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38% of businesses. Yes, according to stats, that number of businesses systems run completely on SaaS software. Customer Think It’s been months running your Saas company; you’ve estimated your budget (the tight budget), researched what the top-performing Saas companies are doing? (maybe 100 times or so) But somewhere, you’re still stuck in a rut. ** Source: BetterCloud You’re using the same rules and software and experiencing the same results. But times are changing, and so is the saas industry.  That being said, the leading-edge Saas software like Vertical and horizontal Saas are taking the Saas industry by storm. In this article, let’s dig a little deeper into how Vertical Saas can help you skyrocket your Saas business. What is Vertical Saas? ** Source: Single grain Let’s take a look at these stats. Global data indicates that the Software as a Service (SaaS) market is going to hit USD 716.52 Billion by 2028. newswire Given that, this billion-dollar industry does have its advantages. When it comes to vertical Saas, it is an amalgamation of Saas solutions and distinctive products for a specific market. Big giants like Microsoft 365, Quickbooks and Slack are ready to give it a whirl — they can’t resist it! There is Saas product software that is built as an industry initiative. This category of SaaS products includes solutions that suit a super-niched market. Well, the model for Vertical SaaS takes a multi-faceted approach. It relies on firms that are built to tackle a single problem and handle other business challenges. For example, financial and health care companies are traditionally vertical Saas companies. Since their model isn’t catered to everyone, also they don’t have a wide range of products. That’s the reason; it satisfies the needs and requirements of limited people. Here are a few examples of vertical Saas software: SAP Business ByDesign Veeva (cloud platform for life science and pharma) BioIQ (MedTech) Health Assurance Plan (dental software) Guidewire (insurance) Banking, heavy manufacturing, and government. In simple words, there are vertical-specific platforms like Litify (uniquely customized for law firms). This shift from inclusive, one-size-fits-all platforms to vertical-specific solutions is helping B2B industries to develop and grow. The Beauty of Vertical Saas Now that you’re all aware of what is vertical Saas? Hang in there. It’s time to understand how vertical Saas can help you grow your Saas company. Here are a few of the advantages of Vertical Saas you can’t afford to miss: Confined Products: You don’t have to make any extra effort since vertical Saas focuses more on making on-time deliveries and targeting a niche market with specific software needs. This saves your time but also reduces operational costs. Makes sales a Lot simpler: One of the biggest challenges a company can face is in their sales process. With vertical Saas, the processes are made accessible. Since most of the people are working from home these days, they can easily access any process from their homes, and be more productive. This can improve sales rates. It has easy customization and provides simple updates on future campaigns. Better R.O.I:  Scaling is an important factor that constructs every company. You don’t have to worry about any infrastructure or revenue lost since Saas is profitable due to low customer churn. You need not worry about high-end computers or expensive technologies, all you need is additional Saas-based licenses for increasing work. Easier upsell: For a long-term running company, you do need more products to sell and raise your upsell. This means you do need to increase your product velocity. A vertical Saas software can provide a better roadmap for products and also control other attributes at the same time. The best part is it delivers products on time, with high quality and reliability for customers. Less competition:  As mentioned earlier the vertical Saas software targets a highly specific niche audience. It works best for traditional industries like banking and pharma. This means there is less competition and more sales. Its niche-specific software provides leverage to companies. Granted that they can serve more customers in less time without any fear of losing data, money or resources. The Growing Trend of Vertical SaaS Source: Twitter Since it's no surprise that vertical Saas allows companies to be more productive. Even say that  80% of businesses plan to make all their systems SaaS by 2025. stats With these whopping numbers, some ongoing trends can change the wave of the vertical Saas industry. Let’s understand how these trends can allow companies to work efficiently and evolve as a business. So here are a few top trends for vertical Saas: Automation will be the key: Vertical Saas is automating almost all its processes so that it can maintain high-quality services. Customer intelligence: Observe customers from a hand distance and analyze all their data and insights for future campaigns. Emerging niches: As the demand grows so does the vertical Saas niche products market. It amplifies the new niche products usage. For example, providing solutions for a childcare management app. These niche-specific solutions can raise awareness and also sales. Additional services: Vertical Saas can go above and beyond to make customers happy. That's the reason the new software will be more focused on offering services like advisory, management, cloud consultation, new products migration, and sales. Conclusion To conclude, Vertical SaaS solutions handle industry-specific problems that often go unnoticed. To be precise, Saas organization operates in over 100 different countries. Companies can now enjoy the benefits of so many integrated services. From payment processing to cloud-based technology, companies can experiment and create strong cross-selling opportunities.

