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Stock Market Prediction - the Holy Grail of Time Series Data

Flow is a permissionless layer-1 blockchain built to support the high-scale use cases of games, virtual worlds, and the digital assets that power them. The blockchain was created by the team behind Cryptokitties, Dapper Labs, and NBA Top Shot. One core attribute that differentiates Flow from the other blockchains is its way of providing to objects within the blockchain. Fine-grained access is a new method of providing access to users that follows the principle of least privilege. This makes it highly secure and fault-resistant. Flow is one of the unique blockchains to have this, as it is built on the fundamentals of Capability-based security. fine-grained permissions But how does this help you as a developer? If you’re writing smart contracts, then you likely have to regularly define access to objects and functions within your contract. Understanding the different types of access better will help you to define access types in code more accurately. This will allow you to write highly secure and efficient smart contracts. Let’s dive in. Understanding fine-grained permissions As opposed to Role-based access control (RBAC), where permissions are defined loosely for every role and not specifically for every individual, fine-grained permissions allow developers to define permissions for objects at the lowest level. This allows permissions to be defined for every object. This also allows you to add new permissions types, such as time-expiry and geography-based permissions. Let’s understand the core principle behind fine-grained permissions. The principle of least privilege The concept of least privilege means that in a computing environment, any module (such as a process, a user, or a programmer) only has the necessary access that it needs to do its specific job. Any other unnecessary permissions for its specific job are either revoked or unavailable. For example, a programmer whose job is to create backups does not need to make user data updates, so it should only have read permissions on the database of users. This principle is the core principle behind fine-grained permissions. Capability-based Security A capability is an unforgeable token of authority. In capability-based authorization, your identity does not matter. If you’ve been sent an access token by the owner/admin that grants you the capability to access a resource and you can execute that capability, then you will have access. Hence, at runtime, the application does not check what your identity is but only that you can access the requested resource. Thus, fine-grained access can be implemented on the foundations of capability-based security. History of fine-grained access In the 1980s, operating systems would define permissions on objects as “read”, “write”, and “execute”. This was called Access Control Lists. In the 1990s, Role-based Access Control was introduced, which allowed you to create groups and assign users to groups. Then, the concepts of attribute-based access control and capability-based access control arrived, which brought fine-grained access into the picture. In the world of blockchains, however, fine-grained access is new and brought by Cadence, the language used to write Flow smart contracts. Fine-grained access in Cadence Cadence, the language used to write flow smart contracts, has built-in special keywords to allow for fine-grained permissions to resources. Below, we dive into the common keywords and the usage of these keywords to provide fine-grained access. The access keywords Flow defines certain keywords, known as access keywords, with different parameters to define the access privileges of a certain resource. Below are the four primary keywords: Pub or access(all) Using this keyword means the declaration is accessible in all scopes. However, this also means that the declaration is not updatable except when you’re updating the value at an index of an array. Pub or access(all) are the least restrictive types of access and should generally be avoided. Below is an example of using the pub keyword: pub contract Car {    pub let carBrand: String    pub let carNameByBrand: {String: String}    pub fun returnCarBrand(): String {        return self.carBrand    }}} Following the above code example, if there’s an object called CarObject of type Car, then the statement below invocation is valid. CarObject.carBrand //Equals the value of greeting in the object The values with access type pub are generally not updatable except when updating the value at a certain index of an array. CarObject.carNameByBrand = {} //Not ValidCarObject.carNameByBrand[“Porsche”] = “Carrera” //Valid access(self) access(self) means that the declaration is only visible in the current and inner scopes. For example, an access(self) field can only be accessed by the functions of the type it is a part of. When using access(self), it is common practice to define setters and getter methods to allow other objects and contracts to access this field. This keyword makes the usage very safe but also restrictive. Below is an example of using access(self): pub contract Car {    access(self) let carBrand: String    access(self) let carNameByBrand: {String: String}    pub fun returnCarBrand(): String {        return self.carBrand    }    pub fun returnCarName(_ brand: String): String? {        return self.carNameByBrand[brand]    }}} access(contract) access(contract) means that the declaration is only accessible in the scope of the contract that defines it. Hence, functions defined in other contracts under the same account or functions defined in contracts under other accounts will not be able to access