x Open-Source AI

Spectral Labs присоединяется к программе ESP Hugging Face: развитие сообщества искусственного интеллекта с открытым исходным кодом Onchain x

Spectral Labs, Hugging Face'in ESP Programına Katılıyor: Onchain x Açık Kaynak Yapay Zeka Topluluğunu Geliştirme

Spectral Labs tham gia chương trình ESP của Hugging Face: Thúc đẩy cộng đồng AI mã nguồn mở Onchain x

Spectral Labs 加入 Hugging Face 的 ESP 计划：推进 Onchain x 开源 AI 社区

This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Joel Jang, CarperAI,University of Washington & Allen Institute for AI; (2) Seungone Kim, KAIST AI; (3) Yizhong Wang, University of Washington; (4) Jack Hessel, University of Washington; (5) Luke Zettlemoyer, Aleph Alpha; (6) Hannaneh Hajishirzi, University of Washington & Allen Institute for AI; (7) Yejin Choi, UC San Diego. 5 CONCLUSION Previous work has shown that adapting LLMs with RLHF helps them generate outputs that are preferred by humans over the supervised fine-tuned counterpart. However, recent work has also pointed out that simply training LLMs to abide by the preference of the general may result in ignoring individual preferences and values. In this work, we provide the first steps to tackle this issue by proposing Reinforcement Learning from Personalized Human Feedback as a multi-objective problem so that LLMs can be aligned to follow conflicting preferences. We propose a promising method called P-SOUPS that is able to composite models trained on single objectives on the fly during inference. We also highlight the scalability of P-SOUPS by showing that it scales linearly, instead of exponentially like the MORL baseline, with regards to the number of new preferences, which is required to provide true personalization to individual users. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to Minyoung Hwang, Sungdong Kim, Tim Dettmers, Yoonjoo Lee, and Margaret Li for helpful feedback and discussion. REFERENCES Xiang Ao, Xiting Wang, Ling Luo, Ying Qiao, Qing He, and Xing Xie. PENS: A dataset and generic framework for personalized news headline generation. In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 82–92, Online, August 2021. Association for Computational Linguistics. doi: 10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.7. 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In International conference on machine learning, pp. 10607–10616. PMLR, 2020. Jing Xu, Arthur Szlam, and Jason Weston. Beyond goldfish memory: Long-term open-domain conversation. In Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 5180–5197, Dublin, Ireland, May 2022. Association for Computational Linguistics. doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.356. URL https: //aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.356. Runzhe Yang, Xingyuan Sun, and Karthik Narasimhan. A generalized algorithm for multi-objective reinforcement learning and policy adaptation. Advances in neural information processing systems, 32, 2019. Saizheng Zhang, Emily Dinan, Jack Urbanek, Arthur Szlam, Douwe Kiela, and Jason Weston. Personalizing dialogue agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too? arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.07243, 2018. Lianmin Zheng, Wei-Lin Chiang, Ying Sheng, Siyuan Zhuang, Zhanghao Wu, Yonghao Zhuang, Zi Lin, Zhuohan Li, Dacheng Li, Eric Xing, et al. Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.05685, 2023. Yinhe Zheng, Guanyi Chen, Minlie Huang, Song Liu, and Xuan Zhu. Personalized dialogue generation with diversified traits. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.09672, 2019. Daniel M Ziegler, Nisan Stiennon, Jeffrey Wu, Tom B Brown, Alec Radford, Dario Amodei, Paul Christiano, and Geoffrey Irving. Fine-tuning language models from human preferences. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.08593, 2019. A DETAILS OF EVALUATION SETUP We use a modified version of the GPT4 annotation prompt used by Dubois et al. (2023). We modify the criteria to perform the pairwise evaluation from general to a single preference dimension. We also provide 3 demonstrations: one scenario where there is a tie because both responses do not contain any notion of the preference (e.g. both responses do not show any signs of friendliness), one scenario where there is a clear winner, and one scenario where they are both good, but one is better than the other. Simulated pairwise evaluation We recruited 24 crowd workers for our human evaluation. Figure 5 shows the interface used for human evaluation. We consider both the ‘Tie’ and ‘Both are bad’ options to be Ties. B CRITERIA-WISE EVALUATION The criteria-wise win rate (%) across all the methods are shown in Figure 6. The criteria-wise win rate was calculated by getting the average win-rate of the preference combinations that contained the specific preference dimension. For example, when calculating the criteria-wise win rate of ‘Elementary’, we got the average win-rate of the preference combinations that contained the ‘Elementary’ preference, which includes AAA, AAB, ABA, and ABB. C THE FULL LIST OF EVALUATION PROMPTS The full list of evaluation prompts used in our experiments are provided in Table 5 D DETAILED RESULTS FOR HUMAN EVALUATION AND GPT-4 EVALUATION We provide detailed results (win / loss / tie for each of the preference combinations for our main experimental results. Table 6 shows the GPT4 evaluation and Table 7 shows the human evaluation results. E EXAMPLES OF P-SOUPS TEXT GENERATIONS Table 8 shows empirical examples of the text generated from each preference combination of the 16 preference combination experiments for the same prompt.

Personalized Soups: LLM Alignment Via Parameter Merging - Conclusion & References

