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Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . STARCHES FOR THE FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS. here STARCHES FOR THE FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS. The starches have been classified by Dr. Muter, according to the appearance they give under the microscope, into five groups: .—Hilum and concentric rings visible. All the granules, oval or ovate. Tous-le-mois, potato, arrowroot, etc. Class I .—The concentric rings are all but invisible, the hilum is stellate. Maize, pea, bean, etc. Class II .—The concentric rings are all but invisible, also the hilum in the majority of granules. Wheat, barley, rye, chestnut, etc. Class III .—All the granules truncated at one end. Sago, tapioca, etc. Class IV .—All the granules angular in form. Rice, tacca, arrowroot, oats, etc. Class V The principal starches used for finishing cotton fabrics are potato (farina), wheat, Indian corn (maize), rice, tapioca, arrowroot, sago; the last three not so often as those previously named. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 799, April 25, 1891. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/11649/pg11649-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

STARCHES FOR THE FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS

Have you played A Way Out yet? What an experience. That co-op only game was such an inspired idea, wasn't it? If you're like me, you finished that game wanting more. More teamwork, more problem-solving with a friend, and more of those "we did it!" moments of overcoming a challenge together. Well, you're in luck. I've uncovered five other co-op multiplayer gems perfect for you and a friend. Read on for five co-op games inspired by the fun I had playing . A Way Out Here are 5 best co-op games for Windows It takes two Overcooked! A tale of two sons Portal 2 Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light It Takes Two - A Heartfelt Co-Op Adventure If you loved the co-op adventure of , then should be next on your list. This colorful platformer from provides a heartfelt story of a struggling couple, Cody and May, who get trapped in two dolls. The only way out is by working together. A Way Out It Takes Two Hazelight Studios As you navigate through imaginative levels, you'll take control of either Cody or May and rely on teamwork to overcome obstacles. Maybe you'll turn into animals, manipulate the environment, or just find the perfect rhythm to progress. The gameplay , constantly introducing new mechanics to surprise you. never gets repetitive Unlike A Way Out though, It Takes Two focuses more on collaboration over conflict. You're not escaping prison here, just rediscovering the love between two partners. The story is poignant yet uplifting, reminding us relationships take effort. By the end, you'll be rooting for Cody and May. With its blend of platforming, puzzles, minigames, and a touching narrative, It Takes Two provides the perfect co-op experience. You'll laugh, and you might shed a tear, but most of all you'll value the journey together. Isn't that what co-op gaming is all about? Overcooked! - Cooking Up Chaos in the Kitchen Have you ever wanted to experience the barely controlled chaos of a busy restaurant kitchen? Then is the co-op game for you. You and up to three friends take on the role of chefs in increasingly absurd and hazardous kitchens. Overcooked! Simple recipes descend into pandemonium as you frantically chop veggies, wash dishes, and put out fires—sometimes literally! To succeed, communication and teamwork are key. You’ll need to call out for ingredients, warn each other of impending disasters, and figure out how to navigate each kitchen’s unique layout and hazards. The recipes start simple but escalate to multi-step dishes with specific garnishes and plating. Trying to coordinate four people to produce perfect plates of pasta or burgers before the customers storm out will have you all shouting in frustration and laughter. Some tips for aspiring Overcooked! chefs: Assign each person a role like a chopper, cooker, or plater. Switch it up for different recipes to avoid boredom. Memorize the recipes beforehand so you know what’s coming up next. Reading instructions on the fly won’t cut it! Pay attention to details like which stove a pot needs to go on or which ingredients are running low. Call out when you need help! Don’t be afraid to laugh at the absurdity of it all. Dropped ingredients, accidental fires, and botched orders are all part of the fun. The chaos is the point! Whether you want a zany party game or a co-op challenge to strengthen your real-life cooking teamwork, Overcooked! serves up a heaping helping of fun. Just try not to burn the kitchen down in the process! Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons This co-op puzzle-adventure game tells the heartfelt story of two brothers on a journey to find a cure for their ill father. You each control one of the brothers, working together to solve environmental puzzles and navigate obstacles. The control scheme takes some getting used to, as each analog stick moves one brother, but it creates a as you help each other through challenges. real sense of bonding The fantastical world is full of whimsical details that reveal layers of backstory without a single line of dialog. The emotional journey is poignant and bittersweet, culminating in a finale that will stick with you. Brothers is a short but unforgettable co-op experience that shows how games can be a powerful storytelling medium. If you’re looking for a meaningful game to share with someone close to you, put this at the top of your list. Some tips for playing: Take your time exploring the environments. There are many subtle details that enrich the world-building. Pay attention to how the brothers interact with each other. Their animations and sounds convey so much about their relationship and emotional states. Think creatively about how to manipulate objects and the environment. Puzzles often have simple solutions that require two people. Appreciate the emotional arc of the journey. The ending will have much more impact if you've connected with the characters along the way. Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons is a prime example of a co-op game that uses its mechanics and interactivity to strengthen an emotional narrative. If you're looking for a short, moving game to share with someone else, you'll find a profound experience in Brothers. Portal 2 - Hilarious Puzzles Require Cooperation If you love mind-bending puzzles and witty humor, is a must-play co-op game. In this first-person puzzle game, you and a friend control robots to solve puzzles using portals and other tools. The portals create a visual and logical paradox that often stumps players, leading to laughter and “aha!” moments when you finally figure it out. Portal 2 The puzzles start simple but quickly become diabolical. You must work together closely, communicate constantly, and think outside the box. But when you do solve one, the sense of accomplishment is hugely rewarding. The quirky characters like Wheatley the personality sphere and GLaDOS the unhinged AI guide you through the enrichment center with hilarious commentary. Their absurd logic and observations will have you chuckling the whole way through. has stood the test of time as a co-op classic because the puzzles are so cleverly designed. No two players will solve them the exact same way, so there’s high replay value. Portal 2 If you get stuck, don’t worry - you can drop portals to get to new areas and the solution will come to you. Take breaks when needed, and come back to the puzzle fresh. Two heads are better than one! Portal 2 shows how cooperation and teamwork can accomplish amazing feats, even in the face of impossible odds. If you want a co-op experience like no other that will challenge your problem-solving skills and make you laugh for hours, Portal 2 is the game for you and a friend. Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light If you're a fan of the , you'll love this co-op spin-off title. Unlike the main Tomb Raider games, is focused entirely on cooperative multiplayer action. You and a friend take control of and Totec, a Mayan warrior, as you work together to stop the evil Xolotl and retrieve the Mirror of Smoke. Tomb Raider franchise The Guardian of Light Lara Croft The gives this game an almost arcade-like feel. You'll be navigating trap-filled environments, solving puzzles that require teamwork, and blasting enemies with a variety of weapons. The gameplay is fast-paced but still rewards careful coordination with your partner. If one of you dies, the other has a short window of time to revive them before returning to the last checkpoint. This creates moments of frantic tension that really ramp up the excitement. Some of the puzzles can be quite challenging, but that makes solving them as a team even more rewarding. isometric camera angle The game packs in a lot of variety, with environments ranging from jungle ruins to lava-filled caverns. There are also vehicle sections, where you have to work together to drive and shoot, that provide an extra dose of fun. Like A Way Out, Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light is a delightful co-op experience that shows how much potential this genre has when done right. If you like solving puzzles, navigating obstacles courses, and destroying wave after wave of enemies with a friend, you'll find a lot to love in this title. At around 6-8 hours to complete, it's not too long 😉 but still packs in a ton of entertainment. For any co-op gaming fans, this spin-off comes highly recommended. Conclusion So there you have it, some co-op gaming gems to dive into with a friend. Nothing quite compares to sharing the thrill of victory or the agony of defeat with someone by your side. Now it's your turn - grab a friend, start up one of these co-op games, and make some gaming memories together. This is my first article on something related to gaming. I wish to write more on this though. Thank you for reading. Game on! Also published . here

