Chelsea&#x27;s last name is Funk and she said that&#x27;s exactly the situation she found herself in last Friday. Funk is reminding shoppers who use a grocery delivery service to check their receipts after she was scammed out of more than $100.

Online grocery delivery order tampered with, Richmond woman warns of scam | WRIC ABC 8News

LAMAR COUNTY, Miss. (WHLT) – Lamar County deputies are searching for a man who posed as an Amazon delivery driver in order to steal a package. The incident happened in the Chapel Hill subdivision on May 20. Deputies said the man was driving a white 2018 Honda Accord.

Man poses as Amazon delivery driver to steal package in Lamar County

Prime members save $300 per year on average on delivery fees and promotions with Grubhub+.

Grubhub+ is now free with Prime, and customers can place takeout orders directly on Amazon

Domino&#x27;s and Uber Eats are teaming up to give away millions of dollars in free pizza to customers starting May 30.

Domino's, Uber Eats team up to give away $10 million in free pizza: Here's how to get one

Amazon.com Inc. is increasing its stake in Grubhub to as much as 18% and expanding its partnership with the food delivery service to allow US users to order takeout directly on Amazon’s website and shopping app.

Amazon (AMZN) Raises Grubhub Stake, Embeds Food Delivery in App - Bloomberg

Fast Company is the world&#x27;s leading progressive business media brand, with a unique editorial focus on innovation in technology, leadership, and design.

Prime members just got free food delivery, but Amazon could get 18% of 
Grubhub

The approval will allow Prime Air to further expand drone deliveries and lays the foundation to safely scale operations to more locations in the U.S.

Amazon drones can now fly farther and deliver to more customers following FAA approval

Amazon managers initially told the homeowner they wouldn&#x27;t take his call.

Amazon delivery driver reportedly leaves package at smoking garage, doesn't call 911

Amazon Prime Air has been granted approval by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to expand its drone delivery operations.

Amazon Prime Air Receives FAA Approval to Expand Drone Delivery

Amazon has added to its stable of Prime program benefits as it looks to attract and retain members. It&#x27;s now adding Grubhub food delivery as a permanent perk.

Amazon Prime now includes a Grubhub food-delivery subscription

Deliverart

deliverart

THE BATTLE FOR DELIVERANCE FROM THE MOTHER

In the US system, when investors purchase convertible notes from a startup, the startup issues the shares to all investors simultaneously and pledges them as collateral for each c.n. transaction. This allows each investor to claim a fixed stake and, importantly, a % of the shares or a fixed amount of the return on the debt instrument. Let's consider an example of a Seed investment in startup that has released an MVP and attracted some initial clients:The convertible notes are backed by a 12% equity stake for $3m. The terms of the notes allow the holder to return the principal and/or convert them into shares at the option of the note holder upon the liquidity event(sale, liquidation, IPO). Please note that noteholders don't participate in the mgmt of the company and have voting rights only in relation to the sale or any other form of full monetisation of the investment. Notes are not subject to any trading restrictions in the secondary market. A monetisation event could be the sale of the company for $25m, in which case the investor would receive their $3m. If the company is sold for $50m, it becomes a more attractive investment as the stock will be worth $6m. Conversely, if the company is sold for $10m, it may be beneficial to take on debt, with the investor receiving their $3m.If an investor takes equity, the entire value of the company is equity. Conversely, if they take debt, the value of the company is divided into debt and equity, with the remainder being capital to be distributed among the shareholders. A notes are senior to the Seed notes in the event of a liquidity event - this means that the A notes holders will first make the conversion decision, and then the Seed holders. Therefore, the LIFO applies to all rounds.In each round, the investors' shares remain unchanged, but the sale proceeds result in a dilution of the founders' & team's shares. Founders often have the right to veto all matters except the vote on a liquidity event.What if the investors were to exert pressure and only agree to a new round at a 2x liquidation preference? This implies that at the liquidity event, the option is between redeeming the bond at 200% of par value or a block of shares in the security. Consequently, it's possible that all the notes from rounds B-C-D will be presented as debt instruments, leaving only the backers', Seed and A investments in the shares. The implication is that the startup game has a deliberately negative probability of a positive outcome with a positive math expectation. Consequently, it's the median practice that is most worthy of analysis, rather than the "unicorn in 3 years" cases. Focus on the business, not the lottery. It’s also advisable to exercise caution with regard to growth, in order to avoid the necessity of having to select 2-3 preferences. By assigning X's to the note, you're effectively creating a loan at a nominal interest rate! In the US system, when investors purchase convertible notes from a startup, the startup issues the shares to all investors simultaneously and pledges them as collateral for each c.n. transaction. This allows each investor to claim a fixed stake and, importantly, a % of the shares or a fixed amount of the return on the debt instrument. Let's consider an example of a Seed investment in startup that has released an MVP and attracted some initial clients: The convertible notes are backed by a 12% equity stake for $3m. The terms of the notes allow the holder to return the principal and/or convert them into shares at the option of the note holder upon the liquidity event(sale, liquidation, IPO). Please note that noteholders don't participate in the mgmt of the company and have voting rights only in relation to the sale or any other form of full monetisation of the investment. Notes are not subject to any trading restrictions in the secondary market. A monetisation event could be the sale of the company for $25m, in which case the investor would receive their $3m. If the company is sold for $50m, it becomes a more attractive investment as the stock will be worth $6m. Conversely, if the company is sold for $10m, it may be beneficial to take on debt, with the investor receiving their $3m. If an investor takes equity, the entire value of the company is equity. Conversely, if they take debt, the value of the company is divided into debt and equity, with the remainder being capital to be distributed among the shareholders. A notes are senior to the Seed notes in the event of a liquidity event - this means that the A notes holders will first make the conversion decision, and then the Seed holders. Therefore, the LIFO applies to all rounds. In each round, the investors' shares remain unchanged, but the sale proceeds result in a dilution of the founders' & team's shares. Founders often have the right to veto all matters except the vote on a liquidity event. What if the investors were to exert pressure and only agree to a new round at a 2x liquidation preference? This implies that at the liquidity event, the option is between redeeming the bond at 200% of par value or a block of shares in the security. Consequently, it's possible that all the notes from rounds B-C-D will be presented as debt instruments, leaving only the backers', Seed and A investments in the shares. The implication is that the startup game has a deliberately negative probability of a positive outcome with a positive math expectation. Consequently, it's the median practice that is most worthy of analysis, rather than the "unicorn in 3 years" cases. Focus on the business, not the lottery. It’s also advisable to exercise caution with regard to growth, in order to avoid the necessity of having to select 2-3 preferences. By assigning X's to the note, you're effectively creating a loan at a nominal interest rate!

How Can a Startup Avoid Being Taken for a Ride by an Investor?

