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Unsupervised Investments (II): A Guide to AI Accelerators and Incubators

The way to understand the way our mind works, the way society works, and that of the natural universe may be evolution. While pondering this I, as usual, came across a larger and more difficult question: What is purpose and where might it come from? Does purpose need a source? First, let me backtrack. We accept that evolution is the best description for the multitude of living species and their different attributes. Life itself seems to be a result of evolution, the change from non-living matter to cells that reproduce comes through the process of interaction – the blending of information, randomness (random mutation), and a best fit, or actually just fit to external surroundings. Actually, the concept of internal, inside the organism or your body, and the outside world may be far more blurred than we usually imagine. In what you call your body there are millions of bacteria many of which are necessary to your bodily functions. Although separate organisms they contribute to the whole of you, your organism. You are an amalgam. Your skin is porous letting in UV rays, chemicals (vitamin E crème for instance is designed to penetrate the skin) and sound and radiation waves pass through us as does electricity changing us in the process. This sideline just helps to illustrate that we like linear boxes although the universe is not boxed or linear. My idea sprouted wings while reading “Time Reborn” by physicist Lee Smolin. He posits that the rules of the universe, the physical laws of quantum and Newtonian physics, are a “best fit” group of rules like the DNA in an animal instructing it how to survive in its environment. They are not perfect but they are very close, and they seem to apply pretty much universally. There are infinite possibilities. But why is the speed of light a constant at 299,792,458 m/s?  Why these laws?  He proposes that these laws are the best fit for just this universe and they evolved with this universe in a coupling. These rules are still evolving. He sees black holes as the place where new laws are made and tested. Only those that fit the universe around them would survive. Recently I read an interview with acclaimed neurologist Gerald Edelman in NPQ and his description of the way our brain works and it is very similar to what I have previously written about on JeS in the article How to Create a Brain (Artificial Intelligence). Our brain finds the best fit or even any fit decisions or actions through a process of trial and error combined with randomness and imagination. Trial and error is essentially a very quick form of evolution. We test each new breed against current circumstances (often imagined) and those that don’t fit are “killed” off and those that do “survive” are tested in the real world and if successful stored for later use. But here I discovered the problem. We have a purpose. We are trying to achieve a goal. If we are trying to find the nearest Bunnings we can test different routes and modes of transport in our imagination first, and then test them in real life to fit the purposes of; Buying a hammer,
Speed of acquisition
Minimal cost. Our brain has purpose and so it creates new ideas and procedures – new information. It evolves making new connections between neurons. Societies and cultures do likewise; being an extension of the beings in them; they test ideas, adapt -making changes – then enforce rules when they have found the best fit. I have talked before about how rigid rules and hierarchies can actually stifle this evolutionary progression in societies. Cultures and societies can and do collapse – the death of a species – they can also spread memes like genes which hold the information for future use. But both animals and societies (groups of animals) have purpose.  In simple life forms the reproduction of the species is the purpose that drives everything. In simple cultures (groups) it is also the maintaining of the individuals to reproductive age to spread the species. But what is the purpose of the universe? What could the intrinsic purpose of a rock be?\ We, of course, have many purposes that are not directly related to the extension or maintenance of the entire species instead many relate solely to a good and happy life. Many people don’t breed but still have purpose. Humans just like many animals have dopamine receptors which give us pleasure from certain activities, and stress responses that cause us discomfort from bad experiences. Many of our evolutionary choice processes are driven by the desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. In a grander sense, we can invent purposes for ourselves. Be it making the world a better place or being the best footballer ever. Purpose seems to be a fluid thing, one that bends and maybe even forms from the environment and society in which we live. It may not need a linear root at all. Some people commit suicide and there is some speculation that whales may beach themselves as a form of suicide. That goes against the central purpose to progress the species. And, most importantly, many people never have children but still have purpose. Our need for a purpose to evolution is the way we try to interpret and understand the world. We want linear connections; we want a cause and effect. But there can be no ultimate cause, for nothing could cause it. Linear lines are endless. I am trying to get away from this way of thinking in this article about evolution being the way to comprehend the universe. However, there may be a way for our linear mind to understand such a concept. Perhaps the universe works in the same way as our brain. It does not need an intrinsic purpose from which all sub-purposes branch. Each micro-part, each atom, each string, and each energy field constantly adapts to the other fields and particles around it, and to the larger form, planets, stars, and gravity. An inter-loop of 4 (and possibly more) dimensional informational transfers; small to large, group and field to group, and field is all in constant flow. Constantly adapting to itself. It just is, and will, continue to be but in a constantly changing and interactive way. In the same way, we refer to the sun rising today as being a sunrise as we called yesterday’s, even though the temperature is different, the hue more magenta, and our mood less happy. The purpose (if required) is to form in the micro-interaction and randomness of evolution. Thus creating a larger organismic form, and then feeding back to itself.  We can box these things to absolutes that never existed. I would like to make one more comment about how physics may be able to help us grasp the non-linear. The theory of the Higgs Boson – which has been supported by experiments in the Large Hadron Collider –  that a Higgs Boson particle does imbalance the field of energy which causes energy to become matter. Imbalance; which we mean to be a purpose away from its desired state. This imbalance is pulling to a purpose, pulling to nothing, pulling to balance and inactivity, to chaos to infinity, which is the purpose of the universe. The matter comes from imbalance the in-between nothing and infinity, the imperfection of Plato’s forms as everything pulls toward perfect nothingness. So here we have the purpose of the universe and all comes from its inability to achieve it. As it is with us. This is just a prelude to something larger for there are too many vague areas for a thorough argument. Please think and write a comment if you want to help. This was first published a long time ago (2014) on my website JeSaurai.net which is over 20 years old now. The way to understand the way our mind works, the way society works, and that of the natural universe may be evolution. While pondering this I, as usual, came across a larger and more difficult question: What is purpose and where might it come from? Does purpose need a source? First, let me backtrack. We accept that evolution is the best description for the multitude of living species and their different attributes. Life itself seems to be a result of evolution, the change from non-living matter to cells that reproduce comes through the process of interaction – the blending of information, randomness (random mutation), and a best fit, or actually just fit to external surroundings. Actually, the concept of internal, inside the organism or your body, and the outside world may be far more blurred than we usually imagine. In what you call your body there are millions of bacteria many of which are necessary to your bodily functions. Although separate organisms they contribute to the whole of you, your organism. You are an amalgam. Your skin is porous letting in UV rays, chemicals (vitamin E crème for instance is designed to penetrate the skin) and sound and radiation waves pass through us as does electricity changing us in the process. This sideline just helps to illustrate that we like linear boxes although the universe is not boxed or linear. My idea sprouted wings while reading “Time Reborn” by physicist Lee Smolin. He posits that the rules of the universe, the physical laws of quantum and Newtonian physics, are a “best fit” group of rules like the DNA in an animal instructing it how to survive in its environment. They are not perfect but they are very close, and they seem to apply pretty much universally. There are infinite possibilities. But why is the speed of light a constant at 299,792,458 m/s?  Why these laws?  He proposes that these laws are the best fit for just this universe and they evolved with this universe in a coupling. These rules are still evolving. He sees black holes as the place where new laws are made and tested. Only those that fit the universe around them would survive. Recently I read an interview with acclaimed neurologist Gerald Edelman in NPQ and his description of the way our brain works and it is very similar to what I have previously written about on JeS in the article How to Create a Brain (Artificial Intelligence) . Our brain finds the best fit or even any fit decisions or actions through a process of trial and error combined with randomness and imagination. Trial and error is essentially a very quick form of evolution. We test each new breed against current circumstances (often imagined) and those that don’t fit are “killed” off and those that do “survive” are tested in the real world and if successful stored for later use. But here I discovered the problem. We have a purpose. We are trying to achieve a goal. If we are trying to find the nearest Bunnings we can test different routes and modes of transport in our imagination first, and then test them in real life to fit the purposes of; Gerald Edelman in NPQ Create a Brain (Artificial Intelligence) Buying a hammer, Speed of acquisition Minimal cost. Buying a hammer, Speed of acquisition Minimal cost. Our brain has purpose and so it creates new ideas and procedures – new information. It evolves making new connections between neurons. Societies and cultures do likewise; being an extension of the beings in them; they test ideas, adapt -making changes – then enforce rules when they have found the best fit. I have talked before about how rigid rules and hierarchies can actually stifle this evolutionary progression in societies. Cultures and societies can and do collapse – the death of a species – they can also spread memes like genes which hold the information for future use. can actually stifle But both animals and societies (groups of animals) have purpose.  In simple life forms the reproduction of the species is the purpose that drives everything. In simple cultures (groups) it is also the maintaining of the individuals to reproductive age to spread the species. But what is the purpose of the universe? What could the intrinsic purpose of a rock be?\ We, of course, have many purposes that are not directly related to the extension or maintenance of the entire species instead many relate solely to a good and happy life. Many people don’t breed but still have purpose. Humans just like many animals have dopamine receptors which give us pleasure from certain activities, and stress responses that cause us discomfort from bad experiences. Many of our evolutionary choice processes are driven by the desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. In a grander sense, we can invent purposes for ourselves. Be it making the world a better place or being the best footballer ever. Purpose seems to be a fluid thing, one that bends and maybe even forms from the environment and society in which we live. It may not need a linear root at all. Some people commit suicide and there is some speculation that whales may beach themselves as a form of suicide. That goes against the central purpose to progress the species. And, most importantly, many people never have children but still have purpose. Our need for a purpose to evolution is the way we try to interpret and understand the world. We want linear connections; we want a cause and effect. But there can be no ultimate cause, for nothing could cause it. Linear lines are endless. I am trying to get away from this way of thinking in this article about evolution being the way to comprehend the universe. However, there may be a way for our linear mind to understand such a concept. Perhaps the universe works in the same way as our brain. It does not need an intrinsic purpose from which all sub-purposes branch. Each micro-part, each atom, each string, and each energy field constantly adapts to the other fields and particles around it, and to the larger form, planets, stars, and gravity. An inter-loop of 4 (and possibly more) dimensional informational transfers; small to large, group and field to group, and field is all in constant flow. Constantly adapting to itself. It just is, and will, continue to be but in a constantly changing and interactive way. In the same way, we refer to the sun rising today as being a sunrise as we called yesterday’s, even though the temperature is different, the hue more magenta, and our mood less happy. The purpose (if required) is to form in the micro-interaction and randomness of evolution. Thus creating a larger organismic form, and then feeding back to itself.  We can box these things to absolutes that never existed. I would like to make one more comment about how physics may be able to help us grasp the non-linear. The theory of the Higgs Boson – which has been supported by experiments in the Large Hadron Collider –  that a Higgs Boson particle does imbalance the field of energy which causes energy to become matter. Imbalance; which we mean to be a purpose away from its desired state. This imbalance is pulling to a purpose, pulling to nothing, pulling to balance and inactivity, to chaos to infinity, which is the purpose of the universe. The matter comes from imbalance the in-between nothing and infinity, the imperfection of Plato’s forms as everything pulls toward perfect nothingness. So here we have the purpose of the universe and all comes from its inability to achieve it. As it is with us. This is just a prelude to something larger for there are too many vague areas for a thorough argument. Please think and write a comment if you want to help. This was first published a long time ago (2014) on my website JeSaurai.net which is over 20 years old now. This was first published a long time ago (2014) on my website JeSaurai.net which is over 20 years old now.

