Lightshipis in the Augmented Reality Industry

Lightship

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Lasers by Hal Hellman, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . LIGHT AND THE ATOM here LIGHT AND THE ATOM Since light waves have such high frequencies, a different mode of generation comes into play. We can no longer count on the controlled movement of free electrons atoms and molecules. Rather, light and all the radiations in the higher frequencies are generated by the movement of electrons atoms and molecules. outside inside Let us review momentarily the modern, albeit highly simplified, conception of an atom. Remember that no one has yet seen one. We describe the atom on the basis of how it acts, as well as how it reacts to things scientists do to it. For the present purpose, the best model we have of the atom is that of a miniature solar system, with a nucleus or heavy part at the center and a cloud of electrons dashing around the nucleus in fixed orbits. The term “fixed orbits” is used advisedly. Our planet moves in a certain orbit around the sun. If we attached a large enough rocket to the earth we theoretically move it closer to or farther away from the sun. In the atom, we have learned, this cannot be done. An electron can only exist in one of a certain number of fixed orbits; different kinds of atoms have different numbers of orbits. could We might think in terms of an elevator that can only stop at the various floors of an apartment building. Each upper floor is like an orbit of the electron. But you get nothing for nothing in the world of physics, and just as it takes energy to raise an elevator to a higher floor, it takes energy to move an electron to an outer orbit. Hence the atom is said to be raised to higher levels when an electron is nudged to an outer orbit. The energy input can be of many different kinds. Examples are heat, pressure, electrical current, chemical energy, and various forms of electromagnetic radiation. If too much energy is put into the elevator it goes flying out the roof. If too much energy is put into the atom, one or more of its electrons will go flying out of the atom. This is called , and the atom, now minus one of its negative electrons and therefore positively charged, is called a positive . energy ionization ion But if the amount of energy is put into the atom, one of its electrons will merely be raised to a higher energy level. Shown in , for instance, are the ground state (Circle No. 1) and two possible higher energy levels. As you can see there are three possible transitions. right Figure 9 Figure 9 Schematic representation of the electron orbits and energy levels of an atom. Each circle represents a separate possible orbit and each arrow a possible energy level difference. The higher energy levels are abnormal, or excited, states, however, and the electron will shortly fall back to its normal (ground state) orbit (assuming some other electron has not fallen into it first). In order for the electron to do this (go back to its normal orbit), it must give off the energy it has acquired. This it does in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The energy difference between the two levels will determine what kind of radiation is emitted, for there is a direct correlation between energy and frequency. If the energy difference between the two levels is such that the frequency of emitted radiation is roughly between 10¹⁴ and 10¹⁵ cycles per second, we see the radiation as light. When more energy is added, the radiation emerges as ultraviolet or X rays. In other words the higher the energy difference, the higher the frequency, and vice versa. Thus it is that cosmic rays, with the highest frequencies known to man, can pass right through us as if we weren’t there. This simple picture of energy levels and associated frequencies doesn’t quite hold for ordinary white light, however. Such light is generally produced by a process called incandescence, which results from the heating of a material until it glows. True, the atoms of the incandescent material are being raised to higher energy levels by chemical energy (as in fire), electricity (light bulb), or nuclear energy (the sun). In a hot solid, however, the explanation becomes more complicated. Many different electronic configurations are possible and the differences in energy among the various levels (which can be many more than the three shown in ) vary only slightly from one another. The result is a wide band of radiation. Figure 9 Thus, while the incandescent electric bulb is a great advance over fire, it is still a very inefficient source of light. Because it depends upon incandescence, a considerable portion of the electrical input goes into the production of unwanted heat, for the bulb’s filament radiates in the infrared as well as the visible region. For providing illumination, the fluorescent tube is far more efficient than the incandescent lamp: a 40-watt fluorescent tube gives as much light as a 150-watt incandescent light. This is because its radiation is more controlled, operating more in accord with our description of electronic energy levels. Hence more of its output is in the desired visual region of the spectrum. In certain types of lighting, particular energy level changes may predominate, leading to the characteristic colors of neon tubes and vapor lamps. Although the resulting radiation bandwidth is narrow enough in these devices to appear as a definite color instead of the broad spectrum we know as white, it is still quite broad. In other words, the radiation is still frequency incoherent—and it is still spatially incoherent. To understand this, let us return for a moment to the group of radio antennas we showed in . All of them, you will recall, could be made to radiate in phase. In the production of light, however, each antenna is replaced by a single atom! Figure 8 This creates two problems. First, because the energy stored in the atom is quite small, it comes out not as a continuous wave but as a tiny packet of radiation—a . It has an effect more like the hack of an ax than the buzz of a power saw. photon Second, atoms are notoriously “individualistic”. When a batch of atoms in a material has been raised to higher energy levels there is no way to know in what order, or in what direction, they will release their energy. This kind of process is called , since each atom “makes up its own mind”. All we know is that within a certain period of time—a short period, to be sure—a certain percentage of these higher energy atoms will release their photons. spontaneous emission Figure 10 Ordinary light is a jumble of frequencies, directions, and phases. What we have, then, is incoherent radiation—a jumble of frequencies (or colors), directions, and phases. Such light, symbolized in , works well enough in lighting up this page, but is almost worthless as a carrier of information (and in other ways, as we shall see shortly). About the best that can be done with it is to turn it on and off in a sort of visual Morse code, which is exactly what is done on the blinker communication systems sometimes used for ship-to-ship communication. Figure 10 In other words, ordinary light cannot be modulated as radio waves can. It is of interest to note, however, that ordinary white light be made coherent, to some extent, but at a very high cost in the intensity of the light. For example, we might first pass the light through a series of filters, each of which would subtract some portion of the spectrum, until only the desired wavelength came through. As can be seen in , only a small fraction of the original light would be left. can Figure 11 Figure 11 Obtaining coherent radiation the hard way. Filters and pinhole block all but a small amount of the original radiation. Incoherent Filters Coherent in time Pinhole Coherent in time and space We would then have monochromatic (one color) light, which is temporally coherent radiation, but it would still be spatially incoherent. In our diagram, we show three monochromatic waves. If we then passed this light through a tiny pinhole as shown, most of these few remaining waves would be blocked; the ones that got through would be pretty much in step. (In a similar manner, a true point source of light would produce spatially coherent radiation; but, as in the process described here, there wouldn’t be very much of it.) We have, finally, obtained coherent light. The important thing about the laser is that, by its very nature, it produces coherent light automatically. Now.... About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Hal Hellman (2021). Laser. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65512/pg65512-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