it. This keyword is unique to Cadence and comes in handy when you have any contract-specific variables you don’t want to expose to other contracts. Below is an example of using the access(contract) keyword: pub contract CarContract {    pub struct Car {        access(contract) var carBrand: String    }    pub fun returnCarBrand(_brand: Car): String {        return Car.carBrand    }}} In the above example, if you have a method in a different contract that has an object of the Car struct, you cannot get the carBrand variable directly. However, you can call the returnCarBrand function to get the value of carBrand. access(account) This keyword means that the declaration is only accessible inside the entire account owned by the current smart contract. Hence, other contracts in the same account can access a variable freely. This type of access is very powerful, allowing you to keep a variable private to your account. You are also able to deploy a smart contract that needs to use the variable in the future, if needed. This way, several contracts in the same account can share information seamlessly with one another, promoting the modularity of code. Below is an example of how to use it: pub contract CarContract {    pub struct Car {        access(account) var carBrand: String    }    pub fun returnCarBrand(_brand: Car): String {        return Car.carBrand    }}} In the above example, if you have a method in a different contract that has an object of the Car struct, you can get the carBrand variable directly. Conclusion The concept of least privilege and capability-based security play a significant role in Flow's precise permissions. The access keywords provide clear definitions of variable and function access, as we have covered in this article. One of the most noteworthy features that fundamentally strengthens the security of the Flow blockchain is its fine-grained access control. Blockchain technology has long been plagued by bugs and hacks, most of which occur because of ill-conceived access controls. However, fine-grained access control provides developers with a remarkable opportunity to effortlessly and smoothly secure their smart contracts. Ultimately, this is what sets Flow apart in the world of blockchain. On the topic of fine-grained permissions, hopefully you found this in-depth exploration valuable and helpful. For more information, refer to the . Or explore the and get some hands-on experience! official documentation Flow Docs

Better Smart Contracts with Fine-Grained Permissions using Cadence

Beyond Login: Implement Fine-Grained Authorization With ZITADEL

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Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . OAK GRAINING IN OIL COLORS. here OAK GRAINING IN OIL COLORS. Condensed from the Building News. There is a charm and feeling about work executed by the hand, which gives it a value no mere machine work can possess. Machine work, from its very nature, necessitates a repetition of pattern, which cannot be avoided. Hand-work, on the contrary, can imitate every variety, and follow nature so closely that no two pieces need be alike. There is also in hand-work a wide scope for the inventive faculty and the exercise of good taste (both in form and color) and skillful workmanship. As a rule, strong contrasts between the ground and the graining color should be avoided. The figure and grain should of course be seen clearly, but only so clearly as to be distinct, without interfering with the general and uniform quietness of tone necessary to fulfil the conditions required by the laws of harmony and good taste. Violent contrasts and gaudy coloring are always vulgar, brilliancy and richness of color are not necessarily vulgar; it is the absence of the guiding power of knowledge and pure taste in their arrangement which degrades them to the rank of vulgarity. We have before spoken of the importance of good combing, and of the various kinds of combs used; we now proceed to describe how the work is done. The graining color is brushed over the work, in the ordinary manner, with a pound-brush, care being taken not to put too much color on, or else it is very liable to be dirty. A dry duster is now used to stipple with, which, if properly done, will distribute the color evenly; it is now ready for combing. In the real oak it will be found, as a rule, that the grain is invariably coarser on one side of the panel than on the other; this arises from the very nature of the growth of the tree; it is, therefore, well to imitate this pattern, and in order to do so we take first a medium or coarse cut gutta-percha comb, and draw it down one side of the panel; then use a finer one to complete it. This comb will leave the marks of the grain in clear unbroken lines from top to bottom of the panel. We now take a fine steel comb and go over the whole of the previous combing, moving it in a slanting or diagonal direction across the previous grain, or with a quick and short wavy motion or curl; both the former and the latter motion will break up the long lines, left by the gutta-percha comb, into short bits, which of course represent the pores or grains of the real wood. There are several other motions of the comb having the same end in view; and by using the gutta-percha or cork combs, in conjunction with the fine steel, an infinite variety of grain may be produced. Steel combs, with one or more folds of thin rag placed over the ends of the teeth are a style of comb which has nothing to recommend it. A natural variation in the grain may be produced by one comb alone, according to the manner in which it is held. For instance, if we take a coarse or broad-toothed gutta-percha comb, and commence at the top of a