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Uncovering Gender Bias in Talent Shows: Insights from The Voice

Author:
(1) Katrin Fischer, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: katrinfi@usc.edu);
(2) Donggyu Kim, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: donggyuk@usc.edu);
(3) Joo-Wha Hong, Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: joowhaho@marshall.usc.edu). Table of Links Abstract Introduction & Related Work Method Analysis & Results Discussion & Conclusion References REFERENCES [1] M. Deutsch, The resolution of conflict: Constructive and destructive processes. Yale University Press, 1973. [2] J. Riegelsberger, M. A. Sasse, and J. D. McCarthy, “The researcher’s dilemma: Evaluating trust in computer-mediated communication,” International Journal of Human Computer Studies, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 759–781, 2003. [3] J. K. Rempel, J. G. Holmes, and M. P. Zanna, “Trust in close relationships,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 95–112, 1985. [4] J. D. Lee and K. A. See, “Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance,” Human Factors, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 50–80, 2004. [5] D. Ullman and B. F. Malle, “Measuring gains and losses in humanrobot trust: Evidence for differentiable components of trust,” in Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on HumanRobot Interaction, ser. HRI ’19. IEEE Press, 2019, pp. 618–619. [6] R. C. Mayer, J. H. Davis, and F. D. Schoorman, “An integrative model of organizational trust,” Academy of management review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 709–734, 1995. [7] W. Kim, N. Kim, J. B. Lyons, and C. S. Nam, “Factors affecting trust in high-vulnerability human-robot interaction contexts: A structural equation modelling approach,” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 85, may 2020. [8] C. M. Carpinella, A. B. Wyman, M. A. Perez, and S. J. Stroessner, “The robotic social attributes scale (RoSAS) development and validation,” in ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2017, pp. 254–262. [9] S. T. Fiske, A. J. Cuddy, and P. Glick, “Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 77–83, 2007. [10] A. J. Cuddy, S. T. Fiske, and P. Glick, “The BIAS Map: Behaviors From Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 631–648, 2007. [11] B. Reeves, J. Hancock, and X. Liu, “Social robots are like real people: First impressions, attributes, and stereotyping of social robots,” Technology, Mind, and Behavior, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020. [12] C. Nam and J. Lyons, Eds., Trust in human-robot interaction: Research and applications. Elsevier, 2020. [13] P. A. Hancock, D. R. Billings, K. E. Schaefer, J. Y. Chen, E. J. De Visser, and R. Parasuraman, “A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction,” Human Factors, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 517– 527, 2011. [14] S. Naneva, M. Sarda Gou, T. L. Webb, and T. J. Prescott, “A systematic review of attitudes, anxiety, acceptance, and trust towards social robots,” International Journal of Social Robotics, 2020. [15] M. Salem and K. Dautenhahn, “Evaluating trust and safety in HRI: Practical issues and ethical challenges,” Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction, 2015. [16] M. Salem, G. Lakatos, F. Amirabdollahian, and K. Dautenhahn, “Would you trust a (faulty) robot?: Effects of error, task type and personality on human-robot cooperation and trust,” in Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on HumanRobot Interaction. ACM, 2015, pp. 141–148. [17] F. D. Davis, “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology,” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–339, 1989. [18] V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view,” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 425– 478, 2003. [19] M. J. Mataric and B. Scassellati, “Socially assistive robotics,” in ´ Springer Handbook of Robotics, K. O. Siciliano B., Ed. Springer, 2016, pp. 1973–1994. [20] M. S. Fritz and D. P. MacKinnon, “Required sample size to detect the mediated effect,” Psychological Science, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–239, 2007. [21] A. J. Fairchild, D. P. MacKinnon, M. P. Taborga, and A. B. Taylor, “R2 effect-size measures for mediation analysis,” Behavior research methods, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 486–498, 2009. [22] D. L. Streiner, “Finding our way: An introduction to path analysis,” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 115–122, 2005. [23] A. F. Hayes, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, 3rd ed. The Guilford Press, 2022. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Author: (1) Katrin Fischer, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: katrinfi@usc.edu); (2) Donggyu Kim, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: donggyuk@usc.edu); (3) Joo-Wha Hong, Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: joowhaho@marshall.usc.edu). Author: Author: (1) Katrin Fischer, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: katrinfi@usc.edu); (2) Donggyu Kim, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: donggyuk@usc.edu); (3) Joo-Wha Hong, Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Email: joowhaho@marshall.usc.edu). Table of Links Abstract Introduction & Related Work Abstract Introduction & Related Work Method Method Analysis & Results Analysis & Results Discussion & Conclusion Discussion & Conclusion References References REFERENCES [1] M. Deutsch, The resolution of conflict: Constructive and destructive processes. Yale University Press, 1973. [2] J. Riegelsberger, M. A. Sasse, and J. D. McCarthy, “The researcher’s dilemma: Evaluating trust in computer-mediated communication,” International Journal of Human Computer Studies, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 759–781, 2003. [3] J. K. Rempel, J. G. Holmes, and M. P. Zanna, “Trust in close relationships,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 95–112, 1985. [4] J. D. Lee and K. A. See, “Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance,” Human Factors, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 50–80, 2004. [5] D. Ullman and B. F. Malle, “Measuring gains and losses in humanrobot trust: Evidence for differentiable components of trust,” in Proceedings of the 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on HumanRobot Interaction, ser. HRI ’19. IEEE Press, 2019, pp. 618–619. [6] R. C. Mayer, J. H. Davis, and F. D. Schoorman, “An integrative model of organizational trust,” Academy of management review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 709–734, 1995. [7] W. Kim, N. Kim, J. B. Lyons, and C. S. Nam, “Factors affecting trust in high-vulnerability human-robot interaction contexts: A structural equation modelling approach,” Applied Ergonomics, vol. 85, may 2020. [8] C. M. Carpinella, A. B. Wyman, M. A. Perez, and S. J. Stroessner, “The robotic social attributes scale (RoSAS) development and validation,” in ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2017, pp. 254–262. [9] S. T. Fiske, A. J. Cuddy, and P. Glick, “Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 77–83, 2007. [10] A. J. Cuddy, S. T. Fiske, and P. Glick, “The BIAS Map: Behaviors From Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 631–648, 2007. [11] B. Reeves, J. Hancock, and X. Liu, “Social robots are like real people: First impressions, attributes, and stereotyping of social robots,” Technology, Mind, and Behavior, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020. [12] C. Nam and J. Lyons, Eds., Trust in human-robot interaction: Research and applications. Elsevier, 2020. [13] P. A. Hancock, D. R. Billings, K. E. Schaefer, J. Y. Chen, E. J. De Visser, and R. Parasuraman, “A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction,” Human Factors, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 517– 527, 2011. [14] S. Naneva, M. Sarda Gou, T. L. Webb, and T. J. Prescott, “A systematic review of attitudes, anxiety, acceptance, and trust towards social robots,” International Journal of Social Robotics, 2020. [15] M. Salem and K. Dautenhahn, “Evaluating trust and safety in HRI: Practical issues and ethical challenges,” Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction, 2015. [16] M. Salem, G. Lakatos, F. Amirabdollahian, and K. Dautenhahn, “Would you trust a (faulty) robot?: Effects of error, task type and personality on human-robot cooperation and trust,” in Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on HumanRobot Interaction. ACM, 2015, pp. 141–148. [17] F. D. Davis, “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology,” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–339, 1989. [18] V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view,” MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 425– 478, 2003. [19] M. J. Mataric and B. Scassellati, “Socially assistive robotics,” in ´ Springer Handbook of Robotics, K. O. Siciliano B., Ed. Springer, 2016, pp. 1973–1994. [20] M. S. Fritz and D. P. MacKinnon, “Required sample size to detect the mediated effect,” Psychological Science, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–239, 2007. [21] A. J. Fairchild, D. P. MacKinnon, M. P. Taborga, and A. B. Taylor, “R2 effect-size measures for mediation analysis,” Behavior research methods, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 486–498, 2009. [22] D. L. Streiner, “Finding our way: An introduction to path analysis,” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 115–122, 2005. [23] A. F. Hayes, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, 3rd ed. The Guilford Press, 2022. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Trust and Acceptance of Social Robots: References