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. . Authors: Gemini Team, Google Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Model Architecture Training Infrastructure Training Dataset Evaluation Responsible Deployment Discussion and Conclusion, References Contributions and Acknowledgments Appendix 8. Contributions and Acknowledgments Leads Rohan Anil, Co-Lead, Text Sebastian Borgeaud, Co-Lead, Text Yonghui Wu, Co-Lead, Text Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Co-Lead, MM Vision Jiahui Yu, Co-Lead, MM Vision Radu Soricut*, Co-Lead, MM Vision* Johan Schalkwyk, Lead, MM Audio Andrew M. Dai, Co-Lead, Data Anja Hauth*, Co-Lead, Data* Katie Millican, Co-Lead, Data David Silver, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Slav Petrov, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Melvin Johnson, Lead, Instruction Tuning Ioannis Antonoglou*, Co-Lead, RL Techniques* Julian Schrittwieser, Co-Lead, RL Techniques Amelia Glaese, Lead, Human Data Jilin Chen, Lead, Safety Emily Pitler, Co-Lead, Tool Use Timothy Lillicrap, Co-Lead, Tool Use Angeliki Lazaridou, Co-Lead, Eval Orhan Firat, Co-Lead, Eval James Molloy, Co-Lead, Infra Michael Isard, Co-Lead, Infra Paul R. Barham, Co-Lead, Infra Tom Hennigan, Co-Lead, Infra Benjamin Lee, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Fabio Viola, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Malcolm Reynolds, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Yuanzhong Xu, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Ryan Doherty, Lead, Ecosystem Eli Collins, Lead, Product Clemens Meyer, Co-Lead, Operations Eliza Rutherford, Co-Lead, Operations Erica Moreira, Co-Lead, Operations Kareem Ayoub, Co-Lead, Operations Megha Goel, Co-Lead, Operations Core Contributors George Tucker Enrique Piqueras Maxim Krikun Iain Barr Nikolay Savinov Ivo Danihelka Becca Roelofs Core Contributors Anaïs White Anders Andreassen Tamara von Glehn Lakshman Yagati Mehran Kazemi Lucas Gonzalez Misha Khalman Jakub Sygnowski Alexandre Frechette Charlotte Smith Laura Culp Lev Proleev Yi Luan Xi Chen James Lottes Nathan Schucher Federico Lebron Alban Rrustemi Natalie Clay Phil Crone Tomas Kocisky Jeffrey Zhao Bartek Perz Dian Yu Heidi Howard Adam Bloniarz Jack W. Rae Han Lu Laurent Sifre Marcello Maggioni Fred Alcober Dan Garrette Megan Barnes Shantanu Thakoor Jacob Austin Gabriel Barth-Maron William Wong Rishabh Joshi Rahma Chaabouni Deeni Fatiha Arun Ahuja Ruibo Liu Yunxuan Li Sarah Cogan Jeremy Chen Core Contributors Chao Jia Chenjie Gu Qiao Zhang Jordan Grimstad Ale Jakse Hartman Martin Chadwick Gaurav Singh Tomar Xavier Garcia Evan Senter Emanuel Taropa Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai Jacob Devlin Michael Laskin Diego de Las Casas Dasha Valter Connie Tao Lorenzo Blanco Adrià Puigdomènech Badia David Reitter Mianna Chen Jenny Brennan Clara Rivera Sergey Brin Shariq Iqbal Gabriela Surita Jane Labanowski Abhi Rao Stephanie Winkler Emilio Parisotto Yiming Gu Kate Olszewska Yujing Zhang Ravi Addanki Antoine Miech Annie Louis Laurent El Shafey Denis Teplyashin Geoff Brown Elliot Catt Nithya Attaluri Jan Balaguer Jackie Xiang Pidong Wang Zoe Ashwood Anton Briukhov Albert Webson Sanjay Ganapathy Smit Sanghavi Core Contributors Ajay Kannan Ming-Wei Chang Axel Stjerngren Josip Djolonga Yuting Sun Ankur Bapna Matthew Aitchison Pedram Pejman Henryk Michalewski Tianhe Yu Cindy Wang Juliette Love Junwhan Ahn Dawn Bloxwich Kehang Han Peter Humphreys Thibault Sellam James Bradbury Varun Godbole Sina Samangooei Bogdan Damoc Alex Kaskasoli Sébastien M. R. Arnold Vijay Vasudevan Shubham Agrawal Jason Riesa Dmitry Lepikhin Richard Tanburn Srivatsan Srinivasan Hyeontaek Lim Sarah Hodkinson Pranav Shyam Johan Ferret Steven Hand Ankush Garg Tom Le Paine Jian Li Yujia Li Minh Giang Alexander Neitz Zaheer Abbas Sarah York Machel Reid Elizabeth Cole Aakanksha Chowdhery Dipanjan Das Dominika Rogozińska Vitaly Nikolaev Core Contributors Pablo Sprechmann Zachary Nado Lukas Zilka Flavien Prost Luheng He Marianne Monteiro Gaurav Mishra Chris Welty Josh Newlan Dawei Jia Miltiadis Allamanis Clara Huiyi Hu Raoul de Liedekerke Justin Gilmer Carl Saroufim Shruti Rijhwani Shaobo Hou Disha Shrivastava Anirudh Baddepudi Alex Goldin Adnan Ozturel Albin Cassirer Yunhan Xu Daniel Sohn Devendra Sachan Reinald Kim Amplayo Craig Swanson Dessie Petrova Shashi Narayan Arthur Guez Siddhartha Brahma Jessica Landon Miteyan Patel Ruizhe Zhao Kevin Villela Luyu Wang Wenhao Jia Matthew Rahtz Mai Giménez Legg Yeung Hanzhao Lin James Keeling Petko Georgiev Diana Mincu Boxi Wu Salem Haykal Rachel Saputro Kiran Vodrahalli Core Contributors James Qin Zeynep Cankara Abhanshu Sharma Nick Fernando Will Hawkins Behnam Neyshabur Solomon Kim Adrian Hutter Priyanka Agrawal Alex Castro-Ros George van den Driessche Tao Wang Fan Yang Shuo-yiin Chang Paul Komarek Ross McIlroy Mario Lučić Guodong Zhang Wael Farhan Michael Sharman Paul Natsev Paul Michel Yong Cheng Yamini Bansal Siyuan Qiao Kris Cao Siamak Shakeri Christina Butterfield Justin Chung Paul Kishan Rubenstein Shivani Agrawal Arthur Mensch Kedar Soparkar Karel Lenc Timothy Chung Aedan Pope Loren Maggiore Jackie Kay Priya Jhakra Shibo Wang Joshua Maynez Mary Phuong Taylor Tobin Andrea Tacchetti Maja Trebacz Kevin Robinson Yash Katariya Sebastian Riedel Core Contributors Paige Bailey Kefan Xiao Nimesh Ghelani Lora Aroyo Ambrose Slone Neil Houlsby Xuehan Xiong Zhen Yang Elena Gribovskaya Jonas Adler Mateo Wirth Lisa Lee Music Li Thais Kagohara Jay Pavagadhi Sophie Bridgers Anna Bortsova Sanjay Ghemawat Zafarali Ahmed Tianqi Liu Richard Powell Vijay Bolina Mariko Iinuma Polina Zablotskaia James Besley Da-Woon Chung Timothy Dozat Ramona Comanescu Xiance Si Jeremy Greer Guolong Su Martin Polacek Raphaël Lopez Kaufman Simon Tokumine Hexiang Hu Elena Buchatskaya Yingjie Miao Mohamed Elhawaty Aditya Siddhant Nenad Tomasev Jinwei Xing Christina Greer Helen Miller Shereen Ashraf Aurko Roy Zizhao Zhang Ada Ma Angelos Filos Core Contributors Milos Besta Rory Blevins Ted Klimenko Chih-Kuan Yeh Soravit Changpinyo Jiaqi Mu Oscar Chang Mantas Pajarskas Carrie Muir Vered Cohen Charline Le Lan Krishna Haridasan Amit Marathe Steven Hansen Sholto Douglas Rajkumar Samuel Mingqiu Wang Sophia Austin Chang Lan Jiepu Jiang Justin Chiu Jaime Alonso Lorenzo Lars Lowe Sjösund Sébastien Cevey Zach Gleicher Thi Avrahami Anudhyan Boral Hansa Srinivasan Vittorio Selo Rhys May Konstantinos Aisopos Léonard Hussenot Livio Baldini Soares Kate Baumli Michael B. Chang Adrià Recasens Ben Caine Alexander Pritzel Filip Pavetic Fabio Pardo Anita Gergely Justin Frye Vinay Ramasesh Dan Horgan Kartikeya Badola Nora Kassner Subhrajit Roy Ethan Dyer Core Contributors Víctor Campos Alex Tomala Yunhao Tang Dalia El Badawy Elspeth White Basil Mustafa Oran Lang Abhishek Jindal Sharad Vikram Zhitao Gong Sergi Caelles Ross Hemsley Gregory Thornton Fangxiaoyu Feng Wojciech Stokowiec Ce Zheng Phoebe Thacker Çağlar Ünlü Zhishuai Zhang Mohammad Saleh James Svensson Max Bileschi Piyush Patil Ankesh Anand Roman Ring Katerina Tsihlas Arpi Vezer Marco Selvi Toby Shevlane Mikel Rodriguez Tom Kwiatkowski Samira Daruki Keran Rong Allan Dafoe Nicholas FitzGerald Keren Gu-Lemberg Mina Khan Lisa Anne Hendricks Marie Pellat Vladimir Feinberg James Cobon-Kerr Tara Sainath Maribeth Rauh Sayed Hadi Hashemi Richard Ives Yana Hasson YaGuang Li Eric Noland Core Contributors Yuan Cao Nathan Byrd Le Hou Qingze Wang Thibault Sottiaux Michela Paganini Jean-Baptiste Lespiau Alexandre Moufarek Samer Hassan Kaushik Shivakumar Joost van Amersfoort Amol Mandhane Pratik Joshi Anirudh Goyal Matthew Tung Andrew Brock Hannah Sheahan Vedant Misra Cheng Li Nemanja Rakićević Mostafa Dehghani Fangyu Liu Sid Mittal Junhyuk Oh Seb Noury Eren Sezener Fantine Huot Matthew Lamm Nicola De Cao Charlie Chen Contributors Gamaleldin Elsayed Ed Chi Mahdis Mahdieh Ian Tenney Nan Hua Ivan Petrychenko Patrick Kane Dylan Scandinaro Rishub Jain Jonathan Uesato Romina Datta Adam Sadovsky Oskar Bunyan Dominik Rabiej Shimu Wu John Zhang Contributors Gautam Vasudevan Edouard Leurent Mahmoud Alnahlawi Ionut Georgescu Nan Wei Ivy Zheng Betty Chan Pam G Rabinovitch Piotr Stanczyk Ye Zhang David Steiner Subhajit Naskar Michael Azzam Matthew Johnson Adam Paszke Chung-Cheng Chiu Jaume Sanchez Elias Afroz Mohiuddin Faizan Muhammad Jin Miao Andrew Lee Nino Vieillard Sahitya Potluri Jane Park Elnaz Davoodi Jiageng Zhang Jeff Stanway Drew Garmon Abhijit Karmarkar Zhe Dong Jong Lee Aviral Kumar Luowei Zhou Jonathan Evens William Isaac Zhe Chen Johnson Jia Anselm Levskaya Zhenkai Zhu Chris Gorgolewski Peter Grabowski Yu Mao Alberto Magni Kaisheng Yao Javier Snaider Norman Casagrande Paul Suganthan Evan Palmer Contributors Geoffrey Irving Edward Loper Manaal Faruqui Isha Arkatkar Nanxin Chen Izhak Shafran Michael Fink Alfonso Castaño Irene Giannoumis Wooyeol Kim Mikołaj Rybiński Ashwin Sreevatsa Jennifer Prendki David Soergel Adrian Goedeckemeyer Willi Gierke Mohsen Jafari Meenu Gaba Jeremy Wiesner Diana Gage Wright Yawen Wei Harsha Vashisht Yana Kulizhskaya Jay Hoover Maigo Le Lu Li Chimezie Iwuanyanwu Lu Liu Kevin Ramirez Andrey Khorlin Albert Cui Tian LIN Marin Georgiev Marcus Wu Ricardo Aguilar Keith Pallo Abhishek Chakladar Alena Repina Xihui Wu Tom van der Weide Priya Ponnapalli Caroline Kaplan Jiri Simsa Shuangfeng Li Olivier Dousse Fan Yang Jeff Piper Nathan Ie Contributors Minnie Lui Rama Pasumarthi Nathan Lintz Anitha Vijayakumar Lam Nguyen Thiet Daniel Andor Pedro Valenzuela Cosmin Paduraru Daiyi Peng Katherine Lee Shuyuan Zhang Somer Greene Duc Dung Nguyen Paula Kurylowicz Sarmishta Velury Sebastian Krause Cassidy Hardin Lucas Dixon Lili Janzer Kiam Choo Ziqiang Feng Biao Zhang Achintya Singhal Tejasi Latkar Mingyang Zhang Quoc Le Elena Allica Abellan Dayou Du Dan McKinnon Natasha Antropova Tolga Bolukbasi Orgad Keller David Reid Daniel Finchelstein Maria Abi Raad Remi Crocker Peter Hawkins Robert Dadashi Colin Gaffney Sid Lall Ken Franko Egor Filonov Anna Bulanova Rémi Leblond Vikas Yadav Shirley Chung Harry Askham Luis C. Cobo Contributors Kelvin Xu Felix Fischer Jun Xu Christina Sorokin Chris Alberti Chu-Cheng Lin Colin Evans Hao Zhou Alek Dimitriev Hannah Forbes Dylan Banarse Zora Tung Jeremiah Liu Mark Omernick Colton Bishop Chintu Kumar Rachel Sterneck Ryan Foley Rohan Jain Swaroop Mishra Jiawei Xia Taylor Bos Geoffrey Cideron Ehsan Amid Francesco Piccinno Xingyu Wang Praseem Banzal Petru Gurita Hila Noga Premal Shah Daniel J. Mankowitz Alex Polozov Nate Kushman Victoria Krakovna Sasha Brown MohammadHossein Bateni Dennis Duan Vlad Firoiu Meghana Thotakuri Tom Natan Anhad Mohananey Matthieu Geist Sidharth Mudgal Sertan Girgin Hui Li Jiayu Ye Ofir Roval Reiko Tojo Contributors Michael Kwong James Lee-Thorp Christopher Yew Quan Yuan Sumit Bagri Danila Sinopalnikov Sabela Ramos John Mellor Abhishek Sharma Aliaksei Severyn Jonathan Lai Kathy Wu Heng-Tze Cheng David Miller Nicolas Sonnerat Denis Vnukov Rory Greig Jennifer Beattie Emily Caveness Libin Bai Julian Eisenschlos Alex Korchemniy Tomy Tsai Mimi Jasarevic Weize Kong Phuong Dao Zeyu Zheng Frederick Liu Fan Yang Rui Zhu Mark Geller Tian Huey Teh Jason Sanmiya Evgeny Gladchenko Nejc Trdin Andrei Sozanschi Daniel Toyama Evan Rosen Sasan Tavakkol Linting Xue Chen Elkind Oliver Woodman John Carpenter George Papamakarios Rupert Kemp Sushant Kafle Tanya Grunina Rishika Sinha Contributors Alice Talbert Abhimanyu Goyal Diane Wu Denese Owusu-Afriyie Cosmo Du Chloe Thornton Jordi Pont-Tuset Pradyumna Narayana Jing Li Saaber Fatehi John Wieting Omar Ajmeri Benigno Uria Tao Zhu Yeongil Ko Laura Knight Amélie Héliou Ning Niu Shane Gu Chenxi Pang Dustin Tran Yeqing Li Nir Levine Ariel Stolovich Norbert Kalb Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez Sonam Goenka Wenny Yustalim Robin Strudel Ali Elqursh Balaji Lakshminarayanan Charlie Deck Shyam Upadhyay Hyo Lee Mike Dusenberry Zonglin Li Xuezhi Wang Kyle Levin Raphael Hoffmann Dan Holtmann-Rice Olivier Bachem Summer Yue Sho Arora Eric Malmi Daniil Mirylenka Qijun Tan Christy Koh Soheil Hassas Yeganeh Contributors Siim Põder Steven Zheng Francesco Pongetti Mukarram Tariq Yanhua Sun Lucian Ionita Mojtaba Seyedhosseini Pouya Tafti Ragha Kotikalapudi Zhiyu Liu Anmol Gulati Jasmine Liu Xinyu Ye Bart Chrzaszcz Lily Wang Nikhil Sethi Tianrun Li Ben Brown Shreya Singh Wei Fan Aaron Parisi Joe Stanton Chenkai Kuang Vinod Koverkathu Christopher A. Choquette-Choo Yunjie Li TJ Lu Abe Ittycheriah Prakash Shroff Pei Sun Mani Varadarajan Sanaz Bahargam Rob Willoughby David Gaddy Ishita Dasgupta Guillaume Desjardins Marco Cornero Brona Robenek Bhavishya Mittal Ben Albrecht Ashish Shenoy Fedor Moiseev Henrik Jacobsson Alireza Ghaffarkhah Morgane Rivière Alanna Walton Clément Crepy Alicia Parrish Contributors Yuan Liu Zongwei Zhou Clement Farabet Carey Radebaugh Praveen Srinivasan Claudia van der Salm Andreas Fidjeland Salvatore Scellato Eri Latorre-Chimoto Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska David Bridson Dario de Cesare Tom Hudson Piermaria Mendolicchio Lexi Walker Alex Morris Ivo Penchev Matthew Mauger Alexey Guseynov Alison Reid Seth Odoom Lucia Loher Victor Cotruta Madhavi Yenugula Dominik Grewe Anastasia Petrushkina Tom Duerig Antonio Sanchez Steve Yadlowsky Amy Shen Amir Globerson Adam Kurzrok Lynette Webb Sahil Dua Dong Li Preethi Lahoti Surya Bhupatiraju Dan Hurt Haroon Qureshi Ananth Agarwal Tomer Shani Matan Eyal Anuj Khare Shreyas Rammohan Belle Lei Wang Chetan Tekur Mihir Sanjay Kale Jinliang Wei Contributors Ruoxin Sang Brennan Saeta Tyler Liechty Yi Sun Yao Zhao Stephan Lee Pandu Nayak Doug Fritz Manish Reddy Vuyyuru John Aslanides Nidhi Vyas Martin Wicke Xiao Ma Taylan Bilal Evgenii Eltyshev Daniel Balle Nina Martin Hardie Cate James Manyika Keyvan Amiri Yelin Kim Xi Xiong Kai Kang Florian Luisier Nilesh Tripuraneni David Madras Mandy Guo Austin Waters Oliver Wang Joshua Ainslie Jason Baldridge Han Zhang Garima Pruthi Jakob Bauer Feng Yang Riham Mansour Jason Gelman Yang Xu George Polovets Ji Liu Honglong Cai Warren Chen XiangHai Sheng Emily Xue Sherjil Ozair Adams Yu Christof Angermueller Contributors Xiaowei Li Weiren Wang Julia Wiesinger Emmanouil Koukoumidis Yuan Tian Anand Iyer Madhu Gurumurthy Mark Goldenson Parashar Shah MK Blake Hongkun Yu Anthony Urbanowicz Jennimaria Palomaki Chrisantha Fernando Kevin Brooks Ken Durden Harsh Mehta Nikola Momchev Elahe Rahimtoroghi Maria Georgaki Amit Raul Sebastian Ruder Morgan Redshaw Jinhyuk Lee Komal Jalan Dinghua Li Ginger Perng Blake Hechtman Parker Schuh Milad Nasr Mia Chen Kieran Milan Vladimir Mikulik Trevor Strohman Juliana Franco Tim Green Program Leads Demis Hassabis Koray Kavukcuoglu Overall Technical Leads (equal contribution) Jeffrey Dean Oriol Vinyals The roles are defined as below: • : Individual(s) responsible for the sub-team throughout the project. Lead Individual that had significant impact throughout the project. • Core Contributor: : Individual that had contributions to the project and was partially involved with the effort. • Contributor Responsible for the organizational aspects of the Gemini effort • Program Lead: Responsible for the technical direction of the overall Gemini effort • Overall Technical Lead: Within each role, contributions are equal, and are listed in a randomized order. Ordering within each role does not indicate ordering of the contributions. Gemini is a cross-Google effort, with members from Google DeepMind (GDM), Google Research (GR), Knowledge and Information (K&I), Core ML, Cloud, Labs, and more. We thank our reviewers and colleagues for their valuable discussions and feedback on the report— Alexandra Belias, Arielle Bier, Eleanor Tomlinson, Emily Hossellman, Gaby Pearl, Helen King, Hollie Dobson, Jaclyn Konzelmann, Jennifer Beroshi, Joel Moss, Jon Small, Jonathan Fildes, Oli Gaymond, Rebecca Bland, Reena Jana, and Tom Lue. Our work is made possible by the dedication and efforts of numerous teams at Google. We would like to acknowledge the support from Abhi Mohan, Adekunle Bello, Aishwarya Nagarajan, Alaa Saade, Alejandro Lince, Alexander Chen, Alexander Kolbasov, Alexander Schiffhauer, Amar Subramanya, Ameya Shringi, Amin Vahdat, Anda Rabatić, Anthonie Gross, Antoine Yang, Anthony Green, Anton Ruddock, Art Khurshudov, Artemis Chen, Arthur Argenson, Avinatan Hassidim, Beiye Liu, Benjamin Schroeder, Bin Ni, Brett Daw, Bryan Chiang, Burak Gokturk, Carl Crous, Carrie Grimes Bostock, Charbel Kaed, Charlotte Banks, Che Diaz, Chris Larkin, Christy Lian, Claire Cui, Clare Bycroft, Corentin Tallec, Daniel Herndon, Dave Burke, David Battle, David Engel, Dipannita Shaw, Donghyun Koo, Doug Ritchie, Dragos Stefanescu, Elissa Wolf, Emre Sargin, Eran Ofek, Eric Herren, Estella King, Fatema Alkhanaizi, Felix Gimeno, Fernando Pereira, Florent Altché, Gabriel Carvajal, Gaurav Gandhi, George Powell, Goran Pavičić, Harry Richardson, Hassan Wassel, Hongji Li, Idan Szpektor, Igor Ivanisevic, Ivan Jambrešić, Ivan Jurin, Jade Fowler, James Assiene, Jay Yagnik, Jeanbastien Grill, Jeff Seibert, Jenna LaPlante, Jessica Austin, Jianxing Lu, Jim O’Keeffe, Jin Huang, Joe Heyward, Johannes Welbl, John Jumper, Jonathan Caton, Josh Woodward, Joshua Foster, Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool, Katrina Wong, Kavya Kopparapu, Kelvin Nguyen, Kira Yin, Konstantin Sharlaimov, Kun Li, Lee Hong, Lilly Taylor, Longfei Shen, Luc Mercier, Maciej Mikuła, Mania Abdi, Manuel Sanchez, Maria Ines Aranguren, Mario Carlos Cortes III, Matthew Tait, Matthias Lochbrunner, Mehdi Ghissassi, Micah Mosley, Michael Bendersky, Michael Figurnov, Michael Harris, Michael Mathieu, Michael O’Neill, Michael Vorburger, Mihir Paradkar, Nandita Dukkipati, Nathan Carter, Nathan Watson, Neil Rabinowitz, Nikhil Dandekar, Nishant Ranka, Obaid Sarvana, Olcan Sercinoglu, Olivier Lacombe, Ottavia Bertolli, Paul Caron, Pranesh Srinivasan, Praveen Kumar, Rahul Sukthankar, Raia Hadsell, Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan, Roberto Lupi, Rosie Zou, Sachin Menezes, Sadegh Jazayeri, Sam Cheung, Sameer Bidichandani, Sania Alex, Sanjiv Kumar, Sara Wiltberger, Sarah Fitzgerald, Saz Basu, Sebastian Nowozin, Shannon Hepburn, Shayne Cardwell, Sissie Hsiao, Srinivasan Venkatachary, Sugato Basu, Sundar Pichai, Sundeep Tirumalareddy, Susannah Young, Swetha Vijayaraghavan, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, Taylor Applebaum, Teiva Harsanyi, Terry Chen, Tim Blyth, Ting Liu, Tom Cobley, Tomas Izo, Trystan Upstill, Varun Singhai, Vedrana Klarić Trupčević, Victor Cai, Vladimir Pudovkin, Vu Dang, Wenbo Zhao, Wesley Crow, Wesley Szeng, Xiaodan Song, Yazhou Zu, Ye Tian, Yicong Wang, Yixing Wang, Yossi Matias, Yunlong Jiao, Zachary Jessup, Zhenchuan Pang, Žiga Avsec, Zimeng Yang, and Zoubin Ghahramani. We’d also like to recognize the AlphaCode team, the Borg Scheduling team, the Facilities team, the Gemini Demo Team, the Global Server Ops (GSO) team, the JAX team, the the Legal team, ML SRE team, the ML Supercomputer (MLSC) team, the PartIR team, the Platforms Infrastructure Engineering (PIE) team, and the XLA Compiler team. We thank everyone at Google not explicitly mentioned above, who have shared excitement, given feedback on early Gemini models or created interesting demo uses of Gemini, and worked with or supported the core Gemini team on many aspects of this project.

