GRIT.STDO

gritstdo

Generative AI is all but set to become the technological breakthrough of the year, with platforms like ChatGPT generating frenzied international interest and an ever-growing series of use cases. Even though the furore surrounding continuing to build, is now the time for investors to buy into generative AI? Or as a bubble beginning to form around the industry? artificial intelligence Make no mistake, institutional investors are already falling head over heels for generative AI. “Technology is an industry that is driven by innovation. We had the internet in the 1990s, cloud computing in the 2000s, mobile in 2010. The 2020s are the decade of generative AI,” , BlackRock Fundamental Equities Portfolio Manager. “This is the ‘what’s next’ that we’ve been waiting for.” said Reid Menge According to a recent , VCs have continually bought into generative AI positions, growing from $408 million invested in 2018 to $4.5 billion in 2022. Furthermore, angel and seed deals have grown to 107 deals worth $358.3 million in 2022, up from the 41 and $102.8 raised in 2018. PitchBook report But what actually is generative AI? And why does it represent such a big opportunity for institutional investors? Defining Generative AI refers to a and machine learning technology that can produce, or generate, various forms of content like text, images, audio, and synthetic data all from the prompt of a user. Generative AI form of artificial intelligence In recent months, the topic of generative AI has exploded thanks to the introduction of simple user interfaces that have paved the way for the generation of high quality images, text, and videos in a matter of seconds. Although we’ve already become accustomed to using generative AI in more rudimentary forms through online chatbots, recent developments have seen platforms generate photorealistic images that have the power to fool even the most eagle-eyed of onlooker, like when AI tool Midjourney fooled the internet with an image of Pope Francis in a . large white puffer jacket While this has raised concerns about the speed in which artificial intelligence is developing, it’s clear that AI has the potential to be one of the most disruptive technologies ever harnessed across industries–causing much excitement and FOMO around Wall Street and beyond. Where to Find Value Generative AI Investments While ChatGPT is the incarnation of generative AI that has made the technology increasingly commonplace today, its parent company, OpenAI is yet to go public. However, there are plenty of other investments that have major stakes in the world of artificial intelligence. One company that’s set to directly benefit from the fortunes of OpenAI is Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT), which initially invested in the startup in 2019 in a deal worth $1 billion. Today, Microsoft’s cumulative investment in OpenAI , which has invariably helped the firm’s stock to rise in association with the generative AI leader. stands at around $13 billion Although we can see that Microsoft’s stock suffered heavy losses amid the tech stock sell-offs of 2022, the company has staged a rowsing recovery in Q1 2023, growing nearly 25% since the beginning of the year. Another stock that’s set to perform well alongside the emergence of generative AI is NVIDIA (NASDAQ: NVDA). The scale of NVIDIA’s growth is nothing short of astonishing in 2023. The chipmaker has found itself at the forefront of AI and the early development of the metaverse, causing an influx of widespread investment. The sheer volume of computer chips to support artificial intelligence, edge computing, data centers, self-driving cars, robotics, smartphones, drones, and other emerging technologies means that NVIDIA has the enviable in an industry that’s in very high demand. position as a market leader In 2023 so far, NVIDIA has rallied nearly 90%, and has grown more than 380% over the course of five years. Although there may be more future competition among startups like firms like Advanced Micro Devices (NASDAQ: AMD), and startups like Cerebras, Sambanova, and Graphcore to come, NVIDIA stands as one of the strongest players in the burgeoning AI landscape today. Caution is Still Recommended Naturally, as the technology that’s firmly entered the limelight in 2023, generative AI is likely to experience massive demand from investors that could lead to a bubble forming around the industry amid unsustainable growth akin to the 2021 post-pandemic tech stock recovery. “Generative AI remains early in its commercial journey and, as excitement grows about its potential impact, there are signs that valuations are outpacing the technology, which risks making investment less attractive,” , investment director at Northern Gritstone. warned Gareth Llewellyn “Due to the costs of building core platforms, the greater opportunity for venture capital is in backing ‘problem solvers’ with clear use cases. As a purpose-driven investor, we are most excited by companies focused on ESG challenges, such as drug discovery or advanced materials, where generative AI can bring huge societal benefits, as long as it is used in an energy-efficient manner.” There’s also the matter of the economic uncertainty and high global inflation rates that have helped to hinder the performance of tech stocks throughout 2022 that continues to refuse to budge. While some nations may spend much of 2023 facing a recession, Maxim Manturov, head of investment advice at , suggests that wider economic downturns may provide a credible opportunity to take on long-term positions in viable tech firms. Freedom Finance Europe “Although technology stocks have been hit hard in the market, the recession could open up opportunities for growth. In particular, software, AI and cybersecurity are expected to thrive once interest rate hikes have stopped,” explained Manturov. “Moreover many large technology companies have very strong fundamentals, balance sheets and liquidity and such strengths will help them to overcome a possible recession and, as the peak of uncertainty passes, open long-term opportunities for investors to buy quality assets at attractive prices and valuations.” Embracing Generative AI Stocks While much tech market volatility remains, generative can be an excellent addition to portfolios for investors who believe in the long-term viability of artificial intelligence. AI stocks Although the industry is very much in its infancy, it’s clear that the potential use cases for the technology are immeasurable, and backed by a sufficient data infrastructure, we’re likely to see AI disrupt many industries in the coming years. For investors, it’s certainly worth remaining cautious given uncertainties surrounding global economic concerns and the difficult regulatory landscape surrounding AI, but adding artificial intelligence as part of a diversified portfolio may prove to be a shrewd move for investors.

