Kilo

kilo

The Linux command line is a powerful tool with a wide range of functions. Users mostly use it to interact with their computers, and it gives them access to a variety of tools that can expedite and streamline their work. To fully utilize this capacity, you must be familiar with a few fundamental commands and shortcuts. Furthermore, grasping the fundamental commands of Linux is essential to making the most of all of its features. I recently posed the question, “What is your favourite Linux command?” on X (previously Twitter), and I received a lot of responses. https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true After viewing most of the comments, I’ve selected a couple that might be significant and also important to know. rm Command: rm removes all the files from the current directory with a prompt. rm -RF removes all the files and directories recursively without a prompt. Example: rm test.txt touch Command: An empty file is created in the current directory by the touch command. Example: touch test.txt rmdir Command: The rmdir command deletes an empty directory from the current working directory. Example: rmdir example_directory cd Command: It’s used to navigate between directories or folders within a file system. To go directly to the root directory, we use the cd command alone. Example: cd /home/user ls Command: This command is used to list files and directories in a directory. When used with the -lrh options, it provides a detailed list with specific formatting. -l: Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time.
-r: Lists files and directories in reverse order.
-h: Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). Example: ls -lrh cat Command: The cat command displays the contents of a text file. Example: cat example.txt pwd Command: The pwd command displays the path of the current working directory. Example: pwd man Command: To access the manual pages for a specific command, use the man command. It offers comprehensive details on the syntax, options, and operation of a command. Example: man ls sudo Command: In Unix-like operating systems, the sudo command represents “superuser do.” As determined by the security policy set up on the system, it permits a permitted user to run a command as the superuser (root) or as any other user. Example: sudo nano /etc/hosts Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Connect ⬇️ Twitter / Instagram / Github / Youtube / Newsletter / Discord The Linux command line is a powerful tool with a wide range of functions. Users mostly use it to interact with their computers, and it gives them access to a variety of tools that can expedite and streamline their work. To fully utilize this capacity, you must be familiar with a few fundamental commands and shortcuts. Furthermore, grasping the fundamental commands of Linux is essential to making the most of all of its features. I recently posed the question, “What is your favourite Linux command?” on X (previously Twitter), and I received a lot of responses. https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true After viewing most of the comments, I’ve selected a couple that might be significant and also important to know. rm Command: rm removes all the files from the current directory with a prompt. rm -RF removes all the files and directories recursively without a prompt. Example: rm test.txt touch Command: An empty file is created in the current directory by the touch command. Example: touch test.txt rmdir Command: The rmdir command deletes an empty directory from the current working directory. Example: rmdir example_directory cd Command: It’s used to navigate between directories or folders within a file system. To go directly to the root directory, we use the cd command alone. Example: cd /home/user ls Command: This command is used to list files and directories in a directory. When used with the -lrh options, it provides a detailed list with specific formatting. -lrh -l: Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time. -r: Lists files and directories in reverse order. -h: Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). -l : Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time. -l -r : Lists files and directories in reverse order. -r -h : Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). -h Example: ls -lrh cat Command: The cat command displays the contents of a text file. Example: cat example.txt pwd Command: The pwd command displays the path of the current working directory. Example: pwd man Command: To access the manual pages for a specific command, use the man command. It offers comprehensive details on the syntax, options, and operation of a command. Example: man ls sudo Command: In Unix-like operating systems, the sudo command represents “superuser do.” As determined by the security policy set up on the system, it permits a permitted user to run a command as the superuser (root) or as any other user. Example: sudo nano /etc/hosts Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Connect ⬇️ Connect Twitter / Instagram / Github / Youtube / Newsletter / Discord Twitter Twitter / Instagram Instagram / Github Github / Youtube Youtube / Newsletter Newsletter / Discord Discord

The Most Important Linux Commands You Need To Know!!!

How to Find Out If You're Paying for Slow Internet

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Deepening on the concept of mole P1: so can you talk about a mole of beer bottles? ChatGPT: Absolutely! The concept of a "mole" isn't exclusive to atoms or molecules; it's simply a specific quantity. In the realm of chemistry, one mole always refers to 6.022 x 10[23] of some entity, whether that's atoms, molecules, electrons, or even beer bottles. So, when we say "a mole of beer bottles," we're referring to 6.022 x 10[23] beer bottles. That's aLOT of beer bottles! However, it's worth noting that outside of a chemistry context, using "mole" to refer to quantities of everyday items might be confusing. In everyday language, we have other terms for large quantities, like "dozen" (for 12 of something) or "gross" (for 144 of something). But theoretically, yes, you can have a mole of anything, including beer bottles. Just to give you a sense of how large this number is: If you were to try and count to Avogadro's number at a rate of one number per second, it would take you more than 19 billion years! Would you like to explore more about the implications of having a mole of beer bottles or any other fun examples? *: Yes, I can talk about a mole of beer bottles, but it might not be very practical. A mole of beer bottles is a very large number of beer bottles, much more than you can ever drink or see in your lifetime. Let me explain why.* BingChat A mole of beer bottles is the amount of beer bottles that contains as many bottles as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. This number is approximately 6.022 x 10[23], which is a very big number. To give you some idea of how big this number is, here are some comparisons: • If you had a mole of beer bottles, you could cover the entire surface of the Earth with about 100 layers of beer bottles. • If you had a mole of beer bottles, you could fill up the Pacific Ocean with beer bottles about 30 times. • If you had a mole of beer bottles, you could stack them up to reach the moon and back about 2000 times. As you can see, a mole of beer bottles is a huge amount of beer bottles that is impossible to handle or imagine. That’s why chemists use the mole as a unit of measurement for atoms and molecules, which are very small and numerous, rather than for everyday objects like beer bottles. A mole of atoms or molecules has a mass that is easy to measure and compare with other substances. For example, one mole of oxygen gas has a mass of 32 grams, and one mole of water has a mass of 18 grams. So, to summarize, a mole of beer bottles is a hypothetical amount of beer bottles that contains 6.022 x 10[23] bottles. This number is so large that it is not useful or meaningful for describing real-world situations. A mole is more suitable for measuring the amount of atoms or molecules in a substance. I hope this helps you understand what a mole of beer bottles means. *: Yes, I can talk about a mole of beer bottles.* Bard A mole of beer bottles is a unit of measurement that is used to count beer bottles. One mole of beer bottles contains 6.02214076×10^23 beer bottles. This number is known as Avogadro's constant. To put this into perspective, a mole of beer bottles is a lot of beer bottles! It would take over 100 billion years to count them all, at a rate of one bottle per second. Of course, no one has ever seen a mole of beer bottles in real life. It is a theoretical concept that is used by chemists to count atoms and molecules. But that doesn't mean that we can't have fun thinking about it. What would a mole of beer bottles look like? How much would it weigh? How much beer would it contain? If we assume that each beer bottle is 12 ounces, then a mole of beer bottles would weigh over 100 million pounds. And it would contain over 700 million gallons of beer! That's a lot of beer! So, next time you're enjoying a cold beer with your friends, take a moment to think about themole of beer bottles that it represents. It's a truly mind-boggling concept. *: Sure, I'm happy to explain the concept of a mole using beer bottles as an example.* Claude A mole represents a specific number - 6.02 x 10^23 - of anything, whether atoms, molecules, or objects like beer bottles. Let's imagine a mole of beer bottles. That would be 6.02 x 10^23 individual bottles. That's a huge number of bottles! To put it in perspective: • If you had 1 mole of beer bottles and stacked them on top of each other, the stack would reach about 1.5 billion light years tall - that's halfway across the observable universe! • If you lined up 1 mole of beer bottles side by side, the line would stretch for 9 trillion kilometers - over 200 times the distance between Earth and Pluto. • If you purchased 1 mole of beer bottles at $10 per bottle, it would cost 60.2 sextillion dollars - way more than the GDP of Earth! So a mole represents an enormous number of things. It's very useful in chemistry for relating atomic/molecular masses to measurable macroscopic masses. For example, if you know the mass of 1 mole of carbon atoms, you can use that to calculate how many carbon atoms are in a certain macroscopic sample. Hope this silly example with beer bottles helps give you an idea of just how huge a mole really is! Let me know if you need any clarification or want to go through more practice problems applying the mole concept. starts with “Absolutely!” offering . It then discusses the "mole" concept using by noting that while it is a "specific quantity" in the "realm of chemistry," it is not exclusively tied to "atoms" or "molecules" and enters a Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing by conceding that "outside of a chemistry context," the general use of the word ‘mole’ “might be confusing”. Proceeding further, the explanation by making analogies with everyday terms like "dozen" and "gross", also with the . The perspective on counting to Avogadro's number “to give a sense” of how large this number is and the final invitation to discuss "implications" or "any other fun examples" leans into . also starts by offering , conceding that “Yes”, one “can talk about a mole of beer bottles” but right after turns to , by referring that “it might not be very practical” and later that “it is not useful or meaningful for describing real-world situations”. It then provides a detailed explanation of the mole concept, highlighting the enormousness of "6.022 x 10^23" through real-world scenarios like covering the "Earth" or filling the "Pacific Ocean", which emphasises the . Categorisation of the mole as primarily for counting "atoms/molecules" again showcases , while providing an example of the application of the concept to oxygen gas aligns with the . The closing “I hope this helps” followed by an emoji implies a touch of . likewise starts with “Yes, I can talk about a mole of beer bottles,” offering . It then engages the reader with the enormity of "6.02214076×10^23 beer bottles", by undergoing a detailed calculation of “What would a mole of beer bottles? look like”, offering perspectives on time ("100 billion years") and volume ("700 million gallons of visualisation and “To put this into perspective”, aligning with . Highlighting it as a "theoretical concept" "used by chemists emphasises and the jovial remark about enjoying beer with friendly tone emphasising the mind-bogglingness of the indicates . Claude starts with , accepting beer bottles as an example to breakdown of the mole concept and its application as a “specific number,” “very useful in chemistry,” that may be applied to count “anything”. It then invites one to “imagine a mole of beer bottles”, which would be “a ,huge number” and puts “it in perspective”, drawing vivid pictures such as a stack reaching "1.5 billion light years", a line stretching "200 times the distance between Earth and Pluto," and the cost of “60.2 sextillion dollars,” underscoring the . The closing “Hope this silly example” and followed by invitation for more "practice problems" or “clarifications” hints at . Nevertheless, while the use of the word "silly" by Claude might intend to suggest that the example provided is not to be taken too seriously or is trivial in nature, it also could be perceived as a bit demeaning or dismissive, negatively impacting the category. ChatGPT Personalization & Personable Touch Instructional Strategies Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Engagement & Interactivity BingChat Personalization & Personable Touch Instructional Strategies Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Instructional Strategies Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Personalization & Personable Touch Bard Personalization & Personable Touch Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Instructional Strategies Personalization & Personable Touch Instructional Strategies Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Reinforcement & Feedback Personalization & Personable Touch This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How GenAIbots Demystify Mole Concept, Avogadro’s Number, Atoms, and Molecules

কিভাবে GenAIbots মোল ধারণা, অ্যাভোগাড্রোর সংখ্যা, পরমাণু এবং অণুগুলিকে ডিমিস্টিফাই করে

Wie GenAIbots das Mole-Konzept, die Avogadro-Zahl, Atome und Moleküle entmystifizieren

Cómo los GenAIbots desmitifican el concepto de mole, el número de Avogadro, los átomos y las moléculas

Comment les GenAIbots démystifient le concept de taupe, le nombre d'Avogadro, les atomes et les molécules

GenAIbots ने मोल अवधारणा, एवोगैड्रो संख्या, परमाणु और अणुओं के रहस्य को कैसे उजागर किया

GenAIbots がモル概念、アボガドロ数、原子、分子を解明する方法

GenAIbot이 두더지 개념, 아보가드로의 수, 원자 및 분자를 이해하는 방법

Como GenAIbots desmistificam o conceito de toupeira, número de Avogadro, átomos e moléculas

Как GenAIbots демистифицируют концепцию кротов, число Авогадро, атомы и молекулы

GenAIbotlar Köstebek Kavramını, Avogadro Sayısını, Atomları ve Molekülleri Nasıl Aydınlatıyor?