How I Solved 31% of My Problems: WAKE UP EARLY. How to Wake Up Early: Sleep early. Set an alarm for sleeping, not only for waking up. You can sleep by 9 PM, get 8 hours of sleep, and still wake up by 5 AM 🤷. Why Can’t You Sleep Early Your brain stays awake at night because it doesn’t feel like you’ve done enough. Here’s the science: Your frontal lobes communicate with your brain’s Reticular Activating System (R.A.S.). Which regulates sleep. If your brain doesn’t register the day as productive, it stays active and restless at night. Leading to late-night “grinding” sessions. But in reality, you’re wasting your energy. What I'm Trying to Say: Your brain won't shut up at night and it won't start in the morning because you don't know how to manage your energy. You can’t sleep because your brain knows you left energy on the table—so it keeps you up, trying to compensate. The result? You’re tired and unproductive in the next day, trapped in a vicious cycle. And then you go on Twitter and call yourself a “night owl.” How to Fall Asleep by 9 PM: Work so hard that you’ll be dying to go to bed by 6. When you don’t push yourself, your brain says: “You didn’t do much today. Why would you need to rest?” This leftover energy makes it hard to wind down and go to bed on time. Rest is important, but only when you’ve earned it. Even if you've not completed something important, make sure you sleep by bed time. It's easier to wake up early tomorrow morning when there's a lot to do. It'll keep you from snoozing and manage your time well, cause you know you have to meet up before bedtime. The Synergy Between Work and Rest Both work and rest are crucial. You need to push your energy into stress (work) and recovery (rest) in a deliberate way. If you overuse energy without adequate recovery, you’ll burn out. If you rest too much without pushing yourself, you’ll become mentally weak and unmotivated. Consistent habits like fitness or writing can diminish after some amount of inactivity. Your mental sharpness declines if you aren’t challenging your intellect. The key is to strain your capabilities, recover your energy, and repeat. If you want to be the best at what you do, you need to live like a mental athlete. (I teach this system in my newsletter, to help you push your creative limits so you can be excellent at your creative sport). When to rest The best indicator of whether you need rest is your performance. If you’re unsure whether to work or rest, work with your best effort, then compare your performance to your past. If you're not doing good, rest. If you're doing fine, go do more work, you've shut the devil up. Push, Recover, and Repeat. Stress your mind and body, then recover. This cycle builds competence and prevents burnout. My Personal Hacks to Ensure Optimal Output and Quality Rest: Set a timer so my phone turns off itself for bedtime.
Work out at night to burn off any leftover energy.
Track my performance so I know exactly when to push or rest. I do this with the level up app, it will be available publicly soon. Why You’re Struggling with Sleep (and How to Fix It) It’s not only about how many hours you sleep. When, how, and how often you sleep are critical factors that most people overlook. If you want to wake up early and perform at your best, you need to master these core principles: Duration: Get Enough Sleep—Nothing good happens by 1 AM. Skimping on sleep is a costly mistake. Optimal sleep ranges between 7 to 9 hours. Less than that, and you risk accumulating a sleep debt that messes with your productivity. Sleep Quality: More Than Time in Bed. Even if you get the right amount of sleep, quality matters. You might spend eight hours in bed but still wake up tired because of: Overheating: Your sleep environment is too warm, making you toss and turn. Caffeine too late: Even if you can fall asleep after coffee, the quality of your sleep suffers, etc. Restlessness: If your mind won’t shut up, it’s a sign you didn’t push yourself enough during the day. Cirrcadian Rhythms: Sync with Your Body’s Clock You can’t outsmart biology. Staying up late and sleeping in won’t have the same recovery benefits as sleeping earlier. Even if you get 8 hours from 3 AM to 11 AM, you’ll feel groggy and out of sync. Your brain craves a natural rhythm. Find the time that works best for you and try to stay consistent. Consistency Over Perfection Sticking to a regular sleep schedule is more important than laser precise bed time. As the research shows, seven hours of high-quality consistent sleep beats inconsistent sleep any day. It’s not about hitting numbers. The Trap of “Night Owl” Thinking Sure, some people thrive at night. But the reality for most? Staying up late is a way to procrastinate tomorrow’s work. You're stealing from the next version of you that has to work tomorrow. It's going to be harder and less likely that they clean up your shit. And your shit will continue to pile up until you burn out, you're forced to rest, then you repeat the same piling up of shit. Don’t fall for the night owl trap if it leaves you feeling drained. If you can’t wake up energized, you’re not a night owl—you’re mismanaging your time. Fix your routine, sleep early, sync with your circadian rhythm, and stay consistent. You’ll begin to improve your performance every day. Remember: work hard, rest harder, and repeat. Sign up for my newsletter to get more guidance on performing at your creative peak. Or hit the subscribe button here on Hackernoon and I'll add you. Enjoy the rest of your day. How I Solved 31% of My Problems: How I Solved 31% of My Problems: WAKE UP EARLY. How to Wake Up Early: Sleep early. Set an alarm for sleeping, not only for waking up. You can sleep by 9 PM, get 8 hours of sleep, and still wake up by 5 AM 🤷. Why Can’t You Sleep Early Your brain stays awake at night because it doesn’t feel like you’ve done enough. Here’s the science: Here’s the science: Your frontal lobes communicate with your brain’s Reticular Activating System (R.A.S.). Which regulates sleep. If your brain doesn’t register the day as productive, it stays active and restless at night. Leading to late-night “grinding” sessions. But in reality, you’re wasting your energy. What I'm Trying to Say: Your brain won't shut up at night and it won't start in the morning because you don't know how to manage your energy. You can’t sleep because your brain knows you left energy on the table—so it keeps you up, trying to compensate. The result? You’re tired and unproductive in the next day, trapped in a vicious cycle. And then you go on Twitter and call yourself a “night owl.” How to Fall Asleep by 9 PM: Work so hard that you’ll be dying to go to bed by 6. When you don’t push yourself, your brain says: “You didn’t do much today. Why would you need to rest?” This leftover energy makes it hard to wind down and go to bed on time. Rest is important, but only when you’ve earned it. Even if you've not completed something important, make sure you sleep by bed time. It's easier to wake up early tomorrow morning when there's a lot to do. It'll keep you from snoozing and manage your time well, cause you know you have to meet up before bedtime. The Synergy Between Work and Rest Both work and rest are crucial. You need to push your energy into stress (work) and recovery (rest) in a deliberate way. If you overuse energy without adequate recovery, you’ll burn out. If you rest too much without pushing yourself, you’ll become mentally weak and unmotivated. Consistent habits like fitness or writing can diminish after some amount of inactivity. Your mental sharpness declines if you aren’t challenging your intellect. The key is to strain your capabilities, recover your energy, and repeat. If you want to be the best at what you do, you need to live like a mental athlete. (I teach this system in my newsletter, to help you push your creative limits so you can be excellent at your creative sport). When to rest The best indicator of whether you need rest is your performance. If you’re unsure whether to work or rest, work with your best effort, then compare your performance to your past. If you're not doing good, rest. If you're doing fine, go do more work, you've shut the devil up. Push, Recover, and Repeat. Stress your mind and body, then recover. This cycle builds competence and prevents burnout. My Personal Hacks to Ensure Optimal Output and Quality Rest: Set a timer so my phone turns off itself for bedtime. Work out at night to burn off any leftover energy. Track my performance so I know exactly when to push or rest. Set a timer so my phone turns off itself for bedtime. Work out at night to burn off any leftover energy. Track my performance so I know exactly when to push or rest. I do this with the level up app, it will be available publicly soon. Why You’re Struggling with Sleep (and How to Fix It) It’s not only about how many hours you sleep. When, how, and how often you sleep are critical factors that most people overlook. If you want to wake up early and perform at your best, you need to master these core principles: Duration: Get Enough Sleep—Nothing good happens by 1 AM. Duration: Skimping on sleep is a costly mistake. Optimal sleep ranges between 7 to 9 hours. Less than that, and you risk accumulating a sleep debt that messes with your productivity. Sleep Quality: More Than Time in Bed. Sleep Quality: Even if you get the right amount of sleep, quality matters. You might spend eight hours in bed but still wake up tired because of: Overheating: Your sleep environment is too warm, making you toss and turn. Caffeine too late: Even if you can fall asleep after coffee, the quality of your sleep suffers, etc. Restlessness: If your mind won’t shut up, it’s a sign you didn’t push yourself enough during the day. Cirrcadian Rhythms: Sync with Your Body’s Clock Cirrcadian Rhythms: You can’t outsmart biology. Staying up late and sleeping in won’t have the same recovery benefits as sleeping earlier. Even if you get 8 hours from 3 AM to 11 AM, you’ll feel groggy and out of sync. Your brain craves a natural rhythm. Find the time that works best for you and try to stay consistent. Consistency Over Perfection Consistency Over Perfection Sticking to a regular sleep schedule is more important than laser precise bed time. As the research shows, seven hours of high-quality consistent sleep beats inconsistent sleep any day. It’s not about hitting numbers. The Trap of “Night Owl” Thinking Sure, some people thrive at night. But the reality for most? Staying up late is a way to procrastinate tomorrow’s work. You're stealing from the next version of you that has to work tomorrow. It's going to be harder and less likely that they clean up your shit. And your shit will continue to pile up until you burn out, you're forced to rest, then you repeat the same piling up of shit. Don’t fall for the night owl trap if it leaves you feeling drained. If you can’t wake up energized, you’re not a night owl—you’re mismanaging your time. Fix your routine, sleep early, sync with your circadian rhythm, and stay consistent. You’ll begin to improve your performance every day. Remember: work hard, rest harder, and repeat. Sign up for my newsletter to get more guidance on performing at your creative peak. Or hit the subscribe button here on Hackernoon and I'll add you. Sign up for my newsletter Enjoy the rest of your day.

