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“Travel during Navratri and Dussehra this year was mostly concentrated towards metro cities compared to leisure destinations. Diwali flight travel searches have surpassed Navratri. Leisure travel demand for Diwali is at its peak, witnessing a 67% month-on-month increase in searches," said Aloke Bajpai, co-founder and group chief executive of Ixigo.

Leisure travel to see surge during Diwali

It currently operates 20 buses on four routes and aims to expand its fleet to about 70 buses by the end of FY24.

Freshbus raises $900k from marquee investors

IPO-bound hospitality unicorn OYO reported a 34% decrease in its net loss to INR 1,286.5 Cr in FY23 from INR 1,941.5 Cr

IPO-Bound OYO’s Loss Declines 34% To INR 1,287 Cr In FY23

With the onset of the festive season, ixigo (Le Travenues Technology Limited), has announced a partnership with Simpl, a Checkout Network, to offer a seamless 1-Tap Checkout for a wide range of travel options on the ixigo,

ixigo offers 1-Tap check-out via partnership with Simpl

During the Diwali week (November 10-16), airfares on major routes across the country have surged by up to 44 per cent.

Airfares Zoom For Diwali Week!

In this year's winter schedule, Indigo will have the largest number of domestic flights, with a total of 13,119 flights each week.

Indigo and Air India See More Domestic Flights This Winter: India Report

25 Oct 2023, 05:49:52 PM IST ixigo offers 1-tap check-out for travel bookings in partnership with Simpl Online travel aggregator, ixigo today announced a partnership with Simpl to offer a seamless 1-tap Checkout for a wide range of travel options on the ...

Cost of living Updates Oct 25: Petrol, diesel prices unchanged. Check here

These figures are based on data provided by travel website Ixigo and reflect fares for tickets booked 30-35 days before the travel date. Last Diwali, approximately 668 weekly flights operated on the route. However, despite the increase in demand ...

Festival season gains momentum, leads to surge in airfares, hotel tariffs

Ixigo, India’s online travel aggregator, has been in the headlines for raising new funds before its IPO. Being the top technology company focusing on Indian travellers to plan, book, and manage ...

IXIGO’s Possible Strategies To Raise New Funds Ahead Of Its IPO

In this episode of the Skift India Podcast Aloke Bajpai, the CEO and co founder of Ixigo, talks to Skift Asia Editor Peden Doma Bhutia about the "next

Rising Middle Class Reshapes India’s Travel Landscape

Ixigo, Le Travenues Technology Limited, India’s travel booking platform has announced its partnership as the “official co-sponsor” of the Men’s Asia Cup 2023. The company claims to have ...

