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Recently, Solana (SOL) and Ethereum (ETH) surged by 5.5% and 3.5%, respectively, reflecting the market's bullish momentum, possibly influenced by BTC's recent halving. Amidst this, Furrever Token (FURR) emerges as a notable contender, capturing investor attention with an impressive accumulation of nearly $1,000,000 during its two-month presale period. As these cryptocurrencies make significant moves, investors eagerly anticipate their continued growth and the opportunities they present in the ever-evolving digital asset space. Solana (SOL) Surges 5.5%: Technical Analysis and Price Predictions Solana (SOL) has surged by 5.5% to reach a current price of $150.63, reflecting robust market performance with a significant 24-hour trading volume of $2.97 billion. This surge has propelled Solana's market capitalization to approximately $67.62 billion, solidifying its position as the fifth largest by market cap. Market watchers are increasingly optimistic about Solana's price predictions as it faces immediate resistance at $164.56, with further hurdles at $185.94 and $204.26. Support levels are identified at $126.23, $110.96, and $92.64, providing potential bounce-back points. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 39 suggests Solana is nearing oversold conditions, while the 50-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) at $156.28 presents a significant resistance level. Whether Solana can sustain its upward momentum and overcome resistance posed by the 50-day EMA remains critical for investors and traders, as a breakout could lead to further gains. At the same time, failure to hold may result in a retreat to lower support zones. Ethereum (ETH) Rides Bitcoin Halving Wave: Capital Inflows Spark 4% Surge. Ethereum (ETH) witnessed a 4% surge, reaching a current price of $3,163.71, propelled by capital inflows sparked by Bitcoin's halving event. This surge mirrors the upside moves across the crypto market, with total market capitalization rising by 3.5% in the same period. Notably, the ETH/BTC pair rises roughly 2.5% to 0.048 BTC on April 21, indicating growing Ethereum dominance. Historically, Ethereum experienced increased capital inflows from Bitcoin post-halving events, leading to significant price surges. Recent data from Glassnode reveals accumulation among Ethereum's wealthiest investors, suggesting a precursor to further price upside. The current support level near ETH's 0.5 Fibonacci retracement line and its 200-day exponential moving average presents an attractive buying opportunity, reinforcing traders' confidence in Ethereum's upward trajectory. Furrever Token (FURR) Grabs Investor Attention with Presale Success Amid Market Uptick In the ever-evolving cryptocurrency market landscape, Furrever Token (FURR) has emerged as a standout player, captivating investor attention with its remarkable success in the presale phase amidst a recent uptick in market activity. Designed to revolutionize the crypto space with an infusion of irresistible cuteness, Furrever Token offers users a delightful and charming experience centered around the universal appeal of cute kitties. In a market dominated by serious blockchain projects, Furrever Token's light-hearted approach serves as a breath of fresh air, attracting not only seasoned investors but also newcomers eager to explore the playful side of crypto. At the heart of Furrever Token's mission is developing a user-friendly platform that fosters a warm and friendly community. Furrever Token aims to create a whimsical crypto ecosystem where fun and enjoyment take center stage by integrating cute cat-themed stickers, emojis, and visuals. Regular challenges, launches, and growth initiatives encourage users to share their love for cuteness, fostering a sense of camaraderie and shared joy among community members. The tokenomics of Furrever Token are carefully structured to incentivize participation and support project growth. With 65% of tokens available during the presale phase, investors have ample opportunity to secure their stake in the project's future success. Having already raised over $1,000,000 and nearing the completion of stage 7 out of 10, Furrever Token is well on its way to reaching its fundraising goal of $1.9M before its highly anticipated launch on DEX (PancakeSwap). One of the most enticing aspects of Furrever Token is its potential for substantial returns. With up to 15X returns and a current price of $0.000564, FURR has garnered significant interest from investors seeking profitability and engagement. Moreover, Furrever Token has implemented various security measures to reassure investors of the project's legitimacy. These measures include audits, token lock-ups, and active community engagement initiatives, all contributing to a transparent and trustworthy investment environment. In conclusion, Furrever Token is a promising project for further success in the crypto market. With its unique blend of cuteness, community engagement, and profitability, FURR has captured the imagination of investors worldwide. As the project continues to gain momentum and attract new supporters, the future looks bright for Furrever Token and its growing community of dedicated enthusiasts. Investors can only purchase FURR from the official website, furrevertoken.com, ensuring a secure and reliable transaction process.Discover the Most Exclusive Presale Opportunity of 2024 Now:Furrever Token Official Website  |   Visit Furrever Token Presale Join Official Telegram Group       |   Follow Official X Account This story was distributed as a release by ZEX MEDIA under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here. Recently, Solana (SOL) and Ethereum (ETH) surged by 5.5% and 3.5%, respectively, reflecting the market's bullish momentum, possibly influenced by BTC's recent halving. Amidst this, Furrever Token (FURR) emerges as a