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Terence Blésin, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (2) Wil Kao, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (3) Anat Siddharth, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (4) Alaina Attanasio, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (5) Hao Tian, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (6) Sunil A. Bhave, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (7) Tobias J. Kippenberg, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL). Table of Links Introduction Results A. Physics and design B. Device characterization C. Bidirectional microwave-optical transduction D. Pulsed transduction Discussion Acknowledgments Appendix A: Theory Appendix B: Fabrication process flow Appendix C: Optical characterization Appendix D: Characterization of acoustic resonances Appendix E: Characterization of bidirectional transduction Appendix F: Optimization of optical extraction efficiency ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Amirali Arabmoheghi, Nils Johan Engelsen and Junyin Zhang for experimental assistance and fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA8655-20-1-7009, Swiss National Science Foundation under grant agreement no. 204927, and European Research Council (ERC) under the EU H2020 research and innovation programme, grant agreement no. 835329 (ExCOM-cCEO). This work was further supported by United States Air Force Research Laboratory Award no. FA8750-21-2-0500, as well as United States National Science Foundation’s International Collaboration Supplements in Quantum Information Science and Engineering Research for RAISE-TAQS Award no. 18-39164. A.S. acknowledges support from the European Space Technology Centre with ESA Contract No. 4000135357/21/NL/GLC/my. Samples were fabricated in the Center of MicroNanoTechnology (CMi) at EPFL and Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS T.B. designed the device. R.N.W, A.A. and H.T. fabricated the device. T.B., A.S. and W.K. conducted the experiments. T.B. and W.K. wrote the paper with input from all authors. T.J.K. and S.A.B. supervised the project. [1] K.-L. Lee, B. Sedighi, R. S. Tucker, H. Chow, and P. Vetter, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4, A59 (2012). [2] Q. Cheng, M. Bahadori, M. Glick, S. Rumley, and K. Bergman, Optica 5, 1354 (2018). [3] J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller, H. J. Kimble, and H. Mabuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3221 (1997). [4] L.-M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. 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Bidirectional Microwave-optical Transduction Based on Integration: Acknowledgments

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Berrenur Saylam; (2) Ozlem Durmaz ¨ ˙Incel. Table of Links Highlights Abstract & Introduction Federated Learning: Collaborative and Privacy-Preserving Model Training State of the Art Federated Learning Software Platforms and Testbeds Sensors and Edge-Sensing Devices Federated Learning Applications on Sensing Devices Discussion Conclusions, Acknowledgment, and References 7. Conclusion This paper has provided an overview of the current state-of-the-art FL methodologies applied to sensing devices, focusing on IoT sensors, mobile devices, and wearables. By examining the challenges and opportunities in applying FL to sensing tasks, the paper aims to inspire further research in this domain. The discussion section has raised several important points for consideration. It highlighted the need to address the asynchrony in FL, leverage unlabelled on-device data, explore FL applications in Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and affective computing, and adapt FL methodologies from simulation environments to real-world applications on sensing devices. Efficient wireless communication, resource efficiency, and personalization are crucial when applying FL methodologies to sensing devices. Future research should focus on developing wireless communication techniques that minimize data exchange, designing algorithms with resource constraints in mind, and enabling privacy-preserving personalization. By addressing these challenges, FL methodologies can be effectively applied in real-world sensing applications, considering sensing devices’ unique constraints and requirements. Moreover, the discussion emphasizes the need for studies that bridge the gap between simulation and real-world deployment, ensuring the practicality and effectiveness of FL methodologies in real-world sensing applications. By adapting FL methodologies to real-world settings, researchers can address additional challenges, such as communication constraints, privacy concerns, and device heterogeneity, and validate the performance of FL in diverse sensing domains. In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review for researchers and practitioners interested in applying FL methodologies to edge sensing devices to contribute to developing intelligent and efficient systems in diverse application domains by highlighting the specific challenges and opportunities associated with these devices. Acknowledgment T¨ubitak Bideb 2211-A academic reward is gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported by the Bo˘gazi¸ci University Research Fund, project number: 19301P. 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An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art Federated Learning Methodologies