A Shift in Saas Industries -The Future is Vertical

# start background I embarked on a journey to seriously skill up in the domain of years ago, and I started out doing tutorials on Codecademy as well as signing up with courses on Udemy. As my work involved quite a bit of travel, I downloaded the tutorials offline into my ipad and studied on the plane. I started out with the intention of learning programming to build useful things, and even though the journey was really tough at every step, I realised that I never knew what the word ‘difficult’ really meant until I immersed myself into data structures and algorithms. programming I am a major in Aerospace Engineering, graduated First Class Hons from Singapore. After that I joined Schlumberger as a New Products Engineer, working on oilfield pumps and had stints in in the North Sea installing equipment. Hours were long (16 hour days were common, with weekends usually burnt too), pay was low but the experience was amazing, and I would not trade that for anything else. Till today the survival training doing capsize drills and going down a Norwegian escape chute as well as taking the helicopter to the rig are fond memories, not something people would experience unless they are an oilfield engineer. After that I joined P&G as a researcher working on Hair Care brands, after 2 promotions I started to realize that whilst project management, stakeholder management (making sure everyone you’re working with is happy) and establishing credibility might be important, and actually is the most important anywhere, I was not gaining skills on the job which are required to do what I am super passionate about, which is to ideate, build useful things that solve problems and set up a brand. The environment I was immersed in though, was super great, with supportive colleagues and management. And working in that corporate setting made me realise how much there is to learn about how a company works; how management makes decisions (whether data-based or from the gut (intuition), which is why business is such a beautiful science and also an art) on allocating people and resources and integrating efforts from different departments to build and invigorate brands. Amazing stuff. I wanted to help management and product managers at all levels of the company make better-informed decisions by providing quick and accurate facts, and this led me to pick up programming to create a scraping and data mining tool for the masses, and this tool has been providing valuable consumer insights to teams working on billion dollar brands like Pantene, Vicks, Tide, Head and Shoulders, SKII, Oral b, etc. The tool is called (acronym WGT) (I have set up the authentication so only P&G employees can create an account). www.wheregottext.com Other than WGT, I have been building a job hunting app and an app for recognising products in the supermarket and showing relevant online ratings and reviews from other consumers so that consumers can make a more informed decision before buying, instead of just talking to the sales reps in the stores, among other things. I have also been involved in Android and iOS app development, which I shall describe another time. Anyway, enough with the ranting and I will leave more introduction to another post. Till now, one of the more difficult problems I have come across is the question: Given a BST, find a list of lists which can make the BST. # end background I shall use the example in Cracking the Coding Interview by Gayle Laakmann McDowell to provide my perspective and explanation in hopes that people coming across this problem would not struggle as much as I did when I was trying to find useful explanations online, with no success. I will provide the code in . The code in the book is written in Java. Python Consider the binary search tree on the left. We can try to manually list some of the possible arrays that contains elements that could be inserted to form the binary search tree. [20,10,5,15,25] [20,10,25,5,15] [20, 25,10,15,5] … Notice that for every subtree (consisting of three nodes) the root must always be inserted first, followed up any order of the children, because the children are at the same level. My initial though to solve this problem is to first do a pre-order traversal of all the nodes, and store the nodes into a list. I would then generate a list of lists of all permutations of the elements, thereafter filtering out lists starting with the value 20, and also the condition of 10 coming before 5 and 15 (since 10 must be added first to form the BST). There are many flaws with this thinking. This is a very manual method and if the BST is bigger or if we are not able to visualise the BST in a chart as above, it would be unnecessarily complex to figure out the hierarchy of nodes. We could do a BFS and figure out that 10 must be before 5 and 15, but I would rather follow the textbook method than to implement this. We know that we always break down the problem into smaller ones, and then for BSTs we could use recusion to expand a solution to a bigger problem. In the book, two recursion functions are being used. One is called weaveLists, and another is called allSequences which calls weaveLists. First of all, let’s define a Tree class. We need to be able to do insertions and also to get the root. class Node:def __init__(self, val):self.l = Noneself.r = Noneself.v = val class Tree:def __init__(self):self.root = None def getRoot(self):return self.root def insert(self, val):if(self.root == None):self.root = Node(val)else:self._insert(val, self.root) def _insert(self, val, node):if(val < node.v):if(node.l != None):self._insert(val, node.l)else:node.l = Node(val)else:if(node.r != None):self._insert(val, node.r)else:node.r = Node(val) Thereafter, we want to be able to weave the elements of a subtree. The weaveList function is as follows (I added in comments directly into the code to explain what is happening) : # Note that in the recursion, we are always using the same reference to first, second and prefix lists, and hence operations to modify these lists would have to be done in-place. Any copies would have to be done with the deepcopy function. ### EDIT TO CODE BELOW: instead of using result = prefix.copy(), use: import copyresult = copy.deepcopy(prefix) Since .copy() is a shallow copy. Thank you to Zhi Yong for pointing that out. # 'first' list shall be referred to as first[]# 'second' list shall be referred to as second[]# 'prefix' list shall be referred to as prefix[] def weaveLists(first, second, results, prefix):# if first or second is an empty listif not first or not second:# ensuring that result is a CLONE and not a reference to prefixresult = prefix.copy() ### EDIT HERE TO DEEPCOPY# add result to first or/ and second listsif first:result += firstif second:result += second# append the weaved list which is result, to resultsresults.append(result)return # add result to first or/ and second lists  
    if first:  
        result += first  
    if second:  
        result += second  
    # append the weaved list which is result, to results  
    results.append(result)  
    return

