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We shall create a Bot in which aware of Batch Presence change event. Slack Go Essentially we are going to build and run the example given here: . This tutorial give a more detailed actions of how to make it run, so that even a relatively new can follow this easily. https://github.com/nlopes/slack/blob/master/examples/connparams/connparams.go An examples of presence change event is when a member of the chat group changes their status from active into away. Slack provides an to their API for a more efficient presence change detection, by having it in a batch. This is in accordance to proliferation of groups with large members in Slack, where changes of presence could resulting in expensive handling of many events at a short period of time, or at the cost of missing some of the event. update In this tutorial we consider that a Golang has been installed. You can also refer to for such purpose. https://golang.org/doc/install For a more clear step by step activities, we can refer to commits of . https://github.com/suekto-andreas/tutorial-go/commits/TUT-001 How can this base code be expanded Out of the code created by following this tutorial, you can expand it into a more complex bot, one of the very preliminary extension can be happened at creating Handlers into the event. (This tutorial is just simply doing print.) Not too mention once you generates Handlers and creating a more complex business process / use cases, takes care of the package oriented design, provides automated unit testing. I personally prefer the concept of treating a Go project like a library, while the executable is grouped inside directory. cmd Create Slack Token First we need the token for accessing the API. Please refer to the following link to do so : https://get.slack.help/hc/en-us/articles/215770388-Create-and-regenerate-API-tokens Get the Dependencies We are using the following library to communicate with Slack : . Let’s go get it, run the following command in terminal https://github.com/nlopes/slack $ go get github.com/nlopes/slack Create our Project Directory For this purpose, as we simply create a command line to be executable, I structured this as following: this tutorial project structure When you are aiming for building a specific slack bot project, you might prefer a less hierarchy here, as the above structure is prepared for more tutorial codes to be put under 1 repository. An example would be that the become the root project directory, instead of . batchaware tutorial-go Write the Code Our code shall be a simple main function. First of all let’s instantiate a Slack object. Replace “YOUR TOKEN HERE” with the one we created in the previous step. (If you are considering a production code, ensure that token here is provided in a better way, not hard coded, put it for example as ENVIRONMENT variable.) package main import ("fmt""log""net/url""os" "github.com/nlopes/slack") func main() {api := slack.New("YOUR TOKEN HERE",slack.OptionDebug(true),slack.OptionLog(log.New(os.Stdout, "slack-bot: ",log.Lshortfile|log.LstdFlags)),)} Next is for us to establish an RTM (Real Time Messaging) connection with Slack. Here is we pass in the Option parameter that indicates our Bot is ready for batch presence aware. rtm := api.NewRTM(slack.RTMOptionConnParams(url.Values{"batch_presence_aware": {"1"}})) Let’s start the connection go rtm.ManageConnection() Afterward we can listen to even by looking at the IncomingEvents channel, using the following for loop for msg := range rtm.IncomingEvents {fmt.Print("Event Received: ")} We are going to send hello world to the channel where we want our bot to be listening to. We use the ConnectedEvent to do this, this is an internal event of the library, not a Slack event. Upon this event we SendMessage which indicates the corresponding Slack Channel ID, we want the Bot listening to. for msg := range rtm.IncomingEvents {fmt.Print("Event Received: ") switch ev := msg.Data.(type) {  
case \*slack.ConnectedEvent:  
    fmt.Println("Infos:", ev.Info)  
    fmt.Println("Connection counter:", ev.ConnectionCount)  
    // Replace ABCDEFGH with your Channel ID  
    rtm.SendMessage(  
        rtm.NewOutgoingMessage("Hello world", "ABCDEFGH"))

default:  
    // Ignore other events..  
    fmt.Printf("Unexpected: %v\\n", msg.Data) }} To activate presence change event we need to first subscribe for this event (it’s a mandatory step since Jan 2018.) We going to subscribe during HelloEvent, which is a Slack event when the Bot has successfully connected. For this step we need USER-IDs, a simple way to retrieve some of this can be done by following this step . (For a more automated way, the following could inspired you.) here link for msg := range rtm.IncomingEvents {fmt.Print("Event Received: ") switch ev := msg.Data.(type) {  
case \*slack.ConnectedEvent:  
    fmt.Println("Infos:", ev.Info)  
    fmt.Println("Connection counter:", ev.ConnectionCount)  
    // Replace ABCDEFGH with your Channel ID  
    rtm.SendMessage(  
        rtm.NewOutgoingMessage("Hello world", "ABCDEFGH"))

case \*slack.HelloEvent:  
    fmt.Printf("Hello: %v\\n", ev)  
    // Replace USER-ID-N here with your User IDs  
    rtm.SendMessage(rtm.NewSubscribeUserPresence(\[\]string{  
        "USER-ID-1",  
        "USER-ID-2",  
    }))

default:  
    // Ignore other events..  
    fmt.Printf("Unexpected: %v\\n", msg.Data)  
} } After all is set and done, we now shall listen to our main target in this article, the presence change event ! for msg := range rtm.IncomingEvents {fmt.Print("Event Received: ") switch ev := msg.Data.(type) {  
case \*slack.ConnectedEvent:  
    fmt.Println("Infos:", ev.Info)  
    fmt.Println("Connection counter:", ev.ConnectionCount)  
    // Replace ABCDEFGH with your Channel ID  
    rtm.SendMessage(  
        rtm.NewOutgoingMessage("Hello world", "ABCDEFGH"))

case \*slack.HelloEvent:  
    fmt.Printf("Hello: %v\\n", ev)  
    // Replace USER-ID-N here with your User IDs  
    rtm.SendMessage(rtm.NewSubscribeUserPresence(\[\]string{  
        "USER-ID-1",  
        "USER-ID-2",  
    }))  
  
case \*slack.PresenceChangeEvent:  
   fmt.Printf("Presence Change: %v\\n", ev)

default:  
    // Ignore other events..  
    fmt.Printf("Unexpected: %v\\n", msg.Data)  
} } Run the Bot To run the bot (given the directory structure as is in this tutorial) $ go run slacktut/batchaware/cmd/batchaware.go Then the bot shall start listening into the Slack Channel. Try by making a member in the channel to change its presence (like from active to away.) switch ev := msg.Data.(type) {case *slack.ConnectedEvent:fmt.Println("Infos:", ev.Info)fmt.Println("Connection counter:", ev.ConnectionCount)// Replace ABCDEFGH with your Channel IDrtm.SendMessage(rtm.NewOutgoingMessage("Hello world", "ABCDEFGH")) case *slack.HelloEvent:fmt.Printf("Hello: %v\n", ev)// Replace USER-ID-N here with your User IDsrtm.SendMessage(rtm.NewSubscribeUserPresence([]string{"USER-ID-1","USER-ID-2",})) default:// Ignore other events..fmt.Printf("Unexpected: %v\n", msg.Data)}}

Slack’n Go: Batch Presence Aware Bot

Programmers often need to run some recurring process automatically at fixed intervals or at specific times. A common solution for this problem is to use a cron job. When you have full access to your own server, configuring cron jobs is quite straightforward. However, how hard is it to configure cron jobs when you use an application hosting service? Some services, thankfully, provide a way for you to do this. In this article, we’ll walk through a sample mini-project that shows how to easily set up and deploy a cron job on . Render Core Concepts What Is a Cron Job? A cron job is a Unix command that runs as a background process on a schedule determined by a . Generally, cron determines the jobs to run via crontab configuration files, which consist of pairs of cron expressions and corresponding commands. cron Cron Expression What Is Render? Render is a cloud application hosting service that offers a variety of web service hosting solutions, such as static sites, web servers, databases, and, yes, even cron jobs! Render handles the hassle of hosting and deployment for you so that you can spend all of your time focusing on building out your projects. What Are Render Cron Jobs? Render offers a cron job hosting service that simplifies the process of deploying and maintaining a cron job in the cloud. To set up a Render cron job service, simply link a GitHub repo, choose a runtime, and provide the command to run and the cron expression to determine the schedule. Overview of Our Mini-Project Our project will be a simple service that lets us create and store notes. The service also runs an hourly cron job to email us all the notes created in the last hour. The application consists of three parts: An Express web server that handles requests to create the notes A PostgreSQL database to store the notes A cron job that sends the notes digest email We'll use Render services for each of these components. We'll also use as the service for sending out emails. For our Node.js application, we’ll add the following dependency packages: Mailjet to interact with the database pg as a quality-of-life upgrade that allows us to use async functions as our Express handlers express-async-handler , which is the official client library that interacts with the Mailjet API node-mailjet We’ll assume that you have on your development machine. In our demo code, we’ll use for our package manager. Node.js installed Yarn Setting Up the Project Repo Let's start by setting up our project repo and our web service on Render. We can fork Render's Express Hello World repo for our initial . Express server boilerplate code In Render, we that uses the forked repo. create a web service page We enter a name for our web service, and we proceed with all of the default values. After Render finishes deploying, we see a service URL. We can visit that URL in our browser to verify that everything was set up correctly. Now, we can clone the forked repo to our development machine, and then add our dependencies: ~/project$ yarn add pg express-async-handler node-mailjet With our initial project repo set up, let’s move on to setting up our database. Setting Up the Database Our database is very simple, consisting of just one table called notes. The table will have a column to store the note text and another column to store the timestamp when the note was created. We’ll on Render. create a PostgreSQL database service We provide a name for the database service and then use the default values for all other options. After creating the database, we can connect to it from our local machine and create the table. Copy the connection string from the database dashboard, and then start up a in your local project directory. We'll use a to make the query to our database, so we'll need to import the class and create a object with our external connection string: notes external node REPL connection pool Pool Pool const { Pool } = require('pg');
const pool = new Pool(
  { connectionString: '<External Connection String>?ssl=true'}
); Note that since we are connecting through SSL in the REPL, we need to append to the end of the connection string. With our pool object created, we can execute the query to create the table: node ?ssl=true pool.query(
  'CREATE TABLE notes (text text, created timestamp);',
  console.log
); Voila! Our database is set up with our table! notes Setting Up an Environment Group in Render Before we add the functionality to our web service to start populating the table, let's make sure that our web service has access to our database. In fact, because both our web service and cron job will need to connect to the database, we can take advantage of Render's environment groups to create a shared group of environment variables that we can use for both services. To do this, we'll want the connection string from the database dashboard, since both the web service and cron job will communicate with the database through Render’s internal network. Click on in the main Render navigation. internal Env Groups Next, click on . New Environment Group Choose a name for your environment group. Then, add a new variable with a key of , and paste the internal connection string as the value (no need for this time). CONNECTION_STRING ssl=true Once you've created the group, you can go back to the settings for the web service. In the section, you can select the environment group you just created, and click on . Now, our Node.js code can access any variables we define in this group through the global object. We’ll see an example of this as we start to build out our Express app. Let’s do that now! Environments Linked Environment Groups Link process.env Creating the Express App Our Express app will only have one endpoint, , where we'll handle and requests. /notes POST GET When we receive a request, we create a new note row in the database. We'll expect the of the request to be and the body to be formatted as . We'll also note the time of the request and store that timestamp as the note's value. POST Content-Type application/json {"note": "<note text>"} created When we receive a request, we'll query the database for all the notes and return them as a JSON response. GET Let's start by getting rid of all of the unnecessary code from our boilerplate. We only need to keep the following lines, and we change the callback slightly: app.listen const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = process.env.PORT || 3001;