notable contender, capturing investor attention with an impressive accumulation of nearly $1,000,000 during its two-month presale period. As these cryptocurrencies make significant moves, investors eagerly anticipate their continued growth and the opportunities they present in the ever-evolving digital asset space. Furrever Token (FURR) Furrever Token (FURR) cryptocurrencies Solana (SOL) Surges 5.5%: Technical Analysis and Price Predictions Solana (SOL) has surged by 5.5% to reach a current price of $150.63, reflecting robust market performance with a significant 24-hour trading volume of $2.97 billion. This surge has propelled Solana's market capitalization to approximately $67.62 billion, solidifying its position as the fifth largest by market cap. Market watchers are increasingly optimistic about Solana's price predictions as it faces immediate resistance at $164.56, with further hurdles at $185.94 and $204.26. Support levels are identified at $126.23, $110.96, and $92.64, providing potential bounce-back points. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 39 suggests Solana is nearing oversold conditions, while the 50-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) at $156.28 presents a significant resistance level. Whether Solana can sustain its upward momentum and overcome resistance posed by the 50-day EMA remains critical for investors and traders, as a breakout could lead to further gains. At the same time, failure to hold may result in a retreat to lower support zones. Ethereum (ETH) Rides Bitcoin Halving Wave: Capital Inflows Spark 4% Surge. Ethereum (ETH) witnessed a 4% surge, reaching a current price of $3,163.71, propelled by capital inflows sparked by Bitcoin's halving event. This surge mirrors the upside moves across the crypto market, with total market capitalization rising by 3.5% in the same period. Notably, the ETH/BTC pair rises roughly 2.5% to 0.048 BTC on April 21, indicating growing Ethereum dominance. Historically, Ethereum experienced increased capital inflows from Bitcoin post-halving events, leading to significant price surges. Recent data from Glassnode reveals accumulation among Ethereum's wealthiest investors, suggesting a precursor to further price upside. The current support level near ETH's 0.5 Fibonacci retracement line and its 200-day exponential moving average presents an attractive buying opportunity, reinforcing traders' confidence in Ethereum's upward trajectory. Furrever Token (FURR) Grabs Investor Attention with Presale Success Amid Market Uptick In the ever-evolving cryptocurrency market landscape, Furrever Token (FURR) has emerged as a standout player, captivating investor attention with its remarkable success in the presale phase amidst a recent uptick in market activity. Designed to revolutionize the crypto space with an infusion of irresistible cuteness, Furrever Token offers users a delightful and charming experience centered around the universal appeal of cute kitties. In a market dominated by serious blockchain projects, Furrever Token's light-hearted approach serves as a breath of fresh air, attracting not only seasoned investors but also newcomers eager to explore the playful side of crypto. Furrever Token (FURR) Furrever Token (FURR) At the heart of Furrever Token's mission is developing a user-friendly platform that fosters a warm and friendly community. Furrever Token aims to create a whimsical crypto ecosystem where fun and enjoyment take center stage by integrating cute cat-themed stickers, emojis, and visuals. Regular challenges, launches, and growth initiatives encourage users to share their love for cuteness, fostering a sense of camaraderie and shared joy among community members. The tokenomics of Furrever Token are carefully structured to incentivize participation and support project growth. With 65% of tokens available during the presale phase, investors have ample opportunity to secure their stake in the project's future success. Having already raised over $1,000,000 and nearing the completion of stage 7 out of 10, Furrever Token is well on its way to reaching its fundraising goal of $1.9M before its highly anticipated launch on DEX (PancakeSwap). One of the most enticing aspects of Furrever Token is its potential for substantial returns. With up to 15X returns and a current price of $0.000564, FURR has garnered significant interest from investors seeking profitability and engagement. Moreover, Furrever Token has implemented various security measures to reassure investors of the project's legitimacy. These measures include audits, token lock-ups, and active community engagement initiatives, all contributing to a transparent and trustworthy investment environment. In conclusion, Furrever Token is a promising project for further success in the crypto market. With its unique blend of cuteness, community engagement, and profitability, FURR has captured the imagination of investors worldwide. As the project continues to gain momentum and attract new supporters, the future looks bright for Furrever Token and its growing community of dedicated enthusiasts. Investors can only purchase FURR from the official website, furrevertoken.com, ensuring a secure and reliable transaction process. Discover the Most Exclusive Presale Opportunity of 2024 Now: Furrever Token Official Website | Visit Furrever Token Presale Join Official Telegram Group | Follow Official X Account Furrever Token Official Website Furrever Token Official Website Visit Furrever Token Presale Visit Furrever Token Presale Join Official Telegram Group Join Official Telegram Group Follow Official X Account Follow Official X Account This story was distributed as a release by ZEX MEDIA under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by ZEX MEDIA under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by ZEX MEDIA under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program here . here