How I Solved One-Third of My Problems By Fixing This One Habit

Preface*: I spent 3 days with MBA students from 2 of the top 10 universities in the world. Our interactions were within a school environment and comprised of academic and social activities. This includes almost 8 hours of lecture time, 5 hours in parties, and multiple formal and informal interactions over 3 days. Below is a summary of what I uncovered.* “I have my suit packed” I texted my friend half joking, half serious. I was going to be spending the next 3 days with a friend at one of the top 10 universities in the world, and I was going to be participating in an MBA class. I was excited to see my friend, but I didn’t know what to expect from the MBA class and his colleagues. You see, my friend and I have always been different in our approach to career growth. Although we both understood the value of hard work, I relied a lot on my hard skills while his approach placed a great deal of emphasis on soft skills. I always supported his decision to pursue an MBA, but I never understood why he wanted to be a “suit”. To understand my thought process, you have to understand that I started my career initially as a freelance software engineer almost 13 years ago. You know, when tech was about being ‘hardcore.’ My first full-time job was at an organization that treated business team members & MBAs better than members of the tech team. It always felt like a situation of ‘us versus them.’ It was common for members of the tech team to do an online MBA and make the switch to the business team just for the chance at better pay & recognition. The movies and podcasts I consumed also backed this up. MBAs (typically called “suits”) were often portrayed as trust fund know-it-alls who were far removed from the realities of everyday people, didn’t understand how things worked, and somehow felt superior to others. I unconsciously carried this around with me. First Impression My first day was fairly quiet. I spent part of it walking around the campus and understanding where the key areas were. I had started meeting some people from the MBA program, and the first thing I noticed was how ethnically diverse they were. They were also quite friendly and happy to strike up a conversation with a stranger. I got some food, watched a movie, and had an early night in preparation for the class tomorrow. Observations in an Academic Setting The next day, I was sitting in a Negotiation class from 9 am to 4:45 pm. The class included a lecture, a case study based on a variation of real events, a debrief session, and a take-home assignment. People were assigned different roles in the case study. They were given clear but conflicting deliverables that they needed to get out of the negotiation in order for their character to be successful. I sat quietly in the corner, observing; not sure what to expect. The negotiations kicked off and it all felt so real! Everyone embodied their character and was determined to get what they wanted. There was also something different about it. This didn’t feel like a gathering of people who didn’t know how the real world worked. It felt like quite the opposite. I saw people use elite tactics including teamwork and betrayal to get what they wanted from the deal. After negotiating intensely for hours, the group I was part of finally came to a conclusion that was suitable for all parties. When the class was over, I had a chat with a few of the students to understand their motivation to get an MBA and how the journey had been so far. They candidly shared their motivations, which I have summarized in the end notes of this post. Observation in Socials I kicked off socials at a barbecue party with about 50 MBA students moving in and out. As I moved around and got introduced to various groups, our conversations ranged from who made the best soup to Man Utd’s performance this season. It was not what I expected. To be honest, the conversations were a lot more down-to-earth than conversations I’ve had at tech/start-up social events. Nobody was trying to portray themselves as a ‘genius’ or the person who is changing the world. Even though a lot of the people there had done great things before they joined the program. The next stop was a party at one of the popular spots on campus. I was attending with a smaller group as most people were tired from the barbecue or had work to do. We had pre-drinks in one of the dorms and headed out for the night. This time, I spent more time observing the group than actually participating. I could see clearly that they had started building strong friendships that would last a lifetime. Bonding over shared suffering, happiness, and shared destinations. Perhaps this is why it could sometimes seem to outsiders like there’s some sort of ‘clique’. They were spending all this time together and were starting to build friendships that they would gladly defend if necessary. Conclusion/End Notes I woke up on the final day tired but filled with a feeling that I couldn’t quite explain. That was when I noticed it for the first time in 3 days. It was a sticker on the only window in the dormitory that I was in. “Build something Massive.” was boldly written across it. It summarized my thoughts about the MBA program and the students I had met. The program was a chance for ambitious people to learn and to build their lives and careers into something massive, and most of them sacrificed a lot for this opportunity. Over 90% of them are immigrants.
A lot of them are on scholarships that they had to fight for, while some took loans to attend the program.
A lot of them are anxious and working hard to find internships/jobs months before they graduate because they feel the need to start providing value that can offset the cost of their program.
Some of them left their families and cushy jobs/businesses to move into student accommodation for this program. I believe that the summary of these factors is why some of them seem to have a chip on their shoulders when they graduate. They believe that they have sacrificed a lot and deserve to be where they are. If it was you, you may feel the same way too. It’s humbling for me to write this as it exposes my past ignorance. But it’s important to put this out because there are many people who may be even more ignorant. So what did I really uncover about these MBAs? I learned that They’re parents. They’re lovers. They’re dreamers. They reflect everything that’s great about the world and everything that is wrong about it too. (Just like the rest of us.) The world has promised them in this unwritten contract that if they do [x] (i.e., get a prestigious MBA), then doors will open for them. That their hard work and sacrifice would be rewarded. For a lot of them, the MBA is their path to a better life, recognition for their hard work, and a better future. During my time there, I felt very welcome in every circle, though I was meeting a lot of them for the first time. In fact, I may have annoyed some people anytime I was visibly shocked by something they did that went against the stereotype of an MBA. Would I get an MBA? I don’t know yet. But I have even more respect and appreciation for everyone who has gotten an MBA and everyone who plans to get one. You don’t know me, but I’m proud of you. I want to thank Professor Owen for letting me sit in on the class. I enjoyed your approach to teaching the subject, and I appreciate how attentive you were to everyone. I learned a lot about negotiating and about people. Preface *: I spent 3 days with MBA students from 2 of the top 10 universities in the world. Our interactions were within a school environment and comprised of academic and social activities. This includes almost 8 hours of lecture time, 5 hours in parties, and multiple formal and informal interactions over 3 days. Below is a summary of what I uncovered.* Preface Preface “I have my suit packed” I texted my friend half joking, half serious. I was going to be spending the next 3 days with a friend at one of the top 10 universities in the world, and I was going to be participating in an MBA class. I was excited to see my friend, but I didn’t know what to expect from the MBA class and his colleagues. You see, my friend and I have always been different in our approach to career growth. Although we both understood the value of hard work, I relied a lot on my hard skills while his approach placed a great deal of emphasis on soft skills. I always supported his decision to pursue an MBA, but I never understood why he wanted to be a “suit”. To understand my thought process, you have to understand that I started my career initially as a freelance software engineer almost 13 years ago. You know, when tech was about being ‘hardcore.’ My first full-time job was at an organization that treated business team members & MBAs better than members of the tech team. It always felt like a situation of ‘ us versus them. ’ us versus them. It was common for members of the tech team to do an online MBA and make the switch to the business team just for the chance at better pay & recognition. The movies and podcasts I consumed also backed this up. MBAs (typically called “suits”) were often portrayed as trust fund know-it-alls who were far removed from the realities of everyday people, didn’t understand how things worked, and somehow felt superior to others. I unconsciously carried this around with me. First Impression First Impression My first day was fairly quiet. I spent part of it walking around the campus and understanding where the key areas were. I had started meeting some people from the MBA program, and the first thing I noticed was how ethnically diverse they were. They were also quite friendly and happy to strike up a conversation with a stranger. I got some food, watched a movie, and had an early night in preparation for the class tomorrow. Observations in an Academic Setting Observations in an Academic Setting The next day, I was sitting in a Negotiation class from 9 am to 4:45 pm. The class included a lecture, a case study based on a variation of real events , a debrief session, and a take-home assignment. real events People were assigned different roles in the case study. They were given clear but conflicting deliverables that they needed to get out of the negotiation in order for their character to be successful. I sat quietly in the corner, observing; not sure what to expect. The negotiations kicked off and it all felt so real! Everyone embodied their character and was determined to get what they wanted. There was also something different about it. This didn’t feel like a gathering of people who didn’t know how the real world worked. It felt like quite the opposite. I saw people use elite tactics including teamwork and betrayal to get what they wanted from the deal. After negotiating intensely for hours, the group I was part of finally came to a conclusion that was suitable for all parties. When the class was over, I had a chat with a few of the students to understand their motivation to get an MBA and how the journey had been so far. They candidly shared their motivations, which I have summarized in the end notes of this post. Observation in Socials Observation in Socials I kicked off socials at a barbecue party with about 50 MBA students moving in and out. As I moved around and got introduced to various groups, our conversations ranged from who made the best soup to Man Utd’s performance this season. It was not what I expected. To be honest, the conversations were a lot more down-to-earth than conversations I’ve had at tech/start-up social events. Nobody was trying to portray themselves as a ‘genius’ or the person who is changing the world. Even though a lot of the people there had done great things before they joined the program. The next stop was a party at one of the popular spots on campus. I was attending with a smaller group as most people were tired from the barbecue or had work to do. We had pre-drinks in one of the dorms and headed out for the night. This time, I spent more time observing the group than actually participating. I could see clearly that they had started building strong friendships that would last a lifetime. Bonding over shared suffering, happiness, and shared destinations. Perhaps this is why it could sometimes seem to outsiders like there’s some sort of ‘clique’. They were spending all this time together and were starting to build friendships that they would gladly defend if necessary. Conclusion/End Notes Conclusion/End Notes I woke up on the final day tired but filled with a feeling that I couldn’t quite explain. That was when I noticed it for the first time in 3 days. It was a sticker on the only window in the dormitory that I was in. “ Build something Massive. ” was boldly written across it. Build something Massive. It summarized my thoughts about the MBA program and the students I had met. The program was a chance for ambitious people to learn and to build their lives and careers into something massive, and most of them sacrificed a lot for this opportunity. Over 90% of them are immigrants. A lot of them are on scholarships that they had to fight for, while some took loans to attend the program. A lot of them are anxious and working hard to find internships/jobs months before they graduate because they feel the need to start providing value that can offset the cost of their program. Some of them left their families and cushy jobs/businesses to move into student accommodation for this program. Over 90% of them are immigrants. A lot of them are on scholarships that they had to fight for, while some took loans to attend the program. A lot of them are anxious and working hard to find internships/jobs months before they graduate because they feel the need to start providing value that can offset the cost of their program. Some of them left their families and cushy jobs/businesses to move into student accommodation for this program. I believe that the summary of these factors is why some of them seem to have a chip on their shoulders when they graduate. They believe that they have sacrificed a lot and deserve to be where they are. If it was you, you may feel the same way too. It’s humbling for me to write this as it exposes my past ignorance. But it’s important to put this out because there are many people who may be even more ignorant. So what did I really uncover about these MBAs? I learned that They’re parents. They’re lovers. They’re dreamers. They reflect everything that’s great about the world and everything that is wrong about it too. (Just like the rest of us.) The world has promised them in this unwritten contract that if they do [x ] (i.e., get a prestigious MBA), then doors will open for them. That their hard work and sacrifice would be rewarded. [x For a lot of them, the MBA is their path to a better life, recognition for their hard work, and a better future. During my time there, I felt very welcome in every circle, though I was meeting a lot of them for the first time. In fact, I may have annoyed some people anytime I was visibly shocked by something they did that went against the stereotype of an MBA. Would I get an MBA? I don’t know yet. But I have even more respect and appreciation for everyone who has gotten an MBA and everyone who plans to get one. You don’t know me, but I’m proud of you . You don’t know me, but I’m proud of you I want to thank Professor Owen for letting me sit in on the class. I enjoyed your approach to teaching the subject, and I appreciate how attentive you were to everyone. I learned a lot about negotiating and about people.