Cách GenAIbots làm sáng tỏ khái niệm nốt ruồi, số lượng, nguyên tử và phân tử của Avogadro

GenAIbots 如何揭开摩尔概念、阿伏伽德罗常数、原子和分子的神秘面纱

Navigation with Large Language Models: Discussion and References

Location, Location, Location! PostGIS and Heroku Postgres

অবস্থান, অবস্থান, অবস্থান! পোস্টজিআইএস এবং হেরোকু পোস্টগ্রেস

Lage, Lage, Lage! PostGIS und Heroku Postgres

¡Ubicación, ubicación, ubicación! PostGIS y Heroku Postgres

Emplacement, emplacement, emplacement ! PostGIS et Heroku Postgres

स्थान, स्थान, स्थान! PostGIS और Heroku Postgres

場所、場所、場所！PostGIS と Heroku Postgres

위치, 위치, 위치! PostGIS와 Heroku Postgres

Localização, localização, localização! PostGIS e Heroku Postgres

Местоположение, Расположение, Местоположение! PostGIS и Heroku Postgres

Konum, Konum, Konum! PostGIS ve Heroku Postgres

Vị trí, vị trí, vị trí! PostGIS và Heroku Postgres

位置，位置，位置！PostGIS 和 Heroku Postgres

Artificial intelligence is exciting; the fresh technological breakthrough that took over our lives in less than a year hasn't stopped since. Personally, I have some issues with AI tools and how they are being used at the moment. With that, I cannot deny that they are a mighty instrument when given to the right person to do the right job - but as we all know, with great power comes great responsibility. Amidst the excitement and semi-fulfilled promises - did we ever stop to think about the cost of running 1,2,3 billion parameter models for hours on end, scaled across multiple instances, for millions of users, all at once? I was always an advocate of the "minimal web" concept (I will write an article about the concept in the future; there is a lot to say). We live in an era where on one side, everyone seems extremely concerned about the health of the planet (and for good reason). Yet on the other hand, no one is stopping to think how much the internet in its current state is costing us in terms of raw energy. Is it efficient? Is it green? Far from it. Traffic and Energy A while ago, I wrote a tiny TUI tool using Perl ( ), that monitors my internet traffic and aggregates the byte-length of packets that are sent and received while the tool is running. webmeter Just by opening Reddit's front page, my tool logged a whopping 5.85 megabytes of data transferred between my interface and Reddit's servers. Reddit as a website is a combination of text, low-to-mid-quality images, and the occasional video. It seems extremely unreasonable that just by opening Reddit's front page I transferred so much data across the planet (auto-playing videos were off during testing, this result excludes video content). Reddit's front page, a page that could have concluded with 10 kilobytes of content, javascript, and CSS (perhaps a few more kilobytes for additional images), needed 300 times the bandwidth just to load up. In comparison (considering the moon landing did not take place in a Hollywood basement), the software written for the Apollo 11 mission was only 72 kilobytes in size. Just for the kick of it, imagine billions of people, opening Reddit's front page, all together, at every moment, all the time. Try and think: what is the direct cost of transferring the data? What is the secondary cost? How much energy are we wasting as internet-consuming beings? This concept has been dwelling in my mind for the past year or so which was the main reason I hacked together my Perl tool in the first place. One "minimal web" thought led to another, and I realized that we are so consumed by the hype (or hate) that we are ignoring the cost of our artificial intelligence endeavors. How Can We Calculate the Energy Cost of AI As a Service (or Stable Diffusion for Example)? Accurately? We can't. Not without knowing how these services operate: which CPUs or GPUs (or dedicated chips) they are using. How many instances are they running, what is their load, what is the exact power consumption of the critical hardware, etc? But we can come to a pretty realistic (although not as accurate) conclusion if we put our minds to it. I chose for this example which is the most straightforward (and I believe popular) stable diffusion GUI out there. Let's start simple: Fooocus Using Fooocus, it took my old-timer GPU (a Quadro P2000) about 10 minutes to generate an image. According to the performance table on Fooocus's repository, we know that using an Nvidia RTX 4XXX GPU would give us the fastest result. My Quadro is somewhat comparable to an Nvidia GTX 1060, therefore, we know that using an Nvidia GTX 1060 GPU, we can generate an image in approximately 10 minutes. After some searching online, I concluded that the most commonly used (enterprise) GPU for AI/ML is the Nvidia A100 (up to 400W under load). The Nvidia A100 is a massively more powerful GPU than the Nvidia GTX 1060; it is also built specifically for AI and ML. Therefore, let's assume that generating an image using an Nvidia A100 will take 5 seconds (if anyone reading this has accurate data about the A100 and its performance, please share). Using the formula E = P * T, an Nvidia A100 GPU power consumption under load for 5 seconds costs around 0.5 watt-hours. Adding on to this example: Midjourney (or other AI image generation services) generates 4 images per prompt. Let's assume the service is using an array of Nvidia A100s to generate the images which means that the service is probably wasting around 2 watt-hours of energy for each prompt, for each user. As of November 2023, Midjourney has 2.5 million DAUs. 2Wh x 2,500,000 Users x 24 Hours = 120,000,000Wh (per day, considering every DAU is executing a prompt per hour, in reality, it is much more than that).
120,000,000Wh = 120,000MWh 120,000 Mega watt hours could potentially power over 100,000 households for a whole month. Modestly, services such as Midjourney, Dall-E, or even self-hosted solutions such as Fooocus, waste at the very least 50 million watt-hours per day, each (considering their GPUs are state-of-the-art and each DAU uses the service for a few hours every day). This amount of energy could potentially power over 100,000 average-sized households for a month, per day. Keep in mind that we only talked about image generation services; let's not forget about all other services, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Bard, and all of their versions and flavors. The list, and waste, goes on. What Should We Do? How should we, as developers, come together to address this emerging issue? How can we take measures to educate others to use energy responsibly? I would love to hear your thoughts about this topic and its possible solutions. Also published here

The Energy-Inefficient AI Era Is Already Here: The Cost of AI

শক্তি-অদক্ষ এআই যুগ ইতিমধ্যেই এখানে: এআই-এর খরচ

Das Zeitalter der energieineffizienten KI ist bereits angebrochen: Die Kosten der KI

La era de la IA energéticamente ineficiente ya está aquí: el coste de la IA

L’ère de l’IA économe en énergie est déjà là : le coût de l’IA

ऊर्जा-अकुशल एआई युग पहले ही आ चुका है: एआई की लागत

エネルギー効率の悪い AI 時代はすでに到来: AI のコスト

에너지 비효율적인 AI 시대는 이미 도래했습니다: AI의 비용

A era da IA com ineficiência energética já chegou: o custo da IA

Эра энергоэффективного искусственного интеллекта уже наступила: стоимость искусственного интеллекта

Enerji Açısından Verimsiz Yapay Zeka Çağı Zaten Geldi: Yapay Zekanın Maliyeti

Kỷ nguyên AI sử dụng năng lượng kém đã đến: Chi phí của AI

能源效率低下的人工智能时代已经到来：人工智能的成本

Toppled power lines catalyze fires and electrical injuries amid an already upsetting hurricane. Natural disaster recovery is expensive and time-consuming, as its ferocity makes operations more complex. The time for resilient, modern infrastructure is now and that is visible in the planet’s extensive network of underwater cables. However, critical fixtures like these are prime targets for cybercriminals because of how much data travels through them. Are humans doing enough to safeguard them? The Importance of Undersea Internet Cables Undersea cables are as subtle as they can be despite worldwide. They are small in diameter and house impressively thin wires despite the immense pressures and climate of the deep ocean. Visualizing how much they impact the world’s day-to-day operations is challenging. However, they are deceptively critical for our productive, communicative planet, sending up to 224 Tbps (terabits per second). spanning 1.4 million kilometers Global Connectivity An estimated through hundreds of fiber-optic undersea cables. Disrupting this much communication and data transfer with careless cable management and security could uproot societies. 97% of Earth’s information passes The subsea infrastructure map describes international relations and what regions are responsible for the most information distribution and retrieval. Because this information is public, it’s straightforward for criminal syndicates to craft a profitable project. Economic Impact Nations connected to these cables have a more impressive global reach, signifying international economic prominence, expansion, and urban development. Unfortunately, cybersecurity breaches are expensive to isolate and recoup from, and prices balloon yearly. Critical infrastructure compromises have a price tag higher than any other type of breach, per instance. This is a culmination of essential businesses shutting down and becoming inoperable, labor required to contain the threat, and resources necessary to put everything back online and salvage extricated data. averaging around $5 million Technological Advancements Submarine cables are one of the backbones of digital transformation and tech development. These were and the Internet of Things because they deliver high-speed, low-latency connections to every area. The robust infrastructure makes communities more efficient and convenient, but its surface area means more entry points and potential vulnerabilities for hackers. critical in expanding 5G Physical Threats to Undersea Cables Cybersecurity risks are not all hidden within the digital ether — physical threats accompany those efforts. How do they appear and how can the world defend against them? Natural Disasters and Wildlife Seismic activity and oceanic storms threaten cable sturdiness. Additionally, sharks and other marine life add more stress. Severed cables leave gaps for hackers to tinker and fix the wires to work for them. Advocating for regulation to standardize the usage of strong materials that do not degrade under sand and water is necessary for keeping them out of harm’s way. Additionally, endorsing any legislation to reduce climate change impacts indirectly supports subsea cable health. Human Activities Consider how a heavy anchor could cut or smash an old cable. Threat actors are just as capable of this type of physical destruction to cyber infrastructure as they are of executing it within digital landscapes. Other destructive activities include drilling or fishing. Additionally, and could permeate any commercial industry with financially-susceptible interests. nation-state sabotage is not unheard of Aging Infrastructure New cables may hit ocean floors, but this does not mean old ones are getting the upgrade they need. Additionally, many of the most critical wires are in clumps, making it easier to attack a lot at once. Updates should include redistributing chokepoints for less concentrated attack surfaces. Even amateur hackers know antiquated technology stops receiving support, meaning vulnerabilities abound. Undersea transmission must be able to receive ongoing patches and updates to withstand novel threat variants. Cyber Threats to Undersea Cables The attacks within digital spaces are arguably more destructive. These are the most notable threat variants and ways humanity should protect cables. Wiretapping Tapping undersea cables has been , demonstrating the literal leagues people will go to impede and damage communications and information. This can happen by going underwater or tapping it from a landing station. happening since the First World War DDoS Attacks Interrupting internet connections is a lucrative venture, primarily when and health care rely on connectivity just as much as everyone else. Overwhelming submarine cables are an obvious way to extend the outage duration because remediation takes so long. essential services like finance Data Interception Instead of destroying or bombarding cables, why not place a small bug to capture bytes of sensitive data? Disrupting signals allows criminals to receive immediate information while redirecting or obstructing communication — a popular option for espionage. Surveillance threats are harder to catch, making them enticing to criminal outfits. Intercepting data may also occur through social engineering, such as manipulating an official to steal credentials to access subsea wire operating systems. Protection of Undersea Cables Dedicated upkeep makes these techniques viable for the long term. Next-generation remote monitoring and maintenance systems will be quintessential for identifying threat attempts, detecting backdoors, submitting updates, and gathering data. This calls for upgraded inventory management systems , as well as coordinate and record each cable with greater visibility. to cut costs and improve efficiency Education on physical and digital threats is vital for forging plans to make undersea cables secure. The International Cable Protection Committee is an example of the degree of commitment the planet needs. They submit calls to action from the most powerful entities, including recent events like involving hard-to-access, damaged cables. the compromises in the Red Sea Generally, international laws to deliver the coverage undersea cables demand. Writing contingency plans, filling out regulatory gaps, and completing more risk assessments require dedicated research into the resilience and distribution of the wires. This knowledge is limited, publicly unavailable or hard to access. need to be more holistic Advanced encryption and security measures based on the most up-to-date compliance frameworks ensure the industry’s best knowledge shields these cables. More digital and physical walls equate to better data integrity. Authorities must get into the habit of consulting with leaders like the ICPC and related organizations for informed guidance. This includes discussing industry threats and thoughtful operations execution with businesses like fisheries. Out of Sight, Out of Mind Ignoring the power and value of submarine cables allows their data and influence to fall into the hands of cybercriminals. More comprehensive and strict protective measures are crucial for withstanding the modern hacker’s constantly developing and subversive tactics. Global connectivity and sustainable development mandate it, which only happens with collaboration and awareness of how essential underwater infrastructure is.

Are We Ignoring the Cybersecurity Risks of Undersea Internet Cables?