# this would be the method as described in the textbook  
# first, remove and store first element of first\[\]  
headFirst = first.pop(0)  
# append to prefix  
prefix.append(headFirst)  
### add recursive call to operate on first\[\]  
weaveLists(first, second, results, prefix)   
# exit when first\[\] is empty

# reset prefix for second recursive call below by removing last element  
# IMPT to modify in-place  
del prefix\[-1\]   
# reset first\[\] for second recursive call below by adding back first element  
# IMPT to modify in-place  
first.insert(0,headFirst)

# do the same thing on the second\[\]  
headSecond = second.pop(0)  
prefix.append(headSecond)  
### add recursive call to operate on first\[\] and second\[\]  
weaveLists(first, second, results, prefix)  
del prefix\[-1\]  
second.insert(0,headSecond) We want the weaveList function to operate on subtrees and build up to the entire Tree. Hence, in general we would want weaveList to work on subtree 1 which is in blue, then the entire tree which is green. The code for allSequences is hence (with comments for explanation): def allSequences(node):# this is the final list of lists we want to outputresults = []# termination, append [] so that results will not be empty\# and the nested for loop will still execute since# leftSeq == [[]] and rightSeq == [[]] in terminationif not node:results.append([])return results # prefix will always be root of subtree  
prefix = \[\]  
prefix.append(node.v)  
# then represent the left and right subtrees  
leftSeq = allSequences(node.l)  
rightSeq = allSequences(node.r)

# nested for loop and call weaveLists on each list in  
# leftSeq and rightSeq, which are list of lists  
# and each represents results of each subtree  
for left in leftSeq:  
    for right in rightSeq:  
        # make weaved an empty list,   
        # which is results in weaveList  
        weaved = \[\]  
        weaveLists(left, right, weaved, prefix)  
        # weaved is list of lists generated by left\[\] and right\[\]  
        # add weaved list of lists to final   
        # results list of lists  
        results += weaved return results The main function to drive the program would be: if __name__ == "__main__": tree = Tree()  
  
tree.insert(20)  
tree.insert(10)  
tree.insert(25)  
tree.insert(5)  
tree.insert(15)

allSeq = allSequences(tree.getRoot())

for each in allSeq:  
    print (each)  
print (len(allSeq)) Copy all the code into one single script and run it to see results. The code is in Python3. Feel free to reach out for any comments, advice or questions.

BST Sequences in Python

Apparate: Early-Exit Models for ML Latency and Throughput Optimization - Conclusion, References