Back in 2019, I made a plea: “ .” In some circles, at least, the argument quickly caught on. This is because, for startup companies, an exit through an acquisition or public offering is the goal that all else points toward. It is the payoff for founders, investors, and early employees. I contended that the roots of the exit as we know it are rotten. Exits turn companies into commodities, and exits often turn those companies against the people who rely on them most. We need a different kind of exit that is just and accountable, an exit to community. Startups Need a New Option: Exit to Community As the E2C meme first spread, I heard from founders and others looking to do a community exit themselves. But I didn’t have a model or a blueprint to offer—just a vision and a story that I hoped we could learn to tell together. To develop the idea, I teamed up with my longtime collaborator . Years before, we had tried to turn Twitter toward community ownership, with that appeared on the company’s 2017 ballot and . (If we had won, perhaps Twitter would still exist.) In early 2020, we started and joined with to run a for founders interested in the idea. We published and , and E2C was featured in . Danny also co-founded the , a group of journalists, marketers, stakeholder engagement specialists, and academics working to advance E2C in practice. In the years since, we have quietly supported and learned from a variety of experiments, helping entrepreneurs push the limits of what is possible. Memes, we believe, will only take us as far as they are backed up by the hard work of courageous pioneers. Danny Spitzberg a provocative shareholder proposal made news worldwide an E2C webinar series Zebras Unite cohort program a zine a trailer video a special on PBS Exit to Community Collective Our “snapshots” are brief, structured case studies that give a taste of the many diverse ways that startups have been trying to grow into community ownership and governance, albeit with mixed results. As a new year arrives, I am thrilled to announce the release of a new library of E2C stories that the E2C Collective has created at . E2C.how The snapshots range from my Colorado neighbors and , which converted to employee ownership, to major open-source software projects like and , which are mini-democracies accountable to their developers. There is , a Chinese electric car company whose founder set aside a chunk of stock for car-buyers, and , a co-op founded by employees who quit their previous job in protest. There are also blockchain-based efforts, like and , that have tried to make good on a new technology’s often-betrayed promises for making a more inclusive economy. Namaste Solar Trident bookstore Debian Python NIO Defector Media Gitcoin SongADAO I have taken two main lessons from these snapshots so far. 1. Entrepreneurs, investors, users, and workers alike are all recognizing the need for a new approach, and they are trying lots of different ways to get it. They are relying on old technology and the latest innovations. They are using many different legal structures and techniques for empowering communities. The resourcefulness is pretty astonishing, really. 2. In just about every case, E2C attempts have faced profound challenges. They are often working at the very edge of what the law allows, because many of our laws were written to serve profit-seeking investors, not communities. Much of what communities wanted was simply not possible. Truly changing the landscape of exits will mean policy change that takes communities seriously as sources of innovation and accountability. There is widespread craving for a better kind of exit—and the creativity to back it up. Better exits need to be easier—and this will require structural change. I want to stress this second point. It first became clear to me when working with collaborators at Zebras Unite on the idea of . The founder wanted it. The business model made perfect sense—a rare platform whose users actually pay for it. The company was up for a fire sale. But we simply could not find investors or lenders prepared to back a deal like that. This is a problem I have seen with many other co-op efforts, over and over. Policy is the most powerful shaping force for where capital can aggregate, and there is no adequate policy to support capital for large-scale community ownership. This is also the reason we have lost many community-owned companies in recent years, from to —the most successful community-owned companies too often can’t access the capital they need to flourish. turning Meetup into a user-owned cooperative New Belgium Brewing Mountain Equipment Co-op I’ve seen the same pattern repeat itself with blockchains, where the E2C idea has taken hold more than anywhere. Blockchains can enable organizations that are collectively owned and governed by their users, and millions of people have been attracted by possibility. But what has happened in practice? Any time a new project started gaining traction, it would become drowned in investment from the same venture-capital firms that fueled earlier kinds of startups. The driving force became not the tech or the communities but the investors, once again. This pattern is not inevitable. History has demonstrated that, with the right policy in place, large-scale capital access for community ownership is possible. That’s what happened after 1936, when the US government passed the Rural Electrification Act; thanks to a (revenue positive!) loan program at the Department of Agriculture, cooperatives now operate nuclear power plants and deliver high-speed Internet in once-underserved areas. In 1974, a relatively small change to the federal tax code unleashed the employee stock ownership plan, or ESOP, which has enabled millions of workers to become co-owners of the companies where they work. Today, most policy that governs taxation and finance is built on the assumption that investor profits at all costs is the norm and the ideal. , this assumption is intolerable. We need to demand changes that reorder how capital is able to be organized and deployed. These changes can be relatively small to make a difference—tweaks to tax codes and securities laws, for instance—and they can win support from diverse constituencies. As Marjorie Kelly powerfully argues Too often, I have come to believe, advocates of cooperatives and community ownership have put their energy downstream of the real policy problems. They focus on gaining access to small loan funds and technical assistance for small companies. But they neglect the upstream challenge of exits—and other endgames for the most successful companies in the economy. Unless we change the options available at the highest levels, any gains that communities make for early-stage companies can be erased once companies grow and need capital at the highest levels. On the other hand, when community ownership flourishes at large scales, that’s an attractor — something the whole rest of the economy can start moving toward. Rather than fighting over crumbs, advocates of community ownership should be asking: What change will we win for community ownership that does for future generations what our predecessors won for us? Historically, major structural change for community ownership has involved a three-step process. First, the experiments: creative, path-breaking people demonstrate the need and the possibility of something better. This is where E2C is right now, and our snapshots portray that experimentation beautifully. Now we need to learn from those experiments, identifying what works and where the barriers lie. Second, the policy: Here’s when we build on the experiments, which hint at what is possible, and try to break down the biggest barriers in the way of unleashing economic justice. We assemble broad coalitions to advocate for achievable change, grounding our stories in the experiences of people who need change the most. And we win. Third, the practice: Policy is only the beginning. What matters more is what we do with it. Here, we need to grow our movements and our culture to use the new policy in the best ways, and we watch out for those who want to exploit our policy—as any policy can be exploited. We spread, and community ownership becomes a new normal. I have hunches about the kinds of policy E2C needs, but above all I am interested in learning from a shared conversation. What paths should we be organizing around? The tax code? Public loan guarantees? Securities exemptions? What would have the greatest effect for community ownership at the most achievable political cost? Four years after first calling for E2C, I have become more convinced than ever that focusing on the exit—the goals the economy sets, not just its entry-points—is the right place to be. I hope more people recognize how vital it is to rethink what startups aim for. Meanwhile, I am grateful for all those who have worked together to make this new phase possible through the E2C Collective. That includes, currently, Hazel Devjani, Adina Glickstein, Valentine Erokhin, Nanz Nair, Marisa Rando, Sheba Rivera, and Eli Zeger. Danny Spitzberg kept the Collective moving when no one else did and. The team is continuing to create resources and support teams exploring their own community exits. These people are weaving a fairer kind of economy into being. Please consider (which is also a company ). supporting their work through Open Collective pursuing an E2C I published my initial call to “exit to community” here because Hacker Noon is a Colorado-based, family-led company; it used an equity crowdfunding campaign to remain independent of conventional venture-capital pressures. Now it is one of our snapshots. Everyone doing E2C today has had to go against the grain of mainstream startup culture, facing unique challenges as a result. Someday, I hope that what Hacker Noon and others have struggled to do will be easier, that building with and for community will be the obvious thing to do. This, we now know, is possible. Artwork by Marcos Osorio, , a worker-owned co-op. via Stocksy

Now We Know: Exit to Community Is Possible

এখন আমরা জানি: কমিউনিটিতে প্রস্থান করা সম্ভব

Jetzt wissen wir: Der Austritt aus der Gemeinschaft ist möglich

Ahora lo sabemos: la salida a la comunidad es posible

Nous savons maintenant : la sortie vers la communauté est possible

अब हम जानते हैं: समुदाय से बाहर निकलना संभव है

今わかったこと: コミュニティへの退出は可能である

이제 우리는 알고 있습니다: 커뮤니티로의 이탈이 가능합니다

Agora sabemos: a saída para a comunidade é possível

Теперь мы знаем: выход в сообщество возможен

Artık Biliyoruz: Topluluğa Çıkış Mümkün

Bây giờ chúng tôi đã biết: Có thể thoát khỏi cộng đồng

现在我们知道：退出社区是可能的

This is by (source: ). Lichfield is the Editor-in-Chief of Wired. Twitter thread Gideon Lichfield @glichfield 03-21-2021 https://twitter.com/glichfield/status/1370735851882299393?embedable=true&thread=true Feature image generated via prompt of ‘A Deeper Look at Facebook's PR Strategy’ HackerNoon Stable Diffusion