Ethereum  and Solana Traders Eye Furrever Token Presale as ROI Climbs

Ethereum এবং Solana Traders Eye Furrever Token Presale ROI ক্লাইম্বস হিসাবে

Ethereum- und Solana-Händler erwägen Vorverkauf von Furrever-Token, da der ROI steigt

Los comerciantes de Ethereum y Solana miran la preventa del token Furrever a medida que aumenta el ROI

Les traders d'Ethereum et de Solana envisagent la prévente de jetons Furrever alors que le retour sur investissement augmente

एथेरियम और सोलाना ट्रेडर्स की नजर आरओआई बढ़ने के साथ ही फुर्रेवर टोकन प्रीसेल पर है

イーサリアムとソラナのトレーダーは、ROIの上昇に伴い、Furreverトークンのプレセールに注目している

ROI 상승에 따라 이더리움과 솔라나 트레이더, Furrever 토큰 사전 판매 주목

Ethereum e Solana Traders Eye Furrever Token Pré-venda conforme o ROI sobe

Трейдеры Ethereum и Solana следят за предпродажей токена Furrever, поскольку рентабельность инвестиций растет

Yatırım Getirisi Artırırken Ethereum ve Solana Yatırımcıları Furrever Token Ön Satışını Gözetliyor

Nhà giao dịch Ethereum và Solana Eye Furrever Bán trước Token khi ROI tăng

随着投资回报率的攀升，以太坊和 Solana 交易员关注 Furrever 代币预售

FTC v. Amazon Court Filing, retrieved on Sep 26, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 42 of 80. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here b. Amazon’s first-party anti-discounting algorithm has stopped other online stores from competing by offering lower prices 333. Though the different elements of Amazon’s anti-discounting strategy often work in tandem to stifle competition (as discussed in Part VI.A.4, below), Amazon’s first-party anti-discounting algorithm has, on its own, deterred other online stores from competing through lower prices. 334. For example, Amazon’s first-party anti-discounting scheme successfully deterred price competition in 2017 when (redacted) introduced a (redacted) 335. Amazon concluded that its first-party anti-discounting strategy ultimately helped induce (redacted) to stop competing on price through its pickup discount program. In an internal planning and strategy document, Amazon determined that its first-party anti-discounting algorithm created a (redacted) 336. In response to Amazon’s anti-discounting conduct, (redacted) Amazon estimated that (redacted) 337. At one point in 2019, after enduring years of Amazon’s algorithmic disciplining (redacted) Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case 2:23-cv-01495 retrieved on October 2, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. ftc.gov