5 Co-Op Games to Play After Finishing 'A Way Out'

At , we use (specifically Aurora Serverless) for most of our primary database needs. Our application query patterns are mostly small transactions that touch a few rows – a typical scenario that PostgreSQL handles without breaking a sweat. Spacelift PostgreSQL We also use Datadog as a monitoring solution. Their agent has a handy feature to create metrics based on periodically executed SQL queries, allowing us to build smart and highly contextual monitors and alerts. Occasionally, such queries might be slow and dominate the processing time of the database. After hooking up Datadog Database monitoring, we identified a lot of slow queries and moved most of them to a separate Redshift cluster. There they execute once per day on a periodic snapshot of the database. However, a number of these queries need to happen at a more frequent interval as they can detect alertable conditions. We couldn’t move these queries to Redshift because of the staleness of the data there. Aurora Serverless also doesn’t support read replicas to offload analytical queries to them, so no luck there either. Thus, we had to optimize, add indices, optimize, and again optimize until we cut the database usage of these metric-creating queries by 1-2 orders of magnitude. This article will show you one such optimization story, which is interesting because both the before and after query plans will look somewhat ridiculous (in terms of cost). Moreover, it shows how PostgreSQL row count estimation can go very wrong. In this case, domain knowledge will help us trick PostgreSQL into a different query plan which will be waaay faster, without adding any additional indices. Concepts Spacelift is a CI/CD platform specializing in . Users create Runs (executions of, i.e., Terraform) which will be executed on Worker Pools. There is a public shared Worker Pool managed by Spacelift and private Worker Pools that users can host for themselves. Infrastructure as Code Each Run belongs to a Stack, which can be thought of as a single environment, managing a bunch of infrastructure resources. If you know Terraform or CloudFormation, a single Stack maps to a single Terraform state file or a CloudFormation root stack, respectively. A Run can have one of many types: Tracked, Proposed, and others. That type determines what the overall workflow will look like. The Query The query is supposed to notify us when the public Worker Pool cannot handle demand – user Runs are waiting too long to be handled by a Worker. SELECT COUNT(*)                                                                  as "count",
       COALESCE(MAX(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM age(now(), runs.created_at)))::bigint, 0) AS "max_age"
FROM runs
  JOIN stacks ON runs.stack_id = stacks.id
  JOIN worker_pools ON worker_pools.id = stacks.worker_pool_id
  JOIN accounts ON stacks.account_id = accounts.id
WHERE worker_pools.is_public = true
  AND runs.type IN (1, 4)
  AND runs.state = 1
  AND runs.worker_id IS NULL
  AND accounts.max_public_parallelism / 2 > (SELECT COUNT(*)
                                             FROM accounts accounts_other
                                               JOIN stacks stacks_other ON accounts_other.id = stacks_other.account_id
                                               JOIN runs runs_other ON stacks_other.id = runs_other.stack_id
                                             WHERE accounts_other.id = accounts.id
                                               AND (stacks_other.worker_pool_id IS NULL OR
                                                    stacks_other.worker_pool_id = worker_pools.id)
                                               AND runs_other.worker_id IS NOT NULL) That’s a big query! What’s happening here? We’re interested in the number of Runs (as well as the age of the oldest one) which are of the Proposed or Testing type (can be scheduled right away – other Run types require exclusiveness), are in the Queued state (which means they’re not yet being processed) and don’t have a Worker attached to them (are still waiting for one). We only want Runs on Accounts that are far from their parallelism limit to reduce the number of false positives caused by users being correctly limited. So for each Run, we count the number of active Runs on its account and check if it’s under 50% of the parallelism limit, and only then do we count this Run as properly pending. Unfortunately, that query lasts 20 seconds and consumes 50% of our database’s processing time. That’s pretty bad. Let’s optimize! Let’s take a look at the query plan. I’ll be using to visualize query plans. To get the query plan, I’m executing it prefixed with EXPLAIN (FORMAT JSON, ANALYZE) … so we can also see information about the query’s actual execution (ANALYZE). https://explain.dalibo.com What can we see here? On the left side, we’re joining Worker Pools with Stacks. We also calculate the number of active Runs for each Account using the SubPlan. We do a three-way hash join on the (Worker Pool, Stack) tuples, the Accounts, and the SubPlan results based on the Account ID. Then we loop over all those triples and get the pending Runs for each, finally counting all the pending Runs found. The SubPlan goes over all Stacks in an Account, and for each Stack gets the active Runs for it (the ones where worker_id is not NULL). Let’s look at the time distribution of the plan nodes. We can see that the most expensive part of this query is the which looks for Runs whose worker_id is not NULL, so let’s take a closer look at that part of the query plan. Bitmap Index Scan For each Stack in the SubPlan, we look for active Runs on it. How do we do that? We scan the runs_worker_id index for storage pages containing Runs with a non-empty worker_id and the run_stack_id index for the pages containing Runs for the current Stack. Then we these together – we only want pages present in both of these scans. Finally, we scan the actual Runs from the pages and only take the ones that satisfy the predicates (pages found by the index may contain both relevant and irrelevant Runs). AND In a different tab of the left Index Scan, we can see the root of the problem. We made 531358 loops over this, we expected to scan 120 mil Runs over the whole processing of the query here, but we scanned 800 mils. That’s much more. and But later in the Heap Scan of the ed pages, we see a gross overestimation. AND We expected to scan 2 mil rows but scanned 42 overall, which means no Runs were executing on most Stacks at this instant. Overall, it’s mostly this subquery being very expensive: SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM accounts accounts_other
  JOIN stacks stacks_other ON accounts_other.id = stacks_other.account_id
  JOIN runs runs_other ON stacks_other.id = runs_other.stack_id
WHERE accounts_other.id = accounts.id
  AND (stacks_other.worker_pool_id IS NULL OR
       stacks_other.worker_pool_id = worker_pools.id)
  AND runs_other.worker_id IS NOT NULL Now comes the domain knowledge. Is there something we know the optimizer seems not to…? Yes! Only a minuscule part of the Runs in the database are active at any given time. Most Stacks stay dormant most of the time. Whenever a user makes a commit, only the affected Stacks will execute Runs. There will obviously be Stacks that are constantly in use, but most won’t. Moreover, intensive users will usually use private Worker Pools. The public shared Worker Pool is predominantly utilized by smaller users, so that’s another reason for not seeing many Runs here. Right now, we’re iterating over all existing Stacks attached to the public worker pool and getting relevant Runs for each. How about we flipped that? We know there are at most as many active Runs as there are public Workers – orders of magnitude fewer than there are Stacks. Overall active Runs (not just the ones on the public Worker Pool) are also way less numerous, at most as many as there are Workers overall (and since the number of private Workers is the main dimension we currently base our Enterprise tier pricing on, query processing time being linearly correlated with the number of Workers is OK). Thus, we could get all active Runs and filter to just those whose Stack uses the public Worker Pool. The only problem is, we’re working with a fairly opaque query optimizer, and PostgreSQL doesn’t have any way to give hints to it – like forcing a join strategy. So we’ll have to do that differently. We’ll create a query that scans the active Runs and then uses another subquery to filter them to just the ones related to a relevant Stack. Then we’ll have to hope the query is opaque enough for Postgres not to get too clever with it. SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM runs runs_other
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*)
      FROM stacks
      WHERE stacks.id = runs_other.stack_id
        AND stacks.account_id = accounts.id
        AND stacks.worker_pool_id = worker_pools.id) > 0
 AND runs_other.worker_id IS NOT NULL This query does exactly what we described. Scan active Runs, filter to just those with more than 0 Stacks in the current account and connected to the public Worker Pool. There would be either 1 or 0 such Stacks for each Run. Executing this query, we That’s a improvement. What does the query plan say? (apologies for the long vertical picture) get down to 100ms instead of the original 20s. vast Exactly what we wanted! It scans active Runs, and for each of them, checks (using a primary key index lookup – fast!) whether the Stack it belongs to is relevant. That’s it! The whole optimized query now looks like this: SELECT COUNT(*)                                                                  as "count",
       COALESCE(MAX(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM age(now(), runs.created_at)))::bigint, 0) AS "max_age"
FROM runs
  JOIN stacks ON runs.stack_id = stacks.id
  JOIN worker_pools ON worker_pools.id = stacks.worker_pool_id
  JOIN accounts ON stacks.account_id = accounts.id
WHERE worker_pools.is_public = true
  AND runs.type IN (1, 4)
  AND runs.state = 1
  AND runs.worker_id IS NULL
  AND accounts.max_public_parallelism / 2 > (SELECT COUNT(*)
                                             FROM runs runs_other
                                             WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*)
                                                    FROM stacks
                                                    WHERE stacks.id = runs_other.stack_id
                                                      AND stacks.account_id = accounts.id
                                                      AND stacks.worker_pool_id = worker_pools.id) > 0
                                               AND runs_other.worker_id IS NOT NULL) Summary Thanks for reading! The moral of this story is that query plans aren’t that hard to interpret with the right tools. Using your domain knowledge, you can rewrite your queries to achieve substantial performance boosts without adding unnecessary indices or denormalizing the data model. First Published here

Finessing Postgres into an Insane 200x Faster Query Plan

In my Medium ‘stories’ section, I have a list of topics I would like to write on… These have emerged from experiences, interactions, observations etc…generally ideas I think will make for interesting reading. But you know what — many still remain titles, waiting to be expounded upon, finished and published. So it made me wonder is this a tech issue or a mind issue? Are all these features on websites making us conveniently lazy — where we don’t feel the need to finish what we started — or is it just our mind — with shrinking attention spans, flitting from one topic to the next without much focus. As much as I love technology, and believe it hugely enhances the creative and thinking process, I sometimes feel I’m moving from one thought/idea to the other, like I would in a buffet counter at a wedding… I seem to be taking a bit of each dish onto my plate, but not really tasting any. The act of creation, thanks to our many devices, is now becoming more an act of consumption… We are lured by this duty-free store to keep moving from one open tab to another, to read more, watch more, correspond more…all eventually stalling the creative process. What’s more the devices too have increased, you can now move between conversations on your phone, to working on your laptop, to reading more on your reader. The only way out then is a digital detox… To actively shut down open windows that you are not reading, to delete ideas that you will not take to completion… To essentially create more white space in your mind and gadget. If you’re a design enthusiast, you know the importance of ‘white space’ — that space on the page/canvas that actually highlights the other colours. It’s also referred to as ‘blank space’ or ‘negative space’, the need to leave some space empty so as to contrast it with the other elements of design. It’s essential that as human beings and creators, we end what we start… Or else, we will feel a sense of incompleteness, of having some unfinished business, of coming back to something…but knowing it’s no longer the same, as it doesn’t hold our interest anymore. As writers, the biggest strength is to be able to take an idea to finish when you think of it… Because that’s when it flows best, that’s when your pen moves faster than it ever would, and that’s the only time it will be unique. At the most your story won’t be that great, but at least it would have got out of your system… And it will be out there, for the world to interpret in any which way it likes. Anything creative is essentially spontaneous… A momentary spurt that emerges from the mind of the creator… Thus, to capture its essence you have to be quick, like the camera waiting for that perfect moment when the animal goes in for the kill, or when the sunset gets that perfect shade of orange… It’s not going to come back to you again — definitely not in the same form — so focus on it till you finish. Also, let technology enable your creative process, not disable it…Use it’s features to help you draft and save, but don’t allow it to make you a sluggish slave, one who depends on it do the work. Those titles sitting in my unpublished folder are definitely not going to write themselves… I’m going to have to work on them and take them to their rightful conclusions…like I did today with this blog. As writers and creators, our creative licences are many, but our excuses can be none… Thus, no matter what technology gives us or doesn’t, our primary motive is to express, and express ourselves to the fullest. _Thanks for taking time out to read my post. If you like my blog, you can… PS: Leave a comment Press the ❤ button and recommend it Share it with your network Follow me for future posts_

