E2E encryption only works for simple chat apps today

Comm

comm

Linking New York and Dublin via a livestream video portal is actually a stroke of genius. The two cities, separated by an ocean, share elements of history and culture, making them seemingly obvious bedfellows in this artistic endeavor. Created by a Lithuanian artist, and backed by the local councils of both Dublin in Ireland and New York City, the project was designed to foster a unique digital connection and bridge the sea. And while it has done that admirably, the headlines have focused mainly on some of the NSFW behavior exhibited by some of the residents of each city. But while the new livestream portal between the two cities presented a mixed bag of very human behavior, it has also shown another way that technology can be used to bridge gaps. A spokesperson for the Dublin City Council said, “The overwhelming majority of interactions are positive. We have seen families and friends unite, dancing moves being shared as well as new friendships being made. There was even a successful marriage proposal.” And despite the fact that the New York/Dublin link has seen some slightly scandalous headlines, this isn’t actually the first portal. The first cross-city portal link was between Lublin in Poland and Vilnius in Lithuania and has widely been seen as a success. In fact, there are other portals planned soon, with another connection in Brazil, according to the Portals organization website. So far, cool idea - barring some very human issues. But could this be the start of a new way of using digital tools for connecting and communicating? Using Screens to Communicate We’ve all grown used to jumping on a Zoom call, sharing Insta updates, dropping some WhatsApp messages, and even, shock horror, maybe actually calling someone. But the livestream portal suggests that we don’t even need to schedule a call anymore - we could create our own little windows into the world. Mark McDermott, CEO of ScreenCloud, has long been espousing the benefits of connected screens. “We’ve grown used to seeing screens everywhere, often just selling us stuff, reminding us not to leave our luggage lying around or sometimes just blank with an input error message. But portals can be a really good way to use these screens to communicate in a more fluid manner.” As he says, there are a number of ways he sees the potential use cases for this type of technology. “Obviously New York and Dublin are two big global cities. But a portal can be used to connect anything from different business locations, college campuses, events. They could even add a connection for twinned cities - a similar approach to the New York/Dublin Livestream portal, but perhaps with less potential for scandal.” An example of this within a business setting could be using a live stream portal setup in the breakrooms of different branch offices. This then means that distant work colleagues could chat casually over the water cooler, even if they’re in different cities… The same opportunities could be used for school or college campuses, research centers, multi-site events, or government offices. And the opportunity to have an ad-hoc chat over a livestream portal screen could mean less wasted time on meetings that could have been emails. Something that many of us are all too familiar with… If this sounds like it could be tricky to build, create and manage, actually it’s more simple than you might think. Especially when you factor in low-cost hardware and affordable software solutions. Use Cases for Two-Way Live Streaming Live streams are obviously nothing new. Webcams have been around since the internet began, and we’ve seen various platforms adopt live streaming to Q&As and webinars, gaming, and sports events. But two-way live streaming could change elements of the workplace, customer service, how we interact with local government, and even our friends and families! While an open channel to discuss with work colleagues in different locations might seem obvious, another opportunity in customer service could be just as important. Especially in an era where AI is being used to replace human interaction. A two-way livestream could connect shoppers to customer support via a location within a store. Or citizens could attend political rallies, government consultations, or parliamentary sessions from provincial offices, without needing to make a trip to parliament. As Mark McDermott from ScreenCloud points out, “The use cases for creating two way live streaming portals are potentially endless. It could also be an incredible tool for cooperation across different departments or hubs. For example if you have your researchers in one location and product team in another, rather than scheduling daily or weekly meetings, a live portal could facilitate real time collaboration.” What Do You Need to Create a Livestream Portal? The technology linking a livestream portal is actually quite simple and readily available using consumer-grade tech. All you need is a screen on each side with a live streaming connection via a tool such as YouTube Live, Twitch, or Zoom. Those looking for a more solid and permanent stream could also use a tool such as Open Broadcaster Software, which is an open-source live streaming solution. It would then be a case of connecting these dual streams to your display, either via a local hard drive or using a cloud-based digital signage software to stream. Of course, the cloud-based option frees up space, as most modern TVs feature integrated casting. As far as screens go, the choice is as broad as you want it to be. Whether it’s a standard smart TV or an interactive video kiosk. If you’re creating a break room portal, for example, screens connecting two offices, an inexpensive LCD TV would be perfect. For a more public installation, for example in a campus foyer, or at a music festival, you’d need a more hardwearing piece of equipment such as an OLED video wall or freestanding digital signage screen. But the portal has opened up a new way of thinking about how screens communicate. Where will they pop up next? Linking New York and Dublin via a livestream video portal is actually a stroke of genius. The two cities, separated by an ocean, share elements of history and culture, making them seemingly obvious bedfellows in this artistic endeavor. livestream video portal livestream video portal Created by a Lithuanian artist, and backed by the local councils of both Dublin in Ireland and New York City, the project was designed to foster a unique digital connection and bridge the sea. And while it has done that admirably, the headlines have focused mainly on some of the NSFW behavior exhibited by some of the residents of each city. But while the new livestream portal between the two cities presented a mixed bag of very human behavior, it has also shown another way that technology can be used to bridge gaps. A spokesperson for the Dublin City Council said, “The overwhelming majority of interactions are positive. We have seen families and friends unite, dancing moves being shared as well as new friendships being made. There was even a successful marriage proposal.” And despite the fact that the New York/Dublin link has seen some slightly scandalous headlines, this isn’t actually the first portal. The first cross-city portal link was between Lublin in Poland and Vilnius in Lithuania and has widely been seen as a success. Vilnius in Lithuania Vilnius in Lithuania In fact, there are other portals planned soon, with another connection in Brazil, according to the Portals organization website. Portals organization Portals organization So far, cool idea - barring some very human issues. But could this be the start of a new way of using digital tools for connecting and communicating? Using Screens to Communicate We’ve all grown used to jumping on a Zoom call, sharing Insta updates, dropping some WhatsApp messages, and even, shock horror, maybe actually calling someone. But the livestream portal suggests that we don’t even need to schedule a call anymore - we could create our own little windows into the world. Mark McDermott, CEO of ScreenCloud , has long been espousing the benefits of connected screens. ScreenCloud ScreenCloud “We’ve grown used to seeing screens everywhere, often just selling us stuff, reminding us not to leave our luggage lying around or sometimes just blank with an input error message. But portals can be a really good way to use these screens to communicate in a more fluid manner.” As he says, there are a number of ways he sees the potential use cases for this type of technology. “Obviously New York and Dublin are two big global cities. But a portal can be used to connect anything from different business locations, college campuses, events. They could even add a connection for twinned cities - a similar approach to the New York/Dublin Livestream portal, but perhaps with less potential for scandal.” An example of this within a business setting could be using a live stream portal setup in the breakrooms of different branch offices. This then means that distant work colleagues could chat casually over the water cooler, even if they’re in different cities… The same opportunities could be used for school or college campuses, research centers, multi-site events, or government offices. And the opportunity to have an ad-hoc chat over a livestream portal screen could mean less wasted time on meetings that could have been emails. Something that many of us are all too familiar with… If this sounds like it could be tricky to build, create and manage, actually it’s more simple than you might think. Especially when you factor in low-cost hardware and affordable software solutions. Use Cases for Two-Way Live Streaming Live streams are obviously nothing new. Webcams have been around since the internet began, and we’ve seen various platforms adopt live streaming to Q&As and webinars, gaming, and sports events. But two-way live streaming could change elements of the workplace, customer service, how we interact with local government, and even our friends and families! While an open channel to discuss with work colleagues in different locations might seem obvious, another opportunity in customer service could be just as important. Especially in an era where AI is being used to replace human interaction. A two-way livestream could connect shoppers to customer support via a location within a store. Or citizens could attend political rallies, government consultations, or parliamentary sessions from provincial offices, without needing to make a trip to parliament. As Mark McDermott from ScreenCloud points out, “The use cases for creating two way live streaming portals are potentially endless. It could also be an incredible tool for cooperation across different departments or hubs. For example if you have your researchers in one location and product team in another, rather than scheduling daily or weekly meetings, a live portal could facilitate real time collaboration.” What Do You Need to Create a Livestream Portal? The technology linking a livestream portal is actually quite simple and readily available using consumer-grade tech. All you need is a screen on each side with a live streaming connection via a tool such as YouTube Live, Twitch, or Zoom. Those looking for a more solid and permanent stream could also use a tool such as Open Broadcaster Software , which is an open-source live streaming solution. Open Broadcaster Software Open Broadcaster Software It would then be a case of connecting these dual streams to your display, either via a local hard drive or using a cloud-based digital signage software to stream. Of course, the cloud-based option frees up space, as most modern TVs feature integrated casting. As far as screens go, the choice is as broad as you want it to be. Whether it’s a standard smart TV or an interactive video kiosk. If you’re creating a break room portal, for example, screens connecting two offices, an inexpensive LCD TV would be perfect. For a more public installation, for example in a campus foyer, or at a music festival, you’d need a more hardwearing piece of equipment such as an OLED video wall or freestanding digital signage screen. But the portal has opened up a new way of thinking about how screens communicate. Where will they pop up next?

Why the New York-Dublin Portal Marks a New Era in Communication 

You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here. This part is 33 of 38. Line of Effort 8: Combat the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware The proliferation and misuse of commercial spyware poses a significant threat to both U.S. national security—including counterintelligence interests—and to democratic values and human rights around the globe by enabling the surveillance, repression, and targeting of journalists, human rights defenders, anti-corruption activists, and other civil society members. In March 2023, President Biden signed an executive order limiting U.S. government operational use of commercial spyware that poses significant counterintelligence or security risks to the United States, or significant risks of improper use, including committing human rights abuses, by a foreign government or foreign person. At the same time, the Department of State launched a Joint Statement on Efforts to Counter the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware with 10 other countries committed to undertaking concrete efforts to counter the misuse and proliferation of commercial spyware, which an additional 6 countries joined in March 2024. Moving forward, the U.S. government will continue to work to disincentivize misuse and positively reshape the commercial spyware market by driving out or encouraging reform by businesses associated with the misuse of these tools. The Department of State will continue to engage diplomatically to urge the countries that have already joined the Joint Statement to take concrete steps to counter the misuse and proliferation of commercial spyware, induce additional countries to join, and persuade countries that misuse or enable the misuse of spyware to implement safeguards to deviate less from U.S. policy. The Department of State will continue to partner with the Departments of Commerce and Treasury to promote accountability for those who misuse—or enable or benefit from the misuse—of commercial spyware through tools like sanctions, visa restrictions, and export controls. In addition, the Department of State will continue to elevate this issue in multilateral and public forums as well as engage closely with civil society, journalists, tech platforms, and the investment community. Continue Reading Here. This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here. This part is 33 of 38. You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here . This part is 33 of 38. here here Line of Effort 8: Combat the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware The proliferation and misuse of commercial spyware poses a significant threat to both U.S. national security—including counterintelligence interests—and to democratic values and human rights around the globe by enabling the surveillance, repression, and targeting of journalists, human rights defenders, anti-corruption activists, and other civil society members. In March 2023, President Biden signed an executive order limiting U.S. government operational use of commercial spyware that poses significant counterintelligence or security risks to the United States, or significant risks of improper use, including committing human rights abuses, by a foreign government or foreign person. At the same time, the Department of State launched a Joint Statement on Efforts to Counter the Proliferation and Misuse of Commercial Spyware with 10 other countries committed to undertaking concrete efforts to counter the misuse and proliferation of commercial spyware, which an additional 6 countries joined in March 2024. Moving forward, the U.S. government will continue to work to disincentivize misuse and positively reshape the commercial spyware market by driving out or encouraging reform by businesses associated with the misuse of these tools. The Department of State will continue to engage diplomatically to urge the countries that have already joined the Joint Statement to take concrete steps to counter the misuse and proliferation of commercial spyware, induce additional countries to join, and persuade countries that misuse or enable the misuse of spyware to implement safeguards to deviate less from U.S. policy. The Department of State will continue to partner with the Departments of Commerce and Treasury to promote accountability for those who misuse—or enable or benefit from the misuse—of commercial spyware through tools like sanctions, visa restrictions, and export controls. In addition, the Department of State will continue to elevate this issue in multilateral and public forums as well as engage closely with civil society, journalists, tech platforms, and the investment community. Continue Reading Here. Continue Reading Here . Here This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State by the U.S Department of State by the U.S Department of State