LIGHT AND THE ATOM

Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . I FORM MY RESOLUTION here CHAPTER III: I FORM MY RESOLUTION Three seconds before the arrival of J. B. Hobson’s letter, I no more thought of pursuing the unicorn than of attempting the passage of the North Sea. Three seconds after reading the letter of the honourable Secretary of Marine, I felt that my true vocation, the sole end of my life, was to chase this disturbing monster, and purge it from the world. But I had just returned from a fatiguing journey, weary and longing for repose. I aspired to nothing more than again seeing my country, my friends, my little lodging by the Jardin des Plantes, my dear and precious collections. But nothing could keep me back! I forgot all—fatigue, friends and collections—and accepted without hesitation the offer of the American Government. “Besides,” thought I, “all roads lead back to Europe (for my particular benefit), and I will not hurry me towards the coast of France. This worthy animal may allow itself to be caught in the seas of Europe (for my particular benefit), and I will not bring back less than half a yard of his ivory halberd to the Museum of Natural History.” But in the meanwhile I must seek this narwhal in the North Pacific Ocean, which, to return to France, was taking the road to the antipodes. “Conseil,” I called in an impatient voice. Conseil was my servant, a true, devoted Flemish boy, who had accompanied me in all my travels. I liked him, and he returned the liking well. He was phlegmatic by nature, regular from principle, zealous from habit, evincing little disturbance at the different surprises of life, very quick with his hands, and apt at any service required of him; and, despite his name, never giving advice—even when asked for it. Conseil had followed me for the last ten years wherever science led. Never once did he complain of the length or fatigue of a journey, never make an objection to pack his portmanteau for whatever country it might be, or however far away, whether China or Congo. Besides all this, he had good health, which defied all sickness, and solid muscles, but no nerves; good morals are understood. This boy was thirty years old, and his age to that of his master as fifteen to twenty. May I be excused for saying that I was forty years old? But Conseil had one fault: he was ceremonious to a degree, and would never speak to me but in the third person, which was sometimes provoking. “Conseil,” said I again, beginning with feverish hands to make preparations for my departure. Certainly I was sure of this devoted boy. As a rule, I never asked him if it were convenient for him or not to follow me in my travels; but this time the expedition in question might be prolonged, and the enterprise might be hazardous in pursuit of an animal capable of sinking a frigate as easily as a nutshell. Here there was matter for reflection even to the most impassive man in the world. What would Conseil say? “Conseil,” I called a third time. Conseil appeared. “Did you call, sir?” said he, entering. “Yes, my boy; make preparations for me and yourself too. We leave in two hours.” “As you please, sir,” replied Conseil, quietly. “Not an instant to lose;—lock in my trunk all travelling utensils, coats, shirts, and stockings—without counting, as many as you can, and make haste.” “And your collections, sir?” observed Conseil. “We will think of them by and by.” “What! the archiotherium, the hyracotherium, the oreodons, the cheropotamus, and the other skins?” “They will keep them at the hotel.” “And your live Babiroussa, sir?” “They will feed it during our absence; besides, I will give orders to forward our menagerie to France.” “We are not returning to Paris, then?” said Conseil. “Oh! certainly,” I answered, evasively, “by making a curve.” “Will the curve please you, sir?” “Oh! it will be nothing; not quite so direct a road, that is all. We take our passage in the .” Abraham Lincoln “As you think proper, sir,” coolly replied Conseil. “You see, my friend, it has to do with the monster—the famous narwhal. We are going to purge it from the seas. The author of a work in quarto in two volumes, on the ‘Mysteries of the Great Submarine Grounds’ cannot forbear embarking with Commander Farragut. A glorious mission, but a dangerous one! We cannot tell where we may go; these animals can be very capricious. But we will go whether or no; we have got a captain who is pretty wide-awake.” I opened a credit account for Babiroussa, and, Conseil following, I jumped into a cab. Our luggage was transported to the deck of the frigate immediately. I hastened on board and asked for Commander Farragut. One of the sailors conducted me to the poop, where I found myself in the presence of a good-looking officer, who held out his hand to me. “Monsieur Pierre Aronnax?” said he. “Himself,” replied I; “Commander Farragut?” “You are welcome, Professor; your cabin is ready for you.” I bowed, and desired to be conducted to the cabin destined for me. The had been well chosen and equipped for her new destination. She was a frigate of great speed, fitted with high-pressure engines which admitted a pressure of seven atmospheres. Under this the attained the mean speed of nearly eighteen knots and a third an hour—a considerable speed, but, nevertheless, insufficient to grapple with this gigantic cetacean. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln The interior arrangements of the frigate corresponded to its nautical qualities. I was well satisfied with my cabin, which was in the after part, opening upon the gunroom. “We shall be well off here,” said I to Conseil. “As well, by your honour’s leave, as a hermit-crab in the shell of a whelk,” said Conseil. I left Conseil to stow our trunks conveniently away, and remounted the poop in order to survey the preparations for departure. At that moment Commander Farragut was ordering the last moorings to be cast loose which held the to the pier of Brooklyn. So in a quarter of an hour, perhaps less, the frigate would have sailed without me. I should have missed this extraordinary, supernatural, and incredible expedition, the recital of which may well meet with some scepticism. Abraham Lincoln But Commander Farragut would not lose a day nor an hour in scouring the seas in which the animal had been sighted. He sent for the engineer. “Is the steam full on?” asked he. “Yes, sir,” replied the engineer. “Go ahead,” cried Commander Farragut. The quay of Brooklyn, and all that part of New York bordering on the East River, was crowded with spectators. Three cheers burst successively from five hundred thousand throats; thousands of handkerchiefs were waved above the heads of the compact mass, saluting the , until she reached the waters of the Hudson, at the point of that elongated peninsula which forms the town of New York. Then the frigate, following the coast of New Jersey along the right bank of the beautiful river, covered with villas, passed between the forts, which saluted her with their heaviest guns. The answered by hoisting the American colours three times, whose thirty-nine stars shone resplendent from the mizzen-peak; then modifying its speed to take the narrow channel marked by buoys placed in the inner bay formed by Sandy Hook Point, it coasted the long sandy beach, where some thousands of spectators gave it one final cheer. The escort of boats and tenders still followed the frigate, and did not leave her until they came abreast of the lightship, whose two lights marked the entrance of New York Channel. Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Six bells struck, the pilot got into his boat, and rejoined the little schooner which was waiting under our lee, the fires were made up, the screw beat the waves more rapidly, the frigate skirted the low yellow coast of Long Island; and at eight bells, after having lost sight in the north-west of the lights of Fire Island, she ran at full steam on to the dark waters of the Atlantic. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1994). Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/164/164-h/164-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

I FORM MY RESOLUTION

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT IN WARFARE

It was during the morning of July 6, 2137

Ever just be in the right place at the right time? After a successful LinkedIn event in Cincinnati, I was catching up over coffee with . Anisha Bailey became the forefront of conversation.  As we discussed further, we  wondered, is this local event or is it happening across the nation? Only Cincinnati? Why? After this and other such questions, I quickly secured a press pass to see this for myself. Black Tech Week And I’m glad that I did.  Walking in to the iconic Music Hall of downtown Cincinnati, it was sort of like a black SXSW wonderland.  And a clear showcase of what black excellence can be. and have been helping the region blossom in more ways than one. In addition to founding , they purchased the Black Tech Week event and brought it to Cincinnati. According to Brian, attendance reached an impressive 2,000 conference goers. In his words: “I have to say, Black Tech Week was well beyond even our team’s expectations. The energy was palpable. People are still telling me, 2 weeks later, how they met their CTO, COO, new investors, and tribe.” Candice Matthews Brackeen Brian Brackeen Lightship Foundation Tulsa Representation It was wonderful to see a significant black tech contingent representing Tulsa, Oklahoma, given how Tulsa had been home to a prosperous black community known as Black Wall Street some generations ago. (For those of you unfamiliar with the story, may be helpful.) this resource What's inspiring is that my new friend Tyrance Billingsley II, the Founder and Executive Director of , is on his way to rebuilding Black Wall Street as a tech innovation hub. Black Tech Street I had the pleasure of speaking with Tyrance about the event. In his words: “I have been to Black Tech Week before, but this one was my favorite. Being able to meet with tons of Black Innovators and Founders from across the country in a city as beautiful as Cincinnati was a special experience. I got a ton of new perspectives on my work and how I can leverage the Black Tech Week platform to support the Black Tech movement nationally!” The Greater Cincinnati / Louisville Representation Being a long time resident of Louisville prior to moving to the Queen City of Cincinnati, it was like a tech family reunion, getting to see such friends particularly who recently came out of stealth, with Captain raising $104 million, , and of Kare Mobile. Demetrius Gray Kela Ivonye Dr. Kwane Watson Dr. Watson commented: “It is an honor to be among so many amazing entrepreneurs, it is refreshing to hear their stories and learn from their experiences.  Black Tech Week exceeded my expectations, and I look forward to attending them in the future!” Going full circle, I reached back out to Anisha Bailey for her perspective on how the event transpired: "Black Tech Week brought to Cincinnati the kind of excellence and opportunities that can help black and brown communities reimagine what's possible. A relatively small subset of the African diaspora descended upon Cincinnati with the kind of energy that infuses confidence and collaboration within our naturally ambitious and innovative culture, and I am proud to have been a part of such an incredible experience. I am excited to see the growth in attendance next year, with more of our local students and professionals having an opportunity to be inspired into the kind of action that enhances our collective growth within Cincinnati and beyond."

