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From Help to Gentleman: A Tale of Social Mobility

Love and Mr. Lewisham by H. G. Wells, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE CAMPAIGN OPENS CHAPTER XXIV. — THE CAMPAIGN OPENS. On Saturday Lewisham was first through the folding doors. In a moment he reappeared with a document extended. Mrs. Lewisham stood arrested with her dress skirt in her hand, astonished at the astonishment on his face. “I say!” said Lewisham; “just look here!” She looked at the book that he held open before her, and perceived that its vertical ruling betokened a sordid import, that its list of items in an illegible mixture of English and German was lengthy. “1 kettle of coals 6d.” occurred regularly down that portentous array and buttoned it all together. It was Madam Gadow’s first bill. Ethel took it out of his hand and examined it closer. It looked no smaller closer. The overcharges were scandalous. It was curious how the humour of calling a scuttle “kettle” had evaporated. That document, I take it, was the end of Mr. Lewisham’s informal honeymoon. Its advent was the snap of that bright Prince Rupert’s drop; and in a moment—Dust. For a glorious week he had lived in the persuasion that life was made of love and mystery, and now he was reminded with singular clearness that it was begotten of a struggle for existence and the Will to Live. “Confounded imposition!” fumed Mr. Lewisham, and the breakfast table was novel and ominous, mutterings towards anger on the one hand and a certain consternation on the other. “I must give her a talking to this afternoon,” said Lewisham at his watch, and after he had bundled his books into the shiny black bag, he gave the first of his kisses that was not a distinct and self-subsisting ceremony. It was usage and done in a hurry, and the door slammed as he went his way to the schools. Ethel was not coming that morning, because by special request and because she wanted to help him she was going to copy out some of his botanical notes which had fallen into arrears. On his way to the schools Lewisham felt something suspiciously near a sinking of the heart. His preoccupation was essentially arithmetical. The thing that engaged his mind to the exclusion of all other matters is best expressed in the recognised business form. From this it will be manifest to the most unbusiness like that, disregarding the extraordinary expenditure on the marriage, and the by no means final “few little things” Ethel had bought, outgoings exceeded income by two pounds and more, and a brief excursion into arithmetic will demonstrate that in five-and-twenty weeks the balance of the account would be nothing. But that guinea a week was not to go on for five-and-twenty weeks, but simply for fifteen, and then the net outgoings will be well over three guineas, reducing the “law” accorded our young couple to two-and-twenty weeks. These details are tiresome and disagreeable, no doubt, to the refined reader, but just imagine how much more disagreeable they were to Mr. Lewisham, trudging meditative to the schools. You will understand his slipping out of the laboratory, and betaking himself to the Educational Reading-room, and how it was that the observant Smithers, grinding his lecture notes against the now imminent second examination for the “Forbes,” was presently perplexed to the centre of his being by the spectacle of Lewisham intent upon a pile of current periodicals, the Educational Times, the Journal of Education, the Schoolmaster, Science and Art, The University Correspondent, Nature, The Athenaeum, The Academy, and The Author. Smithers remarked the appearance of a note-book, the jotting down of memoranda. He edged into the bay nearest Lewisham’s table and approached him suddenly from the flank. “What are you after?” said Smithers in a noisy whisper and with a detective eye on the papers. He perceived Lewisham was scrutinising the advertisement column, and his perplexity increased. “Oh—nothing,” said Lewisham blandly, with his hand falling casually over his memoranda; “what’s your particular little game?” “Nothing much,” said Smithers, “just mooching round. You weren’t at the meeting last Friday?” He turned a chair, knelt on it, and began whispering over the back about Debating Society politics. Lewisham was inattentive and brief. What had he to do with these puerilities? At last Smithers went away foiled, and met Parkson by the entrance. Parkson, by-the-bye, had not spoken to Lewisham since their painful misunderstanding. He made a wide detour to his seat at the end table, and so, and by a singular rectitude of bearing and a dignified expression, showed himself aware of Lewisham’s offensive presence. Lewisham’s investigations were two-fold. He wanted to discover some way of adding materially to that weekly guinea by his own exertions, and he wanted to learn the conditions of the market for typewriting. For himself he had a vague idea, an idea subsequently abandoned, that it was possible to get teaching work in evening classes during the month of March. But, except by reason of sudden death, no evening class in London changes its staff after September until July comes round again. Private tuition, moreover, offered many attractions to him, but no definite proposals. His ideas of his own possibilities were youthful or he would not have spent time in noting the conditions of application for a vacant professorship in physics at the Melbourne University. He also made a note of the vacant editorship of a monthly magazine devoted to social questions. He would not have minded doing that sort of thing at all, though the proprietor might. There was also a vacant curatorship in the Museum of Eton College. The typewriting business was less varied and more definite. Those were the days before the violent competition of the half-educated had