Amazon Climbed to the Top of the Ladder and Destroyed It 

A Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . FIRST LESSONS IN CLIMBING here CHAPTER V - FIRST LESSONS IN CLIMBING At Altona, a suburb of Hamburg, is the Chief Station of the Kiel railway, which was to take us to the shores of the Belt. In twenty minutes from the moment of our departure we were in Holstein, and our carriage entered the station. Our heavy luggage was taken out, weighed, labeled, and placed in a huge van. We then took our tickets, and exactly at seven o'clock were seated opposite each other in a firstclass railway carriage. My uncle said nothing. He was too busy examining his papers, among which of course was the famous parchment, and some letters of introduction from the Danish consul which were to pave the way to an introduction to the Governor of Iceland. My only amusement was looking out of the window. But as we passed through a flat though fertile country, this occupation was slightly monotonous. In three hours we reached Kiel, and our baggage was at once transferred to the steamer. We had now a day before us, a delay of about ten hours. Which fact put my uncle in a towering passion. We had nothing to do but to walk about the pretty town and bay. At length, however, we went on board, and at half past ten were steaming down the Great Belt. It was a dark night, with a strong breeze and a rough sea, nothing being visible but the occasional fires on shore, with here and there a lighthouse. At seven in the morning we left Korsor, a little town on the western side of Seeland. Here we took another railway, which in three hours brought us to the capital, Copenhagen, where, scarcely taking time for refreshment, my uncle hurried out to present one of his letters of introduction. It was to the director of the Museum of Antiquities, who, having been informed that we were tourists bound for Iceland, did all he could to assist us. One wretched hope sustained me now. Perhaps no vessel was bound for such distant parts. Alas! a little Danish schooner, the , was to sail on the second of June for Reykjavik. The captain, M. Bjarne, was on board, and was rather surprised at the energy and cordiality with which his future passenger shook him by the hand. To him a voyage to Iceland was merely a matter of course. My uncle, on the other hand, considered the event of sublime importance. The honest sailor took advantage of the Professor's enthusiasm to double the fare. Valkyrie "On Tuesday morning at seven o'clock be on board," said M. Bjarne, handing us our receipts. "Excellent! Capital! Glorious!" remarked my uncle as we sat down to a late breakfast; "refresh yourself, my boy, and we will take a run through the town." Our meal concluded, we went to the Kongens-Nye-Torw; to the king's magnificent palace; to the beautiful bridge over the canal near the Museum; to the immense cenotaph of Thorwaldsen with its hideous naval groups; to the castle of Rosenberg; and to all the other lions of the place-none of which my uncle even saw, so absorbed was he in his anticipated triumphs. But one thing struck his fancy, and that was a certain singular steeple situated on the Island of Amak, which is the southeast quarter of the city of Copenhagen. My uncle at once ordered me to turn my steps that way, and accordingly we went on board the steam ferry boat which does duty on the canal, and very soon reached the noted dockyard quay. In the first instance we crossed some narrow streets, where we met numerous groups of galley slaves, with particolored trousers, grey and yellow, working under the orders and the sticks of severe taskmasters, and finally reached the Vor-Frelser's-Kirk. This church exhibited nothing remarkable in itself; in fact, the worthy Professor had only been attracted to it by one circumstance, which was, that its rather elevated steeple started from a circular platform, after which there was an exterior staircase, which wound round to the very summit. "Let us ascend," said my uncle. "But I never could climb church towers," I cried, "I am subject to dizziness in my head." "The very reason why you should go up. I want to cure you of a bad habit." "But, my good sir—" "I tell you to come. What is the use of wasting so much valuable time?" It was impossible to dispute the dictatorial commands of my uncle. I yielded with a groan. On payment of a fee, a verger gave us the key. He, for one, was not partial to the ascent. My uncle at once showed me the way, running up the steps like a schoolboy. I followed as well as I could, though no sooner was I outside the tower, than my head began to swim. There was nothing of the eagle about me. The earth was enough for me, and no ambitious desire to soar ever entered my mind. Still things did not go badly until I had ascended 150 steps, and was near the platform, when I began to feel the rush of cold air. I could scarcely stand, when clutching the railings, I looked upwards. The railing was frail enough, but nothing to those which skirted the terrible winding staircase, that appeared, from where I stood, to ascend to the skies. "Now then, Henry." "I can't do it!" I cried, in accents of despair. "Are you, after all, a coward, sir?" said my uncle in a pitiless tone. "Go up, I say!" To this there was no reply possible. And yet the keen air acted violently on my nervous system; sky, earth, all seemed to swim round, while the steeple rocked like a ship. My legs gave way like those of a drunken man. I crawled upon my hands and knees; I hauled myself up slowly, crawling like a snake. Presently I closed my eyes, and allowed myself to be dragged upwards. "Look around you," said my uncle in a stern voice, "heaven knows what profound abysses you may have to look down. This is excellent practice." Slowly, and shivering all the while with cold, I opened my eyes. What then did I see? My first glance was upwards at the cold fleecy clouds, which as by some optical delusion appeared to stand still, while the steeple, the weathercock, and our two selves were carried swiftly along. Far away on one side could be seen the grassy plain, while on the other lay the sea bathed in translucent light. The Sund, or Sound as we call it, could be discovered beyond the point of Elsinore, crowded with white sails, which, at that distance looked like the wings of seagulls; while to the east could be made out the far-off coast of Sweden. The whole appeared a magic panorama. But faint and bewildered as I was, there was no remedy for it. Rise and stand up I must. Despite my protestations my first lesson lasted quite an hour. When, nearly two hours later, I reached the bosom of mother earth, I was like a rheumatic old man bent double with pain. "Enough for one day," said my uncle, rubbing his hands, "we will begin again tomorrow." There was no remedy. My lessons lasted five days, and at the end of that period, I ascended blithely enough, and found myself able to look down into the depths below without even winking, and with some degree of pleasure. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (2006). A Journey to the Center of the Earth. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/18857/18857-h/18857-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