panel, with the comb, placed at its full width: if drawn down in this position it will leave a grain of the same width as the width of the teeth: but if we start with the full width, and gradually turn the comb or slightly incline it to one side—that is to say, on its edge, we thereby graduate the grain from coarse to fine at pleasure, and by holding the comb at a certain inclination we may actually make very fine the coarse comb. A very important point is the formation of the joints in the wood, as much of the effect of otherwise good work is lost in consequence of neglect in this respect. In looking at a real oak door, the joints of the stiles and rails are clearly and sharply defined, not by any defect of workmanship, but by the difference in the run of the grain, the stiles being perpendicular, and the rails horizontal. The rails being cut sharp off by the stiles, show a perfectly straight line. The light also acts differently upon the two, simply because the grain or fibre of the wood is exposed to its influence under different aspects. This also tends to produce a difference in the depth of the color of rails and stiles, and panels also. It will be evident that no imitations can be considered really good except they include these seemingly unimportant points. It is a common practice for grainers to imitate a broad piece of heart or sap of oak, upon the back rail of almost every door they do, and many of them are not even content with that, but daub the stiles over from top to bottom with it also. There is nothing so vulgar or in such bad taste. It should only be done upon those parts of the work on which it would appear on a real oak door, namely, on the edges of the doors and on mouldings. There is a vulgar pretentiousness about what we may call the sappy style of work which is very undesirable. The figures cross the grain more or less abruptly and of course are of different shapes, sizes, and forms, a knowledge of which can only be acquired by study of the real wood. The figure may be wiped out with a piece of soft rag, held tight over the thumb nail. This should have two or three folds over the nail, the superfluous rag being held by the other hand to prevent it hanging down and smearing the grain; and every time a figure is wiped, the rag should be moved slightly, so that the same part of the rag will not be used twice, thus insuring clean work. It will often happen that the thumb-nail will get broken, or is too weak to stand the work; in these cases, or, in fact, in any case, a good substitute or artificial thumb-nail may be made of gutta-percha, thus: A piece of thin sheet gutta-percha is put into warm water, and, while soft, is wrapped around the end of the thumb up to the first joint. It is then pressed with the hand, so as to fit and take the shape of the thumb and nail. This cannot be done at one heating, but will have to be put into the hot water again, and the end pinched and squeezed into form to the shape of the nail, and to fit easily upon the thumb. When this gets hard, it may be trimmed into perfect form with a penknife. This artificial nail will answer the purpose admirably if properly made; and even when the natural nail is good, the gutta-percha will serve to save it from injury. Good figuring may also be done by using the blank end of the steel comb with a rag folded over its edge. We have also used a piece of gutta-percha to take out the lights. This should be square-ended, about one inch wide, and three or four inches long, and will do successful work of a certain class, but not of the best. Many grainers use a piece of thin horn, in shape something like a spatula, about three or four inches long and three quarters of an inch wide, with rounded ends, and quite flexible. With this tool the figure is cut or scooped out—a sort of quick, side-long motion, very difficult to describe, and requiring a very considerable amount of practice before it can be worked with any success. There is, however, the same objection to this tool as may be urged against the gutta-percha for figuring, namely, that neither of them take the color clean away, but leave an accumulation of color on the edge of the figure, which is fatal to good work; and therefore we cannot honestly recommend the use of any method but the wiping out with the thumb-nail or its substitute. When the figure is wiped out it will require to be softened. By softening, we mean the imitation of those half shades seen upon and about the figures in the real wood. Between and around the lights or figure in oak, there is always a lighter tint of color; this is imitated by doubling a piece of rag into a small roll, and with the side of this the grain is partially wiped away, but not to the extent of taking off the whole of the grain. A recent but most admirable system of graining oak, by means of over-combing, is worked exactly the reverse of any of the foregoing methods; that is to say, the figure is first wiped out, and the combing or grain is done afterwards, when the graining color is dry, in this wise: The graining color is mixed somewhat thinner than for ordinary graining, and is brushed over the work sparingly, leaving it just sufficiently strong to show a clear distinction between the ground and the color. The light or figure is then softened by drawing the end of a flat hog-hair fitch, or a small thin mottler, across each figure, and slightly softening with the badger-hair softener. The figure is broken up a little with fine lines across it in parts, such as may be seen in the real wood; but previous to wiping out the figure, streaks of light should be wiped out and softened on one side of the panel or across the stiles, in imitation of the reflective lights seen in