Covalo

covalo

Key Insights The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Key Metrics Performance Analysis Network Covalent has hundreds of enterprise as well as thousands of broader crypto industry API customers using its robust infrastructure to access structured data. These data consumers range from traditional finance and consulting companies to AI, DeFi applications and investment tools. A few notable users include Fidelity, EY, Consensys, Matcha, Rainbow Wallet, and CoinLedger. To arrive at the data these entities consume, the protocol must extract, transform, and enrich the raw blockchain data to make it accessible. Staked CQT Covalent uses a Stake-for-Access model where network operators (BSPs and BRPs) stake CQT to perform work on the network. Covalent employs staking parameters, such as max/min values and a delegation ratio to ensure staked CQT remains distributed among the operator sets. BSPs must stake a minimum of 175,000 CQT and are restricted to 350,000 CQT. Alternatively, BRPs must stake a minimum of 35,000 CQT, are restricted to 70,000 CQT, and do not receive delegation. Covalent has now migrated the staking contract from Moonbeam to Ethereum. The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. When the BRP role decentralized in mid-August 2023, it enabled a new group of network operators to stake CQT. Nevertheless, the BRP node set accounts for less than 600,000 of the 184 million CQT staked, representing just 0.3%. Given the maximum stake limits and that most BSPs have not reached delegator capacity, contributors to the growth in the percentage of staked CQT can be partially attributed to the 9% YoY increase in active delegators and the addition of two new BSPs in Q3 2023, which increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. Financial Market Cap The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Since Covalent opened the BRP role and added two new operators in mid-August 2023, the CQT price has risen 232%, while the broader market only appreciated 132% in the same time period. Though the BRP role minimally impacted the amount of CQT staked, adding two new BSPs increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. This reduced tradable CQT and applied upward pressure on the asset price. In late January, Covalent implemented a CQT buyback program. Although only 219,000 CQT were bought back by the end of Q1, this program lays the foundation for linking network demand directly to increased buying pressure on CQT. Essentially, as API query demand rises, Covalent's revenue will increase, enabling further buybacks of CQT with the additional revenue. Qualitative Analysis Ethereum Wayback Machine In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM). The EWM is a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. It was born from Ethereum’s introduction of state expiry in its Dencun upgrade. State expiry addresses Ethereum state bloat from rollups posting transaction data to the network. All the additional data could lead to performance degradation, high storage costs, and increased sync times for nodes in the long term.\ EIP-4844 (a part of Dencun) introduced a blob transaction type that rollups will use to post data more cheaply to Ethereum. Furthermore, blob data is only stored by Ethereum consensus layer nodes (beacon nodes) for roughly 18 days before being deleted. Covalent’s EWM will store blob data indefinitely, providing a persistent and verifiable layer for storing rollup history. In addition to archival purposes, the EWM will help applications from compliance to AI model training. AI Use Cases Covalent's structured data is used by a wide range of consumers, from taxation tools (CoinLedger) to investor dashboards (Consensys) to user wallets (Rainbow). Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging data consumer well-suited for Covalent’s data infrastructure products. To attract AI talent to the Covalent product, the team has administered multiple grants to AI projects. The Q1 grantees using Covalent in their AI applications are detailed below. SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\


BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience.


Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Entendre Finance: an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Closing Summary Covalent has significantly improved its network since Messari’s last report on the protocol in Q4 2022. It has expanded support to over 225 blockchains, decentralized another layer in its supply-side operations, launched the GoldRush developer kit, implemented a CQT buyback program, and announced the Ethereum Wayback Machine. As we move forward into the remainder of 2024 and beyond, Covalent is poised to increase its API usage while continuing to enhance its protocol in the next stage of the market cycle. This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author Key Insights The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. Covalent announced plans to introduce a revenue-sharing model in the future, implementing a buyback program at the end of January that repurchased 219,000 CQT by the end of Q1. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM), a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Covalent increased its network operator set by decentralizing another network operator role called the Block Results Producer (BRP) and adding more validators to an already decentralized set of operators called the Block Specimen Producer (BSP) in Q3 2023. Key Metrics Performance Analysis Network Covalent has hundreds of enterprise as well as thousands of broader crypto industry API customers using its robust infrastructure to access structured data. These data consumers range from traditional finance and consulting companies to AI, DeFi applications and investment tools. A few notable users include Fidelity, EY, Consensys, Matcha, Rainbow Wallet, and CoinLedger. To arrive at the data these entities consume, the protocol must extract, transform, and enrich the raw blockchain data to make it accessible. Covalent Covalent Staked CQT Covalent uses a Stake-for-Access model where network operators (BSPs and BRPs) stake CQT to perform work on the network. Covalent employs staking parameters , such as max/min values and a delegation ratio to ensure staked CQT remains distributed among the operator sets. BSPs must stake a minimum of 175,000 CQT and are restricted to 350,000 CQT. Stake-for-Access Stake-for-Access staking parameters staking parameters Alternatively, BRPs must stake a minimum of 35,000 CQT, are restricted to 70,000 CQT, and do not receive delegation. Covalent has now migrated the staking contract from Moonbeam to Ethereum . to Ethereum to Ethereum The percentage of staked CQT grew from 22% in Q1 2023 to 29% in Q1 2024, despite a 20% increase (an additional 104 million CQT) in the circulating supply. When the BRP role decentralized in mid-August 2023, it enabled a new group of network operators to stake CQT. Nevertheless, the BRP node set accounts for less than 600,000 of the 184 million CQT staked, representing just 0.3%. Given the maximum stake limits and that most BSPs have not reached delegator capacity, contributors to the growth in the percentage of staked CQT can be partially attributed to the 9% YoY increase in active delegators and the addition of two new BSPs in Q3 2023, which increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. Financial Market Cap The CQT market cap rose 28% QoQ, reaching $275 million multiple times before ending Q1 at $199 million. Since Covalent opened the BRP role and added two new operators in mid-August 2023, the CQT price has risen 232%, while the broader market only appreciated 132% in the same time period. Though the BRP role minimally impacted the amount of CQT staked, adding two new BSPs increased stake capacity by 19.6 million CQT. This reduced tradable CQT and applied upward pressure on the asset price. In late January, Covalent implemented a CQT buyback program. Although only 219,000 CQT were bought back by the end of Q1, this program lays the foundation for linking network demand directly to increased buying pressure on CQT. Essentially, as API query demand rises, Covalent's revenue will increase, enabling further buybacks of CQT with the additional revenue. buyback buyback Qualitative Analysis Ethereum Wayback Machine In Q4, Covalent introduced the Ethereum Wayback Machine ( EWM ). The EWM is a long-term data availability solution for historical data on Ethereum. It was born from Ethereum’s introduction of state expiry in its Dencun upgrade. State expiry addresses Ethereum state bloat from rollups posting transaction data to the network. All the additional data could lead to performance degradation, high storage costs, and increased sync times for nodes in the long term.\ introduced introduced EWM EWM Dencun Dencun EIP-4844 (a part of Dencun) introduced a blob transaction type that rollups will use to post data more cheaply to Ethereum. Furthermore, blob data is only stored by Ethereum consensus layer nodes (beacon nodes) for roughly 18 days before being deleted. Covalent’s EWM will store blob data indefinitely, providing a persistent and verifiable layer for storing rollup history. In addition to archival purposes, the EWM will help applications from compliance to AI model training. EIP-4844 EIP-4844 18 18 AI Use Cases Covalent's structured data is used by a wide range of consumers, from taxation tools (CoinLedger) to investor dashboards (Consensys) to user wallets (Rainbow). Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging data consumer well-suited for Covalent’s data infrastructure products. To attract AI talent to the Covalent product, the team has administered multiple grants to AI projects. The Q1 grantees using Covalent in their AI applications are detailed below. Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. SmartWhales: an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ SmartWhales : an onchain copy-trading platform that enables investors to follow DEX traders and automate trades to copy their activity.\ SmartWhales SmartWhales BotFi: a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. BotFi : a protocol that enables users to automate DeFi tasks, such as copy trading, dollar cost averaging (DCA), limit order scheduling, and more. It also offers an AI token screener, a frontrunning bot, and other tools to enhance the DEX trading experience. BotFi BotFi Laika AI: a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Laika AI : a browser extension that offers onchain analytics, token contract analysis, wallet tracking, AI alerts of onchain activity, and more. Laika AI Laika AI Entendre Finance: an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Entendre Finance : an AI accounting tool that enables users to aggregate onchain activity from different platforms, automating transaction tracking, analysis, and record-keeping. Entendre Finance Entendre Finance Closing Summary Covalent has significantly improved its network since Messari’s last report on the protocol in Q4 2022. It has expanded support to over 225 blockchains, decentralized another layer in its supply-side operations, launched the GoldRush developer kit, implemented a CQT buyback program, and announced the Ethereum Wayback Machine. As we move forward into the remainder of 2024 and beyond, Covalent is poised to increase its API usage while continuing to enhance its protocol in the next stage of the market cycle. last report last report This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author This story was distributed as a release by Btcwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author Btcwire https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author https://business.hackernoon.com/brand-as-author

Messari Summary Report On Covalent’s Growth In Market Cap, Staking And Token Buyback In Q1 2024

Ethereum is undergoing a transformative journey into the “Rollup Era,” driven by the Ethereum Improvement Proposal 4844 (EIP-4844). This signifies a pivotal shift in blockchain technology with a novel data structure referred to as “ .” In line with Ethereum’s scaling efforts, the roadmap emphasizes streamlining operations by purging historical blockchain data and implementing state expiry to enhance efficiency and scalability. This shift, however, poses a challenge–maintaining the accessibility of historical data without relying on rent-seeking, centralized intermediaries. blobs Recognizing these changes within Ethereum, the Covalent Network steps in as a key solution designed to maintain the availability of blob data indefinitely in a decentralized way. As Ethereum evolves and its data storage methods change, the Covalent Network is committed to providing archival data for a wide range of parties who rely on this information with the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM). Why Long-Term Data Availability Matters Consider blockchain data as the historical, immutable record of transactions, smart contracts, and activities on the Ethereum network. This data serves multiple purposes: It allows anyone to access and analyze the full historical transaction record. Transparency: Regulators may require access to historical data to investigate potential fraud or illegal activities. Regulatory Compliance: Investors and stakeholders rely on historical data to make informed decisions about blockchain-based activities. Investment Strategy: Developers may hesitate to build on a network with limited historical data accessibility, hindering the adoption of blockchain technology. Adoption: The absence of a solution like the Ethereum Wayback Machine poses a potential threat to the growth and impact of the blockchain ecosystem. In essence, the EWM plays a pivotal role in ensuring that Ethereum continues to thrive and remains a robust platform for innovation in use cases such as AI-model find-tuning, machine learning, risk estimations and future as-of-yet unknown unlocks. Introducing the Ethereum Wayback Machine (EWM) The Ethereum Wayback Machine is an open-source solution addressing the challenge of long-term data availability. It empowers developers, researchers, and ecosystem participants to access enriched and cryptographically secure historical data without relying on centralized intermediaries. At its core, the EWM comprises two key components: Securely extracts data from blockchains using cryptographic proofs, offering historical extraction for archival data and synchronous mode for real-time data. Block Specimens Producer (BSP): A concurrent block re-execution framework that enriches Block Specimens, providing one-to-one representations of block data obtained from an RPC call to a blockchain node. Block Results Producer (BRPs): How the Ethereum Wayback Machine Works The Ethereum Wayback Machine leverages the Covalent Network to ensure the accessibility and availability of historical blockchain data. By using BSPs and BRPs, developers can reconstruct a comprehensive representation of a blockchain and create databases with normalized schemas. Here's what makes the EWM stand out: The EWM addresses concerns of censorship risks by providing historical data through a decentralized network. Decentralized: Innovative technologies like Block Specimens and Block Results eliminate limitations associated with querying the RPC layer for data. Removing the RPC Bottleneck: Cryptographic proofs ensure data integrity, allowing participants to verify the accuracy of the provided data. Secured via Proofs: The EWM offers enrichment capabilities, such as contract tracing and off-chain NFT metadata, empowering developers and users with in-depth insights and analytics. Enrichment: Building for Ethereum's Future The introduction of sheds light on Ethereum’s steadfast dedication to innovation and improvement. This breakthrough addresses scalability and data management challenges that unlock novel possibilities for on-chain applications. However, as more people are able to participate in on-chain, important data that is used to verify transactions on L2 rollups is no longer accessible in the long term. While centralized players may offer solutions, the EWM stands out as a decentralized and pragmatic approach, providing ongoing access to historical blockchain data. EIP-4844 The Covalent Network, with its Ethereum Wayback Machine, exemplifies a game-changing solution designed to maintain the availability of blob data in a decentralized way. In a market landscape where data availability is paramount, Covalent's commitment to a decentralized solution is poised to play a pivotal role in Ethereum's continued success. Learn how Covalent is building the long-term data availability of the ‘ ’. Ethereum Wayback Machine About Covalent (CQT) has created the largest data availability layer of Web3, enabling millions of users to build the new economy of products in AI, Big Data, and DeFi. Its deep commitment to democratizing access to structured data is delivered through a singular Unified API for everyone. A core aspect of the DePIN ecosystem, Covalent serves developers, analysts, innovators & 1000’s of customers with comprehensive, real-time data access to +225 blockchains & growing. Covalent For more information, check out Covalent’s: | | | | | Official Website Twitter/X Discord Telegram Blog API Guides This story was distributed as a release by BTCWire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here: https://business.hackernoon.com/