Tackling Spyware Misuse: United States' Efforts to Counter Commercial Spyware Proliferation

The Challenges of Building a Web3 Community from Scratch With Strategies for Success

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license.
Authors:
(1) Dipankar Sarkar, Cryptuon Research and me@dipankar.name Table of Links Abstract and Introduction
Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP)
Atomic composability & ZK-proofs
Incorporating Zk-proofs
Application of the Formal Model
Conclusion and References 2 Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Addressing the multifaceted nature of blockchain ecosystems, especially those spanning several rollups, demands a structured, rigorous approach to uphold transactional integrity and reliability. To this end, our formal model seeks to methodically dissect and elucidate atomic composability across Ethereum’s multiple rollups. Our model is an amalgamation of classic distributed system theories and innovative cryptographic practices. We recognize that merely adapting traditional system theories to the blockchain milieu is not sufficient, necessitating a model tailored for the peculiarities of decentralized ledgers, especially within Ethereum’s ecosystem ([9]. Subsequent sections will delve into the intricacies of our formal model, commencing with fundamental definitions. We will then probe into operational dynamics, examining transactional workflows, dependency resolutions, and concurrency nuances. Cryptographic methodologies, particularly zeroknowledge proofs, will be highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in efficient, confidential transaction validations. With this formal model, our aspiration is to furnish readers with an encompassing, lucid, and rigorous comprehension of how to establish, sustain, and, if necessary, re-establish atomic composability in environments with multiple rollups. 2.1 Definitions • R: Set of rollups on Ethereum. • T: Set of transactions, where Ti,j is the j-th transaction on rollup Ri. • Pd: Decentralized common pool. • K: Set of cryptographic keys associated with transactions. • τ : Timestamp attached to each transaction when it’s accepted by the majority of Pd nodes. • B: Buffer zone where transactions with pending dependencies are stored. • τmax: Maximum time a transaction can reside in buffer B. • Bmax: Maximum number of transactions that can reside in buffer B. • Dmax: Maximum number of attempts to resolve a transaction’s dependencies. 2.2 Operations 2.2.1 Publish • Description: This operation ensures that every transaction Ti,j from rollup Ri is published to the Decentralized Common Pool Pd. • Steps: 1. Ri generates a transaction Ti,j . 2. Ri sends Ti,j to Pd. 3. On receiving Ti,j , the majority of nodes in Pd timestamp it with τ and store it. • Output: publish(Ti,j ) → Pd(τ ) 2.2.2 Buffer • Description: Transactions with unmet dependencies are sent to the buffer B until their dependencies are resolved or they hit one of the defined limits. • Steps: 1. If Ti,j has unresolved dependencies, it’s directed to B. 2. Ti,j resides in B until either its dependencies are resolved or it breaches one of the constraints (τmax, Bmax, or Dmax). • Output: buffer(Ti,j ) → B 2.2.3 Resolve • Description: The operation checks for and resolves dependencies between two transactions, possibly from different rollups. • Steps: 1. Given two transactions Ti,j and Tk,l, Pd checks for their mutual dependencies. 2. If dependencies exist, Pd attempts resolution based on available data and timestamps. 3. If resolution is successful within the constraints, the transactions proceed. Otherwise, they remain in B or are rejected. • Output: resolve(Ti,j , Tk,l) → bool 2.2.4 Verify • Description: Ensures the validity and authenticity of the transaction using cryptographic keys. • Steps: 1. For each transaction Ti,j , Pd uses the associated cryptographic key Ki,j to verify its authenticity and integrity. 2. If the verification succeeds, the transaction proceeds. Otherwise, it’s deemed invalid. • Output: verify(Ti,j , Ki,j ) → bool 2.3 Transaction Processing For two transactions Ti,j from Ri and Tk,l from Rk: 2.3.1 Timestamp-Based Handling If both transactions are timestamped in Pd and their timestamps are within an acceptable time difference (delta): Then, the transactions are deemed compatible and can be processed without buffering. 2.3.2 Buffering • If the timestamp difference exceeds the acceptable delta, or if there’s a dependency which isn’t yet satisfied, transactions are sent to B. • While in B: – Periodic checks are done to see if dependencies can now be resolved. – If (τcurrent − τ (Ti,j )) > τmax, Ti,j is rejected. – If the buffer size exceeds Bmax, a rejection policy PR is triggered to create space. – If attempts to resolve dependencies for Ti,j exceed Dmax, Ti,j is rejected. 2.3.3 Rejection and Notification Once a transaction is rejected, a notification mechanism informs the originating rollup Ri or the respective party about the rejection. This allows for potential re-submission or other actions from the user’s end. 2.4 Rollup Punitive Measures 2.4.1 Staking Mechanism Every rollup must stake a certain number of tokens to participate in the transaction composability system. This stake acts as collateral that can be forfeited or slashed if the rollup misbehaves. 2.4.2 Monitoring and Reporting Third-party nodes or participants (often called "watchers" or "validators") can monitor transactions and execution behaviors across rollups. If they detect a rollup executing a transaction without proper validation or not adhering to the model’s rules, they can submit a proof of this misbehavior. 2.4.3 Misbehavior Proof A system can be put in place to accept proofs of misbehavior. Once verified, punitive measures can be enacted on the misbehaving rollup, including forfeiting their staked tokens. 2.5 Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Instead of having a centralized common pool, we can utilize a decentralized common pool, Pd. This pool would be maintained and updated by a network of nodes, ensuring redundancy and security. Utilizing a consensus mechanism, these nodes can agree on the state of the pool. 2.5.1 Core features • Consensus Mechanism: Nodes in the Pd network use a consensus mechanism (like PoS, PoA, or a Byzantine Fault Tolerance mechanism) to validate and agree on the state of the pool. This prevents any single entity from maliciously modifying the data. • Data Redundancy: The decentralized nature ensures that multiple copies of the transaction pool are stored across nodes. This redundancy makes it resistant to single points of failure and data tampering. • Cryptographic Verification: Apart from using cryptographic keys for transaction verification, node participation, data propagation, and pool updates in the Pd network are also secured using cryptographic techniques, ensuring data integrity and authenticity. 2.5.2 Concurrency Handling with Transaction Delay/Rejection • Timestamping: Each transaction that’s published to Pd is timestamped. This timestamp is based on when the transaction is received by the majority of nodes in the Pd network. • Transaction Buffer: Transactions that have dependencies across rollups are not immediately processed. Instead, they’re placed in a buffer zone. • Dependency Resolution with Buffer: During the resolution phase, the system checks the buffer to resolve dependencies. If Transaction Ti,j depends on Transaction Tk,l, the system will: – Check if both transactions are in the buffer and if their timestamps are within an acceptable time difference (delta). – If they are, the system processes both transactions. – If not, and if the dependency can’t be resolved within a certain timeframe, the system might either: 1. Reject one or both of the transactions. 2. Delay the transaction processing until the dependency is resolved or a timeout occurs. 2.5.3 Challenges With the incorporation of a decentralized common pool, timestamping, a transaction buffer for dependency resolution, and enhanced security measures, the solution addresses many of the concurrency and security concerns. However, it’s essential to consider trade-offs: • The system might have increased complexity due to decentralization and consensus mechanisms. • Transaction delays, while managing concurrency, might not be suitable for applications that require real-time processing. • Ensuring all nodes in the Pd network are updated in near real-time might present scalability challenges. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Dipankar Sarkar, Cryptuon Research and me@dipankar.name This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: Authors: (1) Dipankar Sarkar, Cryptuon Research and me@dipankar.name Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Atomic composability & ZK-proofs Incorporating Zk-proofs Application of the Formal Model Conclusion and References Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Atomic composability & ZK-proofs Atomic composability & ZK-proofs Incorporating Zk-proofs Incorporating Zk-proofs Application of the Formal Model Application of the Formal Model Conclusion and References Conclusion and References 2 Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Addressing the multifaceted nature of blockchain ecosystems, especially those spanning several rollups, demands a structured, rigorous approach to uphold transactional integrity and reliability. To this end, our formal model seeks to methodically dissect and elucidate atomic composability across Ethereum’s multiple rollups. Our model is an amalgamation of classic distributed system theories and innovative cryptographic practices. We recognize that merely adapting traditional system theories to the blockchain milieu is not sufficient, necessitating a model tailored for the peculiarities of decentralized ledgers, especially within Ethereum’s ecosystem ([9]. Subsequent sections will delve into the intricacies of our formal model, commencing with fundamental definitions. We will then probe into operational dynamics, examining transactional workflows, dependency resolutions, and concurrency nuances. Cryptographic methodologies, particularly zeroknowledge proofs, will be highlighted, underscoring their pivotal role in efficient, confidential transaction validations. With this formal model, our aspiration is to furnish readers with an encompassing, lucid, and rigorous comprehension of how to establish, sustain, and, if necessary, re-establish atomic composability in environments with multiple rollups. 2.1 Definitions 2.1 Definitions • R: Set of rollups on Ethereum. • T: Set of transactions, where Ti,j is the j-th transaction on rollup Ri. • Pd: Decentralized common pool. • K: Set of cryptographic keys associated with transactions. • τ : Timestamp attached to each transaction when it’s accepted by the majority of Pd nodes. • B: Buffer zone where transactions with pending dependencies are stored. • τmax: Maximum time a transaction can reside in buffer B. • Bmax: Maximum number of transactions that can reside in buffer B. • Dmax: Maximum number of attempts to resolve a transaction’s dependencies. 2.2 Operations 2.2 Operations 2.2.1 Publish 2.2.1 Publish • Description: This operation ensures that every transaction Ti,j from rollup Ri is published to the Decentralized Common Pool Pd. • Steps: • Steps: 1. Ri generates a transaction Ti,j . 2. Ri sends Ti,j to Pd. 3. On receiving Ti,j , the majority of nodes in Pd timestamp it with τ and store it. • Output: publish(Ti,j ) → Pd(τ ) 2.2.2 Buffer 2.2.2 Buffer • Description: Transactions with unmet dependencies are sent to the buffer B until their Description: dependencies are resolved or they hit one of the defined limits. • Steps: • Steps: 1. If Ti,j has unresolved dependencies, it’s directed to B. 2. Ti,j resides in B until either its dependencies are resolved or it breaches one of the constraints (τmax, Bmax, or Dmax). • Output: buffer(Ti,j ) → B 2.2.3 Resolve 2.2.3 Resolve • Description: The operation checks for and resolves dependencies between two transactions, possibly from different rollups. • Description: • Steps: • Steps: 1. Given two transactions Ti,j and Tk,l, Pd checks for their mutual dependencies. 2. If dependencies exist, Pd attempts resolution based on available data and timestamps. 3. If resolution is successful within the constraints, the transactions proceed. Otherwise, they remain in B or are rejected. • Output: resolve(Ti,j , Tk,l) → bool • Output: 2.2.4 Verify 2.2.4 Verify • Description: Ensures the validity and authenticity of the transaction using cryptographic • Description: keys. • Steps: • Steps: 1. For each transaction Ti,j , Pd uses the associated cryptographic key Ki,j to verify its authenticity and integrity. 2. If the verification succeeds, the transaction proceeds. Otherwise, it’s deemed invalid. • Output: verify(Ti,j , Ki,j ) → bool • Output: 2.3 Transaction Processing 2.3 Transaction Processing For two transactions Ti,j from Ri and Tk,l from Rk: 2.3.1 Timestamp-Based Handling 2.3.1 Timestamp-Based Handling If both transactions are timestamped in Pd and their timestamps are within an acceptable time difference (delta): Then, the transactions are deemed compatible and can be processed without buffering. 2.3.2 Buffering 2.3.2 Buffering • If the timestamp difference exceeds the acceptable delta, or if there’s a dependency which isn’t yet satisfied, transactions are sent to B. • While in B: – Periodic checks are done to see if dependencies can now be resolved. – If (τcurrent − τ (Ti,j )) > τmax, Ti,j is rejected. – If the buffer size exceeds Bmax, a rejection policy PR is triggered to create space. – If attempts to resolve dependencies for Ti,j exceed Dmax, Ti,j is rejected. 2.3.3 Rejection and Notification 2.3.3 Rejection and Notification Once a transaction is rejected, a notification mechanism informs the originating rollup Ri or the respective party about the rejection. This allows for potential re-submission or other actions from the user’s end. 2.4 Rollup Punitive Measures 2.4 Rollup Punitive Measures 2.4.1 Staking Mechanism 2.4.1 Staking Mechanism Every rollup must stake a certain number of tokens to participate in the transaction composability system. This stake acts as collateral that can be forfeited or slashed if the rollup misbehaves. 2.4.2 Monitoring and Reporting 2.4.2 Monitoring and Reporting Third-party nodes or participants (often called "watchers" or "validators") can monitor transactions and execution behaviors across rollups. If they detect a rollup executing a transaction without proper validation or not adhering to the model’s rules, they can submit a proof of this misbehavior. 2.4.3 Misbehavior Proof 2.4.3 Misbehavior Proof A system can be put in place to accept proofs of misbehavior. Once verified, punitive measures can be enacted on the misbehaving rollup, including forfeiting their staked tokens. 2.5 Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) 2.5 Decentralized Common Pool (DCP) Instead of having a centralized common pool, we can utilize a decentralized common pool, Pd. This pool would be maintained and updated by a network of nodes, ensuring redundancy and security. Utilizing a consensus mechanism, these nodes can agree on the state of the pool. 2.5.1 Core features 2.5.1 Core features • Consensus Mechanism: Nodes in the Pd network use a consensus mechanism (like PoS, PoA, or a Byzantine Fault Tolerance mechanism) to validate and agree on the state of the pool. This prevents any single entity from maliciously modifying the data. • Data Redundancy: The decentralized nature ensures that multiple copies of the transaction pool are stored across nodes. This redundancy makes it resistant to single points of failure and data tampering. • Cryptographic Verification: Apart from using cryptographic keys for transaction verification, node participation, data propagation, and pool updates in the Pd network are also secured using cryptographic techniques, ensuring data integrity and authenticity. 2.5.2 Concurrency Handling with Transaction Delay/Rejection 2.5.2 Concurrency Handling with Transaction Delay/Rejection • Timestamping: Each transaction that’s published to Pd is timestamped. This timestamp is based on when the transaction is received by the majority of nodes in the Pd network. • Transaction Buffer: Transactions that have dependencies across rollups are not immediately processed. Instead, they’re placed in a buffer zone. • Dependency Resolution with Buffer: During the resolution phase, the system checks the buffer to resolve dependencies. If Transaction Ti,j depends on Transaction Tk,l, the system will: – Check if both transactions are in the buffer and if their timestamps are within an acceptable time difference (delta). – If they are, the system processes both transactions. – If not, and if the dependency can’t be resolved within a certain timeframe, the system might either: 1. Reject one or both of the transactions. 2. Delay the transaction processing until the dependency is resolved or a timeout occurs. 2.5.3 Challenges 2.5.3 Challenges With the incorporation of a decentralized common pool, timestamping, a transaction buffer for dependency resolution, and enhanced security measures, the solution addresses many of the concurrency and security concerns. However, it’s essential to consider trade-offs: • The system might have increased complexity due to decentralization and consensus mechanisms. • Transaction delays, while managing concurrency, might not be suitable for applications that require real-time processing. • Ensuring all nodes in the Pd network are updated in near real-time might present scalability challenges.