The Quest for Purpose: Evolutionary Perspectives on Mind and Universe

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography CHAPTER 8 - BLACK HOLE ISLANDS IN MULTI-EVENT HORIZON SPACE-TIMES 8.1 Introduction and Motivation The information paradox of black holes has been investigated for black holes that are asymptotically flat, however the most recent observation indicates that our universe is currently in an accelerated phase. Because of this, it is only natural to wonder how the presence of a positive value for the cosmological constant Λ influences the information paradox problem. The information paradox of a stationary black hole with a positive cosmological constant Λ or the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole spacetime is something that attracted our attention. The information paradox of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black holes is important due to the fact that these black holes originated during the early inflationary phase of our universe (for example, [210–213]). It additionally offers a fantastic toy model for the global framework of isolated black holes of our universe, which is quite useful while keeping in mind the current period of accelerated expansion. Additionally, similar to the situation with black holes, there are regions of de Sitter space that are causally separated from one another. Therefore, an observer is only able to access the portions of the cosmos that are constrained by their own horizon. There are two event horizons associated with the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole: the cosmological event horizon (CEH) and the black hole event horizon (BEH). The global causal border of the de Sitter spacetimes has been provided by the cosmological event horizon. In comparison to Λ ≤ 0 single horizon spacetime, the thermodynamics of these event horizons are distinct [214–216]. Gibbons-Hawking radiation is emitted and absorbed by cosmological event horizon similar to the Hawking radiation of black holes. Comparatively speaking, the entropy creation of the cosmic horizon is an observer-dependent characteristic, in contrast to the entropy generation of the black hole. It is caused by people’s lack of knowledge regarding the things that exist beyond the cosmological horizon. In order to obtain the Page curve of the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole, we make use of the island concept. In the case of models that are not holographic, we are able to use the s-wave approximation for studying black holes in higher dimensions. Because we neglect the angular component of the metric when performing the s-wave approximation, we are left with a CFT metric that only has two dimensions. Because of this, we are able to compute the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation using the formula for 2D CFT that is provided in [192, 193]. The entanglement entropy and complexity have been studied in [217–219] in the context of de-Sitter space. The purpose of this work was to investigate the information paradox and its resolution of black holes with multiple horizons. We considered the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole with two horizons and obtained the Page curves for the black hole and the de-Sitter patches by placing thermally opaque membranes on the two sides of the region of study. The “effect of temperature” on the Page curves and the scrambling time is something else that would be of interest to us. In this chapter, we will discuss the Page curve of black hole patch only. 8.2 Preliminary In this section, we will discuss the basics of Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole, the concept of thermal opaque membrane and the effect of gravity near the aforementioned membrane in 8.2.1, 8.2.2, and 8.2.3 respectively. 8.2.1 Schwarzschild de-Sitter Black Hole The Schwarzschild de-Sitter (SdS) metric has the following form in spherical polar coordinates: and, where the Kruskal coordinates are: Therefore (8.7) and (8.8) do not have any coordinate singularities at r = rH and r = rC. It is not possible to remove the coordinate singularities of both event horizons simultaneously. Hence, we have to study the black hole patch by freezing the de-Sitter patch using thermal opaque membrane and vice-versa. 8.2.2 Thermal Opaque Membranes in SdS Space-Time The fact that the effective potential term disappears at both horizons and remains positive in between them is something that stands out as an interesting feature of the Schrödingerlike equation that was given before. Therefore, this bell-shaped potential acts as a barrier between the event horizons of the black hole and de-Sitter space. To be able to depict it in Penrose diagram of the extended Schwarzschild de-Sitter space-time, we will use (8.9) to describe the Kruskal timelike and spacelike coordinates as follows: implying Therefore, the line r =constant is a hyperbola linking i ±, and it is possible to draw it with regard to any of the Kruskal coordinates listed above. This appears in the Penrose diagram of the maximally extended SdS space-time. When we have put this hyperbola or the thermal opaque membrane, modes on each side of wall will be unable to pass through it and will continue to exist in their respective regions. A natural manifestation of this effective potential could be possible with the thermally opaque membrane. 8.2.3 Bulk Gravitational Effect Near Thermal Opaque Membranes In the context of this discussion, we are interested in the bulk gravitational influence on thermally opaque membranes. Using the island formula, the authors of [229, 230] studied the information paradox of pure de-Sitter space, evaporating and eternal black holes in the weak gravity domain. These setups do not include an exterior bath and the authors included an anchor curve that produces both an interior and an exterior. The island formula can be applied despite the fact that gravity is extremely weak on the exterior region. We suggest that we may think of an “anchor curve” going through the locations b ± 1,2 within our setup also where we have specified the boundaries of radiation regions in Figs. 8.1 and 8.2. Our justification is based on [229,230]. The interior and exterior in our setup are marked by these “anchor curves”. The “thermal opaque membrane” is being able of blocking the radiation coming from the region, that is not relevant to our research in any way. Therefore, the applicability of the island formula to our situation can only be considered notional at this point. The information paradox that arises from black holes in multi-event horizon spacetime can be solved using this approach. Considering the membrane that was discussed before is located at a significant distance from the region affected by the black hole, it is reasonable to suppose that the gravitational effects around these membranes is insufficiently strong. As a result, 2 CFT formulas can be utilized to determine the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation. We have discussed another approach to get the Page curve of Schwarzschild deSitter black hole in chapter 9 using wedge holography. D 8.3 Black Hole Islands in Schwarzschild de-Sitter Black Hole The conformal factor and Kruskal coordinates, both of which exist in (8.13), are defined as follows: It has been calculated that thermal entropy of the black hole is: 8.3.1 No Island Phase In this case, the region of interest for the black hole patch is the area that is completely encompassed by the thermally opaque membrane on both sides in the C and L domains. Without island surface, we were able to calculate the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation by utilizing the two-dimensional CFT formula that is given below [192, 193]: By utilizing (8.14), (8.5) and (8.17), we are able to simplify the equation (8.16). The form in its refined version is written as follows: The above equation has a significant physical meaning that it predicts that there is going to be a limitless quantity of Hawking radiation due to its linear time dependence upon entanglement entropy. This is in contrast to the fact that the Page curve of an eternal black hole predicts that there will only be a finite amount of Hawking radiation [132]. 8.3.2 Island Phase Taking into account the island surface as part of the setup, we will now calculate the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation. With inclusion of the island surface, the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation can be determined using the formula [192, 193], which is the matter component of the generalized entropy (5.11). Simplifying the expression for the matter contribution to the generalized entropy (5.11) from the radiation and island regions by utilizing (8.13), and (8.17). We obtained: As a result, the area of the boundary of the island surface and the matter component (8.22) are added together to generate the generalized entropy (5.11): The previous equation has the following solution: Using the above equation, we can determine that the island exists at the following location: Since the second component in the above equation has a negative sign in front of it, the island must be found inside the black hole horizon. We have showed in the Penrose diagram where islands are beyond the black hole event horizon, but we have found that it lies within the horizon itself. Substituting a1 from (8.28) into the definition of generalized entropy yields: Because of this, we may deduce that the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation remains constant when the island is incorporated into the black hole’s interior and is thus equal to twice the black hole’s thermal entropy (to leading order in G ). N Hawking radiation’s entanglement entropy without the island surface is equivalent to its entanglement entropy with the island surface present at a point in time called “Page time” as discussed in chapter 6. By equating (8.19) and (8.29), we obtained the Page time as given below: Page time: : The scrambling time is discussed in detail in chapter 6. For the black hole patch in Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole, scrambling time can be obtained using the following equation: Scrambling time From (8.5) and (8.28), the black hole patch’s scrambling time is therefore obtained as: 8.3.3 Page Curves The black hole patch Page curves are now obtained using the results of 8.3.1 and 8.3.2. (8.19) and (8.29) are the key equations. When we incorporate the island surface, the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation changes from a time-dependent function of entanglement entropy to a constant value of (2S BEH th ) (8.29). As a result, if we plot all of these contributions together, we get the Page curves of eternal black holes that are in accord with their unitary evolution. From the use of (8.2), (8.3), (8.19) and (8.29), we obtained the Page curves for black hole patch when Q = GN = 1, 3M √ Λ = 0.4 (green) and 3M √ Λ = 0.5 (magenta), shown in Fig. 8.3. As the mass of the black hole grows (as shown in 8.3), the Page curves move later in time. As a result, information recovered from large black holes takes much more time than that from smaller black holes. This finding can also be interpreted in terms of the temperature of black holes. Information can be recovered faster from black holes with higher temperatures than from those with lower temperatures because the black hole temperature is inversely related to black hole mass. To rephrase, island emerges earlier for the black holes with higher temperatures compared to the black holes with lower temperature. 8.4 Information Problem in SdS Black Hole as a Whole 8.5 Conclusion Using the Island concept, we have investigated the information paradox that is associated with the black hole patch in the Schwarzschild-deSitter black hole spacetime. On both sides of the black hole patch, we used thermally opaque membranes to create an isolation barrier between the black hole and the de-Sitter patches, and vice versa. We calculated the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation without and with the inclusion of an island surface and found that, as is typical, the entanglement entropy has a linear time dependency as long as there isn’t an island surface, but it turns into constant value when there is an island surface present. As a result, we are able to produce the Page curve in a manner that accords with the unitary evolution of the black holes. In this particular instance, the island can be found inside the horizon of the black hole, in contrast to the universal finding, which states that the island must be found outside the horizon of the black hole in the case of eternal black holes [197]. Our results are likewise comparable to those presented in [235], in which the researchers calculated the Page curve of a one-sided asymptotically flat black hole and found that the island lies within the horizon of the black hole. In addition, we have investigated the “effect of temperature” on the Page curves depicted by the black hole patch. We noticed that as the temperature of the black hole patch rose, a shift toward later times occurred in the Page curves. When compared to the black hole patch with the greater temperature, the one with the lower temperature will take a significantly longer amount of time to send the information to the observer. This suggests that the island of the black hole patch doesn’t make its appearance until much later for the black hole patch with the lower temperature, but the island makes its debut much sooner for the black hole patch with the higher temperature. We are able to begin the process of recovering the information that was flung into the black holes horizon as soon as an island surface enters into the picture [194, 195]. As a result, we get to the conclusion that the temperature of both event horizons has a role in determining the “dominance of islands” and the “scrambling time”. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times