Recap: Black Tech Week's Smashing Success in Cincinnati

Enhancing Cross-Chain Communication The goal of Photon is to solve the issues that are caused by interoperability by enabling decentralized apps (dApps) to communicate with one another in a seamless way across many blockchains. This is true independent of whether or not the blockchains in question are based on Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) architectures. This objective is accomplished by the company via the provision of high-speed communications services that connect more than 15 blockchains. Furthermore, the company has aspirations to grow this network even further in the year to come. Introduction to Photon's Cross-Chain Messaging A new breakthrough is likely to make it simpler for decentralized applications (dApps) to communicate with one another across various blockchain networks. This is due to the fact that blockchain technology is always experiencing advancements. Recent experiments have shown that the Photon cross-chain message that Entangle is developing, which will be made available along with the mainnet of Entangle, is the most efficient signaling protocol in the Web3 environment. The company's innovative approach to cross-chain communications was what made this significant improvement in communication possible. It is a new feature known as "transmitter Agents" that is at the heart of the Photon protocol's ability to minimize the amount of time it takes for blocks to be created and to make the transaction process move more smoothly. The Need for Speed and Efficiency There are a plethora of independent networks that make up the world of blockchain technology. Each of these networks operates under its own set of restrictions. The concept that the value of a smart contract is directly proportional to the degree of its communication capabilities is the philosophical foundation upon which Photon's design philosophy is founded. It is very necessary to have effective communication throughout the various chains in order to make full advantage of the potential offered by Web3 technologies. Enhanced user experiences and more decentralized application capabilities will be made possible as a result of this occurrence. Technical Insights The Transmitter Agent framework is responsible for the technological foundations of Photon's high-speed messaging. This framework makes use of a distributed network of agents to identify and propose cross-chain communications in a proactive manner. Through collaborative efforts, these agents are able to reach an agreement on the authenticity of messages, which enables them to swiftly finish transactions that include many chains. In order to maintain a flexible infrastructure that can accommodate the ever-changing nature of blockchain activities, Photon has implemented lightweight off-chain components and decreased the amount of time it takes for blocks to be generated. Furthermore, developers are granted the liberty to design their own unique consensus thresholds, which further optimizes the validation process in order to enable complicated processes and provide a wide range of functionality. Photon's strategy for ensuring fast and reliable transfers is predicated on the optimized design of the Transmitter Agents, which are strategically distributed to facilitate rapid event capture and proposal submission. This design choice allows for quicker consensus among Transmitter Agents and timely execution of cross-chain messages. Overview of Entangle With the goal of creating a data infrastructure that is entirely adaptive and interoperable, Entangle is a larger project that wants to attract both Web3 applications and existing organizations. The instant supply of photon is not the only thing that this effort does. Entangle's goal is to provide blockchain-based applications and ecosystems communication channels for smart contracts that are not only cost-effective but also secure, interoperable, and allow quick transmission. This will be accomplished via the use of Photon as the company's flagship protocol. There are a wide range of real-world data sources that might potentially be affected by such a data solution. These include, but are not limited to, financial markets, digital asset exchanges, sports, gaming, and a great lot of other examples. Through the provision of developers with the capacity to access and interact with a broad variety of permitted data, Entangle is marketing itself as a supplier of complete data solutions in the Web3 area. Entangle is making this effort as part of its overall strategy to strengthen its position in the industry. Conclusion Photon offers fast speeds, freedom, and security, which will help Web3 dApps reach more people and work better. Photon wants to speed up the creation of a blockchain network environment that is more connected and flexible. Entangle wants to make cross-chain DeFi easier and better for all users. This shows that it is committed to making decentralized technology better and easier to use. Adding these kinds of unique rules will change blockchain and the digital market as it grows. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our brand-as-author program. Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking, the author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR

Cross-Chain Communication Hits Lightspeed with Entangle's Photon

Introduction: In the realm of modern retail, a point-of-sale (POS) system is the beating heart of any business. It manages sales, inventory, customer interactions, and more. Two prominent contenders in the POS arena are the Lightspeed R-Series POS and VendHQ ( ). Lightspeed X Series POS Each offers a unique set of features designed to enhance the retail experience. In this in-depth comparison, we’ll explore the strengths and nuances of both systems to help you make an informed decision for your business. Lightspeed R-Series POS: Elevating Retail Management The Lightspeed R Series POS is a testament to innovation and adaptability in the retail sector. Engineered with cutting-edge technology, this system offers a plethora of tools to streamline operations and optimize customer interactions. Seamless Inventory Management: The R-Series POS excels in inventory management, allowing you to monitor stock levels, set up alerts for low inventory, and even reorder products seamlessly. The system’s intelligent analytics provide insights into sales trends, enabling you to make informed restocking decisions. Customer-Centric Features: With the R-Series, you can build robust customer profiles that include purchase history, preferences, and contact information. This enables personalized interactions and targeted marketing campaigns, fostering customer loyalty and satisfaction. Versatile Payment Options: The R-Series supports multiple payment methods, including credit/debit cards, mobile wallets, and contactless payments. This flexibility enhances the shopping experience and caters to a wide range of customer preferences. VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS: Simplicity and Scalability VendHQ, part of the Lightspeed X Series, is a cloud-based POS solution that emphasizes user-friendliness and scalability. Designed for businesses of all sizes, it empowers retailers to manage their operations efficiently. Cloud-Based Convenience: VendHQ’s cloud-based architecture ensures that your data is accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. This feature is especially beneficial for multi-location businesses or those with an online presence. Intuitive Interface: The X-Series POS prides itself on its user-friendly interface, making it easy for staff to learn and use the system effectively. Minimal training is required, enabling a smooth onboarding process for new employees. Add-On Integrations: VendHQ offers an array of integrations with third-party applications such as accounting software, e-commerce platforms, and CRM systems. This ecosystem allows you to tailor the POS system to your specific business needs. You can also use third-party applications like SKUPlugs to integrate the POS systems with marketplaces. SKUPlugs provides integration for both platforms with major e-commerce platforms like Shopify, Woocommerce, Bigcommerce, Wix, Magento, Squarespace, Amazon, Walmart, and Farfetch etc. Conclusion: Choosing the Right POS for Your Business Selecting between the and VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS hinges on your business requirements and priorities. The R-Series excels in robust inventory management and customer engagement, making it ideal for businesses seeking a comprehensive solution. Lightspeed R-Series POS On the other hand, VendHQ’s cloud-based simplicity and scalability cater to businesses aiming for a streamlined yet adaptable POS system. Both systems reflect Lightspeed’s commitment to innovation and customer satisfaction. Ultimately, your choice should align with your business goals, size, and operations. Whichever you choose, embracing the power of a Lightspeed POS system can undoubtedly elevate your retail management game, leading to enhanced customer experiences and operational efficiency. - Original Source Lightspeed R-Series Vs X-Series Comparison

Lightspeed R-Series POS Vs. VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS: What to Know About Each

POS Lightspeed Serie R vs. POS VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series): una comparación completa

Lightspeed R-Series POS vs. VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS : une comparaison complète

लाइटस्पीड आर-सीरीज़ पीओएस बनाम। वेंडएचक्यू (लाइटस्पीड एक्स-सीरीज़) पीओएस: एक व्यापक तुलना

Lightspeed R シリーズ POS との比較VendHQ (Lightspeed X シリーズ) POS: 包括的な比較

POS Lightspeed Série R vs. VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS: uma comparação abrangente

Lightspeed R-Series POS Vs. VendHQ (Lightspeed X-Series) POS: So sánh toàn diện

Lightspeed R 系列 POS 对比VendHQ（Lightspeed X 系列）POS：综合比较

People want to get their websites or applications up and running as quickly as possible. With Amazon Lightsail, we are able to deploy our web server, install & configure Git, clone our GitHub repo, and enable our web services with less than 2 minutes of work. Don’t believe me? Check this out! First, what is Amazon Lightsail? Amazon Lightsail is an easy-to-use service that provides Virtual Private Servers (VPS) with CPU, Memory, Storage, and Data Transfer Allowances at a predictable monthly price, with the cheapest being $3.50/month! Another benefit of Lightsail is that you can choose either a bare Operating System or an application blueprint to help you get up and running faster. Some application blueprints offered include: WordPress, PrestaShop, GhostCMS, Adobe Magento, LAMP stack, MEAN stack, etc. Let’s Do this in less than 2 minutes! First, we head into the Amazon Lightsail ( ) and choose our blueprint. I chose Amazon Linux 2. https://www.amazonlightsail.com Next, and this part is what saves us a LOT of time, we’ll use a Launch Script. This is a run-once script that will be executed after Lightsail deploys your instance. In this case with Amazon Linux 2 we use the following script: sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y git
sudo yum install -y httpd.x86_64
sudo systemctl start httpd.service
sudo systemctl enable httpd.service

git clone https://github.com/lightsail-demo-environment/dimension-public

sudo mv ./dimension-public/* /var/www/html/ This script updates the packages library, installs Git, installs apache, starts the apache service, adds it to run on startup in case our instance is rebooted, clones my website repo, and then moves the files into my web directory. If your GitHub repo is private, You’ll need to authenticate to your private repo in the CLI to clone the files. Will create a post about that another day. We then choose an instance size. As you saw in the first image under ‘What is Amazon Lightsail’ you’ll notice that Lightsail has 7 different instance sizes. Depending on the needs of your site, you can choose the corresponding instance size. (You can always upgrade to a bigger size later if needed). Give your instance a name and add any tags you’d like. Tags are meant to help identify workloads depending on your needs. Click ‘Create Instance’ Your Website will begin deploying. Once it’s deployed you’ll see that it is ‘Running’ and has an IP address. This is not a static IP, but a static IP can easily be attached in the next (optional) step (Optional) Add a Static IP to your website If you want to add a static IP, Lightsail makes it easy to generate the IP and attach it to your instance. Once you click on your instance, click the ‘Networking’ tab Click ‘Attach static IP’ Click ‘Create Static IP’ Give your static IP a name, then click ‘Create’ Your static IP is now created and assigned to your instance. We can then copy-and-paste the IP address into our browser and see that our website is up and running. FREEBIE As I said in the title, there is a freebie here too if this is your first time trying Amazon Lightsail. Head on over and sign up to use the service and get your first 3-months free (if you choose one of the associated instance types). Let me know what you think!