Moby-Dick; or The Whale, by Herman Melville is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here: . Chapter 85: The Fountain [LINK TO TABLE OF LINK] CHAPTER 85. The Fountain. That for six thousand years—and no one knows how many millions of ages before—the great whales should have been spouting all over the sea, and sprinkling and mistifying the gardens of the deep, as with so many sprinkling or mistifying pots; and that for some centuries back, thousands of hunters should have been close by the fountain of the whale, watching these sprinklings and spoutings—that all this should be, and yet, that down to this blessed minute (fifteen and a quarter minutes past one o’clock P.M. of this sixteenth day of December, A.D. 1851), it should still remain a problem, whether these spoutings are, after all, really water, or nothing but vapor—this is surely a noteworthy thing. Let us, then, look at this matter, along with some interesting items contingent. Every one knows that by the peculiar cunning of their gills, the finny tribes in general breathe the air which at all times is combined with the element in which they swim; hence, a herring or a cod might live a century, and never once raise its head above the surface. But owing to his marked internal structure which gives him regular lungs, like a human being’s, the whale can only live by inhaling the disengaged air in the open atmosphere. Wherefore the necessity for his periodical visits to the upper world. But he cannot in any degree breathe through his mouth, for, in his ordinary attitude, the Sperm Whale’s mouth is buried at least eight feet beneath the surface; and what is still more, his windpipe has no connexion with his mouth. No, he breathes through his spiracle alone; and this is on the top of his head. If I say, that in any creature breathing is only a function indispensable to vitality, inasmuch as it withdraws from the air a certain element, which being subsequently brought into contact with the blood imparts to the blood its vivifying principle, I do not think I shall err; though I may possibly use some superfluous scientific words. Assume it, and it follows that if all the blood in a man could be aerated with one breath, he might then seal up his nostrils and not fetch another for a considerable time. That is to say, he would then live without breathing. Anomalous as it may seem, this is precisely the case with the whale, who systematically lives, by intervals, his full hour and more (when at the bottom) without drawing a single breath, or so much as in any way inhaling a particle of air; for, remember, he has no gills. How is this? Between his ribs and on each side of his spine he is supplied with a remarkable involved Cretan labyrinth of vermicelli-like vessels, which vessels, when he quits the surface, are completely distended with oxygenated blood. So that for an hour or more, a thousand fathoms in the sea, he carries a surplus stock of vitality in him, just as the camel crossing the waterless desert carries a surplus supply of drink for future use in its four supplementary stomachs. The anatomical fact of this labyrinth is indisputable; and that the supposition founded upon it is reasonable and true, seems the more cogent to me, when I consider the otherwise inexplicable obstinacy of that leviathan in having his spoutings out, as the fishermen phrase it. This is what I mean. If unmolested, upon rising to the surface, the Sperm Whale will continue there for a period of time exactly uniform with all his other unmolested risings. Say he stays eleven minutes, and jets seventy times, that is, respires seventy breaths; then whenever he rises again, he will be sure to have his seventy breaths over again, to a minute. Now, if after he fetches a few breaths you alarm him, so that he sounds, he will be always dodging up again to make good his regular allowance of air. And not till those seventy breaths are told, will he finally go down to stay out his full term below. Remark, however, that in different individuals these rates are different; but in any one they are alike. Now, why should the whale thus insist upon having his spoutings out, unless it be to replenish his reservoir of air, ere descending for good? How obvious is it, too, that this necessity for the whale’s rising exposes him to all the fatal hazards of the chase. For not by hook or by net could this vast leviathan be caught, when sailing a thousand fathoms beneath the sunlight. Not so much thy skill, then, O hunter, as the great necessities that strike the victory to thee! In man, breathing is incessantly going on—one breath only serving for two or three pulsations; so that whatever other business he has to attend to, waking or sleeping, breathe he must, or die he will. But the Sperm Whale only breathes about one seventh or Sunday of his time. It has been said that the whale only breathes through his spout-hole; if it could truthfully be added that his spouts are mixed with water, then I opine we should be furnished with the reason why his sense of smell seems obliterated in him; for the only thing about him that at all answers to his nose is that identical spout-hole; and being so clogged with two elements, it could not be expected to have the power of smelling. But owing to the mystery of the spout—whether it be water or whether it be vapor—no absolute certainty can as yet be arrived at on this head. Sure it is, nevertheless, that the Sperm Whale has no proper olfactories. But what does he want of them? No roses, no violets, no Cologne-water in the sea. Furthermore, as his windpipe solely opens into the tube of his spouting canal, and as that long canal—like the grand Erie Canal—is furnished with a sort of locks (that open and shut) for the downward retention of air or the upward exclusion of water, therefore the whale has no voice; unless you insult him by saying, that when he so strangely rumbles, he talks through his