Covalent (CQT)’s Ethereum Wayback Machine: Securing Long-Term Data Availability in the Rollup Era

কোভালেন্ট (CQT) এর ইথেরিয়াম ওয়েব্যাক মেশিন: রোলআপ যুগে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী ডেটা উপলব্ধতা সুরক্ষিত করা

Die Ethereum Wayback Machine von Covalent (CQT): Sicherung der langfristigen Datenverfügbarkeit im Rollup-Zeitalter

Ethereum Wayback Machine de Covalent (CQT): asegurar la disponibilidad de datos a largo plazo en la era acumulativa

Ethereum Wayback Machine de Covalent (CQT) : garantir la disponibilité des données à long terme à l'ère du cumul

सहसंयोजक (सीक्यूटी) की एथेरियम वेबैक मशीन: रोलअप युग में दीर्घकालिक डेटा उपलब्धता को सुरक्षित करना

Covalent (CQT) のイーサリアム ウェイバック マシン: ロールアップ時代の長期データ可用性を確保

Covalent(CQT)의 Ethereum Wayback Machine: 롤업 시대의 장기 데이터 가용성 확보

Ethereum Wayback Machine da Covalent (CQT): garantindo a disponibilidade de dados de longo prazo na era do rollup

Ethereum Wayback Machine от Coвалент (CQT): обеспечение долгосрочной доступности данных в эпоху агрегирования

Covalent (CQT)'nin Ethereum Wayback Makinesi: Toplama Çağında Uzun Vadeli Veri Kullanılabilirliğini Güvenceye Almak

Máy quay ngược Ethereum của Covalent (CQT): Đảm bảo tính khả dụng của dữ liệu dài hạn trong kỷ nguyên tổng hợp

Covalent (CQT) 的以太坊 Wayback Machine：确保 Rollup 时代的长期数据可用性

In the dynamic realm of blockchain and decentralized technologies, the Covalent Network is reshaping on-chain protocols with its innovative protocol revenue sharing model. Departing from traditional financial systems, this feature brings unparalleled accessibility, eliminates intermediaries, and empowers the community with direct access to granular blockchain data. CQT Market Buy-backs & Token Drivers At its core, the Covalent Network serves a dual purpose as both a decentralized physical infrastructure and middleware project, facilitating the connection between the supply and demand sides of on-chain data. Drawing parallels with well-known platforms like Uber, Covalent links query operators (supply) with applications (demand), employing a take rate to accrue protocol revenue and distinguish itself from traditional financial structures. In the foreseeable future, the Covalent Network will fully reside on Ethereum and exclusively utilize ETH for network fees. Through its (EWM), a pioneering solution designed to secure historical blockchain data access, Covalent ensures decentralization, avoiding reliance on centralized entities. This strategic move not only solidifies integration but also actively reinforces Covalent's commitment to the Ethereum ecosystem, cultivating a symbiotic relationship that enhances both Covalent and the broader Ethereum Network. Ethereum Wayback Machine How does it work? The CQT Network uses $CQT as a governance and staking token. Operators stake tokens to participate in network operations, with the share of work distributed proportionally based on their stake. Demand-side revenue collected by the protocol is distributed to operators through a revenue-sharing mechanism. The primary value accrual mechanism unfolds as follows: Applications directly query the blockchain data API by interacting with on-chain smart contracts and pay via stablecoins. Pricing of the API is determined by the network of operators. Stablecoins are converted to $CQT through a market-buy mechanism. $CQT is staked by Network Operators, serving as a security guarantee for their honest behavior. Earned $CQT is distributed to operators based on the work performed. Operators sell a portion of the earned $CQT for operating expenses, circulating back to the economy. Transforming Demand into Token Value Drivers Notably, the demand side of the Covalent Network’s protocol is priced in US dollars or fiat, ensuring predictable and forecastable consumption bills. The protocol collects revenue in US dollars, periodically converting it to CQT (Covalent's native token) through market buys. The CQT is then distributed to validators as a network utility token, circulating back into the ecosystem and sustaining the network. The Covalent Network guarantees equitable compensation for participants actively engaged in network operations, representing a notable departure from conventional models where value accumulation often favors passive stakeholders with limited or no direct engagement. Questions and Answers: Q: How does Covalent’s decentralized model differ from centralized models? A: Unlike centralized models where passive token holders benefit without active involvement, Covalent's decentralized structure ensures that token holders earn rewards based on their active contributions, such as staking or running validators. This emphasis on active participation establishes a fair and rewarding distribution model within the decentralized ecosystem. Explore Covalent’s for additional details. Staking Dashboard Q: What sets Covalent apart in terms of instantly accruing protocol revenue? A: The more API calls that interact with the network, the more revenue is generated. By leveraging token incentives this will drive costs down for users and turn long term data availability into a public good. Q: Can you explain the current method of revenue accrual for Covalent and any changes anticipated? A: Currently, revenue accrual involves a two-step process: demand-side API consumers pay the protocol in USD, converted to CQT and distributed to validators. As more validators join, the goal is to evolve towards a more direct flow, reducing reliance on centralized collection and promoting increased decentralization over time. About Covalent: ($CQT) powers the data layer in blockchain, enabling millions of users to build the new economy. It stands out for its deep commitment to democratizing blockchain data availability. Since its inception, Covalent has been helping developers, analysts, and enthusiasts with comprehensive, real-time data across over 200 blockchains. Learn how Covalent is building the . Covalent Ethereum Wayback Machine For more information, check out Covalent’s: | | | | | Official Website Twitter Discord Telegram Blog API Guides This story was distributed as a release by BTCWire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here.

Covalent (CQT) Launches On-Chain Protocol Revenue-Sharing For Network Participants

Covalent (CQT) নেটওয়ার্ক অংশগ্রহণকারীদের জন্য অন-চেইন প্রোটোকল রাজস্ব ভাগাভাগি চালু করেছে

Covalent (CQT) führt On-Chain-Protokoll-Umsatzbeteiligung für Netzwerkteilnehmer ein

Covalent (CQT) lanza un protocolo de reparto de ingresos en cadena para los participantes de la red

Covalent (CQT) lance un protocole de partage des revenus en chaîne pour les participants au réseau

सहसंयोजक (सीक्यूटी) ने नेटवर्क प्रतिभागियों के लिए ऑन-चेन प्रोटोकॉल राजस्व-साझाकरण लॉन्च किया

Covalent (CQT) がネットワーク参加者向けにオンチェーンプロトコルの収益分配を開始

Covalent (CQT), 네트워크 참가자를 위한 온체인 프로토콜 수익 공유 출시

Covalent (CQT) lança compartilhamento de receita de protocolo on-chain para participantes da rede

Coвалент (CQT) запускает разделение доходов по протоколу цепочки для участников сети

Covalent (CQT), Ağ Katılımcıları İçin Zincir İçi Protokol Gelir Paylaşımını Başlatıyor

Covalent (CQT) ra mắt chia sẻ doanh thu giao thức trên chuỗi cho những người tham gia mạng

Covalent (CQT) 为网络参与者推出链上协议收益分享

I sat down with Ganesh Swami, co-founder and CEO at Covalent, a Blockchain Big Data analytics firm, to discuss the Ethereum ecosystem. Hi, Welcome to our “Behind the Startup” Series. Please tell us about yourself and the story behind Covalent? Ishan Pandey: Hi guys, thank you for having me. I’m Ganesh, a serial entrepreneur and a physicist by training. I have spent much of my career thus far in the data space across a number of industries, including pharmaceuticals, cloud computing, and now blockchain technology. Ganesh Swami: In 2017, my co-founder Levi and I had the foresight that transparency is crucial for this industry to reach mass adoption and fully realize the potential of crypto. In an effort to increase transparency, we saw there was an opportunity to build a solution that would tackle the challenges of blockchain data. That solution is Covalent today. Even though data on a blockchain is freely available. Why is it still difficult for users to access data and perform analytics on it for business uses? Ishan Pandey: Blockchain data is freely available. However, since there are so many different protocols, chains, projects, and products, each produces data in various formats and the data rarely follows any standard, causing unnecessary complexities. This lack of standardization and complexity means that developers and traders alike must sink considerable resources into analyzing data. Our belief is that this problem has to be solved before blockchain-based products are attractive to mainstream users. Ganesh Swami: What kind of target audience generally leverages data related to blockchain ecosystems? Ishan Pandey: Anyone who relies on data to make a decision is part of the target audience. Typically, it’s been analysts, investors, and traders. However, given that Covalent not only offers a wide range of rich data services that comes from indexing the entire blockchain, we also have a no-code solution. This drastically increases the availability and appetite for blockchain data. As a result, we see this audience expanding greatly, ranging from educational institutions all the way to healthcare. Ganesh Swami: Please share some interesting insights and trends that you have identified by using data analytics? Ishan Pandey: We don’t dictate how our customers use the data. And oftentimes, we are surprised by the diverse insights our customers gather from deep, granular data. Taking Uniswap as an example, investors have used Covalent to do rich due diligence on the 20,000 available liquidity pools. Here’s a sample of what they’ve done: Ganesh Swami: Most profitable pools Impermanent loss over time for each pool Whale concentration Wash trades How can yield farmers use big data to make actionable decisions? Ishan Pandey: I think yield farmers are going after the most returns without any regard for risk. As the space levels up, I think yield farmers can make conscious, data-driven decisions factoring in both risk as well as reward. Ganesh Swami: We are already working with 2-3 risk analytics providers to bring this level of sophistication to the DeFi space. How can developers use Ethereum data for building successful Decentralized applications and spotting future market trends? Ishan Pandey: Developers need to make a conscious decision to target either power users or novice users. For power-users, DApp developers can show a lot of data during the decision making process in order to inform. For novice users, DApp developers can use data to highlight the best and second-best choices when it comes to a decision. Ganesh Swami: For example, a very popular wallet uses Covalent to show the profitability of various pools over time right in the UI when the investor/trader is making a decision. I think this is the future, and it’s exciting to see it play out in front of our eyes. Do custodians and exchanges use data analytics? If so, what is the objective behind it? Ishan Pandey: Absolutely, data is a key offering for both custodians as well as exchanges and we have customers of both kinds. In the exchange space, Covalent offers basically the data portion of what a trader would see on a centralized exchange like Coinbase, for example, historical transaction activity, PnL, and other record-keeping use-cases. Ganesh Swami: With custodians, it’s coming down to a value-added service. No custodian wants to remain just a custodian but wants to differentiate themselves amongst their competitors. Some custodians are starting to add yield generating activity with the assets, participate in securing proof-of-stake networks, etc. Data plays a huge role in providing a good user experience to their end-users. What are your views on the problem of scalability and high transaction fees that Ethereum is currently facing? Ishan Pandey: In my opinion, scalability and high transaction fees will get solved within the next 24 months. The solution comes from layer 2, scaling solutions that use Ethereum for base-layer security. We are already working with Matic, Skale, Loopring, zkSync, Optimistic, and others who are currently on mainnet or will launch on mainnet within the next few weeks. Ganesh Swami: How can big data be used to analyze money laundering and other illicit activities? Ishan Pandey: This analysis falls under a field called “financial forensics,” and there are many players in the space who focus on selling big data solutions to 3-letter agencies. Covalent doesn’t focus much on this use-case because most illicit activities happen on smaller and niche chains. Ganesh Swami: Some use-cases overlap with other kinds of risk metrics we alluded to in an earlier answer. For example, a wallet is risky if: Associated with a mixer like Tornado Associated with a banned address Associated with a hacked exchange You can see the recent news on how stolen/hacked funds were recovered because the hacker tried to off-load the funds without carefully covering their tracks. What future trends and challenges do you see in 2021 for the Ethereum ecosystem? Ishan Pandey: A couple of huge innovations on the horizon: Ganesh Swami: ETH 2.0 DAOs going mainstream Blockchain games become more popular NFTs make a come-back The purpose of this article is to remove informational asymmetry existing today in our digital markets by performing due diligence by asking the right questions and equipping readers with better opinions to make informed decisions. The material does not constitute any investment, financial, or legal advice. Please do your research before investing in any digital assets or tokens, etc. The writer does not have any vested interest in the company. Interviewer - Ishan Pandey