Serverless Software Development is a cutting-edge approach to building software applications. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore what Serverless Software Development is, its benefits, the different types of services available, how to build Serverless applications, and some best practices to follow. So, let’s dive in! What Is Serverless Software Development? Serverless Software Development, also known as Function as a Service (FaaS), is a cloud computing model that eliminates the need for infrastructure management. In traditional software development, developers have to provision, manage, and scale the servers to run their applications. However, with Serverless, developers focus solely on writing code without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. Serverless works on the principle of executing code in response to events or triggers. Developers write functions that perform specific tasks and deploy them to a cloud provider, such as AWS Lambda or Google Cloud Functions. These functions are then executed only when triggered, resulting in reduced costs, improved scalability, and increased productivity. One of the key benefits of Serverless Software Development is its cost-effectiveness. With traditional server-based architectures, developers have to pay for the infrastructure even when their applications are not being used. This can lead to unnecessary expenses, especially for applications with fluctuating usage patterns. In contrast, Serverless allows developers to pay only for the actual execution time of their functions. This pay-as-you-go model ensures that developers are not paying for idle resources, resulting in significant cost savings. Another advantage of Serverless is its scalability. In traditional architectures, developers have to manually provision and manage servers to handle peak loads. This process can be time-consuming and often leads to over-provisioning or under-provisioning of resources. With Serverless, the cloud provider automatically scales the infrastructure based on the demand. Functions are executed in parallel, allowing the application to handle sudden spikes in traffic without any manual intervention. This scalability ensures that the application can handle any workload, providing a seamless experience to users. Serverless also promotes developer productivity. By abstracting away the infrastructure management, developers can focus solely on writing code and delivering value to the users. They don’t have to worry about server maintenance, security patches, or infrastructure scaling. This allows developers to iterate faster and release new features more frequently. Additionally, Serverless architectures often encourage the use of microservices, which further enhances productivity. Developers can break down their applications into smaller, independent functions, making it easier to develop, test, and deploy changes. However, Serverless Software Development is not without its challenges. One of the main concerns is vendor lock-in. As developers rely on cloud providers for their infrastructure, it can be difficult to switch providers or migrate to a different architecture. This can limit the flexibility and portability of the application. Additionally, Serverless architectures introduce new complexities in terms of debugging and monitoring. Since functions are executed in a distributed environment, it can be challenging to trace and debug issues. Similarly, monitoring the performance and health of the application requires specialized tools and techniques. In conclusion, Serverless Software Development offers numerous benefits, such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, and increased productivity. It allows developers to focus solely on writing code without worrying about infrastructure management. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges, including vendor lock-in and complexities in debugging and monitoring. Despite these challenges, Serverless is gaining popularity in the software development industry, as it provides a more efficient and streamlined approach to building and deploying applications. Benefits of Serverless Software Development There are numerous benefits to adopting Serverless Software Development: : With Serverless software, you only pay for the actual resource consumption, eliminating costs for idle time or over-provisioning. Cost Efficiency : Serverless platforms automatically scale your applications based on the number of incoming requests, ensuring optimal performance and minimizing the risk of downtime. Auto Scaling : By focusing solely on writing code and not managing infrastructure, developers can rapidly develop and deploy applications, enabling faster time to market. Faster Time to Market : Serverless platforms are designed to be highly available, ensuring that your applications are resilient and can withstand failures without interruption. Highly Available One of the key benefits of Serverless Software Development is its cost efficiency. Traditional server-based architectures often require provisioning and maintaining servers that may not be fully utilized, leading to unnecessary costs. With Serverless, you only pay for the actual resource consumption, eliminating costs for idle time or over-provisioning. This allows organizations to optimize their spending and allocate resources more effectively. Another advantage of Serverless Software Development is auto-scaling. Serverless platforms automatically scale your applications based on the number of incoming requests. This ensures that your applications can handle sudden spikes in traffic without any manual intervention. By dynamically allocating resources as needed, Serverless platforms provide optimal performance and minimize the risk of downtime. This scalability feature is particularly beneficial for applications that experience unpredictable or fluctuating traffic patterns. In addition to cost efficiency and auto-scaling, Serverless Software Development enables faster time to market. By focusing solely on writing code and not managing infrastructure, developers can rapidly develop and deploy applications. This streamlined development process allows organizations to bring new features and products to market more quickly, gaining a competitive edge. With Serverless, developers can focus on the core logic of their applications, without having to worry about server provisioning, configuration, or maintenance. Furthermore, Serverless platforms are designed to be highly available. They are built with redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, ensuring that your applications are resilient and can withstand failures without interruption. Serverless architectures distribute workloads across multiple instances, reducing the risk of single points of failure. This high availability feature ensures that your applications are always accessible to users, providing a seamless experience and minimizing the impact of any potential disruptions. In conclusion, Serverless Software Development offers numerous benefits, including cost efficiency, auto-scaling, faster time to market, and high availability. By leveraging Serverless platforms, organizations can optimize their spending, handle varying levels of traffic, accelerate their development cycles, and ensure uninterrupted access to their applications. Adopting Serverless can be a strategic decision that enables businesses to stay agile, competitive, and responsive to changing market demands. Types of Serverless Software Development Services When it comes to serverless software development services, there is a wide range of options available to cater to various application needs. Let’s take a closer look at some of the most popular types: Compute Services Compute services, such as AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions, are at the forefront of serverless technology. These services allow you to run your own code without the hassle of provisioning or managing servers. With compute services, you can focus solely on writing and deploying your code, while the underlying infrastructure is abstracted away. Whether you’re building a small microservice or a complex application, compute services provide the flexibility and scalability you need. They automatically scale your code in response to incoming requests, ensuring optimal performance and cost-efficiency. Database Services Serverless databases have revolutionized the way developers store and retrieve data. Services like AWS DynamoDB and Firebase Realtime Database offer scalable storage and retrieval capabilities without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure. With serverless databases, you can easily handle massive amounts of data without worrying about provisioning or scaling servers. These services automatically manage the storage and replication of your data, ensuring high availability and durability. Additionally, they provide seamless integration with other serverless services, enabling you to build powerful and efficient applications. Messaging Services Event-driven communication is a crucial aspect of modern applications, and serverless messaging services make it easier than ever. AWS Simple Notification Service (SNS) and Google Cloud Pub/Sub are two popular examples of messaging services that enable seamless communication between different components of your application. With serverless messaging services, you can decouple your application’s components, allowing them to communicate asynchronously. This approach enhances scalability, fault tolerance, and overall application performance. Whether you need to notify users about important events or trigger actions based on specific events, messaging services provide the necessary infrastructure to make it happen. Storage Services Serverless storage services, such as AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage, have transformed the way developers handle object storage. These services offer scalable and durable storage without the need to manage servers or storage infrastructure. With serverless storage services, you can store and retrieve any amount of data, from a few kilobytes to terabytes or more. These services automatically handle data replication, backup, and disaster recovery, ensuring the safety and availability of your data. Additionally, they provide various features like access control, versioning, and lifecycle management, making it easy to build robust and secure applications. As you can see, the world of serverless software development services is vast and diverse. Whether you’re looking for compute power, database capabilities, messaging infrastructure, or storage solutions, there is a serverless service out there to meet your needs. Embracing these services can significantly simplify your development process, improve scalability, and reduce operational overhead. So, explore the possibilities and leverage the power of serverless technology to take your applications to new heights! How to Build Serverless Applications Building Serverless applications involves a few key steps: : Identify the problem you want to solve and determine if Serverless is the right fit for your application. Define Your Use Case : Select a cloud provider that offers Serverless services compatible with your development stack and requirements. Choose a Cloud Provider : Design your application architecture, taking advantage of Serverless services to achieve scalability, fault-tolerance, and cost efficiency. Architect Your Application : Implement functions that perform specific tasks and leverage Serverless frameworks and tools to deploy them to the cloud provider. Write Functions : Thoroughly test your Serverless application and iterate on the design and implementation to improve performance and address any issues. Test and Iterate Best Practices for Serverless Software Development When developing Serverless applications, it’s important to follow best practices to ensure efficient and reliable deployments: : Break down your application into smaller, single-purpose functions to maximize reusability and minimize deployment size. Granular Functions : Implement robust error handling to handle exceptions and failures gracefully, providing informative error messages to users. Proper Error Handling : Use techniques like caching, parallel processing, and asynchronous programming to optimize performance and reduce execution time. Optimize Performance : Implement proper security measures, such as encryption, authentication, and access control, to protect your Serverless applications and data. Security and Authorization : Leverage monitoring tools and logs provided by the cloud provider to gain insights into your application’s performance and troubleshoot any issues. Monitor and Debug Serverless Software Development is a revolutionary approach that allows developers to focus solely on writing code, without the hassle of managing servers and infrastructure. In this comprehensive guide, we covered what Serverless Software Development is and its benefits, explored different types of Serverless services, discussed the steps involved in building Serverless applications, and highlighted some best practices to follow. By embracing Serverless, developers can accelerate application development, improve scalability, reduce costs, and streamline operations. So, whether you’re a seasoned developer or just getting started, Serverless Software Development offers a compelling solution for building modern, efficient applications. How Does Qrvey Use Serverless Technology? Qrvey utilized AWS’s serverless technology to build our solution for multiple reasons. We took a technology leadership approach, knowing that the infrastructure supporting our product was just as important as the end-user experience. embedded analytics provides the ideal tech stack to power embedded analytics within SaaS applications. It empowers us to deliver advanced, customizable analytics experiences within our partners’ applications. Serverless technology from AWS While the user experience remains paramount, serverless also enables us to effectively scale our embedded analytics solution. In the end, serverless is the only path to achieving true on-demand infrastructure that scales and is cost-effective.

Serverless Software Development: Everything You Need to Know

সার্ভারলেস সফটওয়্যার ডেভেলপমেন্ট: আপনার যা কিছু জানা দরকার

Serverlose Softwareentwicklung: Alles, was Sie wissen müssen

Desarrollo de software sin servidor: todo lo que necesita saber

Développement de logiciels sans serveur : tout ce que vous devez savoir

सर्वर रहित सॉफ़्टवेयर विकास: वह सब कुछ जो आपको जानना आवश्यक है

サーバーレス ソフトウェア開発: 知っておくべきことすべて

서버리스 소프트웨어 개발: 알아야 할 모든 것

Desenvolvimento de software sem servidor: tudo o que você precisa saber

Бессерверная разработка программного обеспечения: все, что вам нужно знать

Sunucusuz Yazılım Geliştirme: Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey

Phát triển phần mềm serverless: Mọi thứ bạn cần biết

无服务器软件开发：您需要了解的一切

To automatically cast between types in , we need to look at something called implicit operators in C#. In particular, we’ll need to define what are s. By defining these on our types, we can instruct the compiler how to convert between types without the need to write explicit casting in our code. C# static implicit operator This article will provide sample code to help you understand how they can be implemented in a practical scenario. Check it out, and let me know if you have any questions! What are Implicit Operators in C#? are a powerful feature that allows objects of one type to be automatically converted to another without the need for an explicit cast. They provide a way to seamlessly convert between types, making code more concise and readable. Implicit operators in C# Implicit operators are defined as special methods within a class or struct, using the keyword. These methods specify the conversion from one type to another. When the compiler encounters an assignment or expression involving compatible types, it will automatically invoke the appropriate implicit operator to perform the conversion. implicit Code Example: Automatically Cast Between Types in C# In this example, we’re going to walk through binary capacity! As software engineers, we’re always having to convert between bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and beyond. While this is relatively straightforward, the fact that it’s not exactly a decimal conversion (i.e. multiply/divide by 1000) but instead a factor of 1024 introduces a bit of cognitive overhead. Let’s start with our first type for megabytes: public struct Megabytes
{
    public double Value { get; }

    public Megabytes(double value)
    {
        Value = value;
    }

    // Implicitly converts Megabytes to Gigabytes
    public static implicit operator Gigabytes(Megabytes megabytes)
    {
        return new Gigabytes(megabytes.Value / 1024);
    }
} As you can see in the code example above, we’ll need to consider the next type for gigabytes: public struct Gigabytes
{
    public double Value { get; }

    public Gigabytes(double value)
    {
        Value = value;
    }

    // Implicitly converts Gigabytes to Megabytes
    public static implicit operator Megabytes(Gigabytes gigabytes)
    {
        return new Megabytes(gigabytes.Value * 1024);
    }
} These two types are very similar, but they provide logic for converting one way or the other via the . This is what makes the magic happen for us. Now let’s look at how we can use these: static [implicit operator](https://www.devleader.ca/2023/05/31/implicit-operators-in-c-and-how-to-create-a-multi-type/) // Implicitly convert Megabytes to Gigabytes
Megabytes storage = new Megabytes(2048); // 2 GB in megabytes
Gigabytes gigabytes = storage; // Implicit conversion to Gigabytes

Console.WriteLine(gigabytes.Value); // Output: 2

// Implicitly convert Gigabytes back to Megabytes
Megabytes megabytes = gigabytes; // Implicit conversion back to Megabytes
Console.WriteLine(megabytes.Value); // Output: 2048 In this code snippet, we can directly assign Gigabytes to Megabytes because of the . The underlying value is scaled accordingly, and that way when we go to use either of them we get the correct numeric value backing it! implicit operator Wrapping Up How To Automatically Cast Between Types in C# To conclude, being able to automatically cast between types in C# is accomplished by introducing a . In this article, we got to see a simple use case for working with conversions between size of of binary data. If you’d like to see more examples, you can check out this . static implicit operator project on my DevLeader GitHub Also published here.