Is it Time for Investors to Add Generative AI Stocks to their Portfolios?

বিনিয়োগকারীদের জন্য কি তাদের পোর্টফোলিওতে জেনারেটিভ এআই স্টক যুক্ত করার সময় এসেছে?

Ist es für Anleger an der Zeit, generative KI-Aktien in ihre Portfolios aufzunehmen?

¿Es hora de que los inversores agreguen acciones generativas de inteligencia artificial a sus carteras?

Est-il temps pour les investisseurs d'ajouter des actions d'IA générative à leurs portefeuilles ?

क्या निवेशकों के लिए अपने पोर्टफोलियो में जनरेटिव एआई स्टॉक्स जोड़ने का समय आ गया है?

投資家がジェネレーティブ AI 株をポートフォリオに追加する時が来ましたか?

이제 투자자들이 포트폴리오에 생성적 AI 주식을 추가해야 할 때입니까?

É hora de os investidores adicionarem ações de IA generativas aos seus portfólios?

Yatırımcıların Portföylerine Üretken Yapay Zeka Hisse Senetlerini Ekleme Zamanı Geldi mi?

Đã đến lúc các nhà đầu tư thêm cổ phiếu AI sáng tạo vào danh mục đầu tư của họ?

投资者是时候将生成人工智能股票添加到他们的投资组合中了吗？

Crypto Crash? Not Really... 

File uploads are a common feature in many web applications, but handling them efficiently and securely can be challenging. In this article, we will explore how to implement efficient file uploads using Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB. We will cover the entire process, from setting up the server to storing files in MongoDB GridFS, ensuring that your application can handle large files without sacrificing performance. Problem Statement Handling file uploads efficiently involves several challenges: Scalability: Managing large files without overwhelming server memory.
Security: Preventing unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity.
Performance: Uploading and retrieving files quickly.
Storage Management: Efficiently storing and retrieving files from the database. Solution We will use the following stack to address these challenges: Node.js: For the server-side environment.
Express.js: As the web framework.
Multer: Middleware for handling multipart/form-data, which is used for uploading files.
MongoDB: For storing metadata and files.
GridFS: A specification for storing and retrieving large files in MongoDB. Step-by-Step Implementation 1. Setting Up the Project First, let’s create a new Node.js project and install the necessary dependencies. mkdir file-upload-app
cd file-upload-app
npm init -y
npm install express multer mongoose gridfs-stream 2. Creating the Server Next, we will set up a basic Express server. // server.js
const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const multer = require('multer');
const { GridFsStorage } = require('multer-gridfs-storage');
const Grid = require('gridfs-stream');
const methodOverride = require('method-override');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const path = require('path');

const app = express();

// Middleware
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(methodOverride('_method'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

// Mongo URI
const mongoURI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/fileupload';

// Create mongo connection
const conn = mongoose.createConnection(mongoURI, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

// Init gfs
let gfs;
conn.once('open', () => {
  // Init stream
  gfs = Grid(conn.db, mongoose.mongo);
  gfs.collection('uploads');
});

// Create storage engine
const storage = new GridFsStorage({
  url: mongoURI,
  file: (req, file) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      crypto.randomBytes(16, (err, buf) => {
        if (err) {
          return reject(err);
        }
        const filename = buf.toString('hex') + path.extname(file.originalname);
        const fileInfo = {
          filename: filename,
          bucketName: 'uploads'
        };
        resolve(fileInfo);
      });
    });
  }
});
const upload = multer({ storage });

// @route POST /upload
// @desc  Uploads file to DB
app.post('/upload', upload.single('file'), (req, res) => {
  res.json({ file: req.file });
});

// @route GET /files
// @desc  Display all files in JSON
app.get('/files', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.find().toArray((err, files) => {
    // Check if files
    if (!files || files.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No files exist'
      });
    }

    // Files exist
    return res.json(files);
  });
});

// @route GET /files/:filename
// @desc  Display single file object
app.get('/files/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }
    return res.json(file);
  });
});

// @route GET /image/:filename
// @desc Display Image
app.get('/image/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }

    // Check if image
    if (file.contentType === 'image/jpeg' || file.contentType === 'image/png') {
      // Read output to browser
      const readstream = gfs.createReadStream(file.filename);
      readstream.pipe(res);
    } else {
      res.status(404).json({
        err: 'Not an image'
      });
    }
  });
});

// @route DELETE /files/:id
// @desc  Delete file
app.delete('/files/:id', (req, res) => {
  gfs.remove({ _id: req.params.id, root: 'uploads' }, (err, gridStore) => {
    if (err) {
      return res.status(404).json({ err: err });
    }
    res.redirect('/');
  });
});

const port = 5000;