app.listen(port, () => console.log(`Notes server listening on port ${port}!`)); Next, let's add all of the imports we'll need. Again we’ll use a connection to connect to the database: Pool const { Pool } = require('pg'); Additionally, we’ll make use of the package: express-async-handler const asyncHandler = require('express-async-handler'); We instantiate our with the environment variable: Pool CONNECTION_STRING const connectionString = process.env.CONNECTION_STRING;
const pool = new Pool({connectionString}); Since we're expecting a JSON request, let's also use , which will parse the request body into a JavaScript object that we can access at : POST JSON middleware from Express req.body app.use(express.json()); Handling Requests GET /notes Now we can get into the meat of our app: the request handlers. We'll start with our handler since it's a bit simpler. Let’s show the code first, and then we’ll explain what we’ve done. GET app.get('/notes', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
  const result = await pool.query('SELECT * FROM notes;');
  res.json({ notes: result.rows });
})); First, we register an async function with at the endpoint using . In the body of the callback, we want to select all the notes in the database using . We return a JSON response with all of the rows we received from the database. asyncHandler /notes app.get pool.query And that's all we need for the handler! GET At this point, we can commit and push these changes. Render automatically builds and redeploys our updated application. We can verify that our handler works, but for now, all we see is a sad, empty notes object. GET Handling Requests POST /notes Let's move on to our handler so that we can start populating our database with some notes! Our code looks like this: POST app.post('/notes', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
  const query = {
    text: 'INSERT INTO notes VALUES ($1, $2);',
    values: [req.body.note, new Date()],
  };
  await pool.query(query);
  res.sendStatus(200);
})); First, we insert a new row into our database with our note text and creation timestamp. We get the note text from , and we use to get the current time. The object is converted into a PostgreSQL data type through our use of . We send the insert query, and then we return a response. req.body.note new Date() Date parameterized queries 200 Deploy and Test After pushing our code and having Render redeploy, we can test our server by sending some test requests. At the command line, we use : curl curl -X POST <INSERT WEB SERVICE URL>/notes \
     -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
     -d '{"note": "<INSERT NOTE TEXT>"}' You can then visit the endpoint in your browser to see all of your newly created notes! /notes Creating the Cron Job The last component that ties our project together is the cron job. This cron job will run at the top of every hour, emailing us with all the notes created in the last hour. Set Up Mailjet We’ll use Mailjet as our email delivery service. You can sign up for a free account . here You’ll need your Mailjet API key and secret key from the API key management page. Let's add these keys to the environment group we created earlier. Add the following environment variables: MAILJET_APIKEY MAILJET_SECRET : the name of the email recipient (your name) USER_NAME : the email address of the recipient (your email address) USER_EMAIL Implement Cron Job Script Now let's write the script we'll run as the cron job, which we can call . Again, we'll use a to query our database, and we'll also want to initialize our Mailjet client with our environment variables: mail_latest_notes.js Pool const { Pool } = require('pg');
const mailjet = require ('node-mailjet')
  .connect(process.env.MAILJET_APIKEY, process.env.MAILJET_SECRET);
const connectionString = process.env.CONNECTION_STRING;
const pool = new Pool({connectionString}); Next, let's query the database for all notes created in the last hour. Since this will be an asynchronous operation, we can wrap the rest of the script in an , which will allow us to use the keyword to make it easier to work with: async IIFE await (async () => {
  // all remaining code will go here
})(); We use another parameterized query with to capture the current time and use it to filter the notes. This time, however, we'll want to get the time an hour before the current time, which we can do using the and Date methods, so that we can filter for all the notes after that timestamp: new Date() setHours getHours const timestamp = new Date();
timestamp.setHours(timestamp.getHours() - 1);
const query = {
  text: 'SELECT * FROM notes WHERE created >= $1;',
  values: [timestamp],
};
const result = await pool.query(query); We check how many rows were returned, and we won’t send the email if there aren’t any notes to send. if (result.rows.length === 0) {
  console.log('No latest notes');
  process.exit();
} If there are rows, then we create the email message with the retrieved notes. We pull out the text from each note row with a and use HTML for some easy formatting, joining all the note texts with tags: map <br> const emailMessage = result.rows.map(note => note.text).join('<br>'); Finally, we use the Mailjet client to with the message we just created and the environment variables we set up earlier. We can also log the response we get back from Mailjet, just to make sure that our email was sent: send an email const mailjetResponse = mailjet
  .post('send', {'version': 'v3.1'})
  .request({
    'Messages':[{
      'From': {
        'Email': process.env.USER_EMAIL,
        'Name': process.env.USER_NAME
      },
      'To': [{
        'Email': process.env.USER_EMAIL,
        'Name': process.env.USER_NAME
      }],
      'Subject': 'Latest Notes',
      'HTMLPart': `<p>${emailMessage}</p>`
    }]
  });

console.log(mailjetResponse); That's all we need for our script! Set Up Render Cron Job Service Lastly, let's create the cron job service on Render. We give our cron job service a name and set the environment to . Then, we set the command field to . To run the script every hour, we set the schedule field to the cron expression . Render has a nifty label under the input which shows what the cron expression translates to in plain English. We create the cron job. Node node mail_latest_notes.js 0 * * * * Next, we go to the tab for the cron job service, and we link the environment group that we created earlier. All that's left to do is wait for Render to finish building our cron job service. Then, we can test it! Before the build finishes, you can create more notes to make sure the script sends an email. Finally, you can click on the button on the cron dashboard to manually run the script, and check your inbox to make sure you receive that email. Environment Trigger Run And with that, we've finished our notes project! Conclusion Job schedulers like are powerful tools that provide a simple interface to run automated processes on strict schedules. Some application hosting services — like Render — make it easy for you to set up cron job services alongside your web and database services. In this article, we walked through how to do just that, by building a mini-project that saves notes and then sends an email digest triggered hourly by a cron job. With Render, coordinating communication between our various components and setting up the cron job was straightforward and simple. cron Happy coding! Also Published Here

Scheduled Cron Jobs with Render

Types Of Medical Databases And Their Benefits For Humanity

has exited the cryptocurrency market. It’s volatility was able to guarantee up to 40% interest every month and 0.25% daily interest back for your investment if you invest over $10,010. Based on these claims, BitConnect was saying for your $10,010 investment, you will gain $25.025 per day ($750.75 every 30 days) just from the daily interest rate guarantee. Then, take into consideration their vaguely defined “proprietary software” that guarantees returns (and never have any losses in its trading algorithm, regardless of market behavior) and you’ve got yourself a major . BitConnect software red flag Generally speaking, if it’s too good to be true, it probably is. Identifying Ponzi Schemes At the very center of every classic Ponzi scheme are two things: an investment with (allegedly) a remarkably high return, and a story about just why the extraordinary returns can be so easily achieved. When any time of investment promises a guaranteed compounded monthly return (in this case, almost up to 40% return a month), you can pretty much guarantee you are in trouble. Here are several key signs you might be in a scheme: You never receive any real collateral for your investment (or in this case, cryptocurrency), just a promise that you will earn money back The guaranteed return of your investment is way too good to be true (should be noted that Charles Ponzi (original con-artist) promised 50 percent and sometimes even 100 percent rates of return) — sound familiar for BitConnect? You’re told a complicated yet convincing reason about why the returns are so strong (in this case, a “proprietary trading algorithm”) How to Protect Yourself in the Future It’s very unfortunate that there are individuals out there who would take advantage of others but there are ways to protect yourself in the future! These are some steps to take before you invest: Do your due diligence by researching the individual offering you the product and the company too — do they seem reputable? Do they have history of success? Are they truly who they say they are? Especially in the cryptocurrency world where people are hiding behind aliases. Ask yourself — what are you getting in return for your money? Are you getting any type of collateral for your money? Finally, please don’t let your greed cloud your good judgment. If alarm bells are going off in your head, don’t ignore them — listen to yourself & find something else to invest in. Preventing the Next Major Mt. Gox Many people learned the hard way with the recent BitConnect fraud and to help prevent that, I’ve compiled a list of what appears to be other world so you can protect yourself (and your friends) from fraud: Ponzi/Pyramid schemes that already exist in the cryptocurrency Binary Coin ( ) — here is what Binary Coin promises: https://binarycoin.io/ Screenshot directly from their promotional YouTube Video Seem familiar? 2. Bitfinite ( ) — they are guaranteeing even high returns than BitConnect… https://www.bitfinite.co/ Screenshot directly from Bitfinite website 3. EthConnect ( ) — guaranteeing up to 45% return, with 0.2% daily return https://ethconnect.com/ Screenshot directly from EthEconnect website 4. Gold Reward ( ) — now guaranteeing up to https://goldreward.io/ 45% PER MONTH Screenshot directly from Gold Reward Website And the list goes on… ExacoinFalcon CoinFicoinForzacoinGoldgateHextracoinIdeacoinKnox CoinLendconnectLoopXMartcoinMoneroconnectMonetize CoinMonyxNeoconnectPagarexRegalcoinSecular CoinTEX CoinWestern Coin The ridiculous thing is…these are just the ones I’ve found through a quick Google search in relation to cryptocurrency lending platforms. I hope this list will help some of you in the future. Protect yourselves out there in the wild west of cryptocurrency!

Don’t fall for another BitConnect — key steps to take before you invest in cryptocurrency

Should You Care About Mail Etiquette at Work? Definitely. Writing mails is part of almost everyone’s job, whether we like it or not. Making a few mistakes in your work mails won’t jeopardize your career, but why not look competent, always being clear and to the point? I write at least over a dozen emails weekly, and it can be challenging to precisely deliver the message each time. Wondering about the proper text structure is painstaking too. If I can both save time and get what I want regardless of the topic of my mail using AI, then it’s a win-win. 3 Golden Rules for Effective Email Writing When writing mails, I try to stick to a few simple rules that make life easier for me and the ones reading them. Including the call to action in the subject line - Don’t force your recipient to waste time and search for what you want in the body of the text. Also makes it easier to go back to your mail history and find what you need.


Keeping it as focused as possible - Try to stick to one topic, whether it is a question, request, or explanation. If not, I at least try to make a short bullet-point summary of the mail content.