Gemini -  A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models: Contributions and Acknowledgments

WOW Summit Dubai 2023, the World of WEB3 Summit, recently concluded with resounding success at the opulent Atlantis the Royal in Dubai. This event showcased an extraordinary lineup of speakers and esteemed sponsors, leaving an indelible mark on the world of blockchain and Web3 technology. , Global CEO of WOW Summit, expressed his enthusiasm, stating, Ivan Ivanov "WOW Summit Dubai 2023 has exceeded our wildest expectations. It was a landmark gathering that brought together Web3 enthusiasts, industry leaders, and government officials to shape the future of blockchain technology." The event featured some amazing panel discussions and keynotes that illuminated the path forward for blockchain and Web3 technology. The Summit featured an array of captivating panel discussions and keynote presentations. Among the standout topics were, Exploring the Fusion of AI, Metaverse, Gaming, Fashion, and NFTs, Global Strategies for Amplifying Revenue: Unlocking the Potential of Corporate Blockchain Providers, Early-Stage Funding Opportunities in Web3 Projects and Acceleration, Current State of Decentralized Media, Advancements in Web3 Protocols: Pioneering the Path to Innovation and Progress and several others. The event's sponsors, Farcana, Unicoin, Fastex, demonstrated their unwavering commitment to fostering innovation in the blockchain industry. Their visionary leadership and strategic expertise set the stage for transformative discussions on the potential of blockchain. Our sponsors were represented at the event as speakers and boosters in the exhibition hall. This exemplified their commitment to advancing the blockchain industry. Among the sponsors of the event we note such companies as: Darwinbit, ChainUp, Sastana, Beezfi (BizTrip), P2PBet,  Hacken, ICP, EXOLO. Unicoin, a next-generation cryptocurrency, stands out from its predecessors by embracing transparency, SEC compliance, and being backed by a diversified asset portfolio, including real estate and equity in high-growth companies. In contrast, Farcana, a Dubai-based AAA game development studio, is in the process of creating a game bearing the same name. Farcana's unique 4v4, ability-based arena shooter redefines the gaming experience with its innovative 4-role system, strategic gameplay, and full integration of Web3 technology, all while maintaining the high-quality standards associated with AAA gaming. Fastex is a complete Web3-driven ecosystem that introduces diverse centralized and decentralised products and solutions, including Fasttoken (FTN), Fastex Exchange, Fastexverse, Fastex Pay, and ftNFT Marketplace. Driven by constant changes in the world of technologies, the Fastex ecosystem always thinks one step ahead and aims to bring businesses and communities closer to Web3 technologies, making them more accessible than ever. Joining as speakers were also a group of outstanding individuals contributing significantly to the payments industry on Blockchain instead, including (Darwinbit), (Trust Wallet), (Hacken), (P2P Labs), and (Kinetex Network). Their support underscored the collaborative spirit of WOW Summit Dubai 2023. Jeff Zhao Eowyn Chen Igor Bershadskiy Marat Salimov Tigran Bolshoi The event featured distinguished speakers, including (Animoca Brands), (Dubai Blockchain Centre), (Director at EMARATSEC, Co-chair at the WEF global future council, Director for Center at Cyber Security New York University AD), (MENA Fintech Association), (Circle), (Chainanalysis), (Crypto Valley Partners), (UNICOIN), (Farcana), (Oracle), and other luminaries who shared profound insights and valuable discussions. Yat Siu Dr. Marwan Alzarouni Dr. Hoda Alkhzaimi Nameer Khan Miriam Kiwan Mohamed Issa Sam Katiela Julian Sperring-Toy Islam Shazhaev Joy John Prominent figures such as , , , , also graced the event, adding to its prestige. Michael Terpin Gurvinder Ahluwalia Christian Gleich Nick Spanos Mansoor Madhavji The Summit was honored by the presence of distinguished guests and esteemed media personalities, including , the esteemed from Moongames, as well as the notable presence of and (GuyWay events). Sheikh Ali Rashed Ali Saeed Al Maktoum Carl Runefelt Davinci Jeremie Guy Yanpolskiy The results of the WOW Summit Dubai Startup competition serves as a glittering showcase, highlighting the brilliant innovations and rising stars within the dynamic realms of blockchain and Web3 technology. From a pool of over a hundred spirited startup contenders, the selection of the top 10 was an inclusive and decentralized process, driven by the vibrant community using Cyrator (available at cyrator.com). This online platform became the epicenter of independent decentralized reviews, inquiries, and profound insights, all thoughtfully validated, and endorsed by esteemed experts. These well-considered deliberations are closely scrutinized by a committee of discerning investors. They're thrilled to introduce the distinguished winner of their Startup competition, hailing all the way from France, the brilliant minds behind the tokenized investment fund named Petale. This remarkable achievement has garnered the attention of MMPro Trust and its esteemed investors, who are now contemplating an investment of up to $1 million in the Petale project. Additionally, the project is set to embark on a series of meetings with tier-1 investment funds in Dubai. In an added boost of support, the Petale project has secured three months of invaluable market-making assistance, comprehensive listing maintenance, and expert trade strategy management courtesy of Market Making Pro, all as a well-deserved reward for emerging triumphant in the WOW Summit Startup Competition. This accomplishment underlines WOW Summit's steadfast dedication not only to recognizing exceptional talent but also to providing a vital launchpad for entrepreneurial aspirations. Furthermore, their victorious startups have not only earned the prestigious accolade but have also been generously rewarded with a slew of prizes from industry leaders such as AWS and various other esteemed partners. The WOW GROWTH program has also extended its nurturing hand to the top 10 finalists, offering a three-month acceleration program complete with comprehensive business development support and guidance on investor relations. This support will span across regions of interest, including Asia (HK Hub), the MENA region (UAE Hub), and Europe (Swiss Hub). In a groundbreaking collaboration with the Internet Computer Protocol (ICP), WOW Summit and GROWTH have launched an exciting Ideathon program, designed to cater to companies in their early stages, enabling them to test their innovative concepts and find the perfect tech team to bring these ideas to life. The Ideathon is now open for participation throughout the months of October and November 2023, while the forthcoming hackathon is scheduled to take place during the WOW Summit in Hong Kong 2024. The exclusive media zone, featuring moderators from Ana Solana (JETA agency) and Adel Bhurtun from Web3TV, provided a platform for in-depth coverage and analysis of the event's key moments. WOW Summit Dubai 2023's art zone showcased an impressive array of digital and NFT artists. Amrita Sethi, the event's headliner, crafted five unique works and is recognized as the UAE's first NFT artist, as well as a top-tier Physical and Digital Artist. For the WOW Summit, Amrita Sethi unveiled her latest masterpiece series titled "Art and Tech" aiBYTEs, representing a captivating evolution of her distinctive style. In a remarkable fusion of art and technology, she collaborated with ChatGPT to craft a poetic narrative that envisions how the transition from Web2 to Web3 will inspire our world. Subsequently, she harnessed the creative power of Midjourney to transform this narrative into stunning visual imagery. Vesa, a renowned digital art pioneer for over 15 years, is considered one of the initial artists to delve into crypto art and NFTs. His notable awards include NFT Artist of the Year (AIBC Summit, 2023) and top Web3 Artists accolades from L’Officiel Arabia. Naama Pozniak, the CEO of Paz Holding, Inc., and LetzGetPhygital, stood out as a Web3 Educator, NFT Artist, and multifaceted professional known for her contributions to the art world. WOW Summit Dubai 2023 lived up to its promise as an unmissable Web3 event that will undoubtedly shape the future of blockchain technology. Attendees were treated to a unique experience filled with knowledge sharing, networking opportunities, and exploration of cutting-edge developments in the Web3 ecosystem. WOW Summit is now gearing up for their Hong Kong edition in 2024, scheduled for March 26-27. Secure your super now. early bird tickets About WOW Summit: WOW Summit is a leading global Web3 event that unites distinguished industry titans, esteemed government officials, visionary funds, venture capitalists, NFT and digital artists, entrepreneurs, and multinational corporations. The Summit drives the innovative trajectory of Web3, covering cutting-edge trends and innovations in technology. It explores themes including the Web2 - Web3 transition, CBDCs, regulatory landscapes, asset tokenization, and the societal impact of blockchain and DLT technologies. Hosted by GuyWay, powered by MarketMakingPro, and co-organized by Uvecon.vc and Quantum Leap Strategy, WOW Summit has a history of hosting distinguished speakers.

WOW Summit Dubai 2023: A Massive Success Shaping the Future of Blockchain Technology

The Protestants

: a world where AI is not just a “chatbot” you interact with, but an entity that is responsible for decision-making, scientific research, and even guiding humanity forward. Picture this Welcome to the world of , Artificial General Intelligence, which refers to AI systems as smart as humans, or greater. The quest for AGI has been a long-standing goal of the AI community, and recent advances in generative models have led to an increasing interest in their potential for achieving AGI. AGIs Generative Models A generative model is a type of machine learning model that is able to generate data samples, based on the large volumes of data that it is trained on (mostly text but now images as well). They can learn the patterns and structures of language from a large corpus of text and then generate new text that is coherent and follows the same patterns. The breakthrough here was to use “ ” – a type of neural network introduced in 2017. Transformers Now, more interestingly ……I asked GPT whether a Generative Model could generate something that was in its training data ( important as we move to AGIs ). never Here was its response: The answer is that, by identifying patterns and data structure, it may be able to, but will struggle to generate anything vastly different from the training data, and nothing “ ”. This is where we are currently. completely novel A mirror into your civilization...... If I had to describe GPT in an exciting way : Currently, Generative Models are a mirror of your civilization at a point in time, an automated and efficient record and reflection of everything you have done (once trained on everything). Given that humans have to generate science, art, and culture over many years, and then train the models on the entirety of this, there is a huge dependency – for these Generative models to have any value, the content on which the model is trained needs to be created first. These models may seem “smarter” than a human, but that is because they can access information generated by human culture and civilization instantly, whereas the humans, whose creativity came up with everything in the first place, cannot..... The Two Planets example To further illustrate, I have come up with the “two planets” example. In this scenario, imagine a duplicate civilization that has evolved to the same level as the Earth-Human civilization, say on Proxima Centauri. They would potentially have similar cultural achievements, and the same level of technology, although their language, appearance, etc could be different. At the same time as Earth, they develop Generative models and their version of GPT4. If we queried the Earth GPT4 model about anything on Proxima Centauri,
it would know nothing..... Of course, the reciprocal would apply as well. Even a more advanced model, a GPT 5 or 6, would have the same limitations, as it was not trained on any data from that planet. Would you still consider it “intelligence”? How useful would GPT be in this scenario? Well, if the aliens came here, they use the Earth GPT4 to learn all about our planet, culture, and achievements, assuming they quickly learned one of our languages that the GPT model is also familiar with. However, what was once being spoken of as an “AGI” may not be considered as such in this example. could What would be truly impressive is if the Earth could understand images or pass an IQ test from the hypothetical Proxima Centauri civilization…. GPT4 Innate Intelligence It is still amazing to me that GPT4 has an understanding of patterns, relationships in images, and the ability to pass a simple IQ test. Yes, it was trained by its creators to do this, based on data from mankind’s history, but once trained it has this ability. This brings us to the definition of Intelligence itself, and the concept of innate intelligence. “Every living being has some level of innate intelligence” While factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and cultural experiences can impact cognitive development and, in turn, influence IQ test performance in humans, these are not the only factors that influence intelligence. Genetics, neurological factors, and individual differences in learning capability also play a role. Therefore, there is an innate intelligence in every living being that plays a large part in the resulting visible intelligence demonstrated in the real world. How do we create artificial intelligence with some level of innate intelligence? Remember, if a human baby grows up in a culture different from his/her parents, learning a different language, the child still manages to learn quickly. Consider this – if we go back to the Two Planets example, and we are confident that while the Earth GPT4, 5, or 6 will have no knowledge of culture, language, events, etc from another civilization, it WILL manage to : Perform mathematical calculations that are constant in the universe Understand basic patterns that are constant in the universe Learn the basic structures of language that may be common in the universe Thus, ….have the ability to potentially learn from ANOTHER civilization and their data We then approach something very exciting…… we could then argue that in creating these models which, admittedly had to be trained on all our data to with, we are taking the first steps into creating something with a small amount of innate intelligence. And each subsequent model would then build on the previous in terms of capability, until….well, would iteration 7 or 8 be an AGI? start Are they AGIs? At this point, we need to be clear on what our definition of an AGI is, as we are finally moving in closer to creating one. I believe that our definition has become muddied. Does an AGI and the Singularity simply refer to any intelligence smarter than humans? If we go back to the 1993 definition of 'The Singularity’, as per the book “The Coming Technological Singularity” by , he spoke of “computers with super-human intelligence”. I could argue that GPT4 is already smarter than any human in terms of recalling knowledge, although it would be less capable of creativity, understanding, and emotional intelligence. Vernor Vinge He also talks about human civilization evolving to merge with this super intelligence. This hasn’t happened but brain interfaces have been built already. A brain interface into Chat GPT4 that would allow a human to call up all our civilization’s knowledge instantly, turning him/her into a “superhuman”, is actually possible with today’s technology. It could be argued then that we have met the criterion already for the singularity by the 1993 definition…… The Singularity If we move to futurist definition of the Singularity, he spoke of “…when technological progress will accelerate so rapidly that it will lead to profound changes in human civilization…”. Ray Kurzweil’s The year 2023, due to the emergence of GPT3 and then GPT4, is a watershed year in technological history, like the launch of the PC or the internet. Already there are conversations that I can only have with GPT4 that I cannot have with anyone else. The reason is that the humans around my may now be knowledgeable on particular topics, so I turn to GPT4. I sometimes do try to argue with it and present my opinion, and it responds with a counterargument. By our previous definition of what an AGI could be, it can be argued that we have already achieved it or are, at least, very close to it with GPT4. We are now certainly on the road to AGI, but we now have to clearly define a roadmap for it. This isn’t binary anymore, as in something is either an AGI or not. More importantly, the fear-mongering around AGIs will certainly not apply to all levels of AGI, once we clearly define these levels. This is particularly important, as recently people such as in the development of AGIs as they could be dangerous. While this is correct, this will also rob humanity of the great benefits that AI can bring to society. Elon Musk have publicly called for a “pause” Surely, if we create a roadmap for AGIs and identify which levels would be dangerous and which will not, we could then proceed with the early levels while exercising more caution at the more advanced levels. Right? The AGI Roadmap Below is a potential roadmap for AGIs with clearly defined stages. - Intelligent machines can perform specific tasks at the human level or better, such as playing chess or diagnosing diseases. They can quickly access the total corpus of humanity’s scientific and cultural achievements and answer questions. Are we here already? Level 1: Intelligent Machines - AGIs that can learn and adapt to new situations, improving their performance over time through experience and feedback. These would be similar to GPT4 but with continued learning post-training. Level 2: Adaptive Minds - AGIs capable of generating original and valuable ideas, whether in science, art, or business. These AGIs build on the scientific and cultural achievements of humans. They start giving us different perspectives on science and the universe. Level 3: Creative Geniuses - AGIs that can understand and respond to human emotions and needs, becoming trusted companions and helpers in daily life. This is the start of “emotion” in these intelligent models, however by this time they may be more than just models but start replicating the brain in electronic form. Level 4: Empathic Companions - AGIs that have subjective experiences, a sense of self, and the ability to reason about their own thoughts and feelings. This is where AGIs could get really unpredictable and potentially dangerous. Level 5: Conscious Thinkers - AGIs that vastly surpass human intelligence in every aspect, with capabilities that we cannot fully define yet with our limited knowledge. These AGIs are what I imagined years ago. These are AGIs that could improve on our civilization’s limitations, and derive the most efficient and advanced designs for just about anything, based on the base principles of physics ( ie. Operating at the highest level of knowledge in the universe). Level 6: Universal Minds As you can see, levels 1-3 may not pose much of a physical threat to humanity, while offering numerous benefits to society, therefore we could make an argument for continuing to develop this capability. Levels 4-6 could pose a significant threat to humanity. It is my view that any work on a level 4-6 AGI should be performed on a space station on Moonbase, to limit potential destruction on Earth. It is debatable whether the human civilization would be able to create a Level 6 AGI, even after 1000 years… Universal Minds Over the last few decades, I have been fascinated with the concept of an Advanced AGI, one that is more advanced than humans and that could thus rapidly expand our technological capability if we utilize it properly. Here is an old blog post on my Blog from 2007 where I was speculating on the Singularity being near, after following people like Kurzweil. What I always imagined was a “super intelligence” that understood the universe from base principles much better than we did, even if it was something we created. Imagine an intelligence that, once it gets to a certain point, facilitates its own growth exponentially. It would perform its own research and learning. It would be logical that such intelligence plays a role in the research  function of humanity going forward. It could take the knowledge given to it and develop scientific theory far more effectively than humans. Already today, for example, we see a lot of data used in Reinforcement Learning being simulated and generated by AI itself. And if the total data we have is limiting, we could then ask it to design better data collection tools for us, ie. Better telescopes, spacecraft, and quantum devices. A simple example that I would use would be the computing infrastructure that we use, on which everything else is built. Most computers today use what’s known as the “Von Neumann” architecture, which is shown below. The main drawback of this architecture is that data has to be constantly moved between CPU and memory, which causes latency. On top of this, we typically use the x86 CPU, then Operating systems like Windows or Linux, then applications are written in programming languages like C++. Imagine if we could engineer an optimal, efficient computing architecture, from base principles, with orders of magnitude improvements at the base architecture level, CPU level, OS level, and application software level. This would be a difficult task for humans to undertake today, not just in terms of the actual technical design, but also in building it, collaborating on the next layer above, and adopting the technology. With a “super-intelligent” Universal AI, it would have the power to generate every layer at once. It would also give us design schematics for the factories to build the new components, that too in the most quickest and efficient way. Now while all this seems like a convenient fantasy, I have used the above example to illustrate the great strides that a “ ” could help humanity make. Universal Mind Another example would be to ask it to calculate how best and efficiently to “ ” or “ ”. solve the world hunger problem solve the climate problem When you consider the above, it does seem like the benefits outweigh the problems, although the one problem that has always been brought up is that a Universal Mind may decide to destroy humanity. Hence I say, if we’re going to try to build it, take the necessary safeguards, over and above the Responsible AI safeguards that we have today, and consider building the AGI off-world, say on a space station or moon base, with the ability to cut networking and power if needed. Summary Hold on to your seats! ….. Some GPT models have already shown an impressive ability to pass IQ tests and learn basic mathematics, hinting at the potential for developing a level of intelligence that goes beyond simple text generation. Now that we have an example of a roadmap for AGIs ( above ), we can certainly see how GPT is the start of the early phases in this roadmap, although more technical breakthroughs will be needed to eventually get to the later stages. So buckle up and get ready – We don’t know where the end of this road is and where it will take us, but with GPT models now mainstream, we now know that as of 2023 we are at least on the road itself, traveling forward. All content in this article copywright 2023 Thavash Govender. Images used are licensed under the Creative Commons license. Also published here.