oak. The color should also be partially wiped off the rails or stiles at their junction; this tends to define the joint. The color is now let to dry hard, when it will be ready for over-combing—that is, combing or graining over the figure (hence its name), and this will have to be done somewhat differently to the ordinary combing. As thus: The color is rubbed in as before, and combed solely with the gutta-percha combs, but these are specially cut for the purpose; they are best about 2 in. wide. The first must be cut with teeth about three-sixteenths of an inch in width, the next one-eighth, and the third about one-sixteenth. The broad-toothed comb is first used, and must be drawn down the panel, with a wavy motion, in short or long curls; either will answer our purpose now. The next size of comb is then drawn straight down—the straighter the better. This has the effect of breaking the wavy combing into short and long straight bits, similar to the pores or grain of the real wood. Both the first and second combing may be varied by holding the comb in a slanting direction, and may be fine or coarse, according to the width of the combs used; now take a soft rag folded, and with this partially clear off the grain which runs over the figure, leaving only a sufficient quantity crossing the light or figure, to be just distinguished, exactly as it appears upon the figure in real oak. The grain is also wiped off in parts on the plain spaces between the figure, in order to break it up and take away any formality. If this method be well and probably done, a thoroughly deceptive imitation may be produced; and except this end be kept in view, no really good work will result. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

OAK GRAINING IN OIL COLORS

The Romance of Modern Mechanism by Archibald Williams is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CHAPTER XVI here THE HANDLING OF GRAIN THE ELEVATOR — THE SUCTION PNEUMATIC GRAIN-LIFTER — THE PNEUMATIC BLAST GRAIN-LIFTER — THE COMBINED SYSTEM THE ELEVATOR On or near the quays of our large seaports, London, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Hull, Leith, Dublin, may be seen huge buildings of severe and ugly outline, utterly devoid of any attempt at decoration. Yet we should view them with respect, for they are to the inhabitants of the British Isles what the inland granaries of Egypt were to the dwellers by the Nile in the time of Joseph. Could we strip off the roofs and walls of these structures, we should see vast bins full of wheat, or spacious floors deeply strewn with the material for countless loaves. The grain warehouses of Britain—the Americans would term them "elevators"—have a total capacity of 10,000,000 quarters. Multiply those figures by eight, and you have the number of bushels, each of which will yield the flour for about forty 2-lb. loaves. In these granaries is stored the grain which comes from abroad. With the opening up of new lands in North and South America, and the exploitation of the great wheat-growing steppes of Russia, English agriculture has declined, and we are content to import five-sixths of our breadstuffs, and an even larger proportion of grain foods for domestic animals. It arrives from the United States, India, Russia, Argentina, Canada, and Australia in vessels often built specially for grain transport; and as it cannot be immediately distributed, must be stored in bulk in properly designed buildings. These contain either many storeys, over which the grain is spread to get rid of superfluous moisture which might cause dangerous heating; or huge bins, or "silos," in which it can be kept from contact with the air. Experiments have proved that wheat is more successfully preserved if the air is excluded than if left in the open, provided that it is dry. The ancient Egyptians used brick granaries, filled from the top, and tapped at the bottom, in which, to judge by the account of a grievous famine given in the book of Genesis, their wheat was preserved for at least seven years. During last century the silo fell into disrepute; but now we have gone back to the Egyptian plan of closed bins, which are constructed of wood, brick, ferro-concrete, or iron, and are of square, hexagonal, or round section. They are set close together, many under one roof, to economise space; as many as 2,985,000 bushels being provided for in the largest English storehouse. Such vast quantities of grain require well-devised machinery for their transport from ship to bin or floor, weighing, clearing, and for their transference to barges, coasting vessels, or railway trucks. The Alexander Grain Warehouse of Liverpool may be taken as a typical example of a well-equipped silo granary. It measures 240 by 172 feet, and contains 250 hexagonal bins of brickwork, each 80 feet deep and 12 feet in diameter. The grain is lifted from barges by four elevators placed at intervals along the edge of the quay. The elevator is a wooden case, 40 or 50 feet high, in which an endless band furnished with buckets travels over two rollers placed at the top and bottom. These are let down into the hold and scoop up the grain at the rate of from 75 to 150 tons per hour, according to their size. As soon as a bucket reaches the top roller it empties its charge into a spout, which delivers the grain into a bin, whence it is lifted again 32 feet by a second elevator to a bin from which it flows by gravity to a weighing hopper beneath; and as soon as two tons has collected, the contents are emptied automatically into a distributing hopper. After all this, the grain still has a long journey before it; for it is now shot out on to an endless, flat conveyer belt moving at a rate of 9 to 10 feet per second. It