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Everyone has issues with some member of their family at some point in their lives. It is not an ideal situation for anyone, and it takes more away from you than the situation itself is worth. Some of us have the foresight to see the issue and are able to address them before it gets worse. Then there are others who let past situations define their future with their loved ones and it ends in regret and sadness. This Father’s Day has come and gone, and this is the first Father’s Day I have had without a father. It’s also the first Father’s Day that I have thought of others who do not have a father and the struggles that they have. There are a lot of people in the world who are missing out on the knowledge and wisdom passed down from father to son. This article is from me to you as a gift for this year’s Father’s Day. I will share with you what I was taught as a child and how it helped shape me into the man I am today. “You only have one shot, and you better make it count”. One of our family traditions is hunting. I am one of kids that went to grandma’s house with the living room full of deer head trophies. I am sure there are a lot of you out there that have the same family decorations. Most of them belonged to my grandfather. He was a WWI veteran and an expert marksman. Every time he picked up a firearm, I would stop whatever I was doing and watch in amazement. I was a kid and really didn’t know much about firearms, but I knew I wanted to be just like him. The day came that I got my “shot”. I was a teenager and was able to participate in hunting for the first time. My grandfather bought me a single shot 12 gauge to practice with and eventually hunt with. I just had to get my grandfather’s approval after proving I was going to be safe. This was also followed by going to a firearms course and getting a permit. This involved many days of target practice and black and blue shoulder pain. After finishing my class and getting my permit, my grandfather agreed to take me hunting with him in the morning. This was a big moment for me as a kid and as an adult now. I loved my grandfather and him inviting me to something was an amazing feeling. Morning came and my grandmother woke me up. I put on all my clothes and my boots. I went into the kitchen and my grandpa was sitting at the table dressed and ready. We sat for a few minutes, but he didn’t waste any time and we got ready to head out for our first hunt. We rode into the darkness of morning till we reached the tree stand. My grandfather wanted me to have his tree stand for my first hunt. His tree stand was considered to be the “Cadillac” to my family members. He watched me climb up the tree stand and get settled in. He gave me a Snickers bar if I got hungry and he gave me one bullet. I asked him if I needed more because one didn’t seem like enough. He replied, “You only need one bullet, and you better make it count”. Needless to say, I hunted for 4 years and never killed anything. I just wasn’t good at it and really didn’t like sitting in the woods when I could have been doing exciting things. The one bullet speech never left my mind. I used it later in my life when it came to jobs, life and opportunities. The jest of it is, if something great happens in your life, go for it and don’t look back. “You only have one shot, and you better make it count”. “Return it better than when you borrowed it”. I followed my grandpa everywhere he went. He owned a 91-acre farm that was passed down from the Great Depression. It was a small farm that consisted of cows, pigs, ducks, geese, rabbits and dogs. It kept him very busy, and he loved and lived the family farm. The day came that my grandpa let me work with him in his workshop. His workshop was full of all kind’s tools and retro memorabilia from the 40’s and on. He had an old metal fridge that was full of nuts and bolts and other items. He had a wood stove that would keep the place warm when the winters came. It was a sacred place to the family and being invited in was a blessing to anyone he asked. He was working on something that had broken and asked me to help. I was really excited and couldn’t wait to get started. I also did not have a clue what I was doing. He showed me all the tools and what was going to be needed to fix what was broken. I watched with amazement of every turn of a wrench and every move my grandpa would make. I also didn’t repeat any word he ever said in the shop. When we finished, he asked me to put back all the tools. He didn’t tell me where they go because he wanted me to become familiar with what tools look like and what they go with. As I placed a wrench on a shelf, he stopped me. He said, “Do you see how this wrench looks?”. I said yes, its dirty. He says, “Anytime you borrow something, return it better than when you borrowed it”. He then cleans the wrench and places it back on the shelf. He was never mean or upset when it came to lessons, and I was always wanting to learn more. Recently, a neighbor told me to borrow his zero-turn mower when it came to mowing my yard. He wanted to help me from roasting in the sun when it came time to mow. I own a lot and a half and have two children. An hour outside while my wife is watching kids can be a very long time for a person. Especially when one of them is Autistic. 😂 I took him up on his offer and mowed my yard in under 40 minutes. It made my life so much easier, and I was very thankful for him. Once I was done with the yard, I washed and dried the mower and returned it. My neighbor was shocked that I took the time to wash his mower. I replied that my grandfather taught me “Return it better than when you borrowed it”. I have never forgot this important lesson and always try to practice it when I can. When life brings you situations like this, always apply it and it will be returned to you in full. “Talk is cheap, whiskey costs money”. When I was a teenager, I was able to keep up with my grandpa. I was able to farm with him as well as walks, gardening, shooting and anything he wanted. Things were getting fun for me because he always saw me as an equal. Every once and a while, I would challenge him to a shooting contest with an old Coke can. Just like they did in the old John Wayne movies…without coke. He loved John Wayne films and anything cowboy. I placed the coke can on a post and walked away. I said you only get one shot to knock the can off the post and you win. We took a few paces back and got ready. I said I was going to win, and I was going to brag about it all day. He said, “Talk is cheap, whiskey costs money”. I didn’t know what that meant at the time. I was the first to shoot and missed. When it came to grandpas turn, it took one shot, and it was over. In life you are going to be faced with many decisions that will challenge you. Be ready to stand by your word and try your best. A man is only as good as his word. Even if you fail at trying, you at least have to show up and try. I hope that these brief memories help and guide you this Father’s Day. Know that you are loved and are needed and people like you. Always love your family through everything. Be the person that is there no matter what happens in life and pay attention to the lessons taught. You never know when your last lesson will be. All the best. Everyone has issues with some member of their family at some point in their lives. It is not an ideal situation for anyone, and it takes more away from you than the situation itself is worth. Some of us have the foresight to see the issue and are able to address them before it gets worse. Then there are others who let past situations define their future with their loved ones and it ends in regret and sadness. This Father’s Day has come and gone, and this is the first Father’s Day I have had without a father. It’s also the first Father’s Day that I have thought of others who do not have a father and the struggles that they have. There are a lot of people in the world who are missing out on the knowledge and wisdom passed down from father to son. This article is from me to you as a gift for this year’s Father’s Day. I will share with you what I was taught as a child and how it helped shape me into the man I am today. “You only have one shot, and you better make it count”. One of our family traditions is hunting. I am one of kids that went to grandma’s house with the living room full of deer head trophies. I am sure there are a lot of you out there that have the same family decorations. Most of them belonged to my grandfather. He was a WWI veteran and an expert marksman. Every time he picked up a firearm, I would stop whatever I was doing and watch in amazement. I was a kid and really didn’t know much about firearms, but I knew I wanted to be just like him. The day came that I got my “shot”. I was a teenager and was able to participate in hunting for the first time. My grandfather bought me a single shot 12 gauge to practice with and eventually hunt with. I just had to get my grandfather’s approval after proving I was going to be safe. This was also followed by going to a firearms course and getting a permit. This involved many days of target practice and black and blue shoulder pain. After finishing my class and getting my permit, my grandfather agreed to take me hunting with him in the morning. This was a big moment for me as a kid and as an adult now. I loved my grandfather and him inviting me to something was an amazing feeling. Morning came and my grandmother woke me up. I put on all my clothes and my boots. I went into the kitchen and my grandpa was sitting at the table dressed and ready. We sat for a few minutes, but he didn’t waste any time and we got ready to head out for our first hunt. We rode into the darkness of morning till we reached the tree stand. My grandfather wanted me to have his tree stand for my first hunt. His tree stand was considered to be the “Cadillac” to my family members. He watched me climb up the tree stand and get settled in. He gave me a Snickers bar if I got hungry and he gave me one bullet. I asked him if I needed more because one didn’t seem like enough. He replied, “You only need one bullet, and you better make it count”. Needless to say, I hunted for 4 years and never killed anything. I just wasn’t good at it and really didn’t like sitting in the woods when I could have been doing exciting things. The one bullet speech never left my mind. I used it later in my life when it came to jobs, life and opportunities. The jest of it is, if something great happens in your life, go for it and don’t look back. “You only have one shot, and you better make it count”. “Return it better than when you borrowed it”. I followed my grandpa everywhere he went. He owned a 91-acre farm that was passed down from the Great Depression. It was a small farm that consisted of cows, pigs, ducks, geese, rabbits and dogs. It kept him very busy, and he loved and lived the family farm. The day came that my grandpa let me work with him in his workshop. His workshop was full of all kind’s tools and retro memorabilia from the 40’s and on. He had an old metal fridge that was full of nuts and bolts and other items. He had a wood stove that would keep the place warm when the winters came. It was a sacred place to the family and being invited in was a blessing to anyone he asked. He was working on something that had broken and asked me to help. I was really excited and couldn’t wait to get started. I also did not have a clue what I was doing. He showed me all the tools and what was going to be needed to fix what was broken. I watched with amazement of every turn of a wrench and every move my grandpa would make. I also didn’t repeat any word he ever said in the shop. When we finished, he asked me to put back all the tools. He didn’t tell me where they go because he wanted me to become familiar with what tools look like and what they go with. As I placed a wrench on a shelf, he stopped me. He said, “Do you see how this wrench looks?”. I said yes, its dirty. He says, “Anytime you borrow something, return it better than when you borrowed it”. He then cleans the wrench and places it back on the shelf. He was never mean or upset when it came to lessons, and I was always wanting to learn more. Recently, a neighbor told me to borrow his zero-turn mower when it came to mowing my yard. He wanted to help me from roasting in the sun when it came time to mow. I own a lot and a half and have two children. An hour outside while my wife is watching kids can be a very long time for a person. Especially when one of them is Autistic. 😂 I took him up on his offer and mowed my yard in under 40 minutes. It made my life so much easier, and I was very thankful for him. Once I was done with the yard, I washed and dried the mower and returned it. My neighbor was shocked that I took the time to wash his mower. I replied that my grandfather taught me “Return it better than when you borrowed it”. I have never forgot this important lesson and always try to practice it when I can. When life brings you situations like this, always apply it and it will be returned to you in full. “Talk is cheap, whiskey costs money”. When I was a teenager, I was able to keep up with my grandpa. I was able to farm with him as well as walks, gardening, shooting and anything he wanted. Things were getting fun for me because he always saw me as an equal. Every once and a while, I would challenge him to a shooting contest with an old Coke can. Just like they did in the old John Wayne movies…without coke. He loved John Wayne films and anything cowboy. I placed the coke can on a post and walked away. I said you only get one shot to knock the can off the post and you win. We took a few paces back and got ready. I said I was going to win, and I was going to brag about it all day. He said, “Talk is cheap, whiskey costs money”. I didn’t know what that meant at the time. I was the first to shoot and missed. When it came to grandpas turn, it took one shot, and it was over. In life you are going to be faced with many decisions that will challenge you. Be ready to stand by your word and try your best. A man is only as good as his word. Even if you fail at trying, you at least have to show up and try. I hope that these brief memories help and guide you this Father’s Day. Know that you are loved and are needed and people like you. Always love your family through everything. Be the person that is there no matter what happens in life and pay attention to the lessons taught. You never know when your last lesson will be. All the best.