brought things down to an impossible tenpence the thousand words, and the prevailing price was as high as one-and-six. Calculating that Ethel could do a thousand words in an hour and that she could work five or six hours in the day, it was evident that her contributions to the household expenses would be by no means despicable; thirty shillings a week perhaps. Lewisham was naturally elated at this discovery. He could find no advertisements of authors or others seeking typewriting, but he saw that a great number of typewriters advertised themselves in the literary papers. It was evident Ethel also must advertise. “‘Scientific phraseology a speciality’ might be put,” meditated Lewisham. He returned to his lodgings in a hopeful mood with quite a bundle of memoranda of possible employments. He spent five shillings in stamps on the way. After lunch, Lewisham—a little short of breath-asked to see Madam Gadow. She came up in the most affable frame of mind; nothing could be further from the normal indignation of the British landlady. She was very voluble, gesticulatory and lucid, but unhappily bi-lingual, and at all the crucial points German. Mr. Lewisham’s natural politeness restrained him from too close a pursuit across the boundary of the two imperial tongues. Quite half an hour’s amicable discussion led at last to a reduction of sixpence, and all parties professed themselves satisfied with this result. Madam Gadow was quite cool even at the end. Mr. Lewisham was flushed in the face, red-eared, and his hair slightly disordered, but that sixpence was at any rate an admission of the justice of his claim. “She was evidently trying it on,” he said almost apologetically to Ethel. “It was absolutely necessary to present a firm front to her. I doubt if we shall have any trouble again.... “Of course what she says about kitchen coals is perfectly just.” Then the young couple went for a walk in Kensington Gardens, and—the spring afternoon was so warm and pleasant—sat on two attractive green chairs near the band-stand, for which Lewisham had subsequently to pay twopence. They had what Ethel called a “serious talk.” She was really wonderfully sensible, and discussed the situation exhaustively. She was particularly insistent upon the importance of economy in her domestic disbursements and deplored her general ignorance very earnestly. It was decided that Lewisham should get a good elementary text-book of domestic economy for her private study. At home Mrs. Chaffery guided her house by the oracular items of “Inquire Within upon Everything,” but Lewisham considered that work unscientific. Ethel was also of opinion that much might be learnt from the sixpenny ladies’ papers—the penny ones had hardly begun in those days. She had bought such publications during seasons of affluence, but chiefly, as she now deplored, with an eye to the trimming of hats and such like vanities. The sooner the typewriter came the better. It occurred to Lewisham with unpleasant suddenness that he had not allowed for the purchase of a typewriter in his estimate of their resources. It brought their “law” down to twelve or thirteen weeks. They spent the evening in writing and copying a number of letters, addressing envelopes and enclosing stamps. There were optimistic moments. “Melbourne’s a fine city,” said Lewisham, “and we should have a glorious voyage out.” He read the application for the Melbourne professorship out loud to her, just to see how it read, and she was greatly impressed by the list of his accomplishments and successes. “I did not, know you knew half those things,” she said, and became depressed at her relative illiteracy. It was natural, after such encouragement, to write to the scholastic agents in a tone of assured consequence. The advertisement for typewriting in the Athenaeum troubled his conscience a little. After he had copied out his draft with its “Scientific phraseology a speciality,” fine and large, he saw the notes she had written out for him. Her handwriting was still round and boyish, even as it had appeared in the Whortley avenue, but her punctuation was confined to the erratic comma and the dash, and there was a disposition to spell the imperfectly legible along the line of least resistance. However, he dismissed that matter with a resolve to read over and correct anything in that way that she might have sent her to do. It would not be a bad idea, he thought parenthetically, if he himself read up some sound authority on the punctuation of sentences. They sat at this business quite late, heedless of the examination in botany that came on the morrow. It was very bright and cosy in their little room with their fire burning, the gas lit and the curtains drawn, and the number of applications they had written made them hopeful. She was flushed and enthusiastic, now flitting about the room, now coming close to him and leaning over him to see what he had done. At Lewisham’s request she got him the envelopes from the chest of drawers. “You are a help to a chap,” said Lewisham, leaning back from the table, “I feel I could do anything for a girl like you—anything.” “Really!” she cried, “Really! Am I really a help?” Lewisham’s face and gesture, were all assent. She gave a little cry of delight, stood for a moment, and then by way of practical demonstration of her unflinching helpfulness, hurried round the table towards him with arms extended, “You dear!” she cried. Lewisham, partially embraced, pushed his chair back with his disengaged arm, so that she might sit on his knee.... Who could doubt that she was a help? About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. G. Wells (2006). Love and Mr. Lewisham. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11640/11640-h/11640-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org, located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