ixigo named official co-sponsor of Men’s Asia Cup 2023

In 2021, hosted the first-ever awards!! HackerNoon Startup of the Year The goal of this campaign was to give recognition to the hardworking startups who pulled through the pandemic -- growing and thriving (despite all of the challenges). More than 44,000 startups were nominated all across the globe! They were selected from over 4,553 cities, with a total number of * cough * “4 billion” votes. Insane, right? To see who is a winner in each respective city, visit and pick a city. The name at the top of the list is the winner. (Compromised awards are under review. Cities with tie votes will be updated to have two winners!) startups.hackernoon.com The will announce the winners per region in their respective cities. Startups Winners Announcement series Here are the winners in the : Asia region Top Startup Cities in East Asia Seoul The Startup of the Year in is with 377 votes! Seoul dable Central is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 121 votes. UpNow Central Sheung Wan came out as the Startup of the Year in with 154 votes. Votee Sheung Wan Tokyo The Startup of the Year in is with 41 votes! Tokyo ACES Wan Chai The Startup of the Year in is with 54 votes! Wan Chai Zetl Osaka, Japan In , is the winner! Osaka Nanophoton Taiwan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Tico Taiwan Dongcheng, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dongcheng Waiju Taipei came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Tico Taipei Akasaka In , is the winner! Akasaka WAKUWAKU Chuo In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Chuo GO-NET Ginza came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Netyear Ginza Kanazawa In , is the winner! Kanazawa Granzella Minami-aoyama In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Minami-aoyama Tokyo6 Entertainment Shibuya came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Hupro Japan Shibuya Toranomon In , is the winner! Toranomon Small Worlds Toshima In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Toshima Altplus Guangzhou, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Leyaoyao Guangzhou Hong Kong, Hong Kong In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Hong Kong Episode Six Kunming In , is the winner! Kunming Green A Sapporo In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Sapporo Polar Star Space Shirokanedai came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Nupp1 Shirokanedai Wuhan In , is the winner! Wuhan CSICEE Baoan, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Baoan Jumper Baoshan, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Baoshan Renren Games Chengdu, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Ju You Xi Chengdu Fujisawa, Japan In , is the winner! Fujisawa Scohia Pharma Fukuoka, Japan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Fukuoka Kyulux Haidian, China came out as the Startup of the Year in ! 51vv Haidian Hongkou, China In , is the winner! Hongkou Kidstone Jiading, China In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Jiading IMRobotic Kawasaki, Japan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! QD Laser, Inc. Kawasaki Kyoto, Japan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kyoto Hacarus Minato, Japan In , is the winner! Minato Visionary Fun Nagoya, Japan came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Prodrone Nagoya Ningbo, China The winner in is . Ningbo OlymTech Corporation Aomori In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Aomori Forte Japan Bandai-cho In , is the winner. Bandai-cho Delta-Fly Pharm Changchun In , the Startup of the Year is . Changchun Kaidi Animation Fuchu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Fuchu TMS Fukuoka-shi The winner in is . Fukuoka-shi SkyDisc Fukushima In , the Startup of the Year is . Fukushima Matsuri Technologies Gotanda In , is the winner. Gotanda Basset Hachioji In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Hachioji Adriakaim Harbin The winner in is J . Harbin oining Technology Iwaki In , is the winner. Iwaki Tao Engineering Izumo In , the Startup of the Year is . Izumo PuREC Kagoshima In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kagoshima Farmers Support Kamakura In , the Startup of the Year is . Kamakura KAYAC Kami-meguro The winner in is . Kami-meguro Buzzreach Kanagawa In , is the winner. Kanagawa LoiLo Kashiwa In , the Startup of the Year is . Kashiwa Intelligent Surfaces Kita In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kita Ax Robotix Kobe The winner in is . Kobe Coconomi Koriyama In , the Startup of the Year is . Koriyama Tocoton Kumamoto In , is the winner. Kumamoto Bloom Technology Kunitachi In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kunitachi Trys Liaocheng The winner in is . Liaocheng Jinzheng Animation Minami In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Minami ATLAB Miyazaki In , is the winner. Miyazaki Caster Nagano In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Nagano Precision Forestry Nagaoka The winner in is . Nagaoka Plant Form Nihombashi-hamacho In , the Startup of the Year is . Nihombashi-hamacho Shizen Energy Niigata In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Niigata UniBio Japan Nishi-shinagawa In , is the winner. Nishi-shinagawa Play Heart Okayama In , is the winner! Okayama Arch Farm Okinawa In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Okinawa BlogNinja Otemachi In , the Startup of the Year is . Otemachi beBit, Inc Qingdao Shi In , is the winner! Qingdao Shi Manyoubang Quanzhou In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Quanzhou KungFu Animation Group Roppongi The winner in is . Roppongi Holo-X Saitama In , the Startup of the Year is . Saitama GameTector Sendai In , is the winner! Sendai Sendai Smart Machines Setagaya In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Setagaya Skyestate Shenzhen In , the Startup of the Year is . Shenzhen Aiator Shinjuku In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Shinjuku Scalar Shizuoka In , is the winner! Shizuoka PiPhotonics Sumida The winner in is . Sumida Holotch Tachikawa In , the Startup of the Year is . Tachikawa PlusOne Takamatsu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Takamatsu Ken Robotec Tokushima In , is the winner! Tokushima DennoKotsu Toyonaka In , the Startup of the Year is . Toyonaka FISH BIOTECH Tsukuba In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Tsukuba WARPSPACE Wakayama In , the Startup of the Year is . Wakayama 4D Sensor Xiangzhou In , is the winner! Xiangzhou ALLiN Edutech Group Xianyang The winner in is . Xianyang TONLY Xiaoshan In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Xiaoshan GONGHUI Yamaguchi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yamaguchi Archis Yangpu The winner in is . Yangpu Tmxmall Yau Tsim Mong In , is the winner! Yau Tsim Mong Airnugget Yeoksamdong In , the Startup of the Year is . Yeoksamdong WizSchool Yichang In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Yichang Hubei Kento Electronic Yokohama In , is the winner! Yokohama Next Innovation Yubei In , the Startup of the Year is . Yubei Ophiux Network Yueqing The winner in is . Yueqing Yueqing Easythink Media Zhuhai In , is the winner! Zhuhai Aijuba Hongo In , the Startup of the Year is . Hongo Smile Robotics, Inc Admiralty In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Admiralty BUNCH Southern In , the Startup of the Year is . Southern Retykle Yongdungpo In , is the winner! Yongdungpo Push News Taichung In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Taichung Wondercise Cyberport, Hong Kong In , the Startup of the Year is . Cyberport Animoca Brands Hefei, China In , is the winner! Hefei Tsinglink New Territories, Hong Kong The winner in is . New Territories, Hong Kong Zeek Dezhou In , the Startup of the Year is . Dezhou Dezhou Baji Kitakyushu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kitakyushu Reif Seongnam In , is the winner! Seongnam EOFlow Yanshi In , the Startup of the Year is . Yanshi CASI Vision Top Startup Cities in South Asia Hyderabad, India The Startup of the Year in is with 962 votes Hyderabad Quixy Lahore, Pakistan is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 186 votes. SmartWindows Lahore Bangalore, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 210 votes! Bangalore vBridge Hub Pune, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 129 votes! InfraCloud Pune Jaipur, India The Startup of the Year in is with 166 votes Jaipur Emizen Tech Lucknow, India is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 279 votes. Keeros Superfoods Lucknow Noida, India came out as the Startup of the Year in with 156 votes! Bagisto Noida Mumbai, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 96 votes! Mumbai Sequretek Sylhet couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in , it won with 122 votes! DataXpie Sylhet Mylapore, India In , is the winner! Mylapore Yalimart Goa, India In , the Startup of the Year is Goa Filter Coffee Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Delhi EkAnek Networks Karachi, Pakistan The winner in is Karachi Bykea Ahmedabad, India In , is the winner Ahmedabad MageComp Dhaka, Bangladesh The winner in is Dhaka SOLshare Islamabad, Pakistan In Islamabad, is declared the Startup of the Year! TAG Gurgaon, India In , the Startup of the Year is Gurgaon ixigo Bengaluru, India In , is the winner! Bengaluru Prakshep Private Limited Haryana, India couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in ! Footprints Childcare Haryana Kolkata, India In , is the winner! Kolkata Wow! Momo New Delhi, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! New Delhi Rusk Media Indore, India The winner in is Indore Chattar Patar Kormangala In , is the winner Kormangala Sanctum Technologies Ghaziabad came out as the Startup of the Year in Craftfurnish.com Ghaziabad! Mohali In , the Startup of the Year is Mohali DataKund Mysore The Startup of the Year in is Mysore Excelsoft Karnal came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Dunar Karnal Kolhapur In , is the winner! Kolhapur Zanvar Group Patiya In , the Startup of the Year is Patiya Kloud Project Kathmandu In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kathmandu Vairav Technology Bangalore City, India In is the winner! Bangalore City, PagarBook Ernakulam The winner in is Ernakulam Epixel Solutions Colombo, Sri Lanka couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in MAs Foods Colombo Andheri, India When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Andheri DoorMint Kanpur, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! ServiceWalaa Kanpur Faisalabad In , is the winner! Faisalabad DigiKhata Nasik The Startup of the Year in is Nasik Sahyadri Farms Patna came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Asvin Tech Patna Chennai, India In , is the winner! Chennai Agnikul Cosmos Faridabad, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Faridabad UClean Panjim, India The winner in is Panjim TempoGO Ranchi, India In , is the winner Ranchi Osam Dairy Surat, India In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Surat Wishbook Thane, India In , is the winner! Thane Delight Foods Trivandrum, India came out as the Startup of the Year in ! GenRobotic Trivandrum Vijayawada, India In , the Startup of the Year is Vijayawada Eruvaka Technologies Visakhapatnam, India In , Ltd is declared the Startup of the Year! Visakhapatnam Greenline Labs Pvt Ahmadabad In , is the winner! Ahmadabad KiwiQA Services Bandra came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Car Club Bandra Bombay In , is the winner! Bombay Locobuddy Mobile Technology (Sportobuddy) Cochin In , the Startup of the Year is Cochin Tuttifrutti Interactive Gandhinagar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Gandhinagar Kroop AI Guwahati In , the Startup of the Year is Guwahati GNRC Hospitals Jamshedpur In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Jamshedpur Intelliber Kabul The winner in is Kabul Miracle Shop (Vocinno Technology) Karur In , is the winner Karur Karur Vysya Bank Kochi The winner in is Kochi BestDoc Kozhikode In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kozhikode OfficeKit HR Ludhiana In , the Startup of the Year is Ludhiana Trendy Beat Network Madhapur In , is the winner! Madhapur Head Digital Works Mangalore When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Mangalore Hangyo Nagpur came out as the Startup of the Year in ! UPrudence Agro Nagpur Rawalpindi The Startup of the Year in is Rawalpindi Pro Options Marketing Rishikesh came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Descatuk Rishikesh Secunderabad couldn’t be beaten for Startup of the Year in Prakriti Biosystems Engineering Secunderabad Tirupur In , is the winner! Tirupur Tubeknit Fashions Udupi The winner in is Udupi Krishitantra Top Startup Cities in Southeast Asia Singapore, Singapore The Startup of the Year in is with 6556 votes! Singapore Cake DeFi Hanoi, Vietnam is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 683 votes. DeFi For You Hanoi Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia came out as the Startup of the Year in with 109 votes! Trambellir Kuala Lumpur Pasig, Philippines When it comes to , . is the Startup of the Year with 110 votes! Pasig Quickreach Inc Bangkok, Thailand couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 60 votes! Perception Codes Bangkok Johor Bahru In , the Startup of the Year is . Johor Bahru AGR1 Bandung, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Bandung Prosa Portugal The winner in is . Portugal SCEMAI Tangerang, Indonesia In , is the winner Tangerang Yummy Corp Jakarta, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Tokocrypto Dki Jakarta, Indonesia In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dki Jakarta Limakilo Bangkok Metropolis In , is the winner! Bangkok Meticuly Medan The winner in is ! Medan DIKA Manila, Philippines In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Manila PawnHero Phnom Penh, Cambodia In , the Startup of the Year is Phnom Penh vKirirom Bali In , is the winner! Bali Radius App Penang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year Penang EasyParcel Surabaya came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Super Surabaya Setiabudi, Indonesia The Startup of the Year in is Setiabudi Chilibeli Cebu City came out as the Startup of the Year in MiCab Cebu City! Jawa couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in DAUR Jawa Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam In , is the winner! Ho Chi Minh City Pharmacity Selangor, Malaysia is the Startup of the Year! BabyDash Selangor Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia In , is the winner! Jakarta Pusat StickEarn Semarang When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Semarang Food Bear Petaling Jaya, Malaysia The winner in is . Petaling Jaya Deemples Kebayoran Baru, Indonesia couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Yogrt Kebayoran Baru Kuningan The winner in is . Kuningan Prinzio Bukit Merah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! DC Alliance Bukit Merah Huai Khwang In , the Startup of the Year is . Huai Khwang AppMan Co.,Ltd Kuta In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Kuta Gringgo Mandaluyong came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! Work Inspire Mandaluyong Midview City In , is the winner! Midview City BioMers Phuket The Startup of the Year in is ! Phuket Sapahn Yangon, Myanmar The winner in is . Yangon Wave Money Denpasar When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Denpasar Revasi Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand The winner in is . Nakhon Ratchasima Siam Lottery co., Ltd Taguig, Philippines In , is the winner! Taguig PayMongo Bogor came out as the Startup of the Year in ! TIRANYX Bogor Senai, Malaysia won as the Startup of the Year. Nutrition Technologies Senai Bekasi Kota couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! 8villages Bekasi Kota Top Startup Cities in Middle East Tel Aviv, Israel The Startup of the Year in is with 1,065 votes! Tel Aviv hyro Beirut, Lebanon is the Startup of the Year! It came out ahead with 1,276 votes. Hovi Digital Lab Beirut Riyadh, Saudi Arabia With 350 votes, came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Flicron Riyadh Tel Aviv-yafo, Israel When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year with 167 votes! Tel Aviv-yafo Cymbio Haifa, Israel couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in , it won with 183 votes! Pico Haifa Amman, Jordan In , with 141 votes, is the winner! Amman Edexy Dubai, United Arab Emirates In , the Startup of the Year is with 74 votes. Dubai Ziina Doha, Qatar In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Doha SkipCash Tehran, Iran The winner in is . BeyondBoard AR Tehran Jerusalem, Israel In , is the winner! Jerusalem SolidBlock Rishon Le Zion The Startup of the Year in is ! Rishon Le Zion Passparto Ness Ziona, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Soapy Ness Ziona Kuwait, Kuwait came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Brapper Shop Kuwait Manama, Bahrain couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Doctori Manama Lod, Israel is the winner in ! Phinergy Lod Agudat Israel, Israel When it comes to is the Startup of the Year with [vote ] votes! Agudat Israel, Aqaurius Engines Beersheba, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Beersheba Visual Estate Ltd Giv'atayim, Israel In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Giv'atayim WSC Sports Modi'in, Israel The winner in is . Modi'in Loginno Nazareth, Israel In , is the winner! Nazareth AR Guide In Medical Ramat Gan, Israel The Startup of the Year in is . Ramat Gan Datos Health Baghdad When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Baghdad Mishwar Khobar In , the Startup of the Year is . Khobar Garage Misgav couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! Eden Shield Misgav Sharjah came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Bookends Sharjah Affula In , the Startup of the Year is . Affula eMotion Technologies Bene Beraq, Israel In , is the winner Bene Beraq Reflectiz Caesarea, Israel In , the Startup of the Year is . Caesarea CardiacSense Dubayy In , is declared the Startup of the Year! Dubayy North Ladder Muscat couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in ! iLab Marine Muscat Tirat Carmel In , the Startup of the Year is . Tirat Carmel PassCall Advanced Technologies Hod Hasharon, Israel The winner in is . Hod Hasharon Idomoo Holon, Israel came out ahead as the Startup of the Year! OptimalPlus Holon Jeddah, Saudi Arabia When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Jeddah Arabian Combustion Technologies Ramat Hasharon, Israel is the Startup of the Year! Lumen Ramat Hasharon Al Khobar came out as the Startup of the Year in ! Swyft Al Khobar Bet Shemesh In , is the winner! Bet Shemesh Degania Medical Binyamina When it comes to , is the Startup of the Year! Binyamina OncoHost Makkah In , the Startup of the Year is Makkah Scimagine Or Akiva Last but not least, couldn’t be beaten for Startup in the Year in the city of ! WMT Or Akiva More Information: If you’re a winner, please answer ! If you’re a reader, participant, just a curious individual, consider answering one of our interviews . this interview here Read the FAQs about or . Startups here here To see all of the winners you may visit , pick any city and view the name that appears at the top. this site If you’re interested in partnering with us, we invite you to look through some of these or reach out to our business department. unique sponsorship options Perhaps creating your very own tickles your fancy or maybe you have a whole new idea for how we can partner! writing contest Thank you to all of our sponsors! We truly appreciate your contribution to the tech world and thus the future! The Startups Awards are sponsored by: , , , , , , , , , , Blockster Brex FreeCodeCamp LaunchDarkly Coil Udacity Udemy Vercel Asia Pacific Transgender Network Bybit Everscale Network The post was written by Kushal Tamrakar and Valerie Ejegi, edited by Hang Ngo. If you have any questions or concerns or would like to report a discrepancy please email ellen@hackernoon.com.