Big Data Analysis on Blockchain with CEO of Covalent, Ganesh Swami

Last week I wrote a project overview on and this week I want to dive a little deeper into the project and its technology. This article is based on the 3 main technological focal points of the COVA protocol: TEE’s, Centrifuge and the Covalent Virtual Machine (CovaVM). But first a little reminder of the Covalent project and what it entails. Covalent Covalent is creating a new internet that is comprised of Smart Data that knows how to properly process and utilize communication databases. By implementing Smart Policies, the data sets can be properly managed and explicit terms and conditions can be added to specific data. Now let’s take a look at the technology. TEE’s (TEE’s) provide a military-grade security and privacy solution that are active on the entire computational network. Trusted Execution Environments TEE’s can be implemented into the embedded hardware technologies of AMD, Intel and ARM. Various providers offer different TEE implementations. Covalent will initially be using (SGX) to provide the TEE for off-chain computing. Intel’s Software Guard Extensions By implementing a rewards system a network of TEE nodes will be inaugurated. These network nodes will bring in ‘trusted’ computing power. After embracing this trusted computing power, supervisor programs can be set up, which can then expand and improve the platform. TEE nodes are incentivized for providing computation. Covalent will be working with masternodes. At this point no additional information about masternodes has been made public. Besides utilizing TEE’s and creating a network of TEE nodes through a rewards system, Covalent is creating 2 proprietary technological features: their programming language called and the (CovaVM). Centrifuge COVA Virtual Machine Centrifuge Centrifuge is the programming language that will be used to write ‘Smart Policies’. Earlier attempts at policy-enhancement models, like ‘Naccio’, ’PoET/Pslang’ and ‘Polymer’ were discontinued in 2005. While these previous attempts of policy enhancement models were very general, with the development of Centrifuge, Covalent is creating a language specifically for defining data policies. Covalent Virtual Machine Covalent is creating a protocol that solves large computational problems and is called Covalent Virtual Machine (CovaVM). To ensure a secure, strong and proven mature platform, (JVM)will be the basis of this CovaVM execution engine. Smart Contracts on the Covalent Virtual Machine are highly scalable because of its off-chain computations. Covalent enables to separate consensus from Smart Contract execution and performs parallel execution of smart contracts making the computational power the sum of all its nodes. Java Virtual Machine The overview below illustrates how Smart Policies are written in Centrifuge and enforced in CovaVM. Recap Building a new Web 3.0 solution by creating a platform that not only processes data, but also securely utilized that data is Covalent’s main goal. For the creation of their platform they will implement 3 main technological features into . 7 different layers According to GitHub Covalent already has a private testnet that is active. For the private testnet they use TEE nodes in a standalone blockchain network that communicates with a smart contract system. Unfortunately the source code is private so we cannot review it at the moment. To make it a little easier to understand we can compare Covalent to Ethereum in terms of technical features. Ethereum Virtual Machine is compared to Covalent Virtual Machine. Ethereum programming language for smart contracts is Solidity while Covalent smart policies can be written in Centrifuge. Full disclosure : This article is not intended as investment advice. It is just my personal opinion about Covalent and its COVA token. You should always do your own research. Covalent rewards me for writing this article and supports me for ventilating my own personal opinion. Subscribe to my channels , and if you like my articles and would like to be informed about Blockchain, cryptocurrency projects and news. You can also read my articles on . If you have any questions about this article, please comment in the comment section below. Thank you! LindaCrypto Steemit Medium Twitter LinkedIn

Future-proof Blockchain project Covalent is building a decentralized Web 3.0 Solution

Full disclosure: This article is not intended as investment advice. It is just my personal opinion about Covalent Protocol. You should always do your own research #DYOR. I am part of “the article group”, which rewards me for writing this article and encourages me to express my own opinions. In my I wrote a detailed overview of the project and in this article I want to go one step further and discuss several possible use cases of the Covalent Protocol. However, before we get to the use cases I first want to explain what Covalent is all about. previous article Covalent Protocol In 2017 a total of 22 zettabyte (ZB) of (1 ZB = 1,000,000,000,000 gigabytes); yet only 1% was actually being utilized. Several reasons exist why this percentage is so low, but perhaps the biggest reasons are: 1) privacy, data owners are hesitant to trust third parties with handling their data and 2) a value network is lacking, which would incentivize data owners for sharing their data. data was created Covalent aims to tackle the above problems by leveraging the power of blockchain technology and building a privacy-protected, decentralized computing platform and protocol, that is able to extract/analyse specific information from data without compromising privacy. This means that via the Covalent protocol data owners stay in control of their own data and are able to specify which particular piece of data they want to share and with whom. Since the use of data is traceable on the Covalent network, data ownership guarantees that data owners are fairly compensated at every stage of the dissemination and usage process. So now that we have a decent understanding of what the Covalent project tries to do, we can look at some of the potential use cases of the Covalent Protocol. Let’s assume that data about your medical condition exists and that you wish to share this data for research purposes. However, you want to share the data without compromising your privacy and you only want the data to be used for one specific research project. How do you know that the research institution is not re-using or even re-selling your data? Can you trust this third-party with handling your data? To solve this problem, Covalent has developed a decentralized application (DApp), on top of the Covalent protocol, called Medata. Medata acts as a medical data marketplace, where patients can specify which data they want to share and how this data can be used. When a researcher requests a dataset, only the relevant patient data is selected and anonymized or aggregated (so the values can no longer be traced back to one individual). The researcher can then use this dataset to analyze/run prediction models in order to answer his/her research questions. Through the use of smart policies (which are similar to smart contracts), the Covalent Protocol guarantees that data can only be used for that specific research project and not be redistributed to other parties. In addition, the patient also gets rewarded in Cova tokens (the token that drives the Covalent ecosystem) for sharing the data. In short, the researcher benefits by gaining access to large amounts of previously untapped data; whereas the patient gets to help advance scientific research without their privacy being comprised, whilst also being rewarded for sharing his/her data. Hence a win-win situation. Have you ever felt reluctant to share your credit card number with a third-party (I know I have). With the current system we have no clue what third-party companies do with our credit card information. For all we know, they may re-use or re-sell our credit card information and before you know it, it could be used by someone else without your permission. The Covalent Protocol provides a solution to this problem. By utilizing smart policies, the Covalent Protocol can enforce that your credit card number may only be used once for a one-time charge and be erased from the server after the payment is completed. Let’s assume that you have written a great new story and that you want distribute your literary masterpiece online; but you want to keep it exclusive and only allow it to be shared 100 times. With current technology this will not be possible, since everybody could just replicate the document redistribute its contents. However, by utilizing the Covalent Protocol it is possible to set up a smart policy that keeps track of how many times a certain document is shared and block the sharing option when the number of shares has reached 100. So there you have it, three potential use cases for the Covalent Protocol. This is by no means an exhaustive sample of all the possibilities that the Covalent project offers in terms of data sharing and data control; but I wanted to provide a small indication of the power of Covalent and how they envision to disrupt the existing data industry by building a privacy-protected, decentralized computing platform and protocol. Sources for more information on Covalent: Website: http://covalent.ai/index.html Whitepaper: https://docsend.com/view/dvvb75n Telegram: https://t.me/covalentofficial Twitter: https://twitter.com/covatoken Blog: https://medium.com/@covatoken Github: https://github.com/covalent-hq Subscribe to my channels: Medium , Twitter and Steemit if you enjoy my articles and would like to be informed about blockchain, cryptocurrency projects and news. You can also read my articles on LinkedIn .  If you have any questions about this article, please comment in the comment section below. Claps are also welcome, Thank you! CryptoShowdown

Covalent protocol analysis and potential use cases

Full disclosure : This article is not intended as investment advice. It is just my personal opinion about the Covalent project. You should always do your own research. I am part of “the article group” which rewards me for writing this article and supports me for ventilating my own personal opinion. Covalent is a privacy-protected, decentralized computing platform and protocol. Covalent’s aim is to provide a distributed network computing layer that is able to extract/analyse information from data without compromising privacy. Within the Covalent ecosystem the COVA token will be used to compensate data owners for each micro usage of their data. This may sound complicated, but let’s use the following example to illustrate a typical use-case of the Covalent protocol. Let’s assume that you have your own medical data stored in a secure place and you are reluctant (and rightly so) to share this data with third parties (e.g. research institutions) due to privacy concerns. Using the Covalent protocol relevant information can be distracted from your medical data without compromising privacy and without any third-party ever gaining direct access to the data itself. The extracted data can then be aggregated and analysed, hopefully leading to new insights in how to prevent/treat certain diseases. As a reward for sharing your data, you will be compensated in COVA-tokens and have helped advance medical research at the same time. In 2017 a total of 22 zettabyte (ZB) of (1 ZB = 1,000,000,000,000 gigabytes). However, out of this huge amount of created data only 1% was actually being utilized. Data remains unutilized since sharing the data often results in compromised privacy. Once data is shared the data owners expose their sensitive data and lose all control of its usage and distribution. So, in that regard it is understandable that only a fraction of the potentially available data is actually being utilized. data was created What we currently see in this space is that areas where data is aggregated naturally (e.g. online search and online advertising) machine learning and AI have progressed in a rapid pace. Just look at how Google and Facebook make use of aggregated user data and algorithms to determine optimal search and advertisement strategies. Yet in other areas (e.g. healthcare and education) the progress is very slow. One of the reasons why progress is sluggish in these areas is that the data is more sensitive and fragmented and as a result there is often less data available to feed the AI models and as a result they are limited in their effectiveness. From a machine learning and AI perspective it would be ideal if data could be shared so it can be aggregated into large data sets (with more data often leading to more reliable models), which can be accessed by various authorized third parties; instead of being fragmented and siloed. However, two major problems arise in this scenario. 1) Privacy, data owners are reluctant to trust third parties with handling their data (especially when it consists of sensitive information, such as medical records). 2) Value network, data owners are not incentivized to share their data. This is where blockchain technology and especially Covalent comes in. By leveraging blockchain technology, Covalent allows for private modeling and computing without compromising the privacy of the data providers and through their COVA tokens compensate data owners for each micro usage of their data. In order to build a privacy-protected, decentralized computing platform and protocol, Covalent will implement the following features: Covalent Virtual Machine (CVM), Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), and a Data Marketplace. In this section I will briefly touch upon these features, as it would be too lengthy to provide an in-depth analysis of each technology. In addition, Covalent has published its own explaining Covalent’s technology (I found it to be a very comprehensive and well-written article). deep-dive article Covalent Virtual Machine (CVM): Covalent is building an enhanced version of the Ethereum Virtual Machine, which will be capable of large scale-computations. Within the CVM, a computation is preformed off-chain by a single node through a smart contract, with all the other nodes only needing to verify a proof of the computation. Since the process of verifying a computation is inherently faster than repeatedly performing the computation, the speed of computing is largely increased; hence making large-scale computation possible. In addition, Covalent has developed Centrifuge, a language for writing Smart Policies that is designed to take advantage of the enhanced functionality of the CVM. Trusted Execution Environment (TEE): To facilitate privacy of computation Covalent will make use of a TEE, which can be described as an isolated environment that runs in parallel with the operating system and provides security for the rich environment. It guarantees that data and code that is loaded inside the environment to be protected with respect to confidentiality and integrity. A TEE, as an isolated execution environment, provides security features such as: isolated execution, integrity of applications executing with the TEE, along with confidentiality of its assets. Data Marketplace: Covalent will also be integrating a data marketplace where data owners, model trainers and SGX host miners can interact with each other. Data owners can list their private datasets on a pay-per-use basis. Model trainers pay for the use of datasets that are available on the marketplace to run their private models. SGX host miners facilitate the transactions (and be compensated with COVA tokens) while satisfying the privacy and proof of computation requirements. In short, the CVM relies on a TEE, to make large-scale computation compatible with smart contracts. While the SGX Host Miners perform typical functions like transaction verification and block production, they also host the secure environment for off-chain computation. Each computation is performed off-chain on a single node to maximize privacy and reduce on-chain network load. When a computation task is completed, the off-chain node submits proof of computation together with the reported output results to the smart contract protocol so that the other nodes in the network can verify the computation. (Co-founder) is a former doctoral candidate at Harvard University, but decided to pursue a career in finance instead of obtaining its PhD. Vincent has worked as an engineer for Tower Research Capital for 1 year, then moved on to Citadel, which is a leading hedge fund. After working at Citadel for 2 years he obtained a position at a start-up for freelance software developers called Gigster, where he worked for 1 year. Vincent Li (Co-founder) obtained a Master’s degree in mechanical engineering from Princeton University, where he also spent two years as a Research Assistant. In his bio it states that he is an early BTC and ETH adopter and miner. In 2016, he joined FreeS Fund where Raymond led and participated in the investment of big data and Internet of Things companies. Raymond Gao (Software engineer) obtained a Master’s degree in computer science from North Carolina State University. Shundan has over 5 years of experience as a veteran coder and software engineer at companies such as: Amazon, LinkedIn, Gusto and Gigster. Shundan Xiao According to their page, the Covalent team consists of at least 9 other members, hence for more information about the other team members you can check their LinkedIn profiles as well. LinkedIn On their website Covalent mentions two advisors, namely: (founder of FBG capital) and (Investor of Bitfinex and limited partner of Bitfund). In addition, Covalent has already received investments from several well-known Venture Capitalist totaling over 10,000,000 USD. Some of these VC’s include: ZhenFund, FBGCapital, IOST/ Bluehill and Node Capital. Covalent also received funding from Huobi and San Francisco based cryptocurrency fund Long Crypto Group ( ). Shuoji Zhou Jia Tian Source Currently the Covalent project is still in pre-ICO stage and dates of the ICO have not yet been disclosed. The token to power the Covalent eco-system will be called COVA and it will initially be launched as an ERC-20 token based on the Ethereum blockchain. When Covalent’s mainnet is released (no date set yet) the ERC-20 COVA tokens will be swapped for native COVA blockchain tokens. If you wish to be notified when more information about Covalent’s ICO becomes available I would advice you to subscribe to Covalent’s and join their . Twitter Telegram channel The covalent project is still in an early stage and some information, such as ICO details, are still lacking. Also, Covalent’s whitepaper is pretty daunting to read and more targeted to people with prior knowledge in the realm of machine learning and blockchain technology, rather than to the “average” person who lacks this knowledge. That being said, I think that the Covalent team is doing a good job with their deep-dive articles trying to explain the technology behind the Covalent project in more layman terms. I think that the idea to develop a privacy-protected, decentralized computing platform is promising and this is definitely a project that I will add to my short list of projects to follow during the coming months and see how this project and the ICO details will unfold. Sources for more information on Covalent: Website: http://covalent.ai/index.html Whitepaper: https://docsend.com/view/dvvb75n Telegram: https://t.me/covalentofficial Twitter: https://twitter.com/covatoken Blog: https://medium.com/@covatoken Github: https://github.com/covalent-hq Subscribe to my channels: Medium , Twitter and Steemit if you enjoy my articles and would like to be informed about blockchain, cryptocurrency projects and news. You can also read my articles on LinkedIn .  If you have any questions about this article, please comment in the comment section below. Claps are also welcome, Thank you! CryptoShowdown