THE CAMPAIGN OPENS

Since you opened this article, I assume you either use Elasticsearch or plan to. Another assumption - you definitely found it a great idea to lock your functionality with some integration tests. And it really is! The current company I’m working for has 90+% of code coverage with both unit and integration tests! I would recommend everyone cover their code base with tests since as one wise man said: [Without unit tests] You’re not refactoring, you’re just changing shit.— Hamlet D’Arcy Setup Imagine you have a simple RESTful server with some logic that uses Elasticsearch. In the current showcase — CRUD server. const Hapi = require('@hapi/hapi');
const Qs = require('qs');
const {createHandler} = require("./create/index.js");
const {readAllHandler, readHandler} = require("./read/index.js");
const {updateHandler} = require("./update/index.js");
const {deleteAllHandler, deleteHandler} = require("./delete/index.js");

const init = async () => {

    const server = Hapi.server({
    port: 3000,
    host: 'localhost',
    query: {
        parser: (query) => Qs.parse(query)
    }
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'POST',
    path: '/',
    handler: createHandler
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'GET',
    path: '/{id}',
    handler: readHandler
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'GET',
    path: '/',
    handler: readAllHandler
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'PATCH',
    path: '/{id}',
    handler: updateHandler
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'DELETE',
    path: '/{id}',
    handler: deleteHandler
    });

    server.route({
    method: 'DELETE',
    path: '/',
    handler: deleteAllHandler
    });

    await server.start();

    server.events.on('log', (event, tags) => {
    console.log({event}, {tags})
    if (tags.error) {
        console.log(`Server error: ${event.error ? event.error.message : 'unknown'}`);
    }
    });
    console.log('Server running on %s', server.info.uri);
};

process.on('unhandledRejection', (err) => {

    console.log(err);
    process.exit(1);
});

init(); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode. Now you need to cover the logic of each route with some tests to lock functionality and prevent business logic from being broken. One obvious but not simple solution is to use Docker and spin up Elastic for tests every time. However, is it worth it? I mean do you really want to have a longer spin-up time for the pipeline environment? Are there already-built solutions for that? This plugin downloads and caches Elasticsearch binary when jest starts, then the plugin automatically starts Elastic on defined ports and tears it down when tests are done. How to add tests? I have an example of with/without jest tests setup in the so you can compare all the changes. But now let’s go through it step by step. pull request 1. Install additional modules yarn add --dev jest @shelf/jest-elasticsearch @types/jest Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 2. Add jest-config.js touch jest.config.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode module.exports = {
    preset: '@shelf/jest-elasticsearch',
    clearMocks: true,
    collectCoverage: true,
    coverageDirectory: "coverage",
    coverageProvider: "v8"
}; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Alternatively, you can generate jest config on your own using the . CLI tool 3. Add jest-es-config.js for the plugin touch jest-es-config.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode const {index} = require('./src/elastic.js');

module.exports = () => {
    return {
    esVersion: '8.4.0',
    clusterName: 'things-cluster',
    nodeName: 'things-node',
    port: 9200,
    indexes: [
        {
        name: index,
        body: {
            settings: {
            number_of_shards: '1',
            number_of_replicas: '1'
            },
            mappings: {
            dynamic: false,
            properties: {
                id: {
                type: 'keyword'
                },
                value: {
                type: 'integer'
                },
                type: {
                type: 'keyword'
                },
                name: {
                type: 'keyword'
                },
            }
            }
        }
        }
    ]
    };
}; Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 4. Extend package.json script to run tests {
    "scripts": {
    "test": "jest"
    "serve": "node src/index.js"
    }
} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode 5. Tune elastic client const dotenv = require('dotenv')
dotenv.config()
const {Client} = require('@elastic/elasticsearch');

module.exports.client = new Client({
    node: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test' ? 'http://localhost:9200' : process.env.ES_URL
})

module.exports.index = 'things' Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Add a condition that will use NODE_ENV to connect to local spined-up elastic whenever we are running tests. Profit! Now all the things are ready to write and run tests. All routes are fully covered and stored here: elastic-jest-example As an example let’s cover creating function business logic. const {ulid} = require('ulid');
const {client, index} = require("../elastic.js");

module.exports.createHandler = async (request, h) => {
    if (Object.keys(request.payload))
    try {
        const res = await this.create(request.payload)
        return h.response(res).code(200);
    } catch (e) {
        console.log({e})
        return h.response({e}).code(400);
    }
}

// let's cover this function with some tests
module.exports.create = async (entity) => {
    const {
    type,
    value,
    name,
    } = entity;

    const document = {
    id: ulid(),
    type: type.trim().toLowerCase(),
    value: +value.toFixed(0),
    name: name.trim()
    }

    await client.index({
    index,
    document
    });
    return document.id
} Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode Create a test file and add a couple of statements. touch  src/create/index.test.js Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode const {create} = require("./index.js");
const {client, index} = require("../elastic");

describe('#create', () => {

// clear elastic every time before running it the statement.
// It's really important since each test would be idempotent.
    beforeEach(async () => {
    await client.deleteByQuery({
        index,
        query: {
        match_all: {}
        }
    })
    await client.indices.refresh({index})
    })