Meet the Winners of Startups in Asia

This will be a quickie, so ignore typos and grammatical errors, if any! It’s quite evident and we all see this around happening on a daily basis now — 22 years old, thinking and analysing what they have achieved in their lives, so much so that some of them have exhausted themselves. So by the time they are 25, they have a quarter-life crises. Is that even a thing? I was having a conversation with a friend, discussing her next career move. The conversation went something like this: A: Why do you think you need to make this move in your career this early? It’s just been a year since you started your first job. Don’t you think you should consider giving more time to yourself or to your company? X: I’m not sure. I’m not getting that kick! I cannot motivate myself to go to work every day. A: Why do you think a change in job is the solution to this issue? X: I don’t know.. new environment, new surroundings, meeting new people or taking up a new project might help. And this time, I want to work somewhere which excites me enough. A: (…hesitatingly I decided to ask) Have you ever had an orgasm? X: umm..What? A: (I encouraged her to answer my question) Go ahead tell me, no judgement at all X: Umm..Yeah. A: How did it feel? X: Is that even a question I need to answer? A: Please answer. X: It’s satisfying , contenting and sort of happy feeling A: How long did it last? X: A little while, maybe few minutes. A: Have you ever experienced something similar at work? Something which made you really that happy? X: Umm…no, not really. But once I suggested an idea, which got successfully implemented and resulted in saving $ X000 for the company. It made me really happy. A: Alright. Do you have an answer on how to repeat that thing on a daily basis? X: I don’t think so. A: See, in life there will be times when you feel directionless or lost. You will be dissatisfied and you will never know the reason but Okay, you know what MOKSHA is? you will try to justify yourself on a particular problem while most of the times, that will never be the problem. X: Yes, a place where good people go post death. A: Osho says, “Moksha is all about multiple orgasms”. Not that I am a fan of Osho but many times in life, when you associate yourself with day to day tasks, you find yourself in situations where you feel you don’t really belong. It’s an unsatisfactory feeling and that is the trigger for you to start thinking about changes — I wish to change my job. We overcomplicate things unnecessarily when the life is designed to live in the simplistic manner. There’s always a simple, clean answer to the problem we are going through but because we are trained and designed in a way where we try to complicate things and surprisingly, we feel contended when that happens. And now we are pondering answers to “How do I get out of this complicated situation” A quick example from my life — While I was running my start-up, there were hell lot of things that I was doing which I could have never imagined. Growing, scaling, managing teams, running finances — All at one go. That was the first time I could relate the feeling to that of somewhat orgasmic. Though the feeling was short lived(we got acquired by ixigo) but the desire of having that again was still there. When our company got acquired by ixigo, I got an opportunity to lead their Special Projects Team. Technically, I was a part of the management team, directly working under @Rajnish Kumar (CTO, ixigo) who is not just a great leader but an exceptional human being. But in my entire stint, I didn’t experience that feeling. That is when I questioned myself— Is it time for a change? I followed my heart and decided to quit and figure out what I intended to do next. I knew I will have to do all that ground work again, all that dirty work which every founder has to go through in the beginning because of lack of resources but then, I wanted to have that feeling in my work again. Kept it simple. Left to start something. The only reason why anyone would do this is because s/he has figured what stimulates an orgasm for them. Whenever I am in a dilemma, struggling to make a decision, I ask myself: Is this orgasmic? If the answer is yes, go ahead. DO IT! If the answer is no, drop the idea. Push yourself until you get to that extraordinary feeling. If the answer is “Not sure”, go back to “No”, drop the idea. Push yourself harder because you are closer to finding a definite answer. I know it’s not that easy and might not be the best analogy to draw on how you can make decisions which really are important in your life with just a thought of relating it with an “Orgasm”. Rather what I intend to do here is suggest a way which might just help you get closer to the answer which you already know and have always wanted to pursue. Try this: Inner self: I want to leave my job and do something else? Push Inner self: Will this solve the current problem I am having? Inner self: Yes, it should (Inner self, trying to fool you) Push inner self: Will this turn around my life and does this feel orgasmic? Inner self: I think so. Push inner self: Be confident. If you say yes, you got to settle with this for quite some time then. It’s your life. Take a wise decision. Again, does this feel orgasmic? Inner self: I am still not sure Push inner self: If you take this decision and imagine the next day someone comes asks you to quit this job in return of $10 M. What would you do? Inner self: Probably take it. Push inner self: Then wait for a while until you are sure nothing can move your decision. That is when you are sure you want to take your next move. After a while, you might see an improvement in quality decision making & you will start experiencing happiness with the decisions you are making. Like it is said— Life is too short to live for others. Stop cribbing! Live for a higher purpose

The Multiple Orgasm Theory

3 weeks back, I posted this on Facebook: Facebook post As you can see, within 14 hours, there were 47 comments and I received 12 personal messages from people who were interested in reading the article. Eventually the post settled with 63 comments and 20 personal messages. What do you think drove this behaviour in people that convinced them to comment on a post catering to a niche? one’s judgement of what is important in life Value — Someone once told me, by far everyone in this world falls into the category of good people and this world functions by providing or extracting value from an individual. Conclusion 1 : There’s always an audience seeking for real value. Background Akshay Pruthi I’m a B.E. graduate from NSIT, University of Delhi. At the age of , I started my on a couple of B-Plan competitions, generated $10,000 in revenue, eventually figured — won’t be able to scale this up. Therefore, dropped the idea and on another interesting Project — . Reach was a content discovery platform that let you discover content available on your friends mobile phones. We about and finally I then led the Special Project Team at ixigo, owning the product of cabs, and AI travel bots. After working there for a while, I decided to exit ixigo to start something again with . 17 first entrepreneurial journey with Lost Beat , w started working Reach raised $500k from the top VCs and angel investors . got acquired by ixigo Durgesh Kaushik Okay, so you really thought there is a “Guaranteed” way to grow a start-up by 10x? If there was, and I knew the way — I’d have been a billionaire, as I would have known the formula behind elixir. Conclusion 2: There are no shortcuts in life Don’t start making judgements yet, I’ll try and do justice to what I committed and help you understand what growth really is, why most of the start-ups get stuck at ~10,000 downloads and end up using some shady methods to justify the growth they wish to achieve and eventually fooling themselves. Let’s start with some data points Airbnb Growth Curve 2010–2011, hardly any growth. The important point to notice here is that for one entire year, they were struggling to find the right product market fit, experimenting with a lot of things and simultaneously failing at a lot of things. Conclusion 3: Patience is super important (key) for growth The result is sweet :) What’s growth? Paul Graham scientifically claimed, a business viability is determined if growth of a business is 5 to 7 percent per week, while an exceptional growth rate is 10 percent per week. In the startup world, it’s super important to realise growth is as essential to life as oxygen. It’s very important to set the right growth goals and equally important to meet those growth goals — a metric for you to determine the life period of your company. Falling under the viscous circle of numbers Now that you have set your company growth goals, have the right team to execute it, and everything is set, you just need to execute the plan and BOOM! Does it work like that? In a lot of companies, I’ve witnessed mammoth mismatch in management where leaders themselves fell under the trap of golden numbers (top-line metrics) $2xxxxx $1xx2xx $xxxx Discounts & offers (incurring a total loss to the company) Happy manager ; Happy ceo ; Happy employees Business Goal for the months: 20th day of the month status: Marketing budget left: Campaign: False truth: The worst part is, this becomes a habit for every other month. To achieve those business goals, you end up incurring huge losses for the company accounting it in “Marketing budget” Conclusion 4: Transparency & Honesty to your business are the true North Star Metrics Setting the Objectives Right **Current Process**1. Open excel sheet2. Check the market standard for the mom/wow growth for your type of company 4. Little tweaking of numbers with the understanding of your market conditions —not much but good enough for you to get another round of funding3. Copy paste Current method of proposing/assuming growth Hurray! **Proposed process**Growth shouldn’t be carved by assuming growth. Oh, you knew that already? But how about we actually implement it? Identify your one metric that is the most crucial for your number. You must have read this statement many times, in many blogs but the fact is, we get easily deviated and keep on changing our most important metric, falling into the trap of numbers again. Be intellectually honest to yourself and assume your company growth around that metric. Try reverse engineering to achieve that. While I was running my start-up -Reach, we faced multiple issues in the beginning in setting the right metric we wanted to focus on. We couldn’t say no to the metrics that were increasing. Reach growth Curves Eventually, we brought it down to: Number of friends a user has= 5 This in a way took care of all our other metrics, the engagement, the content etc. 4. Never underestimate a channel: While laying out your growth channels to achieve that magical number, you might get pessimistic around executing some channels because of the painful effort it requires daily to execute that. For instance, while working on my new start-up Wishfie, we initially thought posting something daily on Facebook, creating new graphics everyday might result in a lot of effort but no result. Nevertheless, we thought of trying. 61 comments, 7000 people reached Surprise! Surprise! A simple and neat design, hardly took a minute and an amazing content piece — Boom! All it takes is a little effort for you to try out different channels, keep experimenting you will never know — One channel might just give you that hockey stick. Conclusion 5: Set the north star metric right. FOLLOW THAT! Conclusion 6: Never underestimate any channel. List all of them down. Keep experimenting Case Studies Facebook Case Making small changes and measuring the result is the key to moving fast. A lot of companies fail miserably even after scaling to 50 mn+ users just because they never established a right testing environment. Not many people are aware, but the major reason why Facebook scaled and is still growing, is because they have thousands of different versions of Facebook running over different user sets, continuously testing what works for which audience, closely analysing the data and then rolling out the changes. Below is a very interesting post from a Facebook employee on how they test: https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/building-and-testing-at-facebook/10151004157328920/ Conclusion 5: Set the right testing environment for your company. 2. Muscial.ly Musical.ly never approached things in the most traditional way. They believed in forming a very strong community of people whom they call as Musers and have constant meet-ups with them. Instead of taking follows and followers, Musical.ly came up with BFFs or “Best Fans Forever”. Musicaly.ly then devised some special features arund BFFs which only they could do, for eg; doing things like a duet. “Especially in the social media area, it’s usually the winner who takes all. You have to come up with something radically new. You shouldn’t be a me-too product,” Zhu said. A lot of these ideas were thrown by people from the community who are using the app almost daily and pushing ideas to the team. Mysical.ly has various chatting groups with these community members, having vigorous discussions around different ideas. The impact of this is huge: Musers feel a sense of importance within the company Musical.ly get to know how their TG thinks Never underestimate the power of content. Many of us don’t give much preference to the copy (text) we use on the app/small design changes that we think might not impact the growth. See the below graph which clearly depicts how a small change in their design drastically increased their numbers. Source: Business Insider Similarly for Instagram, a small change in the approach of posting good looking photos increased their growth numbers by thousand. Conclusion 6: Give more importance to “what you think is dirty work” Never underestimate the power of small changes Empathy is key! Try putting yourself in your customer’s shoes. Know your customers the way they want you to. How? Make user stories around their daily routines. Clueless? Talk to your target audience, 20 calls a day. Ask them what’s their daily routine looks like, at what instances they open which all apps? Try to identify when will they open your app. Sitting inside someone’s phone is a huge asset. See how your product can achieve that. Start drawing patterns and observing trends. Once you call 100 odd people, you will start observing some patterns. That is when you start drawing conclusions and take some decisions on what you should execute next. Sharing some resources and cheat sheets that might help :) Creating Personas Growth Hacking Tools How to write to top tier publications Behind the success of Kuaishou, the biggest social video sharing app in China List of top Publications Growth Playbooks Growth Hacks for 2017 — Free eBook The Ultimate Facebook Ads Cheat Sheet Do hit the like button if you appreciate the post. Next I’m writing “The orgasm theory”. Stay tuned.