FIRST LESSONS IN CLIMBING

The Story-book of Science by Jean-Henri Fabre, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE SUN CHAPTER LIV. THE SUN EARLY in the morning Uncle Paul and his nephews climbed the neighboring hill to see the sunrise. It was still quite dark. The only persons they met in passing through the village were the milkmaid, on her way to town with her butter and milk, and the blacksmith hammering away at the red-hot iron on his anvil, while the glow from the forge illumined the darkness of the road. The Sun Sheltered by a clump of juniper-trees, Paul and the three children await the grand spectacle they have come to the top of the hill to see. In the east the sky is getting lighter, the stars turn pale and go out one by one. Flakes of rosy cloud swim in a brilliant streak of light whence gradually there rises a soft illumination. It reaches the zenith, and the blue of day reappears with all its delicate transparency. This cool morning light, this half-daylight that precedes the rising of the sun, is the aurora or morning twilight. In the meantime a lark, the joy of the fields, takes wing to the highest clouds, like a rocket, and is the first to salute the awakening day. It mounts and mounts, always singing, as if to get in front of the sun; and with its enthusiastic songs it celebrates in the high heavens the glory of the day-bringer. Listen: there is a breath of wind in the foliage, which stirs and rustles; the little birds are waking up and chirping; the ox, already led to work in the fields, stops as if thinking, raises its large eyes full of gentleness, and lows; everything becomes animated, and, in its own language, renders thanks to the Master of all things, who with His powerful hand brings us back the sun. And here it is: a bright thread of light bursts forth, and the tops of the mountains are suddenly illumined. It is the edge of the sun beginning to rise. The earth trembles before the radiant apparition. The shining disc keeps rising: there it is almost whole, now completely so, like a grindstone of red-hot iron. The mist of the morning moderates its glare and allows one to look it in the face; but soon no one could endure its dazzling splendor. In the meantime its rays inundate the plain; a gentle heat succeeds the keen freshness of the night; the mists rise from the depths of the valleys and are dissipated; the dew, gathered on the leaves, becomes warm and evaporates; on all sides there is a resumption of life, of the animation suspended during the night. And all day, pursuing its course from east to west, the sun moves on, flooding the earth with light and heat, ripening the yellow harvest, giving perfume to the flowers, taste to fruit, life to every creature. Then Uncle Paul, in the shade of the juniper-trees, began his talk. “What is the sun? Is it large, is it very far away? That, my children, is what I should now like to teach you. “To measure the distance from one point to another, you know of only one means: that of laying off, as many times as it will go, the unit of length, the meter, from one end to the other of the distance to be measured. But science has methods adapted to the measuring of distances that one cannot travel in person; it tells us what must be done to find the height of a tower or mountain, without going to the top, without even approaching the base. They are methods of the same kind as are employed to calculate the distance that separates us from the sun. The result of the astronomer’s calculations is that we are distant from the sun 38 millions of leagues of 4000 meters each. This distance is equivalent to 3800 times the circumference of the earth. I told you that, to make the tour of the terrestrial globe, a man, a good walker, capable of walking ten leagues a day, would take about three years. He would need, then, nearly twelve thousand years to go from the earth to the sun, supposing that the journey were possible. The longest human life is incomparably too short for a journey of this length ever to be accomplished by one person; and a hundred generations of a hundred years each, succeeding one another on the journey and uniting their efforts, would not even be enough.” “And a locomotive,” asked Jules, “how long would it take to get over that distance?” “Do you remember how fast it goes?” “I saw it myself the day we took the trip with you. If one looks out, the road seems to fly back so fast it frightens you and makes you dizzy.” “The locomotive that drew us went at