is carried horizontally by this for some distance along the quay, and falls on to a second belt moving at right angles to the first, which whisks it off to the receiving elevators of the storehouse. Once more it is lifted, this time 132 feet, to the top floor of the building, and dropped on to a third belt, which runs over a movable throwing-off carriage. This can be placed at any point of the belt's travel, to transfer the grain to any of the spouts leading to the 250 bins. Here it rests for a time. When needed for the market it flows out at the bottom of a bin on to belts leading to delivery elevators, from which it may be either passed back to a storage bin after being well aired, or shot into wagons or vessels. From first to last a single grain may have to travel three miles between the ship and the truck without being touched once by a human hand. The vertical transport of grain is generally effected by an endless belt, to which buckets are attached at short intervals. The grain, fed to the buckets either by hand or by mechanical means, is scooped up, whirled aloft, and when it has passed the topmost point of its travel, and just as the bucket is commencing the descent, it flies by centrifugal force into a hopper which guides it to the travelling belt, as already described. Of late years, however, much attention has been paid to pneumatic methods of elevating, by which a cargo is transferred from ship to storehouse, or from ship to ship, through flexible tubes, the motive power being either the pressure of atmospheric air rushing in to fill a vacuum, or high-pressure air which blows the grain through the tube in much the same way as a steam injector forces water into a boiler. Sometimes both systems are used in combination. We will first consider these methods separately. THE SUCTION PNEUMATIC GRAIN-LIFTER is the invention of Mr. Fred E. Duckham, engineer of the Millwall Docks, London. The ships in which grain is brought to England often contain a "mixed" cargo as well; and that the unloading of this may proceed simultaneously with the moving of the wheat it is necessary to keep the hatches clear. As long as the grain is directly under a hatchway, a bucket elevator can reach it; but all that is not so conveniently situated must be brought within range of the buckets. This means a large bill for labour, even if machinery is employed to help the "trimming." Mr. Duckham therefore designed an elevator which could easily reach any corner of a ship's interior. The principal parts are a large cylindrical air-tight tank, an engine to exhaust air from the same, and long hoses, armoured inside with a steel lining, connected at one end to the tank, and furnished at the other with a nozzle. These hoses extend from the receiving tank to the grain, which, when the air has been exhausted to five or six pounds to the square inch, flies up the tubes into the tank. At the bottom of the tank are ingenious air-locks, to allow the grain to pass into a bin below without admitting air to spoil the vacuum. The locks are automatic, and as soon as a certain quantity of grain has collected, tip sideways, closing the port through which it flowed, and allowing it to drop through a hinged door. Two locks are attached together, the one discharging while the other is filling. An elevator of this kind will shift 150 tons or more an hour. Mr. Duckham claims for his invention that it has no limit in capacity. It is practically independent of everything but its own steam power; and the labour of one man suffices to keep its flexible suckers buried in grain. No corner is inaccessible to the nozzle. The pipes occupy only a very small part of the hatchway. They can be set to work immediately a vessel comes alongside. As many as a quarter of a million bushels are handled daily by one of these machines. The pneumatic elevator is often installed on a floating base, so that it may be moved about in a dock. THE PNEUMATIC BLAST GRAIN-LIFTER differs from the system just described in that the grain is through the pipes or hoses by air compressed to several pounds above atmospheric pressure. A small tube attached to the main hose conveys compressed air to the nozzle through which grain enters the tube. The nozzle consists of a short length of metal piping which is buried in the grain. One half of it is encased by a jacket into which the compressed air rushes. As the air escapes at high speed past the inner end of the piping into the main hose, it causes a vacuum in the piping and draws in grain, which is shot up the hose by the pressure behind it. As already remarked, the action of this pneumatic elevator is similar to that of a steam injector. driven THE COMBINED SYSTEM Under some conditions it is found convenient to employ both suction and blast in combination: suction to draw the grain from a vessel's hold into elevators, from which it is transferred to the warehouse by blast. Special boats are built for this work, the , which has on board suction plant for transferring grain from a ship to barges, and also blowing apparatus for elevating it into storehouses or into another ship. The has the hull and engines of an ordinary screw steamer, so that it can ply up and down the Shannon and partly unload a vessel to reduce its draught sufficiently to allow it to reach Limerick Docks. Floating elevators of this kind are able to handle upwards of 150 tons of grain per hour. e.g. Garryowen Garryowen About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Archibald Williams (2014). The Romance of Modern Mechanism. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46094/pg46094-images.html. This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

THE HANDLING OF GRAIN

The Holy Grail.