    it('should insert data', async () => {
    expect.assertions(3);
    const res = await create({type: 'some', value: 100, name: 'jacket'})
    await client.indices.refresh();
    const data = await client.search({
        index,
        query: {
        match: {
            "id": res
        }
        }
    })

    expect(res).toEqual(expect.any(String))
    expect(res).toHaveLength(26);
    expect(data.hits.hits[0]._source).toEqual({
        "id": res,
        "name": "jacket",
        "type": "some",
        "value": 100
        }
    );
    })

    it('should insert and process the inserted fields', async () => {
    const res = await create({type: 'UPPERCASE', value: 25.99, name: ' spaces '})
    await client.indices.refresh();
    const data = await client.search({
        index,
        query: {
        match: {
            "id": res
        }
        }
    })
    expect(data.hits.hits[0]._source).toEqual({
        "id": res,
        "name": "spaces",
        "type": "uppercase",
        "value": 26
        }
    );
    })
}); Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode A basic testing flow for each business logic function can be simply described like this: insert data-> run tested function -> check outputs -> clear data -> repeat Data insertion/deletion can be improved by unifying them into helpers and using additional mooching libs. The elastic teardown is managed by lib itself. @shelf/jest-elasticsearch One more good convention to follow is to cover each function you are testing with describeblock so that later you can easily run a specific test with IDE helper without rerunning the whole suite: Resources Now you know how to test your Elasticsearch queries using jest jest-elasticsearch Also, you have a small blueprint with ready to use setup. repo Hope this article will help you set up and test your elastic project! Want to connect? Follow me on ! Twitter Also published [here.](https://Originally published here)

Using Jest to Mock Elasticsearch 

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Anthony Scaramucci On FTX Meltdown At Benzinga’s Future Of Crypto Conference

Anthony Scaramucci sobre FTX Meltdown en la conferencia Future of Crypto de Benzinga

Anthony Scaramucci sur FTX Meltdown à la conférence Future of Crypto de Benzinga

बेंज़िंगा के क्रिप्टो सम्मेलन के भविष्य में एफटीएक्स मेल्टडाउन पर एंथोनी स्कारामुची

Anthony Scaramucci が Benzinga の Future of Crypto Conference での FTX メルトダウンについて語る

Anthony Scaramucci sobre o colapso do FTX na conferência Future Of Crypto de Benzinga

Anthony Scaramucci về cuộc khủng hoảng FTX tại Hội nghị về tiền điện tử trong tương lai của Benzinga