A Deeper Look at Facebook's PR Strategy

Key Out of Time by Andre Alice Norton, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Shades Against Shadow Shades Against Shadow The corridor ended in a narrow slit of room, and the wall before them was not the worked stone of the citadel but a single slab of what appeared to be glass curdled into creamy ridges and depressions. Here were the Foanna, their robes once more cloaking them. Each held, point out, one of the rods. They moved slowly but with the precise gestures of those about a demanding and very important task as they traced each depression in the wall before them with the wand points. Down, up, around ... as their feet had moved in the dance pattern, so now their wands moved to cover each line. "Now!" The wands dropped points to the floor. The Foanna moved equidistant from one another. Then, as one, the rods were lifted vertically, brought down together with a single loud tap. On the wall the blue lines they had traced with such care darkened, melted. The glassy slab shivered, shattered, fell outward in a lace of fragments. So the narrow room became a balcony above a large chamber. Below a platform ran the full length of that hall, and on it were mounted a line of oval disks. These had been turned to different angles and each reflected light, a ray beam directed at them from a machine whose metallic casing, projecting antennae, was oddly out of place here. Once more the three staffs of the Foanna raised as one in the air. This time, from the knobs held out over the hall blazed, not the usual whirl of small sparks, but strong beams of light—blue light darkening as it pierced downward until it became thrusting lines of almost tangible substance. When those blue beams struck the nearest ovals they webbed with lines which cracked wide open. Shattered bits tinkled down to the platform. There was a stir at the end of the hall where the machine stood. Figures ran into plain sight. Baldies! Ross cried out a warning as he saw those star men raise weapon tubes aimed at the perch on which the Foanna stood. Fire crackling with the speed and sound of lightning lashed up at the balcony. The lances of light met the spears of dark, and there was a flash which blinded Ross, a sound which split open the whole world. The Terran's eyes opened, not upon darkness but on dazzling light, flashes of it which tore over him in great sweeping arcs. Dazed, sick, he tried to press his prone body into the unyielding surface on which he lay. But there was no way of burrowing out of this wild storm of light and clashing sound. Now under him the very fabric of the floor rocked and quivered as if it were being shaken apart into crumbling rubble. All the will and ability to move was gone. Ross could only lie there and endure. What had happened, he did not know save that what raged about him now was a warring of inimical forces, perhaps both feeding on each other even as they strove for mastery. The play of rays resembled sword blades crossing, fencing. Ross threw his arm over his eyes to shut out the intolerable brilliance of that thrust and counter. His body tingled and winced as the whirlwind of energy clashed and reclashed. He was beaten, stupid, as a man pinned down too long under a heavy shelling. How did it end? In one terrific thunderclap of sound and blasting power? And when did it end—hours ... days later? Time was a thing set apart from this. Ross lay in the quiet which his body welcomed thirstily. Then he was conscious of the touch of wind on his face, wind carrying the hint of sea salt. He opened his eyes and saw above him a patch of clouded sky. Shakily he levered himself up on his elbows. There were no complete walls any more, just jagged points of masonry, broken teeth set in a skull's jawbone. Open sky, dark clouds spattering rain. "Gordon? Karara?" Ross's voice was a thin whisper. He licked his lips and tried again: "Gordon!" Had there been an answering whimper? Ross crawled into a hollow between two fallen blocks. A pool of water? No, it was the cloak of one of the Foanna spread out across the flooring in this fragment of room. Then Ross saw that Ashe was there, the cloaked figure braced against the Terran's shoulder as he half supported, half embraced the Foanna. "Ynvalda!" Ashe called that with an urgency which was demanding. Now the Foanna moved, raising an arm in the cloak's flowing sleeve. Ross sat back on his heels. "Ross—Ashe?" He turned his head. Karara stood here, then came forward, planting her feet with care, her hands outstretched, her eyes wide and unseeing. Ross pulled himself up and went to her, finding that the once solid floor seemed to dip and sway under him, until he, too, must balance and creep. His hands closed on her shoulders and he pulled her to him in mutual support. "Gordon?" "Over there. You all right?" "I think so." Her voice was weak. "The Foanna ... Ynlan ... Ynvalda—" Steadying herself against him, she tried to look around. The place which had once been a narrow room, then a balcony, was now a perch above stomach-turning space. The hall of the oval mirrors was gone, having disappeared into a hollow the depths of which were veiled by a vapor which boiled and bubbled as if, far below, some huge caldron hung above a blazing fire. Karara cried out and Ross drew her back from that drop. He was clearer-headed now and looked about for some way down from this doubtful perch. Of the other two Foanna there was no sign. Had they been sucked up and out in the inferno they had created with their unleashing of energy against the Baldies' installation? "Ross—look!" Karara's cry, her upflung arm directed his attention aloft. Under the sullen gathering of the storm a sphere arose as a bubble might seek the surface of a pool before breaking. A ship—a Baldy ship taking off from the ruined citadel! So some of the enemy had survived that trial of strength! The globe was small, a scout used for within-atmosphere exploration, Ross judged. It arose first, and then moved inland, fleeing the gathering storm, to be out of sight in moments. Inland, where the mountain base of the invaders was reputed to be. Retreating? Or bound to gather reinforcements? "Baldies?" Karara asked. "Yes." She wiped her hand across her face, smearing dust and grime on her cheeks. As raindrops pattered about them, Ross drew the girl with him into the alcove where Ashe sheltered with the Foanna. The cowled alien was sitting up, her hand still gripping one of the wands, now a half-melted ruin. Ashe glanced at them as if for the first time he remembered they might be there. "Baldy ship just took off inland," Ross told him. "We didn't see either of the other Foanna." "They have gone to do what is to be done," Ashe's companion replied. "So some of the enemy fled. Well, perhaps they have learned one lesson, not to meddle with others' devices. Ahh, so much gone which will never come again! Never again—" She held up the half-melted wand, turning it back and forth before her, before she cast it away. It flew out, up, then dropped into the caldron of the hall which had been. A gust of rain, cold, chilling the lightly clad Terrans, swept across them. The Foanna was helped to her feet by Ashe. For a moment she turned slowly, giving a lingering look to the ruins. Then she spoke: "Broken stone holds no value. Take hands, my brothers, my sister, it is time we go hence." Karara's hand in Ross's right, Ashe's in his left, and both linked to Ynvalda in turn. Then—they were indeed elsewhere, in a courtyard where bodies lay flaccid under the drenching downpour of the rain. And moving among those bodies were the two other Foanna, bending to examine one man after another. Perhaps over one in three they so inspected they held consultation before a wand was used in tracing certain portions of the body between them. When they were finished, that man stirred, moaned, showed signs of life once more. "Rosss—!" From behind a tumbled wall crept a Hawaikan who did not wear the guard armor of the others. Gill-pack, flippers, diver's belt, had been stripped from him. There was a bleeding gash down the side of his face, and he held his left arm against his body, supported by his right hand. "Baleku!" The Rover pulled himself up to his feet and stood swaying. Ross reached him quickly to catch him as he slumped forward. "Loketh?" the Terran asked. "The women-killers took him." Somehow the Rover got that out as Ross half supported, half led him to where the Foanna were gathering those they had been able to revive. "They wanted to learn"—Baleku was obviously making a great effort to tell his