This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Mathias-Felipe de-Lima-Santos, Faculty of Humanities, University of Amsterdam, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo; (2) Wilson Ceron, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Data and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusions Funding and References 3. Results Within our dataset, we were able to identify that approximately 1,504 out of the 3,912 Facebook groups displayed indications of coordinated activity. In other words, nearly 38.5% of these groups engaged in near-simultaneous sharing of identical content. The results also underscore that these orchestrated endeavors to manipulate public discourse span across various groups with political designations. The concern is heightened considering the nature of these posts, which comprise false or misleading information. The correlation between political Facebook groups and specific political behaviors introduces challenges to community cohesion and trust dynamics. A substantial body of literature addressing politics and social media explores the potential impact of echo chambers on individuals’ behaviors and how these might undermine efforts to uphold democratic values [76,77]. These online groups, in particular, exhibit indications of selective exposure, ideological segmentation, and political polarization. In our sample, they often adopt political labels [49]. This situation compounds existing issues by occupying a privileged position in scientific communication, thereby endangering public health and hindering efforts to manage the coronavirus pandemic. These Facebook groups serve as a tangible example of the intricate and interconnected nature of disinformation rhetoric, making empirical analysis in isolation a complex endeavor. For example, past research has highlighted the penetration of political disinformation narratives in the COVID-19 discourse during the first waves of pandemic in Brazil [21]. Our method successfully identified certain groups that exhibited stronger associations in disseminating these disinformation campaigns compared to others. As depicted in Figure 2, the Facebook groups highlighted in pink (a total of 117 nodes) form a particularly robust, as we called, “disinformation echo chamber.” Within it, inauthentic actors appear to be swiftly and repeatedly amplifying inappropriate content. This occurrence transpires at a notably higher frequency than in other groups, as evidenced by a clustering coefficient of 0.85. This shows the propensity of nodes within this network to cluster together, resulting in the formation of triangles and the manifestation of robust community structures within this network [78,79]. Additionally, the magenta nodes consist of 257 Facebook groups that showcase coordinated behavior. These groups also exhibit a high clustering coefficient (0.83), indicating the presence of a strong community structure. Lastly, the blue nodes represent 150 Facebook groups wherein multiple actors appear to make concerted efforts to enhance the visibility of specific content by employing coordinated activities. This community boasts a more robust structure than the magenta one (with a clustering coefficient of 0.84), albeit with a smaller number of nodes. Our analysis further revealed the existence of smaller communities that also display traces of activities aimed at artificially boosting the popularity of certain online content. Consequently, these Facebook groups, which likely emerge from orchestrated communication dynamics intending to disseminate messages to wide audiences, can be likened to “disinformation echo chambers.” Figure 3 underscores how the five most frequently shared narratives are extensively propagated among these Facebook groups. Housing potentially inauthentic actors, these online communities appear to amplify these problematic contents in an endeavor to elevate their visibility. This creates a causal connection that potentially links the spread of disinformation with the presence of online echo chambers [68]. In essence, when a network of groups within an online media environment engages in nearly simultaneous and recurrent sharing of disinformation narratives, the emergence of “disinformation echo chambers” becomes apparent.

Disinformation Echo-Chambers on Facebook: Results

Authors: (1) Maggie D. Bailey, Colorado School of Mines and National Renewable Energy Lab; (2) Douglas Nychka, Colorado School of Mines; (3) Manajit Sengupta, National Renewable Energy Lab; (4) Aron Habte, National Renewable Energy Lab; (5) Yu Xie, National Renewable Energy Lab; (6) Soutir Bandyopadhyay, Colorado School of Mines. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Data Bayesian Hierarchical Model (BHM) Solar Radiation Example Results Conclusion Appendix A: Simulation Study Appendix B: Regridding Coefficient Estimates References Appendix A: Simulation Study Here we implement a short simulation study which highlights some of the main differences, as well as similarities, between the naive method and the BHM. A1 Simulation Study Setup For this simulation study, we utilize the same grids from the original regional climate models. The full grids used in the original study are shown in the top row of Figure A1 with the RCM grids in grey and NSRDB grid over California in blue. The magenta points represent the subsetted area used in the regridding study, which will be also be used in this short simulation study. The bottom row of Figure A1 shows the grids used for this simulation study. The grey and blue dots show the “true" grids which include both the RCM and the NSRDB grid. The magenta points are again the simulation study area on the NSRDB grid. This will be explained more fully in the next section. We added a 2 degree buffer around the final study domain in magenta to avoid any edge effects in the simulation and regridding steps. A2 Simulation Study Steps The simulation study follows the steps: 2. Subset the grey points in the bottom row of Figure A1 to only the points that fall on the original RCM grid, in grey in the top row of Figure A1. The “true” NSRDB observations are generated by weighting each RCM grid in a linear model by location: 3. Regridding and model fitting is done for each method in the following way: (a) Conditionally simulate each day, or field, 100 times onto the NSRDB Study Area from the RCM grids. For each simulation, run the BHM as described in Section 3.2 and take 50 draws from the posterior distribution for each coefficient resulting in a posterior distribution for each location and for each coefficient. Bayesian Regridding: (b) Regrid once from the RCM grid to the NSRDB grid using Kriging. Then estimate a linear model for each location across the 100 days, or fields. Naive Regridding: 4. Compare the coefficient estimates and standard errors of the coefficients from the naive regridding and the BHM regridding method. A3 True Coefficients In step 2, the true response, representing the observations from the NSRDB, are generated by weighting each RCM at each location in the study area across all 100 days. These coefficients are set by taking the average βˆ from the BHM in the original manuscript study. The true values for the intercept and each RCM at each location are shown in Figure A2. The weights correspond to the weights estimated for the CanRCM4, CRCM5-UQAM and WRF. The WRF had the highest weight between the three RCMs in the original study. A4 Results The raw difference relative to the RMSE between the estimated βˆ from the linear model and mean of the posterior distribution for the BHM are shown in Figure A3. Generally, relative to the overall variation of the error, the difference between the true and estimate coefficients is smaller for the BHM and higher for the naive method. This indicates that the regridding uncertainty decreases the raw error in the estimated weights. We also see that for the largest weight (RCM3) the BHM slightly underestimates β3 but the naive method sees larger errors. In general we can say that the bias between the estimates from the BHM is lower than that of the naive regridding method. We can also look that raw error without normalizing by the RMSE, seen in Figure A3. This figure shows similar errors between the two methods compared to the true coefficients. The exception is seen in the coefficient estimate for RCM3, which is slightly overestimated by the BHM when considering the raw difference compared to the RCM, which slightly underestimates or is closer to the true coefficient. One interesting finding is that the coefficient standard error is larger for the posterior distribution of the BHM estimates than it is for the naive coefficient estimates. This is seen in Figure A4, where the top row shows the standard error for the naive regridding coefficient estimates and the bottom row shows the posterior standard deviations of the BHM estimates. The coefficient standard error for the BHM estimates is on average 46% larger than it is for the naive method. This signifies that incorporating the regridding uncertainty results in a slightly wider range of potential weights for the RCMs in predicting the observed values. However, the difference in the standard error is not large and because the posterior mean of the BHM coefficient estimates and the naive regridding estimates are very similar, this result may not have much of an effect in this application. A5 Simulation Study Conclusions This simulation study highlights some important differences between the naive regridding and BHM regridding methods. In particular, the biases between the true coefficients (weights) and the estimated weights is smaller relative to the error variance for the BHM and larger for the naive method. This indicates that when regridding uncertainty is taken into account, the BHM is more precise in estimating the RCM weights. This finding is further emphasized in the standard error of the coefficients for the two methods. This value is lower for the BHM than it is in the naive method, though the difference in standard error between the two methods is small. Overall we can conclude that taking regridding uncertainty into account results in more precise estimates for model weights when predicting observed values based on climate model output. This precision provides increased understanding in which climate model may have higher importance in predicting observed outcomes and, therefore, future projections for solar radiation. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

A Simulation Study on Regridding Uncertainty for Statistical Downscaling of Solar Radiation