Dear Dad.

Kirill, 33 years old, iOS developer, never worked as a programmer, income from programming: 0. So, why read this message? I created my own VPN application for iOS – both backend and frontend. Currently, the app is available on the App Store, translated into 53 languages, and has 127 ratings worldwide. I want to tell you about a different way to earn money in IT: without experience in IT (and working in a team)
without despised (by me) interviews Let's start. Background: I worked and am still working in a company not related to programming. By the end of my 29th year, I changed jobs but suddenly realized that I didn't want to spend my life on jobs that irritated me, so I decided to try IT. I almost immediately realized that I wanted to study iOS -> Swift because the iPhone is always at hand, so developing applications for myself seemed like a cool idea. In 3.5 years of studying to become an iOS developer (with an 11-month break), I encountered 4 mentors, the last of whom was Anton Nazarov. His sale of "successful success" with the response "for real" seemed convincing to me. For 8 months, he helped me study UIKit, and we wrote a test app together. In my opinion, this experience became a decisive factor in my further path, for which I am immensely grateful to him. After finishing my lessons with the mentor, I started looking for my first interview. After composing a resume (together with Anton, in advance), I spent 3 days looking for a job, sending around 500 applications. Guess how many interview invitations I received? Correct, 0. After that, I decided, "screw it, I'll come up with a project and implement it myself." This is where the most interesting part began. From idea to today. In 5 days, I chose the theme of the application - a VPN app based on the modern WireGuard protocol. In 1 month, I was able to launch a WireGuard VPN tunnel on my physical device, i.e., the app worked as a full-fledged VPN. In 3 months, the backend on Swift with a database and the application itself (client part/front end) was ready. In 5 months, I managed to open a developer account as an individual (in Russia), but it turned out that publishing VPNs is ONLY available to legal entities. I had to "find" a legal entity and open a developer account on it. After that, the first version of the app was published on the App Store. In 7 months, I talked to one of my mentors (another mentor, not from Russia), and he suggested I change the design. The design was indeed terrible; it’s much better now, though still far from ideal. And so, a year has passed. The quality of the app has grown significantly. Servers have become much better and faster, the app is translated into 53 languages, and obfuscation (masking from blocks) has been implemented, which works excellently even with mobile operators. In recent months, I haven't received any negative reviews (they can be sent directly in the app under "Problem?"). Currently, a new company (foreign) has been registered to enable in-app purchases from Apple, but until this is done, the app is completely free. My workday. 07:00 - woke up, took a bath, ate, and took the child to kindergarten 09:30 - meeting with a colleague at work, which means work has begun 15:00 - 18:00 - pick up the child from kindergarten, the main job ends, and I can finally start my favorite job 19:00 - by this time, I've usually eaten and rested for an hour, then I start thinking about what to do today, what I feel like doing at the moment. It can be anything: finding new countries for VPN (including analyzing censorship in each country)
coming up with new features (new function, button, adding servers)
planning a new design
fixing bugs
analyzing countries with high censorship to translate the app into those languages
optimizing the iOS app (ASO) in the App Store (like SEO for the App Store)
creating a promotional video for the VPN
writing an article (like this one) to expand the app's audience
responding to user reviews/problems (rarely)
legal issues related to the company, bank account, developer account, server payments, etc.
setting up servers/writing Bash scripts together with "chat" for quick deployment 00:00 - finish the "main" work for/about the app and go to rest (e.g., read Habr, ask ChatGPT questions) 01:00 - go to bed Why Did I Choose a VPN? Surprisingly, creating a VPN application turned out to be much easier than I imagined, especially when you have an amazing assistant-mentor ChatGPT Plus. How would I recommend starting your path in iOS development?
Step 1: Vasily Usov's book (part 1, didn't like the second part) + all the free courses on the internet - study in parallel Step 2: Mentor, mentor, and mentor again. Do a test project with them on UIKit or even just SwiftUI. Ideally, the mentor should be a senior (up to 20k/month, no more). Step 3: Get a paid subscription to ChatGPT - this technology is like the internet and bitcoin - the future is behind them. The chat will become your best friend-mentor, cooler than Google. In 1-2 years of smooth learning (combined with your main job), you can go for interviews or come up with your startup/product, as I did. Main Conclusions of the Training: I'm not stupid - studying is really EXTREMELY hard (daily psychological struggle with yourself). Without a mentor, it's impossible to understand some things (everyone has their own). While making the VPN, I was also looking for interviews/jobs - I haven't encountered a more nasty market (and I bought cars from unofficial dealers). First, you need to understand the basics (the language itself + how to make a UI + OOP) - you will understand everything else from articles and ChatGPT Plus (without a mentor anymore) Find an app in the App Store that you would like to make, find this app on Sensor Tower, and see how much it brings the authors monthly - be amazed - start making your version of this app. While writing the app, I thought that in the process, I could get a job as a programmer, but that didn’t happen. Now that I've made my product from 0 to 1, I ask myself: "Why should I sell my time working on other people's products, given that I have a main job (as insurance), now I'm my own boss, and I have an app in the App Store?" While I was striving to work for someone else, I didn't notice how I created my startup. Advertising my app. iVPN is a VPN application for iPhone, iPad, and Mac (with M-series processors). https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/ivpn/id6469724902 The app requires no registration, no ads, and is currently completely free. In the future, I plan to charge $2/month. Special thanks to everyone who read this article and to those who will rate it 5 stars in the App Store 🙂 Kirill, 33 years old, iOS developer, never worked as a programmer, income from programming: 0. So, why read this message? I created my own VPN application for iOS – both backend and frontend. Currently, the app is available on the App Store, translated into 53 languages, and has 127 ratings worldwide. I want to tell you about a different way to earn money in IT: without experience in IT (and working in a team) without despised (by me) interviews without experience in IT (and working in a team) without despised (by me) interviews Let's start. Background: I worked and am still working in a company not related to programming. By the end of my 29th year, I changed jobs but suddenly realized that I didn't want to spend my life on jobs that irritated me, so I decided to try IT. I almost immediately realized that I wanted to study iOS -> Swift because the iPhone is always at hand, so developing applications for myself seemed like a cool idea. In 3.5 years of studying to become an iOS developer (with an 11-month break), I encountered 4 mentors, the last of whom was Anton Nazarov. His sale of "successful success" with the response "for real" seemed convincing to me. For 8 months, he helped me study UIKit, and we wrote a test app together. In my opinion, this experience became a decisive factor in my further path, for which I am immensely grateful to him. After finishing my lessons with the mentor, I started looking for my first interview. After composing a resume (together with Anton, in advance), I spent 3 days looking for a job, sending around 500 applications. Guess how many interview invitations I received? Correct, 0. After that, I decided, "screw it, I'll come up with a project and implement it myself." This is where the most interesting part began. From idea to today. In 5 days, I chose the theme of the application - a VPN app based on the modern WireGuard protocol. In 5 days, I chose the theme of the application - a VPN app based on the modern WireGuard protocol. In 1 month, I was able to launch a WireGuard VPN tunnel on my physical device, i.e., the app worked as a full-fledged VPN. In 1 month, I was able to launch a WireGuard VPN tunnel on my physical device, i.e., the app worked as a full-fledged VPN. In 3 months, the backend on Swift with a database and the application itself (client part/front end) was ready. In 3 months, the backend on Swift with a database and the application itself (client part/front end) was ready. In 5 months, I managed to open a developer account as an individual (in Russia), but it turned out that publishing VPNs is ONLY available to legal entities. I had to "find" a legal entity and open a developer account on it. After that, the first version of the app was published on the App Store. In 5 months, I managed to open a developer account as an individual (in Russia), but it turned out that publishing VPNs is ONLY available to legal entities. I had to "find" a legal entity and open a developer account on it. After that, the first version of the app was published on the App Store. In 7 months, I talked to one of my mentors (another mentor, not from Russia), and he suggested I change the design. The design was indeed terrible; it’s much better now, though still far from ideal. In 7 months, I talked to one of my mentors (another mentor, not from Russia), and he suggested I change the design. The design was indeed terrible; it’s much better now, though still far from ideal. And so, a year has passed. The quality of the app has grown significantly. Servers have become much better and faster, the app is translated into 53 languages, and obfuscation (masking from blocks) has been implemented, which works excellently even with mobile operators. In recent months, I haven't received any negative reviews (they can be sent directly in the app under "Problem?"). Currently, a new company (foreign) has been registered to enable in-app purchases from Apple, but until this is done, the app is completely free. My workday. 07:00 - woke up, took a bath, ate, and took the child to kindergarten 09:30 - meeting with a colleague at work, which means work has begun 15:00 - 18:00 - pick up the child from kindergarten, the main job ends, and I can finally start my favorite job 19:00 - by this time, I've usually eaten and rested for an hour, then I start thinking about what to do today, what I feel like doing at the moment. It can be anything: finding new countries for VPN (including analyzing censorship in each country) coming up with new features (new function, button, adding servers) planning a new design fixing bugs analyzing countries with high censorship to translate the app into those languages optimizing the iOS app (ASO) in the App Store (like SEO for the App Store) creating a promotional video for the VPN writing an article (like this one) to expand the app's audience responding to user reviews/problems (rarely) legal issues related to the company, bank account, developer account, server payments, etc. setting up servers/writing Bash scripts together with "chat" for quick deployment finding new countries for VPN (including analyzing censorship in each country) coming up with new features (new function, button, adding servers) planning a new design fixing bugs analyzing countries with high censorship to translate the app into those languages optimizing the iOS app (ASO) in the App Store (like SEO for the App Store) creating a promotional video for the VPN writing an article (like this one) to expand the app's audience responding to user reviews/problems (rarely) legal issues related to the company, bank account, developer account, server payments, etc. setting up servers/writing Bash scripts together with "chat" for quick deployment 00:00 - finish the "main" work for/about the app and go to rest (e.g., read Habr, ask ChatGPT questions) 01:00 - go to bed Why Did I Choose a VPN? Surprisingly, creating a VPN application turned out to be much easier than I imagined, especially when you have an amazing assistant-mentor ChatGPT Plus. How would I recommend starting your path in iOS development?
Step 1: Vasily Usov's book (part 1, didn't like the second part) + all the free courses on the internet - study in parallel Step 2: Mentor, mentor, and mentor again. Do a test project with them on UIKit or even just SwiftUI. Ideally, the mentor should be a senior (up to 20k/month, no more). Step 3: Get a paid subscription to ChatGPT - this technology is like the internet and bitcoin - the future is behind them. The chat will become your best friend-mentor, cooler than Google. In 1-2 years of smooth learning (combined with your main job), you can go for interviews or come up with your startup/product, as I did. Main Conclusions of the Training: I'm not stupid - studying is really EXTREMELY hard (daily psychological struggle with yourself). I'm not stupid - studying is really EXTREMELY hard (daily psychological struggle with yourself). Without a mentor, it's impossible to understand some things (everyone has their own). Without a mentor, it's impossible to understand some things (everyone has their own). While making the VPN, I was also looking for interviews/jobs - I haven't encountered a more nasty market (and I bought cars from unofficial dealers). While making the VPN, I was also looking for interviews/jobs - I haven't encountered a more nasty market (and I bought cars from unofficial dealers). First, you need to understand the basics (the language itself + how to make a UI + OOP) - you will understand everything else from articles and ChatGPT Plus (without a mentor anymore) First, you need to understand the basics (the language itself + how to make a UI + OOP) - you will understand everything else from articles and ChatGPT Plus (without a mentor anymore) Find an app in the App Store that you would like to make, find this app on Sensor Tower, and see how much it brings the authors monthly - be amazed - start making your version of this app. Find an app in the App Store that you would like to make, find this app on Sensor Tower, and see how much it brings the authors monthly - be amazed - start making your version of this app. While writing the app, I thought that in the process, I could get a job as a programmer, but that didn’t happen. Now that I've made my product from 0 to 1, I ask myself: "Why should I sell my time working on other people's products, given that I have a main job (as insurance), now I'm my own boss, and I have an app in the App Store?" While writing the app, I thought that in the process, I could get a job as a programmer, but that didn’t happen. Now that I've made my product from 0 to 1, I ask myself: "Why should I sell my time working on other people's products, given that I have a main job (as insurance), now I'm my own boss, and I have an app in the App Store?" While I was striving to work for someone else, I didn't notice how I created my startup. While I was striving to work for someone else, I didn't notice how I created my startup. Advertising my app. iVPN is a VPN application for iPhone, iPad, and Mac (with M-series processors). https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/ivpn/id6469724902 https://apps.apple.com/ru/app/ivpn/id6469724902 The app requires no registration, no ads, and is currently completely free. In the future, I plan to charge $2/month. Special thanks to everyone who read this article and to those who will rate it 5 stars in the App Store 🙂