story—"about ... about where we came from ... where we got the packs." "So now they will know of us, or will if they get the story out of Loketh." Ashe worked with Ross to splint the Rover's broken arm. "How many of them were here, Baleku?" The Rover's head moved slowly from side to side. "I do not know in truth. It is—was—like a dream. I was in the water swimming through the sea gate. Then suddenly I was in another place where those from the stars waited about me. They had our packs and belts and these they showed us, demanding to know whereof these were. Loketh was like one deep in sleep and they left him so when they questioned me. Then there came a great noise and the floor under us shook, lightning flashed through the air. Two of the women-killers ran from the room and all of them were greatly excited. They took up Loketh and carried him away, with him the packs and other things. And I was left alone, though I could not move—as if they had left me in a net I could not see. "More and more were the flashes. Then one of those slayers of women stood in the doorway. He raised his hand, and my feet were free, but I could not move otherwise than to follow after him. We came along a hall and into this court where men stood unstirring, although stones fell from the walls upon some of them and the ground shook—" Baleku's voice grew shriller, his words ran together. "The one who pulled me after him by his will—he cried out and put his hands to his head. Back and forth he ran, bumping into the standing men, and once running into a wall as if he were blinded. And then he was gone and I was alone. There was more falling stone and one struck my shoulder so I was thrown to the ground. There I lay until you came." "So few—out of many so few—" One of the Foanna stood beside them, her cloak streaming with the falling rain. "And for these"—she faced the lines of those they had not revived—"there was no chance. They died as helplessly as if they went into a meeting of swords with their arms bound to their sides! Evil have we wrought here." Ashe shook his head. "Evil has been wrought here, Ynlan, but not by your seeking. And those who died here helplessly may be only a small portion of those yet to be sacrificed. Have you forgotten the slaughter at Kyn Add and those other fairings where women and children were also struck down to serve some purpose we do not even yet know?" "Lady, Great One—" Baleku struggled to sit up and Ross slipped an arm behind him in aid. "She for whom I made a bride-cup was meat for them at Kyn Add, along with many others. If these slayers are not put to the sword's edge, there will be other fairings so used. And these Shadow ones possess a magic to draw men to them helplessly to be killed. Great One, you have powers; all men know that wind and wave obey your call. Do you now use your magic! It is better to fall with a power we know, than answer such spells as those killers have netted about the men here!" "This is one weapon which they shall not use again." Ynvalda rose from a stone block where she had been sitting. "And perhaps in its way it was one of the most dangerous. But in defeating it we have by so much weakened ourselves also. And the strong place of these star men lies not on the coast, but inland. They will be warned by those who fled this place. Wind and wave, yes, those have served our purpose in the past. But now perhaps we have found that which our power will not best! Only—for this"—her gesture was for the ruins of the citadel and the dead—"there shall be a payment exacted—to the height of our desire!" Whether the Foanna did have any control over the storm winds or not, the present deluge appeared not to accommodate them. The dazed, injured survivors of the courtyard were brought to shelter in some of the underground passages. There appeared to be no other reminders of the Wrecker force which had earlier besieged the keep than those survivors. But within hours some of those who had served the Foanna for generations returned. And the Foanna themselves opened the sea gates so that the Rover cruisers anchored in the small bay below their ruined walls. A small force, and one ill-equipped to go up against the Baldies. Some five star men's bodies had been found in the citadel, but the ship had gone off to warn their base. To Ross's thinking the advantage still lay with the invaders. But the Hawaikans refused to accept the idea that the odds were against them. As soon as the storm blew out its force Ongal's cruiser headed northwest to other clan fairings where the Rovers could claim kinship. And Afrukta sailed on the same errand south. While some of the Wreckers were released to carry the warning to their lords. Just how great a force could be gathered through such means and how effective it would be, was a question to make the Terrans uneasy. Karara disappeared with the Foanna into the surviving inner cliff-burrows below the citadel. But Ashe and Ross remained with Torgul and his officers, striving to bring organization out of the chaos about them. "We must know just where their lair lies," Torgul stated the obvious. "The mountains you believe, and they can fly in sky ships to and from that point. Well"—he spread out a chart—"here are the mountains on this island, running so. An army marching hither could be sighted from sky ships. Also, there are many mountains. Which is the one or ones we must seek? It may take many tens of days to find that place, while they will always know where we are, watch us from above, prepare for our coming—" Again Ross mentally paid tribute to the Captain's quick grasp of essentials. "You have a solution, Captain?" Ashe asked. "There is the river—here—" Torgul said reflectively. "Perhaps I think in terms of water because I am a sailor. But here it does run, and for this far along it our cruisers may ascend." He pointed with his finger tip. "This lies, however, in Glicmas's land, and he is now the mightiest of the Wrecker lords, his sword always drawn against us. I do not believe that we could talk him into——" "Glicmas!" Ross interrupted. They both looked at him inquiringly, and he repeated Loketh's story of the Wrecker lord who had had dealings with a "voice from the mountain" and so gained the wrecking devices to make him the dominant lord of the district. "So!" Torgul exclaimed. "That is the evil of this Shadow in the mountains! No, under those circumstances I do not think we shall talk Glicmas into furthering any raid against those who have made him great over his fellows. Rather will he turn against us in their cause." "And if we do not use the cruisers up the river"—Ashe conned the map—"then perhaps a small party or parties working overland could strike the stream here, nearer to the uplands." Torgul frowned at the map. "I do not think so. Even small parties moving in that direction would be sighted by Glicmas's people. The more so if they headed inland. He will not wish to share his secrets with others." "But, say—a party of Foanna." The Captain glanced up swiftly to favor Ashe with a keen regard. "Then he would not dare. No, I am sure he would not dare to interfere. Not yet has he risen high enough to turn the hook of his sword against them. But would the Foanna do so?" "If not the Foanna, then others wearing like robes," Ashe said slowly. "Others wearing like robes?" repeated Torgul. Now his frown was heavy. "No man would take on the guise of the Foanna; he would be blasted by their power for so doing. If the Foanna will lead us in their persons, then we shall follow gladly, knowing that their magic will be with us." "There is also this," Ross broke in. "The Baldies have the gill-packs they took from Baleku and Loketh, and they have Loketh. They will want to learn more about us. We hoped that the citadel would provide bait to draw them and it did. That our plan for a trap there was spoiled was ill fortune. But I am sure that if the Baldies believe we are coming to them, they will hold off an all-out attack against our march, hoping to gather us in intact. They'd risk that." Ashe nodded. "I agree. We are the unknown they must solve now. And this much I am sure of—the future of this world and her people balances on a very narrow line of choice. It is my hope that such a choice is still to be made." Torgul smiled thinly. "We live in perilous times when the Shades require our swords to go up against the Shadow!" About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Andre Alice Norton (2006). Key Out of Time. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19651/pg19651-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

