IQM has also developed and operates a proprietary hyperlocal geotargeting white label platform that enables the delivery of Mobile Advertisements in a highly targeted and cost-effective manner

Online discussions about life in California often paint a grim picture: rampant car break-ins, drug crises, sprawling homeless camps, and a general sense of decay. This begs the question: is the Bay Area, once the world's startup utopia, still the future of tech, or has it become a relic of the past? Enter Helsinki. Tucked away in the northern stretches of Europe, Finland's capital is emerging as a dark horse in the global tech race. This city, known for its tranquil streets and high quality of life, is rapidly becoming a powerhouse in the tech world. But it's not just the clean air and low crime rates that are drawing a crowd; Helsinki is proving to be a fertile ground for technological innovation, particularly in AI, quantum computing, and smart technology. At the heart of this innovation lies , a city marketing, investment, and talent initiative owned by the city of Helsinki. Helsinki is doing everything it can to bring top talent to the country, and the results speak for themselves: Helsinki is the #1 ranked in Europe, boasts the in the world, and its VC funds continue to . Helsinki Partners digital economy best work-life balance perform strongly Helsinki's Technological Prowess: AI and Beyond After decades of research, AI has finally become mainstream, largely thanks to . It seems like every startup these days is AI-focused, and there’s no better place to be than Helsinki. Helsinki is making significant strides in AI, but it's not just about the number of startups or the funding pouring in; it's the quality of research and the ethical approach to technology that sets the city apart. LLMs have received around EUR 200 million in additional funding since 2017. A major factor behind this surge is Finland’s national AI strategy, one of the first in the world, emphasizing education and research in AI. This strategy has cultivated a rich ecosystem where fundamental research meets practical application. Over 300 AI firms The (FCAI) is a testament to this, focusing on human-centric and ethical AI. This approach to AI, where technology serves humanity and not the other way around, could redefine how we integrate AI into our daily lives. Finnish Center for Artificial Intelligence Quantum Computing: The Next Frontier Helsinki is also at the forefront of . Home to some of Europe's most innovative startups in the field, such as IQM and Bluefors, the city offers a complete supply chain for quantum computing, from fundamental research to production. quantum computing With institutions like Aalto University and VTT Technical Research Centre leading the way, Helsinki is not just participating in the quantum race; it's setting the pace. The emphasis on sustainable development in quantum computing is particularly noteworthy. In a world increasingly concerned with environmental impact, Helsinki's focus on developing sustainable quantum technologies sets a global example. This approach aligns with Finland's broader commitment to sustainability, further enhancing the appeal of Helsinki as a tech hub. Fintech Innovation: A Digital Powerhouse The is booming, leveraging Finland's longstanding expertise in ICT & mobile technology. What makes Helsinki particularly attractive for fintech innovation is the complete value chain it offers – from R&D to software development, algorithms, hardware design, and commercialization. Additionally, the city's strong cybersecurity cluster and open data frameworks provide an ideal environment for fintech companies to flourish. fintech sector in Helsinki Helsinki Partners plays a pivotal role in this growth, supporting international companies and investors in finding the best business opportunities in the city. Their focus on collaboration, diversification, and open-source data sharing is fostering an environment where fintech innovation can thrive. Smart Energy: Leading the Green Revolution Helsinki is not just about digital technology; it's also at the forefront of smart energy solutions. The nation’s has spurred innovation in smart grids, energy-efficient buildings, and renewable energy sources. goal to be carbon-neutral by 2035 Helsinki's smart energy ecosystem benefits from the city's strong technical expertise in 5G, AI, and IoT, coupled with liberal energy legislation and a progressive strategy on clean energy. Individual manufacturers are also playing a big role, from to . This collaboration with the private sector is driving advancements in smart energy solutions, positioning Helsinki as a leader in sustainable energy innovation. bio-heating facilities wind energy A Tech Ecosystem Par Excellence What truly sets Helsinki apart is its holistic approach to technology. The city's tech ecosystem is characterized by its collaborative spirit, where corporations, startups, universities, and the public sector work hand-in-hand. This collaboration is evident in areas ranging from AI and quantum computing to fintech and smart energy. The city's focus on ethical AI, sustainable quantum computing, fintech innovation, and smart energy solutions reflects a deep understanding of the role technology plays in society. Helsinki isn’t just developing technology for the sake of it; the city is reimagining how technology can enhance human life, promote sustainability, and drive economic growth. In conclusion, while Silicon Valley has long been the world's tech Mecca, Helsinki is emerging as a new kind of tech hub – one that prioritizes sustainability, ethics, and collaboration. With its cutting-edge innovations and holistic approach, Helsinki is not just competing with the Silicon Valley model; it's redefining what a tech hub can be. It's a place where technology meets humanity, where innovation is driven by a desire to improve lives and protect the planet. In this new era of tech, Helsinki is not just a city to watch; it's a city to emulate.