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Any views expressed in the below are the personal views of the author and should not form the basis for making investment decisions, nor be construed as a recommendation or advice to engage in investment transactions. In the dark ages before TikTok and Instagram entertained us with duck lips and alphabet luxury brands wearing peacocks, car rides used to be very boring – at least for me. I got car sick when reading, so my many five-to-six hour journeys between Buffalo, New York and Detroit, Michigan were bone-crushingly boring. I listened to a lot of banal radio. One particular show I remember was a cigar aficionado broadcast hosted by Cigar Dave. I don’t smoke – never have – but nonetheless I received an early education on the difference between Cuban and Dominican Republic tobacco wrapping methods. I sat through these treks in silence, because asking “are we there yet?” was pointless – I knew the kilometer markers on the Canadian QEW and 401 by heart. I’m sure my parents were at least pleased they didn’t have to put up with any whining as they focused on the road. Us market participants are not so patient with our journeys to amass more financial wealth. In our never-ending search for the next bull market, we routinely find ourselves asking, “are we there yet?”. And in the crypto markets specifically, we often ask when the dogshit we hold in our wallets will once again trade near the pico top of November 2021. The more savvy traders are looking for leading indicators that might suggest the bull market is nigh, with the goal of identifying exactly when to back up the truck and shovel in crypto. Like a pavlovian dog, we have been trained by our central wanker banker masters to buy financial assets whenever they either cut interest rates or print money in order to expand their balance sheets. We hang on these charlatans’ every word, hoping they will deliver the free money mana that powers risky asset returns. Fed Balance Sheet (white) and Bitcoin (yellow) indexed at 100 During the COVID Fed money printing bonanza, Bitcoin outperformed the growth of the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) balance sheet by 129% – confirming that our Pavlovian instinct to invest on the proclamations of the false profit Powell (the Fed chairperson) has been quite profitable. Since the Fed started raising interest rates in March 2022, a cadre of macroeconomic analysts have been trying to guess when the Fed will stop. I have subjected readers to a number of – in my opinion – beautifully written essays that investigate the many reasons I believe the Fed hiking cycle will ultimately drive some sort of financial calamity that requires them to start cutting rates and expand their balance sheet. On March 10th of this year, Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank limped into the weekend with severely wounded balance sheets, courtesy of Fed policy. By Sunday night, it was clear that these banks were toast, and unless the Fed and US Treasury actually wanted to live the values of free market capitalism and let a poorly run TradFi business fail, some sort of bailout was forthcoming. Unsurprisingly, The Fed and Treasury intervened, and a bailout was offered in the form of the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP). The BTFP offered an unlimited lifeline to the US banking system, whereby banks could hand their dogshit US Treasuries to the Fed and receive fresh dollars in return. These dollars were then given to depositors, who in turn chose to flee because money market funds (MMF) were offering >5% interest vs. a bank deposit interest rate of near 0%. This was the moment. I and many others believed the Fed was surely done hiking rates. The Fed’s real number one mandate is to protect banks and other financial institutions from ever failing, and the rot of underwater bonds was spread so wide and far throughout the financial sector that it threatened to take the whole system down. It seemed the Fed’s only option was to cut rates, restore the health of the US banking system, and watch Bitcoin quickly march towards $70,000. Nope, nope, nope. Instead, the Fed raised rates another three times from March to the present. When your predictions are consistently wrong, it is time to reexamine what you believe to be true, and explore a few “what if I continue to be wrong” scenarios. In this case, that means starting to work through whether my portfolio can survive a Fed that keeps hiking rates. I gave a keynote at the Korea Blockchain Week conference last week in which I examined whether Bitcoin could still rise if the Fed and the rest of their central bank sycophants continue to raise rates. For those of you who were not in the audience, or thought I went too quickly through some concepts, here is a short essay – by my standards, at least – exploring this question. What If? What if there is no US recession? What if inflation doesn’t fall? What if there is no US financial system meltdown? If these all hold true, then rather than a rate cut, we can expect more rate hikes by the Fed and other major central banks. Real Yields Past and Present What is the real yield? Real yield is a fairly amorphous concept, and depending on who you ask, you might get a handful of different definitions. My (slightly oversimplified) definition is that if I lend money to the government, I should at least get a return that matches the nominal GDP growth rate. If I get less than that, the government is earning a profit at my expense. Obviously, governments would love to fund themselves at a lower rate than the economic value their debt generates. Using financial repression to ensure that nominal GDP growth is higher than bond yields has been the policy of all the most successful export-led Asian economies since the end of WW2. China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, etc. have all used this playbook to export their way out of the destruction their countries experienced during and in the wake of WW2. To implement this type of financial repression, countries must use their banking systems. Banks are instructed to offer depositors low rates. Depositors then have no choice but to earn a negative real yield on their savings, as the government puts restrictions in place that prevent them from moving money out of the system. The banks are then told to lend to state-backed or large, politically connected heavy industrial firms at low rates. Deposit Rate < Corporate Loan Rate < Nominal GDP Growth Rate The result is that these industrial companies – which require a large amount of CAPEX – get cheap funding to quickly build out a modern manufacturing base. Governments then use these manufacturing bases to accrue sovereign wealth, which is recycled into US Treasuries and other dollar-based financial assets. Supposedly, these funds can be tapped into when the economy falters. The plebes all get good-paying, blue-collar manufacturing jobs for life. When compared to their prior lives as agricultural peasants, during which they endured a standard of living only slightly better than that of slaves, working nine to five with full benefits for a large corporation is a major improvement. This is a major reason why I dismiss folks like Peter Zeihan who believe the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) rule is about to come to an abrupt end. Due to the horrendous loss of life and destruction of property experienced after 1911 (fall of the Chinese Qing dynasty) and 1949 (when Mao’s communists bested Chiang Kai-Sek’s nationalists), Chinese comrades put a huge premium on stability. The CCP has delivered that since Mao’s death, and thus, they ain’t going nowhere – even if the economy deflates substantially. Real Yield = Government Bond Yield - Nominal GDP Growth This financial repression playbook only works if money cannot leave the banking system. This is why China, Taiwan, South Korea, etc. all have closed capital accounts. Or in the case of Japan, the government makes it nearly impossible for foreign financial firms to advertise and/or accept Japanese savers – and as a result, the average Mrs. Wantanabe is stuck leaving her money with a Japanese bank earning a negative real yield. In our current digital age, however, this strategy becomes harder to execute – particularly given the rise of alternate, decentralized financial systems like Bitcoin. When real yields turn negative for sustained periods of time, depositors can now leave (or at least, they think they can) before the gates are shut. Let’s look at real yields using this construct in the US, starting from 2022 up until the present. US 2-Year Treasury Yield minus US Nominal GDP Growth I used the 2-year US Treasury yield to represent government bond rates as this is the most popular and liquid instrument that tracks short-term rates. As you can see, real rates were really negative when the Fed started hiking in March 2022. The Fed raised rates at the fastest pace ever, and yet real rates are now only barely positive. If you replace the 2-year yield with the 10-year or 30-year yield, real rates are still negative. That’s why it is foolish to own the long-end with your own money. Institutions still do, because financial responsibility goes out the window when you are a fiduciary playing with others money and earning a phat management fee for being of average intellect and ability. As I considered the chart above, my next question was, “what can we expect real yields to look like moving forward?” The Atlanta Fed publishes a “ ” cast, which is a real-time guestimate of what the current quarter’s real GDP growth will be. As of September 8th, the Fed is predicting that third quarter growth will be a mind-bogglingly massive +5.7% – I bet China wishes they could grow like this! To arrive at a nominal growth rate, I added another 3.7%, which I calculated by looking at the average differential between nominal and real growth over the last six quarters. GDPNow Nowcast Real GDP of 5.7% + Real GDP Deflator of 3.7% = Nominal 3Q GDP Growth of 9.4% Forecasted Third Quarter Real Yield = 2-year US Treasury Yield 5% - Nominal 3Q GDP Growth of 9.4% = -4.4% Real Yield What the actual fuck!!!! Conventional economics says as the Fed raised rates, growth in a very credit sensitive economy would falter. Common sense tells us that in these conditions, nominal GDP growth should be falling and real rates rising. But that is not happening. Let’s examine why. No Money, No Honey Governments earn money through taxation, and then spend it on stuff. If spending is greater than tax receipts, then they issue debt to fund the deficit. America’s chief export is finance. As such, the government earns a large slug of revenue from capital gains taxes levied on rich people making money in the stock and bond markets. The COVID bull market of 2020- 2021 produced a big-ass tax haul from rich people. However, from the beginning of 2022 onwards, the Fed began raising interest rates. Higher rates visited a swift death upon financial asset markets. It is the chief reason why do-good scammers such as Sam Bankman-Fried and crypto Zhupercycle muppets like Su Zhu and Kyle Davies bit the dust. Below is a chart showing the return indexed at 100 of the S&P 500 (yellow), the Nasdaq 100 (white), the Russell 2000 (green), and the Bloomberg US Aggregate Total Return Bond Index (magenta) from 2022 to the present. As you can see, since the beginning of 2022, nobody made money. And as a result, capital gains tax receipts have plummeted. The estimates that in 2021, realised capital gains represented ~9% of GDP. Taxes on that booty withered quickly as the Fed embarked on its mission to fight inflation. US Congressional Budget Office “Processing data from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) indicate that realized gains increased sharply in 2021, to 8.7 percent of GDP in CBO’s estimate—the highest level in more than 40 years.” Additionally, remember that the number one job of any politician is to get re-elected. Old boomers were promised free-ish healthcare, and the US general public loves consuming energy at a per-capita rate well above the rest of the world. Given these two facts, it’s safe to assume that politicians who campaign on reducing healthcare spending and/or the defense budget (the US loves bombs over Baghdad as long as the oil flows back home) will not be re-elected. Instead, the government will continue to spend more and more on both sectors as the population ages and the world becomes more multipolar. If spending is increasing but revenue is declining, deficits must rise. Since GDP is just a snapshot of economic activity, when the government spends money, it by definition increases GDP – regardless of whether the spending is actually productive or not. US Government Deficit as a Percentage of Nominal GDP The last reading is a mind boggling 8% of nominal GDP. Rising deficits must be funded by selling more and more bonds. By the end of the year, the US Treasury must sell an additional worth of bonds to repay old debt and cover the budget deficit. And in addition to having to issue these bonds, the Fed is raising rates – which in turn increases the amount of interest the US Treasury must pay. $1.85 trillion As of the end of the second quarter, the US Treasury is spending an annualized $1 trillion on interest payments to debt holders. Given that most wealth is concentrated in the top 10% of households (meaning that those households are the ones holding the bulk of the government’s debt), the US Treasury is essentially handing out stimmies to rich folks in the form of interest payments. What do patricians buy when they’ve already accrued enough money to cover the most important shorts in life (housing and food)? They spend money on services. Roughly 77% of the US economy is services related. To sum up: when rates rise, the government increases interest payments to the rich, the rich spend more on services, and GDP pumps even more. Circle Jerk Let’s put all of this together and do a quick step-by-step walkthrough of how the Fed raising rates increases nominal GDP, which in turn begets more Fed monetary tightening. The Fed must raise rates to fight inflation. I never get tired of this photo. Powell looks like a beta simp cuck as Biden points his pen at him and instructs the Fed to deal with inflation. Financial asset prices fall, and then so does tax revenue. Apart from a few standout tech stocks like Nvidia, most companies who make real stuff are struggling due to the rising cost and declining availability of credit, which has in turn driven down their stock prices. When it comes to the largest asset market in the world, bonds are poised to notch their 2nd straight year of losses on a total return basis. With the broader stock and bond market still below 2021 highs, the government’s capital gains tax revenues are down sharply. While tax revenues are falling, government spending increases, resulting in higher deficits. The more the government spends above its means, the greater its deficit. If more spending = higher deficit, and more spending also = higher nominal GDP growth, then ipso facto, higher deficit = higher nominal GDP growth. The US Treasury must issue more bonds at a higher rate of interest due to higher Fed policy rates. Rich savers haven’t had this much interest income in over 20 years. Rich savers consume more services with their interest income, which further boosts nominal GDP growth. Roughly 77% of US GDP is made up of services. Inflation becomes sticky because nominal GDP growth > government bond yields. Higher bond yields are not putting a damper on US government spending because the US government is net-net profiting from this situation. When the government funds itself at a rate lower than the growth generated by its debt, debt-to-GDP actually declines. This is the exact same playbook the US government used after WW2 in order to pay down its massive domestic war debts. The Fed must raise rates to fight inflation. As GDP growth continues to outpace bond yields, inflation will rise from its current “depressed” levels and be sticky in the high single digits. As long as inflation is much higher than the Fed’s 2% target, they must continue to raise rates. Chink In the Armor Sir Powell can continue raising rates so long as the market is willing to accept a rate of interest lower than the nominal GDP growth. But Lord Satoshi gave the world an alternative financial system, complete with a fixed supply currency and a decentralised, near instantaneous payments network called Bitcoin. The banks have competition that they’ve never faced before. (Of course, you could previously pull your money out of the bank and buy gold, but it’s impractical to use heavy gold in everyday life.) If/when the market demands to receive at least a 9.4% yield (equal to the forecasted nominal GDP growth rate) on their US Treasuries, then the jig will be up. The Fed must then either forbid banks from allowing transfers to digital fintechs offering physical cryptocurrencies, or it must restart quantitative easing (aka money printing) and buy bonds to ensure their yield is less than nominal GDP growth. I will continue to remind you that purchasing an ETF does not get your money outside of the TradFi system. Escape only comes through buying Bitcoin and withdrawing it to your own wallet, where you hold the private keys. It is logical to assume the market will tire of handing profit to the government when there are financial escape hatches like Bitcoin readily available. But for the rest of this analysis, I will assume the Fed will be able to continue down this path of raising rates without too much money fleeing the US banking system. Climate Change To read the final section of this essay with my price predictions please move over to my . Substack