Covalent, the privacy-preserving data utilization protocol: a project overview

Ever since the (WWW) was first introduced in 1989, a lot of layers have been added and new features have been implemented to improve upon this ground breaking technology. The internet has had a tremendous impact on our society and day-to-day life. It is difficult for most people to imagine a world without internet access and online social interaction. World Wide Web Almost three decades after its introduction the internet is facing issues that need to be solved in order to continue to move forward. The internet needs to stay a safe place for people to socialize, do business and be able to share information in an efficient, private and highly secure way. Recently I came across a project called . Covalent is trying to improve upon the internet infrastructure by creating a decentralized Web 3.0 all-in-one solution. With COVA, the Covalent team is developing a new internet protocol of smarter data that is called ‘Smart Policy’. Covalent Introducing Covalent and the COVA token Internet with its TCP/IP protocol has defined how data should be transferred, but it did not define the utilization of that data. That is where Covalent steps in. Floating data is increasing at a rapid pace, with the surge in social media activity by its users. In 2016 a total amount of 16.1 zettabyte (ZB) of . That’s the equivalent of 16,100,000,000,000 gigabyte (GB). data were produced Storing this data in centralized data centers will immediately show two main flaws with this traditional data storage solution. On the one hand data owners do not trust centralized entities with handling their sensitive information. While on the other hand, there is no value network where people or organizations can monetize on their data. Covalent introduces a machine-enforceable data usage policy called ‘smart policy’. The following comparison can be made: If smart contracts are machine-enforceable legal contracts powered by Ethereum, then COVA’s smart policies are machine-enforceable date usage policies. The COVA protocol enables users to select a smart policy that dictates a specific policy on how programs operating on the network need to handle their personal data. COVA is the Covalent network token and its initially launched as an ERC-20 token based on the Ethereum blockchain. After Covalent’s mainnet is finalized and released, which does not have a projected launch date yet, ERC-20 COVA tokens will be swapped for native COVA blockchain tokens. Covalent and its main technological features To create a new paradigm shift in internet protocol that improves upon the existing internet protocol, Covalent is developing and implementing the COVA protocol that is comprised of 7 different layers and has 3 main technology advancements into their project. An overview of the 3 main technical features in COVA: ➡️ Trusted Network Environments (TEE’s). The network environment will be created by appointing several network nodes that have the ability to scale their trusted computing power. The TEE nodes will be rewarded for completing computation tasks. ➡️ Centrifuge is the programming language of COVA. While Ethereum uses Solidity to write smart contracts, Covalent is utilizing their programming language called Centrifuge to write Smart Policies. ➡️ CovaVM (CVM): Covalent is developing an enhanced version of the Ethereum Virtual Machine called CovaVM. As a Policy Enforcement Framework (PEF), CovaVM enforces the policy written in Centrifuge and supports large scale-computations. Team and investors Covalent is founded by and . Mr. Gao and Mr. Li both have extensive blockchain and cryptocurrency experience as well as business experience, which is a great feature to have as a founder and leader of a project. Furthermore, the Covalent Foundation is comprised of at least 12 members (according to their page). Covalent has hired some of the worlds’ top engineers, award winning computing professionals and mastermind hackers. Raymond Xiang Gao Vincent Li LinkedIn Covalent has onboarded several industry professional Venture Capitalist (VC) firms that have cumulatively invested over 10,000,000 USD into the project. Some of these VC’s include: ZhenFund, FBGCapital, IOST/ Bluehill and Node Capital. According to global business and start-up data provider and industry trend watcher, , Covalent recently received funding from digital asset financial service provider and San Francisco based cryptocurrency fund (LCG). CrunchBase Huobi Long Crypto Group My personal opinion Covalent seems to have a great plan by developing and launching their data utilization protocol. Their whitepaper is highly technical with all sorts of models and mathematical equations, which might not be digestible for the every-day investor. Luckily, they also have a blog on Medium, where they inform people about Covalent in more of a layman’s termed articles. Covalent is improving upon Web 2.0 protocols and they are doing it in an innovative way, through blockchain technology. Unfortunately, no ICO information has made public yet. This project has gained my attention and I look forward to dive deeper into the technology and tokenomics of Covalent whenever more information surfaces. For more information on Covalent: Website: http://covalent.ai/index.html Telegram: https://t.me/covalentofficial Twitter: https://twitter.com/covatoken Blog: https://medium.com/@covatoken Github: https://github.com/covalent-hq Whitepaper: https://docsend.com/view/dvvb75n Full disclosure : I have not yet participated in the Covalent ICO. This article is not intended as investment advice. It is just my personal opinion about Covalent and their COVA protocol. You should always do your own research before you invest in a cryptocurrency or an ICO. Subscribe to my channels , and if you like my articles and would like to be informed about blockchain and cryptocurrency projects. You can also read my articles on . Steemit Medium Twitter LinkedIn If you have any questions about this article, please comment in the comment section below. Thank you!  LindaCrypto

Covalent creating a New Paradigm in Internet Infrastructure with ‘Smart Policy’

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding *: so ionic bonding is when the atom gives the electron once and for all, in the covalent bond, it only lends and in the hydrogen bond it's like a bid, like the electron is with an atom but gives the atom a wink neighbor?* P1 *: That's a creative and fun way to describe them, and it's largely on point! Let's expand on your analogies:* ChatGPT ***1. Ionic Bonding: *** • Yes, it's like one atom saying, "Here, take my electron. I don't need it." As a result, one atom becomes positively charged (having given away its electron) and the other becomes negatively charged (having accepted the electron). These opposite charges attract each other, forming the bond. ***2. Covalent Bonding: *** • It's a mutual agreement between atoms: "Let's share our electrons so we both benefit." The electrons are not strictly lent or borrowed; instead, they're shared between the atoms, spending time around both nuclei. ***3. Hydrogen Bonding: *** • Your analogy of a "wink" is a fun way to think of it. In hydrogen bonding, the hydrogen atom is indeed bonded covalently to its original atom (like oxygen in water). But because hydrogen has a slight positive charge and nearby electronegative atoms (like another oxygen) have a slight negative charge, they're attracted to each other. It's not a full-on bond like in covalent or ionic bonding but rather a weaker attraction. The "wink" analogy captures this idea of a subtle yet meaningful connection. It's essential to remember that these analogies, while helpful, are simplifications. The actual forces and behaviors of atoms and molecules are based on deeper quantum-mechanical principles. But for getting a grasp on the concepts, these analogies work quite well! Is there anything else about these bonds or any other related concept you'd like to delve into? *: That’s a very creative way of describing the different types of bonds, but it’s not very accurate. Let me try to correct some of the mistakes in your analogy.* BingChat Ionic bonding is not when the atom gives the electron once and for all, but rather when the atom transfers the electron permanently to another atom. This means that the atom that loses the electron becomes positively charged, and the atom that gains the electron becomes negatively charged. These opposite charges attract each other and form an ionic bond. For example, in sodium chloride (NaCl), each sodium atom (Na) transfers one electron to each chlorine atom (Cl), creating sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). The Na+ and Cl- ions are held together by ionic bonds. Covalent bonding is not when the atom only lends the electron, but rather when the atom shares the electron with another atom. This means that both atoms contribute one or more electrons to form a pair or a group of electrons that belong to both atoms. These shared electrons form a covalent bond that holds the atoms together. For example, in water (H2O), each hydrogen atom (H) shares one electron with the oxygen atom (O), forming a covalent bond. The O and H atoms are held together by covalent bonds. Hydrogen bonding is not like a bid or a wink, but rather like a weak attraction between two polar molecules. A polar molecule is a molecule that has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other end, due to the unequal distribution of electrons. A hydrogen bond is when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) forms a weak attraction with another electronegative atom on a different molecule. For example, in liquid water, each hydrogen atom on one water molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom on another water molecule. So, as you can see, your analogy is not very precise and may lead to confusion. I suggest you use the correct definitions and examples of ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and hydrogen bonding that I provided above. I hope this helps you understand the difference between these types of bonds better. *: Your analogy is pretty good! I would add that in a covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms. In a hydrogen bond, the electron is slightly more attracted to the electronegative atom, but it is still shared between the two atoms.* Bard Here is a more detailed explanation: Ionic bonds are formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. This results in two oppositely charged ions, which are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. For example, when sodium and chlorine atoms react to form sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium atom transfers one electron to the chlorine atom. The sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion (Na+), and the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl-). The Na+ and Cl- ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, and they form an ionic bond. Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are typically formed between nonmetals. For example, when two hydrogen atoms react to form a hydrogen molecule (H2), each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the other hydrogen atom. The two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons, and they are covalently bonded together. Hydrogen bonds are a special type of weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and surface tension. For example, in a water molecule, one hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to the oxygen atom. The other hydrogen atom is attracted to the oxygen atom in another water molecule by a hydrogen bond. This hydrogen bond is weaker than a covalent bond, but it is strong enough to hold the two water molecules together. I hope this helps to clarify the difference between ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Please let me know if you have any other questions. *: I love the "wink neighbor" analogy for hydrogen bonding! That's a very intuitive way to understand it. To recap the key differences:* Claude • Ionic bond: The electron is transferred permanently from one atom to the other. It's like giving away your Lego piece to someone else once and for all. • Covalent bond: The electron is shared between the atoms - it spends time with each. It's like two friends sharing a Lego piece cooperatively. • Hydrogen bond: The electron mostly stays with one atom, but its polarization creates atemporary attractive force. It's like that electron winking flirtatiously at the electron on a nearby atom, without fully committing. Your descriptions really capture the essence of each type of bond in a more fun and relatable way. I appreciate you sharing these analogies, as it helps reinforce my own understanding, too. Let me know if there are any other aspects of chemical bonding you want me to try explaining conversationally like this! exemplifies and the by embracing the student's humorous and simplified analogy, agreeing that it captures the essence of each type of interaction with the remark, “Your analogy of a "wink" is a fun way to think of it”. Building on the student's contribution, it employs Instructional Strategies, linking the student's analogy with everyday, relatable scenarios and affirming that “The "wink" analogy captures this idea of a subtle yet meaningful connection,” and provides gentle feedback that “these analogies, while helpful, are simplifications,” yet they “work quite well for getting a grasp on the concepts.” Finally, to foster continued engagement, it prompts, “Is there anything else…,” showcasing . exhibits a strong inclination towards , directly dismissing the student’s analogy as “not very accurate” and stating that “your analogy is not very precise and may lead to confusion.” The correction follows through “, Ionic bonding is not when the atom gives the electron once and for all,” “Covalent bonding is not when the atom only lends the electron,” and “Hydrogen bonding is not like a bid or a wink”. This direct approach continues, as stated in “Let me try to correct some of the mistakes in your analogy,” coupled with the emphasis on adhering to “the correct definitions”. Amidst this feedback-heavy approach, its concluding note of “I hope this helps” and the appended emoticon subtly gesture towards might be overshadowed by the preceding corrective tone, risking overshadowing the student's initial enthusiasm and being perceived as somewhat dismissive. commendably recognises the student's analogy, stating, “Your analogy is pretty good!” a nod to both and the . Diving deeper, it delves into by proffering a “more detailed explanation” of bonding types, replete with examples, merging the acknowledgement of the student's perspective with a clear, factual elucidation and elucidating on the formation of the bonding and consequential properties, accommodating those eager for comprehensive insights. Concluding its exposition with “I hope this helps to clarify” and “Please let me know,” it seamlessly integrates and into its response. , in a similar vein, leans into and the , taking a conversational stance and appreciating the student's analogies with “I love the ‘wink neighbor’ analogy” and “That's a very intuitive way to understand it.” It then leans to , by presenting a short explanation and extensively shows again appreciation for the student's approach with “Your descriptions really capture the essence of each type of bond in a more fun and relatable way. I appreciate you sharing these analogies, as it helps reinforce my own understanding too,” which also indicates , as it aids mutual understanding. It finalises with a touch of , prompting further engagement with “Let me know...” ChatGPT Personalization & Personable Touch Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Engagement & Interactivity BingChat Reinforcement & Feedback Personalization & Personable Touch Bard Personalization & Personable Touch Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Detail Depth & Content Recommendation Personalization & Personable Touch Engagement & Interactivity Claude Personalization & Personable Touch Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Instructional Strategies Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing Personalization & Personable Touch This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