Guaranteed way to grow your start-up user-base by 10x

Welcome to HackerNoon’s interview series. This section is curated by our Editorial team to spotlight bold and disruptive startups across the globe. If you’ve been nominated, and answer these questions Startups-Of-The-Year create a brand profile here. Hey Hackers, Inigo has been nominated in HackerNoon's annual Startup of the Year awards in San Francisco. You can vote for the #GraphQL management and security platform . here Read more about Inigo below to understand why we deserve your vote. Meet Inigo is a one-stop-shop platform for complete—and we mean complete—GraphQL API security, governance, and management at scale. Inigo Our platform provides the full package of all the security, visibility, access control, compliance, analytics, and continuous delivery tools necessary for enterprise GraphQL implementations to thrive. Said another way, we empower developer, security, and DevOps teams to build applications quickly and securely and expedite their GraphQL development roadmaps, lowering development costs and improving end-user experiences. while also It’s a win across the board, as our users agree. The plug-and-play platform is seamlessly (and uniquely) compatible with GraphQL server (Apollo, Hasura, AWS AppSync, etc.). any Simple-to-use tools provide the best GraphQL experience for developers, DevOps, architects, and security teams by eliminating development, operational, and security overhead. With Inigo, teams can work faster, scale with confidence, and prevent security threats that traditional solutions (that weren’t designed for GraphQL) simply cannot detect. How We're Disrupting (and Improving) the GraphQL Industry Countless organizations are rushing to adopt GraphQL. They (rightfully) want to capitalize on its developer experience advantages, and the faster and more responsive applications that modernized GraphQL APIs enable. However…standard API gateways and traditional security tooling are blind to GraphQL attacks. Enterprises thus risk being caught naked from a security standpoint, similar to how many were left vulnerable at the dawn of Kubernetes adoption without the necessary specific security protections. Teams deploying GraphQL without purpose-built protections are fish in a barrel for attackers, and can (and very much have) fallen prey to devastating DDoS attacks and data leaks. We’re improving the GraphQL industry by supporting enterprises with security and management. GraphQL-specific With our platform and tools, users can be assured that their GraphQL deployments remain secure, efficient, simple to scale, and effective in providing positive developer experiences across the application lifecycle. Standing Out from The Crowd We are the only GraphQL management solution that is platform-agnostic and ready to work seamlessly with any open-source or commercial GraphQL server. We also offer teams a uniquely simple path to achieving regulatory compliance via security and easy-to-access reporting. provable The platform provides a full audit trail and schema-based RBAC data access control with query-level granularity. Security teams using Inigo can quickly identify potential security breaches, detect unauthorized access, pinpoint specific operations and mutations, and filter accessed data based on objects, paths, users, and roles. We deliver protection from data leaks and compliance with regulations including GDPR and CCPA by proving the detection of personal identifiable information (PII) in tagged objects, JSON blurbs, stack traces, and GraphQL error messages. We also offer night-and-day differentiation for teams switching away from their costly, error-prone, resource-heavy in-house GraphQL tools. Our users gain the comprehensive tooling and visibility required to scale their operations efficiently and confidently. The platform’s system overview allows DevOps teams to monitor all GraphQL subgraphs and services at-a-glance, to fully understand subgraph usage patterns and service health, as well as smart widgets to quickly ameliorate issues. We also fit nearly any deployment environment, whether as a middleware, sidecar to Kubernetes or another platform, or as a hosted or on-premise gateway. Last but certainly not least: the Inigo platform offers the absolute best developer experience available for teams harnessing GraphQ—we understand just how critical a smooth DX is! Our Predictions on GraphQL APIs for the Rest of 2023 We predict that the developer-led movement championing GraphQL as the replacement technology for REST APIs will only grow. Enterprise adoption of open-source GraphQL will continue its strong momentum, driven by the technology’s key advantages over REST APIs. For example, REST APIs are heavy-handed in that they load data by accessing multiple URLs, and require server connectivity in order to manage data. By comparison, GraphQL APIs offer the transformative advantage of collecting all the data they need in a single request and giving applications themselves direct control over their own data. With applications no longer reliant on a server, developers can design apps that are highly responsive even with poor network connectivity, while achieving greater performance and allowing more simple, flexible, and scalable development. Developers are increasingly eager to pursue the productivity and competitive differentiation that GraphQL-enabled API modernization enables, empowering teams to bring new application features to market that much faster than their counterparts at enterprises still utilizing REST APIs. Our second prediction for 2023 is that organizations that adopt GraphQL will begin to hold a clear advantage when it comes to recruiting and retaining developer talent. GraphQL’s streamlined developer experience allows developers to eliminate tedious efforts and put their talents directly to work. That efficiency is why GraphQL’s rapid rise has been so developer-driven. Developers with the option to work either at an enterprise still wrestling with REST APIs or at a comparable organization with modernized GraphQL APIs in place will certainly prefer the latter. That said, this prediction comes with a caveat. As a less mature technology, GraphQL demands more self-reliance from developers, and limited visibility can negatively impact the developer experience. Therefore, expect to see enterprises bolstering GraphQL with supportive visibility and CI/CD integration tools to ensure the integrity of GraphQL’s developer experience advantages. Teams will similarly implement robust enterprise-grade monitoring, observability, and security tooling to eliminate any potential limitations from their GraphQL deployments. What word defines the state of GraphQL in 2023? Maturity. (Or, if I can cheat with a hyphen, ‘enterprise-adoption.’) A wave of enterprises from across industries are now adopting GraphQL in their production pipelines. Gartner research found that fewer than 10% of enterprises used GraphQL in production in 2021; by 2025, they predict more than half of enterprises will. There’s just a ton of movement toward GraphQL right now. That rapid adoption has enterprise teams focused on implementing effective control and management over their GraphQL APIs, from the perspective of collecting and harnessing valuable analytics, streamlining resource management, and providing security. As teams seek the visibility and tooling to protect and fully realize the competitive advantage of GraphQL APIs, attackers are just as excited by new opportunities to exploit vulnerable APIs. An API security report from Salt Labs recently highlighted a targeting APIs over the past year. 681% increase in attacks Nearly 95% of organizations reported experiencing an API security incident in the last year as well. With attacks only predicted to increase going forward, enterprises that have exposed themselves by implementing GraphQL without proper safeguards now need to quickly pursue active and effective GraphQL security strategies. Enterprises new to GraphQL should similarly see these reports and recognize that GraphQL deployments and GraphQL-specific security measures must go hand in hand. Why we decided to participate in HackerNoon's Startup of the Year awards HackerNoon’s Startup of the Year awards celebrate and shine a light on the most innovative and groundbreaking technologies available today. Inigo is not only the most comprehensive and capable platform solution for GraphQL-specific security and management but also an essential component technology that enables teams to securely and effectively utilize the many innovations and advantages made possible by GraphQL APIs. Final Thoughts As teams move forward with GraphQL, they need to verify that they have the visibility, access controls, and firewall protections in place to implement and scale GraphQL with confidence. Inigo is the only solution available that’s ready to protect any GraphQL server with universal GraphQL-specific security layers. Inigo also features the most comprehensive GraphQL security and management toolset available, with real-time automated attack detection and mitigation prepared to thwart query-based DDoS and injection attacks, RBAC introspection separation to enforce schema-based access control at the edge, object-based rate limiting that protects performance in the face of attacks, and data-scraping protection. In short, teams that want to secure and manage efficient GraphQL deployments absolutely must implement Inigo or something else like it…and there’s nothing else like it. ! Vote for us today here

Startups of the Year 2023: Meet Inigo - A GraphQL API Management and Security Solution

Transductive Learning for Textual Few-Shot: Limitations, Acknowledgements, & References