Proofreading - I look for any typos and double-check the important data included. The former is not even done manually; I also use ChatGPT to save time (an article on effective proofreading with AI will be coming in the future). ChatGPT Input for Any Work-Related Mail I try to keep the prompt simple but include all the necessary elements like the Subject Line (with Call to Action), Greeting, Action Details, and Ending (Sum up and Goodbye). I make some additional comments about the language and sentence structures just to avoid complex and convoluted AI-like sentences. Copy and paste ChatGPT input for a clear and effective mail: Write a mail to a coworker named (here put the name), following the established Subject Line-Greeting-Action details-Ending framework on the topic of (here put your topic) including additional details: (here put some additional details regarding the topic).
Subject line: one sentence that shortly and precisely informs the recipient about the main topic of the mail. Includes call to action.
Example: We need to schedule a team call this week.
Greeting: Dear, (coworker’s name)
Action details: 3-4 short sentences which describe of the main focus of the mail and additional details connected with the topic. Asking for the opinion of the recipient and giving some alternatives for the solution of the wanted action. Short analysis all aspects of the mentioned details.
Ending: 1 sentence sum up and a goodbye greeting with a space for the author’s signature.
Keep the language simple and clear but not too informal. Keep the body of the text as focused and short as possible. Just to show you that it really doesn’t matter what call to action the mail is regarding, here are some outputs I got: Regarding a request for a personal evaluation survey: Subject line: Annual Personal Self-Evaluation Survey – Your Input Needed by March 1st
Greeting: Dear Andy,
Action details: As we approach the annual self-evaluation process, I kindly request your input for the personal self-evaluation survey. Please take a moment to reflect on your achievements and challenges from the previous year. The deadline for submission is March 1st, 2024. Feel free to review your goals from last year before completing the survey. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to reach out to our manager for clarification.
Ending: Your timely response is greatly appreciated. Best regards,
[Your Name] Here explaining the missing invoice: Subject line: Missing Invoice for January 2024 – Resolved, Apologies for the Oversight
Greeting: Dear Janet,
Action details: I hope this message finds you well. I recently discovered that the January 2024 invoice was mistakenly placed in the wrong folder on my end. I have rectified the error and already sent it to the client. My sincere apologies for any inconvenience caused. Please let me know if you have any further questions or if there's anything else I can assist you with regarding this matter.
Ending: Thank you for your understanding. Best regards,
[Your Name] Or yet, another one asking questions about the team meeting: Subject line: Team Meeting This Week – Unable to Attend, Request for Summary
Greeting: Dear Mary,
Action details: I hope this message finds you well. Unfortunately, due to a family commitment, I won't be able to attend the team meeting scheduled for this week. Could you please let me know if there are any critical updates or important discussions planned? I would greatly appreciate a brief summary to ensure I stay informed. If there's a specific agenda or document I should review, please share that as well. Thank you for your assistance.
Ending: Your help is much appreciated. Best regards,
[Your Name] How to Add a Personal Touch? In this case, by personal touch, I mean how to make it sound more like me and maybe a bit less formal. There are 2 ways. I either manually delete the fragments that do not fit my style, for example, certain adjectives or unnecessary questions regarding one’s well-being. Or, I add new commands and let ChatGPT do it for me. I find those useful: Make it more personal, but still fitting to the work environment
Delete unnecessary adjectives making the mail artificially too polite or excited
Do not include the part about someone doing well Here is the improved mail regarding the team meeting: Subject line: Team Meeting Update – Need Your Help
Greeting: Hi Mary,
Action details: I won't be able to make it to the team meeting this week due to a family commitment. Could you please keep me in the loop on any critical updates or important discussions? A brief summary would be really helpful. If there's a specific agenda or document I should check out, please share that too. Thanks for your assistance.
Ending: Appreciate your help. Best,
[Your Name] I personally like the improved version best, but it really depends on your individual work environment and relationships with certain coworkers. The whole process is easy, repeatable regardless of the situation, and can be done in a couple of minutes. Try out those prompt ideas, and stop wasting time double-checking your emails! Thanks for reading Productive Impact! Click subscribe on the left to receive new posts and support my work. Check out my newsletter. And other socials: @productiveimpct Should You Care About Mail Etiquette at Work? Definitely. Writing mails is part of almost everyone’s job, whether we like it or not. Making a few mistakes in your work mails won’t jeopardize your career, but why not look competent, always being clear and to the point? I write at least over a dozen emails weekly, and it can be challenging to precisely deliver the message each time. Wondering about the proper text structure is painstaking too. If I can both save time and get what I want regardless of the topic of my mail using AI, then it’s a win-win. 3 Golden Rules for Effective Email Writing When writing mails, I try to stick to a few simple rules that make life easier for me and the ones reading them. Including the call to action in the subject line - Don’t force your recipient to waste time and search for what you want in the body of the text. Also makes it easier to go back to your mail history and find what you need. Keeping it as focused as possible - Try to stick to one topic, whether it is a question, request, or explanation. If not, I at least try to make a short bullet-point summary of the mail content. Proofreading - I look for any typos and double-check the important data included. The former is not even done manually; I also use ChatGPT to save time (an article on effective proofreading with AI will be coming in the future). Including the call to action in the subject line - Don’t force your recipient to waste time and search for what you want in the body of the text. Also makes it easier to go back to your mail history and find what you need. Including the call to action in the subject line - Don’t force your recipient to waste time and search for what you want in the body of the text. Also makes it easier to go back to your mail history and find what you need. Including the call to action in the subject line Keeping it as focused as possible - Try to stick to one topic, whether it is a question, request, or explanation. If not, I at least try to make a short bullet-point summary of the mail content. Keeping it as focused as possible - Try to stick to one topic, whether it is a question, request, or explanation. If not, I at least try to make a short bullet-point summary of the mail content. Keeping it as focused as possible Proofreading - I look for any typos and double-check the important data included. The former is not even done manually; I also use ChatGPT to save time (an article on effective proofreading with AI will be coming in the future). Proofreading - I look for any typos and double-check the important data included. The former is not even done manually; I also use ChatGPT to save time (an article on effective proofreading with AI will be coming in the future). Proofreading ChatGPT Input for Any Work-Related Mail I try to keep the prompt simple but include all the necessary elements like the Subject Line (with Call to Action), Greeting, Action Details, and Ending (Sum up and Goodbye). I make some additional comments about the language and sentence structures just to avoid complex and convoluted AI-like sentences. Copy and paste ChatGPT input for a clear and effective mail: Write a mail to a coworker named (here put the name), following the established Subject Line-Greeting-Action details-Ending framework on the topic of (here put your topic) including additional details: (here put some additional details regarding the topic). Subject line: one sentence that shortly and precisely informs the recipient about the main topic of the mail. Includes call to action. Example: We need to schedule a team call this week. Greeting: Dear, (coworker’s name) Action details: 3-4 short sentences which describe of the main focus of the mail and additional details connected with the topic. Asking for the opinion of the recipient and giving some alternatives for the solution of the wanted action. Short analysis all aspects of the mentioned details. Ending: 1 sentence sum up and a goodbye greeting with a space for the author’s signature. Keep the language simple and clear but not too informal. Keep the body of the text as focused and short as possible. Write a mail to a coworker named (here put the name), following the established Subject Line-Greeting-Action details-Ending framework on the topic of (here put your topic) including additional details: (here put some additional details regarding the topic). Subject line: one sentence that shortly and precisely informs the recipient about the main topic of the mail. Includes call to action. Example: We need to schedule a team call this week. Greeting: Dear, (coworker’s name) Action details: 3-4 short sentences which describe of the main focus of the mail and additional details connected with the topic. Asking for the opinion of the recipient and giving some alternatives for the solution of the wanted action. Short analysis all aspects of the mentioned details. Ending: 1 sentence sum up and a goodbye greeting with a space for the author’s signature. Keep the language simple and clear but not too informal. Keep the body of the text as focused and short as possible. Just to show you that it really doesn’t matter what call to action the mail is regarding, here are some outputs I got: Regarding a request for a personal evaluation survey: Regarding a request for a personal evaluation survey: Regarding a request for a personal evaluation survey: Regarding a request for a personal evaluation survey: Subject line: Annual Personal Self-Evaluation Survey – Your Input Needed by March 1st Greeting: Dear Andy, Action details: As we approach the annual self-evaluation process, I kindly request your input for the personal self-evaluation survey. Please take a moment to reflect on your achievements and challenges from the previous year. The deadline for submission is March 1st, 2024. Feel free to review your goals from last year before completing the survey. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to reach out to our manager for clarification. Ending: Your timely response is greatly appreciated. Best regards, [Your Name] Subject line: Annual Personal Self-Evaluation Survey – Your Input Needed by March 1st Greeting: Dear Andy, Action details: As we approach the annual self-evaluation process, I kindly request your input for the personal self-evaluation survey. Please take a moment to reflect on your achievements and challenges from the previous year. The deadline for submission is March 1st, 2024. Feel free to review your goals from last year before completing the survey. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to reach out to our manager for clarification. Ending: Your timely response is greatly appreciated. Best regards, [Your Name] Here explaining the missing invoice: Here explaining the missing invoice: Here explaining the missing invoice: Here explaining the missing invoice: Subject line: Missing Invoice for January 2024 – Resolved, Apologies for the Oversight Greeting: Dear Janet, Action details: I hope this message finds you well. I recently discovered that the January 2024 invoice was mistakenly placed in the wrong folder on my end. I have rectified the error and already sent it to the client. My sincere apologies for any inconvenience caused. Please let me know if you have any further questions or if there's anything else I can assist you with regarding this matter. Ending: Thank you for your understanding. Best regards, [Your Name] Subject line: Missing Invoice for January 2024 – Resolved, Apologies for the Oversight Greeting: Dear Janet, Action details: I hope this message finds you well. I recently discovered that the January 2024 invoice was mistakenly placed in the wrong folder on my end. I have rectified the error and already sent it to the client. My sincere apologies for any inconvenience caused. Please let me know if you have any further questions or if there's anything else I can assist you with regarding this matter. Ending: Thank you for your understanding. Best regards, [Your Name] Or yet, another one asking questions about the team meeting: Or yet, another one asking questions about the team meeting: Or yet, another one asking questions about the team meeting: Or yet, another one asking questions about the team meeting: Subject line: Team Meeting This Week – Unable to Attend, Request for Summary Greeting: Dear Mary, Action details: I hope this message finds you well. Unfortunately, due to a family commitment, I won't be able to attend the team meeting scheduled for this week. Could you please let me know if there are any critical updates or important discussions planned? I would greatly appreciate a brief summary to ensure I stay informed. If there's a specific agenda or document I should review, please share that as well. Thank you for your assistance. Ending: Your help is much appreciated. Best regards, [Your Name] Subject line: Team Meeting This Week – Unable to Attend, Request for Summary Greeting: Dear Mary, Action details: I hope this message finds you well. Unfortunately, due to a family commitment, I won't be able to attend the team meeting scheduled for this week. Could you please let me know if there are any critical updates or important discussions planned? I would greatly appreciate a brief summary to ensure I stay informed. If there's a specific agenda or document I should review, please share that as well. Thank you for your assistance. Ending: Your help is much appreciated. Best regards, [Your Name] How to Add a Personal Touch? In this case, by personal touch, I mean how to make it sound more like me and maybe a bit less formal. There are 2 ways. I either manually delete the fragments that do not fit my style, for example, certain adjectives or unnecessary questions regarding one’s well-being. Or, I add new commands and let ChatGPT do it for me. I find those useful: Make it more personal, but still fitting to the work environment Delete unnecessary adjectives making the mail artificially too polite or excited Do not include the part about someone doing well Make it more personal, but still fitting to the work environment Make it more personal, but still fitting to the work environment Delete unnecessary adjectives making the mail artificially too polite or excited Delete unnecessary adjectives making the mail artificially too polite or excited Do not include the part about someone doing well Do not include the part about someone doing well Here is the improved mail regarding the team meeting: Subject line: Team Meeting Update – Need Your Help Greeting: Hi Mary, Action details: I won't be able to make it to the team meeting this week due to a family commitment. Could you please keep me in the loop on any critical updates or important discussions? A brief summary would be really helpful. If there's a specific agenda or document I should check out, please share that too. Thanks for your assistance. Ending: Appreciate your help. Best, [Your Name] Subject line: Team Meeting Update – Need Your Help Greeting: Hi Mary, Action details: I won't be able to make it to the team meeting this week due to a family commitment. Could you please keep me in the loop on any critical updates or important discussions? A brief summary would be really helpful. If there's a specific agenda or document I should check out, please share that too. Thanks for your assistance. Ending: Appreciate your help. Best, [Your Name] I personally like the improved version best, but it really depends on your individual work environment and relationships with certain coworkers. The whole process is easy, repeatable regardless of the situation, and can be done in a couple of minutes. Try out those prompt ideas, and stop wasting time double-checking your emails! Thanks for reading Productive Impact! Click subscribe on the left to receive new posts and support my work. Check out my newsletter . newsletter And other socials: @productiveimpct @productiveimpct