Towards Universal Atomic Composability: Formal Model - Rollups with Decentralized Common Pool (DCP)

You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here. This part is 15 of 38. Line of Effort 4: Pursue Shared Interests in the Development, Use, Resilience, and Security of Satellite Communication Networks Satellite communications remain a vital capability for connecting the world and delivering global access to information. Geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites have served this mission for decades and will continue to do so for decades to come. Newly deployed satellite technologies, including low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites, are increasingly important to the United States, its allies, and partners as we work to connect the unconnected. The distributed nature of proliferated satellite constellations offers resilience, and LEO satellite communication services can increasingly be deployed rapidly to cover disaster or conflict zones. Moreover, the ability of LEO satellite services to bring broadband communications to almost every inch of the planet raises the possibility of expanding Internet access in a rights-respecting manner, closing the digital divide, and advancing UN Sustainable Development Goals. U.S. firms lead in the development and deployment of GEO and LEO satellite communication services, but other countries, including our strategic competitors, are investing in new technology capacities. The PRC is planning a constellation of about 13,000 satellites, with a clear government mandate and significant financial subsidies. Some states, concerned that LEO satellite capabilities will undermine their ability to control information flows, are raising market access barriers, such as setting stringent domestic equipment requirements or forbidding foreign ownership. Some governments and non-government stakeholders have also raised concerns in multilateral bodies about increased space debris, interference with astronomy, increased cases of radio frequency interference among LEO satellites or from LEO to GEO satellites, and other potential negative impacts of LEO satellite networks. Some countries, although they are interested in the connectivity benefits LEO satellite systems could bring, are unfamiliar with the systems and lack effective regimes to support market entry and licensing. In addition, space systems and assets introduce vulnerabilities to U.S. and allies’ critical infrastructure that our adversaries are willing to exploit. The Department of State will cooperate with partners and allies to pursue shared interests in the development, use, resilience, and security of LEO satellite systems. The Department of State will work to expand global access to secure services through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), remove barriers to LEO satellite system providers, and increase multilateral assistance for satellite services for underserved areas. The Department of State, along with other agencies, will also facilitate international cooperation on research and development in LEO satellites. The United States will also promote norms, guidelines, and best practices, including the development of licensing and regulatory regimes, for the secure, safe, and sustainable use of LEO satellites, as well as work with allies and partners on enhancing space cybersecurity and critical infrastructure resilience and security. Continue Reading Here. This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here. This part is 15 of 38. You can jump to any part of the United States International Cyberspace & Digital Policy Strategy here . This part is 15 of 38. here Line of Effort 4: Pursue Shared Interests in the Development, Use, Resilience, and Security of Satellite Communication Networks Satellite communications remain a vital capability for connecting the world and delivering global access to information. Geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites have served this mission for decades and will continue to do so for decades to come. Newly deployed satellite technologies, including low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites, are increasingly important to the United States, its allies, and partners as we work to connect the unconnected. The distributed nature of proliferated satellite constellations offers resilience, and LEO satellite communication services can increasingly be deployed rapidly to cover disaster or conflict zones. Moreover, the ability of LEO satellite services to bring broadband communications to almost every inch of the planet raises the possibility of expanding Internet access in a rights-respecting manner, closing the digital divide, and advancing UN Sustainable Development Goals. U.S. firms lead in the development and deployment of GEO and LEO satellite communication services, but other countries, including our strategic competitors, are investing in new technology capacities. The PRC is planning a constellation of about 13,000 satellites, with a clear government mandate and significant financial subsidies. Some states, concerned that LEO satellite capabilities will undermine their ability to control information flows, are raising market access barriers, such as setting stringent domestic equipment requirements or forbidding foreign ownership. Some governments and non-government stakeholders have also raised concerns in multilateral bodies about increased space debris, interference with astronomy, increased cases of radio frequency interference among LEO satellites or from LEO to GEO satellites, and other potential negative impacts of LEO satellite networks. Some countries, although they are interested in the connectivity benefits LEO satellite systems could bring, are unfamiliar with the systems and lack effective regimes to support market entry and licensing. In addition, space systems and assets introduce vulnerabilities to U.S. and allies’ critical infrastructure that our adversaries are willing to exploit. The Department of State will cooperate with partners and allies to pursue shared interests in the development, use, resilience, and security of LEO satellite systems. The Department of State will work to expand global access to secure services through the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), remove barriers to LEO satellite system providers, and increase multilateral assistance for satellite services for underserved areas. The Department of State, along with other agencies, will also facilitate international cooperation on research and development in LEO satellites. The United States will also promote norms, guidelines, and best practices, including the development of licensing and regulatory regimes, for the secure, safe, and sustainable use of LEO satellites, as well as work with allies and partners on enhancing space cybersecurity and critical infrastructure resilience and security. Continue Reading Here. Continue Reading Here . Here This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State This post was originally published on May 6, 2024, by the U.S Department of State by the U.S Department of State

Optimizing Satellite Communication: Ensuring Security and Accessibility for Global Connectivity

The Linux command line is a powerful tool with a wide range of functions. Users mostly use it to interact with their computers, and it gives them access to a variety of tools that can expedite and streamline their work. To fully utilize this capacity, you must be familiar with a few fundamental commands and shortcuts. Furthermore, grasping the fundamental commands of Linux is essential to making the most of all of its features. I recently posed the question, “What is your favourite Linux command?” on X (previously Twitter), and I received a lot of responses. https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true After viewing most of the comments, I’ve selected a couple that might be significant and also important to know. rm Command: rm removes all the files from the current directory with a prompt. rm -RF removes all the files and directories recursively without a prompt. Example: rm test.txt touch Command: An empty file is created in the current directory by the touch command. Example: touch test.txt rmdir Command: The rmdir command deletes an empty directory from the current working directory. Example: rmdir example_directory cd Command: It’s used to navigate between directories or folders within a file system. To go directly to the root directory, we use the cd command alone. Example: cd /home/user ls Command: This command is used to list files and directories in a directory. When used with the -lrh options, it provides a detailed list with specific formatting. -l: Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time.
-r: Lists files and directories in reverse order.
-h: Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). Example: ls -lrh cat Command: The cat command displays the contents of a text file. Example: cat example.txt pwd Command: The pwd command displays the path of the current working directory. Example: pwd man Command: To access the manual pages for a specific command, use the man command. It offers comprehensive details on the syntax, options, and operation of a command. Example: man ls sudo Command: In Unix-like operating systems, the sudo command represents “superuser do.” As determined by the security policy set up on the system, it permits a permitted user to run a command as the superuser (root) or as any other user. Example: sudo nano /etc/hosts Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Connect ⬇️ Twitter / Instagram / Github / Youtube / Newsletter / Discord The Linux command line is a powerful tool with a wide range of functions. Users mostly use it to interact with their computers, and it gives them access to a variety of tools that can expedite and streamline their work. To fully utilize this capacity, you must be familiar with a few fundamental commands and shortcuts. Furthermore, grasping the fundamental commands of Linux is essential to making the most of all of its features. I recently posed the question, “What is your favourite Linux command?” on X (previously Twitter), and I received a lot of responses. https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true https://twitter.com/Dhanush_Nehru/status/1789549671385575858?embedable=true After viewing most of the comments, I’ve selected a couple that might be significant and also important to know. rm Command: rm removes all the files from the current directory with a prompt. rm -RF removes all the files and directories recursively without a prompt. Example: rm test.txt touch Command: An empty file is created in the current directory by the touch command. Example: touch test.txt rmdir Command: The rmdir command deletes an empty directory from the current working directory. Example: rmdir example_directory cd Command: It’s used to navigate between directories or folders within a file system. To go directly to the root directory, we use the cd command alone. Example: cd /home/user ls Command: This command is used to list files and directories in a directory. When used with the -lrh options, it provides a detailed list with specific formatting. -lrh -l: Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time. -r: Lists files and directories in reverse order. -h: Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). -l : Produces a long listing format, showing additional information such as permissions, owner, group, size, and modification time. -l -r : Lists files and directories in reverse order. -r -h : Prints sizes in a human-readable format (e.g., kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes). -h Example: ls -lrh cat Command: The cat command displays the contents of a text file. Example: cat example.txt pwd Command: The pwd command displays the path of the current working directory. Example: pwd man Command: To access the manual pages for a specific command, use the man command. It offers comprehensive details on the syntax, options, and operation of a command. Example: man ls sudo Command: In Unix-like operating systems, the sudo command represents “superuser do.” As determined by the security policy set up on the system, it permits a permitted user to run a command as the superuser (root) or as any other user. Example: sudo nano /etc/hosts Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. Apart from these commands, there are a few more commands that you might not be aware of, so check out this video for further insights. https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true https://youtu.be/sIG3ForhRRI?si=SNhgY8gchpryKatD&embedable=true Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Thanks for reading, please give a like as a sort of encouragement, and also share this post on socials which might benefit someone. Connect ⬇️ Connect Twitter / Instagram / Github / Youtube / Newsletter / Discord Twitter Twitter / Instagram Instagram / Github Github / Youtube Youtube / Newsletter Newsletter / Discord Discord

The Most Important Linux Commands You Need To Know!!!