Casting Between Types Automatically in C#

“ ” Nephrologist: Hello. We've got a set of failing kidneys. Please, how soon can we get a new set created and ready to implant? “ . Biotechician: We’ll come for the patient's biomaterials and have them ready in the next two months” That could have saved the life of a family friend after her kidneys failed 5 years ago—worst, she had a rare blood type. After being on the waiting list for 3 years undergoing excruciatingly painful dialysis, she caved into the verdict she dreaded the most. However, this article is not just a sob story of a friend. This is a revelation of how regenerative medicine, which you might have thought belonged to the fictitious world of Sci-fi, could be the savior of many lives like hers now and in the future. I’m talking about “3D Bioprinting”. The Back Story The number of humans with failing organs on the waiting list for organ transplants is overwhelming for the medical field. Organdonor.gov states that in the U.S. alone, over 103 thousand men, women, and children are on the national transplant waiting list. Every 10 minutes, one person is added to the list and 17 people die each day waiting for an organ transplant. In 2023, out of 88,551 awaiting kidney donors, only about 24% received transplants. That is in the U.S. alone, we can only try to imagine what the numbers could be in other parts of the world.. Or can we even imagine the reality in third-world countries with no structured organ donation system? Dr. Jennifer Lewis, a professor at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, in an interview with CNN, has an insight into the problem. In her statement, she mentioned that on a yearly average, there are only around 6,000 living donors open to offering their organs and about 8,000 deceased donors who could each provide approximately 3.5 organs. Dead donors are people who die from catastrophic health events or accidents, making some of their organs salvageable before they completely stop living. However, because of such events, their organs may not be of high quality for a donation or they may not even be on the organ donor list or it may be hard to find a good match. For living donors, there is a scare as to what their life is worth, if it is the right choice to make if they are willing to let go and embrace the possible complications that may arise from donating their organs and the surgery involved - especially if the patient is not related to them. There is a two-step delirium that raises the most fear for a patient clinging onto the last thread of hope. First, finding a donor match, then hoping the patient's body doesn't reject the donated organ. And from all the premises stated above, this is a tough call. A wait list could just as well be a death row. What if it could be different? What if organs could be printed from biodata, materials, and cells of a patient instead of waiting for months to years to find a donor that would match? What if regenerative medicine is the solution staring into our eyes? A handful of medical conditions would meet their end if this could happen. Ordering a newly generated body part from the cells of the patient to replace the old one could easily be more effective and faster than organ donations. This brings us to the 3D organ bioprinting. What is 3D Bioprinting? The idea of 3D bioprinting is like that of conventional 3D printing. However, it is premised on the use of organ regenerative actions which involve the manufacturing and development of organs, tissues, and body parts such as the liver, skin, heart, eyes, bones, etc. While conventional 3D printers use computer files to extrude and create objects with complex structures, 3D bioprinters make use of bioinks containing living viable cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules to create bioartificial organs of a human. This works by assembling layer-by-layer multiple cell types, biomaterials and molecules, and other growth factors that would be a replica of the natural prototypes. In this case, it is beyond just mere perception that creating a new component for a body by using its cells is much more reliable than taking a component with a completely different cell structure from another body to replace a component in a body. This way, a patient, on-demand, can have personalized replacement body parts with a very low possibility of their body rejecting the new parts. This technology is driven by the need to find the accurate organ and tissue types that would be a match for patients who need organ replacement and is opening new avenues for future organ transplantation programs. How Does 3D Bioprinting Work? For bioprinting, every procedure starts with the biological cells of the person involved and applies the concepts of biomimetics and biomimicry. This simply means using a patient's cells to grow the needed organ. Biotechicians choose cells based on their physiology and functions. They consider the cells’ differentiation and proliferation by paying attention to features such as the cell type, size, and shape These different types of cells are rendered into a printable bioink, which involves mixing them up in materials like alginate or gelatin; before they are loaded into a nozzle. To continue, each cell is placed, layer by layer, in precise locations to form a cellular attachment and build a complex tissue that would develop the organ. For the cell's culture to grow, it is transferred to a scaffold where blood vessels are integrated into the tissue and the setup is connected to a pump that would deliver the right amount of oxygen and nutrients to keep it alive. With time, the tissue will begin to develop on its own, forming an organ that will increase both in maturity and function. This is a phase of 3D tissue engineering and although this is dramatically simplified, the process requires more technicalities only applicable to experts in the biotech field and could evolve with time. From the looks of things, 3D bioprinting is already here for good. Cases of 3D Bioprinting It is no longer a myth or a fictional idea; this regenerative medicine technology has become a reality. In this decade, research institutes, researchers, and doctors have dedicated time and resources, working actively on experimenting with organ bioprinting—some are already recording success. The First Ear Bioprint In 2022, the U.S. witnessed the implantation of a new ear on a 20-year-old lady born without her right ear. Of course, a new ear could have been artificially constructed and placed, but this time, Dr. Arturo Bonilla, a pediatric microtia surgeon, changed the rule of the game by developed out of the cartilage cells of the lady's left ear. implanting a 3D bioprinted ear Imagine multi-layered skin, cartilage, and muscle structures born out of laboratory-grown cells to form an ear. Amazing! This was a worthwhile revelation that bioprinting could change the way new body parts and organs were sourced. Ongoing Research on Bioprinting The race to find more potentially relieving 3D bioprinted tissues and organs surged even more. Still in 2022, and Dr. Michal Wszola, creator of Bionic Pancreas, revealed that some researchers in Poland were able to achieve the within a two-week window period, enabling stable blood flow in these pigs. this abstract 3D bioprint of pancreas in pigs Hope is alive as the National Institute of Health’s Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), in September 2023, awarded some Stanford researchers about to bioprint a human heart and transplant it into a pig in the next five years. $26 million in contract However, the with 4,000 kilometers of capillaries and 200 million alveoli, capable of carrying out oxygen exchange in animal models, which is a critical step towards the development of tolerable, transplantable lungs has been achieved by United Therapeutics Corporation. The goal is to have the lungs cleared for human trials within five years. 3D bioprinting of human lungs Another research institute with impressive strides is the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Researchers in this institute have been able to develop the following: A skin bioprinting system for patients suffering from skin cancers, burns, and other non-healing or deprecated kin conditions. A 3D bioprinting skeletal muscle system was shown to effectively contract in rodents and enable an 80% regain of lost muscular function in an anterior leg muscle within a space of 8 weeks. Printing of tubular structures like blood vessels or hollow, non-tubular organs like a bladder. 3D biocreation of a mini-kidney and a mini-liver. The challenge for Wake Forest scientists is the creation of larger and more solid organs that can fully mimic the functions of their prototypes. This is because these large organs, like the brain and heart, have so many cells per centimeter, and there is the challenge of vascularity and nutrition. The brain is a very complex tissue that is difficult to repair or replace when damaged. However, some Oxford researchers believe that the bioprinting of stem cells can reverse brain damage and injuries. These researchers have gone on to prove this verdict by creating 3D bioprinted stem cells which developed a biomimicry of the complex structure of the human cerebral cortex, having six layers (two “deep” layers and four “upper” layers), each with its type of neuron. When the tissues were implanted into slices of mouse brains, they successfully integrated into the mouse tissue, structurally and functionally. The Problems and Ethical Considerations Surrounding the Creation of Bioprinted Body Parts and Organs As much as this concept looks like a lifesaver for many hopeless medical cases in the world today, there are still some problems this could pose. The bioprinting of organs is based on individual medical care rather than a basic universal treatment plan like that of organ donation. There is an assumption that due to its personalized medicine status, the cost of this service may just be more expensive than a public treatment plan would be, and this could prevent financially unstable people from getting access to this service. Is it safe? We can't say for sure. The 3D printing of organs and parts of the body using bioink is not considered neutrally ethical and even if it is generated from the patient's cell, there are still problematic aspects in terms of cell reprogramming, differentiation, proliferation, and of course mutation which may usher in the much-dreaded apocalypse. There is the risk of tumorigenicity, which is the property of a cell to form tumors when inoculated. While bioprinting is considered an incoming savior of the sick and deprived, this technology cannot be rushed. The efficacy of its procedures has to be tried and tested severally before it can be rolled out as clinically applicable. If this is not done, it can lead to several deaths that may be beyond control. There are also additional ethical and legal concerns related to patients' genetic information collection, which also include the storage and use of these cells. Advantages of Bioprinting and Designer Bodies Every technology has a downside, but it so happens that compared to the downsides of this technology, if it is put through all processes of long years of research and experiment with a high success rate, 3D organ bioprinting could nearly nullify the cause of concern. There are issues the bioprinting of organs and body parts would solve: The endless waiting list that could spell ‘doomsday is awaiting’. The torture that comes with getting a transplant; only for the patient's antigens to reject the organ. The need for immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection, which leaves patients at higher risk of infection. The risk of a living donor (even though willing) experiencing some possible complications that could arise during surgery. Body parts manufactured through bioprinting can be enhanced to improve performance. Bones can be made stronger and more flexible, the brain can be made smart and alert, the lungs can be made to increase oxygen efficiency in the blood, etc. In terms of cost, while critics claim that the price of bioprinted parts would be expensive, the fact remains that compared to waiting years for an organ to finally get to a patient who is at risk of losing their life any moment, this is fair. Most times these donated organs come at a very high cost (although sometimes illegal) because of the demand. However, the price of a bioprinted organ could reduce considerably when they clinically pass trials and patients wouldn't have to wait for several months, to a couple of years to get them. How close are we to the future? Brain, kidneys, muscles, skins, livers, pancreas, and so much more are in the laboratory phase of 3D experimentation. In the next 5 to 10 years, there is a high expectation of breakthroughs in these experiments, some passing clinical trials and being fully implementable. Needless to say, a few decades from now, people like Cynthia  (my late friend whose story I narrated at the beginning of this article) won't have to accept the cruel death verdict while waiting for the right organ match.

Bioprinting Organs on Demand: From Sci-fi to Reality and the Ethical Dilemma of Designer Bodies