Authors: (1) Dominic Petrak, UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; (2) Nafise Sadat Moosavi, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; (3) Ye Tian, Wluper, London, United Kingdom; (4) Nikolai Rozanov, Wluper, London, United Kingdom; (5) Iryna Gurevych, UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Related Work Datasets Examined Manual Error Type Analysis and Taxonomies Automatic Filtering for Potentially Relevant Dialogs Statistical Analysis Evaluation and Experiments Discussion Conclusion, Limitation, Acknowledgments, and References A Integrated Error Taxonomy – Details B Error-Indicating Sentences And Phrases C Automatic Filtering – Implementation D Automatic Filtering – Sentence-Level Analysis E Task-Oriented Dialogs – Examples F Effectiveness Of Automatic Filtering – A Detailed Analysis G Inter-Annotator Agreement – Detailed Analysis H Annotation Guidelines I Hyperparameters and Baseline Experiments J Human-Human Dialogs – Examples 9 Conclusion In this work, we examined the dialogs of six datasets from various types, including MultiWoZ, SGD, BABI, PersonaChat, Wizards-of-Wikipedia, and the human-bot split from the Self-Feeding Chatbot, for errors in system utterances and the types of subsequent user responses to assess their extendibility with annotations for learning from free-text human feedback. Our results show that this largely depends on whether the dialogs are human-human or human-bot, and whether they are task-oriented, open-domain, or knowledgegrounded. We found that human-bot dialogs, contain more errors in system utterances that are addressed with free-text human feedback in subsequent user responses, especially in the case of opendomain and knowledge-grounded dialogs. Therefore, it might be feasible to extend these datasets with the needed annotations to support research into methods for learning from free-text human feedback, e.g., by taking advantage of the recent developments in synthetic data generation. We also used the insights gained during this process to propose a new user response type taxonomy and a modified Integrated Error Taxonomy for the annotation of free-text human feedback. Our experiments show that including errors from system utterances and subsequent user responses has a positive impact in response generation. 10 Limitations The majority of our evaluation was done manually. Therefore, with respect to the original dataset sizes, we only consider a small fraction of the data in our study. It might be possible that our results would have been clearer when we would have considered more dialogs for the collection of error-indicating sentences. However, our analysis shows that errors found in the randomly selected dialogs are mostly ignored by the user, i.e., the user does not provide free-text human feedback that could be used for learning. Thus, as far as we are concerned, this does not limit the meaningfulness of our results. Regarding dataset selection, our corpus study (and its results) have only limited expressiveness for knowledge-grounded dialog datasets, since we only consider one of such datasets in our study, Wizards-of-Wikipedia (Dinan et al., 2019). However, this does not affect the relevance of our work, as there are already free-text human feedback annotated datasets available, e.g., FITS (Xu et al., 2023), and we considered a representative number of datasets from other dialog types for which there is a lack of publicly available feedback-annotated datasets, such as task-oriented dialogs. The taxonomies used in this work are also subject to limitations. In the case of the modified Integrated Error Taxonomy, our results show that it improves agreement across different dialog types. However, its abstract error types might limit application for specific use cases, e.g., for a more fine-grained consideration of different types of social errors. Moreover, it reflects only error types observed in the datasets examined. The same applies to the user response type taxonomy. 11 Acknowledgments This work has been funded by the LOEWE Distinguished Chair Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing (LOEWE initiative, Hesse, Germany) and the European Union under the Horizon Europe grant № 101070351 (SERMAS). References Antoine Bordes, Y-Lan Boureau, and Jason Weston. 2017. Learning end-to-end goal-oriented dialog. In International Conference on Learning Representations. Paweł Budzianowski, Tsung-Hsien Wen, Bo-Hsiang Tseng, Iñigo Casanueva, Stefan Ultes, Osman Ramadan, and Milica Gašic. 2018. ´ MultiWOZ - a largescale multi-domain Wizard-of-Oz dataset for taskoriented dialogue modelling. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 5016–5026, Brussels, Belgium. Association for Computational Linguistics. Paul F Christiano, Jan Leike, Tom Brown, Miljan Martic, Shane Legg, and Dario Amodei. 2017. Deep Reinforcement Learning from Human Preferences. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 30. Curran Associates, Inc. Hyung Won Chung, Le Hou, Shayne Longpre, Barret Zoph, Yi Tay, William Fedus, Eric Li, Xuezhi Wang, Mostafa Dehghani, Siddhartha Brahma, Albert Webson, Shixiang Shane Gu, Zhuyun Dai, Mirac Suzgun, Xinyun Chen, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Gaurav Mishra, Adams Yu, Vincent Zhao, Yanping Huang, Andrew Dai, Hongkun Yu, Slav Petrov, Ed H. Chi, Jeff Dean, Jacob Devlin, Adam Roberts, Denny Zhou, Quoc V. Le, and Jason Wei. 2022. Scaling instruction-finetuned language models. Emily Dinan, Stephen Roller, Kurt Shuster, Angela Fan, Michael Auli, and Jason Weston. 2019. Wizard of wikipedia: Knowledge-powered conversational agents. In International Conference on Learning Representations. Laila Dybkjaer, Niels Ole Bernsen, and Hans Dybkjaer. 1996. Grice incorporated: Cooperativity in spoken dialogue. 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Kurt Shuster, Jing Xu, Mojtaba Komeili, Da Ju, Eric Michael Smith, Stephen Roller, Megan Ung, Moya Chen, Kushal Arora, Joshua Lane, Morteza Behrooz, William Ngan, Spencer Poff, Naman Goyal, Arthur Szlam, Y-Lan Boureau, Melanie Kambadur, and Jason Weston. 2022. Blenderbot 3: a deployed conversational agent that continually learns to responsibly engage. Kaitao Song, Xu Tan, Tao Qin, Jianfeng Lu, and TieYan Liu. 2020. MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pretraining for Language Understanding. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, volume 33, pages 16857–16867. Curran Associates, Inc. Hugo Touvron, Thibaut Lavril, Gautier Izacard, Xavier Martinet, Marie-Anne Lachaux, Timothée Lacroix, Baptiste Rozière, Naman Goyal, Eric Hambro, Faisal Azhar, Aurelien Rodriguez, Armand Joulin, Edouard Grave, and Guillaume Lample. 2023. Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models. Megan Ung, Jing Xu, and Y-Lan Boureau. 2022. 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Chujie Zheng, Sahand Sabour, Jiaxin Wen, and Minlie Huang. 2022. Augesc: Large-scale data augmentation for emotional support conversation with pretrained language models. This paper is under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Conclusion and Beyond: Navigating the Landscape of Errors and Feedback in AI Conversations

Scientific American Supplement, No. 717, September 28, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . EARLY ELECTRIC LIGHTING. here EARLY ELECTRIC LIGHTING. The opening of the new station of the Electric Lighting Co., of Salem, Mass., was recently celebrated with appropriate festivities. Among the letters of regret from those unable to attend the opening was the following from Prof. Moses G. Farmer: "Eliot, Me., Aug. 5, 1889. " : To the Salem Electric Lighting Company, Charles H. Price, President "Gentlemen: It would give me great pleasure to accept your kind invitation to be present at the opening of your new station in Salem on the 8th of this present August. "It is now thirty years since the first dwelling house in Salem was lighted by electricity. That little obscure dwelling, 11 Pearl Street, formerly owned by 'Pa' Webb, had the honor to be illuminated by the effulgent electric beam during every evening of July, 1859, as some of your honored residents, perhaps, well remember. Mr. George D. Phippen can doubtless testify to one or more evenings; Mr. Wm. H. Mendell, of Boston, can also add his testimony; dozens of others could also do the same, had not some of them already passed to the 'great beyond,' among whom I well recollect the interest taken by the late and honored Henry L. Williams, Mr. J. G. Felt, and I do not know how many others. I well remember reading some of the very finest print standing with my back to the front wall and reading by the light of a 32 candle power lamp on the northernmost end of the mantel piece in the parlor; very possibly the hole in which the lamp was fastened remains to this day. In a little closet in the rear sleeping room was a switch which could be turned in one direction and give a beautiful glow light, while if turned in the other direction, it instantly gave as beautiful a dark. My then 12 year old daughter used to surprise and please her visitors by suddenly turning on and off the 'glim.' It is not well to despise the day of small things, for although the dynamo had not at that date put in an appearance, and though I used thirty-six Smee cells of six gallons capacity each, yet I demonstrated then and there that the incandescent electric light was a possibility, and although I innocently remarked to the late Samuel W. Bates, of Boston, who with his partner, Mr. Chauncey Smith, furnished so generously in the interest of science, not wholly without hope of return, the funds for the experiment, that it 'did not take much zinc,' and though Mr. Bates as naively replied, 'I notice that it takes some silver, though,' still it was then and there heralded as the coming grand illuminant for the dwelling. I am thankful to have lived to see my predictions partly fulfilled. "During the early fifties I published a statement something like this: 'One pound of coal will furnish gas enough to maintain a candle light for fifteen hours. One pound of gas (the product of five pounds of coal) will, in a good fishtail gas burner, furnish one candle light for seventy-five hours. One pound of coal burned in a good furnace, under a good boiler, driving a good steam engine, turning a good magneto-electric machine, will give a candle light for one thousand hours. But if all the energy locked up in one pound of pure carbon could be wholly converted into light, it would maintain one candle light for more than one and a half years.' "So, gentlemen, ; there is still room for improvement. Let your motto be 'Excelsior.' Possibly you may have already extracted from one-fifteenth to one-twelfth of the energy stored in the pound of carbon, but hardly more. Go on, go on, and bring it so cheap as to reach the humblest dwelling when you shall celebrate the centennial of the opening of your new station. nil desperandum "I do most sincerely regret that I cannot be with you in the flesh. I am, like Ixion of old, confined to a wheel (chair in my case), cannot walk, cannot even stand; hence, owing to the impairment of my understanding (???), I must wish you all the enjoyments of the evening, and gladly content myself that you have made so much possible. "Very truly yours,   Moses G. Farmer." About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American Supplement, No. 717, September 28, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/17755/pg17755-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