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Server started on port ${port}`)); 3. Testing the Upload Feature We can test our implementation using tools like Postman. Upload a File: Use a POST request to http://localhost:5000/upload with form data containing the file.
Retrieve Files: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files to get the list of all files.
Retrieve a Single File: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files/:filename to get a specific file’s details.
Display Image: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/image/:filename to view the image in the browser.
Delete a File: Use a DELETE request to http://localhost:5000/files/:id to delete a file. Conclusion In this article, I demonstrated how to handle file uploads efficiently using Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB. By leveraging GridFS, we can store and manage large files seamlessly, ensuring scalability, security, and performance. This approach can be further customized and expanded based on specific application requirements, making it a versatile solution for file management in modern web applications. File uploads are a common feature in many web applications, but handling them efficiently and securely can be challenging. In this article, we will explore how to implement efficient file uploads using Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB. We will cover the entire process, from setting up the server to storing files in MongoDB GridFS, ensuring that your application can handle large files without sacrificing performance. Problem Statement Handling file uploads efficiently involves several challenges: Scalability: Managing large files without overwhelming server memory. Security: Preventing unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity. Performance: Uploading and retrieving files quickly. Storage Management: Efficiently storing and retrieving files from the database. Scalability : Managing large files without overwhelming server memory. Scalability Security : Preventing unauthorized access and ensuring data integrity. Security Performance : Uploading and retrieving files quickly. Performance Storage Management : Efficiently storing and retrieving files from the database. Storage Management Solution We will use the following stack to address these challenges: Node.js: For the server-side environment. Express.js: As the web framework. Multer: Middleware for handling multipart/form-data, which is used for uploading files. MongoDB: For storing metadata and files. GridFS: A specification for storing and retrieving large files in MongoDB. Node.js : For the server-side environment. Node.js Express.js : As the web framework. Express.js Multer : Middleware for handling multipart/form-data , which is used for uploading files. Multer multipart/form-data MongoDB : For storing metadata and files. MongoDB GridFS : A specification for storing and retrieving large files in MongoDB. GridFS Step-by-Step Implementation 1. Setting Up the Project First, let’s create a new Node.js project and install the necessary dependencies. mkdir file-upload-app
cd file-upload-app
npm init -y
npm install express multer mongoose gridfs-stream mkdir file-upload-app
cd file-upload-app
npm init -y
npm install express multer mongoose gridfs-stream 2. Creating the Server Next, we will set up a basic Express server. // server.js
const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const multer = require('multer');
const { GridFsStorage } = require('multer-gridfs-storage');
const Grid = require('gridfs-stream');
const methodOverride = require('method-override');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const path = require('path');

const app = express();

// Middleware
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(methodOverride('_method'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

// Mongo URI
const mongoURI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/fileupload';

// Create mongo connection
const conn = mongoose.createConnection(mongoURI, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

// Init gfs
let gfs;
conn.once('open', () => {
  // Init stream
  gfs = Grid(conn.db, mongoose.mongo);
  gfs.collection('uploads');
});

// Create storage engine
const storage = new GridFsStorage({
  url: mongoURI,
  file: (req, file) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      crypto.randomBytes(16, (err, buf) => {
        if (err) {
          return reject(err);
        }
        const filename = buf.toString('hex') + path.extname(file.originalname);
        const fileInfo = {
          filename: filename,
          bucketName: 'uploads'
        };
        resolve(fileInfo);
      });
    });
  }
});
const upload = multer({ storage });

// @route POST /upload
// @desc  Uploads file to DB
app.post('/upload', upload.single('file'), (req, res) => {
  res.json({ file: req.file });
});

// @route GET /files
// @desc  Display all files in JSON
app.get('/files', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.find().toArray((err, files) => {
    // Check if files
    if (!files || files.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No files exist'
      });
    }

    // Files exist
    return res.json(files);
  });
});

// @route GET /files/:filename
// @desc  Display single file object
app.get('/files/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }
    return res.json(file);
  });
});

// @route GET /image/:filename
// @desc Display Image
app.get('/image/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }

    // Check if image
    if (file.contentType === 'image/jpeg' || file.contentType === 'image/png') {
      // Read output to browser
      const readstream = gfs.createReadStream(file.filename);
      readstream.pipe(res);
    } else {
      res.status(404).json({
        err: 'Not an image'
      });
    }
  });
});

// @route DELETE /files/:id
// @desc  Delete file
app.delete('/files/:id', (req, res) => {
  gfs.remove({ _id: req.params.id, root: 'uploads' }, (err, gridStore) => {
    if (err) {
      return res.status(404).json({ err: err });
    }
    res.redirect('/');
  });
});

const port = 5000;

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Server started on port ${port}`)); // server.js
const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const multer = require('multer');
const { GridFsStorage } = require('multer-gridfs-storage');
const Grid = require('gridfs-stream');
const methodOverride = require('method-override');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const path = require('path');

const app = express();

// Middleware
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(methodOverride('_method'));
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');

// Mongo URI
const mongoURI = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/fileupload';

// Create mongo connection
const conn = mongoose.createConnection(mongoURI, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

// Init gfs
let gfs;
conn.once('open', () => {
  // Init stream
  gfs = Grid(conn.db, mongoose.mongo);
  gfs.collection('uploads');
});

// Create storage engine
const storage = new GridFsStorage({
  url: mongoURI,
  file: (req, file) => {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      crypto.randomBytes(16, (err, buf) => {
        if (err) {
          return reject(err);
        }
        const filename = buf.toString('hex') + path.extname(file.originalname);
        const fileInfo = {
          filename: filename,
          bucketName: 'uploads'
        };
        resolve(fileInfo);
      });
    });
  }
});
const upload = multer({ storage });

// @route POST /upload
// @desc  Uploads file to DB
app.post('/upload', upload.single('file'), (req, res) => {
  res.json({ file: req.file });
});

// @route GET /files
// @desc  Display all files in JSON
app.get('/files', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.find().toArray((err, files) => {
    // Check if files
    if (!files || files.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No files exist'
      });
    }

    // Files exist
    return res.json(files);
  });
});

// @route GET /files/:filename
// @desc  Display single file object
app.get('/files/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }
    return res.json(file);
  });
});