The Path to Conscious Machines: GPT Models and the Quest for AGI

সচেতন মেশিনের পথ: জিপিটি মডেল এবং এজিআইয়ের জন্য কোয়েস্ট

Der Weg zu bewussten Maschinen: GPT-Modelle und die Suche nach AGI

El camino hacia las máquinas conscientes: modelos GPT y la búsqueda de AGI

La voie vers les machines conscientes : les modèles GPT et la quête de l'IAG

द पाथ टू कॉन्शियस मशीन्स: जीपीटी मॉडल्स एंड द क्वेस्ट फॉर एजीआई

意識のあるマシンへの道: GPT モデルと AGI の探求

의식 있는 기계로 가는 길: GPT 모델과 AGI 탐구

O caminho para máquinas conscientes: modelos GPT e a busca pela AGI

Bilinçli Makinelere Giden Yol: GPT Modelleri ve AGI Arayışı

Con đường dẫn đến những cỗ máy có ý thức: Các mô hình GPT và nhiệm vụ tìm kiếm AGI

通往有意识机器的道路：GPT 模型和对 AGI 的探索

The Moon Metal by Garrett Putman Serviss is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here. THE LOOTING OF THE MOON THE LOOTING OF THE MOON I shall spare the reader a recital of the tireless efforts, continuing through many almost sleepless weeks, whereby Andrew Hall obtained his clew to Dr. Syx’s method. It was manifest from the beginning that the agent concerned must be some form of etheric, or so-called electric, energy; but how to set it in operation was the problem. Finally he hit upon the apparatus for his initial experiments which I have already described. “Recurring to what had been done more than half a century ago by Hertz, when he concentrated electric waves upon a focal point by means of a concave mirror,” said Hall, “I saw that the key I wanted lay in an extension of these experiments. At last I found that I could transform the energy of an engine into undulations of the ether, which, when they had been concentrated upon a metallic object, like a chunk of gold, imparted to it an intense charge of an apparently electric nature. Upon thus charging a metallic body enclosed in a vacuum, I observed that the energy imparted to it possessed the remarkable power of disrupting its atoms and projecting them off in straight lines, very much as occurs with a kathode in a Crookes’s tube. But—and this was of supreme importance—I found that the line of projection was directly towards the apparatus from which the impulse producing the charge had come. In other words, I could produce two poles between which a marvellous interaction occurred. My transformer, with its concentrating mirror, acted as one pole, from which energy was transferred to the other pole, and that other pole immediately flung off atoms of its own substance in the direction of the transformer. But these atoms were stopped by the glass wall of the vacuum tube; and when I tried the experiment with the metal removed from the vacuum, and surrounded with air, it failed utterly. “This at first completely discouraged me, until I suddenly remembered that the moon is in a vacuum, the great vacuum of interplanetary space, and that it possesses no perceptible atmosphere of its own. At this a great light broke around me, and I shouted ‘Eureka!’ Without hesitation I constructed a transformer of great power, furnished with a large parabolic mirror to transmit the waves in parallel lines, erected the machinery and buildings here, and when all was ready for the final experiment I telegraphed for you.” Prepared by these explanations I was all on fire to see the thing tried. Hall was no less eager, and, calling in his two faithful assistants to make the final adjustments, he led the way into what he facetiously named “the lunar chamber.” “If we fail,” he remarked with a smile that had an element of worriment in it, “it will become the ‘lunatic chamber’—but no danger of that. You observe this polished silver knob, supported by a metallic rod curved over at the top like a crane. That constitutes the pole from which I propose to transmit the energy to the moon, and upon which I expect the storm of atoms to be centred by reflection from the mirror at whose focus it is placed.” “One moment,” I said. “Am I to understand that you think that the moon is a solid mass of artemisium, and that no matter where your radiant force strikes it a ‘kathodic pole’ will be formed there from which atoms will be projected to the earth?” “No,” said Hall, “I must carefully choose the point on the lunar surface where to operate. But that will present no difficulty. I made up my mind as soon as I had penetrated Syx’s secret that he obtained the metal from those mystic white streaks which radiate from Tycho, and which have puzzled the astronomers ever since the invention of telescopes. I now believe those streaks to be composed of immense veins of the metal that Syx has most appropriately named artemisium, which you, of course, recognize as being derived from the name of the Greek goddess of the moon, Artemis, whom the Romans called Diana. But now to work!” It was less than a day past the time of new moon, and the earth’s satellite was too near the sun to be visible in broad daylight. Accordingly, the mirror had to be directed by means of knowledge of the moon’s place in the sky. Driven by accurate clockwork, it could be depended upon to retain the proper direction when once set. With breathless interest I watched the proceedings of my friend and his assistants. The strain upon the nerves of all of us was such as could not have been borne for many hours at a stretch. When everything had been adjusted to his satisfaction, Hall stepped back, not without betraying his excitement in flushed cheeks and flashing eyes, and pressed a lever. The powerful engine underneath the floor instantly responded. The experiment was begun. “I have set it upon a point about a hundred miles north of Tycho, where the Yerkes photographs show a great abundance of the white substance,” said Hall. Then we waited. A minute elapsed. A bird, fluttering in the opening above, for a second or two, wrenched our strained nerves. Hall’s face turned pale. “They had better keep away from here,” he whispered, with a ghastly smile. Two minutes! I could hear the beating of my heart. The engine shook the floor. Three minutes! Hall’s face was wet with perspiration. The bird blundered in and startled us again. Four minutes! We were like statues, with all eyes fixed on the polished ball of silver, which shone in the brilliant light concentrated upon it by the mirror. Five minutes! The shining ball had become a confused blue, and I violently winked to clear my vision. “At last! Thank God! Look! There it is!” It was Hall who spoke, trembling like an aspen. The silver knob had changed color. What seemed a miniature rainbow surrounded it, with concentric circles of blinding brilliance. Then something dropped flashing into an earthen dish set beneath the ball! Another glittering drop followed, and, at a shorter interval, another! Almost before a word could be uttered the drops had coalesced and become a tiny stream, which, as it fell, twisted itself into a bright spiral, gleaming with a hundred shifting hues, and forming on the bottom of the dish a glowing, interlacing maze of viscid rings and circlets, which turned and twined about and over one another, until they had blended and settled into a button-shaped mass of hot metallic jelly. Hall snatched the dish away, and placed another in its stead. “This will be about right for a watch charm when it cools,” he said, with a return of his customary self-command. “I promised you the first specimen. I’ll catch another for myself.” “But can it be possible that we are not dreaming?” I exclaimed. “Do you really believe that this comes from the moon?” “Just as surely as rain comes from the clouds,” cried Hall, with all his old impatience. “Haven’t I just showed you the whole process?” “Then I congratulate you. You will be as rich as Dr. Syx.” “Perhaps,” was the unperturbed reply, “but not until I have enlarged my apparatus. At present I shall hardly do more than supply mementoes to my friends. But since the principle is established, the rest is mere detail.” Six weeks later the financial centres of the earth were shaken by the news that a new supply of artemisium was being marketed from a mill which had been secretly opened in the Sierras of California. For a time there was almost a panic. If Hall had chosen to do so, he might have precipitated serious trouble. But he immediately entered into negotiations with government representatives, and the inevitable result was that, to preserve the monetary system of the world from upheaval, Dr. Syx had to consent that Hall’s mill should share equally with his in the production of artemisium. During the negotiations the doctor paid a visit to Hall’s establishment. The meeting between them was most dramatic. Syx tried to blast his rival with a glance, but knowledge is power, and my friend faced his mysterious antagonist, whose deepest secrets he had penetrated, with an unflinching eye. It was remarked that Dr. Syx became a changed man from that moment. His masterful air seemed to have deserted him, and it was with something resembling humility that he assented to the arrangement which required him to share his enormous gains with his conqueror. Of course, Hall’s success led to an immediate recrudescence of the efforts to extract artemisium from the Syx ore, and, equally of course, every such attempt failed. Hall, while keeping his own secret, did all he could to discourage the experiments, but they naturally believed that he must have made the very discovery which was the subject of their dreams, and he could not, without betraying himself, and upsetting the finances of the planet, directly undeceive them. The consequence was that fortunes were wasted in hopeless experimentation, and, with Hall’s achievement dazzling their eyes, the deluded fortune-seekers kept on in the face of endless disappointments and disaster. And presently there came another tragedy. The Syx mill was blown up! The accident—although many people refused to regard it as an accident, and asserted that the doctor himself, in his chagrin, had applied the match—the explosion, then, occurred about sundown, and its effects were awful. The great works, with everything pertaining to them, and every rail that they contained, were blown to atoms. They disappeared as if they had never existed. Even the twin tunnels were involved in the ruin, a vast cavity being left in the mountain-side where Syx’s ten acres had been. The force of the explosion was so great that the shattered rock was reduced to dust. To this fact was owing the escape of the troops camped near. While the mountain was shaken to its core, and enormous parapets of living rock were hurled down the precipices of the Teton, no missiles of appreciable size traversed the air, and not a man at the camp was injured. But Jackson’s Hole, filled with red dust, looked for days afterwards like the mouth of a tremendous volcano just after an eruption. Dr. Syx had been seen entering the mill a few minutes before the catastrophe by a sentinel who was stationed about a quarter of a mile away, and who, although he was felled like an ox by the shock, and had his eyes, ears, and nostrils filled with flying dust, miraculously escaped with his life. After this a new arrangement was made whereby Andrew Hall became the sole producer of artemisium, and his wealth began to mount by leaps of millions towards the starry heights of the billions. About a year after the explosion of the Syx mill a strange rumor got about. It came first from Budapest, in Hungary, where it was averred several persons of credibility had seen Dr. Max Syx. Millions had been familiar with his face and his personal peculiarities, through actually meeting him, as well as through photographs and descriptions, and, unless there was an intention to deceive, it did not seem possible that a mistake could be made in identification. There surely never was another man who looked just like Dr. Syx. And, besides, was it not demonstrable that he must have perished in the awful destruction of his mill? Soon after came a report that Dr. Syx had been seen again; this time at Ekaterinburg, in the Urals. Next he was said to have paid a visit to Batang, in the mountainous district of southwestern China, and finally, according to rumor, he was seen in Sicily, at Nicolosi, among the volcanic pimples on the southern slope of Mount Etna. Next followed something of more curious and even startling interest. A chemist at Budapest, where the first rumors of Syx’s reappearance had placed the mysterious doctor, announced that he could produce artemisium, and proved it, although he kept his process secret. Hardly had the sensation caused by this news partially subsided when a similar report arrived from Ekaterinburg; then another from Batang; after that a fourth from Nicolosi! Nobody could fail to notice the coincidence; wherever the doctor—or was it his ghost?—appeared, there, shortly afterwards, somebody discovered the much-sought secret. After this Syx’s apparitions rapidly increased in frequency, followed in each instance by the announcement of another productive artemisium mill. He appeared in Germany, Italy, France, England, and finally at many places in the United States. “It is the old doctor’s revenge,” said Hall to me one day, trying to smile, although the matter was too serious to be taken humorously. “Yes, it is his revenge, and I must admit that it is complete. The price of artemisium has fallen one-half within six months. All the efforts we have made to hold back the flood have proved useless. The secret itself is becoming public property. We shall inevitably be overwhelmed with artemisium, just as we were with gold, and the last condition of the financial world will be worse than the first.” My friend’s gloomy prognostications came near being fulfilled to the letter. Ten thousand artemisium mills shot their etheric rays upon the moon, and our unfortunate satellite’s metal ribs were stripped by atomic force. Some of the great white rays that had been one of the telescopic wonders of the lunar landscapes disappeared, and the face of the moon, which had remained unchanged before the eyes of the children of Adam from the beginning of their race, now looked as if the blast of a furnace had swept it. At night, on the moonward side, the earth was studded with brilliant spikes, all pointed at the heart of its child in the sky. But the looting of the moon brought disaster to the robber planet. So mad were the efforts to get the precious metal that the surface of our globe was fairly showered with it, productive fields were, in some cases, almost smothered under a metallic coating, the air was filled with shining dust, until finally famine and pestilence joined hands with financial disaster to punish the grasping world. Then, at last, the various governments took effective measures to protect themselves and their people. Another combined effort resulted in an international agreement whereby the production of the precious moon metal was once more rigidly controlled. But the existence of a monopoly, such as Dr. Syx had so long enjoyed, and in the enjoyment of which Andrew Hall had for a brief period succeeded him, was henceforth rendered impossible. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Garrett Putman Serviss (2005). The Moon Metal. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8199/pg8199-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE LOOTING OF THE MOON