How to Become an iOS Developer and Start Your Own Business

Making Progress on My Site, Art & Culture

In recent years, AI has significantly impacted various industries through innovative applications and automated solutions. One area seeing growth in AI utilization is writing and education, where new tools are helping users generate and refine written work more efficiently. Among the many AI-enabled writing assistants now available is EssayWriter, a leading web-based platform focusing on streamlining the essay creation process. With a range of customizable features, EssayWriter aims to aid students, researchers, and writers of any experience level in crafting high-quality essays and research papers. This review examines EssayWriter's offerings, analyzing its core functions, ease of use, and overall effectiveness as an AI-powered writing assistant. What Is EssayWriter EssayWriter is designed to be a one-stop essay writing partner, offering a full range of AI tools to assist with every step of essay creation. Whether you're brainstorming ideas, drafting initial content, researching relevant sources, citing materials properly, or putting finishing touches on your work, EssayWriter strives to simplify and speed up the writing process. EssayWriter also comes with a convenient web-based editor that acts as a workspace for all composition and revision tasks. Within this digital workspace, users are equipped with an array of AI-powered writing aids. Features like automatic content recommendations, plagiarism scanning, and a built-in database of academic sources simplify conducting research and citations. What Can EssayWriter Do? Let's examine the core essay writing and editing features of EssayWriter Intelligent Writing Support At the core of EssayWriter's value is its AI-driven writing assistance. Powered by advanced natural language models like GPT-3.5/4, the platform's smart essay crafting tools aim to help users brainstorm ideas, create outline, and draft content. EssayWriter as a virtual writing partner, offering advice and pointers based on a user's requirements as well as the overall essay topic and context. For those experiencing writer's block or looking to enhance flow, logic, and adherence to style guidelines, this feature delivers automated writing support "over the shoulder." Humanized Essays with High Human Scores EssayWriter offers the ability to generate content that reads as though entirely written by a human writer, bypassing all AI detection tools. This provides an option for students wanting results their institution will accept without flagging as AI-assisted. Whether crafting from scratch or refining existing drafts, users can be confident the platform's writing style will appear organic. Simplified Research and Citation Integral to EssayWriter is its expansive academic resource library, designed to streamline researching and citing from materials across multiple topics and fields. With a single click, you can access the database directly within the writing interface to find and effortlessly cite applicable sources using common styles like APA, MLA, and Chicago. Safeguarding from Accidental Plagiarism Preventing plagiarism stands out as another key EssayWriter capability. As the essay takes shape, the built-in plagiarism scanner monitors for potential instances of copying or not properly attributing outside information. This helps safeguard users from accidental plagiarism and provides suggestions to properly cite or rephrase any flagged content, ensuring academic honesty is maintained. Abundant Essay Examples EssayWriter also offers an extensive library of essay examples. This vast collection serves as an invaluable resource for users, enabling them to draw inspiration, learn from well-structured examples, and understand different writing styles. Whether you're working on a narrative, argumentative, descriptive, or expository essay, EssayWriter's comprehensive library has got you covered. Utilizing EssayWriter: A Simple and Natural Workflow EssayWriter is an easy-to-use platform. Once you've set up a free account, you can dive right into the online editor and kickstart your writing endeavor. Creating the Draft: You can begin by drafting your essay in the editor. Feel free to type away or use the AI writing assistant to spark ideas and provide text suggestions.
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Dependence on AI: Over reliance on the AI writing assistance could potentially hamper the growth of critical thinking and independent writing skills. Wrapping Up EssayWriter stands out with its extensive toolset, academic focus, and advanced AI models. However, it's crucial to be aware of its potential limitations, such as the inherent constraints of AI technology and the risk of becoming too dependent on the writing assistant. In the end, EssayWriter offers a promising solution for those looking to streamline their essay writing process and harness the power of AI to boost their writing skills and productivity. But it's vital to use the platform wisely, enhancing and supporting your own critical thinking and writing abilities instead of overusing AI assistance. In recent years, AI has significantly impacted various industries through innovative applications and automated solutions. One area seeing growth in AI utilization is writing and education, where new tools are helping users generate and refine written work more efficiently. Among the many AI-enabled writing assistants now available is EssayWriter, a leading web-based platform focusing on streamlining the essay creation process. With a range of customizable features, EssayWriter aims to aid students, researchers, and writers of any experience level in crafting high-quality essays and research papers. This review examines EssayWriter's offerings, analyzing its core functions, ease of use, and overall effectiveness as an AI-powered writing assistant. What Is EssayWriter EssayWriter is designed to be a one-stop essay writing partner, offering a full range of AI tools to assist with every step of essay creation. Whether you're brainstorming ideas, drafting initial content, researching relevant sources, citing materials properly, or putting finishing touches on your work, EssayWriter strives to simplify and speed up the writing process. EssayWriter EssayWriter EssayWriter also comes with a convenient web-based editor that acts as a workspace for all composition and revision tasks. Within this digital workspace, users are equipped with an array of AI-powered writing aids. Features like automatic content recommendations, plagiarism scanning, and a built-in database of academic sources simplify conducting research and citations. What Can EssayWriter Do? Let's examine the core essay writing and editing features of EssayWriter Intelligent Writing Support At the core of EssayWriter's value is its AI-driven writing assistance. Powered by advanced natural language models like GPT-3.5/4, the platform's smart essay crafting tools aim to help users brainstorm ideas, create outline, and draft content. EssayWriter as a virtual writing partner, offering advice and pointers based on a user's requirements as well as the overall essay topic and context. For those experiencing writer's block or looking to enhance flow, logic, and adherence to style guidelines, this feature delivers automated writing support "over the shoulder." Humanized Essays with High Human Scores EssayWriter offers the ability to generate content that reads as though entirely written by a human writer, bypassing all AI detection tools. This provides an option for students wanting results their institution will accept without flagging as AI-assisted. Whether crafting from scratch or refining existing drafts, users can be confident the platform's writing style will appear organic. Simplified Research and Citation Integral to EssayWriter is its expansive academic resource library, designed to streamline researching and citing from materials across multiple topics and fields. With a single click, you can access the database directly within the writing interface to find and effortlessly cite applicable sources using common styles like APA, MLA, and Chicago. Safeguarding from Accidental Plagiarism Preventing plagiarism stands out as another key EssayWriter capability. As the essay takes shape, the built-in plagiarism scanner monitors for potential instances of copying or not properly attributing outside information. This helps safeguard users from accidental plagiarism and provides suggestions to properly cite or rephrase any flagged content, ensuring academic honesty is maintained. Abundant Essay Examples EssayWriter also offers an extensive library of essay examples . This vast collection serves as an invaluable resource for users, enabling them to draw inspiration, learn from well-structured examples, and understand different writing styles. Whether you're working on a narrative, argumentative, descriptive, or expository essay, EssayWriter's comprehensive library has got you covered. extensive library of essay examples extensive library of essay examples Utilizing EssayWriter: A Simple and Natural Workflow EssayWriter is an easy-to-use platform. Once you've set up a free account, you can dive right into the online editor and kickstart your writing endeavor. Creating the Draft: You can begin by drafting your essay in the editor. Feel free to type away or use the AI writing assistant to spark ideas and provide text suggestions. Research and Citation: While you're writing, you can effortlessly search for and cite relevant sources from EssayWriter's built-in academic database. The citation generator will ensure your references are correctly formatted. Polishing Your Work: After your initial draft is ready, you can use EssayWriter's AI editing tools to enhance grammar, structure, and overall quality. The plagiarism detection feature will help spot and rectify any accidental plagiarism. Sharing Your Work: Once you're pleased with your essay, you can export the final document in a variety of formats like PDF or DOC and share it as you wish. Creating the Draft: You can begin by drafting your essay in the editor. Feel free to type away or use the AI writing assistant to spark ideas and provide text suggestions. Research and Citation: While you're writing, you can effortlessly search for and cite relevant sources from EssayWriter's built-in academic database. The citation generator will ensure your references are correctly formatted. Polishing Your Work: After your initial draft is ready, you can use EssayWriter's AI editing tools to enhance grammar, structure, and overall quality. The plagiarism detection feature will help spot and rectify any accidental plagiarism. Sharing Your Work: Once you're pleased with your essay, you can export the final document in a variety of formats like PDF or DOC and share it as you wish. What Sets EssayWriter Apart? There are a handful of AI writing assistants out there, but here's how EssayWriter stands out: All-In-One Toolset: EssayWriter provides an extensive suite of tools that covers the entire essay writing process. From brainstorming to research, citation, editing, and plagiarism detection, this integrated approach simplifies the workflow and removes the need for several separate tools. Tailored for Academics: EssayWriter is crafted specifically for academic writing. Its features and resources are designed to cater to the needs of students, researchers, and scholars. Cutting-Edge AI Models: EssayWriter uses top-tier language models like GPT-3.5/4, making its AI writing assistance more advanced and capable of producing superior content compared to many other AI writing tools.\ User-Friendly Design: The platform's sleek and intuitive interface is user-friendly for all skill levels, reducing the learning curve and enabling a seamless writing experience. Privacy and Security: EssayWriter highly values user privacy and security. It uses advanced encryption to safeguard personal information and written content. EssayWriter's Possible Drawbacks Despite its advanced AI, integrated research tools, plagiarism detection, and a user-friendly interface, it's important to know EssayWriter has a few potential downsides: AI Capabilities: While the AI behind EssayWriter is advanced, it might struggle with understanding extremely complex or specific topics or creating highly specialized content. Subscription Model: EssayWriter does offer a free plan, but you might need to consider a paid subscription to unlock all its features and fully utilize the platform. Dependence on AI: Over reliance on the AI writing assistance could potentially hamper the growth of critical thinking and independent writing skills. AI Capabilities: While the AI behind EssayWriter is advanced, it might struggle with understanding extremely complex or specific topics or creating highly specialized content. Subscription Model: EssayWriter does offer a free plan, but you might need to consider a paid subscription to unlock all its features and fully utilize the platform. Dependence on AI: Over reliance on the AI writing assistance could potentially hamper the growth of critical thinking and independent writing skills. Wrapping Up EssayWriter stands out with its extensive toolset, academic focus, and advanced AI models. However, it's crucial to be aware of its potential limitations, such as the inherent constraints of AI technology and the risk of becoming too dependent on the writing assistant. In the end, EssayWriter offers a promising solution for those looking to streamline their essay writing process and harness the power of AI to boost their writing skills and productivity. But it's vital to use the platform wisely, enhancing and supporting your own critical thinking and writing abilities instead of overusing AI assistance.