GenAIbots Teach You the Essence of the Type of Chemical Bonding

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Question about illustration of chemical bonds *: can you create an illustration explaining these types of chemical bonds?* P1 *: Certainly! Let's break down the explanation and illustration into three parts:* ChatGPT 1. Covalent Bonding 2. Ionic Bonding 3. Hydrogen Bonding 1. Covalent Bonding: *: Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share electrons. The shared electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, holding the atoms together. This type of bond is common between non-metals.* Description *: Imagine two circles (representing atoms) with electrons (smaller circles or dots) around them. When they come close, they share some of these electrons.* Illustration ***2. Ionic Bonding: *** *: Ionic bonds are formed when one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom. This creates a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion). The opposite charges attract each other, holding the atoms together. This type of bond is common between metals and non-metals.* Description *: Imagine two circles (representing atoms). One atom has an extra electron which it donates to the other. This creates a "+" sign on the donating atom (cation) and a "-" sign on the receiving atom (anion). They are attracted due to opposite charges.* Illustration ***3. Hydrogen Bonding: *** *: Hydrogen bonds are a type of weak bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom* Description bonded to a strongly electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) is attracted to another electronegative atom. They are especially important in water molecules and in the structure of DNA. *: Imagine a water molecule (H2O) with a hydrogen atom (H) and an oxygen atom (O). The hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule. This attraction is represented by a dotted line, indicating the hydrogen bond. Now, let's create a visual representation for each of these bond types.* Illustration * Here's the visual representation of the three types of bonds: 1. Covalent Bonding: Atoms A and B are sharing electrons, represented by the blue dots between them. The red line indicates the covalent bond formed by this sharing. 2. Ionic Bonding: Atom A has donated an electron to Atom B. As a result, Atom A becomes positively charged (A+) and Atom B becomes negatively charged (B-). The dashed red line indicates the attraction between these oppositely charged ions. 3. Hydrogen Bonding: The hydrogen atom (H) bonded to the oxygen atom (O) is attracted to another oxygen atom. The solid red line indicates the covalent bond within the molecule, while the dashed green line represents the weaker hydrogen bond. I hope this helps clarify the differences between covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds! BingChat: * *: Sure. Here is an illustration explaining the different types of chemical bonds:* Bard Ionic bonds ionic bond between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom * In an ionic bond, one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. This results in two oppositely charged ions, which are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. In the image above, the sodium atom transfers one electron to the chlorine atom. The sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion (Na+), and the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl-). The Na+ and Cl- ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, and they form an ionic bond. Covalent bonds * covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms In a covalent bond, two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are typically formed between nonmetals. In the image above, the two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons. The two hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded together. Hydrogen bonds * hydrogen bond between two water molecules A hydrogen bond is a special type of weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and surface tension. In the image above, the hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen atom in another water molecule. This hydrogen bond is weaker than a covalent bond, but it is strong enough to hold the two water molecules together. I hope this illustration helps you to understand the different types of chemical bonds. Please let me know if you have any other questions. *: Here is an illustrated explanation of the three main types of chemical bonds - ionic,covalent, and hydrogen bonds:* Claude * In this illustration: • Ionic bonding is shown with the full electron transfer between the sodium and chlorine atoms, forming charged ions that attract. • Covalent bonding is shown with the shared pair of electrons between two hydrogen atoms. • Hydrogen bonding is shown with the polarity of the water molecule, leading to electrostatic attraction between molecules. Let me know if a visual explanation like this helps differentiate the types of bonds! I can create more illustrated examples to demonstrate chemical concepts. Images and diagrams can sometimes bring these abstract ideas to life. starts with the usual “Certainly!,” followed by "Let's break down the explanation," which demonstrates . After a detailed description of what the visualisation should comprise, repeatedly asking the student to “Imagine” something, it generated a quite crude “visual representation of the three types of bonds”, finalising with a “I hope this help clarify”. solely reliance on four high-quality, yet generic, pictures of chemical bonds not only did the images fail to employ effective , but they also did not promote genuine , failing to deeply engage users in the topic. The content also lacked in , as it missed drawing on parallels or real-world examples. Furthermore, the images also missed adding a , making the learning experience feel less tailored and intimate. used , by providing a comprehensive explanation, accompanied by three specific images sourced from the internet, each distinctly depicting a type of bond, adding . Concluding its explanation, added a touch of , expressing, “I hope this illustration helps you” and prompting further engagement with “Please let me know...” depiction was even more rudimentary, presenting bond details in textual format instead of offering a lucid visual illustration. Such a choice reflected a deficiency in and diminished , even though the final assertion “Images and diagrams can sometimes bring these abstract ideas to life.” While the closing remarks of "Let me know" and "I can create more illustrated examples" hint at a desire for , the lack of an actual tailored visual representation undermines this effort. ChatGPT Reinforcement & Feedback Instructional strategy Personalization & Personable Touch BingChat’s Instructional Strategies Engagement & Interactivity Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Personalization & Personable Touch Bard Instructional strategy Detail Depth & Content Recommendation Bard Personalization & Personable Touch Claude's Instructional Strategies Engagement & Interactivity Personalization & Personable Touch This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How GenAIbots Repond to Questions About Illustration of Chemical Bonds

কিভাবে GenAIbots রাসায়নিক বন্ডের ইলাস্ট্রেশন সম্পর্কে প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়

So reagieren GenAIbots auf Fragen zur Darstellung chemischer Bindungen

Cómo responden los GenAIbots a las preguntas sobre la ilustración de enlaces químicos

Comment les GenAIbots répondent aux questions sur l'illustration des liaisons chimiques

GenAIbots रासायनिक बंधों के चित्रण के बारे में प्रश्नों का उत्तर कैसे देते हैं

GenAIbotsが化学結合の図解に関する質問にどのように応答するか

GenAIbot이 화학 결합 예시에 대한 질문에 응답하는 방법

Como GenAIbots responde a perguntas sobre ilustração de ligações químicas

Как GenAIbots отвечают на вопросы об иллюстрации химических связей

GenAIbot'lar Kimyasal Bağların İllüstrasyonu Hakkında Sorulara Nasıl Yanıt Veriyor?

Cách GenAIbot trả lời câu hỏi về minh họa liên kết hóa học

GenAIbots 如何回答有关化学键说明的问题

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Question about chemical bondings *: I also get confused with covalent bonding, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds* P1 *: No worries! The different types of chemical bonds can be a bit confusing initially, but let's use some analogies and examples to clarify the distinctions.* ChatGPT 1. Covalent Bonding: • Analogy: Think of covalent bonds as two people holding hands, where each person represents an atom. Both people are sharing their hands (or electrons) with each other. • In covalent bonding, two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This sharing helps both atoms achieve a more stable electron configuration (usually a full outer shell). • Example: The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule (H2O) is covalent. ***2. Ionic Bonding: *** • Analogy: Imagine a scenario where one person gives a gift (an electron) to another person. The person who gives the gift now feels a sense of loss, while the recipient feels a sense of gain. • In ionic bonding, one atom donates an electron to another atom. This creates two ions: a positively charged cation (the donor) and a negatively charged anion (the recipient). Because opposite charges attract, these two ions are held together by electrostatic forces. • Example: In table salt (NaCl), sodium (Na+) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl−), forming an ionic bond. ***3. Hydrogen Bonds: *** • Analogy: Think of hydrogen bonds as weaker handshakes between neighbors. They're not as strong or intimate as holding hands, but they still create a connection. • Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces (meaning they occur between molecules) and are weaker than covalent or ionic bonds. They form when a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) is attracted to another electronegative atom. • Example: In water, the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted to the oxygen atom ofa neighboring water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. This is why water has unique properties like a high boiling point. Here's a brief recap: • Covalent Bonds: Atoms share electrons. • Ionic Bonds: Atoms transfer electrons, resulting in attraction between positive and negative ions. • Hydrogen Bonds: Weak attractions between molecules involving a hydrogen atom Does this help clarify the differences for you? Would you like to explore any specific type of bond in more detail? *: I understand that covalent bonding, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds can be confusing, as they are different types of interactions between atoms or molecules. Let me try to explain them to you in a simple way.* BingChat Covalent bonding is a type of intramolecular force, which means it occurs within a molecule. Covalent bonding is when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve a stable configuration. For example, in a water molecule, each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, forming a covalent bond. Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple, depending on how many pairs of electrons are shared. Covalent bonds are usually strong and require a lot of energy to break [ ]. 12 Ionic bonds are another type of intramolecular force, which means they also occur within a molecule. Ionic bonds are when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom, creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other. For example, in a sodium chloride crystal, each sodium atom loses one electron to become a positive ion (cation), and each chlorine atom gains one electron to become a negative ion (anion). The cations and anions are held together by ionic bonds. Ionic bonds are also strong and require a lot of energy to break [ ]. 12 Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force, which means they occur between molecules. Hydrogen bonds are when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) forms a weak attraction with another electronegative atom on a different molecule. For example, in liquid water, each hydrogen atom on one water molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom on another water molecule. Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent or ionic bonds and can be easily broken by thermal energy[ ] 12 I hope this helps you understand the difference between covalent bonding, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. If you want to learn more about these types of bonds and see some examples, you can visit this website1 or watch this video[3]. *: Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds are all types of chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together.* Bard Covalent bonds are formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds are typically formed between nonmetals. Examples of covalent bonds include the bonds in water (H2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Ionic bonds are formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. This results in two oppositely charged ions, which are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. Ionic bonds are typically formed between metals and nonmetals. Examples of ionic bonds include the bonds in sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Hydrogen bonds are a special type of weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point and surface tension. Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds: * *: No problem, those bonding terms can definitely be confusing! Let's go through them one-by-one:* Claude • Covalent bonds - Shared pairs of electrons between atoms. The electrons are attracted to the nuclei of both atoms, holding them together. Covalent bonds form molecules by connecting atoms. Example: the H2 molecule, with a shared pair of electrons between the H atoms. • Ionic bonds - Electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. The ions form from electron transfer between atoms. Ionic bonds hold ionic compounds together in a lattice. Example: table salt (NaCl), formed from Na+ and Cl- ions attracting. • Hydrogen bonds - A special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules. It occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms (F, O, N) which draws the electron density away. This creates a slightly positive H that can attract the negative end of another molecule. Example: hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which allows ice to maintain structure. The key differences: • Covalent - shared electrons • Ionic - electron transfer • Hydrogen - electrostatic between polar molecules Let me know if you need any clarification or want to go through examples contrasting the different types! Being able to distinguish them will help a lot when learning about chemical bonding. starts using , with a “No worries!,” and by assuring that these concepts “can be a bit confusing initially”. It then employs by breaking down the content into bullet points, which makes it more digestible and making with vivid and relatable examples and analogies like "holding hands," giving “a gift … to another person,” and “weaker handshakes between neighbors” to elucidate the nuances of bonding and the importance of these bonds in understanding the properties of compounds in chemistry. The ending questions “Does this help clarify” and “Would you like to explore” in more detail promote a , respectively. , on the other hand, employs , by providing a concise explanation, with relatable examples, and providing links to websites. It also uses a by saying “I hope this helps” and adding an emoticon at the end and further with “If you want to learn more” and links to websites and videos. offers structured, fact-based information and a few examples, in a more conventional classroom style, with tabulation, representing ideal for learners preferring straightforward factual presentations. However, this approach may lack the other platforms provide. , after an encouraging “No problem” and acknowledging that the subject “can definitely be confusing,” offering , takes a more direct approach, also offering structured, fact-based information and a few examples, in a more conventional classroom style, also incurring in the risk of lacking . with phrases that beckon the learner to seek further clarification or contrastive examples. The ending question “Let me know if you need any clarification” promote a and the invitation to ask for more “examples contrasting the different types” of bonding indicates . The concluding remark, "Being able to distinguish them will help a lot when learning about chemical bonding," underscores the wider importance of grasping the distinction under discussion and aligns with the ". ChatGPT Reinforcement & Feedback Instructional Strategies Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Personalization & Personable Touch and Engagement & Interactivity BingChat Instructional Strategies Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Detail Depth & Content Recommendation Personalization & Personable Touch Detail Depth & Content Recommendation Bard Instructional Strategies Engagement & Interactivity Claude Reinforcement & Feedback Engagement & Interactivity Personalization & Personable Touch Detail Depth & Content Recommendation and Engagement & Interactivity Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