Install and Configure Git on Amazon Lightsail, and Deploy Your Website in Minutes! (Freebie Inside)

In this article we’ll go over how to migrate an entire Wordpress site with the Duplicator plugin. In this example, my client has a Wordpress Managed Hosting plan with Godaddy and would like to migrate his site to a AWS Lightsail Instance. The first thing we are going to do is login to our current website via FTP (I use FileZilla for my FTP client) and download the wp-content directory. This may take a while depending on how big your site is. Once you’ve downloaded the folder, go to your current websites WP-Admin dashboard and go to add a new plugin. Search for and install the duplicator plugin. Activate Duplicator. Once active, you should see Duplicator should show up in the left toolbar. Check out the quick start guide for reference: https://snapcreek.com/duplicator/docs/quick-start#quick-060-q This is how you create a package (remember we are doing the “Database Only” method): Goto Duplicator ❯ Packages ❯ click "Create New" button On Step 1 Setup ❯ Archive ❯ check "Archive Only the Database" Build package then download installer and archive files Once you’ve done this you should be able to download 2 files, one is a .daf extension, that is your database the other is an installer.php file that you will upload to your new server so that Duplicator can install the DB. Now login to the AWS console: and set up your Lightsail instance: https://console.aws.amazon.com Choose a plan (I chose the $5/month plan) Name and create your instance: Go to Home -> Networking and create a static ip and attach it to your new instance Go back to your instances, then open up the terminal by clicking the orange “terminal” icon next to the 3 dots. Once you are in the terminal, use this command to find your login credentials: sudo cat /home/bitnami/bitnami_credentials Take note of these credentials, you will use these to login to Wordpress on your website. For example you can now go to and login with these credentials. https://[your-static-ip-here]/wp-admin While we are here in the terminal, let’s make sure that permissions and users are set correctly for when we want to upload our website files via FTP: sudo chown -R bitnami:daemon /opt/bitnami/apps/wordpress/htdocs/wp-content/ Let’s now connect to our Lightsail instance via FTP, we want to do this so we can easily upload files. I’ll show you how I connect a Lightsail instance with Filezilla. Go to your Lightsail console: https://lightsail.aws.amazon.com/ls/webapp/home/instances Click on your Wordpress Instance At the bottom take note of the ip address, the user name, and click the link into the account page to download your private key file Now open up the FileZilla site manager, the icon on the top left of your application. Click on “New Site” on the bottom left of the window. On the top right, switch the protocol to SFTP. For the “Host” enter the ip address of your server. For the user type “bitnami” for the logon type choose “Key file” and browse to the .pem file you downloaded in the previous steps Connect to your site Navigate to the apps -> wordpress -> htdocs folder Upload the two files that we downloaded from Duplicator plugin, the .daf database file and the installer.php file to this directory. Now open up your favorite browser (I use chrome) and navigate to http://your-server-ip-address/installer.php Check that all the requirements pass, I encountered an issue with the permissions of my wp-config.php file. I edited the permissions by right clicking the file and adding “write” capability to the group: The override install notice is fine, that just means we are overwriting our current WP site which is empty. Check the boxes and click continue Next the Duplicator plugin will ask you to confirm that you want to override the current Database Confirm and click OK then Next This next step is important, Duplicator will update all links and assets such as images from your old server ip address to the new one. You can leave this with your new server ip if you would like, but I’ve had issues linking assets back with this before, so we are routing to the ip address. I prefer to change all references to the domain name When you are satisfied with the setting, click next Duplicator will install the Database of your old website Next upload the wp-content directory we downloaded in the first step to replace the old wp-content Now go to your domain DNS settings, change the @ or A record to the IP address of your new server ip address To get an SSL certificate working for your bitnami wordpress instance, it’s super easy. Use the bncert-tool outlined here: Notice how I used https:// in the url of my data for Duplicator. https://docs.bitnami.com/aws/how-to/generate-install-lets-encrypt-ssl/ Once that is done, your site should be completely migrated to your new server. One last thing there is to do, is in on the AWS Lightsail Bitnami wordpress, there is always a little icon in the corner To remove this icon login to your lightsail and SSH into your instance - then use this command: sudo /opt/bitnami/apps/APPNAME/bnconfig --disable_banner 1 Replace APPNAME with wordpress to disable the banner. Restart your instance and you should be good to go. Login to your sites wp-admin and remove the duplicator installation files from your root directory and your finished! Also published on Medium's wesleybaxterhuber

WordPress Site Migration To AWS Lightsail With Duplicator

Lightsail is an easy-to-use alternative to EC2, offering everything you need to build websites and simple web applications. is a simpler alternative to EC2 that offers all the tools you need to build websites and small scale web applications. Lightsail was introduced by Amazon to help new users get started quickly with AWS since EC2 required considerable effort and expertise for setup and configuration. AWS Lightsail The core selling points of Lightsail are its monthly pricing model and an easy-to-use interface. If you have used EC2 before, you might be aware that EC2 prices can spiral out of control (if you are not careful). Lightsail offers a fixed pricing model along with other options like managed databases and static IP addresses. In this article, we will dive deep into the pros, cons and a few use cases of AWS Lightsail. PROS Fixed Pricing Model A server with a fixed pricing model was a game-changer for AWS since customers often complained of unexpected EC2 bills even in their development environments. In EC2, all it takes is some bad code that can use up substantial computing power and surprise you with a $1000 bill. Lightsail eliminates this problem by presenting you with a fixed monthly cost for the resources that your application can consume. Pricing ranges from $3.5 to $160 per month where the latter offers 32 gigs of ram and 640 GB SSD. You can also attach more storage space in addition to the capacity available in your chosen monthly plan. A fixed pricing model is also helpful for startups and individual developers working on MPVs to keep costs under control. Scalable (Manually) Fixed monthly pricing does not mean fixed computing power. Lightsail instances can be moved up or down, thanks to the option to migrate between instances. As your blog or application grows and starts consuming more resources, you can switch between the Lightsail plans and upgrade to higher RAMs and storage capacity. Even though this is not a one-click seamless operation, Lightsail still allows you to without any loss of data. move your application to a larger / smaller instance Lightsail also offers the option to move your instance to EC2, if your application outgrows a Lightsail instance. Your existing instance can be ported to a larger EC2 instance where you can use higher computing power and custom environment configurations. Easy User Interface If you have ever created a virtual server on EC2 or any other cloud provider, chances are, you will love the user interface of Lightsail. Lightsail offers all core configuration options as simple clickable choices that usually take hours for a developer or system administrator to set up. This is an important value proposition, especially for beginners and startups who cannot afford a professional to help them create and configure a server for their application. Unlike EC2, all it takes is a few clicks to get a server up and running in AWS Lightsail. Simple Networking Setting up proper networking is a challenge by itself, especially when it comes to static IPs and DNS configurations. Thanks to Lightsail, those configurations can be modified with a few clicks within the Lightsail dashboard. Static IPs can be created and attached to your Lightsail instances from the ‘Networking’ tab. You can also configure custom domains to your static IPs within the Lightsail dashboard. Managed Databases Lightsail also provides managed databases that you can attach to your instances. Unlike databases created within your Lightsail server, managed databases provide automatic backups and scaling. You can add and configure a managed database from the Lightsail dashboard under the ‘Databases’ tab. Lightsail offers different versions of MySQL and PostgreSQL databases that you can connect to your website/app. If you are a fan of DynamoDB, you can connect your application to your DynamoDB database using the . AWS SDK Cons Not suitable for enterprise workloads With the ease of use comes a few trade-offs. Lightsail is perfect for websites and small scale applications, but it is not recommended for enterprise-level workloads. Unlike EC2 or AWS lambda which can scale based on incoming requests, Lightsail can only work with the computing power that you have purchased. Even though you have the option to move to a larger instance on Lightsail, it does not happen automatically. Use Lightsail only for applications where you can afford downtime. If your application is used by thousands of users on a regular basis, it is recommended that you stick to EC2. Use Cases Blogs Lightsail instances are great for running a blog, especially a WordPress blog. Lightsail gives you pre-configured WordPress instances which you can create with a few clicks. Here is a from the AWS team on how you can create a WordPress blog using Lightsail. great tutorial Dev / Test environments Lightsail is a great choice for setting up a DevOps pipeline where you can build your staging servers using Lightsail. Staging / Test servers don’t require the same compute capacity as a production instance, so you can let your team play with new features of your products on your staging instance before deploying it live. Simple Web Applications Lightsail is not recommended for large scale applications, but you can certainly build smaller apps on your Lightsail instances. Lightsail also comes with pre-configured stacks like the MEAN stack and content management systems like Drupal and Joomla. You can also use Lightsail to host your RESTful APIs by choosing to install just Node.js. Conclusion AWS Lightsail is a brilliant service from Amazon that helps you get started with the AWS infrastructure quickly. Lightsail offers servers at a fixed monthly price along with networking and managed database options embedded into an easy to use interface. Lightsail is not recommended for enterprise-level workloads due to its lack of auto-scaling capabilities, but it is definitely a great choice for hosting WordPress blogs, API servers, and staging environments. Resources Lightsail FAQ: https://aws.amazon.com/lightsail/faq Hope you enjoyed the article. If you have any questions, let me know in the comments. You can also to receive a summary of articles once a week. signup for my newsletter