Why Helsinki Could Be the Next Silicon Valley: A Tech Perspective

What Is Quantum Computing and How to Harness It? For starters, quantum computers use subatomic particles as the basic unit for doing computations. To be more exact, they use quantum bits; also known as qubits. “Nature isn’t classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly, it’s a wonderful problem because it doesn’t look so easy.” — Richard Feynman Two of the most important aspects of qubits are and . Entanglement Superposition “One key factor in this development is how quantum mechanics allows two or more particles to exist in what is called an state. What happens to one of the particles in an entangled pair determines what happens to the other particle, even if they are far apart.” — Entangled states from theory to technology. entangled The more entangled bits, the more calculations quantum computers can do. refers to the ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time . Superposition until it is measured One of the biggest misconceptions concerning superposition is that it applies only to two states, but in reality, superposition refers to two or more states and is not always uniform meaning that the states can have different probabilities. Naturally, the act of measurement will disturb the coherent superposition of states. How Does It Work? You might wonder how qubits are manipulated in quantum computers; the answer is microwaves. The quantum bits are actually quantum particles like electrons or photons which are operated at low temperatures using microwave pulses. Naturally, quantum computers don’t work at room temperature; they need ultracold temperature ( near zero Kelvin, or -273.15 Celsius) Can I Use It? The most popular SDK is which provides the medium for end-users to interface with systems hardware and perform complex computing operations like simulation, optimization, and artificial intelligence. Qiskit At its core Qiskit is a quantum circuit construction, optimization, and execution engine, and by quantum circuit I mean a . Basically, you can mimic the execution of a quantum circuit, and the workflow will consist of four steps: computational routine Build the quantum circuit that models the problem you are considering. Compile the circuit for the desired quantum service: quantum system- the online quantum processors are the systems or local classical simulators. IBM Quantum Run the compiled circuits. Analyze the summary statistics and visualize the results of the experiments. How It Will Evolve and How It Will Impact Society Of course, some of the big players are tech giants ala IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, and Google are already involved. IBM has a rich history of quantum computers; David P. DiVincenzo (former IBM) proposed the minimal requirements for creating a quantum computer, also known as the . DiVincenzo criteria Nonetheless, there are some well-funded startups like Rigetti, IQM, and Quantinuumm that are researching this domain, and in its , IBM has projected that a 1000+ qubit quantum computer will be available in 2023. roadmap Even though the computing power increases exponentially with the number of qubits, quantum computers have fairly high error rates, but the purpose of a quantum computer isn’t classical computing problems; rather, it is more suited for simulations or artificial intelligence tasks. Just think about simulating a chemical reaction; it’s impossible even for the most powerful supercomputer to simulate molecular interaction, i.e., . molecule modeling As a closing note, I would like to share the following quote which I feel encompasses the very essence of quantum computing. “Using quantum principles to compute is as different from classical computing as a classical supercomputer is from an abacus” — William Phillips