The Uncovered Secret Lives of MBAs From a Tech Person's Perspective

On the eve of January 9th, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto published the version 0.1 code for Bitcoin software on Sourceforge and launched the network by defining the genesis block of Bitcoin (block 0). I’d like to think that anyone who understood this technology early on would have bought into the hype train pretty quickly. I mean, who wouldn’t be intrigued by the idea of digital money? By promising to empower true peer-to-peer interactions—no middlemen, no banks, no “big brother”—Satoshi’s open-source design welcomed everyone to be part of a network that no single person or entity could own or control. When we view this technology over the long run, it has lived up to its seemingly lofty promises. At the risk of sounding too passionate, it is restorative, reconstructive, and even revolutionary. This technology has led to countless innovations. From the smart contracts and the proof-of-stake functionality of Ethereum to the proof-of-stake mechanism on Solana, to newer blockchains in the Cosmos ecosystem (including Injective, Atom, Celestia, etc.) all growing rapidly and becoming more interconnected. Built on these different blockchains are several products, including games, DeFi (Decentralized Finance), lending and borrowing protocols, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), RWAs (Real World Assets), and many more. One of the latest protocols to launch on the Bitcoin ecosystem, and one that has quickly made waves across the entire crypto space, is the Rune Protocol. The foundation for Rune’s development is closely tied to the rise of the Ordinals protocol. Since Ordinals was introduced, the DeFi ecosystem on Bitcoin has experienced marked growth, paving the way for fungible tokens. What are Runes? Casey Rodarmor, driven by his passion for innovation, was the force behind the creation of the Ordinals protocol. In September 2023, he took his vision further by developing Rune. His goal was to revolutionize the way fungible tokens were issued and controlled directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. In an interview on the Bankless YouTube channel, Casey highlighted that establishing a robust fungible token protocol for Bitcoin could greatly expand its user base, attract more developers, and boost transaction fee revenue. DeFi revolves around fungible tokens. Fungible tokens are digital assets that can be exchanged for other digital assets. They are used to facilitate lending, borrowing, and decentralized exchanges. Although Bitcoin provides a safe, decentralized base for the development of DeFi applications, Ethereum leads in the DeFi department due to its flexibility in the creation of tokens. For fungible tokens, however, the core architecture of Bitcoin poses a problem (taking Omni Layer as an example where the complicated structure of the system is increased by the system’s reliance on extra layers constructed on top of Bitcoin). With Runes, on the other hand, there’s a significant shift as they enhance direct token operations by leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain itself. The Runes protocol is built on a UTXO-based (Unspent Transaction Outputs) foundation that facilitates a more minute transaction management and is consistent with Bitcoin’s original design. How does the Rune Protocol work? Runes are the basic units representing fungible tokens at the center of the protocol. In solid contrast to Ethereum’s ERC-20 standard, the Bitcoin UTXO system comes with Runes built in. Each Rune can be uniquely identified by its Rune ID, which also contains data regarding its value and current output. Three (3) concepts establish the framework of the Runes protocol, namely; 1. UTXOs 2. Runestones 3. OP_RETURN The protocol functions using a mechanism in which each transaction output represents unspent Bitcoin that can be used as input for a new transaction. The protocol utilizes this model to embed data about token creation and transfers directly within Bitcoin transactions. It is totally unlike Ethereum’s account-based system; that’s where the UTXO model comes in. The OP_RETURN function is a Bitcoin opcode that makes it possible to include data in a transaction without compromising its legitimacy. This data, which is just 80 bytes long, contains details regarding the etching and transfer of tokens as well as other features. In contrast to standard Bitcoin transactions, which involve sending currency, OP_RETURN is intended to attach additional data. It is not possible to spend the coins within this output normally. The use case for the OP_RETURN function is wide and cannot be streamlined to runes protocol alone, developers use it to; - Timestamp documents - Store small bits of game data - Embed messages, and of course - Create tokens on Bitcoin Although the main objective of Bitcoin is safe financial transactions, OP_RETURN adds a little flexibility to the platform as it enables the permanent recording of minute amounts of data on the blockchain without obstructing its primary function. The messages that are encoded within transactions using OP_RETURN are called Runestones. These encoded messages include information on the precise operations being carried out with a Rune token, including; adding new units, moving current ones, or destroying them. There are three types of these encoded messages (Runestones) namely; Etching: This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol.
Transfer:  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred.
Burn: This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Runestones are key components in the Rune lifecycle—from its creation to validation. Etching is described as a process of creating a fungible token using the Runes protocol. This major step involves designing a Bitcoin transaction with a special message (encoded using the OP_RETURN opcode). This Runestone serves as an origin for the new token, outlining its salient attributes that include; - A unique name - A recognizable Symbol - Divisibility - Initial Supply After miners have validated and processed a transaction containing etched Runestone, a new Rune token is created and stored in the transaction’s allocated output. Also, another thing to note about the etching process is its permission and compatibility for pre-mining process in which a certain number of the Runes are allocated to the creator’s wallet before they are minted. The transfer of a freshly etched Rune token is carried out by a specialized Runestone known as the transfer Runestone. The message stored in the transfer Runestone for a new Bitcoin transaction highlights the specifics of the move. The attributes that are stored in transfer Runestone include; - The Rune's identity - It helps to identify the exact Rune token being transferred by including its unique ID. - The Current location on the Bitcoin blockchain where the Runes currently reside - The New destination for the Rune token (usually a destination Bitcoin address) - The amount of Rune tokens being transferred The specified quantity of Runes travels to the destination Bitcoin address automatically as soon as miners approve this transaction. The Runes protocol prides itself in its security and this makes it beautiful, and like any working system, the protocol has inbuilt check and balance system to ensure everything runs smoothly. The gatekeepers in the Bitcoin network are the miners and the nodes, who verify every transaction including Runestones. They guarantee that; - Runes aren’t duplicated - Runes aren’t unexpectedly destroyed - Runes follow their designated path In the case of any mishap of a Runestone, for example, an invalid encoding or a missed output, the transaction would get flagged as invalid. To sort this out, Cenotaphs are required. Cenotaphs basically burn/destroy Runes. They act as a deterrent for sloppy UTXO management. This mechanism encourages the conscious and meticulous use of Runes. In conclusion, the introduction of the Runes protocol has upgraded DeFi in the Bitcoin ecosystem and has significantly reduced the entire blockchain bloat. Unlike other token solutions that create tiny, unspendable outputs, Runes focuses on integration with Bitcoin’s UTXO system, and by the reduction of these unspendable outputs, it keeps the blockchain leaner. The Runes protocol represents a major shift in the interaction possibilities of fungible tokens and the Bitcoin network. It also represents how far we have come from Satoshi’s first line of code- Which will undoubtedly bring a smile to his face. On the eve of January 9th, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto published the version 0.1 code for Bitcoin software on Sourceforge and launched the network by defining the genesis block of Bitcoin (block 0). I’d like to think that anyone who understood this technology early on would have bought into the hype train pretty quickly. I mean, who wouldn’t be intrigued by the idea of digital money? By promising to empower true peer-to-peer interactions—no middlemen, no banks, no “big brother”—Satoshi’s open-source design welcomed everyone to be part of a network that no single person or entity could own or control. When we view this technology over the long run, it has lived up to its seemingly lofty promises. At the risk of sounding too passionate, it is restorative, reconstructive, and even revolutionary. This technology has led to countless innovations. From the smart contracts and the proof-of-stake functionality of Ethereum to the proof-of-stake mechanism on Solana, to newer blockchains in the Cosmos ecosystem (including Injective, Atom, Celestia, etc.) all growing rapidly and becoming more interconnected. Built on these different blockchains are several products, including games, DeFi (Decentralized Finance), lending and borrowing protocols, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), RWAs (Real World Assets), and many more. One of the latest protocols to launch on the Bitcoin ecosystem, and one that has quickly made waves across the entire crypto space, is the Rune Protocol. The foundation for Rune’s development is closely tied to the rise of the Ordinals protocol. Since Ordinals was introduced, the DeFi ecosystem on Bitcoin has experienced marked growth, paving the way for fungible tokens. What are Runes? What are Runes? Casey Rodarmor, driven by his passion for innovation, was the force behind the creation of the Ordinals protocol. In September 2023, he took his vision further by developing Rune. His goal was to revolutionize the way fungible tokens were issued and controlled directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. In an interview on the Bankless YouTube channel, Casey highlighted that establishing a robust fungible token protocol for Bitcoin could greatly expand its user base, attract more developers, and boost transaction fee revenue. DeFi revolves around fungible tokens. Fungible tokens are digital assets that can be exchanged for other digital assets. They are used to facilitate lending, borrowing, and decentralized exchanges. Although Bitcoin provides a safe, decentralized base for the development of DeFi applications, Ethereum leads in the DeFi department due to its flexibility in the creation of tokens. For fungible tokens, however, the core architecture of Bitcoin poses a problem (taking Omni Layer as an example where the complicated structure of the system is increased by the system’s reliance on extra layers constructed on top of Bitcoin). With Runes, on the other hand, there’s a significant shift as they enhance direct token operations by leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain itself. The Runes protocol is built on a UTXO-based (Unspent Transaction Outputs) foundation that facilitates a more minute transaction management and is consistent with Bitcoin’s original design. How does the Rune Protocol work? How does the Rune Protocol work? Runes are the basic units representing fungible tokens at the center of the protocol. In solid contrast to Ethereum’s ERC-20 standard, the Bitcoin UTXO system comes with Runes built in. Each Rune can be uniquely identified by its Rune ID, which also contains data regarding its value and current output. Three (3) concepts establish the framework of the Runes protocol, namely; 1. UTXOs 2. Runestones 3. OP_RETURN The protocol functions using a mechanism in which each transaction output represents unspent Bitcoin that can be used as input for a new transaction. The protocol utilizes this model to embed data about token creation and transfers directly within Bitcoin transactions. It is totally unlike Ethereum’s account-based system; that’s where the UTXO model comes in. The OP_RETURN function is a Bitcoin opcode that makes it possible to include data in a transaction without compromising its legitimacy. This data, which is just 80 bytes long, contains details regarding the etching and transfer of tokens as well as other features. In contrast to standard Bitcoin transactions, which involve sending currency, OP_RETURN is intended to attach additional data. It is not possible to spend the coins within this output normally. The use case for the OP_RETURN function is wide and cannot be streamlined to runes protocol alone, developers use it to; - Timestamp documents - Store small bits of game data - Embed messages, and of course - Create tokens on Bitcoin Although the main objective of Bitcoin is safe financial transactions, OP_RETURN adds a little flexibility to the platform as it enables the permanent recording of minute amounts of data on the blockchain without obstructing its primary function. The messages that are encoded within transactions using OP_RETURN are called Runestones. These encoded messages include information on the precise operations being carried out with a Rune token, including; adding new units, moving current ones, or destroying them. There are three types of these encoded messages (Runestones) namely; Etching: This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol. Transfer:  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred. Burn: This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Etching : This describes the origin of a new Rune token. It includes specifications such as the initial supply, divisibility, token name, and symbol. Etching Transfer :  This type of Runestone carries the Rune ID, output number, and the amount to be transferred. Transfer Burn : This type of runestone deliberately destroys a certain number of Runes. It is very helpful in controlling the supply of the token. Burn Runestones are key components in the Rune lifecycle—from its creation to validation. Etching is described as a process of creating a fungible token using the Runes protocol. This major step involves designing a Bitcoin transaction with a special message (encoded using the OP_RETURN opcode). This Runestone serves as an origin for the new token, outlining its salient attributes that include; Etching - A unique name - A recognizable Symbol - Divisibility - Initial Supply After miners have validated and processed a transaction containing etched Runestone, a new Rune token is created and stored in the transaction’s allocated output. Also, another thing to note about the etching process is its permission and compatibility for pre-mining process in which a certain number of the Runes are allocated to the creator’s wallet before they are minted. The transfer of a freshly etched Rune token is carried out by a specialized Runestone known as the transfer Runestone . The message stored in the transfer Runestone for a new Bitcoin transaction highlights the specifics of the move. The attributes that are stored in transfer Runestone include; transfer Runestone - The Rune's identity - It helps to identify the exact Rune token being transferred by including its unique ID. - The Current location on the Bitcoin blockchain where the Runes currently reside - The New destination for the Rune token (usually a destination Bitcoin address) - The amount of Rune tokens being transferred The specified quantity of Runes travels to the destination Bitcoin address automatically as soon as miners approve this transaction. The Runes protocol prides itself in its security and this makes it beautiful, and like any working system, the protocol has inbuilt check and balance system to ensure everything runs smoothly. The gatekeepers in the Bitcoin network are the miners and the nodes, who verify every transaction including Runestones. They guarantee that; - Runes aren’t duplicated - Runes aren’t unexpectedly destroyed - Runes follow their designated path In the case of any mishap of a Runestone, for example, an invalid encoding or a missed output, the transaction would get flagged as invalid. To sort this out, Cenotaphs are required. Cenotaphs basically burn/destroy Runes. They act as a deterrent for sloppy UTXO management. This mechanism encourages the conscious and meticulous use of Runes. In conclusion, the introduction of the Runes protocol has upgraded DeFi in the Bitcoin ecosystem and has significantly reduced the entire blockchain bloat. Unlike other token solutions that create tiny, unspendable outputs, Runes focuses on integration with Bitcoin’s UTXO system, and by the reduction of these unspendable outputs, it keeps the blockchain leaner. The Runes protocol represents a major shift in the interaction possibilities of fungible tokens and the Bitcoin network. It also represents how far we have come from Satoshi’s first line of code- Which will undoubtedly bring a smile to his face.