Anthony Scaramucci 在 Benzinga 的加密货币未来会议上谈到 FTX 崩溃

The Jungle: Chapter XIX

Creating unique content can be a challenge for a lot of freelance writers. This can be attributed to the glut of content available online (which makes it difficult to create something completely unique), or it can be just due to a lack of skill and know-how. In this post, we’ll be looking at some steps and measures that you can take to create unique content for your clients. But before that, let’s actually go over some general stuff about content, its uses, and its importance in today’s age. Content, its Uses, and Importance Nowadays, we find ourselves in the ‘era of the internet’; an epoch that is characterized by the overriding adoption of digital means and measures for the attainment of various goals and objectives. Okay, that was needlessly sophisticated. Let’s start over. Basically, nowadays, all types of people utilize the internet for their needs and requirements. Doing this, as compared to other conventional means, is a lot easier and quicker. Due to this, a vast segment of the world population is now attached to the internet, some way or the other. And the same goes for brands and businesses. Since the majority of people – almost 62% of the entire world populace – are internet users, it only made sense for businesses to take to the online realm as well. The purpose of all this long-drawn discussion about the internet and whatnot is to just point at the fact that since it has become a norm for brands and businesses to create and cultivate an online presence, the need for written content and content writers has increased exponentially. How exactly, you may ask? Let’s enumerate a couple of common scenarios and situations where written content is needed. Suppose a brand creates a website. After creating a website, it needs to publish content on the various service pages, the about page, the contact page, and so on. So, what does it do? It gets in touch with content writers to get written content for its website. Let’s look at another example. Suppose a business creates a website. After creating the website, it wants to optimize it for the search engines to get more traffic. So, what does a website need for SEO? In both on-page and off-page SEO, written content is a necessary and vital element. Due to this, the business will once again need to get in touch with content writers to get written content. These were a couple of examples, but I think we’ve made our point. In a nutshell, written content plays a role in a lot of different facets of the online world. Whether it’s for marketing, SEO, or any type of general descriptive purpose, content is an important element. Importance of Unique Content When content has to be used by online businesses and brands for their various endeavors, it has to be unique. If a website utilizes any type of content that has been previously used elsewhere, it can just draw a penalty to itself from the search engine. In other words, if the content used or published by a website lacks uniqueness, it can, far from bringing any sort of benefit, harm it instead. Plagiarism and Its Disadvantages When any piece of content has plagiarism in it, it ceases to be unique. Plagiarism is basically the practice of copying existing content and then utilizing it without giving due credit to the source. There are various types of plagiarism, but we won’t go into all of them right now. Suffice it to understand that plagiarism, in whatever form it may be, is very harmful to a website. It can get them in line for a penalty from the search engines. Search engine penalties can have varying consequences, depending on the severity of the plagiarism committed. A penalty can reduce the ranking of a website for a certain keyword, and if the offense is severe enough, it can remove it from the listing altogether. But, apart from penalties, plagiarism can also have an adverse effect on the reputation and integrity of the website. If the website of a particular business gets popular for plagiarizing content, it can become a life-long blemish for them. How to Produce Unique Content? Now that we’re done looking at some of the basic concepts about content, plagiarism, and whatnot, let’s move on to actually discuss some ways in which you can create unique content. Do Thorough Research The first thing that you have to do in order to create unique content is to do proper research. Here’s the thing, writers. If you don’t have proper knowledge and know-how about a certain topic, you can’t really explain it in your own way. You’ll start using the same type of phrases, terms, and words as other websites dealing with the same topic. This can lead you to commit some unintentional plagiarism. So, before you start writing, you should open up a whole bunch of different sources related to the topic that you want to write on. Then, you should study each source and try to understand the concept. Here, you should take care not to only do your research from one or two sources. This can also be a stepping-stone to accidental plagiarism since you can involuntarily use their words and sentences in your own content. Once you’ve studied the subject matter, you’ll be able to write about it in your style and using your own method. Create a Unique Title The title is pretty much a part of the overall content, so it makes sense to focus on a unique title when trying to write unique content. However, there’s a different reason why we’re mentioning it here. Basically, when you try and mooch off a title from an existing source, and then just add or delete a couple of words to make it ‘unique’, it won’t work out well for you. Since the title will be along the same lines as the existing one, you’ll unintentionally start to talk about the same type of things as the original source. Ehhh…that was a bit confusing. Let’s take an example to understand this. Suppose an online source had an article or a blog with the title ‘Best Backlit Keyboards for Typing in 2022’. Now, if you were to just copy it and make a few changes (like this: ‘Top Backlit Keyboards for Typists in 2022’), you would just start talking about the same things. Why? Because both topics are about backlit keyboards and typing. On the other hand, if you were to get a little creative, and make a title like ‘Best Backlit Mechanical Keyboards for Content Writers and Programmers’, you’d be able to talk about a whole lot of different things. You’d be able to talk about why content writers and programmers need good keyboards, how mechanical ones can be useful for them, etc. This can help you in finding plagiarism in your content. link Don’t Copy Content Structure During your research phase, you’re going to go through a lot of different sources such as blogs, papers, articles, and whatnot. After completing your research, when it comes to writing your own content, you should never copy the structure and layout of any pre-existing material on the same topic as yours. You could be thinking that “plagiarism is about copying content and using it. The structure is just an abstract element so what’s wrong in mimicking it?” And that is true to some extent. The content structure is an abstract element. But, if you end up copying the exact