Are We There Yet?

¿Ya llegamos?

Sommes-nous déjà là?

क्या हम अब भी वहां हैं?

まだそこにいるのか？

Já estamos lá?

Chúng ta đã ở đó chưa?

我们到了吗？

Kite or Board?

¿Cometa o tabla?

Cerf-volant ou planche ?

पतंग या बोर्ड?

カイトかボードか？

Kite ou prancha?

Diều hay ván?

风筝还是木板？

Building an Invoice PDF system with , , and can be a complex task, but I'm here to guide you through the process. React.js Redux Node.js Here's a step-by-step tutorial on how you can create such a system: You can find the Github Repository for this project here: https://github.com/idurar/idurar-erp-crm Content Overview Step 1: Setting up the environment Step 2: Setting up the server (Node.js/Express) Step 3: Building the React.js application Step 4: Integrating React.js with Node.js Step 5: Styling and enhancing the user interface Step 6: Testing and debugging Step 7: Deployment Step 1: Setting up the environment Make sure you have Node.js installed on your machine. Create a new directory for your project and navigate into it using the terminal. Initialize a new Node.js project by running . npm init Install required dependencies by running . npm install react redux react-redux Step 2: Setting up the server (Node.js/Express) Create a new file called and set up a basic Express server. server.js Import the necessary dependencies ( , ) in the server file. express html-pdf Define routes for generating and downloading invoices. const express = require('express');

const helmet = require('helmet');
const path = require('path');
const cors = require('cors');

const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
require('dotenv').config({ path: '.variables.env' });

const helpers = require('./helpers');

const erpApiRouter = require('./routes/erpRoutes/erpApi');
const erpAuthRouter = require('./routes/erpRoutes/erpAuth');
const erpDownloadRouter = require('./routes/erpRoutes/erpDownloadRouter');

const errorHandlers = require('./handlers/errorHandlers');

const { isValidAdminToken } = require('./controllers/erpControllers/authJwtController');

// create our Express app
const app = express();
// serves up static files from the public folder. Anything in public/ will just be served up as the file it is

// Takes the raw requests and turns them into usable properties on req.body

app.use(helmet());
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));



// pass variables to our templates + all requests

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  res.locals.h = helpers;
  res.locals.admin = req.admin || null;
  res.locals.currentPath = req.path;
  const clientIP = req.socket.remoteAddress;
  let isLocalhost = false;
  if (clientIP === '127.0.0.1' || clientIP === '::1') {
    // Connection is from localhost
    isLocalhost = true;
  }
  res.locals.isLocalhost = isLocalhost;
  next();
});

// app.use(function (req, res, next) {
//   if (req.url.slice(-1) === "/" && req.path.length > 1) {
//     // req.path = req.path.slice(0, -1);
//     req.url = req.url.slice(0, -1);
//   }
//   next();
// });

// Here our API Routes

var corsOptionsDelegate = function (req, callback) {
  var corsOptions;
  const clientIP = req.socket.remoteAddress;
  let isLocalhost = false;
  if (clientIP === '127.0.0.1' || clientIP === '::1') {
    // Connection is from localhost
    isLocalhost = true;
  }
  if (isLocalhost) {
    corsOptions = {
      origin: '*',
      credentials: true,
    };
  } else {
    corsOptions = {
      origin: true,
      credentials: true,
    };
  }
  callback(null, corsOptions); // callback expects two parameters: error and options
};

app.use(
  '/api',
  cors({
    origin: true,
    credentials: true,
  }),
  erpAuthRouter
);

app.use(
  '/api',
  cors({
    origin: true,
    credentials: true,
  }),
  isValidAdminToken,
  erpApiRouter
);

app.use('/download', cors(), erpDownloadRouter);

// If that above routes didnt work, we 404 them and forward to error handler
app.use(errorHandlers.notFound);

// Otherwise this was a really bad error we didn't expect! Shoot eh
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  /* Development Error Handler - Prints stack trace */
  app.use(errorHandlers.developmentErrors);
}

// production error handler
app.use(errorHandlers.productionErrors);

// done! we export it so we can start the site in start.js
module.exports = app; Step 3: Building the React.js application In the root directory of your project, create a new folder called . client Navigate into the folder and run to generate a new React.js application. client npx create-react-app . Replace the contents of the generated folder with your own code. src Create components for the invoice form, invoice list, and invoice detail view. Use Redux to manage the state of your application, including the invoice data. import React from 'react';
import dayjs from 'dayjs';
import { Tag } from 'antd';
import InvoiceModule from '@/modules/InvoiceModule';
import { useMoney } from '@/settings';

export default function Invoice() {
  const { moneyRowFormatter } = useMoney();

  const entity = 'invoice';
  const searchConfig = {
    displayLabels: ['name', 'surname'],
    searchFields: 'name,surname,birthday',
  };
  const entityDisplayLabels = ['number', 'client.company'];
  const dataTableColumns = [
    {
      title: '#N',
      dataIndex: 'number',
    },
    {
      title: 'Client',
      dataIndex: ['client', 'company'],
    },
    {
      title: 'Date',
      dataIndex: 'date',
      render: (date) => {
        return dayjs(date).format('DD/MM/YYYY');
      },
    },
    {
      title: 'Due date',
      dataIndex: 'expiredDate',
      render: (date) => {
        return dayjs(date).format('DD/MM/YYYY');
      },
    },
    {
      title: 'Total',
      dataIndex: 'total',
      render: (amount) => moneyRowFormatter({ amount }),
    },
    {
      title: 'Balance',
      dataIndex: 'credit',
      render: (amount) => moneyRowFormatter({ amount }),
    },
    {
      title: 'status',
      dataIndex: 'status',
      render: (status) => {
        let color = status === 'draft' ? 'cyan' : status === 'sent' ? 'magenta' : 'gold';

        return <Tag color={color}>{status && status.toUpperCase()}</Tag>;
      },
    },
    {
      title: 'Payment',
      dataIndex: 'paymentStatus',
      render: (paymentStatus) => {
        let color =
          paymentStatus === 'unpaid'
            ? 'volcano'
            : paymentStatus === 'paid'
            ? 'green'
            : paymentStatus === 'overdue'
            ? 'red'
            : 'purple';

        return <Tag color={color}>{paymentStatus && paymentStatus.toUpperCase()}</Tag>;
      },
    },
  ];

  const PANEL_TITLE = 'invoice';
  const dataTableTitle = 'invoices Lists';
  const ADD_NEW_ENTITY = 'Add new invoice';
  const DATATABLE_TITLE = 'invoices List';
  const ENTITY_NAME = 'invoice';
  const CREATE_ENTITY = 'Save invoice';
  const UPDATE_ENTITY = 'Update invoice';