// @route GET /image/:filename
// @desc Display Image
app.get('/image/:filename', (req, res) => {
  gfs.files.findOne({ filename: req.params.filename }, (err, file) => {
    if (!file || file.length === 0) {
      return res.status(404).json({
        err: 'No file exists'
      });
    }

    // Check if image
    if (file.contentType === 'image/jpeg' || file.contentType === 'image/png') {
      // Read output to browser
      const readstream = gfs.createReadStream(file.filename);
      readstream.pipe(res);
    } else {
      res.status(404).json({
        err: 'Not an image'
      });
    }
  });
});

// @route DELETE /files/:id
// @desc  Delete file
app.delete('/files/:id', (req, res) => {
  gfs.remove({ _id: req.params.id, root: 'uploads' }, (err, gridStore) => {
    if (err) {
      return res.status(404).json({ err: err });
    }
    res.redirect('/');
  });
});

const port = 5000;

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Server started on port ${port}`)); 3. Testing the Upload Feature We can test our implementation using tools like Postman. Upload a File: Use a POST request to http://localhost:5000/upload with form data containing the file. Retrieve Files: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files to get the list of all files. Retrieve a Single File: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files/:filename to get a specific file’s details. Display Image: Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/image/:filename to view the image in the browser. Delete a File: Use a DELETE request to http://localhost:5000/files/:id to delete a file. Upload a File : Use a POST request to http://localhost:5000/upload with form data containing the file. Upload a File http://localhost:5000/upload Retrieve Files : Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files to get the list of all files. Retrieve Files http://localhost:5000/files Retrieve a Single File : Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/files/:filename to get a specific file’s details. Retrieve a Single File http://localhost:5000/files/:filename Display Image : Use a GET request to http://localhost:5000/image/:filename to view the image in the browser. Display Image http://localhost:5000/image/:filename Delete a File : Use a DELETE request to http://localhost:5000/files/:id to delete a file. Delete a File http://localhost:5000/files/:id Conclusion In this article, I demonstrated how to handle file uploads efficiently using Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB. By leveraging GridFS, we can store and manage large files seamlessly, ensuring scalability, security, and performance. This approach can be further customized and expanded based on specific application requirements, making it a versatile solution for file management in modern web applications.

Efficient File Uploads in Node.js: Using Express, MongoDB, and GridFS for Scalable Storage

Everything You Need to Know About Testcontainers-Based Load Testing Bench

টেস্ট কনটেইনার-ভিত্তিক লোড টেস্টিং বেঞ্চ সম্পর্কে আপনার যা কিছু জানা দরকার

Alles, was Sie über den Lasttest-Bench auf Basis von Testcontainern wissen müssen

Todo lo que necesita saber sobre el banco de pruebas de carga basado en contenedores de prueba

Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur le banc de test de charge basé sur des conteneurs de test

टेस्टकंटेनर-आधारित लोड परीक्षण बेंच के बारे में आपको जो कुछ भी जानना चाहिए

テストコンテナベースの負荷テストベンチについて知っておくべきことすべて

테스트 컨테이너 기반 부하 테스트 벤치에 대해 알아야 할 모든 것

Tudo o que você precisa saber sobre o banco de testes de carga baseado em Testcontainers

Все, что вам нужно знать о стенде нагрузочного тестирования на основе тест-контейнеров

Test Konteyner Tabanlı Yük Test Cihazı Hakkında Bilmeniz Gereken Her Şey

Mọi điều bạn cần biết về Bàn thử nghiệm tải dựa trên Testcontainers

您需要了解的有关基于 Testcontainers 的负载测试平台的一切

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Amit Kumar Chatterjee, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University & Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira; (2) Satoshi Takada, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering and Institute of Engineering; (3) Hisao Hayakawa, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University. Table of Links Introduction Model and Protocol Different Regimes in d˜− Γ˜ Plain and Multiple QMPE QMPE in Region (d): Second-order Ep QMPE in Region (a1): Oscillations Summary Appendix A: Eigenvectors of L in region (d) Appendix B: Eigenvectors of L in region (a1) Appendix C: QMPE in region (b): purely exponential relaxation Appendix D: QMPE in region (e): 3rd order EP References References [1] N. C. Keim, J. D. Paulsen, Z. Zeravcic, S. Sastry and S. R. Nagel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 035002 (2019).. [2] J. Gill, Solid State Commun. 39, 1203 (1981). [3] R. M. Fleming and L. F. Schneemeyer, Phys. Rev. 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Multiple Quantum Mpemba Effect: Exceptional Points and Oscillations: References