the rate of about ten leagues an hour. Let us suppose a locomotive that never stops and that goes still faster, or fifteen leagues an hour. Rushing at that speed, the engine would go from one end of France to the other in less than a day; and yet, to cover the distance from the earth to the sun, it would take more than three centuries. For such a journey, the fastest engine ever made by the hand of man is hardly more than a sluggish snail ambitious to make the tour of the world.” “And I who thought, not long ago,” said Emile, “that by climbing to the roof and with the aid of a long reed I could touch the sun!” “To one who trusts to appearances the sun is only a dazzling disc, at the most as large as a grindstone.” “That is what I said yesterday,” observed Jules. “But, as it is so far away, it might well be as large as a millstone.” “In the first place, the sun is not flat like a grindstone; it has, like the earth, the shape of a ball. Furthermore, it is much larger than a grindstone, or even than a millstone. “Objects seem to us small in proportion to their distance from us, until finally they become invisible. A high mountain seen from afar seems only a moderate-sized hill; the cross that surmounts a steeple, seen from below, looks very small despite its very large dimensions. It is the same with the sun: it looks so small only because it is very far off; and as the distance is prodigious, its size must be excessive; if not, instead of looking to us like a dazzling grindstone, it would cease to be visible to us. “You found the terrestrial globe enormous; and, despite my comparisons, your imagination, I am sure, has not been able to picture things properly. How will it be with the sun, which is one million four hundred thousand times as large as the earth! If we suppose the sun hollow like a spherical box, to fill it would take one million four hundred thousand balls the size of the earth. “Let us try another comparison. To fill the measure of capacity called the liter, it takes about 10,000 grains of wheat. It would take, then, 100,000 to fill 10 liters or one decaliter, and 1,400,000 to fill 14 decaliters. Well, suppose in one pile 14 decaliters of wheat, and beside it one solitary grain of wheat. For the respective sizes, this isolated grain represents the earth; the pile of 14 decaliters represents the sun.” “How wrong we were!” Claire exclaimed. “This little shining disc, to which, for fear of exaggeration, we should have hesitated to assign the dimensions of a millwheel, is a globe so big that in comparison with its gigantic size the earth is as nothing.” “Oh, God in heaven!” cried Jules. “Yes, my friend, you may well say, ‘God in heaven,’ for the mind is bewildered at the thought of this inconceivable mass. Say: God in heaven! how great You are, You who out of nothing have created the sun and the earth, and hold them both in the shadow of Your hand! “I have not finished, my dear children. One day, in speaking to you of lightning and thunder, I told you that light moves with excessive rapidity. In fact, to come to us from the sun, to cover the distance that a locomotive at its highest speed would take three hundred years to cover, a ray of light needs only the half of a quarter of an hour, or about eight minutes. Now listen to this. Astronomy teaches us that each star, small as it may appear from here, is itself a sun comparable in size to ours; it tells us that these suns, of which we with the naked eye can perceive only a very small part, are so numerous that it is impossible to count them; it tells us that their distance is so great that, to come to us from the nearest star, light, which travels so fast, as I have just told you, takes nearly four years; to reach us from others that are by no means the most distant it takes whole centuries. After that, if you can, estimate the distance that separates us from those far-off suns; think also of their number and size. But no, do not try: the intellect is overwhelmed by these immensities in which is revealed all the majesty of God’s handiwork. Do not try, it would be in vain; but let arise from your heart the burst of admiration that you cannot suppress, and bless God, whose infinite power has scattered suns through the boundless regions of celestial space.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jean-Henri Fabre (2018). The Story-book of Science. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/56795/pg56795-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