  const config = {
    entity,
    PANEL_TITLE,
    dataTableTitle,
    ENTITY_NAME,
    CREATE_ENTITY,
    ADD_NEW_ENTITY,
    UPDATE_ENTITY,
    DATATABLE_TITLE,
    dataTableColumns,
    searchConfig,
    entityDisplayLabels,
  };
  return <InvoiceModule config={config} />;
} Step 4: Integrating React.js with Node.js In your React.js application, make HTTP requests to the server endpoints created in Step 2 using libraries like or . axios fetch When submitting the invoice form, send the form data to the server and handle the creation of the PDF invoice on the server side. Retrieve the generated PDF from the server and display a link or button to let users download it. import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { Form, Divider } from 'antd';

import { Button, PageHeader, Row, Statistic, Tag } from 'antd';

import { useSelector, useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { erp } from '@/redux/erp/actions';
import { selectCreatedItem } from '@/redux/erp/selectors';

import { useErpContext } from '@/context/erp';
import uniqueId from '@/utils/uinqueId';

import Loading from '@/components/Loading';
import { CloseCircleOutlined, PlusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';

function SaveForm({ form, config }) {
  let { CREATE_ENTITY } = config;
  const handelClick = () => {
    form.submit();
  };

  return (
    <Button onClick={handelClick} type="primary" icon={<PlusOutlined />}>
      {CREATE_ENTITY}
    </Button>
  );
}

export default function CreateItem({ config, CreateForm }) {
  let { entity, CREATE_ENTITY } = config;
  const { erpContextAction } = useErpContext();
  const { createPanel } = erpContextAction;
  const dispatch = useDispatch();
  const { isLoading, isSuccess } = useSelector(selectCreatedItem);
  const [form] = Form.useForm();
  const [subTotal, setSubTotal] = useState(0);
  const handelValuesChange = (changedValues, values) => {
    const items = values['items'];
    let subTotal = 0;

    if (items) {
      items.map((item) => {
        if (item) {
          if (item.quantity && item.price) {
            let total = item['quantity'] * item['price'];
            //sub total
            subTotal += total;
          }
        }
      });
      setSubTotal(subTotal);
    }
  };

  useEffect(() => {
    if (isSuccess) {
      form.resetFields();
      dispatch(erp.resetAction({ actionType: 'create' }));
      setSubTotal(0);
      createPanel.close();
      dispatch(erp.list({ entity }));
    }
  }, [isSuccess]);

  const onSubmit = (fieldsValue) => {
    if (fieldsValue) {
      // if (fieldsValue.expiredDate) {
      //   const newDate = fieldsValue["expiredDate"].format("DD/MM/YYYY");
      //   fieldsValue = {
      //     ...fieldsValue,
      //     expiredDate: newDate,
      //   };
      // }
      // if (fieldsValue.date) {
      //   const newDate = fieldsValue["date"].format("DD/MM/YYYY");
      //   fieldsValue = {
      //     ...fieldsValue,
      //     date: newDate,
      //   };
      // }
      if (fieldsValue.items) {
        let newList = [...fieldsValue.items];
        newList.map((item) => {
          item.total = item.quantity * item.price;
        });
        fieldsValue = {
          ...fieldsValue,
          items: newList,
        };
      }
    }
    dispatch(erp.create({ entity, jsonData: fieldsValue }));
  };

  return (
    <>
      <PageHeader
        onBack={() => createPanel.close()}
        title={CREATE_ENTITY}
        ghost={false}
        tags={<Tag color="volcano">Draft</Tag>}
        // subTitle="This is create page"
        extra={[
          <Button
            key={`${uniqueId()}`}
            onClick={() => createPanel.close()}
            icon={<CloseCircleOutlined />}
          >
            Cancel
          </Button>,
          <SaveForm form={form} config={config} key={`${uniqueId()}`} />,
        ]}
        style={{
          padding: '20px 0px',
        }}
      ></PageHeader>
      <Divider dashed />
      <Loading isLoading={isLoading}>
        <Form form={form} layout="vertical" onFinish={onSubmit} onValuesChange={handelValuesChange}>
          <CreateForm subTotal={subTotal} />
        </Form>
      </Loading>
    </>
  );
} Step 5: Styling and enhancing the user interface Utilize CSS and any CSS framework of your choice (e.g., Ant Design) to style your application. Enhance the user interface with features like pagination, sorting, searching, and filtering invoices. import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import dayjs from 'dayjs';
import { Form, Input, InputNumber, Button, Select, Divider, Row, Col } from 'antd';

import { PlusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';

import { DatePicker } from '@/components/CustomAntd';

import AutoCompleteAsync from '@/components/AutoCompleteAsync';
import ItemRow from '@/components/ErpPanel/ItemRow';

import MoneyInputFormItem from '@/components/MoneyInputFormItem';

export default function InvoiceForm({ subTotal = 0, current = null }) {
  const [total, setTotal] = useState(0);
  const [taxRate, setTaxRate] = useState(0);
  const [taxTotal, setTaxTotal] = useState(0);
  const [currentYear, setCurrentYear] = useState(() => new Date().getFullYear());
  const handelTaxChange = (value) => {
    setTaxRate(value);
  };

  useEffect(() => {
    if (current) {
      const { taxRate = 0, year } = current;
      setTaxRate(taxRate);
      setCurrentYear(year);
    }
  }, [current]);
  useEffect(() => {
    const currentTotal = subTotal * taxRate + subTotal;
    setTaxTotal((subTotal * taxRate).toFixed(2));
    setTotal(currentTotal.toFixed(2));
  }, [subTotal, taxRate]);

  const addField = useRef(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    addField.current.click();
  }, []);

  return (
    <>
      <Row gutter={[12, 0]}>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={9}>
          <Form.Item
            name="client"
            label="Client"
            rules={[
              {
                required: true,
                message: 'Please input your client!',
              },
            ]}
          >
            <AutoCompleteAsync
              entity={'client'}
              displayLabels={['company']}
              searchFields={'company,managerSurname,managerName'}
              // onUpdateValue={autoCompleteUpdate}
            />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
          <Form.Item
            label="Number"
            name="number"
            initialValue={1}
            rules={[
              {
                required: true,
                message: 'Please input invoice number!',
              },
            ]}
          >
            <InputNumber style={{ width: '100%' }} />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
          <Form.Item
            label="year"
            name="year"
            initialValue={currentYear}
            rules={[
              {
                required: true,
                message: 'Please input invoice year!',
              },
            ]}
          >
            <InputNumber style={{ width: '100%' }} />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
          <Form.Item
            label="status"
            name="status"
            rules={[
              {
                required: false,
                message: 'Please input invoice status!',
              },
            ]}
            initialValue={'draft'}
          >
            <Select
              options={[
                { value: 'draft', label: 'Draft' },
                { value: 'pending', label: 'Pending' },
                { value: 'sent', label: 'Sent' },
              ]}
            ></Select>
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={9}>
          <Form.Item label="Note" name="note">
            <Input />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={8}>
          <Form.Item
            name="date"
            label="Date"
            rules={[
              {
                required: true,
                type: 'object',
              },
            ]}
            initialValue={dayjs()}
          >
            <DatePicker style={{ width: '100%' }} format={'DD/MM/YYYY'} />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={7}>
          <Form.Item
            name="expiredDate"
            label="Expire Date"
            rules={[
              {
                required: true,
                type: 'object',
              },
            ]}
            initialValue={dayjs().add(30, 'days')}
          >
            <DatePicker style={{ width: '100%' }} format={'DD/MM/YYYY'} />
          </Form.Item>
        </Col>
      </Row>
      <Divider dashed />
      <Row gutter={[12, 12]} style={{ position: 'relative' }}>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
          <p>Item</p>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={7}>
          <p>Description</p>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={3}>
          <p>Quantity</p>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={4}>
          <p>Price</p>
        </Col>
        <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
          <p>Total</p>
        </Col>
      </Row>
      <Form.List name="items">
        {(fields, { add, remove }) => (
          <>
            {fields.map((field) => (
              <ItemRow key={field.key} remove={remove} field={field} current={current}></ItemRow>
            ))}
            <Form.Item>
              <Button
                type="dashed"
                onClick={() => add()}
                block
                icon={<PlusOutlined />}
                ref={addField}
              >
                Add field
              </Button>
            </Form.Item>
          </>
        )}
      </Form.List>
      <Divider dashed />
      <div style={{ position: 'relative', width: ' 100%', float: 'right' }}>
        <Row gutter={[12, -5]}>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
            <Form.Item>
              <Button type="primary" htmlType="submit" icon={<PlusOutlined />} block>
                Save Invoice
              </Button>
            </Form.Item>
          </Col>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={4} offset={10}>
            <p
              style={{
                paddingLeft: '12px',
                paddingTop: '5px',
              }}
            >
              Sub Total :
            </p>
          </Col>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
            <MoneyInputFormItem readOnly value={subTotal} />
          </Col>
        </Row>
        <Row gutter={[12, -5]}>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={4} offset={15}>
            <Form.Item
              name="taxRate"
              rules={[
                {
                  required: false,
                  message: 'Please input your taxRate!',
                },
              ]}
              initialValue="0"
            >
              <Select
                value={taxRate}
                onChange={handelTaxChange}
                bordered={false}
                options={[
                  { value: 0, label: 'Tax 0 %' },
                  { value: 0.19, label: 'Tax 19 %' },
                ]}
              ></Select>
            </Form.Item>
          </Col>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
            <MoneyInputFormItem readOnly value={taxTotal} />
          </Col>
        </Row>
        <Row gutter={[12, -5]}>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={4} offset={15}>
            <p
              style={{
                paddingLeft: '12px',
                paddingTop: '5px',
              }}
            >
              Total :
            </p>
          </Col>
          <Col className="gutter-row" span={5}>
            <MoneyInputFormItem readOnly value={total} />
          </Col>
        </Row>
      </div>
    </>
  );
} Step 6: Testing and debugging Use tools like React DevTools and Redux DevTools to debug your application. Write unit tests using libraries like Jest or Enzyme to ensure the stability of your codebase. Step 7: Deployment Deploy your Node.js server and React.js application to a hosting platform like Heroku, AWS, or Netlify. Configure the necessary environment variables and ensure that everything is working as expected in a production environment. You can find the Github Repository here: https://github.com/idurar/idurar-erp-crm This tutorial provides a high-level overview of building an Invoice PDF system using React.js, Redux, and Node.js. Good luck with your project! Also published . here