Understanding Runes: A Breakthrough for Fungible Tokens on Bitcoin

In the previous article, I discussed the main preconditions that led me to implementing Domain-Driven Design (DDD) in a large legacy project. To provide context for the information in the upcoming articles, I will briefly outline here the core concepts of this methodology, explain why they are used, and describe the problems they solve. The term Domain-Driven Design (DDD) was first introduced by Eric Evans in his blue book, "Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software", published in 2003. The approach and its ideas were supported by Martin Fowler, who wrote the foreword for Evans' book. Additionally, Martin Fowler's website features several articles on DDD. Although Eric Evans uses examples and code snippets in his book, he focuses more on theoretical justifications and discussions. Later, Vaughn Vernon's "Implementing Domain-Driven Design", published in 2013 with a foreword by Evans, also became popular. In my opinion, these two books are essential reads if you plan to implement DDD in your project. Despite containing valuable theoretical and practical information, you are likely to encounter challenges not fully covered in these books when implementing DDD in a specific project. This happened to me: after studying these books and numerous articles, I faced several situations during the implementation of DDD in our legacy project that I hadn't read about anywhere. That's why I decided to write a series of articles about my experience implementing this methodology in a large legacy project, sharing non-obvious challenges and solutions. Domain-Driven Design is not a specific software architecture or a strict set of rules but rather a collection of principles and ideas that help build a clear, scalable, and maintainable architecture in complex domains. The key aspect here is complex domains. Automating business processes is a technically challenging task, especially with additional requirements like performance, scalability, or availability. However, very often, the domain itself turns out to be extremely complex. This can involve a set of rules and regulations created by analysts or business experts or complex real-world processes. In all cases, if the domain is highly complex, the developer cannot avoid this complexity because it is part of the system's fundamental requirements. However, with the right approaches, we can reduce the complexity of individual parts of the application, organize it in a way that reduces cognitive load for developers, and separate business logic complexity from technical aspects. This is where DDD helps: the methodology reduces the overall complexity of the application and helps organize and structure the code to make it easier to maintain and extend. DDD offers both fundamental strategic ideas and tactical practices that allow you to achieve the overall strategic goals. Let's consider some strategic principles. Building a Domain Model In most cases, the domain that needs to be automated does not directly relate to computer technology, and the application's developers are not experts in that domain. Therefore, DDD suggests starting with creating a model of the domain. You need to work closely with domain experts to create a carefully selected and deliberately simplified knowledge set of the domain. You don't need to create the most realistic or detailed model, as delving into a complex domain can take too much time. You need to create a model sufficient for simulating the domain while reflecting the nuances of how it works. At this stage, developers often lean towards data models or framework models, often starting with database tables. This is not the right approach. At this point, we need to understand how the domain works, how experts think about and discuss it, what terms they use, and how they visualize the domain's objects. Developers need to immerse themselves in the rules and invariants of the domain, abstracting from future methods of storing information and possible ways of implementing the model. A metaphor for this principle could be a family tree. You may know individual people in your family tree, know what they do, what their names are, and where they live, but to understand family relationships more accurately, it is better to build a visual tree and explicitly denote the connections. Such a model will focus specifically on family connections and may not be as useful in other everyday matters, but it accurately reflects the relationships between people. Ubiquitous Language Another obstacle adding unnecessary complexity to a project can be the use of different terms and expressions by developers and domain experts. If this happens, developers must "translate" words from one language to another in each conversation with experts and during the implementation of new tasks. This slows down the process and can lead to inaccurate modeling of domain objects, as some information gets lost in translation. It's important to stay in close contact with the business and use consistent terms both in communication and the domain model. Don't forget about documentation and tests—they should also use a common language and terms. This principle is quite obvious, as are the benefits of adhering to it. However, in practice, building a ubiquitous language may not happen quickly or easily. Some terms may not be fully defined at the business level, and sometimes the business simplifies terms when assigning tasks. Experts often use domain words so frequently that they don't realize their specificity. Using technical terms instead of domain terms may seem easier for developers at first, as it eliminates the need for additional communication with the business. This requires discipline and a shared understanding of the principle's importance across the team. Only through constant discussions will it be possible to truly build a shared language for communication. Model-Driven Design Once the analytical domain model is created, it can be translated into code and the application's architecture. The Model-Driven Design principle suggests building the architectural model as close as possible to the analytical one, minimizing the gap between them so that both models reflect the same goals and approaches. For long-term support projects, it's important not only to initially transfer the abstract model into code correctly but also to synchronize all future changes with both the analytical model and the application's architecture. In Model-Driven Design, development follows the model, guiding changes and ensuring that each new decision aligns with the logic and structure of the system laid out in the domain model. This also reduces overall system complexity, as there is no need for complicated conversions between the analytical model and the application model in the code. A metaphor for this principle could be an architect's blueprint and the subsequently built building. The architect's project outlines the analytical model of the future building: how it should look, what elements it should contain, and why. The building should then be constructed as closely as possible to the original design. Any new changes to the project should be reflected in the real structure, and implementation constraints, in turn, should influence the architectural project. Domain Model Isolation Software development involves many technically complex tasks and approaches. Even without business logic from a specific domain, we deal with highly abstract programming languages, various databases, complex data formats, and different frameworks. To separate this technical complexity from the domain complexity, DDD suggests isolating the domain layer from all other layers. This allows for more focused attention on each layer. Separate layers simplify maintenance and architecture formation, as each layer can use the most appropriate approaches. This also reduces cognitive load on developers, as encapsulated logic enables them to focus on one layer or their integration at any given time. Bounded Contexts Another method of reducing the complexity of domain components is to divide a large domain into several parts, into subdomains or bounded contexts. The idea is that certain components and models may repeat in different contexts but may have different names, properties, and business logic in different subdomains. In some contexts, certain entities may only be available for reading. With such division, changes to the model in one context may not even lead to changes in other contexts. Depending on the business importance of the contexts, a specific hierarchy and interaction methods may also be established between them. All of this further structures the application's code and makes it easier to work with each component individually. These are the main strategic approaches used in the Domain-Driven Design methodology. These ideas lay the foundational principles for working with complex domains. In the next article, I will discuss the tactical and more practical principles in more detail. In the previous article , I discussed the main preconditions that led me to implementing Domain-Driven Design (DDD) in a large legacy project. To provide context for the information in the upcoming articles, I will briefly outline here the core concepts of this methodology, explain why they are used, and describe the problems they solve. the previous article The term Domain-Driven Design (DDD) was first introduced by Eric Evans in his blue book, "Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software", published in 2003. The approach and its ideas were supported by Martin Fowler, who wrote the foreword for Evans' book. Additionally, Martin Fowler's website features several articles on DDD. Although Eric Evans uses examples and code snippets in his book, he focuses more on theoretical justifications and discussions. Later, Vaughn Vernon's "Implementing Domain-Driven Design", published in 2013 with a foreword by Evans, also became popular. In my opinion, these two books are essential reads if you plan to implement DDD in your project. Despite containing valuable theoretical and practical information, you are likely to encounter challenges not fully covered in these books when implementing DDD in a specific project. This happened to me: after studying these books and numerous articles, I faced several situations during the implementation of DDD in our legacy project that I hadn't read about anywhere. That's why I decided to write a series of articles about my experience implementing this methodology in a large legacy project, sharing non-obvious challenges and solutions. Domain-Driven Design is not a specific software architecture or a strict set of rules but rather a collection of principles and ideas that help build a clear, scalable, and maintainable architecture in complex domains. The key aspect here is complex domains. Automating business processes is a technically challenging task, especially with additional requirements like performance, scalability, or availability. However, very often, the domain itself turns out to be extremely complex. This can involve a set of rules and regulations created by analysts or business experts or complex real-world processes. In all cases, if the domain is highly complex, the developer cannot avoid this complexity because it is part of the system's fundamental requirements. However, with the right approaches, we can reduce the complexity of individual parts of the application, organize it in a way that reduces cognitive load for developers, and separate business logic complexity from technical aspects. This is where DDD helps: the methodology reduces the overall complexity of the application and helps organize and structure the code to make it easier to maintain and extend. DDD offers both fundamental strategic ideas and tactical practices that allow you to achieve the overall strategic goals. Let's consider some strategic principles. Building a Domain Model In most cases, the domain that needs to be automated does not directly relate to computer technology, and the application's developers are not experts in that domain. Therefore, DDD suggests starting with creating a model of the domain. You need to work closely with domain experts to create a carefully selected and deliberately simplified knowledge set of the domain. You don't need to create the most realistic or detailed model, as delving into a complex domain can take too much time. You need to create a model sufficient for simulating the domain while reflecting the nuances of how it works. At this stage, developers often lean towards data models or framework models, often starting with database tables. This is not the right approach. At this point, we need to understand how the domain works, how experts think about and discuss it, what terms they use, and how they visualize the domain's objects. Developers need to immerse themselves in the rules and invariants of the domain, abstracting from future methods of storing information and possible ways of implementing the model. A metaphor for this principle could be a family tree. You may know individual people in your family tree, know what they do, what their names are, and where they live, but to understand family relationships more accurately, it is better to build a visual tree and explicitly denote the connections. Such a model will focus specifically on family connections and may not be as useful in other everyday matters, but it accurately reflects the relationships between people. Ubiquitous Language Another obstacle adding unnecessary complexity to a project can be the use of different terms and expressions by developers and domain experts. If this happens, developers must "translate" words from one language to another in each conversation with experts and during the implementation of new tasks. This slows down the process and can lead to inaccurate modeling of domain objects, as some information gets lost in translation. It's important to stay in close contact with the business and use consistent terms both in communication and the domain model. Don't forget about documentation and tests—they should also use a common language and terms. This principle is quite obvious, as are the benefits of adhering to it. However, in practice, building a ubiquitous language may not happen quickly or easily. Some terms may not be fully defined at the business level, and sometimes the business simplifies terms when assigning tasks. Experts often use domain words so frequently that they don't realize their specificity. Using technical terms instead of domain terms may seem easier for developers at first, as it eliminates the need for additional communication with the business. This requires discipline and a shared understanding of the principle's importance across the team. Only through constant discussions will it be possible to truly build a shared language for communication. Model-Driven Design Once the analytical domain model is created, it can be translated into code and the application's architecture. The Model-Driven Design principle suggests building the architectural model as close as possible to the analytical one, minimizing the gap between them so that both models reflect the same goals and approaches. For long-term support projects, it's important not only to initially transfer the abstract model into code correctly but also to synchronize all future changes with both the analytical model and the application's architecture. In Model-Driven Design, development follows the model, guiding changes and ensuring that each new decision aligns with the logic and structure of the system laid out in the domain model. This also reduces overall system complexity, as there is no need for complicated conversions between the analytical model and the application model in the code. A metaphor for this principle could be an architect's blueprint and the subsequently built building. The architect's project outlines the analytical model of the future building: how it should look, what elements it should contain, and why. The building should then be constructed as closely as possible to the original design. Any new changes to the project should be reflected in the real structure, and implementation constraints, in turn, should influence the architectural project. Domain Model Isolation Software development involves many technically complex tasks and approaches. Even without business logic from a specific domain, we deal with highly abstract programming languages, various databases, complex data formats, and different frameworks. To separate this technical complexity from the domain complexity, DDD suggests isolating the domain layer from all other layers. This allows for more focused attention on each layer. Separate layers simplify maintenance and architecture formation, as each layer can use the most appropriate approaches. This also reduces cognitive load on developers, as encapsulated logic enables them to focus on one layer or their integration at any given time. Bounded Contexts Another method of reducing the complexity of domain components is to divide a large domain into several parts, into subdomains or bounded contexts. The idea is that certain components and models may repeat in different contexts but may have different names, properties, and business logic in different subdomains. In some contexts, certain entities may only be available for reading. With such division, changes to the model in one context may not even lead to changes in other contexts. Depending on the business importance of the contexts, a specific hierarchy and interaction methods may also be established between them. All of this further structures the application's code and makes it easier to work with each component individually. These are the main strategic approaches used in the Domain-Driven Design methodology. These ideas lay the foundational principles for working with complex domains. In the next article , I will discuss the tactical and more practical principles in more detail. the next article

Transforming Legacy with Domain-Driven Design, II: Strategy

Can India Secure a Strong Position in the Global Semiconductor Market?