Shades Against Shadow

Key Out of Time by Andre Alice Norton, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . The Free Rovers The Free Rovers Twilight made a gray world where one could not trace the true meeting of land and water, sea and sky. Surely the haze about them was more than just the normal dusk of coming night. Ross balanced in the middle of the skiff as it bobbed along the swell of waves inside a barrier reef. To his mind the craft carrying the three of them and their net of supplies was too frail, rode too high. But Karara paddling in the bow, Loketh at the stern seemed to be content, and Ross could not, for pride's sake, question their competency. He comforted himself with the knowledge that no agent was able to absorb every primitive skill, and Karara's people had explored the Pacific in out-rigger canoes hardly more stable than their present vessel, navigating by currents and stars. Smothering his feeling of helplessness and the slow anger that roused in him, the Terran busied himself with study of a sort. They had had the longer part of the day in the cave before Loketh would agree to venture out of hiding and paddle south. Ross, using the analyzer, had, with Loketh's aid, set about learning what he could of the native tongue. Now possessed of a working vocabulary of clicked words, he was able to follow Loketh's speech so that translation through the dolphins was not necessary except for complicated directions. Also, he had a more detailed briefing of the present situation on Hawaika. Enough to know that they might be embarking on a mad venture. The citadel of the Foanna was distinctly forbidden ground, not only for Loketh's people but also for the Foanna's Hawaikan followers who were housed and labored in an outer ring of fortification-cum-village. Those natives were, Ross gathered, a hereditary corps of servants and warriors, born to that status and not recruited from the native population at large. As such, they were armored by the "magic" of their masters. "If the Foanna are so powerful," Ross had demanded, "why do you go with us against them?" To depend so heavily on the native made him uneasy. The Hawaikan looked to Karara. One of his hands raised; his fingers sketched a sign toward the girl. "With the Sea Maid and her magic I do not fear." He paused before adding, "Always has it been said of me—and to me—that I am a useless one, fit only to do women's tasks. No word weaver shall ever chant my battle deeds in the great hall of Zahur. I who am Zahur's true son can not carry my sword in any lord's train. But now you offer me one of the great to-be-remembered quests. If I go, so may I prove that I am a man, even if I go limpingly. There is nothing the Foanna can do to me which is worse than what the Shadow has already done. Choosing to follow you I may stand up to face Zahur in his own hall, show him that the blood of his House has not been drained from my veins because I walk crookedly!" There was such bitter fire, not only in the sputtering rush of Loketh's words, but in his eyes, his face, the wry twist of his lips, that Ross believed him. The Terran no longer had any doubts that the castle outcast was willing to brave the unknown terrors of the Foanna keep, not just to aid Ross whom he considered himself bound to serve by the customs of his people, but because he saw in this venture a chance to gain what he had never had, a place in his warrior culture. Shut off from the normal life of his people, he had early turned to the sea. His twisted leg had not proved a handicap in the water, and he stated with confidence that he was the best swimmer in the castle. Not that the men of his father's following had taken greatly to the sea, which they looked upon merely as a way of preying upon the true sea rovers. The reef on which the ships had been wrecked was a snare of sorts—first by the whim of nature when wind and current piled up the trading ships there. Then, Ross was startled when Loketh elaborated on a later development of that trap. "So Zahur returned from this meeting and set up a great magic among the rock, according to the spells he was taught. Now ships are drawn there so the wrecks have been many and Zahur becomes an even greater lord with many men coming to take sword oath under him." "This magic," asked Ross, "of what manner is it and where did Zahur obtain it?" "It is fashioned so—" Loketh sketched two straight lines in the air, "not curved as a sword. And the color of water under a storm sky, both rods being as tall as a man. There was much care to set them in place, that was done by a man of Glicmas." "A man of Glicmas?" "Glicmas is now the high lord of the Iccio. He is blood kin to Zahur, yet Zahur must take sword oath to send to Glicmas a fourth of all his sea-gleanings for a year in payment for this magic." "And Glicmas, where did he get it? From the Foanna?" Loketh made an emphatic denial of that. "No, the Foanna have spoken out against their use, making even greater ill feeling between the Old Ones and the coast people. It is said that Glicmas saw a great wonder in the sky and followed it to a high place of his own country. A mountain broke in twain and a voice issued forth from the rent, calling that the lord of the country come and stand to hear it. When Glicmas did so he was told that the magic would be his. Then the mountain closed again and he found many strange things upon the ground. As he uses them they make him akin to the Foanna in power. Some he gives to those who are his blood kin, and together they will be great until they close their fists not only upon the sea rovers, but upon the Foanna also. This they have come to believe." "But you do not?" Karara asked then. "I do not know, Sea Maid. The time is coming when perhaps they shall have their chance to prove how strong is their magic. Already the Rovers gather in fleets as they never did before. And it seems that they, too, have found a new magic, for their ships fly through the water, depending no longer on wind-filling sails, or upon strong arms of men at long paddles. There is a struggle before us. But that you must know, being who and what you are, Sea Maid." "And what do you think I am? What do you think Ross is?" "If the Foanna dwell on land and hold old knowledge and power beyond our reckoning in their two hands," he replied, "then it is possible that the same could have roots in the sea. It is my belief that you are of the Shades, but not the Shadow. And this warrior is also of your kind—but perhaps in different degree, putting into action your desires and wishes. Thus, if you go up against the Foanna, you shall be well matched, kind to kind." Nice to be so certain of that, Ross thought. He did not share Loketh's confidence on that subject. "The Shades ... the Shadow ..." Karara persisted. "What are these, Loketh?" An odd expression crossed the Hawaikan's face. "Are those not known to you, Sea Maid? Indeed, then you are of a breed different from the men of land. The Shades are those of power who may come to the aid of men should it be their desire to influence the future. And the Shadow ... the Shadow is That Which Ends All—man, hope, good. To Which there is no appeal, and Which holds a vast and enduring hatred for that which has life and full substance." "So Zahur has this new magic. Is it the gift of Shades or Shadow?" Ross brought them back to the subject which had sparked in him a small warning signal. "Zahur prospers mightily." Loketh's answer was ambiguous. "And so the Shadow could not provide such magic?" The Terran pushed. But before the Hawaikan had a chance to answer, Karara added another question: "But you believe that it did?" "I do not know. Only the magic has made Zahur a part of Glicmas, and Glicmas is now perhaps a part of that which spoke from the mountain. It is not well to accept gifts which tie one man to another unless there is from the first a saying of how deep that bond may run." "I think you are wise in that, Loketh," Karara said. But the uneasiness had grown in Ross. Alien powers, out of a mountain heart, passed from one lord to another. And on the other hand the Rovers' sudden magic in turn, lending their ships wings. The two facts balanced in an odd way. Back on Terra there had been those sudden and unaccountable jumps in technical knowledge on the part of the enemy, jumps which had set in action the whole Time Travel service of which he had become a part. And these jumps had not been the result of normal research; they had come from the looting of derelict spaceships wrecked on his world in the far past. Could driblets of the same stellar knowledge have been here deliberately fed to warring communities? He asked Loketh about the possibility of space-borne explorers. But to the Hawaikan that was a totally foreign conception. The stars, for Loketh, were the doorways and windows of the Shades, and he treated the suggestion of space travel as perhaps natural to those all-powerful specters, but certainly not for beings like himself. There was