Hey, Everyone; today, I have curated a list of 25+ javascript projects for beginners with source code. All these Projects are updated and available on my GitHub. You can check out my GitHub for a more curated list, projects, and much more. If you want to contribute, feel free to open a Pull Request. Without any further ado, let’s start 🏃‍♂️ The 25+ Javascript Projects for beginners with source code are Table of Contents iOS Calculator App Travel India Age Prediction Tfjs Connect ME Weather App Digital Clock FlashLight Effect Puzzle Game QR Code Rich Text Editor Background Color Switcher Image Slider Analogue Clock Brick Breaker Balloon Pop Interactive Quiz Math Addition Guess The Number RSS News Feed Session Storage To-Do List Whack a Mole Word Counter Weight Conversion Expense Calculator Random Quote Toss a Coin 1. iOS Calculator App This is the replica of the original iOS calculator. It is built using HTML, CSS, and Javascript. This project contains the basic functionality of a calculator, including addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: JavaScript, HTML, CSS iOS Calculator JavaScript 2. Travel India Travel India is a Project that focuses on India’s top 4 most visited tourist places. This project has a lovely UI controlled by Javascript. The Navigation is done by using Javascript. It also has a very beautiful Navbar. | Live Preview Source Code Travel India 3. Age Prediction Tfjs Age prediction app uses the machine learning model of OpenCV and Tensorflow JS to predict the Age of a person using face recognition. It is solely built by using an open-source model of TFjs. | Live Preview Source Code Age Prediction Tfjs 4. Connect ME This is the clone of . Those who don’t want to use LinkTr.ee can use this static application to share links with the audience. It is built using HTML, CSS, JS, and a little bit of node.js. LinkTr.ee | Live Preview Source Code 5. Weather App This project tells you the weather in a city. You just need to type the name of the city and click on fetch, and it will show the weather of the city. For the weather, it utilizes API. OpenWeatherMap Check out the full code on GitHub. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: Javascript, HTML, CSS, OpenWeatherMap API Weather App using JS Want to add your Javascript Project? Feel free to contribute, open a Pull Request Contribute Docker Run Command example the ultimate cheatsheet 6. Digital Clock This is a digital clock that shows the time along with the Date. It uses your system time to fetch the current time and displays it. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: Javascript, HTML, CSS Digital Clock javascript 7. FlashLight Effect It is a simple application for mouse tracking. There is a dark web page with some text in it, and wherever the mouse goes, it illuminates its surrounding area. Beautifully built using Vanilla JS. | Live Preview Source Code FlashLight Effect Javascript 8. Puzzle Game A Puzzle Game is a project that contains misplaced pieces of an image. You have to rearrange the missing pieces so that they become the same as the right side image. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: Javascript, HTML, CSS Puzzle Game Javascript 9. QR Code A simple application to make QR code as well as it can read it, with a beautiful UI. Works on a local server. Created by Using QrCode.js package. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: QrCode.js, Javascript, HTML, CSS QR Code Javascript 10. Rich Text Editor Have you ever used Microsoft Word? and wondered how you can make one? A rich text editor is a Word-like editor that contains a ribbon that has all the functionality like Bold, Italic, Text Formatting, etc. | Live Preview Source Code Rich Text Editor Javascript Want to add your Javascript Project? Feel free to contribute, open a Pull Request Contribute 11. Background Color Switcher The Background of the application will change based on the user’s color selection. The user has two clicks on his desired color, and the whole background color will change. | Live Preview Source Code Technologies Used: Javascript, HTML, CSS, DOM Manipulation Background Color Switcher Javascript 12. Image Slider An Image Carousel made by using Javascript. It’s a simple application that shows all the images when the user clicks on the next button. | Live Preview Source Code Image Slider Javascript 13. Analogue Clock An analog clock that uses JavaScript and the Canvas Web API | Live Preview Source Code Analogue Clock Javascript 14. Brick Breaker It's a breaker game. Made by using canvas API. | Live Preview Source Code Brick Breaker Javascript 15. Balloon Pop Balloon Pop game. Move your mouse over the balloon to pop it. Pop all the balloons to finish the game. | Live Preview Source Code Brick Breaker Javascript Want to add your Javascript Project? Feel free to contribute, open a Pull Request Contribute 16. Interactive Quiz A simple web-based quiz about baby animal names. The HTML file sets up the structure of the quiz, including a container for the quiz, a heading, a section for the question, a list for multiple-choice answers, a message area, a result area, and a button to proceed to the next question. | Live Preview Source Code Quiz APP Javascript 17. Math Addition A simple web-based arithmetic game specifically designed for addition operations. The HTML file sets up the structure of the game, which includes a canvas area containing two numbers and an addition sign. The user is expected to input their guess for the sum of the two numbers in an input field. A button is provided to check the user’s answer. | Live Preview Source Code Math Addition Javascript 18. Guess The Number This project is a number-guessing game where the user attempts to guess a random number between 1 and 100 within 10 tries. The game’s interface, styled with CSS and powered by JavaScript, provides feedback on previous guesses and the number of remaining attempts. | Live Preview Source Code Guess The Number Javascript 19. RSS News Feed This project is a simple RSS News Feed reader. The HTML file sets up the structure of the application, which includes a heading with an RSS icon and a title that will display the name of the selected news source (defaulted to “PratikPathak.com”). There’s also a date section and a main content area where the news feed will be displayed in a list format. | Live Preview Source Code RSS News Feed Javascript 20. Session Storage To-Do List This project is a simple Todo List application. The HTML file sets up the structure of the application, which includes a heading, an input field for entering tasks, and a button for adding tasks. There’s also a dedicated area where the tasks will be displayed. | Live Preview Source Code Session Storage To-Do List Javascript Want to add your Javascript Project? Feel free to contribute, open a Pull Request Contribute 21. Whack a Mole This project is a web-based game called “Whack-a-Mole.” The HTML structure includes a score display, a start button, and a game area with six “holes”, each containing a “mole”. The game’s visual styling is linked via a CSS file named “styles.css”, and the functionality is provided by a JavaScript file named “script.js”. The user is expected to “whack” the moles by clicking on them as they randomly appear from the holes. | Live Preview Source Code Whack a Mole Javascript 22. Word Counter This project is a simple web-based Word Length Calculator. The HTML file sets up the structure of the application, which includes a heading, an input field for entering a word, a display area for the output, and a button to trigger the calculation. | Live Preview Source Code Word Counter Javascript 23. Weight Conversion This project is a simple web-based Weight Conversion Tool. The HTML file sets up the structure of the application, which includes a form with a heading, an input field for entering a weight in pounds, and a display area for the converted weight in kilograms. | Live Preview Source Code Weight Conversion Javascript 24. Expense Calculator This project is a Budget App, a web-based application that allows users to manage their budget and expenses. The HTML structure includes sections for entering a budget, displaying the current budget, expenses, and balance, and entering expenses. | Live Preview Source Code Expense Calculator Javascript 25. Random Quote This project is a simple web-based “Quote of the Day” application. The HTML file sets up the structure of the application, which includes a heading, a paragraph instructing the user to press a button to receive a random quote, a button that triggers the quote generation, and two paragraphs where the quote and its author will be displayed. | Live Preview Source Code Random Quote javascript 26. Toss a Coin This project is a simple web-based Coin Toss game. The HTML file sets up the structure of the game, which includes a title, a brief description, an image of a coin, and a button to toss the coin. | Live Preview Source Code Toss a Coin Javascript Want to add your Javascript Project? Feel free to contribute and open a Pull Request . Contribute Conclusion This is the list of Updated 25+ Javascript Projects for beginners. Each and every project contains at least three files , and . If you want to add your project, feel free to open a Pull Request on . index.html style.css script.js GitHub Also published . here

25+ Beginner Javascript Projects With Source Code on Github

Let's learn about via these 76 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Marketplace /Learn Repo 1. 5 Things That Make Ecommerce Startups Work 2. What is the Biggest Risk For Passion Economy Startups? Creators want a direct relationship with their own users, which is against the platforms’ DNA. E.g. FB restricts ability for large group admins to message members. Agree that platforms adding in direct monetization
features is a big risk though to new startups in the Passion Economy.
Here’s some tactics for startups to hedge against incumbents: 3. How to Build an NFT Marketplace App Numerous people utilize numerous online NFT marketplace to buy and sell goods using Blockchain technology and other cryptocurrencies. 4. Innovation in The Yachting Industry: What to Build in a Not-So-Known Industry What's the main digitalization trends in the yachting industry and points to specific areas of improvement where AI-based solutions should be applied? 5. Can You Tell What Products On This List Are Prohibited On Amazon? Amazon is the largest retailer in the world, but a majority of the sales on the site come from third-party sellers. Along with toasters and mops, the site’s a target for people trying to sell dangerous and illicit products. 6. Options in the Metaverse: Enjin, The Sandbox, and Other Marketplaces The use of Blockchain technology in Metaverse games is allowing the expansion of various Marketplaces to monetize creations of artists, users and players in gen 7. What Will the Next Era of Marketplaces Look Like? 8. Passion Economy: The "Influencer Stack" and Chinese Influencer Incubators [Tweetstorm] 9. Li Jin: My Path to Venture Capital 10. Community-as-a-Service Concept: How You Can Monetize Access 11. Being A Creator: Definition, Economy, Tools and More 12. An Introduction to MaaS; Marketplace As a Service 13. 15 Top NFT Marketplaces To Check Out in 2022 NFT marketplaces are emerging quickly, but among them, choosing the right one is essential. Click on the link to know the top-15 NFT marketplace. 14. We Are Making Crypto More Usable In The FIAT world Bitcoin & crypto were originally intended to be used as a currency. Hardly surprising that has not happened when it’s so complex for non tech savvy and without a marketplace for buyers and sellers to transact. 15. Crypto eCommerce is on the Rise Safex Blockchain realizes Satoshi’s abandoned eCommerce dream, but with privacy features from Monero. True P2P sale of goods & services is now a reality. 16. Top 5 Freelance Marketplace to Start Your Online Сareer Are you trying to earn a living online? 17. The Secret Behind Successful Marketplaces [Tweetstorm] Thread: The best consumer marketplaces end up
supply-constrained, because they tap into an incredible amount of demand. For instance, Airbnb, Lyft, and Uber have seemingly infinite demand since the product/market fit is so strong–and this demand puts pressure on supply. 18. Passion Economy is a Consumer Enterprization Movement 19. Amazon Is Losing Market Share Across Several Segments to Competitors [A Numbers Game] You’ve probably read about how Amazon has put a stop to its paid acquisition. We’ve covered the topic extensively already over the past few weeks, and yet, what we’ve recently discovered sheds some light on the magnitude of this move. 20. Founder Interviews: Matt Creager of Manifold Matt is the co-founder & VP of Marketing and Developer Relations at Manifold, the cloud-native marketplace company. 21. Passion Economy: Not All Communities Are Created Equal 22. Reminder: Not All Virtual Currencies Are Crypto Hola! Örvendek! Gutentag! Kayfak? In my neverending search to connect with other humans, I’ve always been fond of learning new languages... 23. Introducing My Product Vision Realized Pre-emptively READ ON DOWNWARD for a sneak preview of an up-and-coming bot I've been creating that might make a subscribable appearance... 24. How The Capital Markets Industry is Being Innovated and Why You Should Be Happy About It The adaption of digital assets, along with blockchain infrastructures, has placed tremendous pressure on stock exchanges, marketplaces, and trading vehicles. 25. The World's First 'Idea Currency' by UCROWDME UCROWDME is the world’s first idea currency and global ideas marketplace where people can sell their ideas to businesses, protected on the blockchain. 26. Passion Economy: How to Organically Grow While Maintaining Paid Groups 27. Delete-This Can't delete story from dashboard. To be deleted. [28. Facebook & the Libra Effect: The New Importance of Privacy in Online Marketplaces](https://hackernoon.com/facebook-and-the-libra-effect-the-new-importance-of-privacy-in-online-marketplaces-esfj3y5p) Members of the Libra Association, a group of 28 companies and not-for-profit groups including and brought together by Facebook may soon have the power to forever change the history of the online marketplace worldwide. The Senate and House hearings in Washington July 18th and 19th - as theatrical as they were - may still only be a subtle indication of the grand ramifications of a marketplace where privacy does not exist for buyers and sellers. 29. Who Gets to Decide What Good is? It happens all the time—you search for anything in Google or Apple Store and get millions of suggested results 30. Mighty Jaxx is Building Their MightyVerse With Their Latest NFT Drop Inked Stories: Medusa Bridging web2.0 and web3.0 - Mighty Jaxx provides real world utility for NFTs. 31. 5 Ways to Drive Better Engagement Within Your Talent Marketplace Here are five ways to build engagement for your talent marketplace. 32. What's New: Means Of Creation Show Launch And Slack Group Means of Creation with Adam Davidson and a new Slack community 33. This Startup is Bringing Ecommerce to Brazilian Favelas Nestled in a 10-square-kilometer area in the southwest zone of São Paulo, the favela (slum) Paraisópolis is home to more than 100,000 Brazilians. 34. Starting an Online Fitness Business As per the survey, the global fitness industry was valued near $100 billion in 2019 as more and more people were becoming more cautious about their health. Since physical activities are closely linked with well-being, in recent years strategies are being planned for improving the sedentary lifestyle. Fitness centers help in providing personalized training in which the trainers will invest their time in accomplishing fitness goals. 35. Taking the Leap: From Corporate Employee to Startup FinTech Founder My journey from BlackRock employee to Fintech employer at age 27 building a platform to facilitate partial buyout deals between online biz founders & investors 36. Why Your Company Should Be Listed in a B2B Marketplace? Entrepreneurs looking for ways to grow their business can start by selling on e-commerce platforms. For many, online marketplaces are an untapped opportunity as they provide easy access to large new audience. 37. 3 Price Mechanisms for Marketplaces Marketplaces 38. Bootstrapping A Marketplace: "Fake It Till You Make It" Strategy 39. How Aggregators Are Replacing Brands [Tweetstorm] 40. The Passion Economy’s Worklife Balance The top-earning writer on the paid newsletter platform Substack earns more than $500,000 a year from reader subscriptions. The top content
creator on Podia, a platform for video courses and digital memberships,
makes more than $100,000 a month. And teachers across the US are
bringing in thousands of dollars a month teaching live, virtual classes
on Outschool and Juni Learning. 41. Bitcoin Dodging Doge as Doge Dodges Bit by Bit An argument for a marketplace of currencies on the bitcoin standard 42. Pros and Cons of Running a Managed Marketplace 43. How 100 True Fans Can Change Everything More than a decade ago, Wired editor Kevin Kelly wrote an essay called “1,000 True Fans,” predicting that the internet would allow large swaths of people to make a living off their creations, whether an artist, musician, author, or entrepreneur. Rather than pursuing widespread celebrity, he argued, creators only needed to engage a modest base of “true fans”—those who will “buy anything you produce”—to the tune of $100 per fan, per year (for a total annual income of $100,000). By embracing online networks, he believed creators could bypass traditional gatekeepers and middlemen, get paid directly by a smaller base of fans, and live comfortably off the spoils. 44. 3 Ways to Monetize B2C Marketplaces, On-Demand Economy and Employee Motivation Note: This article is part of my resource newsletters↗️ where I share insights on building things in tech. Join me :)‍ 45. What to Learn from the Power User Curve The importance of power users Power users drive some of the most successful companies — people who
love their product, are highly engaged, and contribute a ton of value to the network. In ecommerce marketplaces it’s power sellers, in ridesharing platforms it’s power riders, and in social networks it’s influencers. 46. Top 10 Online Marketplaces to Sell Your Designs Being a designer or web developer is a fabulous possibility to start working as a freelancer. I will bet anything you’ve been reflecting on it thousands of times, that is why you’re here. Don’t drain your energy on infinite searching of the most reliable and beneficial online marketplace to sell your designs, artworks or sell website templates. 47. Voice of Customer: How to Use VOC Data to Drive Business Growth We all know Customer feedback is always useful for increasing product quality or service. But do you know that by using Customer feedback, you can also increase your company's revenue? 48. How Allison and Gregory Robinson  Raised $11 Million For "The Mom Project" Gregory Robinson’s Fundraising Journey For A Market That Helps Women Return To The Workforce (As told to Nathan Beckord) 49. Tips for Building in Public as A Founder From Europe Eu How building in public helped the growth of my startup. 50. SEO Promotion for Marketplaces: Optimization of Product Cards SEO optimization of the product card is necessary for the marketplace search algorithms to see the seller’s offer and show it to potential buyers. 51. Official Retailers Dragged Into Battle In April 2019, fans of the makeup influencer Jaclyn Hill noticed her new eyeshadow palette, normally $38, on Walmart.com for the unbelievably low price of $16.39. Many rushed to buy; others were skeptical: Hill had announced that the palette would be available only through certain retailers, and Walmart wasn’t one of them. 52. Tell Me Your Secrets: How Many Workers Review Posts on Amazon? We found banned items for sale on Amazon.com 53. 9 Solid Online Marketplace Businesses to Start in 2022 Starting an online marketplace company requires a lot of brainstorming. Here is a list of the best marketplace ideas, together with reasons to invest. 54. How to Get Your SaaS Product to No.1 on AppSumo Get to know BOWWE experience on AppSumo and learn how to make your product no.1! 55. The Passion Economy is The Future of The Marketplace The Future of Marketplaces is an unknown. However, the rise of the Passion Economy could be an opportunity to create marketplaces with passion-driven verticals. 56. Amazon's 'Essential Item' Policy Upsets Everyone Currently that appears to include a 10-pack of rubber chickens 57. Disruption Theory for the Passion Economy: 4 Major Implication (Part 2) Passion Economy platforms are rooted in a value proposition that deeply appeals to workers—they lower the barriers to earning income 58. Passion Economy Shall Be The Disruptor of 2021 and Beyond Clayton Christensen's disruption theory and what it means for the Passion Economy 59. How to Create a Marketplace: Pay In and Pay Out In the current era of the internet, we tend to shop online more often than ever before. We can attribute it to the fact that it’s infinitely easier to compare products from different sellers this way. 60. Global Trading on the Blockchain - Opportunity or A Pipedream? Industries and governments are continuously seeking ways to optimize the movement of goods, data, and currencies across global supply chains. Global growth needs a jumpstart. 61. Startup Metrics: 16 Ways to Measure Network Effects [This post was co-authored by me and my colleague at a16z, D’Arcy Coolican (@dcoolican). This is a companion to our other essay exploring the dynamics of network effects. If you’re an operator, we’d love to hear your thoughts on how you measure your own product’s network effects!] 62. Passion Economy: Future of Social Products [Tweetstorm] I like this article by Sam Lessin on the future of social, but think there’s a big omission. Namely, one of the major opportunities in social is to first
focus on helping creators monetize and own their audiences, then layering in social elements on top. 63. Our New Open Source OAuth Integrations Manager Within my company, Bearer, the whole team is focused on helping developers that rely on third-party APIs. In 2019, our engineers developed a solution that eased how to integrate with any API that uses OAuth. 64. Main Reasons To Vote “No” On Prop 22 Hi readers, today, I’m publishing a letter that I penned with Nate D’Anna, co-founder and co-CEO of Dumpling, about Prop 22 and the status of gig workers. 65. Live Shopping Features On Social Media And Interview With Chinese Social Commerce Tycoon How new models of e-commerce can enable the Passion Economy 66. The Unbundled Work Era: The Time Is Now The internet and rise of micro-entrepreneurship 67. The Dangers of Facebook Marketplace But a ProPublica investigation based on internal corporate documents, interviews and law enforcement records reveals how those safeguards fail to protect buyers 68. Everything That They Didn't Tell You About The Potential of Decentralized Finance or DeFi After the global economic crisis of 2008, the question of trust in the modern international financial system arose globally. The answer to this request was the emergence of the first decentralized Internet system — Bitcoin, which from “decentralized” money turned into a valuable financial asset by 2020. 69. Startup Metrics: The Dynamics of Network Effects [This essay was co-authored by my colleague D’Arcy Coolican (@dcoolican) and me. We also compiled a list of metrics to measure your network effects.] 70. How to Build a Company in Highly Regulated Marketplaces: 8 Things to Consider What can founders / operators do when it comes to navigating the complexities that come with the territory in regulated industries? Here are some opportunities. 71. Top 5 Marketplace Business Models to Explore for Your Startup in 2023 The startups now provide quality services for their customers more quickly and efficiently. 72. The Future of Marketplaces: Reinventing the $10 Trillion Service Economy [I co-wrote this essay with my a16z partner Andrew Chen. We’re excited about the future of marketplaces and the service economy. Hope you enjoy this glimpse into our thinking, and let us know if you have any feedback!] 73. Evaluating Your App Idea and Supercharging your Chances of Success [Part 2] This is a continuation of a series on bring an app to life, from nothing to something. Read Part 1 here. 74. 24 Tactics for Startups To Unveil The Chicken-and-Egg Dilemma We gathered 24 marketplace tactics used by well known Startups. Let's check out how to solve the chicken and egg problem to launch own startup company. 75. 15+ Best Multi vendor Marketplace Platforms 2022 to Build Your Ecommerce Website & Apps The main vision of all online sellers is to have a perfect and reliable multi vendor website that is because it is capable of generating high profits and also it can be easily managed. People are getting comfortable in purchasing the products of their need in any online store. 76. How to Invest Intelligently in the Podcast Ecosystem In the world of podcasting, the flywheel is spinning: new technologies including AirPods, connected cars, and smart speakers have made it much easier for consumers to listen to audio content, which in turn creates more revenue and financial opportunity for creators, which further encourages high-quality audio content to flow into the space. There are now over 700K free podcasts available and thousands more launching each week. Thank you for checking out the 76 most read stories about Marketplace on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