In this tutorial, we’re going to show you how to create a simple IoT Twitter bot in five simple steps using . However, before we do so, let’s explain what an IoT Twitter bot is and why someone would want to use it. PubNub Functions What Is an IoT Twitter Bot? A is essentially software that controls a Twitter account via the Twitter API. This can perform actions like tweeting, liking, retweeting, and many more. Twitter bot At PubNub, we have created a that automatically creates a Twitter bot for you in PubNub Functions. This means that all you have to do is include the PubNub SDK into your code and fire your Function to post whatever you want to any of your Twitter accounts. Twitter BLOCK Some common Twitter Bot examples vary from simple bots that tweet the weather or when a new deal at a store, to bots that artificially interact with real users. Why Are They Useful? All you need is the PubNub SDK to use our Twitter BLOCK. This means that you can start having your IoT devices and their data interact with the unique globalization that social media offers. By this, I’m indeed implying that there is a difference between globalizing your IoT data through Twitter than other social mediums: a difference that is advantageous in many situations. IoT Twitter Bot Example Use Case Consider a scenario where you installed an IoT device for your own ride-share business that published geo-locations every 10 minutes. Now, every one of your clients can monitor your car fleet’s traffic and availability by simply following your Twitter account. This reduces the friction involved in distributing the data, as your clients need only to press a follow button rather than install a front-end application. Additionally, Twitter is a service already populated with many active users, and so distributing your data there is much easier than forwarding people to your custom front-end. Both of these factors maximize your data’s audience and simplify digestion. Let’s Get Coding! Below is a tutorial explaining how to connect a temperature/humidity sensor (or any IoT sensor) and Raspberry Pi with a Twitter Bot in five steps. Here is this project’s GitHub link for instructional reference. What You’ll Need Raspberry Pi 3 3 Female-to-Female Jumper Wires Temperature Humidity Sensor Step 1: Configure Your Sensor To connect the sensor to the RPI, use the jumper wires to: Connect the sensor’s PIN 1 (Vd) to the RPI’s PIN 1 Connect the sensor’s PIN 2 (GND) to the RPI’s PIN 6 Connect the sensor’s PIN 4 (Data out) to the RPI’s GPIO4 pin 7 Step 2: Enable SSH The next step is to enable something called Secure Shell (SSH) on your RPI, which allows you to connect to your RPI’s terminal remotely from your computer. While this is not a necessary step, enabling SSH on your RPI is good practice for programming embedded systems, which you will see why in step five. To enable SSH on your RPI, follow the simple and quick instructions. Step 3: Install Your Sensor’s RPI’s Libraries The trick to programming embedded devices and sensors is not to. Instead, Google the specific device’s library. For this demo, I Googled the library for the AM2303 Sensor and found for the following instructions. this website Before you begin this step, make sure you have installed on your computer as well as the . Open up your terminal and enter the following. GitHub npm package manager npm install git In your project’s directory, clone and enter the sensor’s code repository. git clone cd Adafruit_Python_DHT https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT.git Install some Python dependencies. sudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev Now, install the sensor’s library. sudo python setup.py install This should compile the code for the library and install it on your device so any Python program can access the Adafruit_DHT python module. If you want to quickly test the sensor to see if the sensor works enter these commands: cd examples sudo ./AdafruitDHT.py 2302 4 You should see a reading similar to this: Step 4: PubNub This is where the magic begins! In order to have your sensor data publish data to a Twitter account, you’ll first have to sign up for a free PubNub account here. Next, , which allows you to access Twitter’s REST API through your own PubNub Function. follow this link to access the Twitter BLOCK Once you’ve created your Function, open up your Function and you should see something like this: Like the comments describe, you’re going to need to fill in the keys and values in the “My Secrets” section to connect the Function with your Twitter account. To get the keys and values, . go here and create a Twitter app For help on creating a Twitter app, NOTE: follow this article. In the “My Secrets” tab, enter in your keys like so, NOTE: Make sure that you press the play button in the top right of the Function editor when you’re done The last step of implementing PubNub with your sensor is to add the PubNub SDK into your device’s code to allow it to use the Twitter BLOCK. Currently, the example code we used in step 3 uses bash commands to get sensor data. To keep things quick and simple, we’re going to make a new file in the examples directory of our project and use the essential components of the example file to write barebones code for our Twitter Bot. In the new file, include PubNub’s SDK by adding this to the top of the top of your code import pubnubfrom pubnub.pnconfiguration import PNConfigurationfrom pubnub.pubnub import PubNub pnconfig = PNConfiguration() //your subscribe keypnconfig.subscribe_key = "sub-c-a667485c-757f-11e8-9f59-fec9626a7085" //your publish keypnconfig.publish_key = "pub-c-cb2e18e3-a8b0-486a-bf82-2d9e9f670b7e" pnconfig.ssl = False pubnub = PubNub(pnconfig) def publish_callback(result, status):pass # Handle PNPublishResult and PNStatus Looking back at the example code, we can see that we can simply set-up the sensor pins on the RPI by using these parameters: #22 represents the sensor we are using (Adafruit_DHT.DHT22)sensor = 22#4 represents the GPIO pin we are using on the RPIpin = 4 Then we can see that we need to include this line to actually take sensor readings. humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, pin) Lastly, we can save and format the data readings to a single “tweet” variable and then publish it to our Twitter BLOCK to post to Twitter. #Format for publishing a tweettweet = ('Temp={0:0.1f}* Humidity={1:0.1f}%'.format(temperature, humidity)) #publish to Twitter Blockpubnub.publish().channel('twitterinput').message(tweet).async(publish_callback) Step 5: Upload the Code Now you get to see why we set up our SSH earlier in step 2. First, create a GitHub repository to house your code. Then in your terminal enter in these commands to push the code to the repository. git initgit add .git commit -m "first commit"git remote add origin <your repository URL>git push -u origin master Then SSH into your RPI buy typing this into the terminal ssh pi@<YOUR RPI IP ADDRESS> You are now in the RPI’s terminal. The last step is to install the dependencies on the RPI and pull the code from the repository sudo apt-get install pythonsudo apt-get install gitsudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get install build-essential python-devgit clone <YOUR REPOSITORY URL> Now, whenever you want to edit your code or add updates, you can just push the code from your machine to your repository, SSH into your RPI, and then pull the code using: git pull Now just run your code and check your Twitter! Hopefully, this project has helped you understand the power and simplicity of PubNub Functions, especially when coupled with an IoT device. If you liked this article or are interested in exploring various other IoT projects, check out these articles below! IoT How to Publish and Subscribe without an SDK using PubNub’s REST API IoT and Blockchain Build A Cloud Server State Machine With PubNub Functions Originally published at www.pubnub.com.