Quantum Computing: From Zero to Hero

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From the dawn of civilization, translation fascinates humanity’s desire to bring ideas across language and cultural barriers. Historians have found the Akkadian translation of the Sumerian to be the earliest translated text. (No, I’m not referring to in the Marvel Eternals, and no he is not ). Epic of Gilgamesh Don Lee Wong from Dr. Strange Closer to modern history, linguists raced to decipher the Egyptian . hieroglyphs on the Rosetta stone Today, translations in the forms of ciphers have sent nations rushing to develop automatic translator devices, like the and during the cold war. Engima in World War II IBM’s Thinking Machine “Does this mean the end of human translators? Yes for scientific and technical material but as regards poetry and novel, no I don't think we'll ever replace these translators” - Paramount News (1954) Computer science has advanced far from the 1950s. With the recent renaissance of deep learning, state-of-the-art machine translation systems have achieved ‘ ’, reached and . human parity , translation quality comparable to human professionals correctly translated the essence of a French poem Is this the final frontier of machine translation? Technologists, scientists, and big tech companies would use any opportunity to tout any record-breaking achievements. And this is the point where articles would normally do some fear-mongering, “ ” or “ ”. The end of human translators Translators replaced by machines in the fourth industrial revolution But this isn’t that kind of article. Instead, I would like to introduce readers to the simple notion of Translation Memory (TM). There is no doubt that machine translation makes mistakes and human intervention is absolutely necessary for (for now). Translation applications range from non-critical translations of Zelda games to precarious situations where a doctor needs to translate medical reports to give an accurate prognosis. high fidelity translations The correct translation is critical, especially in medical and pharmaceutical translations that require specialist world knowledge. For example, a machine without some knowledge base would never be able to properly translate “ ” (Polish) to “ ” (American English); “paracetamolu” would have translated to “Paracetamol” which is common in British English. przedawkowanie paracetamolu Acetaminophen/Tylenol overdose For these situations, a human is needed to edit the machine translation, or a good Translation Memory should be able to take care of the replacement. terminology A machine … would never be able to translate “ przedawkowanie paracetamolu” (Polish) to American English. Translation Memory is just a database The simplest form of Translation Memory (TM) is a database of translated texts curated by human translations. Typically, before a translator translates a document, that first tries to search for matches in the TM database and pre-populates the translations for segments that are perfect or near-perfect matches. they use translation editing software Translation Memories are a very useful tool for humans and machines, they usually feature: A translator has previously translated, “水のように” to “ r” and “火“ to “fire”, now the TM is able to find translations for “火のように”. Smart Remembering: be like wate Imagine the boredom of translating and re-translating websites and contract boilerplates; or translating “Link… every blood moon. Reduce Repetition: Ganon's power grows...” Other than medical scenarios illustrated above, there are other translation jobs that have equally high stakes that require specific terminological translations, e.g. (technical knowledge) or (cultural knowledge). Introduce Knowledge: getting sued for mistranslating car manuals translation errors that could have started a war Wait a minute, isn’t TM just the training data for Machine Translation? Yes, it can be. But it can be a lot more than . There are several scenarios that TM can integrate with machine translation (MT) and it is not just the training data. Consider the following: just the training data The TM is only available after the MT model is trained The TM has constant updates and additions/deletions The TM is used to correct MT mistakes In the first scenario, companies and individuals that do not build their own machine translation engines have no other choice but to , e.g. plug in the TM as an ad-hoc if-else from aomame import GoogleTranslator


gt = GoogleTranslator(host="translation.googleapis.com", key="*******")

def translate(text, source_lang, target_lang, tm):
    if text in tm:
        return tm[text]
    else:
        return gt.translate(text, source_lang, target_lang)

tm = {"przedawkowanie paracetamolu": "Tylenol overdose"}

input = "przedawkowanie paracetamolu"