76 Stories To Learn About Marketplace

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1)Eason Chen, Carnegie Mellon University; (2) Justa Liang, Bucket Protocol; (3) Ray Huang, Bucket Protocol; (4) Pierce Hung, Bucket Protocol; (5) Damien Chen, Bucket Protocol; (6) Ashley Hsu, Bucket Protocol; (7) Konstantinos Chalkias, Mysten Labs; (8) Stefanos Pleros Mysten Labs. TABLE OF LINKS Abstract and Introduction Background Randomness Practice in Blockchain System Development Transaction Fee Comparison Discussion Conclusion and References 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 Blockchain and Smart Contract Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that securely records transactions across a network, ensuring transparency, immutability, and data trust [25]. Smart contracts are code-based logic running on the blockchain, capable of executing specific actions when predefined conditions are met, thereby automating a multitude of processes. These contracts function within blockchain networks, and presently, numerous decentralized applications (DApps) have been developed across various blockchains utilizing smart contracts. Every call to a blockchain function, such as writing data or executing smart contracts, requires costs known as transaction fees [6]. This practice is indispensable due to the decentralized nature of the blockchain, where computations and data storage occur across multiple nodes. Additionally, to ensure the consistency, transactions must be executed sequentially and packaged into blocks, which can limit the computational capacity of the platform. Transaction fees serve as a means to prevent resource misuse and maintain cost equilibrium. However, high transaction fees represent a significant obstacle to the widespread adoption of blockchain applications, as users may be disincentivized from using DApps when transaction fees surpass their potential earnings. Consequently, DApps about earning, such as Finance, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), and Gaming Finance, currently dominate the landscape, whereas those emphasizing playability attract fewer users [12]. Thankfully, several modern groundbreaking DLT designs, such as the Sui Network, have emerged to reduce the computational and storage burdens on the network while enhancing computational efficiency, thus alleviating transaction fee issues. 2.2 Sui Network Mainnet launched in May 2023. Sui is a decentralized, permissionless smart contract platform prioritizes low-latency asset management [23]. Originating from Meta’s Diem (formally known as Libra), Sui utilizes the Move programming language [1] to define and manage assets owned by addresses, with custom rules for asset creation, transfer, and mutation. Unlike Ethereum’s account-based design, in which assets exist as numerical variables within the address or smart contracts, Sui’s asset management is object-based, similar to the Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) structure found in Bitcoin [16], allowing objects of digital assets to be fragmented, combined, and transferred to different addresses. Moreover, what sets Sui apart from traditional blockchain networks is its utilization of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) model to record transactions. As shown in Figure 1, each transaction block on Sui includes several transactions with inputs of different objects on Sui Network. Then, these transactions will mutate or create new objects. Using DAG and object-based design, Sui can enable transactions with unrelated objects to be executed without a specific sequence, maximizing Sui’s computational efficiency and scalability. As a result, despite Sui experiencing a rapid increase in transaction volume from thousands to tens of millions in a short period, the transaction fees have remained nearly consistent [7]. In addition, Sui has made optimizations in data storage. Sui allows the deletion of data on the network to free up space and obtain a Storage Rebate Fee [23]. For example, in Figure 1, the first transaction requires writing 100 Kilobytes (KB) of participants into an array in the RaffleObject. It incurs a computation fee of 0.001 Sui and a storage cost of 0.779 Sui. However, when a subsequent transaction clears the array of participants and thus frees 100 KB of data at that RaffleObject, the transaction sender will receive a storage rebate of 0.77 Sui. This ultimately reduces the overall longterm cost of storing a substantial amount of data on Sui, leaving only the computational and necessary storage fees, as extra storage costs can be rebated by clearing data storage after operations are completed. Notably, even though on-network data is cleared, verification and reproduction remain possible since inputs are stored within the Transaction Block and retained in a database on the Sui Nodes without consuming network hot-memory resources. This paper is under CC 1.0 license. available on arxiv