structure of an existing article or post on the same topic as yours, you can accidentally mimic them in the write-up as well. For example, suppose an article has a structure in which it starts with an introduction, then goes on to add a general heading before moving on to discuss the main subject, and then wrapping up with the conclusion. If you were to only copy the structure, i.e., the way the content is written, you could accidentally commit some plagiarism because you would also start with an introduction, add a general heading before moving on to discuss the main subject and then end with a conclusion. Get the point? Use Hyperlinks and Quotes to Your Benefit Oftentimes, writers are faced with situations where copying a source verbatim becomes inevitable. However, even when faced with such a need, you can still manage to keep your content unique and plagiarism-free. Here’s how. Suppose you want to cite a statistic or the results of a study posted on a particular website. In this sort of situation, you can simply hyperlink the particular fact or figure and mention the source as well. You can mention the source either before the hyperlinked fact/figure or you can do it after. Here’s an example: According to so-and-so website, X% of people eat sugar every day.
X% of people eat sugar every day, according to so-and-so website. In the example above, only a single statistic is mentioned. You can quote a couple of facts or figures at once if you want. The good thing about hyperlinking sources in this manner is that it actually helps to improve your reputation and integrity as a writer. However, if you don’t leave a link to the source and if you don’t acknowledge them in the preceding or the following text, it can count as plagiarism. It can damage your reputation and also get you in trouble with search engines. Make Use of Paraphrasing Paraphrasing is also a good technique that you can try when you find yourself in a situation that requires you to copy content verbatim from a source. However, unlike using quotes and hyperlinks, paraphrasing does not actually entail accrediting the original author in any way. While it can be good to quote the source even when you paraphrase some content, there’s no compulsion to do it, nor is there any consequence if you abstain. However, this applies if the paraphrasing is done thoroughly. Basically, if you copy some content and then just lightly reword it in such a way that it is easily comparable to the original, then in such a case, you will have to cite the source. If you don’t, you will face the consequences of plagiarism. On the other hand, if you paraphrase properly, i.e., in such a way that the content structure, words, and phrases all get properly rearranged and rewritten, then in such a case, it won’t be recognized as plagiarism even if you don’t cite the source. Want to paraphrase your content? Check here Cultivate and Use Your Own Styles This point is for you junior and rookie writers reading this. When you start off as a writer, it’s natural to mimic and copy the style of a particular author or source. That’s pretty much how everyone starts out. However, once you get sufficient know-how about how to write, you have to work on creating and cultivating your own writing style. You can make your writing styles distinct by using signature words and phrases, and also by adhering to a certain method of creating sentences. When you start using your own style in your write-ups, there will be a lesser chance for you to accidentally mimic someone using their crutch phrases and signature transitions words, etc. This will further mean that there will be a lesser chance for you to commit accidental plagiarism…and that is pretty much what your goal should be when creating unique content. Role of Plagiarism Checkers in Creating Unique Content The steps we mentioned above can be helpful in creating unique content, that’s for sure. However, plagiarism checkers also play a vital role in this process. You should get an idea about how important they are judging by the fact that we’re mentioning them here separately at the end. So, the thing to understand about plagiarism checkers is that while they can help in the process of writing unique content, they don’t actually create it themselves. As the name says, plagiarism ‘checkers’ are only used for checking purposes. However, that does not detract from their importance one bit. Without using plagiarism checkers, there’s no way for you to know whether your content is matching with an existing source or not.
There are literally billions of web pages online. You can’t really manually match and tally them all with your written content every time you finish writing a draft. That is where a plagiarism checker steps in. Even if you take all the steps that we’ve mentioned above, you will still have to check your content for plagiarism after you are done writing it. You may have, for example, accidentally copied content from a totally unrelated source that you may not even have thought about avoiding. So, to put it in a nutshell, we can say that plagiarism checkers play a vital role in the process of creating unique content since they enable you to check whether the content is unique or not in the first place. If, after checking your content using a tool, you find that there are certain portions of it that are being recognized as plagiarism, you can edit them or remove them altogether. Suffice it to understand that while the steps mentioned in the post above can be helpful for avoiding plagiarism during the writing phase, plagiarism checkers can be helpful in removing plagiarism after it. How to Choose the Right Plagiarism Checker? While we are lauding so much praise on plagiarism checkers and how they can be useful, etc., we have to also stress the fact that not all plagiarism checkers are worth using. There are some plagiarism checkers available online that can completely ignore whole sentences that are copied from another source. On the other hand, there are also some plagiarism checkers available online that go the other way, and start detecting two-word or three-word phrases as plagiarism. So, since there are such tools in existence, you have to be a little careful when picking one for your use. Here are some things that you can do to see whether or not your contemplated tool is worth using: Give it a couple of test runs. Try copying content directly from a source and see if the tool detects it. See what other users have to say about it on platforms like Capterra, etc. See the data usage policy to make sure that your entered content is not used in any way by the tool. See if it is available for free or not. Unless you have a regular need to use them, investing in paid plagiarism checkers isn’t a wise choice. Conclusion And that’s pretty much it. Creating unique content used to be simple and easy. But nowadays, extra care has to be taken owing to the fact that there is just so much content available online. It’s like walking in a minefield. You can accidentally copy a bunch of sources, and it can end up hurting your credibility. However, by following the steps given in the post above, you’ll be able to significantly decrease the chances for that to happen.