EARLY ELECTRIC LIGHTING

A SHORT CHRONICLE

A Short History of the World, by H. G. Wells, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE REFORMATION OF THE LATIN CHURCH THE REFORMATION OF THE LATIN CHURCH The Latin Church itself was enormously affected by this mental rebirth. It was dismembered; and even the portion that survived was extensively renewed. We have told how nearly the church came to the autocratic leadership of all Christendom in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and how in the fourteenth and fifteenth its power over men’s minds and affairs declined. We have described how popular religious enthusiasm which had in earlier ages been its support and power was turned against it by its pride, persecutions and centralization, and how the insidious scepticism of Frederick II bore fruit in a growing insubordination of the princes. The Great Schism had reduced its religious and political prestige to negligible proportions. The forces of insurrection struck it now from both sides. The teachings of the Englishman Wycliffe spread widely throughout Europe. In 1398 a learned Czech, John Huss, delivered a series of lectures upon Wycliffe’s teachings in the university of Prague. This teaching spread rapidly beyond the educated class and aroused great popular enthusiasm. In 1414-18 a Council of the whole church was held at Constance to settle the Great Schism. Huss was invited to this Council under promise of a safe conduct from the emperor, seized, put on trial for heresy and burnt alive (1415). So far from tranquillizing the Bohemian people, this led to an insurrection of the Hussites in that country, the first of a series of religious wars that inaugurated the break-up of Latin Christendom. Against this insurrection Pope Martin V, the Pope specially elected at Constance as the head of a reunited Christendom, preached a Crusade. Five Crusades in all were launched upon this sturdy little people and all of them failed. All the unemployed ruffianism of Europe was turned upon Bohemia in the fifteenth century, just as in the thirteenth it had been turned upon the Waldenses. But the Bohemian Czechs, unlike the Waldenses, believed in armed resistance. The Bohemian Crusade dissolved and streamed away from the battlefield at the sound of the Hussites’ waggons and the distant chanting of their troops; it did not even wait to fight (battle of Domazlice, 1431). In 1436 an agreement was patched up with the Hussites by a new Council of the church at Basle in which many of the special objections to Latin practice were conceded. PORTRAIT OF LUTHER (From an early German engraving in the British Museum) In the fifteenth century a great pestilence had produced much social disorganization throughout Europe. There had been extreme misery and discontent among the common people, and peasant risings against the landlords and the wealthy in England and France. After the Hussite Wars these peasant insurrections increased in gravity in Germany and took on a religious character. Printing came in as an influence upon this development. By the middle of the fifteenth century there were printers at work with movable type in Holland and the Rhineland. The art spread to Italy and England, where Caxton was printing in Westminster in 1477. The immediate consequence was a great increase and distribution of Bibles, and greatly increased facilities for widespread popular controversies. The European world became a world of readers, to an extent that had never happened to any community in the past. And this sudden irrigation of the general mind with clearer ideas and more accessible information occurred just at a time when the church was confused and divided and not in a position to defend itself effectively, and when many princes were looking for means to weaken its hold upon the vast wealth it claimed in their dominions. In Germany the attack upon the church gathered round the personality of an ex-monk, Martin Luther (1483-1546), who appeared in Wittenberg in 1517 offering disputations against various orthodox doctrines and practices. At first he disputed in Latin in the fashion of the Schoolmen. Then he took up the new weapon of the printed word and scattered his views far and wide in German addressed to the ordinary people. An attempt was made to suppress him as Huss had been suppressed, but the printing press had changed conditions and he had too many open and secret friends among the German princes for this fate to overtake him. For now in this age of multiplying ideas and weakened faith there were many rulers who saw their advantage in breaking the religious ties between their people and Rome. They sought to make themselves in person the heads of a more nationalized religion. England, Scotland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, North Germany and Bohemia, one after another, separated themselves from the Roman Communion. They have remained separated ever since. A MAJOLICA DISH PAINED IN COLOURS An allegory of the Church triumphant over heretics and infidels. Italian (Urbino), dated 1543 (In the Victoria and Albert Museum) The various princes concerned cared very little for the moral and intellectual freedom of their subjects. They used the religious doubts and insurgence of their peoples to strengthen them against Rome, but they tried to keep a grip upon the popular movement as soon as that rupture was achieved and a national church set up under the control of the crown. But there has always been a curious vitality in the teaching of Jesus, a direct appeal to righteousness and a man’s self-respect over every loyalty and every subordination, lay or ecclesiastical. None of these princely churches broke off without also breaking off a number of fragmentary sects that would admit the intervention of neither prince nor Pope between a man and his God. In England and Scotland, for example, there was a number of sects who now held firmly to the Bible as their one guide in life and belief. They refused the disciplines of a state church. In England these dissentients were the Non- conformists, who played a very large part in the polities of that country in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In England they carried their objection to a princely head to the church so far as to decapitate King Charles I (1649), and for eleven prosperous years England was a republic under Non- conformist rule. The breaking away of this large section of Northern Europe from Latin Christendom is what is generally spoken of as the Reformation. But the shock and stress of these losses produced changes perhaps as profound in the Roman Church itself. The church was reorganized and a new spirit came into its life. One of the dominant figures in this revival was a young Spanish soldier, Inigo Lopez de Recalde, better known to the world as St. Ignatius of Loyola. After some romantic beginnings he became a priest (1538) and was permitted to found the Society of Jesus, a direct attempt to bring the generous and chivalrous traditions of military discipline into the service of religion. This Society of Jesus, the Jesuits, became one of the greatest teaching and missionary societies the world has ever seen. It carried Christianity to India, China and America. It arrested the rapid disintegration of the Roman Church. It raised the standard of education throughout the whole Catholic world; it raised the level of Catholic intelligence and quickened the Catholic conscience everywhere; it stimulated Protestant Europe to competitive educational efforts. The vigorous and aggressive Roman Catholic Church we know to-day is largely the product of this Jesuit revival About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. H. G. Wells (2011). A Short History of the World. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11870/11870-h/11870-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE REFORMATION OF THE LATIN CHURCH

THE COMING OF THE FOOD

SCHOLASTIC

Scale Vision Transformers (ViT) Beyond Hugging Face

Scale Vision Transformers (ViT) Más allá de abrazar la cara

हगिंग फेस से परे स्केल विजन ट्रांसफॉर्मर (वीआईटी)