Uncle Paul and his nephews climbed the neighboring hill to see the sunrise

The Life of the Spider by Jean-Henri Fabre, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE NARBONNE LYCOSA: THE CLIMBING-INSTINCT CHAPTER VI: THE NARBONNE LYCOSA: THE CLIMBING-INSTINCT The month of March comes to an end; and the departure of the youngsters begins, in glorious weather, during the hottest hours of the morning. Laden with her swarming burden, the mother Lycosa is outside her burrow, squatting on the parapet at the entrance. She lets them do as they please; as though indifferent to what is happening, she exhibits neither encouragement nor regret. Whoso will goes; whoso will remains behind. First these, then those, according as they feel themselves duly soaked with sunshine, the little ones leave the mother in batches, run about for a moment on the ground and then quickly reach the trellis-work of the cage, which they climb with surprising alacrity. They pass through the meshes, they clamber right to the top of the citadel. All, with not one exception, make for the heights, instead of roaming on the ground, as might reasonably be expected from the eminently earthly habits of the Lycosae; all ascend the dome, a strange procedure whereof I do not yet guess the object. I receive a hint from the upright ring that finishes the top of the cage. The youngsters hurry to it. It represents the porch of their gymnasium. They hang out threads across the opening; they stretch others from the ring to the nearest points of the trellis-work. On these foot-bridges, they perform slack-rope exercises amid endless comings and goings. The tiny legs open out from time to time and straddle as though to reach the most distant points. I begin to realize that they are acrobats aiming at loftier heights than those of the dome. I top the trellis with a branch that doubles the attainable height. The bustling crowd hastily scrambles up it, reaches the tip of the topmost twigs and thence sends out threads that attach themselves to every surrounding object. These form so many suspension-bridges; and my beasties nimbly run along them, incessantly passing to and fro. One would say that they wished to climb higher still. I will endeavour to satisfy their desires. I take a nine-foot reed, with tiny branches spreading right up to the top, and place it above the cage. The little Lycosae clamber to the very summit. Here, longer threads are produced from the rope-yard and are now left to float, anon converted into bridges by the mere contact of the free end with the neighbouring supports. The rope-dancers embark upon them and form garlands which the least breath of air swings daintily. The thread is invisible when it does not come between the eyes and the sun; and the whole suggests rows of Gnats dancing an aerial ballet. Then, suddenly, teased by the air-currents, the delicate mooring breaks and flies through space. Behold the emigrants off and away, clinging to their thread. If the wind be favourable, they can land at great distances. Their departure is thus continued for a week or two, in bands more or less numerous, according to the temperature and the brightness of the day. If the sky be overcast, none dreams of leaving. The travellers need the kisses of the sun, which give energy and vigour. At last, the whole family has disappeared, carried afar by its flying-ropes. The mother remains alone. The loss of her offspring hardly seems to distress her. She retains her usual colour and plumpness, which is a sign that the maternal exertions have not been too much for her. I also notice an increased fervour in the chase. While burdened with her family, she was remarkably abstemious, accepting only with great reserve the game placed at her disposal. The coldness of the season may have militated against copious refections; perhaps also the weight of the little ones hampered her movements and made her more discreet in attacking the prey. To-day, cheered by the fine weather and able to move freely, she hurries up from her lair each time I set a tit-bit to her liking buzzing at the entrance to her burrow; she comes and takes from my fingers the savoury Locust, the portly Anoxia; and this performance is repeated daily, whenever I have the leisure to devote to it. After a frugal winter, the time has come for plentiful repasts. {26} This appetite tells us that the animal is not at the point of death; one does not feast in this way with a played-out stomach. My boarders are entering in full vigour upon their fourth year. In the winter, in the fields, I used to find large mothers, carting their young, and others not much more than half their size. The whole series, therefore, represented three generations. And now, in my earthenware pans, after the departure of the family, the old matrons still carry on and continue as strong as ever. Every outward appearance tells us that, after becoming great-grandmothers, they still keep themselves fit for propagating their species. The facts correspond with these anticipations. When September returns, my captives are dragging a bag as bulky as that of last year. For a long time, even when the eggs of the others have been hatched for some weeks past, the mothers come daily to the threshold of the burrow and hold out their wallets for incubation