How to Build an Invoice PDF System Using React.js, Redux and Node.js

The Man in the Brown Suit by Agatha Christie, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . PROLOGUE PROLOGUE Nadina, the Russian dancer who had taken Paris by storm, swayed to the sound of the applause, bowed and bowed again. Her narrow black eyes narrowed themselves still more, the long line of her scarlet mouth curved faintly upwards. Enthusiastic Frenchmen continued to beat the ground appreciatively as the curtain fell with a swish, hiding the reds and blues and magentas of the bizarre décors. In a swirl of blue and orange draperies the dancer left the stage. A bearded gentleman received her enthusiastically in his arms. It was the Manager. “Magnificent, petite, magnificent,” he cried. “To-night you have surpassed yourself.” He kissed her gallantly on both cheeks in a somewhat matter-of-fact manner. Madame Nadina accepted the tribute with the ease of long habit and passed on to her dressing-room, where bouquets were heaped carelessly everywhere, marvellous garments of futuristic design hung on pegs, and the air was hot and sweet with the scent of the massed blossoms and with more sophisticated perfumes and essences. Jeanne, the dresser, ministered to her mistress, talking incessantly and pouring out a stream of fulsome compliment. A knock at the door interrupted the flow. Jeanne went to answer it, and returned with a card in her hand. “Madame will receive?” “Let me see.” The dancer stretched out a languid hand, but at the sight of the name on the card, “Count Sergius Paulovitch,” a sudden flicker of interest came into her eyes. “I will see him. The maize peignoir, Jeanne, and quickly. And when the Count comes you may go.” “Bien, Madame.” Jeanne brought the peignoir, an exquisite wisp of corn-coloured chiffon and ermine. Nadina slipped into it, and sat smiling to herself, whilst one long white hand beat a slow tattoo on the glass of the dressing-table. The Count was prompt to avail himself of the privilege accorded to him—a man of medium height, very slim, very elegant, very pale, extraordinarily weary. In feature, little to take hold of, a man difficult to recognize again if one left his mannerisms out of account. He bowed over the dancer’s hand with exaggerated courtliness. “Madame, this is a pleasure indeed.” So much Jeanne heard before she went out closing the door behind her. Alone with her visitor, a subtle change came over Nadina’s smile. “Compatriots though we are, we will not speak Russian, I think,” she observed. “Since we neither of us know a word of the language, it might be as well,” agreed her guest. By common consent, they dropped into English, and nobody, now that the Count’s mannerisms had dropped from him, could doubt that it was his native language. He had, indeed, started life as a quick-change music-hall artiste in London. “You had a great success to-night,” he remarked. “I congratulate you.” “All the same,” said the woman, “I am disturbed. My position is not what it was. The suspicions aroused during the War have never died down. I am continually watched and spied upon.” “But no charge of espionage was ever brought against you?” “Our chief lays his plans too carefully for that.” “Long life to the ‘Colonel,’” said the Count, smiling. “Amazing news, is it not, that he means to retire? To retire! Just like a doctor, or a butcher, or a plumber——” “Or any other business man,” finished Nadina. “It should not surprise us. That is what the ‘Colonel’ has always been—an excellent man of business. He has organized crime as another man might organize a boot factory. Without committing himself, he has planned and directed a series of stupendous coups, embracing every branch of what we might call his ‘profession.’ Jewel robberies, forgery, espionage (the latter very profitable in war-time), sabotage, discreet assassination, there is hardly anything he has not touched. Wisest of all, he knows when to stop. The game begins to be dangerous?—he retires gracefully—with an enormous fortune!” “H’m!” said the Count doubtfully. “It is rather—upsetting for all of us. We are at a loose end, as it were.” “But we are being paid off—on a most generous scale!” Something, some undercurrent of mockery in her tone, made the man look at her sharply. She was smiling to herself, and the quality of her smile aroused his curiosity. But he proceeded diplomatically: “Yes, the ‘Colonel’ has always been a generous paymaster. I attribute much of his success to that—and to his invariable plan of providing a suitable scapegoat. A great brain, undoubtedly a great brain! And an apostle of the maxim, ‘If you want a thing done safely, do not do it yourself!’ Here are we, every one of us incriminated up to the hilt and absolutely in his power, and not one of us has anything on him.” He paused, almost as though he were expecting her to disagree with him, but she remained silent, smiling to herself as before. “Not one of us,” he mused. “Still, you know, he is superstitious, the old man. Years ago, I believe, he went to one of these fortune-telling people. She prophesied a lifetime of success, but declared that his downfall would be brought about through a woman.” He had interested her now. She looked up eagerly. “That is strange, very strange! Through a woman, you say?” He smiled and shrugged his shoulders. “Doubtless, now that he has—retired, he will marry. Some young society beauty, who will disperse his millions faster than he acquired them.” Nadina shook her head. “No, no, that is not the way of it. Listen, my friend, to-morrow I go to London.” “But your contract here?” “I shall be away only one night. And I go incognito, like Royalty. No one will ever know that I have left France. And why do you think that I go?” “Hardly for pleasure at this time of year. January, a detestable foggy month! It must be for profit, eh?” “Exactly.” She rose and stood in front of him, every graceful line of her arrogant with pride. “You said just now that none of us had anything on the chief. You were wrong. I have. I, a woman, have had the wit and, yes, the courage—for it needs courage—to double-cross him. You remember the De Beer diamonds?” “Yes, I remember. At Kimberley, just before the war broke out? I had nothing to do with it, and I never heard the details, the case was hushed up for some reason, was it not? A fine haul too.” “A hundred thousand pounds worth of stones. Two of us worked it—under the ‘Colonel’s’ orders, of course. And it was then that I saw my chance. You see, the plan was to substitute some of the De Beer diamonds for some sample diamonds brought from South America by two young prospectors who happened to be in Kimberley at the time. Suspicion was then bound to fall on them.” “Very clever,” interpolated the Count approvingly. “The ‘Colonel’ is always clever. Well, I did my part—but I also did one thing which the ‘Colonel’ had not foreseen. I kept back some of the South American stones—one or two are unique and could easily be proved never to have passed through De Beer’s hands. With these diamonds in my possession, I have the whip-hand of my esteemed chief. Once the two young men are cleared, his part in the matter is bound to be suspected. I have said nothing all these years, I have been content to know that I had this weapon in reserve, but now matters are different. I want my price—and it will be a big, I might almost say a staggering price.” “Extraordinary,” said the Count. “And doubtless you carry these diamonds about with you everywhere?” His eyes roamed gently round the disordered room. Nadina laughed softly. “You need suppose nothing of the sort. I am not a fool. The diamonds are in a safe place where no one will dream of looking for them.” “I never thought you a fool, my dear lady, but may I venture to suggest that you are somewhat foolhardy? The ‘Colonel’ is not the type of man to take kindly to being blackmailed, you know.” “I am not afraid of him,” she laughed. “There is only one man I have ever feared—and he is dead.” The man looked at her curiously. “Let us hope that he will not come to life again, then,” he remarked lightly. “What do you mean?” cried the dancer sharply. The Count looked slightly surprised. “I only meant that a resurrection would be awkward for you,” he explained. “A foolish joke.” She gave a sigh of relief. “Oh, no, he is dead all right. Killed in the war. He was a man who once—loved me.” “In South Africa?” asked the Count negligently. “Yes, since you ask it, in South Africa.” “That is your native country, is it not?” She nodded. Her visitor rose and reached for his hat. “Well,” he remarked, “you know your own business best, but, if I were you, I should fear the ‘Colonel’ far more than any disillusioned lover. He is a man whom it is particularly easy to—underestimate.” She laughed scornfully. “As if I did not know him after all these years!” “I wonder if you do?” he said softly. “I very much wonder if you do.” “Oh, I am not a fool! And I am not alone in this. The South African mail-boat docks at Southampton to-morrow, and on board her is a man who has come specially from Africa at my request and who has carried out certain orders of mine. The ‘Colonel’ will have not one of us to deal with, but two.” “Is that wise?” “It is necessary.” “You are sure of this man?” A rather peculiar smile played over the dancer’s face. “I am quite sure of him. He is inefficient, but perfectly trustworthy.” She paused, and then added in an indifferent tone of voice: “As a matter of fact, he happens to be my husband.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Agatha Christie (2020). The Man in the Brown Suit. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61168/pg61168-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

Nadina, the Russian dancer

How I Hacked and Turned My CASIO F-91W Into a Contactless Payment Device

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Wie ich meinen CASIO F-91W gehackt und in ein kontaktloses Zahlungsgerät verwandelt habe