We are fast approaching the end of 2022 and this would be the best time to recap the best movies this year. I'm so excited as one of my favourite movies this year made it to this list. In this Slogging thread, Our community discussed some of the best films of 2022. This Slogging thread by Valentine Enedah, Teri, Sara Pinto, Marco Sullivan and Mónica Freitas occurred in slogging's official #random channel, and has been edited for readability. Valentine Enedah Dec 20, 2022, 1:24 PM Best films of 2022 https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20221215-the-20-best-films-of-2022 Valentine Enedah Dec 20, 2022, 4:25 PM Everything Everywhere All at Once Top Gun: Maverick Turning Red Happening After Yang Moonage Daydream Triangle of Sadness The Eternal Daughter The Fabelmans RRR The Banshees of Inisherin Babylon Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery Decision to Leave Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio Tár Aftersun Onoda: 10,000 Nights in The Jungle Doctor Strange and the Multiverse of Madness Corsage Avatar: The Way of Water Valentine Enedah Dec 20, 2022, 4:54 PM These are really good movies! My favourite movie has to be Top Gun: Maverick. Tom Cruise outdid himself in that movie. Trailer: https://youtu.be/giXco2jaZ_4 Valentine Enedah Dec 20, 2022, 4:55 PM How many have you seen and what are your favourites? Teri Dec 20, 2022, 9:56 PM Another thing I lacked in 2022 is watching movies. Are these movies on Netflix? Some things need to change in 2023. Thanks Valentine Enedah for this compilation. 💚 1 Valentine Enedah Dec 21, 2022, 9:40 AM Teri Yes, I suppose some of them are on Netflix. But you need to see these movies. Especially, Topgun Maverick. As a Tom Cruise fanatic, I would really recommend this movie. In addition, Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One is coming out in July 2023 and you need to see this trailer.🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥 Link: https://youtu.be/2m1drlOZSDw Sara Pinto Dec 21, 2022, 2:49 PM Valentine Enedah, so far, only watched 2 from that list, but really excited to see the others! Sara Pinto Dec 21, 2022, 2:51 PM But not gonna lie, I'm kind of surprise that Doctor Strange is here. Marvel fan here, don't get me wrong, but marvel movies don't usually end up on lists for best films haha Valentine Enedah Dec 21, 2022, 3:44 PM Sara Pinto Awesome! Are you a DC fan cause they are always after Marvel fans?😂 I think did a good job in 2019. The only marvel movie I didn't like this year was Weird Movie! Avengers: Endgame Thor: Love and Thunder. Sara Pinto Dec 22, 2022, 8:45 AM Valentine Enedah, haha I guess I'm a Marvel fan because they are eventually all connected. Nothing against DC, but I don't enjoy their movies as much. Really? I think it was my favorite! But I'm very biased: I love Thor and I enjoy Taika Waititi's movies a lot. However, other than being funny, Marvel movies usually lack depth. I think Thor worked because it embraced the foolishness and the comedy. I do think they wasted Christian Bale's potential. 💚 1 😂 1 Valentine Enedah Dec 22, 2022, 12:08 PM Sara Pinto I agree with you. Also, They made Thor to be a joke. This is the God of Thunder. Also,Did you see Justice League? The one that was released before the Zack Snyder's one? Sara Pinto Dec 23, 2022, 5:36 PM Valentine Enedah, I like that I don't have to take the God of Thunder that seriously hahaha. I did! But when it comes to DC, I think I only like Batman. I might have not enjoyed Christian Bale's role in Marvel, but I sure loved his role in the DC Universe as Batman! Marco Sullivan Dec 23, 2022, 5:44 PM Valentine Enedah First of all, Doctor Strange: Multiverse of Madness wad kind of weird for me but yeah,I get what Sara Pinto said about Marvel movies.😂 I think I would love to see Everything Everywhere All at Once. Valentine Enedah Dec 25, 2022, 7:07 AM Sara Pinto You have a very good point. The Dark Knight rises is still the best batman movie I've seen. Christian Bale outdid himself on that set, including the other characters. Valentine Enedah Dec 25, 2022, 7:09 AM Marco Sullivan It was actually confusing at first but I got a hang of it. Rating: 7/10 Sara Pinto Dec 26, 2022, 2:34 PM I also have Everything Everywhere All at Once in my list, Marco Sullivan! I've heard amazing things about Michelle Yeoh. 💚 1 Mónica Freitas Dec 27, 2022, 10:00 AM I've only seen Turning Red and Doctor Strange and the Multiverse of Madness. For me, Doctor Strange was... well... strange 😂 I think "What if..." did a better job at the narrative than the movie and I think they obliterated the whole Wanda development, the one we saw on Wanda Vision 🔥 1 Mónica Freitas Dec 27, 2022, 10:00 AM Turning Red is pretty cool! I loved it! 🔥 1 Marco Sullivan Dec 27, 2022, 2:53 PM Sara Pinto Michelle Yeah is a great actor as she has acted so many great movies I've seen. Some of them include; Taichi Master, James Bond: Tommorow never dies, Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon, Crazy Rich Asians, Shang-Chi😔, Mechanic Resurrection, The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, Guardian of the Galaxy, Kung Fu Panda 2, Jet Li's Fearless, Marco Polo(Series), 'The Lady' as Nobel Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. Valentine Enedah Dec 27, 2022, 2:58 PM Mónica Freitas You expressed my thoughts in its entirety. I didn't like how they changed the whole narrative of Wanda. It was too strange. I would love to see " ". Turning Red

The Best films of 2022 that Everyone Must Watch

The First Men In The Moon, by H. G. Wells, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . The Landing on the Moon The Landing on the Moon I remember how one day Cavor suddenly opened six of our shutters and blinded me so that I cried aloud at him. The whole area was moon, a stupendous scimitar of white dawn with its edge hacked out by notches of darkness, the crescent shore of an ebbing tide of darkness, out of which peaks and pinnacles came glittering into the blaze of the sun. I take it the reader has seen pictures or photographs of the moon and that I need not describe the broader features of that landscape, those spacious ring-like ranges vaster than any terrestrial mountains, their summits shining in the day, their shadows harsh and deep, the grey disordered plains, the ridges, hills, and craterlets, all passing at last from a blazing illumination into a common mystery of black. Athwart this world we were flying scarcely a hundred miles above its crests and pinnacles. And now we could see, what no eye on earth will ever see, that under the blaze of the day the harsh outlines of the rocks and ravines of the plains and crater floor grew grey and indistinct under a thickening haze, that the white of their lit surfaces broke into lumps and patches, and broke again and shrank and vanished, and that here and there strange tints of brown and olive grew and spread. But little time we had for watching then. For now we had come to the real danger of our journey. We had to drop ever closer to the moon as we spun about it, to slacken our pace and watch our chance, until at last we could dare to drop upon its surface. For Cavor that was a time of intense exertion; for me it was an anxious inactivity. I seemed perpetually to be getting out of his way. He leapt about the sphere from point to point with an agility that would have been impossible on earth. He was perpetually opening and closing the Cavorite windows, making calculations, consulting his chronometer by means of the glow lamp during those last eventful hours. For a long time we had all our windows closed and hung silently in darkness hurling through space. Then he was feeling for the shutter studs, and suddenly four windows were open. I staggered and covered my eyes, drenched and scorched and blinded by the unaccustomed splendour of the sun beneath my feet. Then again the shutters snapped, leaving my brain spinning in a darkness that pressed against the eyes. And after that I floated in another vast, black silence. Then Cavor switched on the electric light, and told me he proposed to bind all our luggage together with the blankets about it, against the concussion of our descent. We did this with our windows closed, because in that way our goods arranged themselves naturally at the centre of the sphere. That too was a strange business; we two men floating loose in that spherical space, and packing and pulling ropes. Imagine it if you can! No up nor down, and every effort resulting in unexpected movements. Now I would be pressed against the glass with the full force of Cavor’s thrust, now I would be kicking helplessly in a void. Now the star of the electric light would be overhead, now under foot. Now Cavor’s feet would float up before my eyes, and now we would be crossways to each other. But at last our goods were safely bound together in a big soft bale, all except two blankets with head holes that we were to wrap about ourselves. Then for a flash Cavor opened a window moonward, and we saw that we were dropping towards a huge central crater with a number of minor craters grouped in a sort of cross about it. And then again Cavor flung our little sphere open to the scorching, blinding sun. I think he was using the sun’s attraction as a brake. “Cover yourself with a blanket,” he cried, thrusting himself from me, and for a moment I did not understand. Then I hauled the blanket from beneath my feet and got it about me and over my head and eyes. Abruptly he closed the shutters again, snapped one open again and closed it, then suddenly began snapping them all open, each safely into its steel roller. There came a jar, and then we were rolling over and over, bumping against the glass and against the big bale of our luggage, and clutching at each other, and outside some white substance splashed as if we were rolling down a slope of snow.... Over, clutch, bump, clutch, bump, over.... Came a thud, and I was half buried under the bale of our possessions, and for a space everything was still. Then I could hear Cavor puffing and grunting, and the snapping of a shutter in its sash. I made an effort, thrust back our blanket-wrapped luggage, and emerged from beneath it. Our open windows were just visible as a deeper black set with stars. We were still alive, and we were lying in the darkness of the shadow of the wall of the great crater into which we had fallen. We sat getting our breath again, and feeling the bruises on our limbs. I don’t think either of us had had a very clear expectation of such rough handling as we had received. I struggled painfully to my feet. “And now,” said I, “to look at the landscape of the moon! But—! It’s tremendously dark, Cavor!” The glass was dewy, and as I spoke I wiped at it with my blanket. “We’re half an hour or so beyond the day,” he said. “We must wait.” It was impossible to distinguish anything. We might have been in a sphere of steel for all that we could see. My rubbing with the blanket simply smeared the glass, and as fast as I wiped it, it became opaque again with freshly condensed moisture mixed with an increasing quantity of blanket hairs. Of course I ought not to have used the blanket. In my efforts to clear the glass I slipped upon the damp surface, and hurt my shin against one of the oxygen cylinders that protruded from our bale. The thing was exasperating—it was absurd. Here we were just arrived upon the moon, amidst we knew not what wonders, and all we could see was the grey and streaming wall of the bubble in which we had come. “Confound it!” I said, “but at this rate we might have stopped at home;” and I squatted on the bale and shivered, and drew my blanket closer about me. Abruptly the moisture turned to spangles and fronds of frost. “Can you reach the electric heater,” said Cavor. “Yes—that black knob. Or we shall freeze.” I did not wait to be told twice. “And now,” said I, “what are we to do?” “Wait,” he said. “Wait?” “Of course. We shall have to wait until our air gets warm again, and then this glass will clear. We can’t do anything till then. It’s night here yet; we must wait for the day to overtake us. Meanwhile, don’t you feel hungry?” For a space I did not answer him, but sat fretting. I turned reluctantly from the smeared puzzle of the glass and stared at his face. “Yes,” I said, “I am hungry. I feel somehow enormously disappointed. I had expected—I don’t know what I had expected, but not this.” I summoned my philosophy, and rearranging my blanket about me sat down on the bale again and began my first meal on the moon. I don’t think I finished it—I forget. Presently, first in patches, then running rapidly together into wider spaces, came the clearing of the glass, came the drawing of the misty veil that hid the moon world from our eyes. We peered out upon the landscape of the moon. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. G. Wells (2010). The First Men In The Moon. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1013/1013-h/1013-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