How to Use ChatGPT to E-mail Like a Pro

These 13 Hidden Open-Source Libraries Will Help You Become an AI Wizard 🧙‍♂️🪄 

এই 13টি লুকানো ওপেন-সোর্স লাইব্রেরি আপনাকে এআই উইজার্ড হতে সাহায্য করবে 🧙‍♂️🪄 

Diese 13 versteckten Open-Source-Bibliotheken helfen Ihnen, ein KI-Zauberer zu werden 🧙‍♂️🪄

Estas 13 bibliotecas ocultas de código abierto te ayudarán a convertirte en un mago de la IA 🧙‍♂️🪄 

Ces 13 bibliothèques open source cachées vous aideront à devenir un assistant d'IA 🧙‍♂️🪄 

ये 13 छुपी हुई ओपन-सोर्स लाइब्रेरीज़ आपको AI जादूगर बनने में मदद करेंगी 🧙‍♂️🪄

これら 13 個の隠れたオープンソース ライブラリは、AI ウィザードになるために役立ちます 🧙‍♂️🪄

이 13개의 숨겨진 오픈 소스 라이브러리는 당신이 AI 마법사가 되는 데 도움이 될 것입니다 🧙‍♂️🪄 

Estas 13 bibliotecas ocultas de código aberto ajudarão você a se tornar um assistente de IA 🧙‍♂️🪄 

Эти 13 скрытых библиотек с открытым исходным кодом помогут вам стать волшебником искусственного интеллекта 🧙‍♂️🪄 

Bu 13 Gizli Açık Kaynak Kitaplığı Bir Yapay Zeka Sihirbazı Olmanıza Yardımcı Olacak 🧙‍♂️🪄 

13 thư viện mã nguồn mở ẩn này sẽ giúp bạn trở thành phù thủy AI 🧙‍♂️🪄 

这 13 个隐藏的开源库将帮助你成为 AI 奇才🧙‍♂️🪄

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ব্লকচেইন dApps-এ AI আনার জন্য একজন নবাগত বিকাশকারীর গাইড

Ein Leitfaden für Entwicklerneulinge zum Integrieren von KI in Blockchain-dApps

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Guide du développeur débutant pour intégrer l'IA dans les dApps Blockchain

ब्लॉकचेन dApps में AI लाने के लिए एक नौसिखिया डेवलपर की मार्गदर्शिका

ブロックチェーン dApps に AI を導入するための初心者開発者向けガイド

블록체인 dApp에 AI를 도입하기 위한 초보자 개발자 가이드

Guia do desenvolvedor novato para trazer IA para dApps Blockchain

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将人工智能引入区块链 dApp 的新手开发者指南

Virtual Event Connects Participants with Grant Funding Opportunities and Industry Leaders SI3, an organization championing women and non-binary individuals in the Web3 space, has announced its inaugural "Granting Access" event on August 1, 2024. The virtual gathering will connect participants with grant funding opportunities at major blockchain and protocol organizations and features representatives from Gitcoin, LUKSO, ThankArb, Push Protocol, and Unlock Protocol. "Granting Access" is designed to foster financial inclusion and access for underrepresented groups within the Web3 ecosystem. The event will kick off with a keynote presentation by Kara Howard, Co-Creator of SI3 and the Si Her Co-Active, who emphasized the importance of unifying and accelerating the growth of women in Web3. "We are thrilled to host Granting Access, an event that aligns with our mission to drive financial inclusion and access for women and non-binary individuals in the Web3 ecosystem," said Howard. "We hope to foster a more equitable and diverse Web3 landscape by bringing together leaders and grant programs." Panel discussions will feature Elizabeth Cusma (EducationDAO), Mashal Waqar (Octant), and Reena Shtedle (Founding Member, Cosmos Cartel), moderated by Ksenia Stark (Co-Founder, ⅄Oᒋ⅋NOISՈᖵNOϽ and Partner Growth, SI3) delving into strategies for equity and financial inclusion in the space. The sessions will provide attendees with a unique opportunity to engage directly with representatives from leading blockchain and protocol organizations. Participants are set to learn about various grant programs, funding priorities, and application processes, gaining valuable insights into securing financial support for their Web3 projects and initiatives. FIXX: Building a More Inclusive Web3 Future The "Granting Access" event is just one facet of SI3's broader mission to empower women and non-binary individuals in Web3. Their flagship initiative, FIXX (Financial Inclusion XX Chromosome), is a comprehensive program providing education, mentorship, and community-building opportunities. FIXX's upcoming program, starting in September 2024, will feature monthly sessions on personal values, unconscious bias, diversity in marketing, DEI strategies, advocacy, and impact tracking. By equipping participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in the Web3 landscape, FIXX is helping to build a more inclusive and equitable future for all. A Call to Action SI3's "Granting Access" event and the FIXX initiative represent a significant step forward in fostering diversity and inclusion within the Web3 community. "I'm excited about this event because it’s a chance to push for more recognition of women in web3 and learn from others. I believe that equity and financial inclusion are key to real progress and innovation," Mathilde DV, Grants Program Lead at Gitcoin, said. As the decentralized technology landscape continues to evolve, it is essential to ensure that opportunities are accessible to everyone, regardless of gender or background. After all, DEI isn’t a “nice to have” or a cause driven by ethical and moral issues - diverse, equitable, and inclusive teams contribute to financial success by fostering innovative, engaged, and productive workforces that create products and services that work for and resonate with a broader range of consumers and investors. Despite DEI layoffs at major corporations such as Microsoft, the momentum is building, and the message is clear: a more diverse and equitable Web3 is not just an aspiration but a necessity for the industry's continued success. Interested participants can register for Granting Access via Unlock. Virtual Event Connects Participants with Grant Funding Opportunities and Industry Leaders Virtual Event Connects Participants with Grant Funding Opportunities and Industry Leaders SI3 , an organization championing women and non-binary individuals in the Web3 space, has announced its inaugural "Granting Access" event on August 1, 2024. The virtual gathering will connect participants with grant funding opportunities at major blockchain and protocol organizations and features representatives from Gitcoin , LUKSO , ThankArb , Push Protocol , and Unlock Protocol . SI3 Gitcoin LUKSO ThankArb Push Protocol Unlock Protocol " Granting Access " is designed to foster financial inclusion and access for underrepresented groups within the Web3 ecosystem. The event will kick off with a keynote presentation by Kara Howard, Co-Creator of SI3 and the Si Her Co-Active, who emphasized the importance of unifying and accelerating the growth of women in Web3. Granting Access "We are thrilled to host Granting Access, an event that aligns with our mission to drive financial inclusion and access for women and non-binary individuals in the Web3 ecosystem," said Howard. "We hope to foster a more equitable and diverse Web3 landscape by bringing together leaders and grant programs." Panel discussions will feature Elizabeth Cusma ( EducationDAO ), Mashal Waqar ( Octant ), and Reena Shtedle (Founding Member, Cosmos Cartel ), moderated by Ksenia Stark (Co-Founder, ⅄Oᒋ⅋NOISՈᖵNOϽ and Partner Growth, SI3) delving into strategies for equity and financial inclusion in the space. EducationDAO Octant Cosmos Cartel ⅄Oᒋ⅋NOISՈᖵNOϽ The sessions will provide attendees with a unique opportunity to engage directly with representatives from leading blockchain and protocol organizations. Participants are set to learn about various grant programs , funding priorities, and application processes, gaining valuable insights into securing financial support for their Web3 projects and initiatives. learn about various grant programs FIXX: Building a More Inclusive Web3 Future FIXX: Building a More Inclusive Web3 Future The "Granting Access" event is just one facet of SI3's broader mission to empower women and non-binary individuals in Web3. Their flagship initiative, FIXX (Financial Inclusion XX Chromosome), is a comprehensive program providing education, mentorship, and community-building opportunities. FIXX's upcoming program, starting in September 2024, will feature monthly sessions on personal values, unconscious bias, diversity in marketing, DEI strategies, advocacy, and impact tracking. By equipping participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to thrive in the Web3 landscape, FIXX is helping to build a more inclusive and equitable future for all. A Call to Action A Call to Action SI3's "Granting Access" event and the FIXX initiative represent a significant step forward in fostering diversity and inclusion within the Web3 community. "I'm excited about this event because it’s a chance to push for more recognition of women in web3 and learn from others. I believe that equity and financial inclusion are key to real progress and innovation," Mathilde DV, Grants Program Lead at Gitcoin, said. As the decentralized technology landscape continues to evolve, it is essential to ensure that opportunities are accessible to everyone, regardless of gender or background. After all, DEI isn’t a “nice to have” or a cause driven by ethical and moral issues - diverse, equitable, and inclusive teams contribute to financial success by fostering innovative, engaged, and productive workforces that create products and services that work for and resonate with a broader range of consumers and investors. Despite DEI layoffs at major corporations such as Microsoft , the momentum is building, and the message is clear: a more diverse and equitable Web3 is not just an aspiration but a necessity for the industry's continued success. Interested participants can register for Granting Access via Unlock . DEI layoffs at major corporations such as Microsoft register for Granting Access via Unlock

Empowering Change: SI3's "Granting Access" Event Boosts Diversity in Web3

COPA v. Wright, Court Filing, retrieved on January 29, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part of this filing here. This part is 41 of 42. 39. The Sartre Message (Particulars of Claim at [23]-[25] {A/2/8}) The First Pleaded Example 761. On 2 May 2016, the various press outlets with whom Dr Wright had collaborated to try to demonstrate he was Satoshi published their articles on the ‘proof’ that Dr Wright had given. Dr Wright had sought to show that he was Satoshi to BBC and Economist journalists by demonstrating current possession of one of Satoshi’s private keys. Dr Wright sought to demonstrate his possession of such a private key by signing a message with the private key. 762. Dr Wright claimed to present a message, a hash of the message, and a signature of the hash in the form of the text of a speech by Jean-Paul Sartre (the “Sartre Message”). The signature was purported to correspond to a private key associated with Bitcoins mined in Block 9 of the Bitcoin blockchain (which are believed to be Bitcoins mined by Satoshi). (a) COPA’s Reasons for Alleging Forgery 763. The Sartre Message offered no such proof. COPA allege that Dr Wright took a signature from a transaction on the public Bitcoin blockchain published first in 2009 and republished it. Dr Wright presented a fragment of the Sartre Message and claimed that the signature corresponded to the Sartre Message. However, the provided signature was that of a 2009-era Bitcoin transaction that was publicly available in the blockchain and not one that was contemporaneously generated with regard to the Sartre Message (or one that corresponded to the Sartre Message). (b) Dr Wright’s Explanations and COPA’s Rebuttal 764. Dr Wright has accepted that the digital signature in the Sartre Message was one relating to a pre-existing transaction which was and remained publicly available on the Bitcoin Blockchain (Defence, [42] {A/3/15}). As his expert in cryptocurrency technology, Mr Gao, agreed, the signature was the same information as in the signature used in the Satoshi Nakamoto / Hal Finney transaction, but presented in base 64 rather than base 16 {Day18/42:22}. 765. Dr Wright claimed that, as would have been obvious from the text of the Sartre Message, it was never intended to provide proof of his possession of the private key associated with the Block 9 coinbase transaction. COPA submitted that that claim should be rejected for the following reasons: 765.1. Multiple emails setting out arrangements for the “big reveal” of Dr Wright as Satoshi (which were sent to Dr Wright among others) made clear that this message was supposed to present a genuine digital signature of a new message using this private key: see for instance {L13/40/1}. 765.2. Dr Wright and his representatives had led the journalists with whom they had dealt to believe that the Sartre Message would present such a genuine digital signature of a new message, as can be seen from the articles they published on 2 May 2016: {L13/205/11} (the Economist); {L18/330/4} (GQ). 765.3. When Dr Wright’s own group of supporters (including Stefan Matthews and Calvin Ayre) became aware that online commentators had demonstrated that the Sartre Message had not contained a genuine digital signature of a new message, they reacted with surprise and great disappointment: see email chain of 2 May 2016 at {L13/97/1}. 765.4. Mr Matonis and Mr Andresen (one of the Bitcoin developers) with whom he had conducted private “signing sessions”, reacted in the same way: see their emails at {L12/213} and {L13/166} and Mr Andresen’s evidence in the Kleiman proceedings at {E/17/132} and {E/17/154} (Dr Wright “certainly deceived me about what kind of blog post he was going to publish, and that gobbledygook proof that he published was certainly deception”). 765.5. Dr Wright did not respond to the concerns of his own supporters by saying what he now says; viz, that the Sartre Message had never been intended to present a genuine digital signature. Rather, he claimed that the problem was that the wrong copy had been uploaded: see {L13/97/1}, {L13/169/1}. That was false: the Sartre Message had been discredited because it did not include the promised genuine digital signature. 765.6. Dr Wright told the Court that it was easy to tell that the signature presented in the Sartre Message was a representation of an existing signature {Day7/164:22}. That was false. As his own expert (Mr Gao) told the Court, it had taken “extraordinary internet detective work to connect the signature with one of the early bitcoin addresses”: see {I/2/62}; {Day19/43:23} to {Day18/44:6}. 765.7. In the Sartre Message, Dr Wright claimed that he would explain the process of verifying a cryptographic signature {L18/257/3}. He also claimed that the signature would be of a new message relating to Sartre (i.e. a new text not previously used for a signature) {L18/257/6-7}. In the Sartre Message, he presented a single digital signature for verification {L18/257/11}. The clear indication was that this was a signature of the new message. Further, he drew a direct link between his supposed signing of messages in private sessions (with journalists, Mr Matonis and Mr Andresen), by saying that he “could have simply signed a message in electrum as [he] did in private sessions” rather than adopting the more complex Open SSL method of signature verification used in the Sartre Message. Overall, while it was written in a complex and occasionally obscure manner, the Sartre Message represented that a new message was being signed with a key associated with Satoshi Nakamoto (as had supposedly happened in the private signing sessions). (c) Conclusion 766. Dr Wright’s forgery in the Sartre message was particularly clumsy, which is why the true nature of the message was quickly identified by many in the Bitcoin community. Dr Wright’s excuse – that he never intended to provide a genuine digital signature of a new message – was plainly false and dreamt up, in my judgment, after the event. Continue Reading Here. About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings.