EssayWriter Review: A Careful Examination of The AI Essay Writer

প্রবন্ধ লেখক পর্যালোচনা: এআই প্রবন্ধ লেখকের একটি যত্নশীল পরীক্ষা

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Revisión de EssayWriter: un examen cuidadoso del escritor de ensayos con IA

Examen d'EssayWriter : un examen attentif du rédacteur d'essais sur l'IA

EssayWriter समीक्षा: AI निबंध लेखक की एक सावधानीपूर्वक जांच

EssayWriter レビュー: AI エッセイライターの徹底検証

EssayWriter Review: AI 에세이 작가에 대한 세심한 조사

Revisão do EssayWriter: um exame cuidadoso do redator de ensaios de IA

Обзор EssayWriter: тщательное изучение AI Essay Writer

EssayWriter İncelemesi: Yapay Zeka Deneme Yazarının Dikkatli Bir İncelemesi

Đánh giá người viết bài luận: Sự kiểm tra cẩn thận của người viết bài luận AI

EssayWriter 评论：对 AI 论文写作器的仔细检查

How to Create a Server Driven UI Engine for Flutter

ফ্লটারের জন্য কীভাবে একটি সার্ভার চালিত UI ইঞ্জিন তৈরি করবেন

So erstellen Sie eine servergesteuerte UI-Engine für Flutter

Cómo crear un motor de interfaz de usuario controlado por servidor para Flutter

Comment créer un moteur d'interface utilisateur piloté par serveur pour Flutter

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Flutter 用のサーバー駆動型 UI エンジンを作成する方法

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Como criar um mecanismo de UI orientado a servidor para Flutter