Mr Cavor's Moon Landing

The Lord of Space

El señor del espacio

Le seigneur de l'espace

अंतरिक्ष के भगवान

宇宙の主

O Senhor do Espaço

Chúa tể của không gian

空间之主

A﻿n interview with Chris Lahaye, co-founder, and dev with Lemonade.Social Chris Lahaye is based in Utrecht in the Netherlands and is co-founder of Lemonade.Social – a platform for online and IRL events. His surname is French and refers to The Haig and he previously studied engineering before getting a masters in computer science. While he now works full-time on Lemonade Social, it began life as a small startup some four years ago. Two of his other co-founders were based in Barcelona and wanted to see if they could help creators monetize and connect with their fans. Traditional social platforms such as YouTube or Facebook would only really provide revenue for the actual platform unless the creators had managed to build huge followings. Lemonade.Social was named for the old-fashioned lemonade stand beloved by baby boomers and operated at the end of the yard by children. The concept was to link creators with their fans – but using technology to build marketing lists, collaborate with other creators, split payments, and sell products – with NFTs as the main ticketing and revenue-generating product. “Of course, four years ago it began as a real-life project. My other two founders invited creators such as buskers to provide a home concert in their room and Ipshita Kumar started cooking dinners. It was soon apparent that real incomes could be earned by connecting fans and diners directly with the creators and in Ipshita’s case, the chef.” What started as an experiment in supporting creators was almost killed off by lockdowns but the emergence of Web3 allowed the platform to go up a gear, especially with the introduction of NFTs. “We are now bridging the gap between Web 2 and Web 3 and enrolling creators onto our ecosystem.” Lemonade.Social can offer creators the opportunity to mint NFTs directly from its platform and then sell them on whatever marketplace they choose. “Lemonade’s marketplace supports direct purchases, auctions and can enable royalty splits should more than one creator work on the same project. These royalty splits are persistent wherever the NFT is resold across different marketplaces.” Another feature available on the platform is POAPs or proof of attendance protocol. “But we don’t treat it just like a static thing – we see creators using POAPs to allow their community access events, enjoy exclusive membership, receive free gifts etc.” It is important for Lemonade.Social to point out that creators own their own data, although the platform also offers in-house data analytics to help creators better understand what their community is doing and where they are most active. Most recently a B2B conference hosted their event on Lemonade.Social. The conference organizers were able to white label the conference using their own domain, name, and branding. Live chat is also a feature, a question box, and speed dating functions, as well as audio/video rooms where delegates can break out into micro-groups to have a conversation. “We are also working with a B2C festival in India so the idea of live streaming and watch parties for talks and shows is very popular.” “We approach our development with a view to removing friction for users. Most creators have no knowledge of blockchain and we don’t think they should be aware of the underlying tech. In developing Lemonade, we saw gas fees as a friction point and so we provide gas fees for the creators instead – they don’t even need to open a wallet. We give every user a Lemonade wallet so if they have NFTs or POAPs then they can store them and see them in the platform wallet.” Lemonade.Social aims to be chain agnostic and until recently has worked with EVM-compatible chains. However, it has just finished integration with Unique Network from the PolkaDot ecosystem. Unique did this by creating an EVM compatibility layer. There are general industry challenges such as the lack of a distinct NFT standard – such as the EVM ERC 721 standard. “We had to build some workarounds but the result is that Unique has come up with a new spec which is pretty exciting. With ERC 721 the standard is in the smart contract but with Unique they’ve built the standard onto the blockchain directly.  It’s baked in, if you will, which was a challenge but which is also really cool and means creators can now look at dividing up NFTs amongst other features currently being built out. “It’s been a pleasure to work with the Unique team – they are very smart and work really fast. Of course, we need to timetable the new features to fit in with the production releases of the two chains but we can’t wait to look at the features offered through building on the native blockchain.” Lemonade hopes to continue to work closely with Unique Network to enable higher Web3 adoption while actively building and driving sustainability initiatives together. It is focused on a number of key areas such as establishing use for POAPs and showcasing NFT utility at IRL events with token gated access to events, content, product drops. Together with Unique they will also look to enable decentralized record labels by empowering artists and musicians to collaborate on limited edition Phigital Vinyls. “We are also looking at the possibilities of shared NFT ownership, where we can provide fractionalised ownership of NFTs, making Web3 and digital assets more accessible to the community,” says Lahaye. Alex Mitrovitch, CEO of Unique Network, welcomes the close cooperation between the two companies: “With Unique Network’s capabilities and Lemonade’s user-friendly web3 infrastructure, we’re excited to be building infrastructure to empower creators and onboard the next billion users into web3 in a way that is inclusive and sustainable. Other planned activities include IRL events and conferences where together they plan on creating events & experiences focused around education and culture that help grow the Unique and Polkadot developer and creator ecosystem in new markets. Finally, the two companies are focused on bringing Web3 to the real world and providing a platform for heritage and iconic institutions & organisations to adopt Web3 technology, and allowing guests to unlock POAPs on check-in and provide NFT memberships. While the creators on the Lemonade platform do not have to know the underlying technology they can choose their preferred chain via logos when building their ecosystems. In addition to Unique and PolkaDot, Lemonade.Social has also integrated with Ethereum, Moonbase, Binance Chain, Arbitrum, and Polygon.

Lemonade is Sweetening Web3 in a Unique Way

After two years of the pandemic, Gamescom has finally returned, and not without plenty of highlights. Each year, Gamescom attracts hundreds of thousands of attendees, and 2022 promises to be no exception. Featuring a wide range of events, announcements, and presentations, Gamescom is the highlight of the game industry calendar. In addition to bringing you the latest gaming news and announcements, the convention also lets you try out some of the most anticipated games that won't hit the market until much later (e.g., System Shock and A Plague Tale: Requiem). In the absence of E3, Gamescom 2022 is likely to be the biggest and most notable gaming event of the year. We attended the convention in Cologne, Germany, over the weekend and bring you some of its best highlights. Gamescom 2022 Highlights 1.   Age of Empires IV - Ottomans and Malians Update 2.   The Callisto Protocol New Gameplay Reveal 3.   Off the Grid - A Cyberpunk Battle Royale 2.0 Shooter 4.   Lies of P, Pinocchio-Inspired Steampunk Adventure 5.   Bandai Namco Lineup 6.   Moonbreaker Presentation 7.   THQ Nordic, Alone in the Dark, Wreckreation, and other games 8.   Dune Awakening Announcement 9.   Indie Games 1. Age of Empires IV - Ottomans and Malians Update One of the biggest Gamescom 2022 surprises for RTS fans is the coming of two new civilizations to the Age of Empires IV. The addition will be a part of a free anniversary update expected on October 25 this year. The trailer shows that Malians are introducing spear throwers and spear and shield wielders, while Ottomans are using new types of powerful siege units and a new kind of horseback unit. The update will coincide with the arrival of Season 3, which will also bring two new map types into the game. 2. The Callisto Protocol New Gameplay Reveal The Callisto Protocol is . With The Callisto Protocol, the developer Striking Distance aims to redefine the survival horror genre, and from what we've seen at Gamescom, it appears that they might succeed. one of the most anticipated sci-fi horrors of the year During Opening Night Live, Glen Schofield, the studio’s CEO, revealed a new gameplay trailer showing some combat elements, including stealth techniques and melee combat. The trailer ends with the main character sliced up by a giant fan at the end of a waterslide trap, which only adds to the overall goriness of the game and makes you wonder how you can escape this trap. The Callisto Protocol will release on December 2. 3. Off the Grid - A Cyberpunk Battle Royale 2.0 Shooter Off the Grid is one of the most exciting and mysterious projects announced this year that received significant attention at Gamescom 2022. Developed by and envisioned by Neill Blomkamp, District 9 and Elysium director, OTG is a cyberpunk Battle Royale 2.0 shooter game set in a dystopian future. According to game developers, an essential aspect of OTG's evolution is a strong emphasis on narrative progression, allowing players to control the story and influence gameplay via their choices. Gunzilla The game will allow 150 players to fight on a constantly evolving map, and players will be able to craft, customize, and trade their in-game items with other players. The OTG booth at Gamescom didn’t reveal any trailers but, through theatrical performance, allowed us to immerse into the game’s world run by corporations and make your initial choice of the faction you want to fight for. OTG will come to PlayStation®5, Xbox® Series X|S, and PC in 2023. 4. Lies of P, Pinocchio-Inspired Steampunk Adventure Lies of P, a Pinocchio-inspired action game announced in May by developer Round8 Studio and publisher NeoWiz, received much attention at Gamescom. The creators allowed the game to be tested on the booths, presented a new trailer, and announced plans to release it on Game Pass. Lies of P is an action-adventure game set in a dark Belle Époque world. During the game, the players will be put in situations where lying is needed to protect the protagonist and others. The official gameplay trailer revealed at Gamescom shows the complex world with steampunk-inspired surroundings and dynamic combats. Lies of P received the Best Adventure Action Game and Best RPG awards and is coming to PlayStation, Xbox, and PC in 2023. 5. Bandai Namco Lineup Bandai Namco brought three games to Gamescom 2022-Park Beyond, The Devil in Me, and One Piece Odyssey. All three games were playable at the company’s booths and attracted many visitors. Although each game was fun, our personal favorite of the trio was Park Beyond, a theme park simulator with advanced coaster-creation tools, colorful maps, and vivid characters. The game provides highly customizable rides, story-driven campaign modes, and in-depth analysis tools such as expense data, visitor feedback analysis, and monitoring of visitor trends. The game will come to Microsoft Windows, Xbox Series X and Series S, and PlayStation 5 in 2023. 6. Moonbreaker Moonbreaker is a digital tabletop miniature turn-based strategy game that attracted much attention at Gamescom. Developed by Unknown Worlds, the developer of Subnautica, and based on a new world created by bestselling author Brandon Sanderson, Moonbreaker is a game that can win millions of hearts and last for years. It is a tabletop RPG in which players collect, paint and battle their miniatures of fantasy and sci-fi creatures. The game is not based on any existing tabletop game and introduces a new world with its lore, rule set, and creatures. Moonbreaker will be available on PC and macOS for early access on September 29. 7. THQ Nordic, Alone in the Dark, Wreckreation, and other games Austrian video game publisher THQ Nordic came to Gamescom 2022 with an impressive lineup of nine games, two of which, Alone in the Dark and Wreckreation, attracted the most attention from the press and visitors. Alone in the Dark is a reimagination of the classic horror game that lets you experience a haunting story through the eyes of the two protagonists. Set in the 1920s, the game takes you on an exploration path to solve the mystery of a missing person. Along the way, you’ll encounter monsters and solve many puzzles. Inspired by Burnout and Need for Speed, Wreckreation is a 400 kilometers big racing world that players can modify, shape and wreck. Wreckreation aims to be the ultimate racing world experience, where you can create tracks and race them together with other players, crashing and pulling off dizzy stunts along the way. Other notable titles from THQ Nordic presented at Gamescom are , , and . Outcast 2 Destroy All Humans! 2 - Reprobed AEW: Fight Forever 8. Dune Awakening The first trailer for Dune: Awakening was revealed at Gamescom 2022 Opening Night. There aren’t a lot of details about the game yet, but it seems that Dune: Awakening is going to be a survival MMO game set on the desert planet of Arrakis, where the main story of Dune is set. You can join factions, find and make alliances with players, manage your resources, and explore the planet. A significant element of the worldbuilding of Dune: Awakening is sandstorms that must be considered when building, as they can drastically reshape the environment. Dune: Awakening will be available on PC, PS5, and Xbox Series X/S, but no release dates have been announced yet. 9. Uncountable Indie Titles Along with AAA games presented by big studios, Gamescom was also a showcase for some great-looking games from smaller publishers and developers. , an award-winning indie video game publisher, is one of the most notable participants of the expo, which brought several interesting playable demos of the upcoming games. One example is Deadsuit - Ghost Song, a sci-fi horror platformer in which you go deep beneath the surface of the desolate moon of Lorian, battling strange creatures and uncovering the secrets of the ancient alien world. Humble Games But, perhaps, everyone’s favorite of the indie section was Vikings on Trampolines. The game is precisely what its title is and lets you control a bunch of Vikings bouncing off the trampolines, attempting to stay alive by avoiding the ground. The game is as fun as it sounds, and after Gamescom 2022, it is one of the most anticipated indie titles of the year. Final Thoughts on Gamescom 2022 After two years of no significant gaming conventions taking place in real life, Gamescom feels like a breath of fresh air. Packed with events, hundreds of announcements, presentations, and dozens of playable demos of upcoming games, Gamescom is the largest gaming convention in the world that is worth attending in person and paying attention to. Picking the highlights from such a densely packed program is challenging, but we tried to do our best to inform you about some of the most notable events and announcements from the event. Hopefully, you found these highlights exciting and are now looking forward to playing some of the games presented at the convention. You can find more information about the event on its . website

Gamescom 2022 Highlights You Can't Miss

Faits saillants de la Gamescom 2022 à ne pas manquer

गेम्सकॉम 2022 हाइलाइट्स जिन्हें आप मिस नहीं कर सकते

見逃せない Gamescom 2022 のハイライト

Destaques da Gamescom 2022 que você não pode perder

Gamescom 2022 Điểm nổi bật bạn không thể bỏ lỡ

Gamescom 2022 亮点不容错过

Why The Metaverse Is Already Broken (And How To Fix It — Chapter Two)

A guide to finding good web3 games and avoiding scams in 10 steps So you decided to look into NFT gaming and play-to-earn games on the blockchain. Is it really possible to make money just by playing? Is it still possible during a market crash? Once you start getting into web3 gaming, sometimes you get more questions than answers. So I want to help you with a series of articles on the topic. Rug pulls Possibly the first thing you come across after starting your research is an abundance of scams, rug pulls and pump-and-dump schemes. What is that? Rug pulls and pump-and-dumps are similar in meaning. It describes a project that drives up its value with marketing to attract investors. Then the founders sell all their assets, dropping the value to zero and leaving investors with nothing. Do your own research How to avoid scams? You might hear a lot of advice to (do your own research). But how do you DYOR when you just entered the scene? Below are 10 things we suggest you start with. Check their previous projects. Are they being truthful about their background? Were any of their projects scams? How did they deal with their previous projects failing? If they just left without saying anything or providing any meaningful resolution — it’s a red flag. Look up the founders. Are there any big names? Google them. Check their investors. If a gaming project doesn’t have one — it’s a red flag. See what the community is talking about. How are the developers responding if at all? Join their Discord server. or are there only investors waiting to cash out when the time comes? Are there players in the community who build game strategies If they aren’t — are they providing explanations and support to their community or are they staying silent? See if they’re delivering on their promises stated on the roadmap. Is anyone buying their tokens? Does the price change a lot? You can check that on , for example. Check their token activity. CoinMarketCap The truth is, the cheaper the token stays the better. Low game token prices mean that the GameFi project was designed as a game and not as an investment opportunity. https://twitter.com/Moonstreamto/status/1540062155914891264?s=20&t=ocC7HtXDqLILu1kDkjx8Nw Some blockchains have higher gas fees and slower processing times — that will become important during gameplay. Ethereum has high gas (at least before ), Ethereum’s Level 2 chains have low gas fees. Check what blockchain the game is on. the Merge Is it too expensive? How easy is it to start participating? , how successful are they? Do they have 10k NFTs and have sold only 10 of them? Check prices on OpenSea Are they all words and Discord/Twitter (a.k.a. off-chain) giveaways and do not have any blockchain development going on? There’s a big chance they want to sell you tokens/NFTs with no actual in-game utility. See if the project has any blockchain activity. Look for on-chain loyalty programs, leaderboards, airdrops, minigames, in-game items, and consumables. Think of web3 games not as an investment but as an actual game. When you can tell that the developers put emphasis on gameplay, on the fun players are supposed to be having — that’s a good sign. If you want to get rich fast — there’s a higher chance of investing in the wrong kind of project that overpromises and flops after launch. Stay tuned for more articles on how to enter and participate in blockchain gaming. If you found this post useful, leave a comment, and share it with a friend! I’d really appreciate that.