This court case retrieved on January 29, 2024, judiciary.uk is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. COPA v. Wright, Court Filing, retrieved on January 29, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series. You can jump to any part of this filing here. This part is 41 of 42. COPA v. Wright, Court Filing, retrieved on January 29, 2024, is part of HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series . You can jump to any part of this filing here . This part is 41 of 42. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here here 39. The Sartre Message (Particulars of Claim at [23]-[25] {A/2/8}) The First Pleaded Example 761. On 2 May 2016, the various press outlets with whom Dr Wright had collaborated to try to demonstrate he was Satoshi published their articles on the ‘proof’ that Dr Wright had given. Dr Wright had sought to show that he was Satoshi to BBC and Economist journalists by demonstrating current possession of one of Satoshi’s private keys. Dr Wright sought to demonstrate his possession of such a private key by signing a message with the private key. 762. Dr Wright claimed to present a message, a hash of the message, and a signature of the hash in the form of the text of a speech by Jean-Paul Sartre (the “Sartre Message”). The signature was purported to correspond to a private key associated with Bitcoins mined in Block 9 of the Bitcoin blockchain (which are believed to be Bitcoins mined by Satoshi). (a) COPA’s Reasons for Alleging Forgery (a) COPA’s Reasons for Alleging Forgery 763. The Sartre Message offered no such proof. COPA allege that Dr Wright took a signature from a transaction on the public Bitcoin blockchain published first in 2009 and republished it. Dr Wright presented a fragment of the Sartre Message and claimed that the signature corresponded to the Sartre Message. However, the provided signature was that of a 2009-era Bitcoin transaction that was publicly available in the blockchain and not one that was contemporaneously generated with regard to the Sartre Message (or one that corresponded to the Sartre Message). (b) Dr Wright’s Explanations and COPA’s Rebuttal (b) Dr Wright’s Explanations and COPA’s Rebuttal 764. Dr Wright has accepted that the digital signature in the Sartre Message was one relating to a pre-existing transaction which was and remained publicly available on the Bitcoin Blockchain (Defence, [42] {A/3/15}). As his expert in cryptocurrency technology, Mr Gao, agreed, the signature was the same information as in the signature used in the Satoshi Nakamoto / Hal Finney transaction, but presented in base 64 rather than base 16 {Day18/42:22}. 765. Dr Wright claimed that, as would have been obvious from the text of the Sartre Message, it was never intended to provide proof of his possession of the private key associated with the Block 9 coinbase transaction. COPA submitted that that claim should be rejected for the following reasons: 765.1. Multiple emails setting out arrangements for the “big reveal” of Dr Wright as Satoshi (which were sent to Dr Wright among others) made clear that this message was supposed to present a genuine digital signature of a new message using this private key: see for instance {L13/40/1}. 765.2. Dr Wright and his representatives had led the journalists with whom they had dealt to believe that the Sartre Message would present such a genuine digital signature of a new message, as can be seen from the articles they published on 2 May 2016: {L13/205/11} (the Economist); {L18/330/4} (GQ). 765.3. When Dr Wright’s own group of supporters (including Stefan Matthews and Calvin Ayre) became aware that online commentators had demonstrated that the Sartre Message had not contained a genuine digital signature of a new message, they reacted with surprise and great disappointment: see email chain of 2 May 2016 at {L13/97/1}. 765.4. Mr Matonis and Mr Andresen (one of the Bitcoin developers) with whom he had conducted private “signing sessions”, reacted in the same way: see their emails at {L12/213} and {L13/166} and Mr Andresen’s evidence in the Kleiman proceedings at {E/17/132} and {E/17/154} (Dr Wright “certainly deceived me about what kind of blog post he was going to publish, and that gobbledygook proof that he published was certainly deception”). 765.5. Dr Wright did not respond to the concerns of his own supporters by saying what he now says; viz, that the Sartre Message had never been intended to present a genuine digital signature. Rather, he claimed that the problem was that the wrong copy had been uploaded: see {L13/97/1}, {L13/169/1}. That was false: the Sartre Message had been discredited because it did not include the promised genuine digital signature. 765.6. Dr Wright told the Court that it was easy to tell that the signature presented in the Sartre Message was a representation of an existing signature {Day7/164:22}. That was false. As his own expert (Mr Gao) told the Court, it had taken “extraordinary internet detective work to connect the signature with one of the early bitcoin addresses”: see {I/2/62}; {Day19/43:23} to {Day18/44:6}. 765.7. In the Sartre Message, Dr Wright claimed that he would explain the process of verifying a cryptographic signature {L18/257/3}. He also claimed that the signature would be of a new message relating to Sartre (i.e. a new text not previously used for a signature) {L18/257/6-7}. In the Sartre Message, he presented a single digital signature for verification {L18/257/11}. The clear indication was that this was a signature of the new message. Further, he drew a direct link between his supposed signing of messages in private sessions (with journalists, Mr Matonis and Mr Andresen), by saying that he “could have simply signed a message in electrum as [he] did in private sessions” rather than adopting the more complex Open SSL method of signature verification used in the Sartre Message. Overall, while it was written in a complex and occasionally obscure manner, the Sartre Message represented that a new message was being signed with a key associated with Satoshi Nakamoto (as had supposedly happened in the private signing sessions). (c) Conclusion (c) Conclusion 766. Dr Wright’s forgery in the Sartre message was particularly clumsy, which is why the true nature of the message was quickly identified by many in the Bitcoin community. Dr Wright’s excuse – that he never intended to provide a genuine digital signature of a new message – was plainly false and dreamt up, in my judgment, after the event. Continue Reading Here. Continue Reading Here . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on January 29, 2024, judiciary.uk is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on January 29, 2024, judiciary.uk is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. judiciary.uk judiciary.uk