Как создать серверный движок пользовательского интерфейса для Flutter

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如何为 Flutter 创建服务器驱动的 UI 引擎

Do You Have a Digital Twin? - The World of AI Generated Identities

আপনার কি ডিজিটাল টুইন আছে? - এআই জেনারেটেড আইডেন্টিটিসের বিশ্ব

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For a beginner, it might seem daunting to start learning how to code, but with the endless advancements in technology, there are now innovative tools that can make learning how to code easy and fun. One of those tools is ChatGPT which was developed by OpenAI. Back when I started learning how to code, there was no ChatGPT, but now, it's become the number one coding assistant for many developers, myself included. I use it daily, and frankly, I think you should too. In this article, I will show you how you can use ChatGPT as a guide on your fun coding adventure using two of the most popular programming languages, Python and JavaScript. Understanding ChatGPT Before we jump into using ChatGPT as our guide and assistant, let's understand what this tool really is. ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI, and it's based on the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 architectures. It’s pre-trained on public data and data licensed from third-party providers to be able to predict the best answer for your query. It’s capable of delivering human-like text responses and can be used in various natural language processing tasks. In your case, as an interactive coding assistant. Getting Started To begin your learning journey using ChatGPT, you will need access to an environment where you can interface with the model. OpenAI does offer an API that developers can hook into but for anyone starting out in this aspect, using the official OpenAI website would be the right move. You can toy with ChatGPT on the OpenAI website in a user-friendly, as well as interactive, user interface. OpenAI keeps updating the website and keeps adding new features and customizations to the online interface. The paid version of their service has some third-party plugins you can use, and it gives you access to GPT-4, their latest releases. In my case and as a Data Engineer, I use the plugins and GPT-4 daily so I can upload and ask the model to create downloadable texts, images, and graphs which makes the boring part of my job so much easier. Choosing a Language: Python or JavaScript Python, as well as JavaScript, are some of the most popular programming languages these days with excellent features to showcase on any project. Python is popular because it has a simple syntax. On the other hand, by learning JavaScript as your first language, you have a chance to start developing full-stack web applications ASAP. Based on your programming language choice, you can always start your ChatGPT queries by specifying the language or the framework you are working with. Asking Basic Coding Questions Now that you have selected the language, you can proceed with some basic coding questions to ChatGPT. Begin with some of the easier questions on concepts such as variables, data types, and basic syntax examples. For instance: Variables:
You can ask: "How do I declare a variable in Python?"
ChatGPT might respond with: "In Python, you declare a variable using the syntax: variable_name = value." Data Types:
You can inquire: "What are the main data types in JavaScript?"
ChatGPT might provide: "JavaScript has several data types, including string, number, boolean, object, and array." Basic Syntax:
Ask: "Can you explain the if-else statement in Python?"
ChatGPT might elucidate: "In Python, the if-else statement is used for conditional execution. It follows the syntax: if condition: # code block 1 else: # code block 2." Building on Fundamentals Once the basics are clear, then start asking tougher or more complex questions. Concepts like loops, functions, and object-oriented programming can be used to explore these ideas. Eventually, you can increase the bar of questioning to ensure better ways of learning. Loops:
Ask: "How does a for loop work in JavaScript?"
ChatGPT could respond: "In JavaScript, a for loop has the syntax: for (initialization; condition; update) { // code block }." Functions:
Inquire: "What is the significance of parameters in a Python function?" ChatGPT might explain: "Parameters in a Python function allow you to pass values to the function. They are variables that store the arguments you provide when calling the function." Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
Ask: "Can you give an example of a Python class and its methods?"
ChatGPT may provide: "Certainly! In Python, a class is defined using the class keyword. Here's an example: class Dog: def init(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def bark(self): return 'Woof!' Troubleshooting and Debugging As you progress, you'll likely encounter errors or face challenges in your code. ChatGPT can also assist you in troubleshooting and debugging. Error Handling:
Ask: "How do I handle exceptions in Python?"
ChatGPT might guide you: "In Python, you can use the ‘try’, ‘except’, and optionally ‘finally’ blocks for exception handling. For example: try: # code that might raise an exceptionexcept Exception as e: # handle the exceptionfinally: # optional cleanup code```" Debugging Tips:
Inquire: "What are some common ways to debug JavaScript code?"
ChatGPT may suggest: "For JavaScript, you can use console.log() statements, browser developer tools, and tools like VSCode with breakpoints to debug your code effectively." Practical Projects and Real-world Applications To solidify your coding skills, consider working on practical projects. ChatGPT can provide guidance on project ideas, implementation details, and best practices. Project Ideas:
Ask: "Can you suggest a beginner-friendly Python project?"
ChatGPT might propose: "Certainly! How about creating a simple to-do list application using a Python web framework like Flask or Django?" Implementation Guidance:
Inquire: "What are the steps to build a basic website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript?"
ChatGPT could guide you: "First, create an HTML file for the structure, then add styles using CSS. Use JavaScript for interactivity, handling user input, and updating the DOM dynamically." Best Practices:
Ask: "What are some best practices for writing efficient Python code?"
ChatGPT may advise: "Consider using meaningful variable names, following PEP 8 style guide, and optimizing algorithms for better performance." Conclusion Learning how to code with ChatGPT makes the process more exciting and interactive which, in turn, could transform learning complex concepts into something that is easy and fun. Starting with the basics, continuing to advanced topics, moving to error handling, and finishing with implementation into practical projects, ChatGPT can be your complete guide to building your coding foundation in Python or JavaScript languages. Remember, ChatGPT is a learning aid only, so be sure to practice coding regularly, and don't hesitate to find more resources or join programming communities. With dedication and the right resources, you might find yourself immersed in the wonderful world of coding. For a beginner, it might seem daunting to start learning how to code, but with the endless advancements in technology, there are now innovative tools that can make learning how to code easy and fun. One of those tools is ChatGPT which was developed by OpenAI. Back when I started learning how to code, there was no ChatGPT, but now, it's become the number one coding assistant for many developers, myself included. For a beginner, it might seem daunting to start learning how to code, but with the endless advancements in technology, there are now innovative tools that can make learning how to code easy and fun. One of those tools is ChatGPT which was developed by OpenAI. Back when I started learning how to code, there was no ChatGPT, but now, it's become the number one coding assistant for many developers, myself included. I use it daily, and frankly, I think you should too. I use it daily, and frankly, I think you should too. In this article, I will show you how you can use ChatGPT as a guide on your fun coding adventure using two of the most popular programming languages, Python and JavaScript. In this article, I will show you how you can use ChatGPT as a guide on your fun coding adventure using two of the most popular programming languages, Python and JavaScript. Understanding ChatGPT Before we jump into using ChatGPT as our guide and assistant, let's understand what this tool really is. ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI, and it's based on the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 architectures. It’s pre-trained on public data and data licensed from third-party providers to be able to predict the best answer for your query. It’s capable of delivering human-like text responses and can be used in various natural language processing tasks. In your case, as an interactive coding assistant. Getting Started To begin your learning journey using ChatGPT, you will need access to an environment where you can interface with the model. OpenAI does offer an API that developers can hook into but for anyone starting out in this aspect, using the official OpenAI website would be the right move. You can toy with ChatGPT on the OpenAI website in a user-friendly, as well as interactive, user interface. OpenAI keeps updating the website and keeps adding new features and customizations to the online interface. The paid version of their service has some third-party plugins you can use, and it gives you access to GPT-4, their latest releases. In my case and as a Data Engineer, I use the plugins and GPT-4 daily so I can upload and ask the model to create downloadable texts, images, and graphs which makes the boring part of my job so much easier. Choosing a Language: Python or JavaScript Python, as well as JavaScript, are some of the most popular programming languages these days with excellent features to showcase on any project. Python is popular because it has a simple syntax. On the other hand, by learning JavaScript as your first language, you have a chance to start developing full-stack web applications ASAP. Based on your programming language choice, you can always start your ChatGPT queries by specifying the language or the framework you are working with. Asking Basic Coding Questions Now that you have selected the language, you can proceed with some basic coding questions to ChatGPT. Begin with some of the easier questions on concepts such as variables, data types, and basic syntax examples. For instance: Variables: You can ask: "How do I declare a variable in Python?" ChatGPT might respond with: "In Python, you declare a variable using the syntax: variable_name = value." Variables: You can ask: "How do I declare a variable in Python?" ChatGPT might respond with: "In Python, you declare a variable using the syntax: variable_name = value." Data Types: You can inquire: "What are the main data types in JavaScript?" ChatGPT might provide: "JavaScript has several data types, including string, number, boolean, object, and array." Data Types: You can inquire: "What are the main data types in JavaScript?" ChatGPT might provide: "JavaScript has several data types, including string, number, boolean, object, and array." Basic Syntax: Ask: "Can you explain the if-else statement in Python?" ChatGPT might elucidate: "In Python, the if-else statement is used for conditional execution. It follows the syntax: if condition: # code block 1 else: # code block 2." Basic Syntax: Ask: "Can you explain the if-else statement in Python?" ChatGPT might elucidate: "In Python, the if-else statement is used for conditional execution. It follows the syntax: if condition: # code block 1 else: # code block 2." Building on Fundamentals Once the basics are clear, then start asking tougher or more complex questions. Concepts like loops, functions, and object-oriented programming can be used to explore these ideas. Eventually, you can increase the bar of questioning to ensure better ways of learning. Loops: Ask: "How does a for loop work in JavaScript?" ChatGPT could respond: "In JavaScript, a for loop has the syntax: for (initialization; condition; update) { // code block }." Loops: Ask: "How does a for loop work in JavaScript?" ChatGPT could respond: "In JavaScript, a for loop has the syntax: for (initialization; condition; update) { // code block }." Functions: Inquire: "What is the significance of parameters in a Python function?" Functions: Inquire: "What is the significance of parameters in a Python function?" ChatGPT might explain: "Parameters in a Python function allow you to pass values to the function. They are variables that store the arguments you provide when calling the function." Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Ask: "Can you give an example of a Python class and its methods?" ChatGPT may provide: "Certainly! In Python, a class is defined using the class keyword. Here's an example: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Ask: "Can you give an example of a Python class and its methods?" ChatGPT may provide: "Certainly! In Python, a class is defined using the class keyword. Here's an example: class Dog: def init(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def bark(self): return 'Woof!' Troubleshooting and Debugging As you progress, you'll likely encounter errors or face challenges in your code. ChatGPT can also assist you in troubleshooting and debugging. Error Handling: Ask: "How do I handle exceptions in Python?" ChatGPT might guide you: "In Python, you can use the ‘try’, ‘except’, and optionally ‘finally’ blocks for exception handling. For example: Error Handling: Ask: "How do I handle exceptions in Python?" ChatGPT might guide you: "In Python, you can use the ‘try’, ‘except’, and optionally ‘finally’ blocks for exception handling. For example: try: # code that might raise an exceptionexcept Exception as e: # handle the exceptionfinally: # optional cleanup code```" Debugging Tips: Inquire: "What are some common ways to debug JavaScript code?" ChatGPT may suggest: "For JavaScript, you can use console.log() statements, browser developer tools, and tools like VSCode with breakpoints to debug your code effectively." Debugging Tips: Inquire: "What are some common ways to debug JavaScript code?" ChatGPT may suggest: "For JavaScript, you can use console.log() statements, browser developer tools, and tools like VSCode with breakpoints to debug your code effectively." Practical Projects and Real-world Applications To solidify your coding skills, consider working on practical projects. ChatGPT can provide guidance on project ideas, implementation details, and best practices. Project Ideas: Ask: "Can you suggest a beginner-friendly Python project?" ChatGPT might propose: "Certainly! How about creating a simple to-do list application using a Python web framework like Flask or Django?" Project Ideas: Ask: "Can you suggest a beginner-friendly Python project?" ChatGPT might propose: "Certainly! How about creating a simple to-do list application using a Python web framework like Flask or Django?" Implementation Guidance: Inquire: "What are the steps to build a basic website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript?" ChatGPT could guide you: "First, create an HTML file for the structure, then add styles using CSS. Use JavaScript for interactivity, handling user input, and updating the DOM dynamically." Implementation Guidance: Inquire: "What are the steps to build a basic website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript?" ChatGPT could guide you: "First, create an HTML file for the structure, then add styles using CSS. Use JavaScript for interactivity, handling user input, and updating the DOM dynamically." Best Practices: Ask: "What are some best practices for writing efficient Python code?" ChatGPT may advise: "Consider using meaningful variable names, following PEP 8 style guide, and optimizing algorithms for better performance." Best Practices: Ask: "What are some best practices for writing efficient Python code?" ChatGPT may advise: "Consider using meaningful variable names, following PEP 8 style guide, and optimizing algorithms for better performance." Conclusion Learning how to code with ChatGPT makes the process more exciting and interactive which, in turn, could transform learning complex concepts into something that is easy and fun. Starting with the basics, continuing to advanced topics, moving to error handling, and finishing with implementation into practical projects, ChatGPT can be your complete guide to building your coding foundation in Python or JavaScript languages. Remember, ChatGPT is a learning aid only, so be sure to practice coding regularly, and don't hesitate to find more resources or join programming communities. With dedication and the right resources, you might find yourself immersed in the wonderful world of coding.

Unlocking Code Mastery: A Vibrant Guide to Learning Python, JavaScript, and Beyond With ChatGPT

The Only Guide You Need to Pass the CKAD (Certified Kubernetes Application Developer) Exam