Metamorphosis Commenced: Network States v0.01

মেটামরফোসিস শুরু হয়েছে: নেটওয়ার্ক স্টেটস v0.01

Beginn der Metamorphose: Netzwerkzustände v0.01

Metamorfosis comenzada: Estados de la red v0.01

La métamorphose a commencé : États du réseau v0.01

मेटामोर्फोसिस शुरू हुआ: नेटवर्क स्टेट्स v0.01

変態開始: ネットワーク状態 v0.01

변형 시작됨: 네트워크 상태 v0.01

Metamorfose iniciada: Estados de rede v0.01

Метаморфоза началась: Состояния сети v0.01

Metamorfoz Başladı: Ağ Durumları v0.01

Bắt đầu biến thái: Trạng thái mạng v0.01

蜕变开始：网络状态 v0.01

Effective Communication at Work: Key Practices to Enhance Collaboration and Success

9 Common Technical SEO Issues and How to Fix Them - Beginners' Guide

NEW YORK, New York, May 7th, 2024/Chainwire/-- Spectral is excited to announce its participation in Hugging Face's Expert Support Program. Spectral is collaborating with deep learning experts from Hugging Face to advance open-source models, datasets, and applications for the Onchain Agent Economy. How To Use Hugging Face Hugging Face plays a critical role across Spectral's organization. Through the Expert Support Program, Spectral regularly meets with the Hugging Face team to plan new use cases, strategize dataset construction, and develop training strategies. Earlier this year, Spectral launched Syntax, which is composed of a fine-tuned LLM orchestrator that routes queries between several tools, including search, Foundry, and an open-source model to generate Solidity code. Building Syntax required custom datasets for both finetuning and RAG, an original Solidity evaluation dataset written by elite smart contract developers, and experimentation across a wide range of open and closed-source models. Spectral's approach to dataset preparation, training, routing, and evaluation has drastically improved during this process, largely due to help from Hugging Face experts. Regular discussions on Spectral's approach mean that the company always receives impartial feedback on its decisions and can reevaluate its strategy as needed. This was important for both the finetuning and evaluation steps, which have now gone through several rounds of improvement thanks to the Hugging Face team. Spectral also relies on Hugging Face for inferences in production through dedicated Inference Endpoints. The fully managed infrastructure allows Spectral to iterate on new models quickly, easily update container and hardware configurations, autoscale with demand, and keep production costs low. Over the coming months, Spectral is excited to continue to open-source its work with onchain datasets and models that interact onchain through Hugging Face. Users can view Spectral's training dataset for the credit scoring challenge and follow its progress here. The Onchain Agent Economy Syntax is pioneering the accessible onchain Agent Economy, inviting users to select agents tailored for their specific tasks. Users can either interact with the foundational agent to generate solidity code or opt for one of the specialized agents, each adept in distinct tasks. For example, we recently launched Syntax MoonMaker, an agent that launches a memecoin project end to end and are soon launching Syntax- TestMachine, an agent that detects vulnerabilities in your smart contracts. Many such agents are currently in production, and upcoming releases of our product will allow users to create their own agents and monetize them on the Syntax network. This system relies on a vast suite of functions available to language models, open-source models for tasks like classification and image generation, fast and reliable blockchain infrastructure, and a trustless system to execute and verify each step. To solve these problems, we've begun developing the Inferchain, optimized to serve the rapidly growing demand for agents and verifiable inferences. Hugging Face Users Joining The Onchain AI Community The importance of open collaboration cannot be overstated. Like many other projects, Spectral would not exist without the work of open-source contributors. Spectral is greatly indebted to everyone who makes this work possible and believes this positive impact should be recognized. As part of this engagement, Spectral is focusing specifically on users powering the AI community. The top individual and small organization contributors on Hugging Face, measured by likes and downloads of their models and datasets, are eligible to register to claim a share of SPEC tokens starting the week of May 6th. Users can check eligibility by signing in with their Hugging Face account here. A snapshot of activity was taken last month, and eligible users will not need an existing wallet to claim. This airdrop is designed to recognize users for their critical work and enable new functionality for the next generation of AI tools. Criteria Spectral reviewed all individual contributors from organizations with less than 10 members that published models or datasets. From these, Spectral took a combined measure of activity from likes and downloads for both models and datasets. Then, Spectral identified the users with the most combined activity from both model and dataset publishers (11298 in both categories) which resulted in a final list of 20,004 unique huggingface users. Spectral is looking forward to engaging further with the open-source community and building the future of AI x web3! https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ About Spectral Spectral, a pioneer of the agent economy behind Syntax, is at the forefront of integrating AI with blockchain to democratize development in Web3. Spectral's mission is to simplify the creation and deployment of decentralized applications through autonomous Onchain Agents. Syntax, Spectral’s flagship product, translates natural language into Solidity code, enabling both novices and experts to build on the blockchain effortlessly. With a commitment to transparency and user empowerment, Spectral is shaping a future where anyone can participate in the blockchain revolution. Join Spectral in making this vision a reality and explore the potential of autonomous agents. For more information, visit https://spectrallabs.xyz. For more information, users can follow Spectral on Twitter and Discord. Contact Spectral Labs Team contact@spectral.finance This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. NEW YORK, New York, May 7th, 2024/Chainwire/-- Spectral is excited to announce its participation in Hugging Face's Expert Support Program. Spectral is collaborating with deep learning experts from Hugging Face to advance open-source models, datasets, and applications for the Onchain Agent Economy. How To Use Hugging Face Hugging Face plays a critical role across Spectral's organization. Through the Expert Support Program, Spectral regularly meets with the Hugging Face team to plan new use cases, strategize dataset construction, and develop training strategies. Earlier this year, Spectral launched Syntax, which is composed of a fine-tuned LLM orchestrator that routes queries between several tools, including search, Foundry , and an open-source model to generate Solidity code. Foundry Foundry an open-source model an open-source model Building Syntax required custom datasets for both finetuning and RAG, an original Solidity evaluation dataset written by elite smart contract developers, and experimentation across a wide range of open and closed-source models. Spectral's approach to dataset preparation, training, routing, and evaluation has drastically improved during this process, largely due to help from Hugging Face experts. Regular discussions on Spectral's approach mean that the company always receives impartial feedback on its decisions and can reevaluate its strategy as needed. This was important for both the finetuning and evaluation steps, which have now gone through several rounds of improvement thanks to the Hugging Face team. Spectral also relies on Hugging Face for inferences in production through dedicated Inference Endpoints. The fully managed infrastructure allows Spectral to iterate on new models quickly, easily update container and hardware configurations, autoscale with demand, and keep production costs low. Over the coming months, Spectral is excited to continue to open-source its work with onchain datasets and models that interact onchain through Hugging Face. Users can view Spectral's training dataset for the credit scoring challenge and follow its progress here . here here The Onchain Agent Economy Syntax is pioneering the accessible onchain Agent Economy, inviting users to select agents tailored for their specific tasks. Users can either interact with the foundational agent to generate solidity code or opt for one of the specialized agents, each adept in distinct tasks. For example, we recently launched Syntax MoonMaker, an agent that launches a memecoin project end to end and are soon launching Syntax- TestMachine, an agent that detects vulnerabilities in your smart contracts. Many such agents are currently in production, and upcoming releases of our product will allow users to create their own agents and monetize them on the Syntax network. This system relies on a vast suite of functions available to language models, open-source models for tasks like classification and image generation, fast and reliable blockchain infrastructure, and a trustless system to execute and verify each step. To solve these problems, we've begun developing the Inferchain, optimized to serve the rapidly growing demand for agents and verifiable inferences. Hugging Face Users Joining The Onchain AI Community The importance of open collaboration cannot be overstated. Like many other projects, Spectral would not exist without the work of open-source contributors. Spectral is greatly indebted to everyone who makes this work possible and believes this positive impact should be recognized. As part of this engagement, Spectral is focusing specifically on users powering the AI community. The top individual and small organization contributors on Hugging Face, measured by likes and downloads of their models and datasets, are eligible to register to claim a share of SPEC tokens starting the week of May 6th. Users can check eligibility by signing in with their Hugging Face account here . here here A snapshot of activity was taken last month, and eligible users will not need an existing wallet to claim. This airdrop is designed to recognize users for their critical work and enable new functionality for the next generation of AI tools. Criteria Spectral reviewed all individual contributors from organizations with less than 10 members that published models or datasets. From these, Spectral took a combined measure of activity from likes and downloads for both models and datasets. Then, Spectral identified the users with the most combined activity from both model and dataset publishers (11298 in both categories) which resulted in a final list of 20,004 unique huggingface users. Spectral is looking forward to engaging further with the open-source community and building the future of AI x web3! https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ https://claims.spectrallabs.xyz/ About Spectral Spectral , a pioneer of the agent economy behind Syntax, is at the forefront of integrating AI with blockchain to democratize development in Web3. Spectral's mission is to simplify the creation and deployment of decentralized applications through autonomous Onchain Agents. Spectral Spectral Syntax, Spectral’s flagship product, translates natural language into Solidity code, enabling both novices and experts to build on the blockchain effortlessly. With a commitment to transparency and user empowerment, Spectral is shaping a future where anyone can participate in the blockchain revolution. Join Spectral in making this vision a reality and explore the potential of autonomous agents. For more information, visit https://spectrallabs.xyz . For more information, users can follow Spectral on Twitter and Discord . https://spectrallabs.xyz Twitter Twitter Discord Discord Contact Spectral Labs Team contact@spectral.finance This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

Spectral Labs Joins Hugging Face’s ESP Program: Advancing The Onchain x Open-Source AI Community

স্পেকট্রাল ল্যাবগুলি আলিঙ্গন মুখের ইএসপি প্রোগ্রামে যোগ দেয়: অনচেইন এক্স ওপেন-সোর্স এআই সম্প্রদায়কে এগিয়ে নিয়ে যাওয়া

Spectral Labs nimmt am ESP-Programm von Hugging Face teil: Förderung der Onchain x Open-Source-KI-Community

Spectral Labs se une al programa ESP de Hugging Face: avanzando en la comunidad de IA de código abierto Onchain x

Spectral Labs rejoint le programme ESP de Hugging Face : faire progresser la communauté d'IA Onchain x Open-Source

स्पेक्ट्रल लैब्स हगिंग फेस के ईएसपी कार्यक्रम में शामिल हुई: ऑनचेन एक्स ओपन-सोर्स एआई समुदाय को आगे बढ़ाना

Spectral Labs が Hugging Face の ESP プログラムに参加: オンチェーン x オープンソース AI コミュニティの発展

Spectral Labs, Hugging Face의 ESP 프로그램에 합류: Onchain x 오픈 소스 AI 커뮤니티 발전

Spectral Labs junta-se ao programa ESP da Hugging Face: Avançando a comunidade Onchain x Open-Source AI