AWS Lightsail: The Why, Hows, and Whats

If you are new to AWS and looking to deploy some servers for your applications then AWS Lightsail may be the best starting point for you. Unlike Amazon EC2, you are given a nice interface where you can select preconfigured plans that may cover most of your use cases. Just with 3–4 clicks you can launch a WordPress website running on Linux server. You also don’t have to worry about determining the cost since the cost is fixed monthly. Along with servers, you can also create databases, load balancers, and storage on Lightsail. Now let’s get practical and quickly launch a Node server with Lightsail! Launching an Instance First, log into your AWS console and in the tab under you will find Lightsail. Click on it, it will open the Lightsail dashboard in a new tab. All Services Compute Lightsail create instance page 2. Now you can select the region in which you want to create your instance (server). Normally, the closer your instance is to your users, the lower is the latency and faster is the connection. Here, I have selected the Mumbai region since its closest to my location. Pick OS and Apps 3. Next step is to select the instance image (OS and application). For the Linux platform, you can either select only OS where you have the option to choose from Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, CentOS or Amazon Linux. Or you can select an application along with OS. When you select an application, AWS automatically installs all the necessary packages and files needed to work with that application so you don’t have to install them yourself. For Windows Server, currently, the only available app is SQL server. For the Apps, I will be selecting Node.js here, you can select anything else if you like. Lightsail Instance pricing 4. In the optional section above you can add a launch script, this is a shell script that will run on the instance the first time it launches. If you have deployed an EC2 instance in the past then you may recall that it resembles with the there. User data You can use this script to do some configuration on the instance. By default, Lightsail uses a default ssh key pair for your Linux instances. You can use this ssh key to connect to your instance using SSH via command line. Now, its time to choose an instance plan. You can see the different fixed price available plans. If you are trying for the first time then you can use the first plan worth $3.5 free for one month. Name and tag your instance 5. You can give your instance a unique name if you would like. You can also give tags to your instances to easily filter them or organize them for billings and analysis purposes. Now click on button to create your first Lightsail instance! Create Instance Lightsail instance dashboard Within a few minutes, your server will be deployed and you will see something like above. Click on it to view additional details. Node instance details You can see that the status is running and just below it you can see the Public IP of the instance. If you paste it in the address bar of your browser it will show you a similar page like below. Accessing website using Public IP of the instance Now you can SSH into your instance and deploy your code. Don’t forget to terminate your instance if you are not using it anymore. You can terminate the instance by going to the tab in the above screenshot. Delete If you want to learn how to SSH into your instance and upload your code, you can check out the following article Deploying a Node App on Amazon EC2 . If you have any questions, please comment below. Thanks for reading this article. If you liked it, please give a few claps so it reaches more people who would love it!

What is Amazon Lightsail?

WordPress is now the most dominant CMS (Content Management System) on the market — standing head and shoulders above the competition with a good chunk of the marketshare (59.7% according to ). While they are multiple hosting solutions to build your WordPress/WooCommerce website. It’s not trivial to find a cost-efficient solution that suit best with your budget, traffic and business needs and allows you to scale without any operational overhead. That’s why in this short post, I will walk you through how to build your own blog from scratch using Amazon Lightsail VPS solution, which is fundamentally predictable, manageable, and scalable. W3Tech To get started, sign in to and navigate to Amazon Lightsail dashboard: AWS Management Console Click on “ ” button to provision a new instance and select Wordpress as the image blueprint: Create instance Upload your public SSH key (it will be used later on to ssh to the server) and set your instance type based on your blog requirements: Set a unique name for your instance and click on “ ” button: Create instance A new instance will be created and Wordpress will be provisioned on top of it: Once the instance is up and it’s state is changed from to , click on “ ” button: pending running Manage The instance dynamic public ip address will be displayed, point your favorite browser to that IP address, a Wordpress homepage will be shown as follows: To log in to the WordPress administration dashboard, add the following endpoint to your url. Sign in using the default user name (user) and the default password retrieved from the file stored in the home directory on the server. /wp-admin bitnami_application_password You should now arrive at the WordPress dashboard, which allows you to manage posts, pages and much more. However, we need to access our blog using a friendly URL, that’s why we will map our domain name to our Wordpress website. If you’re expecting high traffic, it’s recommended to setup a load balancer in front of your instance. You can create one from the “ ” section: Networking By default, the load balancer will accept only HTTP connections, to enable HTTPS we need to attach a valid SSL certificate. Assign the Wordpress server created earlier to the load balancer. If your Apache service is listening on a different port, you might customize the health check part accordingly. Once the instance is attached to the ELB, click on “ ” section to expose an HTTPS endpoint: Inbound traffic Next, create a new SSL certificate for your domain name as follows: Once AWS verifies everything the validation status will update to say Success in green. This may take some time so don’t worry if it doesn’t happen immediately. Once validated, connect the SSL certificate to the Load Balancer. Finally, we need to import our domain name to Amazon Lightsail: Enter the domain name, you can buy a cheap one from . Godaddy When you create a DNZ zone, Amazon Lightsail automatically creates a name server (NS) record. Head back to your domain registrar (GoDaddy) and change the name servers for the domain to use the four NS name servers that you got in the previous step. And create a new A record pointing to the ELB domain name: After the configurations are propagated then you should be able to hit your site at the domain name instead of the IP address of the server through as secure HTTPS endpoint. Drop your comments, feedback, or suggestions below — or connect with me directly on Twitter . **@**mlabouardy