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The Barbie movie continues to generate a lot of buzz and excitement ahead of its July 21 release. Google Trends shows a whopping 160K daily searches worldwide. This is good news for Warner Bros, Greta Gerwig and the movie's $100 million budget. Blockbuster is defined as a summer movie with $100 million+ in inflation-adjusted box office gross sales. Blockbusters released in the summer of 2022 averaged $308 million with "Top Gun: Maverick,” earning $733 million. It’s still too early to guarantee a box office smash for Barbie. But the marketing has been a masterclass in innovation. The team started out by keeping the plot under wraps and stoking a sense of mystery and curiousity. They empowered the fanbase with tools to create cool visuals that were fun and easy to share. And guess what else is slick? The user generated content is engaging and fun but also branded with colors, fonts and styles that stoke emotions and nostalgia (we are talking about a 60-year-old brand). Another attention grabber was to announce a large and diverse cast after initially focusing just on the two main stars. As entrepreneurs, business owners and marketing pros what strategies can we learn from the massive marketing effort for the Barbie movie? What are their core elements for branding success? How are they killing it on the innovation meter? In this post we're going to have a deeper look at some of the strategies and tactics in play. Understanding the Importance of Innovation in Branding Innovative branding adds jet fuel to your brand identity. The Barbie marketing team understood the assignment. One of the most innovative Barbie marketing moves was to create an AI powered . It takes a person's facial features and turns them into a Barbie-like image. The result is a fun photo that people love to share on social media. Since its launch this marketing tactic has been a huge viral success. It has taken the meme world by storm. Barbie Selfie Generator https://twitter.com/sleezeSTAN/status/1643396895933358081?ref_src=twsrc^tfw&embedable=true Innovative branding allows you to break through the noise and create a unique identity that sets you apart. For business owners it is critical to showcase your brand's personality, values and purpose in creative ways. Barbie team leverages its powerful brand in a variety of ways to capture attention, build loyalty and generate even more buzz. The Barbie movie has been very active on social media, using platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok to promote. One of the most surprising aspects of the campaign is the use of a simple Barbie pink billboard with the word "Barbie" written in small print in the bottom right corner. The uncluttered design allows the viewer to focus on the word "Barbie," even if you’re driving at 65 MPH on a busy highway. This minimalist approach is an aesthetic twist that any brand can test for effectiveness. Key Elements of an Innovative Brand I talked in a previous post about the importance of . crafting your brand voice and visual identity Your visual identity has to align with your brand story. The color Barbie Pink (Pantone) is the Hex Code #e0218a of magenta-pink. You’ll see the color used by Mattel's Barbie in trademarks, packaging and promotional materials. The consistency makes it iconic and instantly recognizable. How does this compare to the use of color and font in your brand strategy? Customer-Centric Approach Creating a brand voice that resonates with your target cutomer is crucial to building a solid brand identity. The Barbie franchise has a diverse and loyal fanbase. During the pandemic Barbie doll sales experienced a 16% surge in global demand. Sales hit and the boost helped Mattel have its best sales since 2017. Now Warner Bros is counting on this audience to show up and show out at the box office. The team has created engaging content that has been shared widely by fans. This has helped to keep the movie top-of-mind for potential viewers. Expect to see more marketing messages that encourage coming out as a family, a group and purchasing tickets in bunches. $1.35 billion Consistent Brand Experience An innovative brand delivers a consistent experience across all communication channels. The  visual identity infuses all marketing materials. From website design to social media to customer service, every aspect of the brand should reflect its innovative spirit. Consistency builds trust and reinforces the brand's image as a leader in the space. The Barbie team is consistently making it easy for fans to spread the word, share the messages and get excited about this new release. As the movie tagline goes, " ". She's everything. He's just Ken Creative Storytelling It is important for companies of all sizes to have a compelling brand story. Your origin story captures the essence of the brand. It serves as the foundation for all other branding efforts. Barbie marketing has taken creative storytelling to a whole new level. From the beginning the minimalist billboards piqued curiousity. The Barbie merchandising stays on message. Some examples include the ALDO shoe drop, fashion collab with retailer Forever21, and a virtual Barbie Dream Car. Strategies for Building an Effective Brand At the heart of innovation is embracing new ideas, technologies and approaches that can set you apart from your competitors for that opening weekend money (yeah I’m looking at you Oppenheimer). Team Barbie ticks this box with the the pink . Barbie is partnering with Airbnb to give away a series of one night stays. Barbie mansion in Malibu https://twitter.com/johnschreiber/status/1673120682811752448?ref_src=twsrc^tfw&embedable=true Collaborate with Market Leaders Barbie has created a staggering amount of brand partnerships and cross marketing projects. This is a great lesson for companies that want to expand their footprint in a cost-effective manner. Collaborations can include strategic alliances, joint ventures and co-marketing opportunities. The key is to build on each other’s strengths and grab attention with something really innovative. Leverage Technology and Digital Platforms We already discussed the AI powered Barbie Selfie Generator. Barbie is leaning into web3, virtual reality, mobile apps and social media. Marketers of all sizes have a similar opportunity to incorporate technology into their branding tactics and strategy. The only limit is the imagination of the management team. Stay up on the latest technological advancements or get left behind. Promote a Culture of Creativity Innovation requires you to encourage and empower your team to come up with new ideas and push boundaries. Barbie marketing illustrates this strategy by constantly introducing new promotions and collaborations that resonate with the target audience. For you to make this work, your company culture has to fuel thinking outside the box.  By creating an environment where innovation is valued and rewarded, you can tap into the creative potential of your team. Conclusion Overall, the Barbie movie marketing campaign is a great example of how to use innovative branding to effectively market a project. Time will tell if this pays off as a summer blockbuster but the chances look pretty good. The Barbie marketing team is pulling out all of the stops. It's clear they have invested a lot of time, brainstorming and money into their strategy. Innovative branding is a powerful tool for building a unique and successful company. I’ve revealed the fundamentals in this post. You begin by understanding the importance of innovation. To continue you identify and apply the key elements of an innovative brand. Finally you tie it together with an innovative strategy that sparks engagement and excitement of your core audience of fans. I hear you asking. What if you don’t have a $100 million budget for your project? Marketing is about adaptability. By embracing creativity, challenging the status quo, and delivering exceptional experiences you too can build an innovative brand. If you need some additional guidance be sure to reach out.

What Barbie The Movie Teaches Us About Building An Innovative Brand 

Exit Liquidity

তারল্য থেকে প্রস্থান করুন

Liquidität verlassen

Liquidez de salida

Liquidité de sortie

तरलता से बाहर निकलें

出口流動性

유동성 종료

Liquidez de saída

Likiditeden Çıkış

Thoát thanh khoản

退出流动性

Even if you’re new to C#, you’ve probably come across at least one of Tasks, Threads, or BackgroundWorkers. With a bit of additional time, it’s likely you’ve seen all three in your journey. They’re all ways to run concurrent code in C# and each has its own set of pros and cons. In this article, we will explore how each one operates at a high level. It’s worth noting that in most modern .NET applications and libraries you’ll see things converging to Tasks. The Approach I’ve gone ahead and created a test application that . Because this is in source control, it’s possible/likely that it will diverge from what we see in this article, so I just wanted to offer that as a disclaimer for you as the reader. you can find here The application allows us to select different examples to run. I’ll start by pasting below so you can see how things work. that code using System.Globalization;

internal sealed class Program
{
    private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<int, IExample> _examples =
        new Dictionary<int, IExample>()
        {
            [1] = new NonBackgroundThreadExample(),
            [2] = new BackgroundThreadExample(),
            [3] = new BackgroundWorkerExample(),
            [4] = new SimultaneousExample(),
        };
    private static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Enter the number for one of the following examples to run:");
        foreach (var entry in _examples)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("----");
            var restoreColor = Console.ForegroundColor;
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Cyan;
            Console.WriteLine($"Choice: {entry.Key}");
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Magenta;
            Console.WriteLine($"Name: {entry.Value.Name}");
            Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
            Console.WriteLine($"Description: {entry.Value.Description}");
            Console.ForegroundColor = restoreColor;
        }
        Console.WriteLine("----");
        IExample example;
        while (true)
        {
            var input = Console.ReadLine();
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Would you like to exit? Y/N");
                input = Console.ReadLine();
                if ("y".Equals(input, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                {
                    return;
                }
                Console.WriteLine("Please make another selection.");
                continue;
            }
            if (!int.TryParse(input, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var exampleId) ||
                !_examples.TryGetValue(exampleId, out example))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Invalid input. Please make another selection.");
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        Console.WriteLine($"Starting example '{example.Name}'...");
        Console.WriteLine("-- Before entering example method");
        example.ExecuteExample();
        Console.WriteLine("-- After leaving example method");
    }
} Threads Threads are the most basic form of concurrent execution in C#. They are created and managed by the operating system, and can be used to run code in parallel with the main thread of execution. The concept of a thread is one of the most basic building blocks when we talk about concurrency in general for programming. However, it’s also a name of a class that we can directly use in C# for running concurrent code. Threads allow you to pass in a method to execute. They also can be marked as background or not, where a background thread will be killed off when the application attempts to exit. Conversely, a non-background thread will try to keep the application alive until the thread exits. Here is an example of creating and starting a new thread: Thread newThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(MyMethod));
newThread.Start(); One major advantage of using Threads is that they have a low overhead, as they are managed directly by the operating system. However, they can be more difficult to work with than other concurrent options, as they do not have built-in support for cancellation, progress reporting, or exception handling. In C#, we’ve had access to the Thread object for a long time so it makes sense that other constructs have been built on top of this for us adding additional quality of life enhancements. Let’s check out : the first Thread example public void ExecuteExample()
    {
        void DoWork(string label)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Task.Delay(1000).Wait();
                Console.WriteLine($"Waiting in '{label}'...");
            }
        };

        var thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(() => DoWork("thread")));
        thread.Start();

        Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit!");
        Console.ReadLine();
    } In the context of our sample application, we would be able to see the method printing to the console while the Thread is running. However, when the user presses enter, the example method would exit and then the program would also try to exit. Because this Thread is not marked as background, it will actually prevent the application from terminating naturally! Try it out and see. We can directly compare this with , which has one difference: The Thread is marked as background. When you try this example out, you’ll notice that the running thread does not prevent the application from exiting! the second example Background Workers BackgroundWorker is a higher-level concurrent execution option in C#. It is a component included in the System.ComponentModel namespace, and generally you see this used in GUI applications. For example, classic WinForms applications would take advantage of these. Let’s look at : our example for BackgroundWorker public void ExecuteExample()
    {
        void DoWork(string label)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                Task.Delay(1000).Wait();
                Console.WriteLine($"Waiting in '{label}'...");
            }
        };

        var backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
        // NOTE: RunWorkerCompleted may not have a chance to run before the application exits
        backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += (s, e) => Console.WriteLine("Background worker finished.");
        backgroundWorker.DoWork += (s, e) => DoWork("background worker");
        backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();

        Console.WriteLine("Press enter to exit!");
        Console.ReadLine();
    } One major advantage of using a BackgroundWorker is that it has built-in support for cancellation, progress reporting, and exception handling. It is setup slightly different in that event handlers are registered onto the BackgroundWorker. You can additionally have a completion handler and others registered to the object. Like a Thread marked as background, the BackgroundWorker will not block the application from exiting. Tasks Want to see how Tasks factor in? Be sure to check out that details Tasks in the same way. It summarizes with a conclusion about how you may want to use each in your programs! my blog post This article first appeared on . my blog

Understanding Tasks, BackgroundWorkers, and Threads

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