GenAIbots Answer Questions About Chemical Bondings

Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles : P1 ah. this thing also confuses me. what is the difference between atom, molecule and mole? ChatGPT: Certainly, it's a common area of confusion for many students. Let's break it down one by one, using simple analogies: 1. Atom: • Imagine an atom as a single LEGO brick. It's the tiniest piece of an element that still retains the properties of that element. Just like a single red LEGO brick represents the color red, a single hydrogen atom represents the element hydrogen. 2. Molecule: • When you connect several LEGO bricks together, you form a structure. In chemistry, when you connect several atoms together, you form a molecule. For instance, two hydrogen atoms (H) can connect to form a hydrogen molecule (H2). Similarly, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom can connect to form a water molecule (H2O). ***3. Mole: *** • This one's a bit more abstract. Let's say you have a big box filled with identical LEGO structures (say, LEGO houses). If you count them and find there are exactly 6.022 x 1023 LEGO houses in that box, you have a "mole" of LEGO houses. • In chemistry, a mole is a specific number of things (atoms, molecules, electrons, etc.). Specifically, one mole of any substance contains exactly 6.022 x 10[23] of those entities. This number is called Avogadro's number. • The concept of a mole is a standardized way to talk about quantities in chemistry, much like a "dozen" is a standardized way to talk about 12 of something. So, to recap: • : Smallest unit of an element. Atom • : Made up of multiple atoms bonded together. Molecule • : A specific quantity (6.022 x 10[23]) of atoms, molecules, or other entities. Mole Do these analogies help clarify the differences for you? BingChat: I see that you are confused about the difference between atom, molecule and mole. These are three important terms in chemistry that describe different aspects of matter. Let me try to explain them to you in a simple way. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical identity. An element is a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom. For example, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and gold are elements. Each element has a unique symbol and atomic number that indicates how many protons it has in its nucleus. For example, hydrogen has the symbol H and atomic number 1, meaning it has one proton in its nucleus. Atoms are composed of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, and electrons orbit around the nucleus in shells or orbitals. The number of electrons in an atom determines its chemical behavior and reactivity [ ] 12 A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms that share or transfer electrons. There are different types of chemical bonds, such as covalent, ionic, metallic, and hydrogen bonds. A molecule can be composed of atoms of the same element or different elements. For example, oxygen gas (O2) is a molecule composed of two oxygen atoms bonded by a covalent bond. Water (H2O) is a molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded by covalent bonds. A molecule has a specific shape and structure that determines its physical and chemical properties[ ]. 32 A mole is a unit of measurement that is used to count the number of atoms or molecules in a given amount of substance. A mole is defined as the amount of substance that contains as many particles (atoms or molecules) as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. This number is called Avogadro’s number and it is approximately 6.022 x 10[23]. That means one mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10[23] particles (atoms or molecules). For example, one mole of oxygen gas contains 6.022 x 10[23] molecules of O2, and one mole of water contains 6.022 x 1023 molecules of H2O. The mass of one mole of a substance is called its molar mass and it is equal to its molecular weight in grams. For example, the molecular weight of oxygen gas is 32 g/mol and the molecular weight of water is 18 g/mol[ ]. 42 So, to summarize, an atom is the smallest unit of an element, a molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, and a mole is a unit of measurement that counts the number of particles in a substance. I hope this helps you understand the difference between atom, molecule and mole. :) *: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still has all of the properties of its element. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.* Bard A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together. A mole is a unit of measurement that is used to count atoms and molecules. One mole of any substance contains 6.02214076×10^23 particles of that substance. This number is known as Avogadro's constant. Here is a table that summarizes the key differences between atoms, molecules, and moles: Here are some examples of atoms, molecules, and moles: • Atoms: Hydrogen (H), helium (He), oxygen (O), carbon (C) • Molecules: Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) • Moles: One mole of hydrogen atoms, one mole of water molecules, one mole of carbon dioxide molecules I hope this helps to explain the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles. Please let me know if you have any other questions. *: Excellent question! Those three terms can definitely be confusing. Let's go through them one-by-one:* Claude Atom - The basic building block of matter. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. For example, a hydrogen atom has 1 proton; a carbon atom has 6 protons. Molecule - A group of two or more atoms bonded together. A molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that maintains the properties of that compound. For example, a water molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom bonded together (H2O). Mole - This is a number representing 6.02 x 10^23 things. It's usually used to represent a certain quantity of atoms or molecules. For example, 1 mole of carbon contains 6.02 x 10^23 carbon atoms. So in summary: • Atoms are the basic units of elements • Molecules are groups of bonded atoms that make up compounds • Moles are a way to represent 6.02 x 10^23 of something (useful for relating atomic/molecular masses to macroscopic masses) Let me know if this helps explain the distinction between these three important chemistry concepts! I'm happy to provide more examples as well. , by saying “Certainly, it's a common area of confusion for many students”, recognises a element by acknowledging the difficulty many students face. By saying, "Let's break it down one by one," it demonstrates Instructional strategy. The phrase “using simple analogies" clearly indicates the use of , while the question "Do these analogies help clarify?" shows an component by asking for feedback. saying "I see that you are confused" provides , while the phrase "Let me try to explain" indicates an Instructional Strategy and "in a simple way" attempts at by simplifying the information. Finally, "I hope this helps" and the inclusion of the smiley emoticon ":)" are gestures for Personalization & Pe , by explaining "An atom is..." and, later, offering "Here is a table," appeals to an , demonstrated by definition-based learning and visual data organisation, concluding with "I hope this helps" and “Please let me know if you have any other questions” demonstrates and . , by starting with “Excellent question" and acknowledging that the subject “can definitely be confusing,” recognises gives Reinforcement & feedback. It then invites, "Let's go through them one-by-one," pointing to an Instructional Strategy through systematic explanation. It also uses by providing two examples. It concludes with "Let me know if this helps," an element, and encouraging feedback. ChatGPT Reinforcement & Feedback Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Engagement & interactivity BingChat Reinforcement & Feedback Detail Depth & Content Recommendation rsonable Touch. Bard Instructional Strategy Engagement & Interactivity Reinforcement & Feedback Claude Analogy & Comparative Illustrations Engagement & Interactivity This paper is under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

How GenAIbots Explain the Difference Between Atoms, Molecules, and Moles

কিভাবে GenAIbots পরমাণু, অণু এবং মোলের মধ্যে পার্থক্য ব্যাখ্যা করে

Wie GenAIbots den Unterschied zwischen Atomen, Molekülen und Molen erklären

Cómo los GenAIbots explican la diferencia entre átomos, moléculas y moles

Comment les GenAIbots expliquent la différence entre les atomes, les molécules et les taupes

GenAIbots परमाणुओं, अणुओं और मोल्स के बीच अंतर कैसे समझाते हैं

GenAIbots が原子、分子、モルの違いを説明する方法

GenAIbot이 원자, 분자, 두더지의 차이점을 설명하는 방법

Como GenAIbots explicam a diferença entre átomos, moléculas e toupeiras

Как GenAIbots объясняют разницу между атомами, молекулами и кротами

GenAIbotlar Atomlar, Moleküller ve Benler Arasındaki Farkı Nasıl Açıklıyor?