It is increasingly evident that 2025 could usher in a new financial era. Major global powers are already vying for dominance in this emerging currency landscape, with each nation aiming to secure its influence in what could become a world of state-backed cryptocurrencies. The prior financial order was built upon the Bretton Woods system, underpinned by the U.S. dollar. While some factions are intent on preserving this status quo, others advocate for a global shift toward a decentralized world of cenral bank digital currencies or CDBCs. What Was the Bretton Woods System? According to an American Treasury legend, on the night of Sunday, December 14, 1941, less than a week after the United States entered World War II, U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau dreamed of a unified currency system for global trade. On July 1, 1944, representatives from 44 nations convened in the quaint town of Bretton Woods, nestled in the northeastern United States. By July 22, these delegates had signed an agreement known as the Bretton Woods Agreement, marking the beginning of a new global financial order. Some 80 years later, the international system looks very different to what was agreed during that process, much of it having failed or mutated along the way. All the same, American dominance has continued, with the basic tenets that underpinned the agreement still broadly in place. As we shall see, however, they are now under threat like never before. The Bretton Woods system functioned in such a way that correspondent banks worldwide held their accounts in New York, allowing all dollar-based transactions to flow through the U.S. banking system. This system was more than just a payment mechanism; it was a tool of control, a framework of incentives and penalties. By regulating financial transactions, the U.S. could impose sanctions and freeze payments, effectively exerting influence through monetary channels. What Kind of New Financial World Are We Entering? The essence of the emerging system lies in each nation possessing its own cryptocurrency or CBDC. A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is the digital form of a country’s fiat currency that is also a claim on the central bank. Instead of printing money, the central bank issues electronic coins or accounts backed by the full faith and credit of the government. A global exchange platform would facilitate trades, with each country stating its needs and surpluses. For example, suppose India seeks to purchase technology from the U.S. using "crypto-rupees," but the U.S. is not interested in crypto-rupees. However, the U.S. might want enriched uranium from Russia, for which it needs "crypto-rubles." Russia, in turn, could use crypto-rupees to buy medicines. This web of demands and supplies would operate on an exchange where cryptocurrencies adjust in value according to real-time market conditions. As of writing, 134 countries and currency unions, representing 98% of global GDP, are exploring a CBDC. In May 2020 that number was only 35. Currently, 66 countries are in the advanced phase of exploration—development, pilot, or launch. Worth mentioning that every G20 country is exploring a CBDC, with 19 of them in the advanced stages of CBDC exploration. Of those, 13 countries are already in the pilot stage. This includes Brazil, Japan, India, Australia, Russia, and Turkey. The US is now participating in a cross-border wholesale CBDC project, Project Agorá, with 6 other major central banks. In May, the US House passed a bill prohibiting the direct issuance of a retail CBDC, but the Senate has not acted. CBDC continues to be an issue in the ongoing US presidential campaign. A Time of Change Today, we live in an era of monumental shifts. As everyday individuals deliberate between holding cash or digital assets, the financial and geopolitical landscape is transforming worldwide. The countdown to 2025 brings anticipation—what innovations and disruptions will the year unveil? Will it indeed be the dawn of state-backed cryptocurrencies, redefining how nations trade, transact, and interact on the global stage? Only time will tell. It is increasingly evident that 2025 could usher in a new financial era. Major global powers are already vying for dominance in this emerging currency landscape, with each nation aiming to secure its influence in what could become a world of state-backed cryptocurrencies. The prior financial order was built upon the Bretton Woods system, underpinned by the U.S. dollar. While some factions are intent on preserving this status quo, others advocate for a global shift toward a decentralized world of cenral bank digital currencies or CDBCs. What Was the Bretton Woods System? What Was the Bretton Woods System? According to an American Treasury legend , on the night of Sunday, December 14, 1941, less than a week after the United States entered World War II, U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau dreamed of a unified currency system for global trade. On July 1, 1944, representatives from 44 nations convened in the quaint town of Bretton Woods, nestled in the northeastern United States. By July 22, these delegates had signed an agreement known as the Bretton Woods Agreement, marking the beginning of a new global financial order. legend Some 80 years later, the international system looks very different to what was agreed during that process, much of it having failed or mutated along the way. All the same, American dominance has continued, with the basic tenets that underpinned the agreement still broadly in place. As we shall see, however, they are now under threat like never before. The Bretton Woods system functioned in such a way that correspondent banks worldwide held their accounts in New York, allowing all dollar-based transactions to flow through the U.S. banking system. This system was more than just a payment mechanism; it was a tool of control, a framework of incentives and penalties. By regulating financial transactions, the U.S. could impose sanctions and freeze payments, effectively exerting influence through monetary channels. What Kind of New Financial World Are We Entering? What Kind of New Financial World Are We Entering? The essence of the emerging system lies in each nation possessing its own cryptocurrency or CBDC. A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is the digital form of a country’s fiat currency that is also a claim on the central bank. Instead of printing money, the central bank issues electronic coins or accounts backed by the full faith and credit of the government. A global exchange platform would facilitate trades, with each country stating its needs and surpluses. For example, suppose India seeks to purchase technology from the U.S. using "crypto-rupees," but the U.S. is not interested in crypto-rupees. However, the U.S. might want enriched uranium from Russia, for which it needs "crypto-rubles." Russia, in turn, could use crypto-rupees to buy medicines. This web of demands and supplies would operate on an exchange where cryptocurrencies adjust in value according to real-time market conditions. As of writing, 134 countries and currency unions, representing 98% of global GDP, are exploring a CBDC. In May 2020 that number was only 35. Currently, 66 countries are in the advanced phase of exploration—development, pilot, or launch. Worth mentioning that every G20 country is exploring a CBDC, with 19 of them in the advanced stages of CBDC exploration. Of those, 13 countries are already in the pilot stage. This includes Brazil, Japan, India, Australia, Russia, and Turkey. exploring The US is now participating in a cross-border wholesale CBDC project, Project Agorá, with 6 other major central banks. In May, the US House passed a bill prohibiting the direct issuance of a retail CBDC, but the Senate has not acted. CBDC continues to be an issue in the ongoing US presidential campaign. A Time of Change A Time of Change Today, we live in an era of monumental shifts. As everyday individuals deliberate between holding cash or digital assets , the financial and geopolitical landscape is transforming worldwide. The countdown to 2025 brings anticipation—what innovations and disruptions will the year unveil? Will it indeed be the dawn of state-backed cryptocurrencies, redefining how nations trade, transact, and interact on the global stage? Only time will tell. cash or digital assets

From Dollar Dominance to Digital Power: Is 2025 the Year of State-Backed Cryptos (CBDC)?

ডলারের আধিপত্য থেকে ডিজিটাল শক্তি পর্যন্ত: 2025 কি রাষ্ট্র-সমর্থিত ক্রিপ্টোসের (CBDC) বছর?

Fra dollardominans til digital magt: Er 2025 året for statsstøttede kryptoer (CBDC)?

Del dominio del dólar al poder digital: ¿es 2025 el año de las criptomonedas respaldadas por el Estado (CBDC)?

Dollaridominanssista digitaaliseen tehoon: Onko vuosi 2025 valtion tukemien kryptojen (CBDC) vuosi?

De la domination du dollar à la puissance numérique : 2025 sera-t-elle l’année des cryptomonnaies soutenues par l’État (CBDC) ?

Do dominio do dólar ao poder dixital: é 2025 o ano das criptos apoiadas polo estado (CBDC)?

Od dominacije dolara do digitalne moći: Je li 2025. godina državnih kriptovaluta (CBDC)?

ドル優位からデジタルパワーへ：2025年は国家支援暗号通貨（CBDC）の年となるか？

დოლარის დომინირებიდან ციფრულ ძალამდე: არის 2025 წელი სახელმწიფოს მიერ მხარდაჭერილი კრიპტოზების (CBDC) წელი?

จากการครอบงำของดอลลาร์สู่พลังดิจิทัล: ปี 2025 จะเป็นปีแห่งสกุลเงินดิจิทัลที่ได้รับการสนับสนุนจากรัฐ (CBDC) หรือไม่?

ካብ ዕብለላ ዶላር ናብ ዲጂታላዊ ሓይሊ፡ 2025 ዓመት መንግስቲ ዝድገፍ ክሪፕቶስ (CBDC) ድዩ?

Dollaryň hökmürowanlygyndan sanly güýje çenli: 2025-nji ýyl döwlet tarapyndan goldanýan kriptos ýylymy (CBDC)?

6 Tips to Avoid Phishing Emails from Vlad Cristescu, Head of Cybersecurity at ZeroBounce

6 wenke om uitvissing-e-posse van Vlad Cristescu, hoof van kuberveiligheid by ZeroBounce te vermy

6 tips til at undgå phishing-e-mails fra Vlad Cristescu, Head of Cybersecurity hos ZeroBounce

6 Συμβουλές για να αποφύγετε μηνύματα ηλεκτρονικού "ψαρέματος" από τον Vlad Cristescu, Επικεφαλή Cybersecurity στο ZeroBounce

6 consejos para evitar correos electrónicos de phishing de Vlad Cristescu, responsable de ciberseguridad en ZeroBounce

6 consellos para evitar correos electrónicos de phishing de Vlad Cristescu, xefe de ciberseguridade de ZeroBounce

6 טיפים להימנעות מהודעות דיוג מאת ולאד קריסטסקו, ראש אבטחת סייבר ב-ZeroBounce

ZeroBounce のサイバーセキュリティ責任者 Vlad Cristescu によるフィッシングメールを回避する 6 つのヒント

Torohevitra 6 hisorohana ny mailaka phishing avy amin'i Vlad Cristescu, lehiben'ny cybersecurity ao amin'ny ZeroBounce

6 wskazówek, jak unikać wiadomości e-mail typu phishing od Vlada Cristescu, szefa działu cyberbezpieczeństwa w ZeroBounce

6 Маслиҳат барои пешгирӣ кардани паёмҳои фишингӣ аз Влад Кристеску, роҳбари киберамният дар ZeroBounce

6 Switsundzuxo swo Papalata Ti-imeyili ta Phishing ku suka eka Vlad Cristescu, Nhloko ya Vuhlayiseki bya Inthanete eka ZeroBounce

زیرو باؤنس میں سائبر سیکیورٹی کے سربراہ ولاد کرسٹیسکو کی طرف سے فشنگ ای میلز سے بچنے کے لیے 6 نکات

Hey Hacker community! Navee has been nominated in HackerNoon's annual Startups of The Year awards! You can vote under the following categories (City: Paris, France and Industry: Business Intelligence, Analytics, and IT Services) Vote for us here: https://hackernoon.com/startups/europe/europe-paris-france?stup=66f317be6ea4677e23d8e9ed&embedable=true Meet Navee, The Startup Engineering a Counterfeit-Free Future What’s the story behind Navee? Navee was born in San Francisco when our co-founders, Matteo Amerio and Mathieu Davet, stumbled upon a striking discovery—1 out of every 2 apartment listings online turned out to be fake. It was an eye-opener for them, and they quickly realized that the problem of fraudulent online content stretched far beyond just real estate. This initial discovery ignited the idea behind Navee. They saw how counterfeits, fraud, and trademark infringements were costing businesses billions in revenue while damaging their reputations. So, they set out to create a solution that would protect brands from these threats, regardless of the industry. Today, we’ve grown from that initial idea into a tech-forward startup dedicated to protecting brands and consumers online—one image at a time. Why is tackling counterfeiting so important? Counterfeiting is not just an issue of lost revenue; it has wide-reaching impacts on consumer safety, brand integrity, and even environmental sustainability. Fake products—whether it's counterfeit luxury items, fraudulent electronics, or fake pharmaceuticals—pose serious risks to consumers. As if those weren’t bad in themselves already, counterfeiting also fuels unfair labor practices and contributes to pollution in a grand scale. At Navee, we believe that counterfeiting is an attack on innovation, and we see it as our mission to help brands safeguard their products, their reputation, and their consumers. Counterfeiters are becoming more sophisticated, but we try to be several steps ahead through our technology. How does Navee take on the counterfeit industry? Let’s be honest—fighting counterfeiters is like facing Goliath. The counterfeit industry is massive, valued at over $500 billion annually, and counterfeiters are constantly evolving their tactics. But at Navee, we see ourselves as David in this battle. With AI-powered solutions on our side, we’ve been able to outsmart counterfeiters and take the fight to them. Instead of waiting for counterfeit listings to pop up, our technology is proactive. One way we do this is we detect, block, and remove counterfeit content from online platforms before it even reaches the market. By staying agile and innovative, we’re leveling the playing field and making real progress in the fight against counterfeits. What role does AI play in Navee’s success? AI is the backbone of our entire operation. We use AI to search, enrich, and act on counterfeit content across hundreds of online platforms. Our approach is broken into these three key phases: Search: Our AI-powered search engine scans images and text across the web, identifying counterfeit products even when images have been modified or distorted.