ハグフェイスを超えてビジョントランスフォーマー (ViT) をスケーリング

Scale Vision Transformers (ViT) além de abraçar o rosto

Người vận chuyển tầm nhìn quy mô (ViT) Ngoài khuôn mặt ôm

缩放视觉变形金刚 (ViT) 超越拥抱脸

David Copperfield: Chapter 22 - Some Old Scenes, And Some New People

TL;DR — Stop being so fucking lazy and just read the damn post in full for once. There’s a lot of noise and very little signal around Web3 and the Metaverse. So much so that Neal Stephenson, you know, , is so pissed off he’s decided to rage quit his latest sci-fi book project and take on everyone to build the damned thing he invented in the first place. the author who actually coined the term The trouble is, the metaverse is already broken. It doesn’t matter if you read Matthew Ball’s book and come away with a sense of purpose and enlightenment — it’s too late for that. He trampled on the shattered remains too whilst running to the publisher to pick up his first royalty cheque. Let me explain. Over the last 12 months or so many people have decided it was time to write the rule book on the Metaverse and Web3; lay out the guidelines, frameworks or cookbook that everyone must follow. They are all wrong. But to get to this point we must first examine where we’re starting from. Let there be light . Then some boffin had a fucking great idea. That idea was The Web. The Web was originally conceived as a document management system (ikr, a bloody filing cabinet changed the world as we know it) and was invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989 and opened to the public in 1991. Not content with just reshaping the planet as we know it he developed the foundations for this brave new world too — HTTP, HTML, the WorldWideWeb browser, a server, and the first website in order to manage documentation. In the beginning, there was nothing The Web was a success at CERN, and began to spread to other scientific and academic institutions. Within the next two years, there were 50 websites created. 50. Lulz. Then the mad kings at CERN made the Web protocol and code available royalty-free in 1993, and that was that. Every human being suddenly became an HTML influencer and so the promise of decentralization and democratization of the web was fulfilled. Tim surveyed the breadth of his domain and he did weep. To view this new digital promised land the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) developed the first web browser, called Mosaic. It turned HTML into a visual feast (exaggeration) and basically accelerated the web's initial growth. Now here’s the first tragedy. The licensing terms for NCSA Mosaic were generous for a proprietary software program. In general, non-commercial use was free of charge for all versions (with certain limitations). Additionally, the X Window System/Unix version publicly provided source code (source code for the other versions was available after agreements were signed). Mosaic was never released as open-source software and there were always constraints on permissible uses without payment. This incredibly short-sighted move broke the web’s first and cardinal rule which we’ve been clamoring to reclaim ever since — (or democratization, I don’t care which term you lean into most anymore, I always hear Inigo Montoya speaking in my ears at this point). decentralization Act two is even more tragic. Not keeping the first browser open source and available for everyone to use freely and improve paved the way for what was to come. And lo and behold, who stepped in first? Marc Andreessen. Marc steps in with Netscape and launches arguably the first commercial browser (Internet Explorer came after, and was based on Mosaic’s code and we all know where that chequered history of forcing everyone to use IE with Windows led to). Marc and a16z are now trying to tell us in 2022 that decentralization and open source are key to an open and free metaverse but he broke it all in 1994 and there’s no winding the clock back. Can you imagine Tim’s face seeing his baby run free and then suddenly be surrounded by the likes of Andreessen and Gates? Anyway, a bunch of stuff happened after, there was some kind of bubble, a million-dollar website was created, Neal Stephenson wrote Snow Crash and other wonderful things so let’s skip lunch and head to the main course. Seven Deadly Sins I’m going to pick on three separate ‘manifestos’ written about the Metaverse, each one containing pretty much the same framework of seven ‘rules’ or guidelines. I’m not sure why they all settle on seven, it’s hardly a lucky number in this case. Tony Parisi — arguably one of the OGs who knows and has practiced his art. The Seven Rules of the Metaverse Rule #1. There is only one Metaverse. Rule #2: The Metaverse is for everyone. Rule #3: Nobody controls the Metaverse. Rule #4: The Metaverse is open. Rule #5: The Metaverse is hardware-independent. Rule #6: The Metaverse is a Network. Rule #7: The Metaverse is the Internet. Andreessen Horowitz — broke the web in 1994 and spends lots of money trying to make amends. 7 Essential Ingredients of a Metaverse Decentralization Property Rights Self-sovereign Identity Composability Openness/ Open source Community Ownership Social immersion Matthew Ball — got lucky with a set of blog posts and bagged a book deal. Framework for the Metaverse Hardware Networking Compute Virtual Platforms Interchange Tools and Standards Payments Metaverse Content, Services, and Assets User Behaviours Oh Matthew! you’ve ruined my Lucky Seven list with that last point but I’ll let you off you cheeky scamp. Rather than come up with my own set of rules, primarily because it’s a fucking waste of time, I’ll tackle a few core areas and themes which are spread across each of these manifestos. The real reason why I won’t bother with a set of rules of my own is far, far simpler and less filled with profanity — the birth of the web came with no rules. This is far more important than any of you realize; it was allowed to evolve into its first incarnation and direction. Arguably that’s also the reason why it turned into a royal shit show when the capitalists moved in and upped the rent but it’s that sense of wonder and freedom that we absolutely must uphold and retain for this time around because the metaverse has been lauded as the new internet — not an evolution but a revolution. The metaverse we already know about, like Second Life, is part of history that we must learn from and not ignore but it’s not part of the future. It’s built on the ideals of the previous web(s) and in part, has influenced these sets of rules in themselves. In a sense, we build the metaverse alongside the old web, not on top of but both must co-exist for a long time. Like a failed marriage there’s a lengthy period of mediation and couples therapy before two people go their separate ways and this is no different. So, Number One on the list — Decentralisation. Decentralization or democratization, whatever This is the MOFO that feeds the FOMO. a16z comes straight out the gate with it, Tony discusses it across a few of his core rules and Matthew barely touches on it as an explicit guideline but does talk about aspects of it across his entire primer series. I honestly don’t know where to begin with this one because it’s such a divisive and far-reaching topic but I’ll start here. The current Web3 movement toward decentralization, for example, is an important step toward putting power back in the hands of consumers and producers, for distribution, payments and identity verification. This will have implications on how and where some information is maintained in the Metaverse. On the other hand, this in no way implies that we should favor decentralization in all layers, such as in data storage or network topology; approaches should be judged on their own merits with respect to features, performance, privacy and security. Actually, Tony old chum, on your last point in this quote I disagree. Fundamentally, decentralisation at the scale needed to support the very idea of the metaverse is indeed needed at the infrastructure layer right down to the grassroots. We’ve seen some of this occur with startups like Arweave who are building distributed storage solutions using spare capacity tied to a blockchain protocol. This is one-third of a solution that ultimately may become the backbone of the metaverse and a benefit to society at the same time, and there may not be a requirement to use cryptocurrencies or tokenomics as a funding model which the web3 pundits will be shaking their fists at reading this. In Part IV of his primer, , Matthew goes into detail about various types of computing infrastructure; from centralized servers, supercomputers, cloud and edge but it is again, in distributed computing that there lies a future for decentralization at the infrastructure scale needed for the metaverse. Compute In fact, as early as the 1990s, programs emerged for distributed computing using everyday consumer hardware. Examples include Berkeley’s , wherein consumers would volunteer use of their home computers to power the search for alien life. But more recent blockchain concepts, including smart contracts and tokens, provide an economic model for this sharing. In this conception, owners of underutilized CPUs and GPUs would be ‘paid’ in some cryptocurrency for the use of their processing capabilities, perhaps by users located ‘near’ them in network topology. There might even be a live auction for access to these resources, either those with ‘jobs’ bidding for access, or those with capacity bidding on jobs. SETI@HOME He elaborates further but here we find the second part of the solution — distributed computing. Both distributed storage and compute are the only ways to handle the processing power and storage requirements needed for the metaverse and web3. Matthew speaks of persistency a number of times in different contexts but without the scale of this nature that distributed computing offers in terms of scale, persistency and redundancy we will always be at the mercy of CDN networks, AWS-type server centers and all the nines availability. Here we have the foundations of decentralization that everyone rabbits on about — the fact that every person on this planet with a connected device capable enough now owns and runs a part of the metaverse passively. Where previous attempts like Arweave (and another mobile phone-based startup using spare compute with crypto that I can’t for the fucking life of me remember the name of) is that they built a service tied to a token that nobody gives a shit about. I mean, you’d think that the idea of free money would bring people in their millions (I’m sure that was the business model on the pitch deck at least) but they fail for fundamentally simple reasons — they don’t understand people. People don’t care. People would rather create an Inigo Montoya meme on ImgFlip than download an app that drains their battery for free money. This is also the primary reason that Project Solid — Tim Berners-Lee’s attempt to regain control over data privacy — has failed. It was predicated on the notion that societal attitudes in 2022 are the same societal attitudes of 1992; build it and they will come, they will care about their data again, they will launch their own pods and the web will be good again. Bless you, Tim. You should have hired a behavioral scientist or at least spent a couple of hours in Primark to understand where the world is today. Now, here’s the kicker, the last piece of that pie that nobody has yet put together. Not even Andrew Yang. You paying attention Yang, you’re going to kick yourself with this one. You tie Universal Basic Income (UBI) to the provision of distributed computing and storage necessary to handle the metaverse and enterprise in general. You don’t need to tie it to a token, capitalism pays for this. Never mind another tax. My god, why is it always linked to taxation?! And fuck play-to-earn. That shit is dead. I’m pretty sure even Andrew Yang got suckered into thinking that was a solution at one point before beating a hasty retreat when the markets tanked. Society-level passive income paid for the spare compute and storage requirements that sit idle in everyone’s home connected to the internet. And what’s the absolute basic requirement for that (besides a mobile phone) — the home broadband router. Right now, it’s a blinky light box that sits in a dark corner forgotten about until you can’t get wifi and you give it a smack, but what if it evolved into something else. A metaverse node — a router with the power and storage capacity when sitting within a distributed computing network that can solve a shit tonne of problems across science, govt, manufacturing, pharma, healthcare, banking, and of course the metaverse. And they pay for it. They pay for the compute from Amazon, Google, Tencent, and Azure…so why not give it to you, the humble node owner? In the distant future even AWS will be paying you for some of your capacity when they can’t build anything to scale anymore. Makes you think about where the real power lies. That’s decentralization. You always had the power but they kept you doped up on social media dopamine so you forgot. You make this as invisible as possible but with the provision from Govt that everyone will have one and earn from it. Heck, you could even make this a crypto-wallet or part of a decentralized identity system. And with decentralization comes extra security too. Community DAOs become a thing, equitable ownership and voting rights over local authority spending tied to smart contracts and accessible on your node…you still there, Yang? I hope you’re taking notes. Anyways, the long and labored point here is — decentralization is a lot more than people think it is and in fact a path to solving a lot of issues not only with the current web infrastructure but also how we view the ownership of the metaverse and society. There you go Tony, I’ve solved #2 and #3 for you. I won’t write about distributed AI because some people will cry ‘Skynet’ into their cornflakes and not read the rest. And I haven’t mentioned a16z’s take on decentralization because, frankly, it doesn’t say anything. Oh no, it’s a cliffhanger! Congratulations, you’ve made it this far and like all good serials, I’m ending on a cliffhanger. I’m going to split this up into a series of interconnected blog posts rather than a 30,000-word essay and look to dissect the various manifestos written about the metaverse and web3 in easier-to-manage chunks. And the next Chapter in this saga is titled: Born Free — Open, Interoperable, For Everyone In the next post, I’ll talk about interoperability, standards, open source and why Epic Games is really the schoolyard bully and not the goody-two-shoes prefect everyone makes them out to be. Matthew seems to have a real penchant for Tim Sweeney, Unreal Engine and Epic Games and I’ve thoroughly enjoyed his writing on the subject but I believe he’s gotten too close to seeing that Tim’s 20-year holy grail quest for the metaverse is not the same one the rest of us should be treading (again, why I think we should be building aside and not atop what we have today, let Tim run riot in his own backyard). Feel free to comment, gnash your teeth, shake a fist, or send threatening letters to cease and desist. Also Published Here

Why the Metaverse is Broken and How it Can be Fixed — Chapter 1

Lessons from Teaching a Micro Master’s Degree in Front-End  Engineering — The Amazon Way