nose. But then again, what has the whale to say? Seldom have I known any profound being that had anything to say to this world, unless forced to stammer out something by way of getting a living. Oh! happy that the world is such an excellent listener! Now, the spouting canal of the Sperm Whale, chiefly intended as it is for the conveyance of air, and for several feet laid along, horizontally, just beneath the upper surface of his head, and a little to one side; this curious canal is very much like a gas-pipe laid down in a city on one side of a street. But the question returns whether this gas-pipe is also a water-pipe; in other words, whether the spout of the Sperm Whale is the mere vapor of the exhaled breath, or whether that exhaled breath is mixed with water taken in at the mouth, and discharged through the spiracle. It is certain that the mouth indirectly communicates with the spouting canal; but it cannot be proved that this is for the purpose of discharging water through the spiracle. Because the greatest necessity for so doing would seem to be, when in feeding he accidentally takes in water. But the Sperm Whale’s food is far beneath the surface, and there he cannot spout even if he would. Besides, if you regard him very closely, and time him with your watch, you will find that when unmolested, there is an undeviating rhyme between the periods of his jets and the ordinary periods of respiration. But why pester one with all this reasoning on the subject? Speak out! You have seen him spout; then declare what the spout is; can you not tell water from air? My dear sir, in this world it is not so easy to settle these plain things. I have ever found your plain things the knottiest of all. And as for this whale spout, you might almost stand in it, and yet be undecided as to what it is precisely. The central body of it is hidden in the snowy sparkling mist enveloping it; and how can you certainly tell whether any water falls from it, when, always, when you are close enough to a whale to get a close view of his spout, he is in a prodigious commotion, the water cascading all around him. And if at such times you should think that you really perceived drops of moisture in the spout, how do you know that they are not merely condensed from its vapor; or how do you know that they are not those identical drops superficially lodged in the spout-hole fissure, which is countersunk into the summit of the whale’s head? For even when tranquilly swimming through the mid-day sea in a calm, with his elevated hump sun-dried as a dromedary’s in the desert; even then, the whale always carries a small basin of water on his head, as under a blazing sun you will sometimes see a cavity in a rock filled up with rain. Nor is it at all prudent for the hunter to be over curious touching the precise nature of the whale spout. It will not do for him to be peering into it, and putting his face in it. You cannot go with your pitcher to this fountain and fill it, and bring it away. For even when coming into slight contact with the outer, vapory shreds of the jet, which will often happen, your skin will feverishly smart, from the acridness of the thing so touching it. And I know one, who coming into still closer contact with the spout, whether with some scientific object in view, or otherwise, I cannot say, the skin peeled off from his cheek and arm. Wherefore, among whalemen, the spout is deemed poisonous; they try to evade it. Another thing; I have heard it said, and I do not much doubt it, that if the jet is fairly spouted into your eyes, it will blind you. The wisest thing the investigator can do then, it seems to me, is to let this deadly spout alone. Still, we can hypothesize, even if we cannot prove and establish. My hypothesis is this: that the spout is nothing but mist. And besides other reasons, to this conclusion I am impelled, by considerations touching the great inherent dignity and sublimity of the Sperm Whale; I account him no common, shallow being, inasmuch as it is an undisputed fact that he is never found on soundings, or near shores; all other whales sometimes are. He is both ponderous and profound. And I am convinced that from the heads of all ponderous profound beings, such as Plato, Pyrrho, the Devil, Jupiter, Dante, and so on, there always goes up a certain semi-visible steam, while in the act of thinking deep thoughts. While composing a little treatise on Eternity, I had the curiosity to place a mirror before me; and ere long saw reflected there, a curious involved worming and undulation in the atmosphere over my head. The invariable moisture of my hair, while plunged in deep thought, after six cups of hot tea in my thin shingled attic, of an August noon; this seems an additional argument for the above supposition. And how nobly it raises our conceit of the mighty, misty monster, to behold him solemnly sailing through a calm tropical sea; his vast, mild head overhung by a canopy of vapor, engendered by his incommunicable contemplations, and that vapor—as you will sometimes see it—glorified by a rainbow, as if Heaven itself had put its seal upon his thoughts. For, d’ye see, rainbows do not visit the clear air; they only irradiate vapor. And so, through all the thick mists of the dim doubts in my mind, divine intuitions now and then shoot, enkindling my fog with a heavenly ray. And for this I thank God; for all have doubts; many deny; but doubts or denials, few along with them, have intuitions. Doubts of all things earthly, and intuitions of some things heavenly; this combination makes neither believer nor infidel, but makes a man who regards them both with equal eye. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from Melville, Herman, 2001. Moby-Dick: or The Whale. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2701/2701-h/2701-h.htm#link2HCH0085 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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