Deploy Wordpress Blog on Amazon Lightsail VPS

This year Bitcoin has caused the biggest buzz in the world of Web3 since its launch in 2009. It has been a huge year for Bitcoin, the world’s largest cryptocurrency. It hit a new all-time high this year as ETFs were approved in the US, Australia, and Hong Kong and institutions jumped on the BTC bandwagon. New exciting ways to interact with Bitcoin also emerged such as Casey Rodarmor’s Runes protocol and there have also been several significant technological breakthroughs making advanced computation possible on Bitcoin for the first time such as BitVMX and SNARKnado. At the same time, a huge wave of new projects emerged claiming to have built new innovations on top of Bitcoin, some of them raising ridiculous amounts of money. Many have already fallen foul to criticism or called scams such as SatoshiVM and Merlin. Others have yet to prove they have real connections to Bitcoin beyond just marketing and hype. But what many people don’t know is that real layers on top of Bitcoin have existed for some time and a dedicated crew of cypherpunks, freedom maximalists, and daring developers have been building on top of Bitcoin for years, taking it from a store of value and transforming it into something that could power the global financial system of the future. In this article, I wanted to shine a light on the true Bitcoin L2s with real use cases and adoption that I believe will gain even greater popularity in 2024 and beyond. Enter the world of Bitcoin L2s & Sidechains So first, what is a Bitcoin Layer Two? I think that Sergio Lerner, long-time Bitcoin contributor and creator of Rootstock, explained it well in a recent interview with CoinTelegraph. “It must use BTC as its native asset and as a settlement mechanism to enforce transactions and demonstrate a functional dependence on Bitcoin.” Many people have different ideas than this but for me this definition is close. It’s a great litmus test to avoid scammers and shilling. Beyond the technological dependence of Bitcoin, my definition is that a true Bitcoin layer two should support the growth and adoption of layer one Bitcoin. A real Bitcoin Layer 2s should ultimately contribute to the success of Bitcoin but it should exist to provide functionality that the layer one was never designed for. This allows Bitcoin to remain secure, pure and home of the hardest form of money while allowing new features and functionality to be developed on top of it. So which Bitcoin L2s should we be exploring in 2024? Lightning Lightning is essentially the payment network for Bitcoin. It allows for near-instantaneous Bitcoin payments and has gained widespread adoption in retail environments. I’ve personally paid for many a beer and coffee with Lightning over the years. It allows for the unilateral transfer of Bitcoin between the main chain and the Lightning layer2 and its laser focus on Bitcoin payments has made it a critical piece of the Bitcoin puzzle. Lightning launched in 2019 with a smart “Pass The Torch” campaign where users would add 10,000 SATS (0.00002451 BTC) to a Lightning payment and pass it one. The campaign reached the likes of Block Inc founder, Jack Dorsey, Litecoin Creator Charlie Lee, Lightning Labs CEO Elizabeth Stark, and CZ of Binance fame. One really cool feature of Lightning Network is that an increasing amount of crypto exchanges have started adding Lightning support as way for users to withdraw and deposit Bitcoin from the exchange. This means faster transaction times and cheaper fees. The most recent exchange to do this was Coinbase in partnership with Lightspark. There are many different wallets available that support Lightning. Some custodial and non-custodial. Its always worth doing your research thoroughly before deciding on which one is for you. Custodial lightning wallets tend to be easier to use but you are reliant on a third party to keep your bitcoin safe. Rootstock Rootstock is the home of apps on Bitcoin. It combines all the programmability of Ethereum with the security and store of value of Bitcoin. Developers have launched lots of different dApps on top of Bitcoin using Rootstock including DEXes like Sovryn, Bitcoin collateralized stablecoins like Money on Chain, and even a naming service known as RIF Name Service which is similar to Ethereum’s ENS. Rootstock uses the Solidity programming language and has all the same developer tools as Ethereum Layer2s making it easy to get started on. It is also supported by MetaMask which makes it easy for users of other EVM chains to easily connect to the network. One neat dApp on Rootstock I discovered  recently is called Asami Club. It pays people in Bitcoin-backed stablecoins for sharing content on social media. The Rootstock ecosystem site has over 100 different apps, exchanges, and wallets listed. Users move their Bitcoin into Rootstock through a bridge known as the PowPeg, described as the most secure, permissionless, and uncensorable Bitcoin bridge. From my research, it seems it was also the first-ever bridge between Bitcoin and another network. Some of the contributors to the network are still working on ways to improve this connection using BitVMX. Rootstock was created by a group of Bitcoin OGs out of Argentina in 2015. It was launched to the public in 2018. The cool thing for me is anyone can build whatever they want on the blockchain in a truly permissionless manner, it’s fully open source and already has lots of individuals and organizations around the world working on it. Liquid For me, Liquid is exciting as it was created by Adam Back, a British cryptographer, and cypherpunk who spoke directly to Satoshi Nakamoto, the legendary creator of Bitcoin. Satoshi credits Adam’s work in the original Bitcoin whitepaper. Liquid has a different focus from Lightning and Rootstock as it is primarily focused on enabling the issuance of security tokens and other digital assets secured by Bitcoin. This is things like the much discussed El Salvador Bitcoin Bond which will be tokenized on Liquid as well as the recently announced tokenized version of MicroStrategy's Class A Common Stock known as CMSTR Note. Liquid is one to watch as we see more institutions exploring how they tokenize assets on Bitcoin whether it be fine art or real estate. In fact, while researching this article I found some very recent news that Bitfinex just launched a $6.25 million token bond on Liquid to fund the construction of a Hilton hotel at the San Salvador International Airport. Sounds like things are taking off! (pun intended) Beyond Bitcoin’s Big Three In this article, I’ve written about what I believe to be three of the critical networks for scaling Bitcoin and allowing it to reach worldwide adoption. I’ve intentionally avoided talking about the typical crypto casino world of meme coins. These can be a lot of fun to play around with but ultimately have no real value or utility to the world. The three examples given above all support real use cases and will prosper whatever current crypto cycle we are in which is a major reason I’m so bullish on them. There is a lot of innovation happening right now on Bitcoin. I’m excited to see what comes next for the world’s most decentralized cryptocurrency as well as the three most important layers built on top of it. I’m sure that the innovations will continue and there is much more to explore. Perhaps in 2035, I’ll write another article diving into just how far Bitcoin’s Big Three have come and what other interesting networks have emerged onto the scene. This year Bitcoin has caused the biggest buzz in the world of Web3 since its launch in 2009. This year Bitcoin has caused the biggest buzz in the world of Web3 since its launch in 2009. This year Bitcoin has caused the biggest buzz in the world of Web3 since its launch in 2009. It has been a huge year for Bitcoin , the world’s largest cryptocurrency. It hit a new all-time high this year as ETFs were approved in the US , Australia , and Hong Kong and institutions jumped on the BTC bandwagon. New exciting ways to interact with Bitcoin also emerged such as Casey Rodarmor’s Runes protocol and there have also been several significant technological breakthroughs making advanced computation possible on Bitcoin for the first time such as BitVMX and SNARKnado . Bitcoin US Australia Hong Kong BTC Runes BitVMX SNARKnado At the same time, a huge wave of new projects emerged claiming to have built new innovations on top of Bitcoin, some of them raising ridiculous amounts of money. Many have already fallen foul to criticism or called scams such as SatoshiVM and Merlin . Others have yet to prove they have real connections to Bitcoin beyond just marketing and hype. SatoshiVM Merlin But what many people don’t know is that real layers on top of Bitcoin have existed for some time and a dedicated crew of cypherpunks, freedom maximalists, and daring developers have been building on top of Bitcoin for years, taking it from a store of value and transforming it into something that could power the global financial system of the future. In this article, I wanted to shine a light on the true Bitcoin L2s with real use cases and adoption that I believe will gain even greater popularity in 2024 and beyond. Enter the world of Bitcoin L2s & Sidechains So first, what is a Bitcoin Layer Two? I think that Sergio Lerner, long-time Bitcoin contributor and creator of Rootstock, explained it well in a recent interview with CoinTelegraph . CoinTelegraph “It must use BTC as its native asset and as a settlement mechanism to enforce transactions and demonstrate a functional dependence on Bitcoin.” “It must use BTC as its native asset and as a settlement mechanism to enforce transactions and demonstrate a functional dependence on Bitcoin.” Many people have different ideas than this but for me this definition is close. It’s a great litmus test to avoid scammers and shilling. Beyond the technological dependence of Bitcoin, my definition is that a true Bitcoin layer two should support the growth and adoption of layer one Bitcoin. A real Bitcoin Layer 2s should ultimately contribute to the success of Bitcoin but it should exist to provide functionality that the layer one was never designed for. This allows Bitcoin to remain secure, pure and home of the hardest form of money while allowing new features and functionality to be developed on top of it. So which Bitcoin L2s should we be exploring in 2024? Lightning Lightning Lightning is essentially the payment network for Bitcoin. It allows for near-instantaneous Bitcoin payments and has gained widespread adoption in retail environments. I’ve personally paid for many a beer and coffee with Lightning over the years. It allows for the unilateral transfer of Bitcoin between the main chain and the Lightning layer2 and its laser focus on Bitcoin payments has made it a critical piece of the Bitcoin puzzle. Lightning launched in 2019 with a smart “Pass The Torch” campaign where users would add 10,000 SATS (0.00002451 BTC) to a Lightning payment and pass it one. The campaign reached the likes of Block Inc founder, Jack Dorsey, Litecoin Creator Charlie Lee, Lightning Labs CEO Elizabeth Stark, and CZ of Binance fame. One really cool feature of Lightning Network is that an increasing amount of crypto exchanges have started adding Lightning support as way for users to withdraw and deposit Bitcoin from the exchange. This means faster transaction times and cheaper fees. The most recent exchange to do this was Coinbase in partnership with Lightspark . Coinbase in partnership with Lightspark There are many different wallets available that support Lightning. Some custodial and non-custodial. Its always worth doing your research thoroughly before deciding on which one is for you. Custodial lightning wallets tend to be easier to use but you are reliant on a third party to keep your bitcoin safe. Rootstock Rootstock is the home of apps on Bitcoin. It combines all the programmability of Ethereum with the security and store of value of Bitcoin. Developers have launched lots of different dApps on top of Bitcoin using Rootstock including DEXes like Sovryn , Bitcoin collateralized stablecoins like Money on Chain , and even a naming service known as RIF Name Service which is similar to Ethereum’s ENS. Rootstock uses the Solidity programming language and has all the same developer tools as Ethereum Layer2s making it easy to get started on. It is also supported by MetaMask which makes it easy for users of other EVM chains to easily connect to the network. Sovryn Money on Chain RIF Name Service One neat dApp on Rootstock I discovered  recently is called Asami Club . It pays people in Bitcoin-backed stablecoins for sharing content on social media. The Rootstock ecosystem site has over 100 different apps, exchanges, and wallets listed. Asami Club Rootstock ecosystem Users move their Bitcoin into Rootstock through a bridge known as the PowPeg, described as the most secure, permissionless, and uncensorable Bitcoin bridge . From my research, it seems it was also the first-ever bridge between Bitcoin and another network. Some of the contributors to the network are still working on ways to improve this connection using BitVMX . most secure, permissionless, and uncensorable Bitcoin bridge improve this connection using BitVMX Rootstock was created by a group of Bitcoin OGs out of Argentina in 2015. It was launched to the public in 2018. The cool thing for me is anyone can build whatever they want on the blockchain in a truly permissionless manner, it’s fully open source and already has lots of individuals and organizations around the world working on it. Liquid For me, Liquid is exciting as it was created by Adam Back, a British cryptographer, and cypherpunk who spoke directly to Satoshi Nakamoto, the legendary creator of Bitcoin. Satoshi credits Adam’s work in the original Bitcoin whitepaper. original Bitcoin whitepaper. Liquid has a different focus from Lightning and Rootstock as it is primarily focused on enabling the issuance of security tokens and other digital assets secured by Bitcoin. This is things like the much discussed El Salvador Bitcoin Bond which will be tokenized on Liquid as well as the recently announced tokenized version of MicroStrategy's Class A Common Stock known as CMSTR Note . El Salvador Bitcoin Bond CMSTR Note Liquid is one to watch as we see more institutions exploring how they tokenize assets on Bitcoin whether it be fine art or real estate. In fact, while researching this article I found some very recent news that Bitfinex just launched a $6.25 million token bond on Liquid to fund the construction of a Hilton hotel at the San Salvador International Airport . Sounds like things are taking off! (pun intended) fund the construction of a Hilton hotel at the San Salvador International Airport (pun intended) Beyond Bitcoin’s Big Three In this article, I’ve written about what I believe to be three of the critical networks for scaling Bitcoin and allowing it to reach worldwide adoption. I’ve intentionally avoided talking about the typical crypto casino world of meme coins. These can be a lot of fun to play around with but ultimately have no real value or utility to the world. The three examples given above all support real use cases and will prosper whatever current crypto cycle we are in which is a major reason I’m so bullish on them. There is a lot of innovation happening right now on Bitcoin. I’m excited to see what comes next for the world’s most decentralized cryptocurrency as well as the three most important layers built on top of it. I’m sure that the innovations will continue and there is much more to explore. Perhaps in 2035, I’ll write another article diving into just how far Bitcoin’s Big Three have come and what other interesting networks have emerged onto the scene.