Cách GenAIbots giải thích sự khác biệt giữa nguyên tử, phân tử và nốt ruồi

GenAIbots 如何解释原子、分子和摩尔之间的区别

Authors:
(1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Materials And Methods This study aimed to assess the efficacy of GenAIbots, including ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude, as tools to augment Chemistry learning when characterised as agents-to-think-with. Chemistry students can harness the capabilities of GenAIbots in diverse ways to elevate their academic journey. They can pose complex questions to obtain thorough explanations on difficult subjects, leverage the bot as a supplemental aid for challenging areas, or seek visual aids—including images, graphs, simulations, or even interactive games—to enhance their understanding of chemical concepts. Additionally, they can seek clarity on laboratory protocols or engage in interactive discussions to solidify their understanding. In this article, we specifically hone in on GenAIbots' utility as agents-to-think-with, virtual intelligent tutors addressing students' doubts, rectifying misconceptions, and providing in-depth insights into complex concepts. Our focus also centres on the primary challenges encountered by Chemistry students, as highlighted by Timilsena et al. (2022), encompassing chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium, phase changes, gases, stoichiometry, atoms and molecules, acids and bases, and covalent bonding. We undertook a comprehensive single case study, aligning with Yin's (2011) guidelines, to evaluate and contrast the performance of ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude. In analysing the responses of these AI systems, we adopted the Content Analysis methodology according to Bardin (1977) to delve into participants' experiences and viewpoints. This method offers insightful observations on student interactions with these GenAIbots. Prompting, the process of giving instructions, is crucial in interacting with language models. The process of meticulously precise, well-crafted sentences that elicit meaningful and valuable responses, or prompt-crafting, as Mishra et al. (2023) call it, is crucial for ensuring deep iterative reflections and engagements with GenAIbots as agents-to-think-with. Mollick (2023) offers a comprehensive guide to prompting, complete with detailed annotations and expanded examples. Two illustrative examples of prompt, crafted by ChatGPT itself, is presented below. The second one adds the intention of fostering profound iterative reflections and engagement in chemistry learning: Please provide a clear and comprehensible explanation of the various types of chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, and hydrogen), covering the theoretical concepts behind them and offering real-world examples suitable for an undergraduate student’s understanding. In the realm of chemistry, the concept of chemical bonding can be intricate, blending both theoretical principles and real-world applications. Walk me through the nuances of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, challenge me with thought-provoking questions and analogies that can help solidify my understanding and encourage further exploration. The initial prompt in the upcoming dialogue, refined through a series of AI experiments, serves as another example of engaging in a meaningful conversation with the GenAIbot rather than asking isolated questions that might merely yield standard textbook responses. Nevertheless, while this initial prompt serves to 'set the stage' for the dialogue, the subsequent interactions with the simulated student are more straightforward and devoid of any elaborate prompting. This design reflects a typical student's approach: they may lack expertise in crafting detailed prompts and simply seek answers to their chemistry doubts. The dialogue intends to capture this organic flow of inquiry rather than a meticulously structured question sequence. GenAIbots can maintain context within a particular session, drawing upon and building on topics or responses discussed earlier. Even if a user returns to a previously accessed session that has not been deleted, the chatbot can still recall and refer to past interactions from that session. This continuity lets users pick up right where they left off, facilitating a more seamless and cohesive conversation. However, it's crucial to understand that this retention is exclusive to the individual session and doesn't transfer to separate chat sessions, ensuring user privacy and data security. Dunlop et al. (2020) highlight the absence of philosophical dialogue in Chemistry Education and propose its integration into Higher Education. GenAIbots like ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude can facilitate Socratic-like, philosophical dialogues, encouraging user reflection, critical thinking and a deeper understanding of Chemistry's principles, assumptions, and ethical implications. GenAIbots can bridge the gap between theory and practice by promoting meaningful discussions and providing a holistic educational experience. Using GenAIbots as agents-to-think-with is new and innovative. Consequently, finding teachers willing to incorporate it into their classrooms for experimental purposes has been challenging. Due to this, the investigation did not involve real students. Instead, the researcher, acting as a STEM teacher at a Brazilian university, assumed the role of a student (identified as P1) in the interaction sessions. Empathy was incorporated into the research methodology to enable the researchers to act like students and understand their perspectives. Four sessions were held, each emulating the learning experiences of Chemistry students using ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, or Claude and focusing on their main difficulties, as discussed above. After the initial prompt to engage in a meaningful conversation with the GenAIbot and characterise the agents intervening in the dialogue, a simulated student begins in the dialogues with the widely recognised difficulty of balancing chemical reactions. The discussion then evolves in a somewhat unstructured order, where the response to the previous one inspires each new question. Data collection involved GenAIbot interaction logs, which recorded the participant's prompts and responses, and reflective journals maintained by the participant. These materials were later analysed to identify recurring themes and patterns, shedding light on the perceived impact of GenAIbots as an agent-to-think-with in Chemistry learning. From the initial readings of the participant's prompts and responses and reflective journals, the following seven categories of analysis emerged: 1. Instructional Strategies: o Methods used by AI to impart knowledge. 2. Engagement & Interactivity: o Prompting critical thinking and further exploration. o Asking questions, inviting responses, and encouraging deeper dives. 3. Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations: o Using parallels, metaphors, and real-world examples to explain concepts. 4. Reinforcement & Feedback: o Recognizing and affirming user input. o Correcting or building upon user understanding. o Reiteration of essential concepts. 5. Detail Depth & Content Recommendation: o The extent of detail provided, whether it's concise or expansive. o Suggesting additional learning materials and providing relevant content. 6. Personalization & Personable Touch: o Tailoring responses to individual needs. o Using emoticons, casual tones, or other elements for a more personalised feel. 7. Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing: o Addressing the broader relevance of concepts outside strict contexts. o Contextualizing abstract concepts using familiar frameworks. These categories will be used to comparatively analyse the answers of each GenAIbot to the individual participant’s questions below. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Authors: Authors: (1) Renato P. dos Santos, CIAGE – Centre for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cognition and Education. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Materials And Methods Materials And Methods Results and Analyses Results and Analyses Prompts and generated texts Prompts and generated texts Conceptualizing chemical reactions Conceptualizing chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Deepening on understanding of chemical reactions Question about combustion Question about combustion Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about a graph of gases turning into water over time Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Question about the difference between atoms, molecules, and moles Deepening on the concept of mole Deepening on the concept of mole Question about changing of state Question about changing of state Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about an animated representation of water molecules undergoing phase changes Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about plasma, a state of matter Question about chemical bondings Question about chemical bondings Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about illustration of chemical bonds Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Question about the essence of the type of chemical bonding Further analysis Further analysis Conclusions Conclusions Limitations of the study and possible future studies Limitations of the study and possible future studies Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Author Contributions, Conflicts of interest, Acknowledgements, and References Materials And Methods This study aimed to assess the efficacy of GenAIbots, including ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude, as tools to augment Chemistry learning when characterised as agents-to-think-with. Chemistry students can harness the capabilities of GenAIbots in diverse ways to elevate their academic journey. They can pose complex questions to obtain thorough explanations on difficult subjects, leverage the bot as a supplemental aid for challenging areas, or seek visual aids—including images, graphs, simulations, or even interactive games—to enhance their understanding of chemical concepts. Additionally, they can seek clarity on laboratory protocols or engage in interactive discussions to solidify their understanding. In this article, we specifically hone in on GenAIbots' utility as agents-to-think-with, virtual intelligent tutors addressing students' doubts, rectifying misconceptions, and providing in-depth insights into complex concepts. Our focus also centres on the primary challenges encountered by Chemistry students, as highlighted by Timilsena et al. (2022), encompassing chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium, phase changes, gases, stoichiometry, atoms and molecules, acids and bases, and covalent bonding. We undertook a comprehensive single case study, aligning with Yin's (2011) guidelines, to evaluate and contrast the performance of ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude. In analysing the responses of these AI systems, we adopted the Content Analysis methodology according to Bardin (1977) to delve into participants' experiences and viewpoints. This method offers insightful observations on student interactions with these GenAIbots. Prompting, the process of giving instructions, is crucial in interacting with language models. The process of meticulously precise, well-crafted sentences that elicit meaningful and valuable responses, or prompt-crafting, as Mishra et al. (2023) call it, is crucial for ensuring deep iterative reflections and engagements with GenAIbots as agents-to-think-with. Mollick (2023) offers a comprehensive guide to prompting, complete with detailed annotations and expanded examples. Two illustrative examples of prompt, crafted by ChatGPT itself, is presented below. The second one adds the intention of fostering profound iterative reflections and engagement in chemistry learning: Please provide a clear and comprehensible explanation of the various types of chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, and hydrogen), covering the theoretical concepts behind them and offering real-world examples suitable for an undergraduate student’s understanding. Please provide a clear and comprehensible explanation of the various types of chemical bonding (ionic, covalent, and hydrogen), covering the theoretical concepts behind them and offering real-world examples suitable for an undergraduate student’s understanding. In the realm of chemistry, the concept of chemical bonding can be intricate, blending both theoretical principles and real-world applications. Walk me through the nuances of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, challenge me with thought-provoking questions and analogies that can help solidify my understanding and encourage further exploration. In the realm of chemistry, the concept of chemical bonding can be intricate, blending both theoretical principles and real-world applications. Walk me through the nuances of covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, challenge me with thought-provoking questions and analogies that can help solidify my understanding and encourage further exploration. The initial prompt in the upcoming dialogue, refined through a series of AI experiments, serves as another example of engaging in a meaningful conversation with the GenAIbot rather than asking isolated questions that might merely yield standard textbook responses. Nevertheless, while this initial prompt serves to 'set the stage' for the dialogue, the subsequent interactions with the simulated student are more straightforward and devoid of any elaborate prompting. This design reflects a typical student's approach: they may lack expertise in crafting detailed prompts and simply seek answers to their chemistry doubts. The dialogue intends to capture this organic flow of inquiry rather than a meticulously structured question sequence. GenAIbots can maintain context within a particular session, drawing upon and building on topics or responses discussed earlier. Even if a user returns to a previously accessed session that has not been deleted, the chatbot can still recall and refer to past interactions from that session. This continuity lets users pick up right where they left off, facilitating a more seamless and cohesive conversation. However, it's crucial to understand that this retention is exclusive to the individual session and doesn't transfer to separate chat sessions, ensuring user privacy and data security. Dunlop et al. (2020) highlight the absence of philosophical dialogue in Chemistry Education and propose its integration into Higher Education. GenAIbots like ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Claude can facilitate Socratic-like, philosophical dialogues, encouraging user reflection, critical thinking and a deeper understanding of Chemistry's principles, assumptions, and ethical implications. GenAIbots can bridge the gap between theory and practice by promoting meaningful discussions and providing a holistic educational experience. Using GenAIbots as agents-to-think-with is new and innovative. Consequently, finding teachers willing to incorporate it into their classrooms for experimental purposes has been challenging. Due to this, the investigation did not involve real students. Instead, the researcher, acting as a STEM teacher at a Brazilian university, assumed the role of a student (identified as P1) in the interaction sessions. Empathy was incorporated into the research methodology to enable the researchers to act like students and understand their perspectives. Four sessions were held, each emulating the learning experiences of Chemistry students using ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, or Claude and focusing on their main difficulties, as discussed above. After the initial prompt to engage in a meaningful conversation with the GenAIbot and characterise the agents intervening in the dialogue, a simulated student begins in the dialogues with the widely recognised difficulty of balancing chemical reactions. The discussion then evolves in a somewhat unstructured order, where the response to the previous one inspires each new question. Data collection involved GenAIbot interaction logs, which recorded the participant's prompts and responses, and reflective journals maintained by the participant. These materials were later analysed to identify recurring themes and patterns, shedding light on the perceived impact of GenAIbots as an agent-to-think-with in Chemistry learning. From the initial readings of the participant's prompts and responses and reflective journals, the following seven categories of analysis emerged: 1. Instructional Strategies: 1. Instructional Strategies: o Methods used by AI to impart knowledge. 2. Engagement & Interactivity: 2. Engagement & Interactivity: o Prompting critical thinking and further exploration. o Asking questions, inviting responses, and encouraging deeper dives. 3. Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations: 3. Use of Analogy & Comparative Illustrations: o Using parallels, metaphors, and real-world examples to explain concepts. 4. Reinforcement & Feedback: 4. Reinforcement & Feedback: o Recognizing and affirming user input. o Correcting or building upon user understanding. o Reiteration of essential concepts. 5. Detail Depth & Content Recommendation: 5. Detail Depth & Content Recommendation: o The extent of detail provided, whether it's concise or expansive. o Suggesting additional learning materials and providing relevant content. 6. Personalization & Personable Touch: 6. Personalization & Personable Touch: o Tailoring responses to individual needs. o Using emoticons, casual tones, or other elements for a more personalised feel. 7. Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing: 7. Meta-discussion & Perspective Framing: o Addressing the broader relevance of concepts outside strict contexts. o Contextualizing abstract concepts using familiar frameworks. These categories will be used to comparatively analyse the answers of each GenAIbot to the individual participant’s questions below. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Analyzing GenAIbots' Efficacy in Chemistry Education

What's Inside Play to Earn

ইনসাইড কি আছে উপার্জন করতে খেলুন

Was ist drin? Spielen Sie, um zu verdienen

¿Qué hay dentro de Play para ganar?

Qu'y a-t-il à l'intérieur du jeu pour gagner

अंदर क्या है खेलो और कमाओ

プレイして稼ぐ内容

무엇이 들어있나요? 플레이해서 수익을 얻으세요

O que há dentro Jogue para ganhar

На чем можно заработать в Inside Play

Kazanmak İçin Oynamanın İçinde Neler Var?