no hint that Hawaika had been openly visited by a galactic ship. Though that did not bar such landings. The planet was, Ross thought, thinly populated. Whole sections of the interiors of the larger islands were wilderness, and this world must be in the same state of only partial occupation as his own earth had been in the Bronze Age when tribes on the march had fanned out into virgin wilderness, great forests, and steppes unwalked by man before their coming. Now as he balanced in the canoe and tried to keep his mind off the queasiness in his middle and the insecurity of the one thickness of sea-creature hide stretched over a bone framework which made up the craft between his person and the water, Ross still mulled over what might be true. Had the galactic invaders for their own purposes begun to meddle here, leaking weapons or tools to upset what must be a very delicate balance of power? Why? To bring on a conflict which would occupy the native population to the point of exhaustion or depopulation? So they could win a world for their own purposes without effort or risk on their part? Such cold-blooded fishing in carefully troubled waters fitted very well with the persons of the Baldies as he had known them on Terra. And he could not set aside that memory of this very coast as he had seen it through the peep, the castle in ruins, tall pylons reaching from the land into the sea. Was this the beginning of that change which would end in the Hawaika of his own time, empty of intelligent life, shattered into a loose network of islands? "This fog is strange." Karara's words startled Ross to return to the here and now. The haze he had been only half conscious of when they had put out from the tiny secret bay where Loketh kept his boat, was truly a fog, piling up in soft billows and cutting down visibility with speed. "The Foanna!" Loketh's answer was sharp, a recognition of danger. "Their magic—they hide their place so! There is trouble, trouble on the move!" "Do we land then?" Ross did not ascribe the present blotting out of the landscape to any real manipulation of nature on the part of the all-powerful Foanna. Too many times the reputations of "medicine men" had been so enhanced by coincidence. But he did doubt the wisdom of trying to bore ahead blindly in this murk. "Taua and Tino-rau can guide us," Karara reminded him. "Throw out the rope, Ross. What is above water will not confuse them." He moved cautiously, striving to adapt his actions to the swing of the boat. The line was ready coiled to hand and he tossed the loose end overboard, to feel the cord jerk taut as one of the dolphins caught it up. They were being towed now, though both paddlers reinforced the forward tug with their efforts. The curtain gathering above the surface of the water did not hamper the swimmers beneath its surface, and Ross felt relief. He turned his head to speak to Loketh. "How near are we?" The mist had thickened to the point that, close as the native was, the lines of his body blurred. His clicking answer seemed distorted, too, almost as if the fog had altered not only his form but his personality. "Maybe very soon now. We must see the sea gate before we are sure." "And if we aren't able to see that?" challenged Ross. "The sea gate is above and below the water. Those who obey the Sea Maid, who are able to speak thought to thought, will find it if we can not." But they were never to reach that goal. Karara gave warning: "There are ships about." Ross knew that the dolphins had told her. He demanded in turn: "What kind?" "Larger, much larger than this." Then Loketh broke in: "A Rover Raider—three of them!" Ross frowned. He was the cripple here. The other two, with their ability to communicate with the dolphins, were the sighted, he the blind. And he resented his handicap in a burst of bitterness which must have colored his tone as he ordered, "Head inshore—now!" Once on land, even in the fog, he felt that they had the advantage in any hide-and-seek which might ensue with this superior enemy force. But afloat he was helpless and vulnerable, a state Ross did not accept easily. "No," Loketh returned as sharply. "There is no place to land along the cliff." "We are between two of the ships," Karara reported. "Your paddles—" Ross schooled his voice to a whisper, "hold them—don't use them. Let the dolphins take us on. In the fog, if we make no sound, we may get by the ships." "Right!" Karara agreed, and he heard an assenting grunt from Loketh. They were moving very slowly. Strong as the dolphins were, they dared not expend all their strength on towing the skiff too fast. Ross thought furiously. Perhaps the sea could be their way of escape if the need arose. He had no idea why raiding ships were moving under the cover of fog into the vicinity of the Foanna citadel. But the Terran's knowledge of tactics led him to guess that this impending visit was not anticipated by the Foanna, nor was it a friendly one. And, as veteran seamen who should normally be wary of fog as thick as this, the Rovers themselves must have a driving reason, or some safeguard which led them here now. But dared the three spill out of their boat, trust to their swimming ability and that of the dolphins, and invade the Foanna sea gate so? Could they use the coming Rover attack as a cover for their own invasion of the hold? Ross considered that the odds in their favor were beginning to look better. He whispered his idea and began to prepare their gear. The boat was still headed for the shore the three could not see. But they could hear sounds out of the white cotton wall which told them how completely they were boxed in by the raiders; creaks, whispers, noises, Ross could not readily identify, carried across the waves. Before leaving the cave and beginning this voyage they had introduced Loketh to the use of the gill-pack, made him practice in the depths of the cave pool with one of the extras drawn through the gate among the supplies. Now all three were equipped with the water aid, and they could be gone in the sea before the trap closed. "The supply net—" Ross warned Karara. A moment or two later there was a small bump against the skiff at his left hand. He cautiously raised the collection of containers and eased the burden into the water, knowing that one of the dolphins would take charge of it. However, he was not prepared for what happened next. Under him the boat lurched first one way and then the other in sharp jerks as if the dolphins were trying to spill them into the sea. Ross heard Karara call out, her voice thin and frightened: "Taua! Tino-rau! They have gone mad! They will not listen!" The boat raced in a zigag path. Loketh clutched at Ross, striving to steady him, to keep the boat on an even keel. "The Foanna—!" Just as Loketh cried out, Karara plunged over the prow of the boat, whether by design or chance Ross did not know. And then the craft whirled about, smashed side against side with a dark bulk looming out of the fog. Above, Ross heard cries, knew that they had crashed against one of the raiders. He fought to retain his balance, but he had been knocked to the bottom of the boat against Loketh and they struggled together, unable to move during a precious second or two. Out of the air over their heads dropped a mass of waving strands which enveloped both of them. The stuff was adhesive, slimy. Ross let out a choked cry as the lines tightened about his arms and body, pinioning him. Those tightened, wove a net. Now he was being drawn up out of the plunging skiff, a helpless captive. His flailing legs, still free of the slimy cords, struck against the side of the larger ship. Then he swung in, over the well of the deck, thudded down on that surface with bruising force, unable to understand anything except that he had been taken prisoner by a very effective device. Loketh dropped beside him. But Karara was not brought in, and Ross held to that small bit of hope. Had she made it to freedom by dropping into the water before the Rovers netted them? He could see men gathering about him, masked and distorted in the fog. Then he was rolled across the deck, boosted over the edge of a hatch and knew an instant of terror as he fell into the depth below. How long was he unconscious? It could not have been very long, Ross decided, as he opened his eyes on dark, heard the small sounds of the ship. He lay very still, trying to remember, to gather his wits before he tried to flex his arms. They were held tight to his sides by strands which no longer seemed slimy, but were wrinkling as they dried. There was an odor from them which gagged him. But there was no loosening of those loops in spite of his struggles, which grew more intense as his strength returned. And at last he lay panting, knowing there was no easy way of escape from here. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Andre Alice Norton (2006). Key Out of Time. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19651/pg19651-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