Spectral Labs присоединяется к программе ESP Hugging Face: развитие сообщества искусственного интеллекта с открытым исходным кодом Onchain x

Spectral Labs, Hugging Face'in ESP Programına Katılıyor: Onchain x Açık Kaynak Yapay Zeka Topluluğunu Geliştirme

Spectral Labs tham gia chương trình ESP của Hugging Face: Thúc đẩy cộng đồng AI mã nguồn mở Onchain x

Spectral Labs 加入 Hugging Face 的 ESP 计划：推进 Onchain x 开源 AI 社区

Authors:
(1) Anna-Katharina Wickert, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (wickert@cs.tu-darmstadt.de);
(2) Lars Baumgärtner, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (baumgaertner@cs.tu-darmstadt.de);
(3) Florian Breitfelder, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (florian.breitfelder@tu-darmstadt.de);
(4) Mira Mezini, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (mezini@cs.tu-darmstadt.de). Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Design and Implementation of Licma and 3.1 Design 3.2 Implementation 4 Methodology and 4.1 Searching and Downloading Python Apps 4.2 Comparison with Previous Studies 5 Evaluation and 5.1 GitHub Python Projects 5.2 MicroPython 6 Comparison with previous studies 7 Threats to Validity 8 Related Work 9 Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies have shown that up to 99.59 % of the Java apps using crypto APIs misuse the API at least once. However, these studies have been conducted on Java and C, while empirical studies for other languages are missing. For example, a controlled user study with crypto tasks in Python has shown that 68.5 % of the professional developers write a secure solution for a crypto task. Aims: To understand if this observation holds for real-world code, we conducted a study of crypto misuses in Python. Method: We developed a static analysis tool that covers common misuses of 5 different Python crypto APIs. With this analysis, we analyzed 895 popular Python projects from GitHub and 51 MicroPython projects for embedded devices. Further, we compared our results with the findings of previous studies. Results: Our analysis reveals that 52.26 % of the Python projects have at least one misuse. Further, some Python crypto libraries’ API design helps developers from misusing crypto functions, which were much more common in studies conducted with Java and C code. Conclusion: We conclude that we can see a positive impact of the good API design on crypto misuses for Python applications. Further, our analysis of MicroPython projects reveals the importance of hybrid analyses. 1 INTRODUCTION Cryptography, hereafter crypto, is widely used nowadays to protect our data and ensure confidentiality. For example, without crypto, we would not be able to securely use online banking or do online shopping. Unfortunately, previous research results show that crypto is often used in an insecure way [3, 4, 7, 9, 11]. One such problem is the choice of an insecure parameter, like an insecure block mode, for crypto primitives like encryption. Many static analysis tools exist to identify these misuses such as CryptoREX [13], CryptoLint [4], CogniCryptSAST [8], and Cryptoguard [12]. While these tools and the respective in-the-wild studies concentrate on Java and C, user studies suggest that the existing Python APIs reduce the number of crypto misuses. Acar et al. [2] conducted an experiment with 307 GitHub users which had to solve 3 crypto-related development tasks. They observed that 68.5 % of the professional developers wrote a secure solution in Python for the given task. Within a controlled experiment with 256 Python developers that tried to solve simple crypto tasks, Acar et al. [1] identified that a simple API design, like the Python library cryptography, supports developers in writing secure code. However, no empirical in-the-wild study has yet confirmed that crypto misuses in Python occur less frequently than in Java or C. To empirically evaluate crypto misuses in Python, we introduce LICMA, a multi-language analysis framework with support for 5 different Python crypto APIs and Java’s JCA API. We provide 5 different rules [4] for all Python APIs and 6 different rules [4] for JCA to detect the most common crypto misuses. With LICMA, we analyzed 895 popular Python apps from GitHub and 51 MicroPython projects to gain insights into misuses in Python. We identified that 52.26 % of the Python GitHub apps with crypto usages have at least one misuse causing 1,501 misuses. In total, only 7 % of the misuses are within the application code itself, while the remaining misuses are introduced by dependencies. Further, our study of MicroPython projects reveals that developers in the embedded domain tend to use crypto via C code. Thus, revealing the importance of hybrid static analyses, which can track program information, e.g., a call graph, across multiple languages [5, 10]. To further improve our understanding whether Python APIs are less prone to crypto misuses, we make the following contributions: • A novel, multi-language analysis tool to detect crypto misuses in Python and Java. For Python we cover crypto misuses for 5 common Python crypto APIs and for Java the standard API JCA. • An empirical study of crypto misuses in the 895 most popular Python applications on GitHub revealing 1,501 misuses. • A comparison of our findings in Python applications with previous studies about crypto misuses in-the-wild for Android Apps and firmware images in C. We observed that most Python applications are more secure and the distribution between the concrete types of misuses differ a lot. • An empirical study of crypto misuses in MicroPython projects which reveals the importance of hybrid static analyses. • A replication package including both data sets used for our study, the results of our analysis, and the code of LICMA[1]. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. [1] dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16499085 Authors: (1) Anna-Katharina Wickert, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (wickert@cs.tu-darmstadt.de); (2) Lars Baumgärtner, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (baumgaertner@cs.tu-darmstadt.de); (3) Florian Breitfelder, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (florian.breitfelder@tu-darmstadt.de); (4) Mira Mezini, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (mezini@cs.tu-darmstadt.de). Authors: Authors: (1) Anna-Katharina Wickert, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (wickert@cs.tu-darmstadt.de); (2) Lars Baumgärtner, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (baumgaertner@cs.tu-darmstadt.de); (3) Florian Breitfelder, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (florian.breitfelder@tu-darmstadt.de); (4) Mira Mezini, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany (mezini@cs.tu-darmstadt.de). Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Background 2 Background 3 Design and Implementation of Licma and 3.1 Design 3 Design and Implementation of Licma and 3.1 Design 3.2 Implementation 3.2 Implementation 4 Methodology and 4.1 Searching and Downloading Python Apps 4 Methodology and 4.1 Searching and Downloading Python Apps 4.2 Comparison with Previous Studies 4.2 Comparison with Previous Studies 5 Evaluation and 5.1 GitHub Python Projects 5 Evaluation and 5.1 GitHub Python Projects 5.2 MicroPython 5.2 MicroPython 6 Comparison with previous studies 6 Comparison with previous studies 7 Threats to Validity 7 Threats to Validity 8 Related Work 8 Related Work 9 Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References 9 Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References ABSTRACT Background : Previous studies have shown that up to 99.59 % of the Java apps using crypto APIs misuse the API at least once. However, these studies have been conducted on Java and C, while empirical studies for other languages are missing. For example, a controlled user study with crypto tasks in Python has shown that 68.5 % of the professional developers write a secure solution for a crypto task. Background Aims : To understand if this observation holds for real-world code, we conducted a study of crypto misuses in Python. Aims Method : We developed a static analysis tool that covers common misuses of 5 different Python crypto APIs. With this analysis, we analyzed 895 popular Python projects from GitHub and 51 MicroPython projects for embedded devices. Further, we compared our results with the findings of previous studies. Method Results : Our analysis reveals that 52.26 % of the Python projects have at least one misuse. Further, some Python crypto libraries’ API design helps developers from misusing crypto functions, which were much more common in studies conducted with Java and C code. Conclusion : We conclude that we can see a positive impact of the good API design on crypto misuses for Python applications. Further, our analysis of MicroPython projects reveals the importance of hybrid analyses. Results Conclusion 1 INTRODUCTION Cryptography, hereafter crypto, is widely used nowadays to protect our data and ensure confidentiality. For example, without crypto, we would not be able to securely use online banking or do online shopping. Unfortunately, previous research results show that crypto is often used in an insecure way [3, 4, 7, 9, 11]. One such problem is the choice of an insecure parameter, like an insecure block mode, for crypto primitives like encryption. Many static analysis tools exist to identify these misuses such as CryptoREX [13], CryptoLint [4], CogniCryptSAST [8], and Cryptoguard [12]. CryptoREX CryptoLint CogniCryptSAST Cryptoguard While these tools and the respective in-the-wild studies concentrate on Java and C, user studies suggest that the existing Python APIs reduce the number of crypto misuses. Acar et al. [2] conducted an experiment with 307 GitHub users which had to solve 3 crypto-related development tasks. They observed that 68.5 % of the professional developers wrote a secure solution in Python for the given task. Within a controlled experiment with 256 Python developers that tried to solve simple crypto tasks, Acar et al. [1] identified that a simple API design, like the Python library cryptography , supports developers in writing secure code. However, no empirical in-the-wild study has yet confirmed that crypto misuses in Python occur less frequently than in Java or C. cryptography To empirically evaluate crypto misuses in Python, we introduce LICMA , a multi-language analysis framework with support for 5 different Python crypto APIs and Java’s JCA API. We provide 5 different rules [4] for all Python APIs and 6 different rules [4] for JCA to detect the most common crypto misuses. With LICMA, we analyzed 895 popular Python apps from GitHub and 51 MicroPython projects to gain insights into misuses in Python. We identified that 52.26 % of the Python GitHub apps with crypto usages have at least one misuse causing 1,501 misuses. In total, only 7 % of the misuses are within the application code itself, while the remaining misuses are introduced by dependencies. Further, our study of MicroPython projects reveals that developers in the embedded domain tend to use crypto via C code. Thus, revealing the importance of hybrid static analyses, which can track program information, e.g., a call graph, across multiple languages [5, 10]. LICMA To further improve our understanding whether Python APIs are less prone to crypto misuses, we make the following contributions: • A novel, multi-language analysis tool to detect crypto misuses in Python and Java. For Python we cover crypto misuses for 5 common Python crypto APIs and for Java the standard API JCA. • An empirical study of crypto misuses in the 895 most popular Python applications on GitHub revealing 1,501 misuses. • A comparison of our findings in Python applications with previous studies about crypto misuses in-the-wild for Android Apps and firmware images in C. We observed that most Python applications are more secure and the distribution between the concrete types of misuses differ a lot. • An empirical study of crypto misuses in MicroPython projects which reveals the importance of hybrid static analyses. • A replication package including both data sets used for our study, the results of our analysis, and the code of LICMA[1]. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv [1] dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16499085