translate(input, "pl", "en", tm) For the second scenario, imagine if the medical director decrees that all documents are to use generic drug names, i.e. “ instead of “ ”. Even if Google somehow managed to get the right translation to the example above at some point, you still can’t go to the Google office and enforce only generic drug names in the translation. Acetaminophen” Tylenol And the last scenario, after expanding all your means of training/tuning or complaining to Google, there is no way for the model to learn the right translation for “ ” to “ you would have to resort to using the TM on-top of the MT for specific translations. przedawkowanie Acetaminophen”, If the model ain’t learning, you ain’t tuning hard enough It’s possibly true that the model will eventually learn the right translation after concocting the right mixture of training data with the TM and turning the knobs on the hyperparameter ham-radio. One should consider the ROI of: But at what cost would it be to fix that particular translation? Infrastructure effort and computing cost of setting up a model tuning mechanism Human effort of hyperparameter tuning or writing the code to tune hyperparameters The time it takes to deliver the right translations to the user Are there sentences that machine translation just can’t get right, no matter how much data/tuning you throw at it? Regardless of the task, there will always be a data point that a machine can’t get right, especially when humans sometime struggle too. The exists in machine translation too. “Chihuahua or Muffin” problem Shiba or marshmallow ? - Karen Zack, @teenybiscuit (2016) Since the days of the , we have understood that some texts are harder to translate than others, most notably web text; the misspelling prone comments, abbreviations, slang, and fat-fingers “ ” make translations of web texts challenging. GALE project covfefe Why does Google Translate do so well on web texts translations? The magic in machine learning is often data and indirectly, human-created data. Have you wondered why there is sometimes a human figure symbol next to the translation on Google? That is an example of ad-hoc translation memory usage in machine translation. “Covfefe”  was stored as a human validated translation and most probably it is a frequently translated word and Google wants to enforce the word preservation as the right translation. Even if public translation APIs don’t explicitly tell you that humans curate their translation data behind the scenes, data cleaning is critical to a state-of-the-art machine learning model. So much so that there is a specific . translation data cleaning shared task Summary: Translation Memory (TM) Expectation management has been a bane to the existing hype around MT systems stealing jobs from human translators since the 1950s. While the NLP/MT technology is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, languages and translations will always contain nuances that even humans find hard to grasp. As we advance the state of machine translation, translation memory has its place in todays’ translation tech stack that benefits MT users and human translators. Even if tech giants don’t explicitly tell you humans creating data are the key ingredients that make MT possible, they definitely do hire lots of translators indirectly through buying language data brokers.

TMNT: Translation Memory and Neural Translation

Why the traditional workday didn't work for me In the book Micheal Breus talks about how most of us fit into a chronotype, which determines how our biological cycles are dictated. There are four chronotypes: 'Power of when' Dolphin Lion Bear Wolf Each chronotype is unique in how their energy levels fluctuate throughout the day. For example, Lions are early risers and can get a lot done before breakfast; Bears are most productive mid-morning and early afternoon; Wolfs are nocturnal workers; Dolphins are evening workers. The most common chronotype is the Bear, and so am I. Given that statistic, you can see how many social customs and rituals are designed to suit the Bear chronotype. Such as drinking and socializing around 6 PM. But unfortunately, the typical workday is not. Most meetings are scheduled mid-morning, which is the most productive time for Bears, effectively reducing peak performance time by half. For more info on this, you can read this wonderful by . article Bert Baker How working in a different timezone changed that So I am 5 and a half hours behind most of my coworkers, which means when I am sitting to work in the morning, most of them are probably sound asleep. This comes with a few advantages: This means I get more work done in the morning as I focus without distractions and enter a deep state of work. As a bonus, weekly standups, check-ins, and other meetings are typically scheduled for my late afternoon (mid-morning for my co-workers), which is the most social time for Bears. How to do it right Although I mentioned all the good stuff above, I also know that it took me a little while to get to this stage of productivity, so here are a few tips to help you be more productive while working remotely: Clarify the overlap Whether it's your bosses or your co-workers, let them know what your working hours are. Let them know how long you will be available and schedule meetings within that time. Don't forget when your workday begins and ends Many people look to social cues to begin certain activities. Most people will wake up when others are waking up, eat when others are eating, and by the same logic, work while others are working. So make sure to have an internal clock of when your workday begins and ends. Make the overlap count Given that your coworkers might have less time to communicate with you, make it count. Schedule meetings within that interval, prioritize the right meetings, and ensure that your absence is not a blocker for your coworkers' productivity. Pro tip: You can add a second timezone to your (under Settings → General → Time zone) Google Calendar Also published on . https://suryarajendhran.com/working-in-a-different-timezone-can-be-awesome