In today's fast-paced , organizations strive for solutions that streamline delivery, foster collaboration, and ensure reliable deployments. Continuous Delivery (CD) stands as DevOps' coveted gem, revolutionizing software development and deployment. By adopting CD, businesses achieve faster, high-quality releases, transforming their delivery practices. software development landscape Continuous Delivery & DevOps The continuous delivery market has experienced a significant Compound during the forecast period. According to a report, a notable 65% of managers, software developers, and executives state that their organizations have embraced continuous delivery practices. Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 19.75% Continuous Delivery transforms software releases by automating and streamlining the process. With incremental code changes, automated testing, and continuous integration, CD swiftly delivers reliable software to production, reducing development-to-deployment time. Organizations embracing CD experience various advantages. Constant release cycles accelerate time-to-market, satisfying customer needs faster. Automated testing enhances software quality and user satisfaction. CD enables agile development, allowing seamless adaptation to changing requirements. CD breaks down barriers between development and operations teams, fostering trust and cooperation. Automated and standardized deployments promote clear communication, reducing errors. Real-time feedback ensures smoother operations and swift issue resolution.\ Embracing CD propels businesses towards efficient and effective software delivery practices. With agility and reliability as cornerstones, organizations thrive in the dynamic software development world. The Role of DevOps in Continuous Delivery In the realm of software development, Continuous Delivery and DevOps are inseparable allies, like two peas in an innovative pod. embodies collaborative principles, uniting development and operations teams while dismantling traditional barriers. On the other hand, Continuous Delivery thrives on automating software delivery for frequent, reliable releases. DevOps Together, these practices create a formidable synergy. DevOps nurtures an environment where developers, testers, and operations harmonize effortlessly. This cooperative culture seamlessly integrates Continuous Delivery into the development pipeline. Automation, continuous improvement, and feedback loops are the bedrock of DevOps. By embracing these values, organizations can successfully implement . DevOps advocates for automated testing, deployment, and monitoring processes, forming the foundation of CD. Continuous Delivery In a DevOps mindset, teams collaboratively identify bottlenecks and inefficiencies, optimizing the delivery pipeline and accelerating time-to-market. Although challenges may arise—such as resistance to change, legacy systems, and cultural barriers—gradual, iterative adoption and fostering of a blame-free learning culture paves the way to successful CD implementation. Continuous Delivery in Infrastructure Maintenance Maintaining traditional infrastructure has always posed challenges, from manual configurations to slow and error-prone updates. However, there is a beacon of hope: Continuous Delivery (CD). This revolutionary approach is transforming infrastructure maintenance as we know it. CD's spellbinding effects go beyond speed; it streamlines updates, ensuring seamless flows from development to production. Rapid feature releases and bug fixes delight users with the latest improvements. But there's more! CD's enchantment enhances reliability, scalability, and performance. Automated tests conjure robustness, while frequent updates promote adaptability. As the system gracefully navigates changes, performance shines like a starry night. CD and IaC, a dynamic duo that revolutionizes infrastructure maintenance. Tools and Technologies for Continuous Delivery is the almighty catalyst propelling modern software development to new heights, ushering in faster and higher-quality software releases. To unlock CD's full potential, organizations must harness a diverse array of tools and technologies that streamline the delivery process. Continuous Delivery (CD) Here, we unveil some of the most popular CD tools and their extraordinary functionalities: A revered automation server empowering continuous integration and delivery. Jenkins orchestrates automated pipelines, triggering builds, tests, and deployments when fresh code changes grace the version control. : Jenkins A celestial