The Free Rovers

The internet has been awash with reports of a “major breakthrough” in nuclear fusion technology that could change the way we produce energy, moving from dirty fossil fuels to clean, green energy. In a historic first, the team at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s National Ignition Facility (LLNL), recently that they managed to create a surplus of nuclear fusion energy by bombarding hydrogen isotopes with powerful lasers. announced But according to the , the reports are misleading and major hurdles to a fusion-powered world remain. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists The fusion achievement that the US Energy Department has announced is scientifically significant but does not relate primarily to the generation of electricity. Replicating the process that gives the Sun its energy — turning hydrogen into helium - is not as simple as the media outlets may have it sound. It is true that carbon-free, fusion-powered electricity generation is everyone’s dream but not everyone was paying close attention to what has been said and what the truth is. The focus was on what Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said in the news conference but few people paid attention to National Nuclear Security Administration Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs Marv Adams who noted that while the science is there, the practicality of using it to replace fossil fuels is still not relevant. The fact is that the project, carried out in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), focuses more on protecting nuclear stockpiles than it does on producing clean energy, but you wouldn’t know that from Granholms’ press conference, the media reportage, or comments made by public figures. Granholm said this new breakthrough will provide “invaluable insights into the prospects of clean fusion energy, which would be a game-changer for efforts to achieve President Biden’s goal of a net-zero carbon economy.” While she did say that nuclear fusion would “help us solve humanity’s most complex and pressing problems, like providing clean power to combat climate change” she also mentioned that it would help in “maintaining a nuclear deterrent without nuclear testing.” US government officials are also guilty of misconstruing the news in what seems to be their over-excitement that the use of fusion energy could halt or even reverse the negative effects of climate change. U.S. Representative Eric Swalwell said, “This breakthrough will ensure the safety and reliability of our nuclear stockpile, open new frontiers in science, and enable progress toward new ways to power our homes and offices in future decades.” “This monumental scientific breakthrough is a milestone for the future of clean energy,” said U.S. Senator Alex Padilla. We still have a long way to go, but this… could help fuel a brighter clean energy future for the United States and humanity,” said U.S. Senator Jack Reed. “This astonishing scientific advance puts us on the precipice of a future no longer reliant on fossil fuels but instead powered by new clean fusion energy,” U.S. Senate Majority Leader Charles Schumer. But again, the possibility of nuclear fusion replacing fossil fuels wasn’t the real news. , “the National Ignition Facility team emphasized that, while the recent feat is worth celebrating, we can’t expect large-scale fusion plants to power our homes anytime soon.” According to Molly Glick at Inverse She quotes , deputy director for fundamental weapons physics at LLNL, who said, “The laser wasn't designed to be efficient. The laser was designed to give us as much juice as possible to make these incredible conditions possible happen basically in the laboratory.” Mark Herrmann Yes, the National Ignition Facility at LLNL finally attained “fusion ignition” – a long-awaited achievement for nuclear fusion researchers around the globe, but fusion ignition for consumer electricity generation is only one part of what NIF does. NIF was built for two missions: performing research in support of the Stockpile Stewardship Program - its duty - and to further our quest to understand and harness energy from nuclear fusion. foremost Its second mission, having reached a certain level of success now, is what made headlines, but it is mostly hype and a lot less fact that you will see in the media. (NNSA), one of its core missions is to ensure the United States maintains a safe, secure, and reliable nuclear stockpile through the application of unparalleled science, technology, engineering, and manufacturing. According to the National Nuclear Security Administration The Office of Defense Programs carries out NNSA’s mission to maintain and modernize the nuclear stockpile through the Stockpile Stewardship and Management Program. According to experts with knowledge of what NIF does, the machine to create nuclear fusion used approximately 400 megajoules to operate during the experiment and lost about 99% of the power it consumed. That difference in energy is considerably far from what anyone would consider a net energy gain. Another problem with the hype about nuclear fusion soon replacing fossil fuels is that the machine used for the experiment takes a number of hours until it can be reused. It took years to perfect the process and the ability to use the machine at all. In order to generate consumer-level energy, the machine would need to accomplish this feat 10,000 times faster and scientists and engineers would need to perfect a way to extract the energy in the form of heat for practical use. , there is also a supply problem. The pellets used to produce fusion contain deuterium and tritium. According to Tom Hartsfield at Big Think While deuterium is plentiful, unfortunately, the world’s entire supply of tritium is somewhere around a pithy 50 pounds and the market cost of tritium stands at around $1 million per ounce. Clearly, fusion energy to create consumer-ready electricity production is far off. As with anything in the news, be aware of the hype and read the small print. Yes, nuclear fusion as a clean energy source may be the future. But not yet.

The False Hype Around Nuclear Fusion

La falsa exageración en torno a la fusión nuclear

Le faux battage autour de la fusion nucléaire

परमाणु संलयन के आसपास झूठा प्रचार

核融合に関する誤った誇大宣伝

O falso hype em torno da fusão nuclear

Sự cường điệu sai lầm xung quanh phản ứng tổng hợp hạt nhân

围绕核聚变的虚假炒作

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