Create an IoT Twitter Bot in 5 Easy Steps

How democratic governance, collective ownership, and circular token economics can be used to create decentralized food networks — a research proposal. Various forms of networks. Blockchains can facilitate in creating more peer-to-peer decentralized networks. Introduction It can be argued that the sustainable food transition towards decentralized and regional food economies is one of humanity’s most pressing challenges (Satterthaite et al., 2010). The current industrialized agrifood regime is arguably unsustainable (Johnson, 2015; Pollan, 2009; Satterthaite et al., 2010; Sedghi, 2013; van Staalduinen, 2014), especially when taking into account the estimated increasing global population and rapid urbanization by mid-century (Alexandratos & Bruinsma, 2012, UN DESA, 2014; UN DESA, 2015, Wagner, 2008). Hence, (De Schutter, 2010; Groesbeek, 2009; Kneasfey et al., 2013; McIntyre et al., 2009). Like the energy transition, in which energy production and consumption is being changed from a centralized production and distribution model to decentralized smart mini-grids, a similar trend is emerging in the agrifood industry. short food supply chains (SFSC) via decentralized food networks and regional food economies have been proposed as a possible solution for a sustainable agrifood industry (Keeley & Pikkel, 2013). The aim of this study is therefore to understand . By learning more about the combinational impact of these technological developments, this research project can generate valuable insights that contributes to achieving circular and decentralized food innovation in cooperative networks. Innovation can be defined as the novel combination of existing ideas, processes, services, and products three complementary and novel developments for circular food innovation: platform cooperatives, decentralized food networks, and blockchain-based information systems Cooperativism is about democratization of ownership, governance and value. Credit: https://open.coop Platform cooperativism The concept of has been proposed by Scholz (2014), as a reaction to the dependence of digital tools and platforms in modern society. This digital economy is mostly enabled by a range of platforms that are (Hill, 2016; Fonseca, 2016). The value that is generated through these fundamental digital environments flows towards a handful of firms and their shareholders, as well as governmental intelligence agencies, essentially exploiting the users that make the network possible. platform cooperativism Since the arrival of the smartphone in the late 2000s, many interactions in both a professional setting and in private life are facilitated by online platforms and apps. owned, governed, operated and regulated by profit-maximizing companies and data-collecting governments As a response to this form of digital capitalism, (Matias, 2015). Scholz (2016a) argues that “[platform cooperativism] is bringing together 135 of workers self-management with 170 years of the cooperative movement […] bring[ing] in the commence based peer production together with those into this digital economy”. platform cooperativism “is about cloning the technological heart of online platforms and puts it to work with a cooperative model, one that puts workers, owners, communities, and cities — in a kind of solidarity that leads to political power” Scholz proposes two main tenets within the platform cooperative paradigm: and In practise this refers to , communities and regional networks. As a result, the profits that are made in this decentralized economy flows back into the community and the platform users instead of to a handful companies in Silicon Valley. communal ownership democratic governance. creating and community wealth through a digital interface that is owned and self-governed by its users shared value (Rushkoff, 2016). “Platform cooperatives — as a direct affront to the platform monopolies characterizing digital industrialism — offer a means of both reclaiming the value we create and forging the solidarity we need to work toward our collective good. Instead of extracting value and delivering it up to distant shareholders, we harvest, circulate, and recycle the value again and again. And those are precisely the habits we must retrieve as we move ahead from an extractive and growth-based economy to one as regenerative and sustainable as we’re going to need to survive the great challenges of our time” A great book on Platform Cooperativism Blockchain technology and the digital commons The second innovation that plays an essential role in decentralized (food) networks is (Tapscott & Tapscott, 2016). Bollier (2016) argues that open platforms, which have become integrated in private and working life, should be changed into . The digital commons refers to the distribution and communal ownership of informational resources and technology (Stalder, 2010). blockchain technology, as it allows to over the internet transfer value to manage shared wealth digital commons (Bollier, 2016). “One instrument for converting open platforms into digital commons is the blockchain ledger. The blockchain ledger is significant because it can enable highly reliable, versatile forms of collective action on open networks. It does this by validating the authenticity of a digital object (for example, a bitcoin) without the need for a third-party guarantor such as a bank or government body” Collaborative is arguably an important contributor towards realizing sustainable and transparent food industries. IBM’s private blockchain solution, Hyperledger, is being implemented by Walmart to increase efficiency, traceability and food safety in their supply chain (Yiannas, 2017). Additionally, the EU is actively working towards an “Internet-of-Food”, in which Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies are leveraged to connect and digitize the complex food system (IoF2020, 2017). (Ambrosus, 2018; Branimir et al., 2017; Te-Food, 2017). blockchain-based data systems in the food supply chain By integrating the data streams of the dozens of network actors in the same supply chain, food commodities can become traceable, quality controlled, and more efficiently distributed, leading to a fairer, safer and more circular food economy Tokenization and circular token economics Moreover, the blockchain-based decentralized networks can be fueled by tokenization in . Tokenization can be defined as the representation of value in an digital asset, a token. In the words of Sneider (2017): . Kelly (2008) argues that the internet is designed to copy information. However, “when copies are super abundant, they become worthless. ” (Kelly, 2008). circular token economies “Digital tokens are designed to be scarce; they are not copied when traded […] they reward users for their involvement and enable them to trade that reward for a benefit” When copies are super abundant, stuff which can’t be copied becomes scarce and valuable Hence, . This approach also allows for recirculation of the represented value in the tokens, thus creating circular ​token ​economies. Connected to the quote of Rushkoff (2016) above, the concept of circular economics can be applied to sustainability, in which valuable ‘waste’ and resources are continuously flowing through the network of actors (Sneider, 2018). a limited supply of digital tokens which can be transferred but not copied due to the inner-working of blockchain technology, can lead to shared value creation and new circular economic models , by William Mougayar The Theory of a Blockchain Circular Economy Decentralized food economies The vision of sustainable nutrition, regional food economies and short supply chains may be realized via decentralized food networks. According to McNamara (2016), . Minimizing the gap between consumers and producers is a critical step towards an environmentally and economically sustainable food system”. decentralized food networks “would