cloud-based continuous integration service merging seamlessly with GitHub repositories. Travis CI wondrously automates building, testing, and deploying applications, supporting multiple programming languages and platforms. : Travis CI An enchanting integration within GitLab, offering a robust continuous integration and delivery platform. It empowers teams to create CI/CD pipelines using a simple YAML configuration file, automating the entire software delivery journey. : GitLab CI/CD In the mystical realm of DevOps, the selection and implementation of these ethereal CD tools hold the key to success. Here are some heavenly best practices to follow: Comprehend your team's unique needs and celestial goals when embracing CD. Evaluate CD tools based on factors like scalability, integration capabilities, and the support of a benevolent community. Define Your Requirements: Begin your celestial journey with a simple CD pipeline for a specific project and gradually expand its cosmic scope. Iteratively enhance and refine the pipeline based on celestial feedback and needs. Start Small and Iterate: Summon all celestial stakeholders, including developers, testers, and operations, in the tool selection process. Collaborative decision-making weaves stronger bonds and ensures celestial adoption and triumph. Foster Collaboration: Embrace tools that weave automation into the very fabric of the CD process. Automation repels errors and hastens the delivery cycle, propelling teams to unparalleled celestial efficiency. Automation is Key: Casting the most potent enchantments, CD intertwines gracefully with essential DevOps components, ensuring a harmonious and efficient software delivery process: Integrate your CD tool with version control systems like Git, summoning automatic triggers for new code changes. This cosmic bond fosters traceability and enables ethereal rollbacks if needed. Version Control: Implement automated testing in your CD pipeline to ensure celestial code quality and ward off defects from entering the realm of production. Leverage for web applications and JUnit for unit tests. Automated Testing: testing frameworks like Selenium Embrace celestial deployment automation, empowering the smooth transition of applications to various heavenly environments like staging and production. CD tools unfailingly deploy applications and configurations, minimizing human errors and downtime. Deployment Automation: Unlocking the full might of these celestial tools and practices bestows unparalleled power upon your team, allowing them to embrace Continuous Delivery wholeheartedly. With the celestial automation of the software delivery pipeline and integration with essential DevOps components, you can ascend to faster releases, superior software quality, and harmonious collaboration throughout your enchanted organization. Security and Continuous Delivery Incorporating Continuous Delivery (CD) mandates proactive security measures at each stage of the pipeline, encompassing various strategies: Thorough code evaluations emphasizing security best practices and uncovering potential vulnerabilities. Secure Code Reviews: Early identification and resolution of security flaws through automated testing in the CD pipeline. : Automated Security Testing Strict management of permissions to thwart unauthorized changes or deployments. Access Controls: Security integration into the CD process demands a holistic approach with key aspects: Utilizing Infrastructure as Code (IaC) for consistent and secure infrastructure management. Secure Configuration Management: Protecting containers and images against vulnerabilities and unauthorized access. Container Security: Safeguarding sensitive data with end-to-end encryption. Encryption: Authentication and Authorization: Implementing robust authentication mechanisms and role-based access control (RBAC). Continuous monitoring forms the bedrock of a secure CD pipeline: Employing monitoring tools to promptly identify and respond to potential threats. Real-time Threat Detection: Establishing a well-defined plan to handle security breaches effectively. Incident Response: User Behavior Analysis: Detecting anomalies in user activity to identify security breaches. Leveraging insights from security audits, penetration testing, and monitoring for continuous improvement. Feedback Loop: Conclusion CD drives revolutionary software development and infrastructure maintenance, promoting collaboration, efficiency, and reliability. Embrace CD for agile, high-quality products that shape the future of software development.