Remote Work, Different Timezones, and Bear Chronotypes

In an exclusive story reported about a month ago and on no other mainstream media outlet, credentials of some Premium accounts were found floating on the web. These user accounts belong to the popular video-on-demand streaming service, . on my blog 1,023 ZEE5 The origins of the incident date back to April 12th 2020, when a new titled, “Zee5 Premium” ( ) emerged on revealing email addresses and of some Premium users The discovery was brought to light by notifications having been sent out by the data breach monitoring service, , which had likely detected the newly published automatically and messaged its subscribers (and its subscribers). data set archived here Pastebin full plaintext passwords . HaveIBeenPwned paste , only Naturally, surprised to see this on HaveIBeenPwned with no public report by any news outlet, and a total lack of correspondence from ZEE5, I reached out to ZEE5's support staff on April 15th, to request them to pass these findings on to the appropriate teams so they could investigate. They were quick to respond to the support request, even during the COVID-crisis times (which is respectable), and acknowledged they had passed the findings to the "the relevant team for their review." They further added, "[We] appreciate your time & patience in the interim. We'll update you once we hear from them." To this date, however, there's no record of an email having been sent out to impacted ZEE5 customers, advising them to change their passwords, or a public statement acknowledging the data incident. Not to forget, if this was a case of data breach ( ), ZEE5's negligence in storing , without use of any hashing or salting is problematic, we don't know yet passwords in plaintext if this is indeed what happened. It is not exactly known if this was a leak, a breach, or a classic case of credential stuffing... ...that is, the party behind the set had corroborated an set of creds. from elsewhere against ZEE5's servers in an automated fashion, and published the ones that worked. This is plausible. already-compromised But semantics don't change the importance, or seriousness of these findings. At the very least, ZEE5 could have automatically reset passwords of the impacted accounts. Moreover, the content of the is rather interesting in how it reveals the origins of the user's premium plan (e.g. promotional offers), the expiration date of the plan, along with the auto-renewal setting; almost as if it's been pulled from an API, post successful authentication. paste Their authentication REST API endpoint is rather dumb simple: https: //userapi.zee5.com/v1/user/loginemail?email=FAKE@example.com&password=testttt A failed authentication attempt returns the JSON message: { : , : } "code" 2120 "message" "The email address and password combination was wrong during login." Whereas, a successful login returns a beautiful token eventually granting access to the user's account: { : } "token" "eyJhbGc....8IND4sZBNpMLMQ" In times, where , there does not appear to be a hard limit on the number of requests that can be made to ZEE5's API, or any additional captcha-style security roadblocks to prevent automated login attempts. APIs are increasingly falling prey to credential stuffing The multi-language video streaming company claims to serve , according to some sources The company delivers video content over multiple platforms — the web, smart TVs, mobile apps, etc. One would assume an operation of this scale would take security incidents seriously. over 190 countries, with a member base exceeding a whopping 150 million . ZEE5 falls under the corporate umbrella of massive , the powerful conglomerate behind numerous Indian television, entertainment and news channels, and with significant ownership in . Essel Group Dish TV That does not exempt Essel or ZEE5 from the corporate responsibility of ethically catering to its customers. My motivation behind writing this piece stems from an ethical standpoint. I believe ZEE5 users impacted by the breach be informed that their credentials were compromised at some point, and that they should change their password - not only on ZEE5, but anywhere else they've used it. And this is something the company has not done yet, which puts both their customers and reputation at risk. must How to protect yourself? First things first, change your ZEE5 password immediately, whether your email address appears on or not. You may head straight to to see if you’re impacted by this incident, should the list be no longer available. the list HaveIBeenPwned If this was a case of data breach and not credential stuffing, there remains a small possibility that ZEE5 is inadvertently continuing to store even newly set passwords in plaintext. My advice in such a case is to set a strong but new password and not use it on any other site. Also, remove any overly personal information from your account — and if at all possible, request your account to be deleted permanently. disposable Remember, also, to change your password on any other website where you’ve used the same email address and password combination, as for your ZEE5 account. © 2020. ( ). All Rights Reserved. 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