democratize the food industry by dispersing small food hubs across the globe, bringing food production to regional communities Decentralized networks, such as the open source movement, often rely on a . “We also see it in the open source software revolution where there is dozens, hundreds of programs that rely upon communities volunteering to create new and interesting code, often in collaboration with proprietary software companies. So it is not necessary an either or proposition, it can be quite ”. (Bollier, 2016, 12:13). combination of volunteers creating community wealth and business activities in markets synergistic in creating value; one working in the market and through a community Blockchain applications for agrifood Many projects are initiated to realize shorter food chains and peer-to-peer (P2P) economies, such as Delicia, an Estonian based blockchain start-up which aims to connect regional food producers, restaurants, supermarkets, and consumers in networks with the main goal to reduce food waste (2018). Other European start-ups like Ambrosus, OriginTrial, and Te-Food are creating the blockchain-enabled data infrastructure for traceability and food safety in the supply chain, and Dutch start-up Fructus aims to create a blockchain-based marketplace where farmers can directly interact with consumers (Fructus, 2018). Additionally, Backfeed and Odyssey are creating blockchain platforms as well as protocols for decentralized cooperation and decentralized sharing economies respectively, tools which can be leveraged to create open networks of food cooperatives. It can thus be argued that . various aspects of the agrifood sector are rapidly being digitized, contributing to decentralized food networks and short food supply chains Literature review The body of literature on platform cooperativism as well as blockchain-based food supply chains and decentralized food networks is still in an early stage. Goodman et al. (2012) state that the European Union is making policies for more decentralization in the agricultural industry, for instance in policymaking, multifunctionality and territoriality, arguing that (AFNs) are important for fairer, sustainable and resilient food systems. According to research by Sauvée (2012) on decentralized network governance, “operational decisions may be decentralized at different levels within the network, while control and incentive mechanisms rely upon totally decentralized means” (p. 11). Yet, centralized decision making over strategic assets is advised to main strategic coherence over time. Additionally, the research on traditional food cooperatives is plentiful (Knupfer, 2013; Yang & Woods, 2014), and the literature concerning platform cooperativism is emerging (Scholz & Schneider, 2016; Scholz, 2016b). However, . alternative food networks knowledge is lacking regarding the combination of circular economies, platform cooperativism, food cooperatives, and blockchain-based decentralized food networks Research aim and questions -such as its democratic governance structures, collective ownership and business models- as well as the formation of blockchain-based decentralized food networks for short supply chains. Possible research questions can now be formulated as follows: This research aims therefore to fill this knowledge gap by studying various approaches and dimensions within platform cooperatives for creating sustainable food economies with shared value Which types of traditional food cooperative models can be identified to form platform cooperatives in decentralized food networks? What is the role of blockchain technology in creating decentralized food networks? What is the role of self-organized digital commons in creating decentralized food networks? How can tokenization and circular token economics play a role in the network to create shared value? By conducting this research, a better academic understanding can be gained regarding the decentralization of the food economy in the coming decades. Additionally, due to an approach in this study, it is aimed to achieve societal and practical relevance by engaging various stakeholders in the existing regional food networks in the Utrecht area of the Netherlands via semi-interviews in which knowledge can be shared. . engaged scholarship The proposed research aims to contribute to valuable insights in the complementary fields of decentralized food networks, blockchain technology, and platform cooperativism to realize short food supply chains Do you like this article? Give me a clap, clap! :) About the author has been studying innovation and exponential technologies since the early 2010s. He is now focused on sustainable food, decentralized networks and blockchain technology. Menno van Ginkel — Have I forgotten trends, cool interesting start-ups, or developments? Or do you have identified flaws or bias in my story and reasoning? Please let me know, I’m open for discussion, feedback and critique. References Alexandratos, N. & Bruinsma, J. (2012). World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050. The 212 Revision. ESA Working Paper №12–03. Retrieved on the website of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations from 016/ap106e/ap106e.pdf http://www.fao.org/docrep/ Ambrosus. (2018). Ambrosus Whitepaper. Retrieved from https://ambrosus.com/assets/Ambrosus-White-Paper-V8-1.pdf Delicia. (2018). Whitepaper. Retrieved from https://delicia.io/delicia_wp.pdf De Schutter, O. (2010). [Report number A/HRC/16/49], presented at the 16th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Retrieved from Agroecology and the Right to Food http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/food/docs/A-HRC-16-49.pdf Fonseca, M. (2016, September 21). Why Platform Cooperatives Can Be The Answer To A Fairer Sharing Economy. Retrieved from management/why-platform-cooperatives-can-be-the-answer-to-a-fairer-sharing-economy/ https://www.intelligenthq.com/innovation- Fructus. (2018). Whitepaper. 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Retrieved from better-than-fre/ Kelly http://kk.org/thetechnium/ Kneasfey, M., Venn, L., Schmutz U., Balázs B., Trenchard L., Eyden-Wood T., Bos E., Sutton G., & Blackett, M. (2013). Short Food Supply Chains and Local Food Systems in the EU. A State of Play of their Socio-Economic Characteristics. JRC Scientific and Policy Reports. Report EUR 25911 EN. Knupfer, A. M. (2013). . Cornell University Press. Food Co-ops in America: Communities, Consumption, and Economic Democracy Matias, N. (2015, November 13). What is Platform Cooperativism and Why is it Important? Retrieved from https://civic.mit.edu/2015/11/13/what-is-platform-cooperativism- and-why-is-it-important/ McIntyre, B. D., Herren, H. R., Wakhungu, J. & Watson, R. T. (Eds.). (2009). Agriculture at a Crossroads. International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD). Synthesis Report. Retrieved from http://www.unep.org/dewa/agassessment/reports/IAASTD/EN/Agriculture%20at%20a%20Crossroads_Synthesis%20Report%20(English).pdf McNamara, B. (2016, July 11). Examining the Need for a Decentralized Food System [Blog post]. Retrieved from decentralized-food-system-fc06420ba9c7 https://medium.com/@CarFreeBrad/examining-the-need-for-a- Pollan, M. (2009). The Omnivore’s Dilemma: The Search for a Perfect Meal in a Fast-Food World. Retrieved from http://books.google.com. Rakic, B., Levak, T., Drev, Z., Savic, S. & Veljkovic, A. (2017). OriginTrail White Paper. First purpose built protocol for supply chains based on blockchain. Retrieved from OriginTrail-White-Paper.pdf https://origintrail.io/storage/documents/ Rushkoff, D. (2016). Renaissance now. In Scholz, T. & Schneider, N. (eds). . OR Books. Ours to Hack and to Own. The Rise of Platform Cooperativism, a New Vision for the Future of Work and a Fairer Internet Satterthaite, D., McGranahan, G. & Tacoli, C. 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Retrieved from https://youtu.be/SV0KXBxSoio