Debunking Craig Wright's Sartre Message

Holodeck Heroes: Building AI Companions for the Final Frontier

Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification VI. Concluding Remark and References III. APPROACH I: MAINTAIN A LEDGER LOCALLY - RUN A FULL NODE For any user, the most straightforward way to access any blockchain is to maintain its ledger on their computer. A user can maintain a ledger by running a full node on their machine which constantly interacts with the whole blockchain network to keep track of the blocks on the ledger, even without participating in profit-generating activities like mining or staking. Such behavior is usually encouraged by blockchain protocols, as it is frequently cited to help propagate the peer-to-peer network and improve the security guarantee of the network [27]. Most blockchain services provide an optional interface within their node software that allows the user to fetch refined information from the node they own. The interface is usually implemented with the mechanism known as the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) [42]. In this request-response mechanism, the user’s node serves as a server that accumulates information about the ledger through the network and answers the user’s query (see Fig. 2) when they initiate one. Most RPC queries are transmitted as a JSON message between the client and the node. For example, in Bitcoin, a user can query the balance of their wallet by calling getbalance, sending the following JSON via HTTP to the node [8]: The result from the node is a numerical value, indicating the amount of balance available in the loaded wallet. A. Cost Consideration As the data on any blockchain continues to grow, running a node capable of accessing and storing all information on the ledger (known as a full node in most blockchains) is becoming increasingly more expensive. Official documentations and some unofficial tutorials outline the minimal system specification for Bitcoin [7], Ethereum [26], Solana [50], Zcash [21], Litecoin [5], Ripple [53], Dash [18], and Monero [14] (see Table I). In particular, in blockchains based heavily on smart contracts, like Ethereum and Solana, full nodes have a high minimal system requirement: it is unlikely for every casual user to have a full-time server of 700GB of disk space, 8GB of RAM and 10Mbps of Internet connection dedicated to running an Ethereum full node. Meanwhile, if the user wants to access more advanced information, they may need additional indexes built on top of a full node, which requires even more hardware power. For instance, an Ethereum archive node that can access all historical states takes more than 12TB disk space to run [26]. Solana’s RPC nodes that provide RPC functionality also require a 16-core CPU in addition to more than 256GB RAM [50]. More accessibility functionalities such as subscribing to certain events may require the node to interface with the web socket, which further amplifies the hardware demand. Therefore, in most scenarios, casual users outsource at least part of the ledger to an external system and query the system when necessary. B. Open Questions Traditional research on the cost of running nodes on blockchains usually focuses on the mining aspect [51] [54], since this is the only profit-generating activity of the proof-of-work blockchains. Because the cost of running a full node is negligible compared to the cost of mining equipment, it is usually overlooked. While proof-of-stake systems do not have the problem of mining, the amount any validator has to stake to participate in the system usually outweighs the cost of running a full node, and the system-running cost is not considered heavily in the economics [28]. As a result, while the most secure way for any user to interact with the blockchain is to run their full node locally, it is not well-studied what the cost of keeping a full node online is. In particular, we note that some popular payment methods such as Zcash and Litecoin have little information on the hardware required to run a full node that synchronizes with the network. Studies are needed to determine the exact cost for users to access blockchains most securely. On the flip side, there have been attempts to run full nodes of Bitcoin and Litecoin on Raspberry Pi 3, eliminating the setup of a traditional server entirely [37] [38]. It remains to be determined if such a method can be adopted to reduce the cost of running a full node. Authors:
(1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu);
(2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com);
(3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. Table of Links Abstract and I. Introduction Abstract and I. Introduction II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility II. Expectations of Blockchain Accessibility III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node III. Approach I: Maintain a Ledger Locally - Run a Full Node IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) IV. Approach II: Query a Third-Party Ledger-Node-As-A-Service (NAAS) V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification V. Approach III: Light Node - External Query & Local Verification VI. Concluding Remark and References VI. Concluding Remark and References III. APPROACH I: MAINTAIN A LEDGER LOCALLY - RUN A FULL NODE For any user, the most straightforward way to access any blockchain is to maintain its ledger on their computer. A user can maintain a ledger by running a full node on their machine which constantly interacts with the whole blockchain network to keep track of the blocks on the ledger, even without participating in profit-generating activities like mining or staking. Such behavior is usually encouraged by blockchain protocols, as it is frequently cited to help propagate the peer-to-peer network and improve the security guarantee of the network [27]. Most blockchain services provide an optional interface within their node software that allows the user to fetch refined information from the node they own. The interface is usually implemented with the mechanism known as the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) [42]. In this request-response mechanism, the user’s node serves as a server that accumulates information about the ledger through the network and answers the user’s query (see Fig. 2) when they initiate one. Most RPC queries are transmitted as a JSON message between the client and the node. For example, in Bitcoin, a user can query the balance of their wallet by calling getbalance, sending the following JSON via HTTP to the node [8]: The result from the node is a numerical value, indicating the amount of balance available in the loaded wallet. A. Cost Consideration A. Cost Consideration As the data on any blockchain continues to grow, running a node capable of accessing and storing all information on the ledger (known as a full node in most blockchains) is becoming increasingly more expensive. Official documentations and some unofficial tutorials outline the minimal system specification for Bitcoin [7], Ethereum [26], Solana [50], Zcash [21], Litecoin [5], Ripple [53], Dash [18], and Monero [14] (see Table I). In particular, in blockchains based heavily on smart contracts, like Ethereum and Solana, full nodes have a high minimal system requirement: it is unlikely for every casual user to have a full-time server of 700GB of disk space, 8GB of RAM and 10Mbps of Internet connection dedicated to running an Ethereum full node. Meanwhile, if the user wants to access more advanced information, they may need additional indexes built on top of a full node, which requires even more hardware power. For instance, an Ethereum archive node that can access all historical states takes more than 12TB disk space to run [26]. Solana’s RPC nodes that provide RPC functionality also require a 16-core CPU in addition to more than 256GB RAM [50]. More accessibility functionalities such as subscribing to certain events may require the node to interface with the web socket, which further amplifies the hardware demand. Therefore, in most scenarios, casual users outsource at least part of the ledger to an external system and query the system when necessary. B. Open Questions B. Open Questions Traditional research on the cost of running nodes on blockchains usually focuses on the mining aspect [51] [54], since this is the only profit-generating activity of the proof-of-work blockchains. Because the cost of running a full node is negligible compared to the cost of mining equipment, it is usually overlooked. While proof-of-stake systems do not have the problem of mining, the amount any validator has to stake to participate in the system usually outweighs the cost of running a full node, and the system-running cost is not considered heavily in the economics [28]. As a result, while the most secure way for any user to interact with the blockchain is to run their full node locally, it is not well-studied what the cost of keeping a full node online is. In particular, we note that some popular payment methods such as Zcash and Litecoin have little information on the hardware required to run a full node that synchronizes with the network. Studies are needed to determine the exact cost for users to access blockchains most securely. On the flip side, there have been attempts to run full nodes of Bitcoin and Litecoin on Raspberry Pi 3, eliminating the setup of a traditional server entirely [37] [38]. It remains to be determined if such a method can be adopted to reduce the cost of running a full node. Authors: (1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu); (2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com); (3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). Authors: Authors: (1) Zhongtang Luo, Purdue University (luo401@purdue.edu); (2) Rohan Murukutla, Supra (r.murukutla@supraoracles.com); (3) Aniket Kate, Purdue University / Supra (aniket@purdue.edu). This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Running a Full Node: A Comprehensive Guide to Maintaining a Blockchain Ledger Locally

If you spend more time on coffee than on IT security, you will be hacked. What’s more, you deserve to be hacked. “Richard Clarke” Data is generated daily, and it’s considered the fuel that drives innovation. Often referred to as the new oil, data is one of the most precious assets in today's digital world. It motivates threat actors to launch cyber attacks to gain money, steal information, and obtain industrial secrets. With the advent of the generative AI era, many AI tools can be exploited to leak sensitive data at any time. For businesses, this poses a significant cyber threat. To combat these cyber threats, a skilled cybersecurity workforce equipped with advanced tools is essential to thwart any potential cyber attack. The Promise and Challenges of Workforce Replacement with AI Since the advent of the generative AI hype, many people joke that a significant portion of the workforce will be replaced by AI tools. However, considering the capabilities of threat actors to exploit AI tools, it’s clear that we need a robust and powerful cybersecurity workforce to secure our data. With the help of API security and a suite of monitoring tools, we can safeguard data continuously. It is crucial to protect users in this exciting yet turbulent era where trust is more essential than ever. Key Steps for Securing Data Daily in the Workforce Continuous Training of Teams: Regularly update and train employees on the latest cybersecurity practices and threats.
Comprehensive Security Measures: Security should be a priority at all levels of each company, not just within the IT department.
Dedicated Cybersecurity Workforce: AI will not secure itself; we need a skilled and dedicated workforce to protect our new digital world.
Ongoing Learning for Data Engineers: Data engineers should continuously learn best security practices to safeguard data in the generative AI era. Awareness of AI Vulnerabilities: Even AI models like ChatGPT by OpenAI can be tricked into leaking data. Users must always exercise caution when using such tools. The Generative AI Hype With the advent of ChatGPT to the public, thousands of developers and coders are racing to build innovative tools that integrate API. However, many of these developers lack strong security skills in software development, and what they create in haste could damage their reputation and lead to bankruptcy. The generative AI era brings a new experience in learning but also poses significant security threats due to tools containing vulnerabilities that threat actors can exploit. Security is everyone's responsibility. To mitigate these risks, we need robust APIs for better security. As the industry faces increasing cyber-attacks, maintaining trust in these technologies becomes crucial. Steps to Build Trust in This Exciting and Turbulent Time Implement API Security: Enhance data security and privacy by incorporating robust API security measures.


Regular Security Communication: Reassure users by maintaining regular security updates and communications, ensuring they feel safe using your services at all times.


Foster Transparency: Build trust by being transparent with users, especially when issues arise. Open communication fosters confidence in your commitment to their security. API Security APIs are the cornerstone of success for many companies in the tech industry. They connect us to large language models (LLMs) and provide access to data that would be difficult to gather or analyze on our own. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential for enhanced data protection and system integrity. What’s the Value of API Security? The value of API security in the generative AI era is crucial for several reasons: Data Protection: APIs serve as a gateway to a wealth of information, but they can also be an entry point for threat actors if security is not properly implemented. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential to protect users' data from unauthorized access, regardless of the location of potential threats.


Data Leak Prevention: All tools contain vulnerabilities and can leak data if exploited. API security helps prevent data leakage by implementing robust security measures that safeguard against potential breaches.


Building Trust: Users need assurance that their data is protected daily. API security helps companies avoid reputational damage by ensuring continuous data protection, thereby building and maintaining user trust.


Compliance with Regulations: Regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate stringent data protection measures. API security ensures compliance with these regulations by safeguarding data exchanges and maintaining audit trails, which are essential for regulatory adherence. Conclusion Regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate rigorous data protection measures. Ensuring API security is crucial for compliance with these regulations. It safeguards data exchanges, maintains audit trails, and ensures regulatory adherence, helping businesses avoid penalties and build trust with their customers. Implementing robust API security protocols can protect sensitive information, support legal compliance, and enhance overall data privacy. If you spend more time on coffee than on IT security, you will be hacked. What’s more, you deserve to be hacked. “Richard Clarke” If you spend more time on coffee than on IT security, you will be hacked. What’s more, you deserve to be hacked. “Richard Clarke” Data is generated daily, and it’s considered the fuel that drives innovation . Often referred to as the new oil, data is one of the most precious assets in today's digital world. It motivates threat actors to launch cyber attacks to gain money, steal information, and obtain industrial secrets. Data is generated daily, and it’s considered the fuel that drives innovation Data is generated daily, and it’s considered the fuel that drives innovation With the advent of the generative AI era, many AI tools can be exploited to leak sensitive data at any time. For businesses, this poses a significant cyber threat. To combat these cyber threats, a skilled cybersecurity workforce equipped with advanced tools is essential to thwart any potential cyber attack. The Promise and Challenges of Workforce Replacement with AI The Promise and Challenges of Workforce Replacement with AI Since the advent of the generative AI hype , many people joke that a significant portion of the workforce will be replaced by AI tools. However, considering the capabilities of threat actors to exploit AI tools, it’s clear that we need a robust and powerful cybersecurity workforce to secure our data. the generative AI hype the generative AI hype With the help of API security and a suite of monitoring tools, we can safeguard data continuously. It is crucial to protect users in this exciting yet turbulent era where trust is more essential than ever. Key Steps for Securing Data Daily in the Workforce Key Steps for Securing Data Daily in the Workforce Continuous Training of Teams: Regularly update and train employees on the latest cybersecurity practices and threats. Comprehensive Security Measures: Security should be a priority at all levels of each company, not just within the IT department. Dedicated Cybersecurity Workforce: AI will not secure itself; we need a skilled and dedicated workforce to protect our new digital world. Ongoing Learning for Data Engineers: Data engineers should continuously learn best security practices to safeguard data in the generative AI era. Continuous Training of Teams: Regularly update and train employees on the latest cybersecurity practices and threats. Continuous Training of Teams: Comprehensive Security Measures: Security should be a priority at all levels of each company, not just within the IT department. Comprehensive Security Measures: Dedicated Cybersecurity Workforce: AI will not secure itself; we need a skilled and dedicated workforce to protect our new digital world. Dedicated Cybersecurity Workforce: Ongoing Learning for Data Engineers: Data engineers should continuously learn best security practices to safeguard data in the generative AI era. Ongoing Learning for Data Engineers: Awareness of AI Vulnerabilities: Even AI models like ChatGPT by OpenAI can be tricked into leaking data. Users must always exercise caution when using such tools. Awareness of AI Vulnerabilities: The Generative AI Hype The Generative AI Hype With the advent of ChatGPT to the public, thousands of developers and coders are racing to build innovative tools that integrate API. However, many of these developers lack strong security skills in software development, and what they create in haste could damage their reputation and lead to bankruptcy. The generative AI era brings a new experience in learning but also poses significant security threats due to tools containing vulnerabilities that threat actors can exploit. Security is everyone's responsibility. To mitigate these risks, we need robust APIs for better security. As the industry faces increasing cyber-attacks, maintaining trust in these technologies becomes crucial. Steps to Build Trust in This Exciting and Turbulent Time Steps to Build Trust in This Exciting and Turbulent Time Implement API Security: Enhance data security and privacy by incorporating robust API security measures. Regular Security Communication: Reassure users by maintaining regular security updates and communications, ensuring they feel safe using your services at all times. Foster Transparency: Build trust by being transparent with users, especially when issues arise. Open communication fosters confidence in your commitment to their security. Implement API Security: Enhance data security and privacy by incorporating robust API security measures. Implement API Security: Enhance data security and privacy by incorporating robust API security measures. Implement API Security: Regular Security Communication: Reassure users by maintaining regular security updates and communications, ensuring they feel safe using your services at all times. Regular Security Communication: Reassure users by maintaining regular security updates and communications, ensuring they feel safe using your services at all times. Regular Security Communication: Foster Transparency: Build trust by being transparent with users, especially when issues arise. Open communication fosters confidence in your commitment to their security. Foster Transparency: Build trust by being transparent with users, especially when issues arise. Open communication fosters confidence in your commitment to their security. Foster Transparency: API Security API Security APIs are the cornerstone of success for many companies in the tech industry. They connect us to large language models (LLMs) and provide access to data that would be difficult to gather or analyze on our own. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential for enhanced data protection and system integrity. What’s the Value of API Security? The value of API security in the generative AI era is crucial for several reasons: Data Protection: APIs serve as a gateway to a wealth of information, but they can also be an entry point for threat actors if security is not properly implemented. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential to protect users' data from unauthorized access, regardless of the location of potential threats. Data Leak Prevention: All tools contain vulnerabilities and can leak data if exploited. API security helps prevent data leakage by implementing robust security measures that safeguard against potential breaches. Building Trust: Users need assurance that their data is protected daily. API security helps companies avoid reputational damage by ensuring continuous data protection, thereby building and maintaining user trust. Compliance with Regulations: Regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate stringent data protection measures. API security ensures compliance with these regulations by safeguarding data exchanges and maintaining audit trails, which are essential for regulatory adherence. Data Protection: APIs serve as a gateway to a wealth of information, but they can also be an entry point for threat actors if security is not properly implemented. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential to protect users' data from unauthorized access, regardless of the location of potential threats. Data Protection : APIs serve as a gateway to a wealth of information, but they can also be an entry point for threat actors if security is not properly implemented. In the generative AI era, robust API security is essential to protect users' data from unauthorized access, regardless of the location of potential threats. Data Protection Data Leak Prevention: All tools contain vulnerabilities and can leak data if exploited. API security helps prevent data leakage by implementing robust security measures that safeguard against potential breaches. Data Leak Prevention : All tools contain vulnerabilities and can leak data if exploited. API security helps prevent data leakage by implementing robust security measures that safeguard against potential breaches. Data Leak Prevention Building Trust: Users need assurance that their data is protected daily. API security helps companies avoid reputational damage by ensuring continuous data protection, thereby building and maintaining user trust. Building Trust : Users need assurance that their data is protected daily. API security helps companies avoid reputational damage by ensuring continuous data protection, thereby building and maintaining user trust. Building Trust Compliance with Regulations: Regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate stringent data protection measures. API security ensures compliance with these regulations by safeguarding data exchanges and maintaining audit trails, which are essential for regulatory adherence. Compliance with Regulations: Regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate stringent data protection measures. API security ensures compliance with these regulations by safeguarding data exchanges and maintaining audit trails, which are essential for regulatory adherence. Compliance with Regulations: Conclusion Regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA mandate rigorous data protection measures. Ensuring API security is crucial for compliance with these regulations. It safeguards data exchanges, maintains audit trails, and ensures regulatory adherence, helping businesses avoid penalties and build trust with their customers. Implementing robust API security protocols can protect sensitive information, support legal compliance, and enhance overall data privacy.