Bitcoin's Big Three: The Best Layer 2s in 2024

বিটকয়েনের বিগ থ্রি: 2024 সালে সেরা স্তর 2

Die großen Drei von Bitcoin: Die besten Layer 2s im Jahr 2024

Los tres grandes de Bitcoin: las mejores capas 2 en 2024

Les trois grands de Bitcoin : les meilleures couches 2 en 2024

बिटकॉइन के बिग थ्री: 2024 में सर्वश्रेष्ठ लेयर 2

ビットコインのビッグスリー：2024年のベストレイヤー2

비트코인의 빅 3: 2024년 최고의 레이어 2

As três grandes do Bitcoin: as melhores camadas 2 em 2024

Большая тройка Биткойна: лучшие уровни 2 в 2024 году

Bitcoin'in Üç Büyükleri: 2024'ün En İyi Katman 2'leri

Bộ ba lớn của Bitcoin: Lớp 2 tốt nhất năm 2024

比特币三大巨头：2024 年最佳第二层

Hi everyone, Hudy here! Today, I'm excited to share my open-source project manager with you all. I built this from the ground up with the goal of keeping operational costs under $15 per month. Before I decided to build it, I tried Trello, Jira, and Clickup. All of them are fantastic tools, but the cost was a major barrier for us. As a small team of 7 - 10 members at a Vietnamese startup, we simply didn't have the budget for these paid platforms. You might be wondering why we didn't just use the free tier. Here's the thing: I believed I could build a project manager that offered the specified features we needed, like Reports, Exporting capabilities, Boards, Calendars, and more. Additionally, I had a significant amount of free time at that point, which made it a good opportunity to take on this project. Check out the app at namviek.com Who Is This For? This project is a great fit for people with developer skills who are running a small team on a limited budget, similar to me. It might seem daunting at first, but see the cost report below. I was able to significantly reduce the operational cost from $49 per month ($7 x 7 members) to less than $10 per month. How Did I Keep the Cost Low? I leveraged a variety of free platforms to minimize operational costs. Here's a breakdown: Vercel: for the frontend  (Free)
Aws Lightsail: for the backend (Paid)
Aws S3: for file storage (Paid)
Resend: sending email (Free)
Cloudflare: to manage my domain (Free)
Github Action: CD automation (Free) My Tech Stack To ensure fast building and deployment, I opted for Next.js on the frontend as it seamlessly integrates with Vercel. For the backend, I currently use Node.js, but I have plans to migrate some functionalities to Golang in the coming future. What Features are Packed in? As mentioned before, this app includes some essential features for a small team such as: List View See it all at once. Prioritize, and manage your tasks in a simple list. Board View Visualize your workflow. Move tasks between stages for clear progress tracking. Goal View Stay on target. See your progress at a glance and celebrate milestones. Calendar View Plan your days. Never miss a deadline with tasks scheduled on your calendar. Custom View Work your way. Design the perfect view to fit your specific needs. How to Use It. Check out the setup guide. If you encounter any errors during the setup process, you can refer to the full guide here. Maybe you prefer a step-by-step video guide? Check out this video below: https://youtu.be/3CS0DB4_2FU?si=QVlbbi3EOPAcIK2u&embedable=true Contribute Your Features or Bug Fixes This app is still under development, and I welcome your contributions to improve it! Feel free to submit feature requests and bug fixes. Want to suggest a better solution or a code-based refactoring? Just create a pull request, and I'd be happy to discuss it. Conclusion Finally, I hope this open-source helps you and your team reduce operational costs while offering the opportunity to learn new skills by fixing bugs and building features. It will always be free to use. See you in the next open-source app :D Hi everyone, Hudy here! Today, I'm excited to share my open-source project manager with you all. I built this from the ground up with the goal of keeping operational costs under $15 per month. Before I decided to build it, I tried Trello, Jira, and Clickup. All of them are fantastic tools, but the cost was a major barrier for us. As a small team of 7 - 10 members at a Vietnamese startup, we simply didn't have the budget for these paid platforms. You might be wondering why we didn't just use the free tier. Here's the thing: I believed I could build a project manager that offered the specified features we needed, like Reports, Exporting capabilities, Boards, Calendars, and more. Additionally, I had a significant amount of free time at that point, which made it a good opportunity to take on this project. Check out the app at namviek.com namviek.com Who Is This For? This project is a great fit for people with developer skills who are running a small team on a limited budget, similar to me. It might seem daunting at first, but see the cost report below. I was able to significantly reduce the operational cost from $49 per month ($7 x 7 members) to less than $10 per month. How Did I Keep the Cost Low? I leveraged a variety of free platforms to minimize operational costs. Here's a breakdown: Vercel: for the frontend  (Free) Aws Lightsail: for the backend (Paid) Aws S3: for file storage (Paid) Resend: sending email (Free) Cloudflare: to manage my domain (Free) Github Action: CD automation (Free) Vercel: for the frontend  (Free) Aws Lightsail: for the backend (Paid) Aws S3: for file storage (Paid) Resend: sending email (Free) Cloudflare: to manage my domain (Free) Github Action: CD automation (Free) My Tech Stack To ensure fast building and deployment, I opted for Next.js on the frontend as it seamlessly integrates with Vercel. For the backend, I currently use Node.js, but I have plans to migrate some functionalities to Golang in the coming future. What Features are Packed in? As mentioned before, this app includes some essential features for a small team such as: List View See it all at once. Prioritize, and manage your tasks in a simple list. Board View Visualize your workflow. Move tasks between stages for clear progress tracking. Goal View Stay on target. See your progress at a glance and celebrate milestones. Calendar View Plan your days. Never miss a deadline with tasks scheduled on your calendar. Custom View Work your way. Design the perfect view to fit your specific needs. How to Use It. Check out the setup guide . If you encounter any errors during the setup process, you can refer to the full guide here . the setup guide here Maybe you prefer a step-by-step video guide? Check out this video below: https://youtu.be/3CS0DB4_2FU?si=QVlbbi3EOPAcIK2u&embedable=true https://youtu.be/3CS0DB4_2FU?si=QVlbbi3EOPAcIK2u&embedable=true Contribute Your Features or Bug Fixes This app is still under development, and I welcome your contributions to improve it! Feel free to submit feature requests and bug fixes. Want to suggest a better solution or a code-based refactoring? Just create a pull request, and I'd be happy to discuss it. Conclusion Finally, I hope this open-source helps you and your team reduce operational costs while offering the opportunity to learn new skills by fixing bugs and building features. It will always be free to use. See you in the next open-source app :D