Common Misuses of Python Crypto APIs in the Wild

ওয়াইল্ডে পাইথন ক্রিপ্টো এপিআই-এর সাধারণ অপব্যবহার

Häufige Fehlanwendungen von Python Crypto APIs in der Praxis

Usos indebidos comunes de las API criptográficas de Python en la naturaleza

Utilisations abusives courantes des API Python Crypto dans la nature

पायथन क्रिप्टो एपीआई का सामान्य दुरुपयोग

Python 暗号 API の一般的な誤用例

실제 Python 암호화 API의 일반적인 오용

Usos indevidos comuns de APIs de criptografia Python na natureza

Распространенные злоупотребления API-интерфейсами Python Crypto в дикой природе

Python Kripto API'lerinin Doğadaki Yaygın Yanlış Kullanımları

Những trường hợp lạm dụng API tiền điện tử Python phổ biến

常见的 Python 加密 API 误用

**ZURICH, Switzerland, May 3rd, 2024/Chainwire/--**Galaxis is preparing for this month's token launch on Bybit, with the first phase commencing through the IDO. To further enhance this launch, Galaxis has announced a substantial $1,000,000 Community Creator and Community Member Grant Program. This initiative incentivizes both community creators and members for active engagement in the Galaxis ecosystem. Galaxis, known for its partnerships with Mike Tyson, Steve Aoki, and the NBA, promotes the Web3 creator movement by offering a platform for creators to benefit from their work. The platform's distinctive feature is its customizable membership cards. These cards do more than just act as digital tokens; they encourage community support by offering perks and access to physical and digital experiences. It's worth noting that Galaxis has seen significant success, with over 32,000 ETH traded in secondary markets and over $9 million USD secured through the Galaxis Engines. About Galaxis Community Creator Grants Galaxis has pledged an impressive $1,000,000 in Creator and Community Member Grants with support from CoinMarketCap. This commitment is split between the Creator Grant Program and the Community Member Grant Program, each of which will be awarded with $500,000 over the next 12 months in return for their community engagement. The initiative encourages active community engagement and supports creators by offering monthly rewards based on membership tiers. To kickstart this initiative, creators can launch their community membership cards for free on Galaxis, and community members can attain Full or VIP Member status by topping up their cards with GALAXIS tokens. The more a community grows and the higher the tier members choose, the more the creators earn. Both creators and community members can benefit from exclusive perks of their chosen membership tier. "We are truly excited about the $1,000,000 Creator and Community Grants. Our mission has always been to support and empower creators. This initiative stands as a testament to that commitment, providing both the support and the platform creators need to thrive,"Andras, CEO of Galaxis. For more detailed information about the grant programs and how they work, please refer to the official Galaxis website. Token Launch on Bybit Galaxis, a leading platform for creators, is preparing for an exciting dual launch - both its token and platform are set to be unveiled. The first phase of the token launch is an Initial DEX Offering (IDO) on Bybit, which is set to commence on the 3rd of May. This success lays a strong foundation for the upcoming launch and the continued growth of the Galaxis ecosystem, reinforcing Galaxis's position as a key player for creators. For further details about the token launch and how to engage, users can visit the official Bybit website. About Galaxis Galaxis is a groundbreaking platform designed to empower creators and brands in the ever-evolving Web3 ecosystem. Leveraging the latest in blockchain technology, Galaxis provides a suite of tools and services to create, manage, and sell dynamic NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) with utility. These advanced NFTs go beyond traditional digital collectibles by offering real-world benefits and interactive features, allowing creators to engage with their communities in meaningful ways. From customizable smart contracts to integrated marketplaces, Galaxis is at the forefront of the NFT revolution, offering a decentralized and secure environment for creators to unleash their potential and for collectors to discover unique digital assets. Contact Andras K. info@galaxis.xyz This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. **ZURICH, Switzerland, May 3rd, 2024/Chainwire/--**Galaxis is preparing for this month's token launch on Bybit, with the first phase commencing through the IDO. To further enhance this launch, Galaxis has announced a substantial $1,000,000 Community Creator and Community Member Grant Program. This initiative incentivizes both community creators and members for active engagement in the Galaxis ecosystem. Galaxis, known for its partnerships with Mike Tyson, Steve Aoki, and the NBA, promotes the Web3 creator movement by offering a platform for creators to benefit from their work. The platform's distinctive feature is its customizable membership cards. These cards do more than just act as digital tokens; they encourage community support by offering perks and access to physical and digital experiences. It's worth noting that Galaxis has seen significant success, with over 32,000 ETH traded in secondary markets and over $9 million USD secured through the Galaxis Engines. About Galaxis Community Creator Grants Galaxis has pledged an impressive $1,000,000 in Creator and Community Member Grants with support from CoinMarketCap. This commitment is split between the Creator Grant Program and the Community Member Grant Program, each of which will be awarded with $500,000 over the next 12 months in return for their community engagement. The initiative encourages active community engagement and supports creators by offering monthly rewards based on membership tiers. To kickstart this initiative, creators can launch their community membership cards for free on Galaxis, and community members can attain Full or VIP Member status by topping up their cards with GALAXIS tokens. The more a community grows and the higher the tier members choose, the more the creators earn. Both creators and community members can benefit from exclusive perks of their chosen membership tier. "We are truly excited about the $1,000,000 Creator and Community Grants. Our mission has always been to support and empower creators. This initiative stands as a testament to that commitment, providing both the support and the platform creators need to thrive,"Andras, CEO of Galaxis. For more detailed information about the grant programs and how they work, please refer to the official Galaxis website . Galaxis website Galaxis website Token Launch on Bybit Galaxis, a leading platform for creators, is preparing for an exciting dual launch - both its token and platform are set to be unveiled. The first phase of the token launch is an Initial DEX Offering (IDO) on Bybit , which is set to commence on the 3rd of May. on Bybit on Bybit This success lays a strong foundation for the upcoming launch and the continued growth of the Galaxis ecosystem, reinforcing Galaxis's position as a key player for creators. For further details about the token launch and how to engage, users can visit the official Bybit website . Bybit website Bybit website About Galaxis Galaxis is a groundbreaking platform designed to empower creators and brands in the ever-evolving Web3 ecosystem. Leveraging the latest in blockchain technology, Galaxis provides a suite of tools and services to create, manage, and sell dynamic NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) with utility. Galaxis Galaxis These advanced NFTs go beyond traditional digital collectibles by offering real-world benefits and interactive features, allowing creators to engage with their communities in meaningful ways. From customizable smart contracts to integrated marketplaces, Galaxis is at the forefront of the NFT revolution, offering a decentralized and secure environment for creators to unleash their potential and for collectors to discover unique digital assets. Contact Andras K. info@galaxis.xyz This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Cyberwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

Galaxis Announces $1,000,000 Creator And Community Member Grants And Bybit IDO

গ্যালাক্সিস $1,000,000 নির্মাতা এবং সম্প্রদায় সদস্য অনুদান এবং বাইবিট IDO ঘোষণা করেছে

Galaxis kündigt Zuschüsse in Höhe von 1.000.000 USD für Entwickler und Community-Mitglieder sowie Bybit IDO an

Galaxis anuncia subvenciones de 1.000.000 de dólares para creadores y miembros de la comunidad y Bybit IDO

Galaxis annonce des subventions de 1 000 000 $ aux créateurs et aux membres de la communauté et Bybit IDO

गैलेक्सिस ने $1,000,000 क्रिएटर और समुदाय सदस्य अनुदान और बायबिट IDO की घोषणा की

Galaxis、クリエイターとコミュニティメンバーへの100万ドルの助成金とBybit IDOを発表

Galaxis, $1,000,000의 창작자 및 커뮤니티 회원 보조금과 Bybit IDO 발표

Galaxis anuncia subsídios de US$ 1.000.000 para criadores e membros da comunidade e Bybit IDO

Galaxis объявляет о грантах для авторов и членов сообщества в размере 1 000 000 долларов США и IDO Bybit

Galaxis, 1.000.000 Dolarlık İçerik Oluşturucu ve Topluluk Üyesi Hibelerini ve Bybit IDO'yu Duyurdu

Galaxis công bố khoản tài trợ trị giá 1.000.000 USD cho người sáng tạo và thành viên cộng đồng cũng như Bybit IDO

Galaxis 宣布向创作者和社区成员提供 1,000,000 美元赠款以及 Bybit IDO

Biden-⁠Harris Administration Commends Federal Agencies for Completing Key AI Actions in 180 Days

বিডেন-হ্যারিস প্রশাসন 180 দিনের মধ্যে মূল এআই অ্যাকশনগুলি সম্পূর্ণ করার জন্য ফেডারেল এজেন্সিগুলির প্রশংসা করেছে

Biden-Harris-Regierung lobt Bundesbehörden für die Umsetzung wichtiger KI-Maßnahmen in 180 Tagen

La administración Biden-⁠Harris elogia a las agencias federales por completar acciones clave de IA en 180 días

L’administration Biden-⁠Harris félicite les agences fédérales pour avoir mené à bien des actions clés en matière d’IA en 180 jours

बिडेन-हैरिस प्रशासन ने 180 दिनों में प्रमुख एआई कार्रवाइयों को पूरा करने के लिए संघीय एजेंसियों की सराहना की

バイデン・ハリス政権、連邦政府機関が180日以内に主要なAI対策を完了したことを称賛

Biden-⁠해리스 행정부, 180일 만에 핵심 AI 작업을 완료한 연방 기관 칭찬

Administração Biden-⁠Harris elogia agências federais por concluírem ações importantes de IA em 180 dias

Администрация Байдена-Харриса благодарит федеральные агентства за завершение ключевых действий в области искусственного интеллекта за 180 дней

Biden-⁠Harris Yönetimi, Temel Yapay Zeka Eylemlerini 180 Günde Tamamlayan Federal Kurumları Övdü

Chính quyền Biden-⁠Harris khen ngợi các cơ quan liên bang đã hoàn thành các hành động quan trọng về AI trong 180 ngày

拜登-哈里斯政府赞扬联邦机构在 180 天内完成关键人工智能行动

The Power of Community in Memecoin Success

Welcome to HackerNoon’s Writing Prompts! Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. Over a decade ago, I founded Unity Communications with a vision to boost company growth through outstanding leadership and customer service. Today, we connect a driven global workforce with businesses looking to enhance productivity. Let me share with you a bit about our journey and the vision for our company. 1. What is your company in 2–5 words? Fuel for business scalability. 2. Why is now the time for your company to exist? Technology allows humans to do more complex tasks at the entry level position than ever before. 3. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? My team is committed and gets the little things right.   They receive feedback very well and can handle even the toughest situations. 4. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? Mixing music and DJing at major festivals. 5. At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your metrics? I make the time to talk to every one of my clients on an ongoing basis and get direct feedback. 6. In a few sentences, what do you offer to whom? We provide managed and unmanaged teams that provide entry level office work for all industries.  From healthcare back office,  accounting, technical support, and high-touch CX for many brands, our proven track record can help you focus on your core products while we handle your non-core services at a very attractive ROI. 7. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? I actually get to say “no” to clients that don’t share my values 8. Where do you think your growth will be next year? Healthcare. 9. Tell us about your first paying customer and revenue expectations over the next year. ATT—a beast. Tough—but fair. We expect to grow 30 to 40 percent next year. 10. What’s your biggest threat? Cyber.  A data breach can put me out of business.  I’m also worried about volcanic activity in the Philippine islands. This startup founder interview template is based on HackerNoon Founder & CEO David Smooke’s ten questions for startup founders. Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. Welcome to HackerNoon’s Writing Prompts! Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. Welcome to HackerNoon ’s Writing Prompts! Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. HackerNoon The link for the template is HERE. Over a decade ago, I founded Unity Communications with a vision to boost company growth through outstanding leadership and customer service. Today, we connect a driven global workforce with businesses looking to enhance productivity. Let me share with you a bit about our journey and the vision for our company. Unity Communications 1. What is your company in 2–5 words? Fuel for business scalability. 2. Why is now the time for your company to exist? Technology allows humans to do more complex tasks at the entry level position than ever before. 3. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? My team is committed and gets the little things right.   They receive feedback very well and can handle even the toughest situations. 4. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? Mixing music and DJing at major festivals. 5. At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your metrics? I make the time to talk to every one of my clients on an ongoing basis and get direct feedback. 6. In a few sentences, what do you offer to whom? We provide managed and unmanaged teams that provide entry level office work for all industries.  From healthcare back office,  accounting, technical support, and high-touch CX for many brands, our proven track record can help you focus on your core products while we handle your non-core services at a very attractive ROI. 7. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? I actually get to say “no” to clients that don’t share my values 8. Where do you think your growth will be next year? Healthcare. 9. Tell us about your first paying customer and revenue expectations over the next year. ATT—a beast. Tough—but fair. We expect to grow 30 to 40 percent next year. 10. What’s your biggest threat? Cyber.  A data breach can put me out of business.  I’m also worried about volcanic activity in the Philippine islands. This startup founder interview template is based on HackerNoon Founder & CEO David Smooke’s ten questions for startup founders. This startup founder interview template is based on HackerNoon Founder & CEO David Smooke ’s ten questions for startup founders . HackerNoon Founder & CEO David Smooke ten questions for startup founders Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. Would you like to take a stab at answering some of these questions? The link for the template is HERE. The link for the template is HERE.