Data Engineering: What’s the Value of API Security in the Generative AI Era?

Inconsistencies Found in Craig Wright’s MYOB Bitcoin Transactions

Hello guys, in the previous article, we talked about the basic parts of the network like Network - Layer Network - Packet - OSI Models, and so on. This time, we want to talk about network access services. So, First Of All, Whats network access services (NAS)? NAS refers to services that allow the users to access computer networks or the internet. These services encompass various methods and tech for connection to a network and can be used in different environments, including home networks or public networks. Key Components of Network Access: Authentication

The process of verifying and confirming the identity of a user. This typically involves entering a username and password.


Authorization

Once the user identity is verified, this step determines what resources and services the user has access to.


Accounting

Recording and tracking user activities on the network for various purposes such as security, resource management, and billing.


Access Control

Managing and monitoring user access to the network and its resources based on defined policies and rules. Types of Network Access Services: Dial-up

Using telephone lines to connect to the internet of a network.


Broadband

Includes DSL, cable, fiber optics, and other high-speed internet connection methods.


Wireless Networks WI-FI

Connecting to local wireless networks.


VPN (Virtual-Private-Network)

Creating a source connection to another network over the internet.


Mobile Access

Using cellular networks (such as 3G 4G 5G) to connect to the internet. Applications of Network Access Services Companies and Organizations

This is to connect employees to the internal company network and access internal resources remotely .


Internet Service Providers(ISPs)

To provide internet access to residential and business customers.


Public Places

Such as hotels, airports, and coffee shops that offer public WI-FI services. Protocols & TECH RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service)

A networking protocol for authentication and authorization services


TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus)

A protocol for providing authentication and authorization services


802.1X:

A standard for networking access control based on the IEEE protocol Network Access Services are a fundamental part of network management and information security, ensuring secure and efficient user access to network resources. Thanks for reading. Regards Elliot :) Previous Article →  https://hackernoon.com/network-part-1-a-beginners-guide Hello guys, in the previous article, we talked about the basic parts of the network like Network - Layer Network - Packet - OSI Models, and so on. This time, we want to talk about network access services. So, First Of All, Whats network access services (NAS)? So, First Of All, Whats network access services (NAS)? NAS refers to services that allow the users to access computer networks or the internet. These services encompass various methods and tech for connection to a network and can be used in different environments, including home networks or public networks. Key Components of Network Access: Key Components of Network Access: Authentication

The process of verifying and confirming the identity of a user. This typically involves entering a username and password. Authorization

Once the user identity is verified, this step determines what resources and services the user has access to. Accounting

Recording and tracking user activities on the network for various purposes such as security, resource management, and billing. Access Control

Managing and monitoring user access to the network and its resources based on defined policies and rules. Authentication The process of verifying and confirming the identity of a user. This typically involves entering a username and password. The process of verifying and confirming the identity of a user. This typically involves entering a username and password. The process of verifying and confirming the identity of a user. This typically involves entering a username and password. Authorization Once the user identity is verified, this step determines what resources and services the user has access to. Once the user identity is verified, this step determines what resources and services the user has access to. Once the user identity is verified, this step determines what resources and services the user has access to. Accounting Recording and tracking user activities on the network for various purposes such as security, resource management, and billing. Recording and tracking user activities on the network for various purposes such as security, resource management, and billing. Recording and tracking user activities on the network for various purposes such as security, resource management, and billing. Access Control Managing and monitoring user access to the network and its resources based on defined policies and rules. Managing and monitoring user access to the network and its resources based on defined policies and rules. Managing and monitoring user access to the network and its resources based on defined policies and rules. Types of Network Access Services: Types of Network Access Services: Dial-up

Using telephone lines to connect to the internet of a network. Broadband

Includes DSL, cable, fiber optics, and other high-speed internet connection methods. Wireless Networks WI-FI

Connecting to local wireless networks. VPN (Virtual-Private-Network)

Creating a source connection to another network over the internet. Mobile Access

Using cellular networks (such as 3G 4G 5G) to connect to the internet. Dial-up Using telephone lines to connect to the internet of a network. Using telephone lines to connect to the internet of a network. Using telephone lines to connect to the internet of a network. Broadband Includes DSL, cable, fiber optics, and other high-speed internet connection methods. Includes DSL, cable, fiber optics, and other high-speed internet connection methods. Includes DSL, cable, fiber optics, and other high-speed internet connection methods. Wireless Networks WI-FI Connecting to local wireless networks. Connecting to local wireless networks. Connecting to local wireless networks. VPN (Virtual-Private-Network) Creating a source connection to another network over the internet. Creating a source connection to another network over the internet. Creating a source connection to another network over the internet. Mobile Access Using cellular networks (such as 3G 4G 5G) to connect to the internet. Using cellular networks (such as 3G 4G 5G) to connect to the internet. Using cellular networks (such as 3G 4G 5G) to connect to the internet. Applications of Network Access Services Companies and Organizations

This is to connect employees to the internal company network and access internal resources remotely . Internet Service Providers(ISPs)

To provide internet access to residential and business customers. Public Places

Such as hotels, airports, and coffee shops that offer public WI-FI services. Companies and Organizations This is to connect employees to the internal company network and access internal resources remotely . This is to connect employees to the internal company network and access internal resources remotely . This is to connect employees to the internal company network and access internal resources remotely . Internet Service Providers(ISPs) To provide internet access to residential and business customers. To provide internet access to residential and business customers. To provide internet access to residential and business customers. Public Places Such as hotels, airports, and coffee shops that offer public WI-FI services. Such as hotels, airports, and coffee shops that offer public WI-FI services. Such as hotels, airports, and coffee shops that offer public WI-FI services. Protocols & TECH RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service)

A networking protocol for authentication and authorization services TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus)

A protocol for providing authentication and authorization services 802.1X:

A standard for networking access control based on the IEEE protocol RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service) A networking protocol for authentication and authorization services A networking protocol for authentication and authorization services A networking protocol for authentication and authorization services TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) A protocol for providing authentication and authorization services A protocol for providing authentication and authorization services A protocol for providing authentication and authorization services 802.1X: A standard for networking access control based on the IEEE protocol A standard for networking access control based on the IEEE protocol A standard for networking access control based on the IEEE protocol Network Access Services are a fundamental part of network management and information security, ensuring secure and efficient user access to network resources. Thanks for reading. Regards Elliot :) Previous Article → https://hackernoon.com/network-part-1-a-beginners-guide https://hackernoon.com/network-part-1-a-beginners-guide

Network++ Part 2

More than 300 exabytes of data are created every day. To put that number into perspective, one exabyte equals one billion gigabytes. Considering the amount of data being created, there is a need for more efficient and easier data management and analytics. The recent proliferation of AI in people's personal and professional lives explains why they would look at AI to address their data management challenges. In fact, 64% of business owners believe AI will help them increase productivity. Data mapping, a crucial step in data management, is ideal for automation. It's a repetitive and time-consuming process, making it well-suited for AI. Automating data mapping can free up time for higher-priority tasks. This post looks at data mapping and its different types, and the role of data mapping in data management. It will also discuss how the combination of AI and data mapping makes data management easy and accessible and presents opportunities for organizations and software vendors alike. What is Data Mapping? Data mapping connects and transforms data to be shared from one system or database to another. Consider this: A business wants to launch a referral reward program. It has a database holding all its customer data and wants to connect it to a database holding purchase records. Mapping the relevant data from the source to the newly merged database lets it do just that. With the databases properly mapped, the business will now have access to actionable information in real time, letting them know which customers to contact for the program. In other words, data mapping helps different databases connect and communicate. This can improve business intelligence capabilities throughout the organization. It also allows core functions like Marketing, Product Development, and Finance to operate synergistically, using real-time data to drive their decision-making. Types of Data Mapping Data mapping has three main types: manual, semi-automated, and automated. The manual approach to data mapping has been the norm for decades. However, semi-automated and automated data mapping approaches are quickly gaining ground due to their benefits. Let’s look at some of these benefits: Manual Data Mapping
Manual mapping offers users greater flexibility and control over their data flow. However, it can be a long and repetitive process. If done using coding languages like SQL or C++, it requires a lot of working hours and technical expertise. Manual data mapping is no longer a practical option, considering the amount of data that organizations create every minute. Semi-Automated Data Mapping
The semi-automated approach offers a good balance between flexibility and efficiency. A good example of semi-automated data mapping is schema maps. Semi-automated data mappers use visual representations of the data maps, allowing users with limited technical knowledge to construct dataflows. This approach is less time-intensive and doesn’t require much coding expertise. However, it still needs some technical knowledge, regardless of whether an organization relies on coding or drag-and-drop solutions. Automated Data Mapping Automated data mapping offers many benefits compared to manual and semi-automated data mapping. For instance, it offers flexibility and speed and doesn’t require technical knowledge. The automated approach makes scheduling, scaling, and deploying your dataflows easy. However, the necessary technical training will be platform-specific and not necessarily transferable. The Importance of Data Mapping As businesses collect more data, data mapping becomes increasingly essential. This scenario is even more challenging because businesses gather data from multiple sources. That data becomes unusable if they fail to collect, organize, clean, and transform it into actionable insights properly and on time. In other words, proper data mapping is like implementing a filing system to ensure that all your data ends up in the right place, in the suitable format, at the right time. With this filing system, your organization will catch up in data management, analytics, and business intelligence functions. AI and Data Mapping The trend of AI adoption in data management relates to the evolving data needs of organizations. With efficiency and ease of use as priorities, AI’s role becomes even more important in data management, specifically data mapping. For instance, semi-automated data mapping solutions were present well before the AI boom. So, the need to automate the data mapping process is not new. Even so, the AI wave has the potential to make fully automated data mapping the standard practice in data management. With AI getting tons of attention and resources, the time is right for organizations and software vendors to solve data management challenges using AI. While AI is already being implemented across data management tools, full data mapping automation is still a work in progress. Nevertheless, the following are some ways AI is democratizing data management by transforming the data mapping process: Automated Discovery of Data Sources and Attributes: AI-powered data mappers automate the discovery of relevant data sources, attributes, and possible connections. This allows users to eliminate the lengthy steps of manual data mapping. Users can fine-tweak the AI-generated maps to their specific needs and accept or reject AI suggestions as they see fit. This significantly simplifies data mapping, letting users handle complex dataflows in relatively shorter times.