Enrich: Navee recognises prior encounter with any element, whether it's a phone number, logo, or image. By gathering said data, our system can automatically and efficiently recognize counterfeits, significantly speeding up the entire process and making sure our teams of moderators are dealing with relevant and high-value listings.


Act: Finally, we take action. Our system triggers takedown requests or blocks counterfeit listings through an automated process that allows brands to see before they can go live, providing brands with proactive protection. A key part of this process is our Collaborative Visual Authentication Network (CVAN), which allows us to work closely with brands and platforms to block counterfeits before they’re even uploaded. At the heart of CVAN is NaveeGPT, a cutting-edge AI system that enables automated moderation at scale. It is a crucial element of our CVAN platform, ensuring counterfeit content is flagged and handled quickly and with human-level precision. Can you share some of Navee’s success stories? A recent success story involves a client we've been partnering with for about a year. At the outset, 65% of their listings on major marketplaces like Amazon were counterfeit, with nearly 7 out of the top 10 listings featuring unauthorized products. Now, that figure has been reduced to zero. This achievement goes beyond just numbers; it's about ensuring ongoing visibility and tracking it consistently. Our focus on keeping marketplaces clean is central to both our success and our clients'. We work to maintain a counterfeit-free environment, ensuring that consumers are protected from unintentionally or deliberately purchasing fake products. What drives Navee as a startup? At our core, Navee is a tech-first company. Everything we do is grounded in scientific inquiry and a strong commitment to innovation. We don’t just react to counterfeit threats—we proactively anticipate and counter them. Our AI is constantly evolving, allowing us to stay at the forefront of brand protection. In addition, we take great pride in our international and diverse team, which is one of our greatest strengths. With over 15 nationalities across our three offices in Paris, the Philippines, and India, and employees and clients from around the globe, this diversity fuels our ability to think globally and deliver cutting-edge solutions on a global scale. Vote for Navee as Startup of the Year! Our journey is just beginning, but with AI and cutting-edge technology as our driving force, we are confident that we can bring about a counterfeit-free future. Help us continue this fight—vote for Navee as Startup of the Year! Hey Hacker community! Navee has been nominated in HackerNoon's annual Startups of The Year awards! You can vote under the following categories (City: Paris, France and Industry: Business Intelligence , Analytics , and IT Services ) Navee Paris, France Business Intelligence Analytics IT Services Vote for us here: https://hackernoon.com/startups/europe/europe-paris-france?stup=66f317be6ea4677e23d8e9ed&embedable=true https://hackernoon.com/startups/europe/europe-paris-france?stup=66f317be6ea4677e23d8e9ed&embedable=true Meet Navee, The Startup Engineering a Counterfeit-Free Future Meet Navee, The Startup Engineering a Counterfeit-Free Future Meet Navee, The Startup Engineering a Counterfeit-Free Future What’s the story behind Navee? Navee was born in San Francisco when our co-founders, Matteo Amerio and Mathieu Davet, stumbled upon a striking discovery—1 out of every 2 apartment listings online turned out to be fake. It was an eye-opener for them, and they quickly realized that the problem of fraudulent online content stretched far beyond just real estate. This initial discovery ignited the idea behind Navee. They saw how counterfeits, fraud, and trademark infringements were costing businesses billions in revenue while damaging their reputations. So, they set out to create a solution that would protect brands from these threats, regardless of the industry. Today, we’ve grown from that initial idea into a tech-forward startup dedicated to protecting brands and consumers online—one image at a time. Why is tackling counterfeiting so important? Counterfeiting is not just an issue of lost revenue; it has wide-reaching impacts on consumer safety, brand integrity, and even environmental sustainability. Fake products—whether it's counterfeit luxury items, fraudulent electronics, or fake pharmaceuticals—pose serious risks to consumers. As if those weren’t bad in themselves already, counterfeiting also fuels unfair labor practices and contributes to pollution in a grand scale. At Navee, we believe that counterfeiting is an attack on innovation, and we see it as our mission to help brands safeguard their products, their reputation, and their consumers. Counterfeiters are becoming more sophisticated, but we try to be several steps ahead through our technology. How does Navee take on the counterfeit industry? Let’s be honest—fighting counterfeiters is like facing Goliath. The counterfeit industry is massive, valued at over $500 billion annually, and counterfeiters are constantly evolving their tactics. But at Navee, we see ourselves as David in this battle. With AI-powered solutions on our side, we’ve been able to outsmart counterfeiters and take the fight to them. Instead of waiting for counterfeit listings to pop up, our technology is proactive. One way we do this is we detect, block, and remove counterfeit content from online platforms before it even reaches the market. By staying agile and innovative, we’re leveling the playing field and making real progress in the fight against counterfeits. What role does AI play in Navee’s success? AI is the backbone of our entire operation. We use AI to search, enrich, and act on counterfeit content across hundreds of online platforms. Our approach is broken into these three key phases: Search: Our AI-powered search engine scans images and text across the web, identifying counterfeit products even when images have been modified or distorted. Enrich: Navee recognises prior encounter with any element, whether it's a phone number, logo, or image. By gathering said data, our system can automatically and efficiently recognize counterfeits, significantly speeding up the entire process and making sure our teams of moderators are dealing with relevant and high-value listings. Act: Finally, we take action. Our system triggers takedown requests or blocks counterfeit listings through an automated process that allows brands to see before they can go live, providing brands with proactive protection. Search: Our AI-powered search engine scans images and text across the web, identifying counterfeit products even when images have been modified or distorted. Search : Our AI-powered search engine scans images and text across the web, identifying counterfeit products even when images have been modified or distorted. Search Enrich: Navee recognises prior encounter with any element, whether it's a phone number, logo, or image. By gathering said data, our system can automatically and efficiently recognize counterfeits, significantly speeding up the entire process and making sure our teams of moderators are dealing with relevant and high-value listings. Enrich : Navee recognises prior encounter with any element, whether it's a phone number, logo, or image. By gathering said data, our system can automatically and efficiently recognize counterfeits, significantly speeding up the entire process and making sure our teams of moderators are dealing with relevant and high-value listings. Enrich Act: Finally, we take action. Our system triggers takedown requests or blocks counterfeit listings through an automated process that allows brands to see before they can go live, providing brands with proactive protection. Act : Finally, we take action. Our system triggers takedown requests or blocks counterfeit listings through an automated process that allows brands to see before they can go live, providing brands with proactive protection. Act A key part of this process is our Collaborative Visual Authentication Network (CVAN) , which allows us to work closely with brands and platforms to block counterfeits before they’re even uploaded. At the heart of CVAN is NaveeGPT, a cutting-edge AI system that enables automated moderation at scale. It is a crucial element of our CVAN platform, ensuring counterfeit content is flagged and handled quickly and with human-level precision. Collaborative Visual Authentication Network (CVAN) Can you share some of Navee’s success stories? A recent success story involves a client we've been partnering with for about a year. At the outset, 65% of their listings on major marketplaces like Amazon were counterfeit, with nearly 7 out of the top 10 listings featuring unauthorized products. Now, that figure has been reduced to zero. This achievement goes beyond just numbers; it's about ensuring ongoing visibility and tracking it consistently. Our focus on keeping marketplaces clean is central to both our success and our clients'. We work to maintain a counterfeit-free environment, ensuring that consumers are protected from unintentionally or deliberately purchasing fake products. What drives Navee as a startup? At our core, Navee is a tech-first company. Everything we do is grounded in scientific inquiry and a strong commitment to innovation. We don’t just react to counterfeit threats—we proactively anticipate and counter them. Our AI is constantly evolving, allowing us to stay at the forefront of brand protection. tech-first company. In addition, we take great pride in our international and diverse team, which is one of our greatest strengths. With over 15 nationalities across our three offices in Paris, the Philippines, and India, and employees and clients from around the globe, this diversity fuels our ability to think globally and deliver cutting-edge solutions on a global scale. Vote for Navee as Startup of the Year! Our journey is just beginning, but with AI and cutting-edge technology as our driving force, we are confident that we can bring about a counterfeit-free future. Help us continue this fight— vote for Navee as Startup of the Year! vote for Navee vote for Navee

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