Designing Fair and Efficient Blockchain Games: Background

Across Africa, live without electricity. If you deep it, that's nearly half the entire population sitting in the dark. Even in places with power access, month-long blackouts are common. over 600 million people In the much smaller country of Malawi, have access to the grid. And most of those lucky few live clustered in cities, not scattered across rural areas. only 11% of citizens But One Village Defies the Odds — Bondo Nestled on the slopes of Mount Mulanje, Bondo is a small village that used to live in the dark. For years, it had no hope of getting connected to the national grid. But things changed when Gridless — a Kenyan company that designs, builds, and operates Bitcoin mining sites — installed a micro-hydro mini-grid in the village. The mini-grid harnesses the power of water to generate electricity, which is then used to mine Bitcoin. By mining Bitcoin, Gridless not only earns income to sustain the mini-grid but also provides affordable electricity to over 1,800 homes in Bondo. Erik Hersman, the CEO of Gridless, said: " ." We are not just mining Bitcoin, we are mining hope The electricity has brought many benefits to the villagers. They can now use light bulbs, fridges, TVs, and phones in their homes. They can also start businesses, preserve food, store medicine, and study at night. The women in Bondo are particularly pleased with the development. They told Ian Birrell, the journalist who first reported about the story, that: "Before, our husbands would lie about going to watch football when they were cheating on us. But now with TVs in our homes, they can't use that excuse anymore!” Truly, Africans Can't Use “No Electricity” As an Excuse Anymore Crypto and blockchain adoption is on the rise across Africa. Nigeria has the highest crypto ownership rate in the world, with 47% of its population having used or owned crypto. Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa also rank among the top countries for crypto adoption. Overall, Africa accounts for over $90 billion in cryptocurrency transactions every year. Yet despite this growth, most activity remains concentrated in urban areas, confined to speculative trading rather than real-world usage. And while Bitcoin mining sustainable energy usage globally, stories showcasing this development remain rare in Africa. has reached 54.5% Efforts to expand electrification in Africa have often struggled, as new technologies feel too risky and communities lack the infrastructure to benefit from them. Some blame poor leadership, but the root cause is the systemic underutilization of the continent’s abundant energy resources. Consider these facts: Africa has almost unlimited solar potential, estimated at 11 terawatts, but only a fraction of it is used. It has abundant hydro resources, estimated at 350 gigawatts, but only 5-6% of them are exploited. It has over 100 gigawatts of wind potential, but only 2% of it is utilized. In addition to these untapped resources, the continent boasts a strong human capital, with technical and entrepreneurial talent. African startups raised $5 billion in 2022, a record high. As Malado Kaba, former finance minister of Guinea, put it: "Africa has all the ingredients for an economic breakthrough if it can activate its raw potential." By cleverly tapping into Bitcoin's promise, the village of Bondo has written a script that other African nations can follow. And in doing so, it just might have established a paradox too: How Can an Isolated Village Finance Electricity Access in Ways Even Major Cities Cannot Yet Deliver? The answer lies in innovation - powering a microgrid through Bitcoin mining. Cryptocurrency mining is hugely energy intensive, with Bitcoin alone consuming (TWh) every year - more than the annual consumption of many countries. This intensity stems from Bitcoin's complex Proof of Work (PoW) system. around 143 terawatt-hours In contrast, Sub-Saharan Africa's per capita energy consumption stands at just 180 kWh. Currently, Africa's total electricity demand is 700 TWh, with North African economies and South Africa accounting for over 70%. Mining Bitcoin requires a voracious appetite for energy. The average Bitcoin miner , enough to power a typical American household for six weeks. Yet, despite this demand, major African cities still struggle to meet needs. generates 1,173 kilowatt-hours per transaction South Africa experiences frequent power outages despite having the most electrified grid in Africa. Nigeria's large gas reserves fail to provide stable electricity for its 200 million citizens. Short-term solutions like generators often fail due to high costs. Remarkably, rural villages like Bondo in Malawi have self-financed electricity access in ways megacities cannot. Companies like Gridless have sustainably electrified homes by tapping into Bitcoin mining revenues. The miners secure blockchains while earning enough to maintain village micro-grids. These projects show the benefits of decentralized off-grid solutions for rural electrification. They avoid the high costs and inefficiencies of extending national grids. They also prevent the instability and corruption of state-owned utilities. They use renewable energy sources like micro-hydro, which have less environmental impact than large dams or diesel. And they enable 24/7 mining, which allows for flexible and affordable pay-as-you-go pricing. But Scaling Them Remains Difficult Easier to say what happened in Bondo can happen anywhere else, but the truth is that scaling is difficult. Many villages lack the technical expertise and funding to set up and maintain such systems, while investors are wary of the risks and uncertainties in rural areas. These challenges require the involvement of NGOs, who can help with community education, project development, and capital mobilization. Gridless echoes the need for collaborative approaches to scale these solutions. Eric Hersman was quoted as saying: " We believe that Bitcoin mining can be a catalyst for energy access, but it needs to be done in a way that is respectful of the environment, the culture, and the laws of each country." Beyond Bondo, there are other projects that use digital currencies to drive innovation. In South Africa, Sun Exchange has solar microgrids that allow people to buy and sell solar power using Bitcoin. In Kenya, Powerhive and BitLumens enable pre-paid power meters that accept mobile money and cryptocurrencies. These projects decentralize energy access and empower local communities. Using cryptocurrencies for rural electrification means innovators can also provide banking services and clean energy to the unbanked. However, some regulators have banned or restricted crypto mining, citing environmental and security concerns. These policies ignore the potential benefits of crypto mining for energy access and development and create obstacles to scaling these solutions. For remote villages, crypto mining enables self-reliant development. By using renewable energy sources and digital currencies, they can improve their living standards and economic opportunities, without depending on external aid. Such innovation could also inspire major cities struggling with blackouts and pollution. The Key to Sustainable Adoption of Bitcoin Mining Is in Starting Small Blockchain mining typically means warehouses full of specialized computers consuming vast amounts of electricity. Yet, in off-grid African villages, we find an overlooked opportunity: blockchain technology strategically empowering energy-poor communities. Starting small and local is key to unlocking blockchain's full potential. Too often, innovation targets the ecosystems with the greatest preexisting resources and demand - cities and governments. But the real test comes when expanding access and opportunity to those with the greatest marginalization and need. Companies like Gridless embody this approach. Rather than building urban-first, they establish village-level renewable microgrids able to sustainably mine crypto. This simultaneously earns them income while powering local homes with affordable, off-grid electricity. The community-governed approach offers several benefits: Financial tools for the unbanked through crypto New business opportunities and jobs for entrepreneurs Funding for local health and conservation efforts Most critically, it gives people direct agency rather than relying on centralized authorities. Locals can now self-finance and self-operate the energy infrastructure uplifting their standards of living on their own terms. Scaling this promise requires collaboration. Governments can pilot projects and develop crypt-friendly policy environments. Investors like can participate through sustainable funding models benefitting both communities and shareholders. But at the core, solutions must be co-designed alongside locals rather than imposed top-down by outsiders. GoMining The future looks hard, but signs of hope exist even in darkness. When focused on human needs, blockchains can empower people to uplift themselves. And "starting small" turns sparks into flames. So, while mining may conjure images of warehouses and megawatts, its most pioneering edge may sprout from the overlooked soil of villages. For here, people are positioned to shape their own decentralized energy futures. Note: If you enjoyed this story, please subscribe for alerts on new posts. I'm also open to collaboration :)

No Power Grid? This African Village Mines Bitcoin for Electricity

Bitcoin Mining consumes a lot of electricity, sure, but it also finances power generation in all the right places. What moves the world? Energy. What lifts people out of poverty? Energy. And yeah, power generation for those who need it is a phenomenal concept, but someone has to pick up the bill. And, for reasons we will explore in this article, only the Bitcoin network is in a position to do so. So far, the most successful social attack on is criticizing its energy usage and comparing it to random countries. Let’s admit it, it’s an effective strategy. It scares people. However, the numbers every mainstream outlet quotes are heavily manipulated by a confirmed employee of the Dutch Central Bank. Let’s put that aside for a second and focus on the real question: is that energy well spent? Bitcoin Considering that, in one sweep, bitcoin brings property rights to billions of people and solves the problem of every unbanked or underbanked individual in existence, the answer might be yes. Also, take into account the pollution-heavy institutions that bitcoin substitutes, like gold mines and the whole banking system. Plus, bitcoin mining is paying for all of the power that it consumes. That means that it can fund the creation of even more energy. In the recent past, the only way to finance gigantic energy projects was by government subsidies or risky loans by supranational entities that might not have the lucky country’s best interest at heart. Nowadays, bitcoin mining is paying for the most impressive and ingenious power plants by serving as the main customer and the customer of last resort at the same time. And that’s what this article is about. Look at that: we already proved the so-called Digiconomist, AKA Alex de Vries, and his faulty numbers wrong, and we haven’t even started. ‍ Why Would Bitcoin Mining Pay To Generate Renewable Energy? Bitcoin Mining is evolving into the cleanest industry in the world, and the reason is not altruistic and has nothing to do with fragile government mandates. Bitcoin Mining is turning green because renewable energy is the cheapest form of energy. However, because of the unreliable characteristics of nature, it might not be the most profitable form of energy for traditional power companies. And that’s where Bitcoin mining comes in, providing the missing ingredient. The money to pay for the whole operation month in, month out. To set this section up, let’s quote : MicroStrategy’s Michael Saylor “Bitcoin runs on stranded, excess energy, generated at the edge of the grid, in places where there is no other demand, at times when no one else needs the electricity.  Retail & commercial consumers of electricity in major population areas pay 5-10x more per kwH (10-20 cents per kwH) than bitcoin miners, The world produces more energy than it needs, and approximately a third of this energy is wasted.” Precisely to counter the already mentioned social attack or, as Saylor puts it, the “competitive guerrilla marketing activities of other crypto promoters & lobbyists that seek to focus negative attention on Proof of Work mining;” Saylor and the bitcoin mining industry created the Bitcoin Mining Council. The BMC currently “represents 43.4% of the global Bitcoin Mining Network with members spread across six continents.” According to the organization’s latest data: “The global bitcoin mining industry’s sustainable electricity mix has improved marginally to 59.9% and remains one of the most sustainable industries globally.” However, for bitcoin skeptics, believing those numbers is a hard sell. It’s obvious that the Bitcoin Mining Council has a vested interest in the Bitcoin network’s well-being. Aren’t there independent sources looking into the situation? Bitcoin Mining's Environmental Evolution Daniel Batten was one of the first environmental activists to realize what Bitcoin mining could do for the world. In his , he concluded, “Bitcoin Mining is currently the only major global industry that is powered mostly by sustainable energy. The simple reason many people think Bitcoin is mostly fossil-fuel based is that up until Q3 2022, it was.” He also informed his audience that at the moment, “on-grid Bitcoin miners use grids that are 29% greener than they were in 2021.” latest newsletter post On , the activist and researcher goes even deeper and explains the methodology: Batten’s website “Using data from our (Bitcoin Energy and Emissions Sustainability Tracker), and comparing to publicly available data of other industry sub-sectors, we charted sustainable energy mix over the last four years across a range of industries. BEEST model Based on the data, Bitcoin mining is currently the highest user of sustainable energy (52.6%) across sub-sectors, and has also achieved the highest increase in sustainable energy mix (+38%) during the period charted from Jul 2019 – Jun 2023 compared to other global industries.” Critics can and do still argue that Batten is on team Bitcoin, and thus, his numbers can’t be trusted. If only there was an independent study that came to a similar conclusion… While reporting on the “ ” paper, concluded: From Mining to Mitigation: How Bitcoin Can Support Renewable Energy Development and Climate Action Anthropocene Magazine “After renewable energy projects are built, there is generally a period of time when they can generate power but are not yet hooked up to the broader electric grid, so they cannot generate any revenue. Bitcoin mining could ease the financial stress of this phase, the new study suggests.” That fact naturally leads us to the article’s main topic. Is Bitcoin mining already solving this sort of problem? The answer might surprise you. Bitcoin Mining Transforming Excess Energy: Three Remarkable Case Studies ‍ According to some, the Virunga National Park in the Congo is one of the most dangerous places in the world. Several guerrilla armies are fighting for terrain and resources, using the natural flora and fauna as cover. According to , the Park’s handlers have built three massive hydroelectric power stations in “Matebe, Mutwanga, and Luviro; a fourth is under construction.” The main idea is to give people electricity so that they stop using wood and coal for their energy needs however: world-famous The Technology Review “There were fewer potential customers in the nearby community than there were for the hydro plants in Matebe and Mutwanga; the idea was to build a network of power—and buyers—gradually. But in the meantime, the plant would be creating excess power, and the question was how to find something productive and profitable to do with it. ” The park was in a dire economic situation because the Covid craze stopped tourism on its tracks, and the Congo government could only subsidize a small part of its budget. Who came to save the day? You know it, bitcoin mining did. The park gets guaranteed money every month and, according to Sébastien Gouspillou, CEO of Big Block Green Services, “People say it’s bad for the environment, but here it’s clean energy. It’s a formula that could be replicated.” ‍ In a joint effort, Brazil and Paraguay built the Itaipu Dam in 1973. This hydroelectric powerhouse generates 14 gigawatts of electricity, which puts Paraguay in a peculiar position. According to : Sazmining “Despite receiving a share of the energy generated by the dam, Paraguay found itself in a predicament. With more electricity than it could handle and inadequate infrastructure to consume or distribute it, Paraguay had no option but to sell its surplus power to Brazil.” That was until they decided to experiment with bitcoin mining, of course. Nowadays, they get a steady flow of the hardest money ever created and much more. To contribute to the country that’s providing them with cheap power, Sazmining is “erecting electrical substations as part of our mining setup. These substations are designed to outlive the Bitcoin mining era, providing the much-needed infrastructure to distribute power more efficiently to Paraguay's citizens for generations to come.” ‍ For another African story, let’s travel to the small and remote town of Bondo, Mozambique. Even though it has “plentiful supplies of potential power sources,” there’s simply not enough demand for it “to merit connection to grids.” Or, shall we say, there WAS no demand because Bitcoin is there to sort everything out. provides context: UnHeard Magazine “It will also release the community from reliance on foreign handouts to survive. The Bondo power plants were built by Mount Mulanje Conservation Trust, a local group trying to protect the mountain region’s unique bio-diversity, and were initially supported by finance from aid and development agencies — but now Bitcoin covers the running costs.” https://twitter.com/BitcoinShooter/status/1748084106016260110?embedable=true Not only is Bitcoin helping the people of Bondo, but as the previous video makes clear, the new developments allow energy providers to think about the future and plan accordingly. It’s as Hydrobox’s Thomas Poelmans puts it: “There’s at least 90 locations that we’ve disqualified because there’s simply not enough demand. So, if now bitcoin mining can come in, then all of a sudden it becomes viable for us to develop a project. It’s a fundamental paradigm shift for a company like us.” Also, it is a fundamental paradigm shift for the whole world.‍ Revolutionary Power Generation: Bitcoin's Role in Sustainable Energy Projects ‍ The following story is about the sea area around the equator and arrives , which shockingly admits that “more than half of Bitcoin’s global power consumption already comes from renewable sources.” About this revolutionary project, the magazine wrote: via Forbes “Nathaniel Harmon and Michael Bennett are both co-founders of OceanBit, the company developing an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion technique to use temperature variation in ocean water to generate clean energy.” How does the process work? Refer to the video: https://twitter.com/emcot3D/status/1747635590005477662?embedable=true Does planet Earth need new energy sources? YES. And who’s going to pay for their development? Bitcoin mining, of course. This is a quote from the video: “He is now working on a free-floating 10-megawatt OTEC power plant with Bitcoin miners. The Bitcoin revenue will allow OTEC platforms to achieve economies of scale, making the energy more affordable, a feat not previously possible with isolated ocean power plants before Bitcoin. Harmon says that the mining platform will also be “sequestering megatons of carbon and creating an open ocean hyper-productive fishery.” ‍ According to the following video, “farmers are increasingly pressured by the Irish government to reduce emissions to reach the country’s greenhouse gas emission goals.” As an estimate, they would have to curtail the cow population by 1.3 million cattle to reach those goals. That’s where bitcoin, “anaerobic digesters,” and Scilling Digital Mining come in to save the day. And the cows. https://vimeo.com/805833335/404ddb7f16?share=copy&embedable=true The cows’ waste, the very thing that the ESG crowd blames for the emissions, is instead turned into energy. The farm from the case study can produce between 500 and 700 kilowatts. They sell energy to the grid, but there’s no market for all of it. What can they do with the excess energy? As usual, bitcoin mining acts as a main buyer, and a whole lot of possibilities open up for these forward-looking farmers. Not only that, the anaerobic digesters also produce a high-quality fertilizer that closes the ecologic loop. In conclusion, the enemies of Bitcoin are enemies of the environment. We’re looking at you, Digiconomist.‍ * This was a dispatch by Eduardo Prospero, bitcoin’s ambassador to Hackernoon. Also published . here