How to Find Promising NFT Games and Avoid Scams

Tokens and Coins Every day we discover new cryptocurrency projects on different blockchain platforms, where the preselected list can be found on , , or other crypto aggregator sites. Coingecko Coinmarketcap The cryptocurrency projects are categorized as a coin and token. The coin is a native currency of a (in most cases it’s a blockchain, but we have other architectures like ). Smart Contract Platform DAG The token can be emitted by everyone (in the ) on these platforms and in most cases is associated with a cryptocurrency project. Permissionless Blockchain We can also have many tokens or coins associated with one project. In most situations, one is used as a currency and another for protocol governance. A few examples are or . Theta Phantasma Chain . Many of them are scams, don't have a business sense, or are managed by inexperienced teams. For these reasons, people often fail to score profits due to a lack of cryptocurrency understanding. Over 13000 crypto projects are available and this number is growing every day To navigate in this space, we need a framework to narrow the scope of our findings because cryptocurrency research takes some time. This process is called screening, or pre-selection. Screening (Pre-Selection) We have many methods to screen potential crypto projects. We can divide them into 4 groups: 1. – choosing projects based on their social activity, a recommendation from influencers or social media groups. Social Heimdall CoinGossip LunarCrush MoonFactor Evai 2. – usage of metrics from traditional financial analysis like or new one introduces for crypto like . Fundamental P/E TVL TokenTerminal Blocknomy CryptoMiso Messari DefiLlama 3. – focusing on a specific niche or (gaming, media, meme coin etc.). Categories category CoinGecko CoinMarketCap 4. – investing in projects from different phases or with a specific market cap. For example, we can hunt for projects before listing ( , or ). Maturity ICO launchpad launchpool CoinCheckUp GemsReviews Screening Strategies There is not any best way for screening. However, you can choose any of these approaches or even mix them to create your own screening strategy. To give you an example of how it can look: 1.	Projects recommended by some Twitter accounts (you can check to get some recommendations) my account 2.	From specific categories like gamefi 3.	WIth our defined criteria (number of Twitter followers, specific blockchain, backed by VC…) 4.	Before the project is in the public sale phase Now, when we know what do we want to create, we can deep dive into this process. Screening Process The efficient screening process enables us to narrow available projects which can be analyzed later in the Selection part. The Investment Process and Selection will be covered in detail in other articles. We need to start with a (tool) or in order to catch promising projects. After this, we will have to apply our criteria and do preselection. Based on the strictness of it, we will have fewer or more coins for further investigation. This should be adjusted based on our time availability, like – how many projects do we want to analyze per week? And so on... Screener Screening Strategy Most of the criteria will depend on our source or chosen screener. If we are using fundamental scanners, we can focus on some parameters like MC, Users, or TVL. When these details are not available in our screener, we can always look for them on coin listing sites like Coingecko or Coinmarketcap. I am also always adding – why exactly I am buying this and how do I want to earn on this investment? This is especially useful for Evidence-Based Assessment from module 4 of . Investment Thesis Cryptocurrency Investment Framework If still, you get more projects than you can handle, you can create a queue for them. This also means that you should find a way to order them (or choose randomly). Another approach is to add additional criteria. I like , especially with the combination of the investment thesis. SWOT analysis Let’s do an example for Bitcoin. Investment Thesis Example - Bitcoin – increased adoption being perceived as a source of value, inflation hedge, digital gold narrative and payment method via a . Everything that creates demand and increases the price due to limited supply. Investment Thesis Lightning Network : SWOT analysis • – first cryptocurrency, broad adoption among individuals, companies and countries Strengths • – old architecture, some energy consumption controversies Weaknesses • – adoption from different companies and countries, higher availability to the individual via traditional finance Opportunities • – regulation and banning bitcoin in a certain jurisdiction, companies selling bitcoin for-profit and changing narration of digital gold Threads You can also find many examples on the internet: This will give you less or more confidence for an investment thesis and help decide if you want to spend some time researching this project. SWOT analysis also shows you where should you put focus during your research. You can also consider dividing your investment thesis and swot analysis in the short and long term (depending on your Investment Strategy). Screening Framework Let’s recap the main points: 1. -> where and how do I want to find it? Screener and screening strategy 2. -> what is the most important for me? Screening criteria 3. -> what do I know about this? SWOT analysis 4. -> why I want to buy this? Investment thesis What next? In the next articles, we will cover Investment and Selection process. After it, you will be able to start researching your crypto projects. I will share with you my framework, some examples and tips on how to start. You can also follow me on to get more investment frameworks and cryptocurrency analyses. Twitter Nothing in this article constitutes professional investment advice. Please do your own thorough research before making any investment decisions. Disclaimer:

How to Find New Cryptocurrency Projects

The price of NFTs, especially profile-picture NFTs like CryptoPunks and Bored Ape, continuously skyrocket attracting great attention to the NFT market in the process. In addition to profile-picture NFTs, the market is made up of many other NFT types, including trading cards, generative art, and games. Each NFT type has its representative projects. The wealth resulting from the prosperity of select projects in the NFT market continues to inspire NFT collectors and newcomers to look for the next artistic breakthrough and blue-chip NFT. Also known as the "Mineable NFT," PoW NFT is a new NFT type that has the potential to ignite a new collection trend. To understand PoW NFT, we can first take a look at PoW coins. Two of the most well-known PoW coins are Bitcoin and Dogecoin. Besides, though always claiming the transfer from PoW to PoS, Ethereum - besides always claiming a transfer from PoW to PoS, is strictly a PoW coin. Despite the fact that the cryptocurrency market is full of scam tokens like ERC-20 and BEP-20, according to data from crypto state, the PoW coins account for over 60% of the entire market. In a nutshell, PoW coins are mineable coins that use the proof-of-work consensus algorithm to generate new blocks on the blockchain. It requires miners to perform hash rate calculations on machines - a process known as mining. CPUs and GPUs are no longer the machines used to mine PoW coins, today professional ASIC miners are used. These changes mainly resulted from miners' pursuit of efficiency and cost control after PoW coins have scaled up. Therefore, we can understand PoW NFT as a product of miners using machines to mine NFTs, rather than coins or using the proof-of-work consensus algorithm to generate new NFTs on the blockchain. PoW is important in cryptocurrency. Bitcoin uses PoW as its consensus protocol to realize distributed ledger and ensure the security of the ledger. At the same time, PoW provides added fairness to the distribution of Bitcoin. After more than ten years of development, Bitcoin has formed a stable production cost on a global scale because of the PoW mechanism. As a result, its relatively stable price and investment-profit matrix contribute to miners' faith in becoming long-term holders. Likewise, PoW's importance also applies to Ethereum and Dogecoin. PoW is extremely important for cryptocurrency in terms of market value, technology, security, fair distribution in the early stage, and the formation of long-term sustainability. It can be concluded that cryptocurrency cannot last without the PoW mechanism. One may wonder if PoW is just as important to NFTs as it is to cryptocurrency? What makes PoW NFT valuable? The rest of this article will center on these questions and explore answers to them. The article consists of 3 parts: A brief history of PoW and PoW NFT Representative PoW NFT projects: 2.1 PoW NFT on Ethereum: MoonCatResecure、Atom、MineablePunks 2.2 PoW NFT on Hacash: Hacash Diamond The value and future of PoW NFT 1. A brief history of PoW and PoW NFT To understand the emerging market of PoW NFT, we must first understand what PoW is. PoW is short for Proof-of-Work. It's an economic countermeasure against service and resource misuse or Denial of Service(DoS) attacks. Users are required to perform some complex operations that consume a moderate amount of time. The answers can be quickly verified by the service provider. The time, equipment, and energy consumed are used as guarantee costs to ensure that services and resources cater to real needs. This idea was first proposed by Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor in an academic paper in 1993 and the term PoW was invented by Markus Jakobsson and Ari Juels in 1999. The earliest use case for the PoW mechanism was Hashcash created by the current BlockStream founder, Adam Back. Hashcash was later used by Satoshi Nakamoto in designing Bitcoin's mining scheme. At the bottom of Bitcoin’s white paper, it cites Hashcash as the sixth position. We can trace PoW NFT's origin to Crypto trading cards in 1993. It was proposed by Hal Finney, most likely by Bitcoin’s creator Satoshi Nakamoto. It is also widely recognized as the earliest NFT prototype. Although the Crypto trading card was not really implemented at the time, we can infer that each card's hash was not randomly generated with equal probability, otherwise, there would be an unlimited number of cards with identical value. As a result, these cards could have collection value only if their hash conforms to a certain established rule, such as the fixed PoW difficulty. If there are no established rules for generating effective hash, the potential number of crypto trading cards is infinite, and collectible crypto trading cards must have some kind of rare hash value result. For example: “000000000000007f8c5aba11cf3b5e67a2” “d01e14a7f8c5aba11cf3b025285e67a26687” The first one will be more collectible than the second because it is "good-looking." Such a well-organized hash is derived from PoW computation, greater hash power will result in a "better-looking" hash number. Then the Crypto trading cards mentioned by Finney, in every respect, must be PoW, otherwise, they will have no value for collection, transaction, and circulation. In 1998, Nick Szabo, the father of the smart contract, invented Bit Gold, which was an expensive encrypted gold that is computed using electricity. The first key property of Bit Gold is PoW: a proof of value derived from consuming hash power. For Bit Gold, a valid hash must follow some patterns, such as the number of leading zeros in the hash result. Due to the unpredictability involved in generating hash, the only way to find a valid hash is to compute it over and over again until we find a valid one. Such a valid hash serves as proof that its owner actually consumed computing power to find it and anyone who finds a valid hash will own it. Since each Bit Gold is represented by a unique hash, the cost of computing the hash and deriving the Bit Gold varies, resulting in different values. But Bit Gold's "unchanged difficulty" for deriving valid hash leads to inflation. As hash value increases and computers improve, it will become easier to generate a valid hash and its value will be diluted by an oversupply of valid hashes. Bit Gold is a typical PoW NFT. But it is not an NFT worthy of collection because it does not solve the core problem of inflation caused by "unchanged difficulty." 2. Representative PoW NFT projects We investigated exemplary PoW NFT projects available in the market. These NFTs can be divided into two categories: primitive PoW NFTs on non-smart-contract chains, and PoW NFTs on smart-contract-supported chains. Currently, PoW NFTs that support smart contracts are all only on the Ethereum chain, and PoW NFTs on non-smart-contract chains are only on the Hacash chain. 2.1 PoW NFT on Ethereum: MoonCat、Atom、Mpunks There are three main PoW NFTs on the Ethereum chain: MooncatRescue(MoonCat), PoW NFT (Atom), and Mineable NFT (Mpunks). PoW NFT and Mineable NFT are their real names. The group running these two projects might also have realized that PoW NFT was a potential market in its early stage, so they took these names in advance. But it can be verified by the blockchain that these two projects are not the earliest PoW NFTs. In this article, we will refer to them as Atom and mpunks respectively. MoonCatRescue(MoonCat) , also known as MoonCat, is a classic NFT after CryptoPunk. The first MoonCat was born on August 10, 2017. Moon Cat was developed by two creators, collectively known as Ponderware. MoonCatRescue Strictly speaking, MoonCat is not a PoW NFT. It uses the CPU mining mechanism for production. You can find a MoonCat in a few seconds or minutes by connecting your Ethereum wallet to the website and searching with a CPU. This process does not consume too much hash power, because it is just a simple "generating algorithm". This seemingly simple approach contributes to the birth of PoW NFT: fair distribution, open for everyone to mine, unpredictable style before an NFT is mined. Therefore, PoW NFT is generative art in the NFT market. PoW NFT(Atom) The first PoW NFT project on Ethereum centers on Atom and is named . In order to distinguish this project from the PoW NFT category, we refer to it as Atom in this article. PoW NFT The founders of Atom claimed that it is the first PoW NFT by definition, but the first Atom was generated on March 12, 2021. Similar to Mooncats, Atom can also be produced by connecting the Ethereum wallet to the website and searching Atoms with a CPU. But it takes no longer than just a matter of seconds to minutes to find an Atom because the "mining difficulty" is not fixed. Theoretically, the total amount of Atom is infinite. But after more than 40,000 Atoms are mined, it will be difficult to produce an Atom. That is, the difficulty of mining will go up with the number of Atoms mined. In each new cycle, the difficulty will increase by 3 times and the production time will also triple on average. Since there is no upper limit on the number of Atoms, the difficulty will surge in the 14th cycle (starting number #16384), and it would be infinitely difficult to mine an Atom. So the #16384 Atom is technically the last Atom that can be mined. Besides, the mining cost also doubles in each cycle, and the current cost of mining an Atom is 0.18ETH. Depending on the configuration of the computer, the average time of producing an Atom varies. Experiment shows that it takes 1 minute for a laptop to mine the #258 Atom, and 1 hour for the #2048 Atom on average. After in #8192, the average time needed jumps to about 6 hours. Unlike MoonCat, different Atoms vary in atomic elements and mining difficulty. However, Atom's mining difficulty does not change continuously, resulting in Atom production being monopolized by miners of large hash power. Due to the discontinuous mining difficulty, Atom production can become unpredictable and Atom price can fluctuate uncontrollably. At this time, the market is on the verge of collapse. Mineable NFT(Mpunks) has changed its name to Mineable NFT. Because the group running the project has created two different Mineable projects to increase Mpunks' liquidity, it uses two names to differentiate the two projects. Mpunks Mpunks mainly consist of CryptoPunk. Theoretically, there can be many CryptoPunks, but Larva Labs limits the number to 10,000. The remaining CryptoPunks in addition to the 10,000 ones, however, can be delivered through mining. The mining difficulty of Mpunks continues to increase. Like Atom, Mpunks can be monopolized by miners of great hash power. The fact that every 33 Mpunks mined would result in one Mpunk going to the founder further upsets some Mpunks collectors. Imagine how the Bitcoin miners feel if the community has to give a Bitcoin to Satoshi Nakamoto each time after 33 Bitcoins are mined. Another risk lies in Mpunks' copyright. But Mpunks collectors hope Larva Labs will sue Mpunks for copyright infringement because it's also a good sign for them. It can be expected that if the PoW NFT market becomes popular, various PoW NFT projects will emerge, such as mineable BAYC, mineable Noodles, and mineableBlockArt. Should this happen, interested collectors who have missed CryptoPunk or BYAC will have a more fair way to own their PoW version. 2.2 PoW NFT on Hacash: Hacash Diamond(HACD) Hacash Diamond is different from the three PoW NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain above. It is on a blockchain called Hacash. The Hacash White Paper was published by an anonymous author on the internet in 2018 and subsequently was used to develop the Hacash ecosystem by developers in the Hacash community. The first Hacash Diamond was mined on May 16, 2019. HACD is short for Hacash Diamond. Each HACD is represented by 6 special letters from the set of letters "WTYUIAHXVMEKBSZN" so that the total amount of HACD is limited to 16 ^ 6 = 16,777,216. And each HACD varies in shape and color. HACD's total amount is very large compared to the PoW NFT projects mentioned above, and its mining difficulty also constantly rises like Atom and Mpunks. But the mining difficulty increases smoothly and continuously, allowing miners to accurately estimate the time and hash power needed to mine a HACD. In terms of a sustainable ecosystem, the number of miners in the HACD community rises at a stable rate. Most interestingly, after each Hacash Diamond is produced, miners need to bid for the diamond. It should be the first example of miners participating in auctions in the cryptocurrency world. Compared to other PoW NFTs, this bidding mechanism has four significant benefits: The production of HACD per unit time is controllable and has an upper limit. While the continuous increase in mining difficulty contributes to stable demand and supply in the long term, the bid mechanism helps dynamically adjust demand-supply conditions in the short term. Note that a higher bid implies a greater demand. While the time spent on mining determines the validity of HACDs, bid mechanism determines which HACD is valid at the end of a cycle. Transparent bid cost helps collectors evaluate the value of a Hacash Diamond that they are collecting. The biggest problem is that HACD is not an NFT on the Ethereum blockchain and as such, a third party needs to be involved to guarantee the transaction for each listing on the Opensea or other NFT marketplaces. 3. PoW NFTs' Value and Future The core use case of PoW NFT must be the same as Bitcoin, i.e a store of value. If that is the case, then the three elements that measure good store of value pricing, stored value, and liquidity can also measure a PoW NFT collectible. The pricing level is referenced by the mining and bid cost, the stored value level is converted from energy, and the liquidity is provided by a certain number of NFTs with similar features. From MoonCat, Atom, Mpunks, and HACD, we can foresee the great value and potential of PoW NFT in the future. 1. Fair Production Traditional NFTs are produced by smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. With all things being equal, robots are more likely to find and mint an NFT ahead of you. Even after the white list came out, the majority of the collectors still have problems minting an NFT in the early stage. NFTs mined with the PoW mechanism can solve this problem and ensure fair production of NFTs, because the production mainly depends on the amount of hash power. Like the early Bitcoin, the general PoW NFT is mined with CPU and it requires greater hash power to mine as the blockchain's hash power increases. Such Bitcoin-like production is fairer. However, a continuous increase in mining difficulty and a bidding mechanism is necessary to prevent NFTs from being completely monopolized by miners of large hash power. 2. Quantity / Scarcity All NFT projects basically emulate Cypherpunks and limit their NFTs in circulation to specific numbers. Just like many people don’t understand why the number of Bitcoin in circulation is limited to 21M, the number of NFTs needed in circulation is also a mystery. The NFT issuers have intentionally intervened in the number of NFTs to create scarcity. The PoW mechanism allows the NFT to dynamically adjust its production to meet the market demand in the long run. When there is a shortage of the PoW NFTs, the miners can stop producing. In addition to this, the bidding mechanism can balance the demand and supply in the short run. Note that a rise in bid implies a greater demand for the NFT. 3. Art Form: Energy Generative Art Beeple's Everydays is one example of NFT artwork. The uniqueness of such artworks is fulfilled by being an NFT stored on blockchains. As the NFT technology develops, more advanced NFT art forms have emerged. For example, the small balls of Pak can interactively merge with other small balls into a larger ball. Therefore, the art form of PoW is by nature generative art, because it is nearly impossible to mine all PoW NFTs at the same time and know the look of all the NFTs in advance. Each PoW NFT is a blind box for miners. PoW NFT's art form is similar to the famous on-chain generative art, ArtBlock. But there is another name for such an art form--energy generative art. The four PoW NFT projects above all generate figurative works, namely cats, atoms, CryptoPunks, and diamonds. If ArtBlock is combined with PoW, ArtBlock's value can be numerically evaluated. 4. Long-term Sustainability The NFT market can attract great attention through celebrity endorsement and publicity. Though attention can help make a quick profit, it can not help build broad, long-term sustainability, which is necessary for the development of a high-quality collection. PoW NFT's production requires certain investments, including electricity and equipment. These absolute costs contribute to a stable NFT price and help buyers evaluate the value of the NFT. Most NFTs continuously slide down from birth and are short-lived. But PoW NFT does not have the problem of sliding down and perishing quickly. It is more suitable for long-term holding than most profile picture NFTs. Coupled with the increasing mining difficulty and bid mechanism, PoW NFT's marginal cost of production can constantly rise in the long run, and it can always dynamically adjust its production to reach supply-demand equilibrium. These features are conducive to long-term investment by miners and long-term holding by collectors, helping form long-term sustainability. Whether long-term sustainability can be established should be the most important factor to evaluate whether an NFT is worth collecting. Conclusion Compared with PoW coins’ over 60% market share, PoW NFTs are still in the early stage of NFT development. And HACD is undoubtedly a leading project in the PoW NFT market with its mature mechanism. But its problem is that it is not on the Ethereum blockchain, which will inevitably slow down its development. I believe that the rise of PoW NFT relies on the celebrity effect. HACD can expand its influence by cooperating with a well-known public blockchain or attracting famous artists to design new HACD-like PoW NFTs on a well-known public blockchain. We look forward to a breakthrough in PoW NFTs brought by these two approaches in the future. References [1]Wikipedia. (n.d.). Proof of work. Retrieved March 27, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work [2] Bit Gold (2005, December 29). Nick Szabo. https://nakamotoinstitute.org/bit-gold/ [3] PoW-Based NFTs in 2021: A Comparison (2021, October 15). Ken You. https://hackernoon.com/pow-based-nfts-in-2021-a-comparison