Authors:
(1) Xiaofei Sun, Zhejiang University;
(2) Xiaoya Li, Shannon.AI and Bytedance;
(3) Shengyu Zhang, Zhejiang University;
(4) Shuhe Wang, Peking University;
(5) Fei Wu, Zhejiang University;
(6) Jiwei Li, Zhejiang University;
(7) Tianwei Zhang, Nanyang Technological University;
(8) Guoyin Wang, Shannon.AI and Bytedance. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Related Work LLM Negotiation for Sentiment Analysis Experiments Ablation Studies Conclusion and References 3 LLM Negotiation for Sentiment Analysis 3.1 Overview In this section, we detail the multi-LLM negotiation framework for sentiment analysis: Two LLMs perform as the answer generator and discriminator. We refer to the interaction between the generator and the discriminator as a negotiation. The negotiation will repeat until a consensus is reached or the maximum number of negotiation turns is exceeded. Illustrations are shown in Figures 1 and 2. 3.2 Reasoning-infused generator The generator is backboned by a large language model. We ask the answer generator based on the ICL paradigm through prompts, aiming to generate a step-by-step reasoning chain and a decision towards the sentiment polarity of the test input. Prompts are composed of three elements: a task description, demonstrations, and a test input. The task description is a description of the task in natural language (e.g., "Please determine the overall sentiment of test input."); the test input is the textual input in the test set (e.g., "The sky is blue."); demonstrations are from the train set of the task. Each consists of three elements: input, reasoning chains, and sentimental decision. For each test input, we first retrieve K nearest neighbors (input, sentiment decision) from the train set as demonstrations. Then, we transform demonstrations to (input, reasoning process, sentiment decision) triplets by prompting the generator to produce a reasoning chain. After concatenating the task description, demonstrations, and the test input, we forward the prompt to the generator, which will respond with a step-by-step reasoning chain and a sentimental decision. 3.3 Explanation-deriving discriminator The discriminator is backboned by another LLM. After finishing the answer generating process, the answer discriminator is used to judge whether the decision made by the generator is correct and provide a reasonable explanation. To accomplish this goal, we first construct prompts for the answer discriminator. The prompt is composed of four elements: a task description, demonstrations, a test input, and the response from the answer generator. The task description is a piece of text that describes the task in natural language (e.g., "Please determine whether the decision is correct."). Each demonstration is composed of six elements: (input text, a reasoning chain, sentiment decision, discriminator attitude, discriminator explanations, discriminator decision) and constructed by prompting the answer discriminator to provide explanations of why the sentiment decision is correct for the input text. Then we ask the discriminator with the construct prompt. The answer discriminator will respond with a text string, containing an attitude (i.e., yes, no) that denotes whether the discriminator agrees with the generator, explanations that explain why the discriminator agrees/disagrees with the generator, and a discriminator decision that determines the sentiment of the test input. Why Two LLMs but Not One? There are two reasons for using two different LLMs separately for the generator and the discriminator rather than using a single LLM to act as two roles: (1) If an LLM makes a mistake as a generator due to incorrect reasoning, it is more likely that it will also make the same mistake as the discriminator as since generator and the discriminator from the same model are very likely to make similar rationales; (2) by using two separate models, we are able to take the advantage of the complementary abilities of the two models. 3.4 Role-flipped Negotiation After two LLMs end with a negotiation, we ask them flip roles and initiate a new negotiation, where the second LLM acts as the generator, and the first LLM acts as the discriminator. We refer the interaction of two LLMs with flipped roles as role-flipped negotiation. Likewise, the role-flipped negotiation is ended until a consensus is reached or the maximum number of negotiation turns is exceeded. When both negotiations result in an agreement and their decisions are the same, we can choose either decision as the final one since they are the same. If one of the negotiations fails to reach a consensus while the other reaches a decision, we choose the decision from the negotiation that reached a consensus as the final decision. However, if both negotiations reach a consensus but their decisions do not align, we will require the assistance of an additional Language Model (LLM), as will be explained in more detail below." Introducing a third LLM If the decision from the two negotiations do not align, we introduce a third LLM and conduct the negotiation and role-flipped negotiation with each of the two aforementioned LLMs. Subsequently, we will get 6 negotiation results and vote on these results: the decision that appears most frequently is taken as the sentiment polarity of the input test. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Xiaofei Sun, Zhejiang University; (2) Xiaoya Li, Shannon.AI and Bytedance; (3) Shengyu Zhang, Zhejiang University; (4) Shuhe Wang, Peking University; (5) Fei Wu, Zhejiang University; (6) Jiwei Li, Zhejiang University; (7) Tianwei Zhang, Nanyang Technological University; (8) Guoyin Wang, Shannon.AI and Bytedance. Authors: Authors: (1) Xiaofei Sun, Zhejiang University; (2) Xiaoya Li, Shannon.AI and Bytedance; (3) Shengyu Zhang, Zhejiang University; (4) Shuhe Wang, Peking University; (5) Fei Wu, Zhejiang University; (6) Jiwei Li, Zhejiang University; (7) Tianwei Zhang, Nanyang Technological University; (8) Guoyin Wang, Shannon.AI and Bytedance. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Related Work Related Work LLM Negotiation for Sentiment Analysis LLM Negotiation for Sentiment Analysis Experiments Experiments Ablation Studies Ablation Studies Conclusion and References Conclusion and References 3 LLM Negotiation for Sentiment Analysis 3.1 Overview In this section, we detail the multi-LLM negotiation framework for sentiment analysis: Two LLMs perform as the answer generator and discriminator. We refer to the interaction between the generator and the discriminator as a negotiation. The negotiation will repeat until a consensus is reached or the maximum number of negotiation turns is exceeded. Illustrations are shown in Figures 1 and 2. 3.2 Reasoning-infused generator The generator is backboned by a large language model. We ask the answer generator based on the ICL paradigm through prompts, aiming to generate a step-by-step reasoning chain and a decision towards the sentiment polarity of the test input. Prompts are composed of three elements: a task description, demonstrations, and a test input. The task description is a description of the task in natural language (e.g., "Please determine the overall sentiment of test input."); the test input is the textual input in the test set (e.g., "The sky is blue."); demonstrations are from the train set of the task. Each consists of three elements: input, reasoning chains, and sentimental decision. For each test input, we first retrieve K nearest neighbors (input, sentiment decision) from the train set as demonstrations. Then, we transform demonstrations to (input, reasoning process, sentiment decision) triplets by prompting the generator to produce a reasoning chain. After concatenating the task description, demonstrations, and the test input, we forward the prompt to the generator, which will respond with a step-by-step reasoning chain and a sentimental decision. 3.3 Explanation-deriving discriminator The discriminator is backboned by another LLM. After finishing the answer generating process, the answer discriminator is used to judge whether the decision made by the generator is correct and provide a reasonable explanation. To accomplish this goal, we first construct prompts for the answer discriminator. The prompt is composed of four elements: a task description, demonstrations, a test input, and the response from the answer generator. The task description is a piece of text that describes the task in natural language (e.g., "Please determine whether the decision is correct."). Each demonstration is composed of six elements: (input text, a reasoning chain, sentiment decision, discriminator attitude, discriminator explanations, discriminator decision) and constructed by prompting the answer discriminator to provide explanations of why the sentiment decision is correct for the input text. Then we ask the discriminator with the construct prompt. The answer discriminator will respond with a text string, containing an attitude (i.e., yes, no) that denotes whether the discriminator agrees with the generator, explanations that explain why the discriminator agrees/disagrees with the generator, and a discriminator decision that determines the sentiment of the test input. Why Two LLMs but Not One? There are two reasons for using two different LLMs separately for the generator and the discriminator rather than using a single LLM to act as two roles: (1) If an LLM makes a mistake as a generator due to incorrect reasoning, it is more likely that it will also make the same mistake as the discriminator as since generator and the discriminator from the same model are very likely to make similar rationales; (2) by using two separate models, we are able to take the advantage of the complementary abilities of the two models. Why Two LLMs but Not One? 3.4 Role-flipped Negotiation After two LLMs end with a negotiation, we ask them flip roles and initiate a new negotiation, where the second LLM acts as the generator, and the first LLM acts as the discriminator. We refer the interaction of two LLMs with flipped roles as role-flipped negotiation. Likewise, the role-flipped negotiation is ended until a consensus is reached or the maximum number of negotiation turns is exceeded. When both negotiations result in an agreement and their decisions are the same, we can choose either decision as the final one since they are the same. If one of the negotiations fails to reach a consensus while the other reaches a decision, we choose the decision from the negotiation that reached a consensus as the final decision. However, if both negotiations reach a consensus but their decisions do not align, we will require the assistance of an additional Language Model (LLM), as will be explained in more detail below." Introducing a third LLM If the decision from the two negotiations do not align, we introduce a third LLM and conduct the negotiation and role-flipped negotiation with each of the two aforementioned LLMs. Subsequently, we will get 6 negotiation results and vote on these results: the decision that appears most frequently is taken as the sentiment polarity of the input test. Introducing a third LLM This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Leveraging Two LLMs for Improved Sentiment Analysis Decisions

উন্নত অনুভূতি বিশ্লেষণের সিদ্ধান্তের জন্য দুটি এলএলএম ব্যবহার করা

Nutzung zweier LLMs für bessere Entscheidungen bei der Sentimentanalyse

Aprovechamiento de dos LLM para mejorar las decisiones de análisis de sentimiento

Tirer parti de deux LLM pour améliorer les décisions d'analyse des sentiments

बेहतर भावना विश्लेषण निर्णयों के लिए दो एलएलएम का लाभ उठाना

感情分析の意思決定を改善するために 2 つの LLM を活用する

향상된 감정 분석 결정을 위해 두 개의 LLM 활용

Aproveitando dois LLMs para melhores decisões de análise de sentimento

Использование двух программ LLM для улучшения решений по анализу настроений

Geliştirilmiş Duyarlılık Analizi Kararları için İki Yüksek Lisans'tan Yararlanma

Tận dụng hai LLM để cải thiện các quyết định phân tích tình cảm

利用两个法学硕士 (LLM) 改善情绪分析决策

GitHub Copilot and the Endangered Code Monkey

গিটহাব কপিলট এবং বিপন্ন কোড বানর

GitHub Copilot und der vom Aussterben bedrohte Code Monkey

Copiloto de GitHub y el mono código en peligro de extinción

Copilote GitHub et le singe code en voie de disparition

GitHub कोपायलट और लुप्तप्राय कोड बंदर

GitHub Copilot と絶滅の危機に瀕するコードモンキー

GitHub Copilot과 멸종 위기에 처한 Code Monkey

Copiloto do GitHub e o Code Monkey ameaçado

GitHub Copilot и кодовая обезьяна, находящаяся под угрозой исчезновения

GitHub Copilot ve Nesli Tehlike Altındaki Kod Maymunu

GitHub Copilot và chú khỉ mã có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

GitHub Copilot 和濒临灭绝的 Code Monkey

Supernormal Stimuli: Are We Amusing Ourselves to Death?

অতিপ্রাকৃতিক উদ্দীপনা: আমরা কি মৃত্যুর জন্য মজা করছি?

Übernatürliche Reize: Amüsieren wir uns zu Tode?

Estímulos sobrenaturales: ¿nos estamos divirtiendo hasta la muerte?

Stimuli supranormaux : sommes-nous en train de nous amuser à mourir ?

अलौकिक उत्तेजनाएँ: क्या हम अपने आप को मौत तक मनोरंजन कर रहे हैं?

超常刺激：私たちは死ぬほど楽しんでいるのか？

초자연적 자극: 우리는 죽을 때까지 즐겁게 지내고 있나요?

Estímulos supranormais: estamos nos divertindo até a morte?

Сверхъестественные стимулы: развлекаемся ли мы до смерти?

Olağanüstü Uyarıcılar: Kendimizi Ölesiye Eğlendiriyor muyuz?

Kích thích siêu thường: Chúng ta có đang vui vẻ đến chết không?

超常刺激：我们是不是正在自娱自乐？

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