Time Synchronization in modular collaborative robots

A standard interface for robot modules. This article is a writeup of “An information model for modular robots: the Hardware Robot Information Model (HRIM)” available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.01459 . : Peer written with Irati Zamalloa Ugarte , Alejandro Hernández , Iñigo Muguruza and Risto Kojcev Representation of the connection map of an exemplary robot in a workspace. Components are interconnected through buses and the information flows in a distributed way. Today’s landscape of robotics is dominated by vertical integration where single vendors develop the final product leading to slow progress, expensive products and customer lock-in. Opposite to this, an horizontal integration would result in a rapid development of cost-effective mass-market products with an additional consumer empowerment. The transition of an industry from vertical integration to horizontal integration is typically catalyzed by de facto industry standards that enable a simplified and seamless integration of products. However, in robotics there is currently no leading candidate for a global plug-and-play standard. The transition of an industry from vertical integration to horizontal integration is typically catalyzed by de facto industry standards that enable a simplified and seamless integration of products. However, in robotics there is currently no leading candidate for a global plug-and-play standard. The content below presents our work behind a standard interface for robot modules: the ( ), a model to create plug-and-play robot hardware components. Hardware Robot Information Model HRIM Motivation Existing and emerging robot technologies have the potential to rapidly disrupt many areas, yet we are still in the early days of the robotics revolution. In 2011, M. Jändel [1] described that . According to Jändel, a global standard for plug-and-play robotics would be instrumental for transforming the structure of the industry and dramatically reducing costs, thus facilitating the applications of robotics to all domains of modern society. In summary, a plug-and-play standard that eases interoperability and reusability for robotics would significantly contribute to the development of relevant hardware and software which can quickly be assembled for solving the task at hand. one of the main hurdles of the robotics transformation is the lack of integrative standards The importance of reusability and interoperability in robotics was also highlighted by Mayoral et al. [2], where the authors introduce how the integration effort of a robot, composed by diverse sub-components or parts, supersedes many other tasks. In that paper, the was presented. A common infrastructure that reduces the integration effort by creating an environment where components can simply be connected and interoperate seamlessly. This infrastructure becomes particularly relevant when working with modular robots, robots composed by different sub-modules that may or may not come from the same manufacturer. Hardware Robot Operating System (H-ROS) The current state of the art shows that, in an attempt to create standards and international agreements [3], several ontologies have been produced in the domain of robotics, however these models still have not been accepted neither translated to industry. . As concluded by Zamalloa et al. [4], due to the vertical approach that most robot manufacturers follow and the lack of identified collaborations between them, no single player in robotics has currently the position of establishing a de facto standard by itself. Our work addresses the need in the robotics industry of a common interface that facilitates interoperability among different vendors of robot hardware components. Robot component manufacturers still lack of a common set of principles to follow when designing the interfaces of their robot hardware devices The Hardware Robot Information Model (HRIM) HRIM is a common interface that facilitates interoperability among different vendors of robot hardware components with the purpose of building robot modules and thereby, modular robots. HRIM focuses on the standardization of the logical interfaces between robot modules, designing a set of rules that each device has to meet in order to achieve interoperability. It tackles the problem of incompatibility between robot components that hinder the reconfigurability and flexibility demanded by the robotics industry. In a nutshell, HRIM presents a model to create plug-and-play robot hardware components. In a nutshell, HRIM presents a model to create plug-and-play robot hardware components. HRIM builds upon the component model of the , since it stands out as the reference framework for robot application development. The popularity of ROS led to a huge variety of new algorithms and solutions of technical challenges in robotics. ROS is a representative example of the current situation in robotics software. Already in 2009, it was mentioned as the most promising emerging standard in the Roadmap for US Robotics [5], and since then, it has only grown enabling the reuse of the code and creating simulation platforms to support early development and testing of algorithms, without compromising the safety of researchers and hardware. Robot Operating System (ROS) In order to build any robot, real world implementation requires taking into account the common hardware components used in robotics. The robot modules have been classified in 6 (actually, there’s a seventh, that is a work in progress) of modules which correspond to the task they can perform: , , , , or Each is composed by or , related to the functionality of the component. For example, a is a sub-type of the sensor type. The following image pictures the for each device (or sub-type): composites types sensing actuation communication cognition user interfaces power. type sub-types devices camera HRIM component model The general structure in which all the HRIM component models are based on. Each component has , services, parameters and actions to communicate. For each one of these abstractions, the figure illustrates that some will be mandatory and some others optional. topics The naming convention as well as the general structure of this “HRIM component model” are explained in the . original paper HRIM example: rotary servomotor We present here an example of the interfaces specified by HRIM for a particular robot module: a rotary servomotor. We have chosen the rotary servomotor since it is one of the most used components in robotics and sufficient to explain most of the HRIM details. The figure below illustrates the HRIM component model of a rotary servomotor device. The common requirements (shared by all types and sub-types of modules) are represented in pink and are not covered here. Details about messages described below are also omitted for brevity. Refer to the original article for a complete reference on the messages and fields discussed. : through message , the component model describes all the necessary specifications for the implementation of a rotary servomotor. specs SpecsRotaryServo.msg : rotary servomotors belong to the actuator type classification. In this case, it is necessary to define an end goal (position) which can be achieved with different velocity or acceleration. goal (device purpose) : through , a rotary servomotor continuously publishes information regarding the motor condition, how is it working, and the reason in case of error. state StateRotaryServo.msg : some rotary servomotors have the option to control the acceleration. If that is the case, the manufacturer has to use the and expose the acceleration, so that the user can control this feature. acceleration GoalAcceleration.msg : the temperature sensor is an independent sensor which can be integrated into other devices in order to know the interior temperature of the module. temperature : through messages like , a module is able to inform about its particularities, so that it can be automatically integrated in the robot with as little interaction from humans as possible. This reconfiguration functionality is expected to be extended in the future, and likely, additional types of reconfiguration will be included within HRIM. reconfiguration Reconfiguration.msg As an information model for modular robots, HRIM has been built with modularity in mind. Each block has a unique and well identified purpose, making HRIM reusable among many hardware components purposed for robotics. Release, adoption and next steps We are proud to announce , the Hardware Robot Information Model. This version is available at and includes preliminary component models for the following devices: version 0.1.0 of HRIM https://github.com/erlerobot/HRIM/releases/tag/v0.1.0 actuator devices: gripper and rotary servomotors. sensor devices: rangefinder, 2DLaser, 3DCamera (depthsensor), camera, gasdetector, imu, microphone, thermometer. composite devices: arm, conveyor, mobilebase. In addition: official documentation available at https://docs.h-ros.com/hrim discussion and issues here contributions here Adoption and standardization Although HRIM has originally been designed with the ROS component model in mind, our team envisions to other robotics middleware to facilitate adoption and international agreements. To this end, HRIM has been presented to national experts at the within the scope of the standardization in the field of robotics, excluding toys and military applications (ISO/TC 299). Particularly, it has been introduced within the ongoing standard ISO/CD 22166–1 which treats modularity for service robots. its extension International Standardization Organization (ISO) In addition, — the largest research organization for applied research in Europe — is currently looking at HRIM to adopt it and extend it for several projects. Mirko Bordignon, group manager at Fraunhofer IPA said: Fraunhofer IPA After years of experience designing, developing, and deploying software on robotic systems, we fully subscribe to the objectives stated in the HRIM manifesto: working towards true “plug and play” hardware modules through a standardized information model, which merges the inputs and feedback gathered from open-source communities with the stability and platform-independence required by standardization bodies. We look forward to contribute our experience to further advancing HRIM towards this goal! Similarly, HRIM picked the interest of the (ROS-I) consortium during the last ROS-I conference where HRIM was introduced. ROS-Industrial Europe Next steps HRIM has raised the interest of several groups and consortiums however it was born to answer a market need and that’s where our focus is. HRIM is currently being used by the — a to create modular robot parts — while collaborating with a variety of manufacturers including some of the most popular players in the robotics landscape. We are driven by a reality where robots can be built out of interoperable (manufacturer-agnostic) components and HRIM is the that empowers this future. Hardware Robot Operating System (H-ROS) technology tool If you are interested in modularity for robots, or happen to manufacture a robot component. Whether it is a sensor, an actuator, a communication interface or any other type of module, come talk to us. References [1] M. Jändel, “Plug-and-play robotics,” in Proceedings of NATO Symposium on Emerged/Emerging “Disruptive” Technologies (IST-099). [2] V. Mayoral, A. Hernández, R. Kojcev, I. Muguruza, I. Zamalloa, A. Bilbao, and L. Usategi, “The shift in the robotics paradigm; the hardware robot operating system (h-ros); an infrastructure to create interoperable robot components,” in 2017 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS), July 2017, pp. 229–236. [3] T. Haidegger, M. Barreto, P. Gonçalves, M. K. Habib, S. K. V. Ragavan, H. Li, A. Vaccarella, R. Perrone, and E. Prestes, “Applied ontologies and standards for service robots,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 1215–1223, 2013, ubiquitous Robotics. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092188901300105X [4] I. Zamalloa, R. Kojcev, A. Hernández, I. Muguruza, L. Usategui, A. Bilbao, and V. Mayoral, “Dissecting robotics-historical overview and future perspectives,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.08617, 2017. [5] J. M. Hollerbach, M. T. Mason, and H. I. Christensen, “A roadmap for us robotics–from internet to robotics,” Workshop on emerging technologies and trends, 2009. [6] Object Management Group (OMG), “Hardware Abstraction Layer For Robotic Technology (HAL4RT) Specification, Version 1.0,” OMG Document Number formal/2016–01–01 (http://www.omg.org/spec/HAL4RT/), 2016.

Introducing the Hardware Robot Information Model (HRIM)

In the past few years, there’s been an explosion of tools in the data ecosystem, allowing companies to sync, store, transform, serve, and analyze data cheaper and faster than ever before. The rich ecosystem of tooling surrounding this movement has been referred to as the “Modern Data Stack”. On the left side of the diagram, you have your data sources — this can be your application’s production database, as well as SaaS tools like Shopify, Stripe, and Google Sheets where customer data can live. Next, you’ll use tools such as Fivetran and Stitch to load data from these sources in your data warehouse. You may also use tools like dbt to transform your data to make sure it’s in the right schema for further use. Next, you have your data warehouses — hyper-efficient and scalable centralized data stores for all your data. The robustness and speed of modern-day data warehouses have played a pivotal role in driving the innovation of the Modern Data Stack. Finally, on the right-most side of the stack are tools that help you extract insights and take action on your data. Tools like Tableau and Sisense have been around for a long time to help you analyze and visualize data. Tools like Hightouch and Census are relatively newer, helping you sync data from your warehouse back to SaaS applications like Mailchimp and Salesforce. Finally, we have the newest frontier on the Modern Data Stack which is data-driven operations. Tools such as live in this category to help you not only analyze your data but take action on it. Let’s take a look at some concrete use cases. LogicLoop Data-driven operations use cases alert when a condition of your business operations needs attention: Business Operations Alerting — — create a case when a suspicious transaction occurs on your platform Fraud monitoring — email an Account Executive if a user is using advanced features of your product Sales opportunities — ping a product manager if new user sign-up counts are low Product usage monitoring - send a manager a report if customer support response times are too slow Team productivity stats send customers outreach communications when certain conditions are met: Customer Outreach — — send a welcome email when a new user signs up for your platform New user onboarding — send a congratulatory text when a user hits a certain milestone on your platform User milestone notifications — send a reminder email if a user has not been active on your platform for more than a month User churn notifications — send a weekly summary of their usage stats on your platform Weekly usage reports automate the next step in a process when a business event occurs: Automation — — automatically order more inventory when an SKU count is low Inventory management ‍ — automatically increase or decrease ad spend based on performance Manage advertising spend — automatically create a Stripe subscription for new users who sign up Billing alert when a data condition is not met or an external API is down: Systems Alerting — — alert when a data field is NULL or contains an inappropriate value Data conditions — generate a PagerDuty alert if an external API you rely on is down External API Once you see all the workflows you can build with data-driven operations, you won’t be able to un-see them. Why is this interesting now? These types of workflows are very common and surely have been built by many companies over the years, so why is this significant? Primarily because in the past, many of these workflows needed to be built and maintained by engineers, whose time and resources are very expensive. With the rise of the modern data ecosystem, non-technical professionals like business operations analysts can now unlock these workflows on their own with some SQL knowledge. This allows their company to grow and scale their operations faster and increase revenue-generating touch points without needing more engineering headcount. Data-driven operations tools like LogicLoop can help you quickly set up these workflows to help your company scale.‍ Conclusion Data is becoming more and more accessible and reliable, and non-technical employees are increasingly becoming more data literate, creating an opening for a business operations platform to be built directly on top of the data warehouse. While the data-driven operations space is relatively new, it’s growing quickly along with the rest of the ecosystem. With all the innovation that has occurred in the data space, it’s a great time to continue to push the frontier of what’s possible. Here’s to seeing this category expand widely into the future! Also published . here

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