Contextual Analysis to Identify Patterns and Connections: What sets AI apart from generic automation tools is its ability to think and analyze. An example is interaction with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT or Gemini. These LLMs can understand the context and tailor their responses accordingly. Similarly, AI-powered data mapping solutions can analyze and interpret the data fields to intelligently identify and establish patterns and relationships. This significantly reduces the technical knowledge requirement, allowing even beginners to use data management solutions with little expertise.


Simplified Schema Mapping: Data mapping algorithms also use pattern recognition to identify semantic relationships. This simplifies schema mapping as AI can find similarities between seemingly unrelated schemas. In short, AI-assisted field and schema mapping ensure smooth data integration, reducing complexity for end-users. AI and Data Mapping: Why It’s a Good Combination Data mapping is a crucial step, but it can get repetitive and taxing quickly. By incorporating AI, data management platforms can streamline, speed up, and simplify the entire process for their end-users. Moreover, by cutting the requirement for technical knowledge, software vendors and organizations alike can promote data literacy among their internal and external stakeholders. As a result, organizations can promote a more efficient and effective use of data across their functions. For instance, marketers without coding experience can gather actionable campaign insights. Similarly, the Research and Development team can leverage data from Customer Support to improve their offerings. Similarly, software vendors can cater to a larger customer base by customizing their offerings for non-technical users. They can empower their customers to move beyond the traditional approach, democratizing data management across all relevant functions. This win-win proposition should encourage AI adoption for data mapping among all stakeholders. Conclusion Combining data mapping and AI is a logical step to meet the evolving needs of data management for all stakeholders. For businesses, it democratizes data management, simplifies the data mapping process, and saves time and costs. For software vendors, this integration provides access to a larger audience, increasing profitability and reach. For end users, the AI and data mapping combination makes their day-to-day work easier, faster, and more effective. More than 300 exabytes of data are created every day. To put that number into perspective, one exabyte equals one billion gigabytes. 300 exabytes of data Considering the amount of data being created, there is a need for more efficient and easier data management and analytics. The recent proliferation of AI in people's personal and professional lives explains why they would look at AI to address their data management challenges. In fact, 64% of business owners believe AI will help them increase productivity. 64% of business owners Data mapping , a crucial step in data management, is ideal for automation. It's a repetitive and time-consuming process, making it well-suited for AI. Automating data mapping can free up time for higher-priority tasks. Data mapping This post looks at data mapping and its different types, and the role of data mapping in data management. It will also discuss how the combination of AI and data mapping makes data management easy and accessible and presents opportunities for organizations and software vendors alike. What is Data Mapping? Data mapping connects and transforms data to be shared from one system or database to another. Consider this: A business wants to launch a referral reward program. It has a database holding all its customer data and wants to connect it to a database holding purchase records. Mapping the relevant data from the source to the newly merged database lets it do just that. With the databases properly mapped, the business will now have access to actionable information in real time, letting them know which customers to contact for the program. In other words, data mapping helps different databases connect and communicate. This can improve business intelligence capabilities throughout the organization. It also allows core functions like Marketing, Product Development, and Finance to operate synergistically, using real-time data to drive their decision-making. Types of Data Mapping Data mapping has three main types: manual, semi-automated, and automated. The manual approach to data mapping has been the norm for decades. However, semi-automated and automated data mapping approaches are quickly gaining ground due to their benefits. Let’s look at some of these benefits: Manual Data Mapping Manual mapping offers users greater flexibility and control over their data flow. However, it can be a long and repetitive process. If done using coding languages like SQL or C++, it requires a lot of working hours and technical expertise. Manual data mapping is no longer a practical option, considering the amount of data that organizations create every minute. Manual Data Mapping Semi-Automated Data Mapping The semi-automated approach offers a good balance between flexibility and efficiency. A good example of semi-automated data mapping is schema maps. Semi-automated data mappers use visual representations of the data maps, allowing users with limited technical knowledge to construct dataflows. This approach is less time-intensive and doesn’t require much coding expertise. However, it still needs some technical knowledge, regardless of whether an organization relies on coding or drag-and-drop solutions. Semi-Automated Data Mapping Automated Data Mapping Automated Data Mapping Automated data mapping offers many benefits compared to manual and semi-automated data mapping. For instance, it offers flexibility and speed and doesn’t require technical knowledge. The automated approach makes scheduling, scaling, and deploying your dataflows easy. However, the necessary technical training will be platform-specific and not necessarily transferable. The Importance of Data Mapping As businesses collect more data, data mapping becomes increasingly essential. This scenario is even more challenging because businesses gather data from multiple sources. That data becomes unusable if they fail to collect, organize, clean, and transform it into actionable insights properly and on time. In other words, proper data mapping is like implementing a filing system to ensure that all your data ends up in the right place, in the suitable format, at the right time. With this filing system, your organization will catch up in data management, analytics, and business intelligence functions. AI and Data Mapping The trend of AI adoption in data management relates to the evolving data needs of organizations. With efficiency and ease of use as priorities, AI’s role becomes even more important in data management, specifically data mapping. For instance, semi-automated data mapping solutions were present well before the AI boom. So, the need to automate the data mapping process is not new. Even so, the AI wave has the potential to make fully automated data mapping the standard practice in data management. With AI getting tons of attention and resources, the time is right for organizations and software vendors to solve data management challenges using AI. While AI is already being implemented across data management tools, full data mapping automation is still a work in progress. Nevertheless, the following are some ways AI is democratizing data management by transforming the data mapping process: Automated Discovery of Data Sources and Attributes: AI-powered data mappers automate the discovery of relevant data sources, attributes, and possible connections. This allows users to eliminate the lengthy steps of manual data mapping. Users can fine-tweak the AI-generated maps to their specific needs and accept or reject AI suggestions as they see fit. This significantly simplifies data mapping, letting users handle complex dataflows in relatively shorter times. Contextual Analysis to Identify Patterns and Connections: What sets AI apart from generic automation tools is its ability to think and analyze. An example is interaction with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT or Gemini. These LLMs can understand the context and tailor their responses accordingly. Similarly, AI-powered data mapping solutions can analyze and interpret the data fields to intelligently identify and establish patterns and relationships. This significantly reduces the technical knowledge requirement, allowing even beginners to use data management solutions with little expertise. Simplified Schema Mapping: Data mapping algorithms also use pattern recognition to identify semantic relationships. This simplifies schema mapping as AI can find similarities between seemingly unrelated schemas. In short, AI-assisted field and schema mapping ensure smooth data integration, reducing complexity for end-users. Automated Discovery of Data Sources and Attributes: AI-powered data mappers automate the discovery of relevant data sources, attributes, and possible connections. This allows users to eliminate the lengthy steps of manual data mapping. Users can fine-tweak the AI-generated maps to their specific needs and accept or reject AI suggestions as they see fit. This significantly simplifies data mapping, letting users handle complex dataflows in relatively shorter times. Automated Discovery of Data Sources and Attributes: AI-powered data mappers automate the discovery of relevant data sources, attributes, and possible connections. This allows users to eliminate the lengthy steps of manual data mapping. Users can fine-tweak the AI-generated maps to their specific needs and accept or reject AI suggestions as they see fit. This significantly simplifies data mapping, letting users handle complex dataflows in relatively shorter times. Automated Discovery of Data Sources and Attributes: Contextual Analysis to Identify Patterns and Connections: What sets AI apart from generic automation tools is its ability to think and analyze. An example is interaction with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT or Gemini. These LLMs can understand the context and tailor their responses accordingly. Similarly, AI-powered data mapping solutions can analyze and interpret the data fields to intelligently identify and establish patterns and relationships. This significantly reduces the technical knowledge requirement, allowing even beginners to use data management solutions with little expertise. Contextual Analysis to Identify Patterns and Connections: What sets AI apart from generic automation tools is its ability to think and analyze. An example is interaction with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT or Gemini. These LLMs can understand the context and tailor their responses accordingly. Similarly, AI-powered data mapping solutions can analyze and interpret the data fields to intelligently identify and establish patterns and relationships. This significantly reduces the technical knowledge requirement, allowing even beginners to use data management solutions with little expertise. Contextual Analysis to Identify Patterns and Connections: think analyze. Simplified Schema Mapping: Data mapping algorithms also use pattern recognition to identify semantic relationships. This simplifies schema mapping as AI can find similarities between seemingly unrelated schemas. In short, AI-assisted field and schema mapping ensure smooth data integration, reducing complexity for end-users. Simplified Schema Mapping: Data mapping algorithms also use pattern recognition to identify semantic relationships. This simplifies schema mapping as AI can find similarities between seemingly unrelated schemas. In short, AI-assisted field and schema mapping ensure smooth data integration, reducing complexity for end-users. Simplified Schema Mapping: AI and Data Mapping: Why It’s a Good Combination Data mapping is a crucial step, but it can get repetitive and taxing quickly. By incorporating AI, data management platforms can streamline, speed up, and simplify the entire process for their end-users. Moreover, by cutting the requirement for technical knowledge, software vendors and organizations alike can promote data literacy among their internal and external stakeholders. As a result, organizations can promote a more efficient and effective use of data across their functions. For instance, marketers without coding experience can gather actionable campaign insights. Similarly, the Research and Development team can leverage data from Customer Support to improve their offerings. Similarly, software vendors can cater to a larger customer base by customizing their offerings for non-technical users. They can empower their customers to move beyond the traditional approach, democratizing data management across all relevant functions. This win-win proposition should encourage AI adoption for data mapping among all stakeholders. Conclusion Combining data mapping and AI is a logical step to meet the evolving needs of data management for all stakeholders. For businesses, it democratizes data management, simplifies the data mapping process, and saves time and costs. For software vendors, this integration provides access to a larger audience, increasing profitability and reach. For end users, the AI and data mapping combination makes their day-to-day work easier, faster, and more effective.

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