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Decentralized Finance (DeFi) yields have been on a free fall since the crypto market peaked in November 2021. But with the bull market hype cooling down, innovators in the DeFi space are pivoting to a new source of yield: Real World Assets (RWAs). This new crypto asset class is fast gaining popularity as the bridge between traditional finance and DeFi. Unlike most DeFi yield products that depended on transaction volume and market activity to generate high yields, RWAs are introducing DeFi products that are backed by real value in the form of traditional assets. They represent off-chain assets such as real estate, stocks, gold, credit and other types of traditional products on the blockchain (on-chain) through tokenisation. For context, tokenisation is the process of transforming ownerships and rights of real world assets into digitally recorded entries that can be accounted for. While this has always been the ultimate goal of DeFi, it is only recently that the bear market has forced stakeholders to make significant strides in integrating traditional assets with on-chain economies. Although debatable, RWAs are the most revolutionary DeFi products yet, and their potential impact on future markets could be transformative in the following ways: RWAs enable the division of ownership of traditionally large assets, such as real estate or fine art, into smaller portions that can be bought and sold by multiple investors. This increases accessibility to these assets, allowing a wider range of investors to participate in these markets. Fractionalisation of traditional asset ownership: RWAs allow for the transfer of ownership of traditional assets to be done digitally and across borders, providing greater to global markets. This means investors from different parts of the world can now invest in traditionally inaccessible markets. Bridging the access to global markets: access RWAs are able to provide a high level of transparency in transactions through blockchain technology, making it more difficult for fraudulent activities to take place. This also enhances security for investors as they can be assured that their investments are safe and secure. Improved transparency and security: With the use of smart contracts, RWAs can be managed automatically, reducing the need for intermediaries and increasing the speed and efficiency of transactions. Compliance requirements can also be programmed into smart contracts, ensuring that all legal and regulatory requirements are met. Automation of asset ownership: The Future of DeFi? Numbers never lie! As we in a previous article earlier this year, tokenization is one of the crypto themes to keep a close eye on in the coming months. Already, we are seeing some action with the rise of RWAs as an area of interest for both crypto natives and traditional institutions that have long opposed crypto innovations. highlighted But more importantly, predictions from well-established players such as Boston Consulting Group (BCG) that this burgeoning field could balloon into a $16 trillion industry by 2030. estimate It is also worth mentioning that decentralized cryptocurrency lending platforms such as MakerDAO are making efforts to incorporate traditional asset-backed financing. MakerDAO, which has a Total Value Locked (TVL) of $8.6 billion, recently five vaults that support traditional finance assets. Additionally, they also provided a $30 million loan denominated in DAI, using bond tokens as collateral, to a subsidiary of Société Générale bank. introduced While the tokenization of RWAs is just gaining momentum, there is still a lot of untapped potential in traditional markets such as real estate and non-financial corporate debt. In 2020, the former’s value was to be $327 trillion, while the latter’s has jumped significantly from $46.6 trillion in the second quarter of 2009 to $87.38 trillion in the second quarter of 2022. estimated valuation Both of these are potential markets that could set the stage for RWAs to be a game-changer in DeFi adoption. Another financial market niche that could potentially open up to a wider audience with tokenisation is the global private market. Already, there are some interesting developments with Fintech companies such as Finpeers (a Swiss-based company that leverages tokenisation to democratise the private financial market), emerging to serve the growing demand for tokenised private market assets. We spoke with the founder Sander Andersen who commented : $11.7 trillion “As regulatory frameworks evolve and technology advances, tokenization is set to disrupt traditional financial markets, particularly in the private market. Tokenization will shape a more inclusive and efficient financial future, redefining how we interact with and invest in assets.” - Sander Andersen, CEO and Founder, Finpeers. Although the market capitalization of RWAs is still a drop in the ocean compared to the trillions of U.S. dollars in traditional markets, a recent by Binance Research revealed that emerging DeFi protocols like Centrifuge, Goldfinch, and Maple are making significant strides in the development of RWA offerings. report Traditional Companies Quickly Jumping on Board As mentioned earlier, the tokenisation frenzy is also catching up with traditional companies, particularly those at the helm of the e-commerce, banking and tech industries. So far, Amazon is among the firms that has that it will soon roll out NFTs tied to real world assets such as a pair of jeans, allowing its customers to experience the best of both the virtual and real world. signalled Meanwhile, in the banking sector, Goldman Sachs has already a tokenization platform on the Canton blockchain. This global investment bank has slowly been embracing the digital asset industry. launched The firm’s Global Head of Digital Assets Mathew McDermott has previously stated that their goal is to “help their clients realise the benefits of end-to-end digital lifecycle processing across tokenized assets, digital currencies, and other financial instruments.” Finally, Siemens AG, the renowned German industrial giant, also made a significant move into the digital bond market with the of a 60 million euro bond on the Polygon blockchain. issuance This one-year bond was issued in compliance with Germany's Electronic Securities Act, which came into effect in June 2021. Also published here .

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