Why PoW NFTs are the Next Blue-Chip NFT Collections

Here’s a beautiful paradox. Our bodies have elements found in stars, yet we’ve not evolved to survive in the extremes of space. Sheltered by the crown jewel in our Solar System, a permanent multi-planetary presence forces us to re-think the most basic assumptions about our physiology, psychology, basic functioning, and emotional needs. How can we test prototypes, technologies, and human dynamics for space settlements? A sustained presence in space requires more than a hardware fix. on Earth have been serving as a “petri dish” for decades, informing scientists about the human dimensions for spaceflight and exploration. Of course, the scope and breadth of these field missions vary. Still, at its core, they set out to simulate space-like environments in extreme areas to assess how we respond accordingly. Analog missions I’ve noticed the widening gap between the increased commercialization of the space industry and analog work on Earth for space. Only a few space agencies, research institutions, and private initiatives undertake the challenge of analog work, simulating space-like conditions and experiences for research and development (R&D). These initiatives remain relatively siloed, forcing scientists, explorers, and organizers to often scramble for additional sponsorship sources. I met with two seasoned analog researchers to further understand the dynamics of this current scenario. Ladakh: A Petri dish for Mars in the Himalayas Based in Mumbai, Ph.D. is the Head of two major divisions at Amity University Mumbai- part of India’s largest non-profit private educational group. Siddharth leads the . With a doctorate in aerospace engineering, Siddharth has a breadth and depth of experience in the space industry. He currently also serves in an advisory capacity to several space organizations and he's the project coordinator for the Spaceward Bound India Program. Siddharth Pandey Amity Space Centre and India’s first Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology (ACoeA) The Spaceward Bound Program started at NASA Ames Research Center in 2006. This annual educational program unites astrobiologists, scientists, and students in extreme environments for research and study. Earlier expeditions were conducted in remote areas in the Mojave Desert, Idaho, North Dakota, Australia, New Zealand, and the Polar regions. Ladakh, India was the site for the Spaceward Bound Program in August 2016. Ladakh Spaceward program 2016. (Photo credits: Siddharth Pandey) Ladakh is located in the easternmost section of the Himalayas (3500 - 5500 meters above sea level). With cold temperatures and high ultraviolet exposure due to its elevation, Ladakh has unique topological features that are of particular interest to scientists and analog explorers alike. For example, it has natural hot springs filled with microbial organisms adapted to reduced oxygen levels and atmospheric pressure. Salty lakes coexist with arid desert, making Ladakh in many ways possibly similar to ancient Mars. Data sourced by rovers points that liquid water and warmer temperatures were maybe present on the Martian surface. Despite this rich “petri dish'' for research and development, Ladakh is a lesser studied region for human space exploration. Siddharth co-authored the paper about the 2016 expedition. The International Journal of Astrobiology published this paper. It presents data to prove why Ladakh is an essential place of study for scientists and explorers. “Ladakh: diverse, high-altitude extreme environments for off-earth analog and astrobiology research” “What we see today in Ladakh is helping us build the picture about what Mars was like 2 billion years ago, and also how it changed,” explained Siddharth. “For example, as a result of climate change on Earth, we see that there are several high-altitude lakes in Ladakh, which are slowly receding because the water is evaporating faster than it's getting filled up. Many of these phenomena occurred on Mars over a long time, so this opportunity at Ladakh helps us understand the Martian past in terms of how the surface atmospheric processes enable life and what kind of life forms exist in these harsh conditions? And if such life forms existed on Mars, what kind of environments would they exist in and what kind of byproducts would they have left behind.” Another dimension for the analog work at Ladakh in 2016 includes productivity. Under such extreme conditions, physical and mental fatigue sets in, aggravated by lower oxygen levels. As a result, what would be easy to do based on someone’s given skill set becomes a gargantuan task. These factors forced mission organizers to understand the interplay of individual productivity, health, and emotional well-being with the group dynamics. Siddharth Pandey connected with me from Mumbai. 2021. “During our expedition, we noticed that there were so many cultural nuances that tend to become visible as in how people go about doing their work. And especially when you had researchers from different backgrounds and sciences, as is typical of astrobiology. And there’s also a sequence in which things are done. So, we need to understand that a site like Ladakh can help us train for such kinds of missions.” The Ladakh Spaceward program visit in 2016 received financial support from the publicly-traded automotive company Tata Motors and National Geographic Traveler India.  Researchers collaborated closely with scientists at the in the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Ladakh Spaceward program 2016. (Photo credits: Siddharth Pandey) Siddharth offered his perspectives on the missed opportunities for the private sector. ”There might not be a clear and immediate return for a space company to invest in analog work unless they have a particular product and service that they would like to market. However, it will be increasingly important to link space research for sustainability on Earth. For example, what are the different technologies for Moon and Mars that can adapt to remote locations in dry environments, which are the usual sites for analog missions? And how can we support the communities that live in these kinds of places? Analog sites can be utilized by companies with applications here on Earth as well, for example, testing low-energy consumption waste management or water filtration systems.” Siddharth explained how his team at the Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology continues to push forward and partner with research and educational institutions for the Mars Amity Research Station (MARS) in Ladakh. For example, they’re planning to build temporary geodesic-dome structures over the next couple of years during specific seasons. Conceptualizing field drills for Moon and Mars with communications lags is another example. The team also wants to democratize the experience and access to the information by opening it up to the broader community of space enthusiasts. Through a new Earth and Space Exploration Program (ESEP) program, enthusiasts apply and partner up for a flat fee with scientists at Ladakh for several days. For the first open call pre-pandemic, more than 100 people had signed up. However, it was scaled down later by the organizers due to social distancing protocols. The Bangalore-based company provided some funding to ESEP 2021, thus showing the dynamism of India’s new space ecosystem. SatSure The first crew of the ESEP 2021 already achieved a major milestone this past July. They tested the Mars Amity Surface Characterization Operations Trainer (MASCOT) in the glacial lake bed of Tsokar at 4600 m above sea level. “Amity University has been very supportive of the work that I do. Space is still not the main focus for universities and especially private ones. I’ve had the opportunity to set up this new center with the freedom to do several things. Building something from scratch presents its challenges, but I’m excited about the prospects for the future.” Analog as Proxy for Imagination and Innovation Ph.D. is a consummate analog researcher and professional explorer. For the past decade, he has specialized in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. Born and based in Paris, France, Benjamin is an elected international fellow of the iconic and a human factor expert at the . He has participated in more than a dozen research expeditions and analog astronaut trainings, including the International MoonBase Alliance missions with the European Space Agency at the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HI-SEAS) habitat. The depth and range of Benjamin’s missions have taken him to remote locations in the Arctic circle, Iceland, Hawaii, Chile, among many others. Benjamin Pothier Explorers Club International Astronautical Federation Benjamin dreamed early in his life to become a jet pilot. However, these plans were cut short due to eyesight problems, so he pivoted to the arts as the launching pad for his career and analog research. For more than 15 years, Benjamin worked in various mediums, photography, sculpture, interactive installations, and film. He earned his doctorate in an interdisciplinary research program at the University of Plymouth's Planetary Collegium. One of his recent artworks ISSBM (ISS BLUE MARBLE), will be launched to the International Space Station next year in collaboration with the space company Nanoracks. By 2021, Benjamin has already participated in two analog missions. First, he served as Commander of the Orpheus Mission at the in northwest Poland. An international crew of 5 other analog astronauts lived and worked with Benjamin for two weeks. The research station is located in a modified nuclear bunker at a former military airport. The crew simulated extracurricular vehicular activities (EVA) and tested several tool prototypes. LunAres Research Station Orpheus Mission crew members Alicja Musial and Eduardo Salazar Perez during an EVA. (Photo credits: Benjamin Pothier) Benjamin also participated in the CHILL-ICE Moon mission in Iceland’s underground lava tubes. The mission was conceptualized by - a non-profit analog astronaut organization - under the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG). A lava-tube is a natural volcanic cave formed after the lava has flowed downslope from a vent, hardened, and emptied. The mission simulated the construction of the first Lunar base (CHILL-ICE stands for the Construction of a Habitat Inside a Lunar-Analogue Lava-tube). Several scientists have proposed lunar caves as ideal sites for robotic and human exploration. These caves would serve as natural shelters from cosmic rays and micrometeorites. EuroMoonMars Benjamin Pothier entering the test site CHILL-ICE mission. 2021. (Photo credits: Benjamin Pothier) Benjamin shared how analog missions open up the study of human ecology, which explains how humans relate to their environments. Benjamin Pothier connected with me from Paris. 2021. “When I'm focusing on the human factor, I’m studying it from an anthropology angle. This allows me to distinguish what’s relevant for the future of human spaceflight because there will be a huge difference between selecting crew to the Moon and Mars compared to selecting crews for the Apollo program or for the International Space Station. I anonymize all my notes about the crew because it’s not about specific individuals. Instead, my study is about looking at the fundamentals of human beings living together under these strange conditions,” explained Benjamin. Benjamin described how easily the industry can overlook breakthroughs in the social dimensions of space settlements. Analog missions require significant effort, preparation, and rigor, especially at the psychological level. Often, those who work with tools and technologies without constraints have difficulty adjusting to the conditions in analog work. These restrictions might explain why the simulation's fidelity also requires ample dosages of imagination and creativity. “I have encountered brilliant scientists that cannot go easily along with the simulation of being somewhere else and playing along with a team. So the simulation also becomes part of the research. It’s a very collaborative process,” said Benjamin. “And although you cannot simulate the entirety of the factors in space for a perfect analog mission, you can replicate many, especially the interaction of crew in the ways they are going live and collaborate. There are also geographical, topological similarities on Earth with the Moon that help field tests and proofs-of-concept.” Benjamin noted a gradual increase in the number of private companies undertaking innovative approaches to support analog work. For example, some of these companies - - plan to build modular habitats on Earth in preparation for long-duration spaceflight. However, there is still evidence of a lack of support from the private sector. Throughout many of his missions, Benjamin has encountered dramatic reductions in the availability of commercial pressurized analog suits. Interstellar Lab “I’m quite surprised, to be honest, that SpaceX doesn’t have an analog division by now. If you plan to go to Mars, you should already be working on analog simulations. Furthermore, some studies are too expensive to conduct in the ISS. It's much easier for space agencies and private companies to conduct more experiments on Earth for long duration spaceflight.” Key takeaways Approaching the human dimensions for sustained space exploration requires a paradigm shift that looks beyond the hardware. Space is an unforgiving environment for the unprepared body and mind alike. Siddharth and Benjamin assessed the variety of factors that harness and truncate analog research missions. With increased stressors that can be simulated on Earth, they advocate that analog work equips us with field data and R&D suitable for spacefarers. To continue to focus on a couple of sectors in the space economy at the expense of the human factors will leave us seriously short-staffed for Lunar and Martian settlements. With an industry that continues to thrive year after year, the time has come for us to embrace analog missions with strength and purpose. We need to imagine our future in space and prepare for it. // is the concept artist featured on the header with (2015). Based in Romania, Bogdan has more than 12 years in the game industry. Science fiction books have inspired his artwork. Bogdan Tufecciu Jumpgates “Places, technologies, and stories inspire me,” said Bogdan. // update. 11.20.21. Since you’ve enjoyed this article, allow me to invite you to my new space blog - recently launched! It’s designed to be ad-free, independently published, and, more importantly, showcasing original research and artwork. Be inspired by the possibilities of our future in space. Continue reading and subscribe to: moni-07b.space

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