Unity Communications Founder on Building the Company

Last week, two remarkable events occurred: Meta announced its Llama 3, the most capable and highly anticipated open large language model (LLM) to date, and Boston Dynamics introduced its new fully electric Atlas robot platform — a stark departure from their hydraulic robots! At first glance, these developments may seem unrelated, but they are actually deeply interconnected, with the potential to synergistically drive each other forward and reshape how we work with and implement AI. At the heart of this connection is the transformative power of advanced AI. Breakthroughs in natural language processing and machine learning, exemplified by Llama 3, extend beyond language alone. These techniques, from deep neural networks to reinforcement learning, are also propelling significant advancements in computer vision, motion planning, and robot control. As language models like Llama 3 continue to expand the boundaries of AI’s ability to understand and interact with the world, they also lay the groundwork for more intelligent and capable robots. The implications, of course, extend beyond communication. The same techniques used to train LLMs on vast amounts of text data are also applicable to learning from massive datasets of sensor readings, images, and simulations for robots. Moreover, the open-source nature of models like Llama 3 democratizes access to state-of-the-art AI, enabling a broader spectrum of researchers and companies to integrate these capabilities into their robotic systems. At least start playing on that field! Every successful (and unsuccessful) attempt by Atlas to manipulate an object, navigate a cluttered factory floor, or assist a human worker becomes a valuable data point for the model, just as it does for Llama 3. Using this innovative model, Meta developed a standalone app, meta.ai, and embedded it into WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook, collecting vast and highly personalized data. This could lead us toward synthetic social networks or — which is more likely — an extremely personalized, embodied AI experience. As Llama 3 and the electric Atlas converge, they may accelerate each other’s development, blurring the lines between software and hardware, bits and atoms. As language models become more proficient at understanding and interacting with the world, robots will become more capable of applying that knowledge. This doesn’t necessarily mean evil. More capable and advanced robots, which can be fine-tuned and improved with your personal data and specifics, could take over mundane tasks at home. Imagine, instead of hundreds of text editors, finally having a robot that can load and unload the dishwasher and do the laundry. Currently, launches like Llama 3 are seen as enhancing AI’s understanding and processing capabilities, but in the long term, they will be one of the milestones in building and deploying machines that are finely attuned and aligned with us to assist in our daily lives. https://youtu.be/29ECwExc-_M?si=UyexFH1jOfd5TGY9&embedable=true Other Impressive Models: (I didn’t send you the FOD digest last Monday because I was at a conference dedicated to citizen diplomacy. Therefore, today, we have an extensive list of recently launched models that are worth checking out, along with other relevant research papers.) Mixtral-8x22B: Mistral AI introduced a scalable sparse mixture of expert models optimizing cost and latency by selectively using parameters during inference, offering a high capacity and efficiency model for further training and applications →read the paper
Rerank 3: Launched by Cohere, this model enhances enterprise search and Retrieval Augmented Generation systems, improving accuracy in document retrieval across multiple languages and data formats →read the paper
Idefics2: Hugging Face's model that excels in integrating text and image data, significantly improving on OCR and visual question-answering tasks →read the paper
Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: A series of multimodal language models from Reka that process text, images, video, and audio, demonstrating high performance across diverse tasks →read the paper
Ferret-UI: Developed by Apple, this model specializes in mobile UI interaction, enhancing user experience by accurately performing tasks tailored to the unique properties of UI screens →ead the paper
Zamba: Zyphra's compact and efficient SSM Hybrid model is designed for performance with reduced training data needs, optimized for consumer hardware →read the paper
YaART: Yandex's advanced text-to-image diffusion model that optimizes training efficiency and quality with smaller, high-quality datasets →read the paper
RHO-1: A novel approach by Xiamen University focusing on Selective Language Modeling to enhance efficiency by prioritizing useful tokens during training →read the paper
RecurrentGemma: Google DeepMind's model that moves past traditional transformers by incorporating recurrences for more efficient long-sequence processing →read the paper
JetMoE: An economical LLM from the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab using a mixture-of-experts architecture to achieve high performance at reduced costs →read the paper News from The Usual Suspects © Google open-sourced Gemini Cookbook
and is merging its Research, DeepMind, and Responsible AI teams to accelerate its “capacity to deliver capable AI”
DeepMind published an article about the ethics of advanced AI assistants, stressing the significance of their integration into daily life Hugging Face https://x.com/QGallouedec/status/1782430246957994422?embedable=true Stanford published the 2024 AI Index report, reflecting the escalating impact of AI on society. It contains data with new estimates on AI training costs and detailed insights into the responsible AI landscape. It also introduces a new chapter on AI's influence on science and medicine. Highlights include the substantial cost of training state-of-the-art models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini Ultra; the dominance of the U.S. in producing top AI models; and significant investment growth in generative AI despite overall funding declines. Additionally, the report notes a major increase in AI-related regulations in the U.S. and heightened public awareness and nervousness about AI's future impact. Enjoyed This Story? I write a weekly analysis of the AI world in the Turing Post newsletter. We aim to equip you with comprehensive knowledge and historical insights so you can make informed decisions about AI and ML. Last week, two remarkable events occurred: Meta announced its Llama 3 , the most capable and highly anticipated open large language model (LLM) to date, and Boston Dynamics introduced its new fully electric Atlas robot platform — a stark departure from their hydraulic robots! At first glance, these developments may seem unrelated, but they are actually deeply interconnected, with the potential to synergistically drive each other forward and reshape how we work with and implement AI. Llama 3 Llama 3 electric Atlas robot electric Atlas robot At the heart of this connection is the transformative power of advanced AI. Breakthroughs in natural language processing and machine learning, exemplified by Llama 3, extend beyond language alone. These techniques, from deep neural networks to reinforcement learning, are also propelling significant advancements in computer vision, motion planning, and robot control. As language models like Llama 3 continue to expand the boundaries of AI’s ability to understand and interact with the world, they also lay the groundwork for more intelligent and capable robots. The implications, of course, extend beyond communication. The same techniques used to train LLMs on vast amounts of text data are also applicable to learning from massive datasets of sensor readings, images, and simulations for robots. Moreover, the open-source nature of models like Llama 3 democratizes access to state-of-the-art AI, enabling a broader spectrum of researchers and companies to integrate these capabilities into their robotic systems. At least start playing on that field! Every successful (and unsuccessful) attempt by Atlas to manipulate an object, navigate a cluttered factory floor, or assist a human worker becomes a valuable data point for the model, just as it does for Llama 3. Using this innovative model, Meta developed a standalone app, meta.ai , and embedded it into WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook, collecting vast and highly personalized data. This could lead us toward synthetic social networks or — which is more likely — an extremely personalized, embodied AI experience. As Llama 3 and the electric Atlas converge, they may accelerate each other’s development, blurring the lines between software and hardware, bits and atoms. As language models become more proficient at understanding and interacting with the world, robots will become more capable of applying that knowledge. meta.ai meta.ai synthetic social networks synthetic social networks This doesn’t necessarily mean evil. More capable and advanced robots, which can be fine-tuned and improved with your personal data and specifics, could take over mundane tasks at home. Imagine, instead of hundreds of text editors, finally having a robot that can load and unload the dishwasher and do the laundry. Currently, launches like Llama 3 are seen as enhancing AI’s understanding and processing capabilities, but in the long term, they will be one of the milestones in building and deploying machines that are finely attuned and aligned with us to assist in our daily lives. https://youtu.be/29ECwExc-_M?si=UyexFH1jOfd5TGY9&embedable=true https://youtu.be/29ECwExc-_M?si=UyexFH1jOfd5TGY9&embedable=true Other Impressive Models: (I didn’t send you the FOD digest last Monday because I was at a conference dedicated to citizen diplomacy. Therefore, today, we have an extensive list of recently launched models that are worth checking out, along with other relevant research papers.) (I didn’t send you the FOD digest last Monday because I was at a conference dedicated to citizen diplomacy. Therefore, today, we have an extensive list of recently launched models that are worth checking out, along with other relevant research papers.) Mixtral-8x22B: Mistral AI introduced a scalable sparse mixture of expert models optimizing cost and latency by selectively using parameters during inference, offering a high capacity and efficiency model for further training and applications →read the paper Rerank 3: Launched by Cohere, this model enhances enterprise search and Retrieval Augmented Generation systems, improving accuracy in document retrieval across multiple languages and data formats →read the paper Idefics2: Hugging Face's model that excels in integrating text and image data, significantly improving on OCR and visual question-answering tasks →read the paper Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: A series of multimodal language models from Reka that process text, images, video, and audio, demonstrating high performance across diverse tasks →read the paper Ferret-UI: Developed by Apple, this model specializes in mobile UI interaction, enhancing user experience by accurately performing tasks tailored to the unique properties of UI screens →ead the paper Zamba: Zyphra's compact and efficient SSM Hybrid model is designed for performance with reduced training data needs, optimized for consumer hardware →read the paper YaART: Yandex's advanced text-to-image diffusion model that optimizes training efficiency and quality with smaller, high-quality datasets →read the paper RHO-1: A novel approach by Xiamen University focusing on Selective Language Modeling to enhance efficiency by prioritizing useful tokens during training →read the paper RecurrentGemma: Google DeepMind's model that moves past traditional transformers by incorporating recurrences for more efficient long-sequence processing →read the paper JetMoE: An economical LLM from the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab using a mixture-of-experts architecture to achieve high performance at reduced costs →read the paper Mixtral-8x22B: Mistral AI introduced a scalable sparse mixture of expert models optimizing cost and latency by selectively using parameters during inference, offering a high capacity and efficiency model for further training and applications →read the paper Mixtral-8x22B: →read the paper Rerank 3: Launched by Cohere, this model enhances enterprise search and Retrieval Augmented Generation systems, improving accuracy in document retrieval across multiple languages and data formats →read the paper Rerank 3: →read the paper Idefics2: Hugging Face's model that excels in integrating text and image data, significantly improving on OCR and visual question-answering tasks →read the paper Idefics2: →read the paper Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: A series of multimodal language models from Reka that process text, images, video, and audio, demonstrating high performance across diverse tasks →read the paper Reka Core, Flash, and Edge: →read the paper Ferret-UI: Developed by Apple, this model specializes in mobile UI interaction, enhancing user experience by accurately performing tasks tailored to the unique properties of UI screens →ead the paper Ferret-UI: →ead the paper Zamba: Zyphra's compact and efficient SSM Hybrid model is designed for performance with reduced training data needs, optimized for consumer hardware →read the paper Zamba: →read the paper YaART: Yandex's advanced text-to-image diffusion model that optimizes training efficiency and quality with smaller, high-quality datasets →read the paper YaART: →read the paper RHO-1: A novel approach by Xiamen University focusing on Selective Language Modeling to enhance efficiency by prioritizing useful tokens during training →read the paper RHO-1: →read the paper RecurrentGemma: Google DeepMind's model that moves past traditional transformers by incorporating recurrences for more efficient long-sequence processing →read the paper RecurrentGemma: →read the paper JetMoE: An economical LLM from the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab using a mixture-of-experts architecture to achieve high performance at reduced costs →read the paper JetMoE: →read the paper News from The Usual Suspects © Google Google open-sourced Gemini Cookbook and is merging its Research, DeepMind, and Responsible AI teams to accelerate its “capacity to deliver capable AI” DeepMind published an article about the ethics of advanced AI assistants, stressing the significance of their integration into daily life open-sourced Gemini Cookbook Gemini Cookbook and is merging its Research, DeepMind, and Responsible AI teams to accelerate its “ capacity to deliver capable AI ” merging capacity to deliver capable AI DeepMind published an article about the ethics of advanced AI assistants, stressing the significance of their integration into daily life published Hugging Face Hugging Face https://x.com/QGallouedec/status/1782430246957994422?embedable=true https://x.com/QGallouedec/status/1782430246957994422?embedable=true Stanford Stanford published the 2024 AI Index report, reflecting the escalating impact of AI on society. It contains data with new estimates on AI training costs and detailed insights into the responsible AI landscape. It also introduces a new chapter on AI's influence on science and medicine. Highlights include the substantial cost of training state-of-the-art models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini Ultra; the dominance of the U.S. in producing top AI models; and significant investment growth in generative AI despite overall funding declines. Additionally, the report notes a major increase in AI-related regulations in the U.S. and heightened public awareness and nervousness about AI's future impact. published the 2024 AI Index report , reflecting the escalating impact of AI on society. It contains data with new estimates on AI training costs and detailed insights into the responsible AI landscape. It also introduces a new chapter on AI's influence on science and medicine. Highlights include the substantial cost of training state-of-the-art models, such as GPT-4 and Gemini Ultra; the dominance of the U.S. in producing top AI models; and significant investment growth in generative AI despite overall funding declines. Additionally, the report notes a major increase in AI-related regulations in the U.S. and heightened public awareness and nervousness about AI's future impact. the 2024 AI Index report Enjoyed This Story? I write a weekly analysis of the AI world in the Turing Post newsletter. We aim to equip you with comprehensive knowledge and historical insights so you can make informed decisions about AI and ML. Turing Post