How to Write Unique Content: A Detailed Guide

I believe that churches, social organizations or funds should have every right to be represented in global networks unlike fake startups. I mean enough mooching money from ICO/SCO you fools and start developing useful DApps! You can create the most part of MVP in 1–2 weeks if you understand the business model and have a team of professionals. Just now I’m going to prove it and we will develop a real DApp together — CryptoChurch. Blockchain is a commodity. If you agree, then we can start. First off, we need to select the main technology. After a year of deep analytics, I’ve come to select Ethereum as a core architecture. There are only two reasons for that: It’s very easy for developers since the tools have already been developed. A lot of worshipers have collected free Ethereum from praying to cryptogods from their home PC. Simple smart contact What is the most important thing for CryptoChurch? …. …. …. I can’t guess your thoughts, but I can say …. Donations! We are going to create a simple smart contract with basic functionality to collect donations. Use Google Chrome to enter http://remix.ethereum.org/ Delete a draft with an old code and copy text from the example (you can find code at the end of the article) So, line 1 is the version of the compiler. On the Internet, you can usually find e ^0.4.24, but we follow the ConsenSys Should we lock pragma? : Further, in the third line, we create a smart contract of the church, in which two basic functions are realized: constructor() — function that is executed automatically when a contract is created and determines the person who will manage it. The person who has built the church, he rules, we call this position “the priest.” function for transferring donations (keyword payable permits translations), which must be at least a given amount. gatherDonation — Role allocation. Making contract more complex We understand that different activities are implied by CryptoChruch, and it is necessary to limit permissions. We add special function for marking actions allowed only for the priest: St() Next, we create function for withdrawing funds from the CryptoChruch smart contract directly to the priest account: So what else are we missing? Let’s find out who donated! This is another new feature that displays a list of address-donors: Preparation for smart contracts launch Then we need to launch smart contracts in a test network. Remember that we use Chrome. Go to to install MetaMask plugin. Google https://metamask.io MetaMask is the best liaison with the Ethereum world. It proactively wedges into the web browser allowing to interact with Ethereum network by launching Ethereum DApps without full-fledged node. The plugin also activates the keystore, which allows to conduct comprehensive transactions without understanding what a private key is. blockchain Download, install and log in to your account. Save the mnemonics phrase in case you need to restore the access and keys. In the upper menu select the network you are going to work with — “Rinkeby Test Network.” If the parish is wealthy, go to Main Ethereum Network.” Look closer, zero balance on account. So what’s to be done? Since it’s a test network, you can get a free refill. Go to . You can see that you need to complete a simple task. Copy your account address from Metamask plugin and paste into the post field, for example, Google+ ( , fortunately this social network died long time ago. Copy the link to faucet form and choose — what the hell — as much as 3 days. https://faucet.rinkeby.io/ https://plus.google.com) Here is how it looked for me: Now wait until the virtual currency hits your account wishing that a test network is in no way different from the real Ethereum, meaning 18.75 Ether is nearly … $$$$$ Look, our friend Google has recently added a cryptocurrency calculator to its engine. Enter into the search field — 18.75 ETH to USD. Launching contract in the Network Let’s get back to the editor: Look through the Contract carefully not to miss any critical (red) mistake. http://remix.ethereum.org. Choose the bookmark on the right — Run, Environment option and select “Injected Web Rinkeby” using mouse — this is an active MetaMask account. Make sure your account has pulled in from MetaMask with non-zero balance by checking Account field. Click on Deploy button, MetaMask window will pop up showing transaction details for contract creation. Click on the green Submit button and confirm transaction. In the open MetaMask choose the last transaction for “SEND” section and go to transaction record on etherscan.io. Use my link to as an example. If you were able to see Success as in the screenshot below — Congrats, your CryptoChurch just went live! etherscan Then go to editor and train to donate money to make sure gatherDonation() function works. remix For training purposes, you can transfer 0.11 ether to my contact — thus I’ll know that you’ve read my article. Reminder — this is a test network. 0xa5B862D4BEb6924E8eEb0a6e0676D5bfDec7c366 Don’t forget that all transactions require MetaMask confirmation. Now, it’s all set up and you can launch the CryptoChurch. Pseudo-anonymous transactions It’s still too early to reveal — there is one very important aspect to be addressed. Probably, the worshiper will try to transfer the money directly to the smart contract address instead of donating (as in bringing them straight to the church). The current configuration won’t let that happen. As an exception, you can use the address. priest What if someone wants to donate anonymously, without making the lists? Or what is a person wants to transfer a small amount which can’t get through the limits of donation collection? Then you need add a special function that will allow one to transfer directly to the smart contract. Final editing, we check the smart contract, hit Deploy and confirm the operation in the popup MetaMask window. Go to MetaMask, SEND section, last operation — on the website with the last transaction log for smart contract creation. Here is how it looks for me: Then we go the Contract and look for the desirable“Success” word. You can have a look at my example here. Have you managed to launch? If so, congrats on opening your СryptoChurch! Transparency of transactions We’re talking about Blockchain, right? It means that everything should be transparent! Upload your contract’s text to etherscan in Code section where the worshipers can see how the contract works and check the source code. I won’t go into detail because I believe that you can make it. See my source code as an example — you’ll need to achieve a green tick Code and publicly accessible contract’s source code. Remember that it’s a public Blockchain, which means that a savvy worshiper can see the transaction details and check the balance of CryptoChurch anytime. Wrapping up CryptoChurch is a simple in its creation and maintenance tool. The funds will be transferred to the Church’s account and not that of a priest. The transactions are full transparent and the smart contract is available for monitoring. The worshipers can donate money that come from mining or cryptotrading. Good luck to all and stay in a good mood! Be in touch and visit website. Digital Data Science and Analytics Agency If you enjoyed my article, feel free to like, comment and share. Thank you!