Có gì bên trong Chơi để kiếm tiền

玩赚游戏有什么用

89 Stories To Learn About Big Data Analytics

361 Stories To Learn About Big Data

While Ethereum, Solana, and other blockchains have been at the forefront of building dApps, developers are now considering the untapped potential of building on Bitcoin with Rootstock. Explore a paradigm shift that could redefine your dApp development experience and open doors to unparalleled innovation. How does Rootstock enable building on Bitcoin? Rootstock is a smart contract, EVM-compatible sidechain on Bitcoin that enables developers to build decentralized applications (dApps) on top of Bitcoin. It is a that provides smart contract functionality and scalability without sacrificing the security of the Bitcoin blockchain. Its native cryptocurrency is called used as gas for all transactions happening on the Rootstock chain. layer 2 solution RBTC Read this comprehensive guide to get introduced to Smart Contract development and deployment, getting RBTC, tooling and developer resources and how to get help when building on the Rootstock Blockchain. If you want to get an in-depth view of the Rootstock Blockchain and why developers choose to build on Rootstock including EVM-compatibility, scalability, security of Bitcoin, and lower fees, read part one in the hackernoon series: . DeFi on Bitcoin Part 1: A Guide To Building dApps on Rootstock Prerequisites for Smart Contract Development on Rootstock Smart contracts are self-executing code that are stored on a blockchain. They can be used to automate a wide range of transactions and agreements, without the need for intermediaries. It is essential for building dApps, as they provide the foundation for decentralized applications. For a quick intro, read the to get a quick introduction to Rootstock, learn how to interact with Rootstock in your web browser, and how to view Rootstock transactions. quick-start guide Rootstock Smart Contract Capabilities: Rootstock offers a variety of smart contract capabilities, including: Support for Solidity: the most popular smart contract programming language. Developing on Rootstock: DeFi on Bitcoin Porting dApps and benefits over Ethereum EVM-compatibility: Rootstock’s virtual machine (RVM) is Rootstock’s high-performance virtual machine that can execute smart contracts quickly and efficiently and is EVM-compatible. Security: A secure and reliable environment for deploying and executing smart contracts. Since Rootstock (Layer 2) is built on Bitcoin (Layer 1), it benefits from Bitcoin's high security. Watch video on Merged Mining and Why it matters Rootstock’s Programming Languages Programming Languages use to develop dApp on Rootstock includes: Solidity Javascript To level up your knowledge of smart contracts, enroll for the . Learn how to write, test, compile, deploy, secure, and verify smart contracts using Solidity. Rootstock Blockchain Developer Course Additional resources include: How to setup a Hard Hat project for Rootstock . The Complete Full Stack dApp Guide on RSK - Part 2:Smart Contracts How to create an upgradeable Smart Contract using UUPS on Rootstock Optimizing blockchain infrastructure: Adding a dedicated API service for RPC requests How to do a contract call in Rootstock network How to verify a contract in Rootstock network in a nutshell Want to integrate with Rootstock? or visit the to get started. Get in touch with us Developer Portal Developer Tooling If you’ve already developed any dApps on Ethereum, you should be ready to hop on Rootstock and start building on Bitcoin. Here are some developer tooling to enable smart contract deployment on Rootstock including : explorers, frameworks, libraries, demo code snippets, blockchain oracles, node infrastructure, and smart contract monitoring Explorers (Rootstock Explorer) The provides an in-depth visualization of all the transactions, blocks, addresses and tokens in the blockchain. It also supports contract verifications / interactions. Rootstock blockchain explorer Frameworks Frameworks enable Rootstock developers to participate in the Rootstock ecosystem at different levels, such as  running full nodes, trading tokens, mining cryptocurrency, and more. Following are some frameworks used to build Rootstock dApps: : Hardhat is a development environment for Ethereum software. It consists of different components for editing, compiling, debugging and deploying your smart contracts and dApps, all of which work together to create a complete development environment. Check out this step-by-step tutorial on . Hardhat How to set up a Hardhat project to connect to the Rootstock Testnet : is a framework for Rapid DApp Development. Learn how to build on Rootstock using . useDApp useDApp useDApp React Library Libraries Ethers.js: Ethers.js is a JavaScript library that allows developers to interact with the blockchain. The library includes utility functions in JavaScript and TypeScript, and can also support wallets. OpenZeppelin: is a library for secure smart contract development to help developers build on a solid foundation of community-vetted code. OpenZeppelin Demo Code Snippets The is a github repo full of code snippets demonstrating dev tasks on Rootstock. Each folder within this repo contains a separate demo, and has its own dependencies to install. demo code snippets Blockchain Oracles Blockchain oracles are entities that connect blockchains to external systems, allowing smart contracts to execute depending on real-world inputs and outputs. Here are some oracles integrated with Rootstock: mission is to connect Web2 APIs with Web3 to unlock the tremendous potential of trustless applications that interact with real-world businesses, and truly decentralized off-chain data feeds. API3's Node Infrastructure is a service that provides a fast and easy connection to Rootstock nodes, and a continuously growing list of over 40 cryptocurrency nodes. GetBlock is a blockchain-as-a-service enterprise solution that lets users get access to full Nodes and blockbook Explorers via an API. The service provides a high-quality infrastructure that is quick, cost-effective, and reliable. NOWNodes Blockchain Data Analytics, Asset Monitoring and Management helps developers build, monitor, and improve smart contracts by providing a set of tools to boost productivity, save time, and ensure smart contracts are working as expected. Tenderly is a hosted blockchain data solution providing access to historical and current on-chain data for 100+ supported blockchains, including Rootstock. Covalent is an industry leading analytics and compliance platform. Its AML solutions are trusted to best analyze and manage risk. Coinfirm is an enterprise-grade platform delivering a secure infrastructure for moving, storing, and issuing digital assets aimed at institutional use cases. Fireblocks No-Code Infrastructure enables creation of Blockchains, Subnets, and dApps with a No-Code interface. Forward Protocol Want to integrate with Rootstock? or visit the to get started. Get in touch with us Developer Portal Getting RBTC RBTC, or Smart Bitcoin, is the native token of the Rootstock blockchain and it is pegged 1:1 to BTC. It plays a crucial role in the functioning and security of the Rootstock ecosystem and is the token to be used for transaction fees, smart contract execution, Bitcoin peg maintenance, and as a store of value as it has the same value of BTC. To start building on Rootstock, you will need to acquire RBTC. For a detailed guide on Exchanges, Cryptocurrencies and the various ways to get crypto on Rootstock. See or . 3 Easy Ways to Get RBTC Get Crypto on Rootstock Here are some other methods; Faucets A is an app or a website that distributes small amounts of cryptocurrencies as a reward for completing easy tasks. The is used to get test tokens for building and deployments on Testnet. crypto faucet Rootstock Testnet Faucet Decentralized Exchanges Decentralized exchanges or “DEX”, is a peer-to-peer marketplace where users can trade cryptocurrencies without the need for a central authority. Instead, DEXs use smart contracts to facilitate trades and ensure that they are executed fairly and securely. Let’s take a look at DEXes that support Rootstock tokens: Money on Chain is a non-custodial and permissionless smart contract based system for Bitcoin lending, borrowing and margin trading. Users can buy SOV with RBTC, swap and trade: DOC, BPRO, rUSDT, xUSD, and MOC tokens on Sovryn. Sovryn is a Decentralized Exchange from Money on Chain, which uses periodic ticks in an order book to match operations at an emerging price, avoiding front-running and allowing fair price discovery even with low volume. Tex is a browser extension for accessing Bitcoin, Rootstock, and Ethereum applications. This MetaMask alternative supports multiple blockchains and provides the easiest way to flip between BTC, ETH/ERC20s, and RSK tokens with built-in one-click atomic swaps. Liquality Wallet Centralized Exchanges Centralized exchanges are managed by a centralized organization such as a bank that is otherwise involved in financial services looking to make a profit. Some of these exchanges include: CoinEx Mexc SimpleSwap Binance MtPelerin Ramp Bridges Bridges are software protocols that enable communication and interaction between different blockchains. 2 way peg The 2 way peg is a protocol that converts BTC to RBTC and vice versa. It is secured by the , which is a unique 2-way peg system that secures the locked bitcoins with the same Bitcoin hashrate that establishes consensus. See the to get started. powpeg 2 way peg app Tokenbridge The allows the move of ERC20 tokens between one chain and the other. Ethereum/Rootstock Bridge Sovryn Cross-chain bridge The allows easy and permissionless transfers of your tokens from one blockchain to another. There are currently three blockchains included in the bridge: Rootstock, Ethereum, and Binance Smart Chain. Sovryn Cross-chain Bridge Supported Wallets Wallets that support RBTC include: Metamask Exodus MyEtherWallet Enkrypt Blockwallet Coinhub Ledger Trezor MyCrypto D’Cent Frontier Tally And lots more… Supported Token Standards ERC20 ERC677 To understand the differences, read . Fungible Token standards Asset Types Fungible Tokens USDRIF: is a fully crypto collateralized stablecoin. 1:1 pegged to US Dollar guaranteed by the smart contract that creates it. RIF US Dollar RIF: This allows any token holder to consume the services that are compatible with the RIF architecture. Token DOC: is the ideal stablecoin for daily transactions and users seeking to hold current value without leaving the benefits of bitcoin. Dollar on Chain Non-token financial assets BPRO: This allows hodlers passive income combined with free leverage that makes the price of the token rise even more when bitcoin price goes up. token RIF Pro: get additional leverage on their RIF and are also eligible to earn a share of fees generated by the RIF on Chain protocol. Holders Visit the to get started. RIF On Chain decentralized protocol Rootstock Community and Support The Rootstock blockchain is supported by its community of developers and blockchain enthusiasts that together provide a significant knowledge base for newcomers to the community. You can find these communities and support channels on: Stackoverflow . Tag #RSK or #Rootstock to get support. Get your questions answered on Stackoverflow Rootstock Global Discord Community Join the Rootstock to get the needed resources and support as you start your journey to build on Bitcoin and Ethereum. Global Discord Community Want to integrate with Rootstock? or visit the to get started. Get in touch with us Developer Portal Free Education Sources Take these courses on Rootstock to level up your knowledge of Rootstock Sidechain  and Writing Smart contracts. Rootstock Blockchain Developer Course The teaches you how to develop on the Rootstock blockchain, with a major focus on smart contract development. In this course, you will learn how to write, test, compile, deploy, secure, and verify smart contracts using Solidity and it is completely FREE! developer course Rootstock User Course The aims to teach you how to use and interact with the Rootstock blockchain network. This course is for a technical user, but does not require or involve any programming knowledge and it is completely FREE! User course Contribute Here are the various ways you can contribute to the Rootstock Ecosystem! Join the Ambassador Program , support the Rootstock ecosystem and earn exclusive rewards. Become a Rootstock Ambassador Earn Rewards Collaborate Network Increase network Get merchandise Get invited and participate in exclusive events with top thought leaders in the space. Submit an Issue Contribute to the . Rootstock Developer Portal Submit an issue Participate in a hackathon or grant Wave three of closes on November 17th — and if you've got a project or an idea that could supercharge our ecosystem, we want to hear from you. Rootstock's grants program Meet the winners of the . first waves of Rootstock Grants Program Future Prospects and Potential Impact of Rootstock on the Blockchain Industry Rootstock is revolutionizing the way decentralized applications are being built and deployed. By providing smart contract functionality and scalability on Bitcoin, Rootstock is enabling developers and businesses to build dApps that are more secure, reliable, and efficient. Rootstock also has a significant impact on the adoption of Bitcoin, by making it possible to build dApps on Bitcoin, Rootstock has opened up new possibilities for the use of Bitcoin. For example, Rootstock can be used to build decentralized financial applications (DeFi) and other innovative dApps on Bitcoin. In this article, we covered how to deploy dApps on Bitcoin using Rootstock EVM-compatible sidechain, we looked at developer tooling and resources needed to get started on Rootstock. Useful Resources DeFi on Bitcoin: The Top 4 Use Cases to Build on Rootstock Rootstock vs. Ethereum: Why More Developers Are Choosing To Build on Rootstock Rootstock Developer Portal Rootstock Youtube

DeFi on Bitcoin Part 2: How to Deploy DApps on Bitcoin Using the Rootstock Sidechain

বিটকয়েনে ডিফাই পার্ট 2: রুটস্টক সাইডচেইন ব্যবহার করে বিটকয়েনে কীভাবে ডিএপস স্থাপন করবেন

DeFi auf Bitcoin Teil 2: So stellen Sie DApps auf Bitcoin mithilfe der Rootstock-Sidechain bereit

DeFi en Bitcoin Parte 2: Cómo implementar DApps en Bitcoin usando la cadena lateral Rootstock

DeFi sur Bitcoin Partie 2 : Comment déployer des DApps sur Bitcoin à l'aide de la chaîne latérale Rootstock

बिटकॉइन पर डेफी भाग 2: रूटस्टॉक साइडचेन का उपयोग करके बिटकॉइन पर डीएपी कैसे तैनात करें

ビットコインの DeFi パート 2: Rootstock サイドチェーンを使用してビットコインに DApps をデプロイする方法

비트코인의 DeFi 2부: Rootstock 사이드체인을 사용하여 비트코인에 DApp을 배포하는 방법

DeFi em Bitcoin Parte 2: Como implantar DApps em Bitcoin usando Rootstock Sidechain

DeFi на Биткойне. Часть 2: Как развернуть DApps на Биткойне с помощью сайдчейна Rootstock

Bitcoin'de DeFi Bölüm 2: Anaç Yan Zinciri Kullanılarak Bitcoin'de DApp'ler Nasıl Dağıtılır

DeFi trên Bitcoin Phần 2: Cách triển khai DApp trên Bitcoin bằng cách sử dụng Rootstock Sidechain

比特币上的 DeFi 第 2 部分：如何使用 Rootstock 侧链在比特币上部署 DApp

Why you should improve your communication skills The importance of communication in might not be direct or obvious. Here, we break down the benefits of improving your communication skills. software development Competetive Advantage Basically, most software engineers are experts at technical skills, but a small percentage of them focus on developing their communication skills. Possessing effective communication skills can act as a key differentiator and boost your value in the software engineering talent market. Sure, everyone is looking to be a 10x developer, but the reality is not every one of them will have the opportunity to be a tech lead or a manager if he can’t communicate effectively with his team. Connecting with your teammates and recruiters Effective communication skills can help your network build wide connections within the software engineering community. This can help you access information on the latest trends and technologies in the industry, interesting projects that are working on, and learn about different job opportunities. leading tech companies Applications nowadays are processed through online media. Effective written communication skills can help you connect better with recruiters. It can also help you develop fruitful relationships with recruiters and persons of influence at tech companies that could lead to referrals and help you land interviews. Reduces Errors and Increases Efficiency/Saves Time and Increases Productivity Effective communication eliminates communication barriers, allowing information to flow easily and smoothly. With improved understanding and clarity, software engineers can make informed decisions and perform tasks with fewer errors. This improves the overall efficiency of processes and projects. Therefore, access to those pieces of information allows software engineers to perform their tasks in a timely manner. Proper communication of client, product, or project requirements enables software engineers to develop code quickly. How Can You Communicate Effectively as a Software Engineer? Have a Purpose and be clear. Whether informal or formal, communication without a clear reason or desired outcome can be a major time buster. Communication with clear cause and effect can enhance productivity and clarity, but it also helps build your image as a knowledgeable, focused engineer. The right tone will enhance the clarity of communication. Project delays or difficult clients are situations where your emotions can affect your tone of voice. Of course, there are ways to maintain clarity, like using calendars, writing detailed tickets (trust me on this one; this will save your life), asking for clarification, confirming that you’ve been heard and understood, and being mindful of communication gaps. Listen Actively Talking is only half of the equation of . It’s a continuous flow of sending and receiving information. communication You need to listen to what customers or clients need so the flow of problem-solving, requirements analysis, and system design can run correctly, and you can avoid losing precious time and patience. Understanding others’ views will help you interact with them better, thereby helping you to have more successful relationships. Be Humble, Respectful, and Approachable Adopting a respectful tone and acknowledging differences with the view to finding a solution is an effective way to make yourself heard and get your message across. Effective communication is all about communicating with humility and being approachable. Sometimes, you may find it challenging to approach others. However, you can be open and receptive to communication. This will help build relations. It will encourage more people to share information with you and make others more receptive to the communication you send. Easy access to information will help you perform your tasks better and identify new opportunities. Time and place are always important. You must communicate at a time that will fulfill the purpose of your communication. This will engage your audience and get your message across better. The urgency of your communication will also influence your choice of the communication channel. For example, if a teammate requires information immediately, you talk to them in person while an idea can be jotted on a shared whiteboard. When working remotely, audio-visual communication can be more effective than in-person meetings. While video calling may seem a natural substitute for face-to-face interaction, it suffers from being private. Because everyone’s in their own house, there is no chance for the team to overhear conversations and any insights generated can’t be diffused to the rest of the team. Instead, team members should use communication spaces where the whole team is present, such as Slack channels, even for things that they might normally do on a one-to-one basis, simply because not every exchange of information should be in a meeting (that would be a waste of time). Depending on the level of formality, you will want to consider official channels of communication or informal interactions. Ensure you’re familiar with and in line with your organization’s communication systems and the company’s communication culture. Be brief Good communication does not mean more communication. In many cases, quality over quantity is the key. We all have a variety of communication channels to manage these days, and the clearer you can be with fewer words, the more you will often be appreciated by the recipient. You should aim to say fewer things without losing the impactful point of the message, and that’s not easy. Write Documentation Yeah, I know, now I sound like a boomer 😁 but yeah, actually writing some documentation will provide you with an excellent and free written communication exercise. As a , there will be many opportunities to write some required documentation. software developer working in a team This will save you time since there are always some questions that different parts from the client side or your team will ask. Conclusion Communication is fundamental to software development. By embracing the communication principles suggested, you and your team will continue to excel. Sources: How to Communicate Effectively as a Software Engineer Communication in Software Development Teams - Coralogix Effective Communication Skills in Software Engineering | Santex Why Communication is Important for Software Developers | HackerNoon Also published . here

Getting on the Same Page: Improving Your Communication Skills as a Software Developer

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