AI Industries Converge: Llama 3 and Electric Atlas Have More In Common Than You Think

A successful community relies on the efforts of the community manager at every stage: During the challenging initial phase, the community manager overcomes the difficulty of acquiring customers, ensuring a stable customer base for the community. In the growth phase, the community manager addresses member activation issues, converting community members into product users and improving conversion rates. With stable customer acquisition and high conversion rates, the community enters a mature stage. However, three new challenges await the community manager: RRR. The 3R Challenges The concept of 3R originates from the AARRR model. In the initial and growth stages, community managers accomplish the first two tasks: Acquisition and Activation. The subsequent challenge is the 3R hurdles. Retention:Encouraging users to continue using the product or service and maintaining their loyalty.Revenue:Generating income through user behavior.Referral: Encouraging existing users to recommend the product or service to others, thereby achieving secondary propagation. As the community matures, some users may lose interest in the community or product, leading to a decrease in engagement. Additionally, as the community scales and complexity increases, conflicts may arise between new and existing members. These factors can all contribute to a decline in community user retention rates. This article will focus on the first key issue among these three challenges: community retention rates, aiming to provide insights for community managers. The Quantity and Duration of Consensus The quantity of consensus affects how many high-retention users a community can have, while the duration of consensus impacts how long users stay in the community. The formation of consensus relies on user expectations, which can be related to product features or pricing. For projects that have already issued tokens, user expectations, and outcomes typically manifest in asset prices. When users anticipate that project development will increase the value of their assets, they are more likely to confidently hold or trade these assets, thereby increasing the circulation and holding volume of the project, creating a positive cycle. For projects that have not yet issued tokens, user expectations are usually sustained through Token Generation Events (TGEs). Users anticipate future airdrops or token distributions, thus choosing to stay in the community to await future rewards. How to Trigger User Expectations? Any dynamic can serve as an influencing factor. Collaboration information, product updates, and the status of proposals, among others, all contribute. When user expectations are continuously met, consensus gradually forms, thereby strengthening user retention and engagement. Many community managers regularly post tweets within the community, encouraging community users to retweet and like for this reason. It's important to maximize the weight of information and increase its dissemination to subtly instill new expectations in users. This is a mechanical operational behavior, and many community managers use bots to reduce repetitive work: bots can automatically forward project information to the community. However, bots have a downside: they cannot stimulate user-sharing behavior. Why not turn this information into personalized tasks? This approach can not only expand the reach of information but also promote community interaction. TaskOn's Smart Task feature can automatically fetch updates from the project's official account and turn them into various tasks, expanding the dissemination of information and fostering expectations among more users. Continuous Interaction: Frequency Forms Habits Habits are formed based on frequency rather than duration. There's a very common phrase: "It takes 21 days to form a habit." However, it's actually the repeated behavior every day for 21 days that form the habit. To improve user retention rates, the question facing community managers becomes: How many interactions do users need to develop a habit? Successful projects in the past have focused on encouraging users to use their products every day: Centralized exchanges host continuous trading competitions.


L1/L2 projects consistently support projects within their ecosystems, integrate more dApps, and encourage users to explore their ecosystems.


dApps constantly expand the reach of their projects. TaskOn, a community solution platform, recognizes the importance of frequency. In the community task template, there's an important task-setting option: Recurrence. When setting community tasks, community managers can specify the frequency at which community members should complete the tasks. Currently, there are options for Once/Daily/Weekly/Monthly. Once set, the tasks automatically refresh, saving community managers from repetitive operations. To improve retention rates, community managers need to string together enough user actions until these behaviors are firmly embedded in users' minds. Perfecting the Incentive System There's a potential disconnect between timely rewards and delayed rewards that needs attention. For projects that haven't issued tokens yet, a Token Generation Event (TGE) can be seen as a form of delayed reward. During the wait for rewards, some users may feel that their actions lack meaning due to the lack of timely feedback, leading them to give up on continued participation. One way to address this issue is to provide some immediate, visible incentives or feedback to encourage ongoing participation. For example, project teams can incentivize continued participation before the TGE by setting milestone rewards or periodic incentives. These rewards can take the form of virtual rewards, badges of honor, or elevation in community status to make users feel that their contributions are recognized and give them motivation to continue participating. Currently, there's a trend in the market: the introduction of a points system as an immediate incentive, where users' contributions are measured in points. I once wrote an article on points systems, detailing the benefits and how to quickly set up such a system. You can refer to it for more information. (How Points System Affects Web3 Community Development & Engagement) Healthy Growth Some rely on advertising for growth, others on third-party growth platforms, and some on Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) for growth. While pouring a lot of money into advertising and marketing can quickly expand a community in the short term, once the investment stops, the number of community users can decrease rapidly. For mature communities, increasing user retention is crucial for healthy growth. Integrating the product into users' daily lives and making product usage a habit is key. A successful community relies on the efforts of the community manager at every stage: During the challenging initial phase, the community manager overcomes the difficulty of acquiring customers, ensuring a stable customer base for the community. In the growth phase, the community manager addresses member activation issues, converting community members into product users and improving conversion rates. With stable customer acquisition and high conversion rates, the community enters a mature stage. However, three new challenges await the community manager: RRR. The 3R Challenges The concept of 3R originates from the AARRR model. In the initial and growth stages, community managers accomplish the first two tasks: Acquisition and Activation. The subsequent challenge is the 3R hurdles. Retention: Encouraging users to continue using the product or service and maintaining their loyalty. Revenue: Generating income through user behavior. Referral: Encouraging existing users to recommend the product or service to others, thereby achieving secondary propagation. Retention: Revenue: Referral: As the community matures, some users may lose interest in the community or product, leading to a decrease in engagement. Additionally, as the community scales and complexity increases, conflicts may arise between new and existing members. These factors can all contribute to a decline in community user retention rates. This article will focus on the first key issue among these three challenges: community retention rates, aiming to provide insights for community managers. The Quantity and Duration of Consensus The quantity of consensus affects how many high-retention users a community can have, while the duration of consensus impacts how long users stay in the community. The formation of consensus relies on user expectations, which can be related to product features or pricing. For projects that have already issued tokens, user expectations, and outcomes typically manifest in asset prices. When users anticipate that project development will increase the value of their assets, they are more likely to confidently hold or trade these assets, thereby increasing the circulation and holding volume of the project, creating a positive cycle. For projects that have not yet issued tokens, user expectations are usually sustained through Token Generation Events (TGEs). Users anticipate future airdrops or token distributions, thus choosing to stay in the community to await future rewards. How to Trigger User Expectations? How to Trigger User Expectations? Any dynamic can serve as an influencing factor. Collaboration information, product updates, and the status of proposals, among others, all contribute. When user expectations are continuously met, consensus gradually forms, thereby strengthening user retention and engagement. Many community managers regularly post tweets within the community, encouraging community users to retweet and like for this reason. It's important to maximize the weight of information and increase its dissemination to subtly instill new expectations in users. This is a mechanical operational behavior, and many community managers use bots to reduce repetitive work: bots can automatically forward project information to the community. However, bots have a downside: they cannot stimulate user-sharing behavior. Why not turn this information into personalized tasks? This approach can not only expand the reach of information but also promote community interaction. TaskOn's Smart Task feature can automatically fetch updates from the project's official account and turn them into various tasks, expanding the dissemination of information and fostering expectations among more users. Continuous Interaction: Frequency Forms Habits Habits are formed based on frequency rather than duration. There's a very common phrase: "It takes 21 days to form a habit." However, it's actually the repeated behavior every day for 21 days that form the habit. To improve user retention rates, the question facing community managers becomes: How many interactions do users need to develop a habit? Successful projects in the past have focused on encouraging users to use their products every day: Centralized exchanges host continuous trading competitions. L1/L2 projects consistently support projects within their ecosystems, integrate more dApps, and encourage users to explore their ecosystems. dApps constantly expand the reach of their projects. Centralized exchanges host continuous trading competitions. Centralized exchanges host continuous trading competitions. L1/L2 projects consistently support projects within their ecosystems, integrate more dApps, and encourage users to explore their ecosystems. L1/L2 projects consistently support projects within their ecosystems, integrate more dApps, and encourage users to explore their ecosystems. dApps constantly expand the reach of their projects. dApps constantly expand the reach of their projects. TaskOn, a community solution platform, recognizes the importance of frequency. In the community task template, there's an important task-setting option: Recurrence. When setting community tasks, community managers can specify the frequency at which community members should complete the tasks. Currently, there are options for Once/Daily/Weekly/Monthly. Once set, the tasks automatically refresh, saving community managers from repetitive operations. To improve retention rates, community managers need to string together enough user actions until these behaviors are firmly embedded in users' minds. Perfecting the Incentive System There's a potential disconnect between timely rewards and delayed rewards that needs attention. For projects that haven't issued tokens yet, a Token Generation Event (TGE) can be seen as a form of delayed reward. During the wait for rewards, some users may feel that their actions lack meaning due to the lack of timely feedback, leading them to give up on continued participation. One way to address this issue is to provide some immediate, visible incentives or feedback to encourage ongoing participation. For example, project teams can incentivize continued participation before the TGE by setting milestone rewards or periodic incentives. These rewards can take the form of virtual rewards, badges of honor, or elevation in community status to make users feel that their contributions are recognized and give them motivation to continue participating. Currently, there's a trend in the market: the introduction of a points system as an immediate incentive, where users' contributions are measured in points. I once wrote an article on points systems, detailing the benefits and how to quickly set up such a system. You can refer to it for more information. (How Points System Affects Web3 Community Development & Engagement) I once wrote an article on points systems, detailing the benefits and how to quickly set up such a system. You can refer to it for more information. ( How Points System Affects Web3 Community Development & Engagement ) How Points System Affects Web3 Community Development & Engagement How Points System Affects Web3 Community Development & Engagement ) Healthy Growth Some rely on advertising for growth, others on third-party growth platforms, and some on Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) for growth. While pouring a lot of money into advertising and marketing can quickly expand a community in the short term, once the investment stops, the number of community users can decrease rapidly. For mature communities, increasing user retention is crucial for healthy growth. Integrating the product into users' daily lives and making product usage a habit is key.

Building a Successful Web3 Community: Healthy Growth

Debunking 5 Common Web3 Communications Myths

5 কমন Web3 কমিউনিকেশন মিথ ডিবাঙ্কিং

Entlarvung von 5 gängigen Mythen zur Web3-Kommunikation

Desmentiendo 5 mitos comunes sobre las comunicaciones Web3

Démystifier 5 mythes courants sur les communications Web3

वेब3 संचार से जुड़े 5 आम मिथकों का खंडन

Web3 コミュニケーションに関する 5 つのよくある誤解を解明

Web3 커뮤니케이션에 대한 5가지 일반적인 오해 폭로

Desmascarando 5 mitos comuns sobre comunicações Web3

Развенчание 5 распространенных мифов о коммуникациях Web3

5 Yaygın Web3 İletişim Efsanesini Çürütüyoruz

Làm sáng tỏ 5 lầm tưởng phổ biến về truyền thông Web3

揭穿 5 个常见的 Web3 通信神话

Stories, News & Mentions about COMM

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