Building a Crypto Church From Scratch in Fifteen Minutes. Step-by-Step Instruction

It’s no secret that the music industry is a tough nut to crack. , , and a host of other music industry startups all struggle to reach profitability despite their vast consumer networks. Spotify has a staggering to its service, and yet it still has a . For every dollar of revenue it makes on its subscription fees, it has to pay 79% of that to record labels (and other assorted costs). This is in large part due to the price setting power of music suppliers. Compared to other aggregators Spotify has to pay far more for its content and has much less negotiating power. Netflix is at a cost of revenue of only ~66% and Zillow has been able to strong-arm its suppliers (Multiple Listing Services) into submission because of their fragmented nature. Spotify, on the other hand, takes virtually all of its supply from only 3 firms; Warner, Sony, and Universal. These firms have huge negotiating power and only recently have generously re-signed their contracts with Spotify to reduce its costs. This type of generosity cannot be relied on forever, however, and Spotify Soundcloud 70 million subscribers cost of revenue of 79% eventually Spotify will have to revolt if it wants to see profitability. A Brief Primer on Internet Aggregation Markets To understand the position that Spotify is currently in it will help to look at the general trajectory many similar markets have followed over the course of the internet boom. Over time the internet breaks down traditional barriers to competition by democratizing key business processes. Over time markets disrupted by the internet tend towards perfect competition. This does not mean that a market will touch every stepping stone but that rent-seeking behavior becomes more difficult to defend. The travel industry and AirBNB show a good example of this. The travel lodging industry was in a phase of monopolistic competition for decades. Ultimately what AirBNB did was to democratize the supply power of these hotels and unlock vast amounts of wasted value. While this industry is not quite in perfect competition the rise of AirBNB significantly moved the industry to the right of the chart. The music industry is currently in an oligopolistic phase because its source of pricing power has not yet become decentralized. Where AirBNB disrupted the pricing power of traditional hotels by dumping huge amounts of supply onto the market, Spotify will have to find a way to democratize the core functions of record labels, or simply become one themselves. The Time is Now The reason these talks broke down is that Spotify thought it may negatively impact its IPO listing by angering the record labels. Ultimately it seems that Spotify timed this perfectly. They recently negotiated a deal to reduce their costs, and are planning on completing their listing in 2018. This financial positioning gives Spotify the leeway to start to make a run at real profitability. There are a number of ways they could go about this: Spotify interestingly enough had previously been in talks to acquire SoundCloud near the end of 2016. — Netflix is competing with content producers directly by developing its own shows. Spotify could take this approach by essentially creating its own record label. Frankly I don’t know if this is possible. Record labels are protected in the same way insurance companies are, risk pooling. Record labels sign artists up front and pay them significant amounts of money for rights to future profits, which is why every deal is risky. This fact makes it quite difficult to simply ‘break into’ the record label market, though Spotify’s vertical integration may be the final piece of the puzzle. Copy Netflix — Spotify has discussed simply branching out into other, more profitable forms of content distribution such as podcasts and audio books. This would leverage Spotify’s huge user base successfully, but also has limited scope. If Spotify were to break even on all of its music distribution it would be a massive lost opportunity and ultimately signify a surrender to the record labels. I think this is the most likely possibility, because as of yet we have seen little to no bold strategic positioning by Spotify. Diversify — This is my favorite of the possibilities if for no other reason than how audacious it is. Bear with me because it may seem a bit farfetched, but realistically it is the only way I see Spotify ever skimming an ounce of sustainable profit from the music industry. To truly achieve profitability Spotify has no choice but to get rid of the record labels. As mentioned before becoming a record label is unlikely, so I instead propose an AirBNB-esque democratization of the music industry. Acquire SoundCloud Soundcloud and the Democratization of Record Labels Soundcloud is in a unique position in the music industry. Its value proposition really doesn’t have anything to do with aggregation like Netflix or Spotify, instead it seems to be this odd oasis of free music. This has been costly to Soundcloud, and it seems they have no route to major profitability alone. They do however possess a significantly undervalued network effect that has yet to be leveraged, musicians. The insight here is that musicians are far more powerful than content creators on other networks. Netflix can replicate cool TV shows by making their own. You can’t engineer musicians in the same way (or at least it has yet to be done). Record labels don’t make their own content, they mooch content created by musicians and provide ancillary services that musicians don’t know how to perform themselves. With this network of music creators that Soundcloud has, they are only one step away from creating their own AirBNB, This is the key to unlocking decentralization of the music industry that Spotify has been looking for. all they need is to add record label professionals to the platform. If Soundcloud were to create a network of support professionals to allow individual contracts to be inked between service providers and musicians directly, this would make life easier for everyone. Low overhead in contracts, more individual service provider freedom to choose acts they personally enjoy, and fewer restrictions on artists in the form of creative control. Unfortunately this may have the added side effect of reducing negotiating power of musicians, which is why it’s a good thing that Spotify has competition in Apple Music. Conclusion The fact of the matter here is that Spotify is one of the least profitable aggregators of the new internet age. Like all of its predecessors (Zillow, Netflix, Hulu, Facebook, etc.) it will eventually have to make the move into producing its own content or be destined to a life of mediocrity. I think the best way of doing that is to acquire Soundcloud and upend the record label business, but a far safer solution would be to simply diversify their content. We will see which pill Spotify ultimately decides to swallow.

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