Leveraging blockchain technologies and platform cooperativism for decentralized food networks and…

This story is written in collaboration with the founders of GitStorage , manufacturers of on-premise source code security and collaboration devices. These are the days when many people have found out there is a lot of value in digital currencies. However, now that there have already been several meltdowns with coins getting stolen, users are being a lot more careful, storing their coins in digital wallets. Source code contains similar values, sometimes more. Software companies get acquired for jaw dropping deal prices; a big part of the value is their source code. Just as jaw dropping is the discrepancy between what people do to protect their cash, digital or old school, and what they do to protect their source code. Storing the code in the cloud is a convenient way to address the problem. But with the rash of security breaches seen lately with millions being compromised by the largest companies, everyone has at least a shred of reasonable doubt as to whether their intellectual property is really safe and secure. Large hosting sites that manage many repositories are especially a huge target for all sorts of hackers, private and institutional or even governmental. For many, keeping source code private is more of a side business than their primary goal after all. Hackers can think out of the box. Would they hire an attractive girl to have a young system administrator leak out a backup or two? Or would they try to exploit vulnerabilities? Maybe the hosting companies are using shared hardware, where CPU bugs can reveal information outside of the virtualization container? Or just send an old school spy into the company to get the job done. He would even get paid for it: it is so hard to find good system administrators these days. Who checks this? The FBI? The management? Everybody is very busy. Chances are we’ll never know. Setting up your own server is a solution but comes with its challenges. Installing and maintaining a server is not a trivial task anymore. Those who have tried it found it is easy to accidentally expose all your source code. Seemingly small glitches in the configuration may already make code accessible to the public without users even being aware of it. And while the LAN generally provides some sort of coziness, it can actually be as wild as the public internet. Every PC, every cell phone, every device may contain that free software that serves as an inroad into the local network, and serves as a hub for hackers taking a look around. The difference between stealing let’s say cash and source code is that you know when your cash is stolen; it’s gone. But when someone steals your source code, they usually don’t leave any traces behind; it’s still where you stored it. You might find out later though that your competitors know too much about your products, or that backdoors have been opened into your products. Finding statistics about how big the risk is has not really been documented, so it is very hard to say how many times code has been stolen. If you’ve ever wondered why your competition from a far away country releases features that you are still working on, or someone writes about a software bug that you were not even aware of, it is time to ask yourself if your code could have gotten into the wrong hands. If your competitors are super aggressive in sales, maybe they are super aggressive in collecting information too. It might even look like an ethical thing to do if they hire companies to get information, just like one might hire a private investigator to collect intelligence about your competitors. Let someone else do the dirty work. Who cares if they go a step too far. We will probably never know for sure if we were victims in such industry espionage. Maybe our competitors were just working harder. What we can do though is protect future projects by lowering the risk of getting hacked. This is why we started the project: Make sure whatever we do next will stay with us. Physically store and encrypt the data on one device where nothing else is running that could cause leaks, backup the data to the cloud encrypted, and only our own system administrator has server access. We know the people who we trust. gitstorage GitStorage introduction video Even if we use the device just for ourselves, the project is already a success. We are sure there are other companies out there that want to keep their code for themselves as well with a device like this. Thank you for reading this article. If you are interested in learning more about the product visit gitstorage.com . You can also chat with the development team by emailing to info@gitstorage.com or calling +1–617–399–8179.

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