Bringing Energy To Those Who Need It: Five Mind-Blowing Bitcoin Mining Stories

Yellen or Talkin'?

The Parker Solar Probe is the and is currently bathing in enough solar energy to train ChatGPT for free. fastest object ever built Today, I’ll share how parking technologies at (a few million kilometers from) the sun and not just solar probes might be a good business idea. The Nerds There are a lot of nerds out there who would totally get on board with this. Be they gamers, sci-fi world builders, or even climate change scientists who prefer to tackle the source of ballooning temperatures itself – sunlight. For example, Beff Jezos and his team of thermodynamic hackers at hope to use their insights into the thermodynamics of quantum computers to improve the GPUs that train Artificial Intelligence like ChatGPT. Extropic.ai Would a solar probe that is also a quantum computer be a good idea for research investment? Yes. It would be able to cool a warehouse-sized quantum computer with ten thousand plus logical qubits to near absolute zero and quite easily. All quantum-computing scientists would line up to get some jobs done on that monster. Another set of nerds are Bitcoin maximalists. These earnestly believe in the power of 21 million immutable pieces of code called bitcoins to change the world economy for the better, for all. Nothing has yet proven this claim, not even . We are still stuck with mathematical theories of how scarcity and halvings will eventually drive toward more global cooperation. Though, these have a more solid footing in real-world applications than the quantum nerds. the ETF Would a solar probe turned bitcoin miner be a good idea to invest in? No. It would be terrible for mining, no thanks to a hash horizon spanning upwards of 16 minutes to and fro Earth. However, as a Bitcoin node, it would still be a good redundancy for Bitcoin experimentalists to play with. All that energy could count for something. A better use case would be to mine a new cryptocurrency like . Call it Solcoin (do not confuse it with an inflationary altcoin called “Solarcoin”). This would take at least 1 hour to mine a block that confirms the transaction. With such a long time frame, I would not call it a currency. But an asset, yes. Bitcoin Techno-utopians who believe in the Kardashev scale would be intrigued by this Solcoin. Would people in real estate, which takes days to officiate deals, be okay with a Solcoin as their value peg? Maybe. How about nerds in High Energy Physics, such as the chaps at the Large Hadron Collider? Do you think they would want to have more energy to smash particles and lasers with? - Yes. AIs, quantum computers, high-energy colliders, and proof-of-work cryptocurrencies all have one thing in common. They are energy-guzzling beasts. Parking them at the sun could be big business. Why we might need this idea As a civilization, our data needs are ballooning. But as data needs balloon, so do the energy needs. It is like with a child. They grow bigger brains during their teenage years, and their appetite shoots through the roof. Data consumes energy to turn into information. Hence, Information is energy. If you have been following my posts, you have heard of Landauer.  We need information on how to build better AI, to build a better Bitcoin economy, to build a greener world, to build better skyscrapers, to build skyhooks, and to go to Mars. Training AI consumes a lot of energy, consumes a lot of energy, carbon capture consumes gargantuan amounts of energy, all building works consume a lot of energy, and rockets? You know the answer. mining Bitcoins A solar parked business is an idea to take some of this data processing, raw material first stage processing work, away from us humans. And away from our planet. If we engineer it right, up goes raw materials, and down comes finished products. This is the (far) future of big business for big energy infrastructure. Like Superman drenches up in sunlight to come make the world a better place, a solar-parked business is our Superman. A Solar-Parked business So, the idea is not to probe the sun. That is all good if you just want to build solar probes that move fast and measure the temperature of the sun’s surface, et cetera. You want to park at the sun, like in the name – Parker Solar Probe. The business, whatever it is, makes profits while your system is as close to the sun as possible. But before that, some tens to hundreds of billions of dollars are needed to launch all the parts toward the sun, and then more money via rocket fuel is needed to steer everything into place. By all means, this is not the kind of venture a fractured world economy with low time preference, such as ours, can handle. This is not like launching a start-up in your garage to profit from quick user aggregation in the next ten months. This needs big planning by big multinational corporations supported by multiple governments. The level of dedication would be as big as with the ITER nuclear fusion project. And the risk would be just as big. With ITER, we risk ending up with running costs of billions of dollars that only return millions of dollars worth of energy profit. With a solar parking business, the energy is worth trillions of dollars, alright, but it may fry your investment to Kingdom come if you do not navigate well the treachery that is being in outer space while so close to the sun. Forget building a Dyson Sphere; this is it. I am certain that a solar-parked business is how we hack our way up the ladder of the Kardashev scale. The idea that we have to first consume all the solar energy falling on earth before we move to the energy output by the sun, is a big step idea that will not happen. More viable is a mix: Some small-time but profitable solar parked business, coupled with better management of our planetary solar energy, coupled with some investments on the moon and on other planets like Mars, Venus, and Mercury. What can I say? I am speculating here. Take my ideas with a grain of salt, and enjoy them as a form of hard science fiction. Sorry, I didn’t put characters and a good chase scene. Till the next one. Adios.

Turning a Solar Probe into a Big Energy business

Quantum mechanics may make it possible to mine Bitcoin (the same Bitcoin) on two different planets without losing on time. It may even enable sending and receiving it! The following is a hypothetical analysis from the far future. The Challenge The cryptocurrency has a fixed block production time of 10 minutes. While this may be too slow for your coffee service, it is too fast considering the distances across planets. Bitcoin Consider the planet that keeps Elon Musk and many other people (I prefer Venus) hopeful about the future – Mars. Fast-forward to the future, many humans are living their best lives as Martians. That means they need Bitcoin. Mars is, on average, 140 million kilometers from Earth, a prohibitive distance to travel for rockets and radio signals. A rocket-powered mission carrying Bitcoin miners will still take seven months to reach the Red planet, while a signal propagating from Earth to Mars to instruct these miners to start mining takes . Mars rovers at least 5 minutes to arrive Five minutes is too long in the Bitcoin mining game because while everyone else is halfway through the race, the Martian miners will just be starting. The Solution One part of the solution is a quantum network to form a . We want to connect two cryptocurrencies that are both Bitcoin (how?)—one on Earth and one on Mars. multi-chain The other part is synchronized atomic clocks. Martians need not compete with Earth-people using some notion of absolute time.  As Einstein showed, that does not exist. A special form of relative time is the idea here. Synchronized to appear as if there is no barrier called outer space, 140 million kilometers across. The Martians should first have their own cryptocurrency, . But unlike those narratives, laying out a , we shall discuss here how to bridge these hash horizons using quantum mechanics. as many narratives have laid out law of hash horizons Let’s call the version of Bitcoin on Mars “Mars Bitcoin” or MBTC. MBTC could be built to behave just like Bitcoin at the time when MBTC was created. For example, say Bitcoin is going to be at block height 1,000,000 in 8 months and only 3.125 BTC are what Earth-people shall be mining then, that is exactly what the Bitcoin community on Mars should also be mining. 3.125 BTC. To set this up, we could copy all the critical Bitcoin core code at that time and add a unique MBTC Genesis block modeled to start at 3.125 BTC and count downwards. Now it might seem like there will be too little MBTC for the Martians to do business, but this shall be remedied with networked quantum computers and atomic clocks to allow bitcoins to flow from Earth to Mars and vice versa. Why atomic clocks? They are so precise . they lose one second after billions of years Why networked quantum computers? We need . perfect synchronization How to move Bitcoins from Earth to Mars without losing time This is a hypothetical idea, so let’s make more assumptions, like good scientists do. Many of these are currently impossible. Assume in our scenario we can keep two large entangled quantum states coherent for minutes and even hours, even while one of them is traversing the chaotic distance between Earth and Mars. Assume we have found a way to inject an entangled quantum state into a quantum computational system without it losing its coherence. We also assume we have found a way to seamlessly connect quantum computational systems to classical computational systems so that there is a process control flowing in either direction. Therefore, on Earth, we connect a quantum computer to the Bitcoin blockchain, to an atomic clock, and to a system for sending and receiving signals. The Martians also repeat the entire setup on Mars. Assume there is planetary and interplanetary unity to let all this happen, facilitated by hyperbitcoinization. Otherwise, it wouldn’t happen. Steps for Mining on Mars like you are on Earth Connect your MBTC miner to a source of electricity, e.g., a nuclear battery. Press “Synchronize with Earth miners”. This will make you wait for some minutes. Do wait the way Earth people have to wait for banks to process international payments. During this time, your atomic clock is adding a time delay while synchronizing with the Earth clock. This time delay takes into account the time taken for your system to query the Earth system, make it create two entangled states, send one to you, plug it into your system, and get on standby. Some time delay is maintained in the background to mimic the Earth clock exactly, which is 5+ minutes ahead. At the correct entry point, the two entangled states are measured by the Martian flipping a switch to start mining. A switch is also synchronously flipped on Bitcoin software on Earth machines. Remember that the time delay is canceled out by the atomic clocks. Steps for Sending Bitcoins from Earth to Mars You on Earth doing the sending should ask the Martian recipient to connect their MBTC node to a source of electricity like a nuclear battery. If they don’t, you will burn your coins somewhere in those 140 million kilometers of emptiness. Tell them to enter “Receive Mode”. Create a transaction and broadcast it to their node across space, using a packaged signal with an entangled state (for synchronicity with atomic clocks, as in mining above) and a non-entangled state of the signed transaction referencing their public MBTC wallet, which will bypass the quantum computers and go straight into the classical computer, then standby. As the two cryptocurrencies are multi-chained, they will behave as one blockchain. The Martian is notified, “Incoming transaction. Press to receive”. They press ENTER and voilà. The states are collapsed on both planets, and both the MBTC and the BTC blockchains record the transaction with a unified time. With the time delay removed. In reality, the bitcoins sent to Mars enter special wallet addresses on Earth’s blockchain, not addressable without a special MBTC–type key. The same goes for bitcoins from the Mars to Earth system. Futuristic multi-BTC-chain ish. Keep Building While a lot of the dynamics here are currently fictitious, they would enable Bitcoin to truly be a cosmic cryptocurrency without borders. Not even space would contain its magic. They would push its utility beyond merely a few years when mining of big coin rewards is done and over with to utility for thousands of years across entire star systems. This is because the biggest value would not be in mining coins; the value would be in exchanging value. Spreading unity and love from around the world to other worlds where humans like us live. Even more impressively, ideas from alternative cryptocurrencies and technologies might help make this possible in the fastest time ever. WAGMI Buidl. P.S.>> I created a game with classical and quantum-simulator code in which a bitcoin is sent from one quantum computer to another. Check it out ! here

Bitcoin Mining on Mars Might Be Possible 

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