Here’s How I Built a Free, Open-Source Project Manager to Help Teams Keep Costs Under $15/Month

**ROADTOWN, British Virgin Islands, January 25th, 2024/Chainwire/--**Followed by LIF3’s Token Migration to Ethereum Network for Enhanced Market Accessibility. Today, $LIF3 (pronounced Life), a ground-breaking and complete omni-chain DeFi Layer-1 Curated Blockchain ecosystem, announces its recent listing on Bitfinex ( ), a premier digital asset trading platform, after recently migrating to the Ethereum Network from Fantom. https://trading.bitfinex.com/t/LIF3:USD This announcement coincides with Lif3’s vision and commitment to breaking down barriers to cryptocurrency, enabling easier adoption for consumers entering DeFi, through the Lif3 Mobile App. Lif3 provides a platform for exclusive event access, on-ramping, investing, trading, earning, gaming, and off-ramping. This announcement coincides with Lif3’s vision and commitment to breaking down barriers to cryptocurrency, enabling easier adoption for consumers entering DeFi, through the Lif3 Mobile . Lif3 provides a platform for exclusive event access, on-ramping, investing, trading, earning, gaming, and off-ramping. App Bitfinex Listing The allows for professional traders to trade $LIF3 through a top tier exchange. Bitfinex listing Deposits for LIF3 will commence on January 23, 2024, at approximately 1:30 PM UTC. Trading is scheduled to start on January 25, 2024, at approximately 3:30 PM UTC, with LIF3 being tradable against US Dollars (LIF3/USD) and Tether tokens (LIF3/USDt). “The addition of LIF3 to our offerings is a significant step in our commitment to embracing innovative financial solutions. LIF3’s features include crypto swapping, yield farming, and a secure mobile wallet”, said Henry Child, Head of Tokens. “This listing underscores our commitment to advancing the DeFi space with cutting-edge solutions,” he added. To obtain access to $LIF3 on Bitfinex, customers can visit: https://trading.bitfinex.com/t/LIF3:USD Ethereum Migration The Lif3 protocol has recently migrated to from Fantom Network. This move is not just a change of platform but a leap towards broader market accessibility and ease of trading of the $LIF3 token. Ethereum According to the team behind , the transition simplifies the purchasing process for users, enabling easier acquisition of LIF3, and paves the way for Lif3’s further expansion. Lif3 The migration to Ethereum also marks a new chapter in Lif3’s journey. It represents a move towards a platform with a more extensive user base, offering increased exposure and potentially higher transaction volumes. This shift is about harnessing the strengths of Ethereum’s ecosystem, providing Lif3 users with easier methods of acquiring $LIF3 and improved reliability, crucial for DeFi transactions. “This Bitfinex listing in addition to the migration to Ethereum will expand Lif3.com and its market accessibility while enhancing efficiency in cryptocurrency transactions through consumer DeFi, unlocking more opportunities within the dynamic world of decentralised finance and beyond. We are not only excited for the recent migration to Ethereum, in addition to being available on Fantom, BNB Chain and Polygon - but also opening up a larger market and simplifying the purchase process for users, particularly in acquiring mainstream tokens like USDT and ETH”, says Kean Laurens, Head of Product. “The early stage of DeFi adoption presents unique challenges, including the complexity of swapping, staking, and bridging various chains. Recognizing Ethereum's widespread recognition and trust factor, Lif3 aims to reduce entry barriers and foster a smoother transition into its ecosystem. Lif3 was conceived with a clear mission to make DeFi interactions and investments seamless and safe, especially for newcomers. Our visionaries in the crypto realm identified a need to simplify the on-ramping process and offer a unified platform for various DeFi activities," emphasises Kean. Lif3 Ecosystem Lif3.com is a complete, omni-chain DeFi ecosystem, Curated Layer-1 blockchain, and a self-custody wallet available on the App Store and Google Play - unlocking the potential of Web3 through consumer DeFi, iGaming and the Entertainment Sectors. Now available on multiple blockchains: Ethereum, Polygon, BNB Chain, and Fantom - Lif3 offers a comprehensive suite of DeFi products that transcends beyond a mere platform and an entire curated ecosystem. The ease of use for consumer DeFi, broader market accessibility and adoption are some of the key missions for Lif3. Through the use of a consumer focused and easy to use DeFi wallet, this results in a heightened efficiency in cryptocurrency transactions, signifying a quantum leap for both Lif3 and the future of digital finance in the Web3 space. “As an investor and Lif3 enthusiast, I am thrilled Lif3 is officially listed on Bitfinex, a renowned platform that shares Lif3’s commitment to innovation and excellence in addition to the partnership, in supporting the migration to the Ethereum Network. This listing signifies a crucial quantum leap in providing increased visibility and accessibility to a broader audience of investors and other Web3 enthusiasts alike, for a more seamless experience in using blockchain. As the Lif3 ecosystem continues to advance its mission in reshaping the future of finance, this announcement is poised to catalyse further growth and innovation,” Layer Zero says Harry Yeh, Managing Director of Quantum Fintech Group. Esports Tournament Supercup.gg Lif3.com is also pleased to announce that Lif3 has teamed up with MetaNews and acquired an official licence by Krafton for the PUBG mobile tournament Super Cup, this falls in line with its vision to expand its reach and adoption with the esports user base. The competition will kick off on January 26 and is set to run until January 29, 2024. The Lif3 ecosystem includes an architecture for esports which will bridge the gap from antiquated payment processors which cannot satisfy the need for micro-payments required for esports to operate in Web3 between amateur gamers, fans and their favourite esports organisations. To learn more, visit https://supercup.gg/ About LIF3.com Lif3.com is a complete, omni-chain DeFi ecosystem, Curated Layer-1 blockchain, and a self-custody wallet available on the and - unlocking the potential of Web3 through consumer DeFi, iGaming and the Entertainment Sectors. App Store Google Play To learn more, visit https://lif3.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/Official_LIF3 Lif3 News and Updates: https://lif3.com/news How to Buy LIF3 with ETH or USDT on Ethereum: __ .__For official LIF3 logos and branding please visit: https://support.lif3.com/hc/en-us/articles/8874195179279-How-to-Buy-LIF3-with-ETH-or-USDT-on-Ethereum https://docs.lif3.com/brand-assets Media Contact media@lif3.com About Bitfinex Founded in 2012, Bitfinex is a digital token trading platform offering state-of-the-art services for traders and global liquidity providers. In addition to a suite of advanced trading features and charting tools, Bitfinex provides access to peer-to-peer financing, an OTC market and margin trading for a wide selection of digital tokens. Bitfinex’s strategy focuses on providing unparalleled support, tools, and innovation for experienced traders and liquidity providers around the world. Visit to learn more. www.bitfinex.com Bitfinex to List Lif3: https://blog.bitfinex.com/media-releases/bitfinex-to-list-lif3/ For official Bitfinex logos and branding: https://www.bitfinex.com/press/#press-downloads About LayerZero Labs LayerZero Labs is the team that launched the leading blockchain messaging protocol LayerZero. LayerZero's advanced messaging infrastructure seamlessly connects over 30 blockchains and facilitates transparent and secure cross-chain messaging from one easy-to-use interface. Since going live in March 2022, the LayerZero protocol has processed more than 20 million messages with thousands of mainnet contracts being deployed by thousands of developer teams. Backed by leading venture capital firms including a16z, Sequoia, Binance Labs, Christie's, Lightspeed, Opensea, Bond, Samsung Next, and GBV, LayerZero was recently valued at $3 billion. Developers building on LayerZero can create interoperable, omnichain dApps, which will lead to the establishment of a unified digital asset ecosystem. Visit to learn more. LayerZero Contact Media Relations Chantel Elloway Lif3 Labs Limited media@lif3.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here.

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