by the sun. Their perseverance is not rewarded: nothing issues from the satin purse; nothing stirs within. Why? Because, in the prison of my cages, the eggs have had no father. Tired of waiting and at last recognizing the barrenness of their produce, they push the bag of eggs outside the burrow and trouble about it no more. At the return of spring, by which time the family, if developed according to rule, would have been emancipated, they die. The mighty Spider of the waste-lands, therefore, attains to an even more patriarchal age than her neighbour the Sacred Beetle: she lives for five years at the very least. {27} Let us leave the mothers to their business and return to the youngsters. It is not without a certain surprise that we see the little Lycosae, at the first moment of their emancipation, hasten to ascend the heights. Destined to live on the ground, amidst the short grass, and afterwards to settle in the permanent abode, a pit, they start by being enthusiastic acrobats. Before descending to the low levels, their normal dwelling-place, they affect lofty altitudes. To rise higher and ever higher is their first need. I have not, it seems, exhausted the limit of their climbing-instinct even with a nine-foot pole, suitably furnished with branches to facilitate the escalade. Those who have eagerly reached the very top wave their legs, fumble in space as though for yet higher stalks. It behoves us to begin again and under better conditions. Although the Narbonne Lycosa, with her temporary yearning for the heights, is more interesting than other Spiders, by reason of the fact that her usual habitation is underground, she is not so striking at swarming-time, because the youngsters, instead of all migrating at once, leave the mother at different periods and in small batches. The sight will be a finer one with the common Garden or Cross Spider, the Diadem Epeira (Epeira diadema, LIN.), decorated with three white crosses on her back. She lays her eggs in November and dies with the first cold snap. She is denied the Lycosa’s longevity. She leaves the natal wallet early one spring and never sees the following spring. This wallet, which contains the eggs, has none of the ingenious structure which we admired in the Banded and in the Silky Epeira. No longer do we see a graceful balloon-shape nor yet a paraboloid with a starry base; no longer a tough, waterproof satin stuff; no longer a swan’s-down resembling a fleecy, russet cloud; no longer an inner keg in which the eggs are packed. The art of stout fabrics and of walls within walls is unknown here. The work of the Cross Spider is a pill of white silk, wrought into a yielding felt, through which the new-born Spiders will easily work their way, without the aid of the mother, long since dead, and without having to rely upon its bursting at the given hour. It is about the size of a damson. We can judge the method of manufacture from the structure. Like the Lycosa, whom we saw, in Chapter III., at work in one of my earthenware pans, the Cross Spider, on the support supplied by a few threads stretched between the nearest objects, begins by making a shallow saucer of sufficient thickness to dispense with subsequent corrections. The process is easily guessed. The tip of the abdomen goes up and down, down and up with an even beat, while the worker shifts her place a little. Each time, the spinnerets add a bit of thread to the carpet already made. When the requisite thickness is obtained, the mother empties her ovaries, in one continuous flow, into the centre of the bowl. Glued together by their inherent moisture, the eggs, of a handsome orange-yellow, form a ball-shaped heap. The work of the spinnerets is resumed. The ball of germs is covered with a silk cap, fashioned in the same way as the saucer. The two halves of the work are so well joined that the whole constitutes an unbroken sphere. The Banded Epeira and the Silky Epeira, those experts in the manufacture of rainproof textures, lay their eggs high up, on brushwood and bramble, without shelter of any kind. The thick material of the wallets is enough to protect the eggs from the inclemencies of the winter, especially from damp. The Diadem Epeira, or Cross Spider, needs a cranny for hers, which is contained in a non-waterproof felt. In a heap of stones, well exposed to the sun, she will choose a large slab to serve as a roof. She lodges her pill underneath it, in the company of the hibernating Snail. More often still, she prefers the thick tangle of some dwarf shrub, standing eight or nine inches high and retaining its leaves in winter. In the absence of anything better, a tuft of grass answers the purpose. Whatever the hiding-place, the bag of eggs is always near the ground, tucked away as well as may be, amid the surrounding twigs. Save in the case of the roof supplied by a large stone, we see that the site selected hardly satisfies proper hygienic needs. The Epeira seems to realize this fact. By way of an additional protection, even under a stone, she never fails to make a thatched roof for her eggs. She builds them a covering with bits of fine, dry grass, joined together with a little silk. The abode of the eggs becomes a straw wigwam. Good luck procures me two Cross Spiders’ nests, on the edge of one of the paths in the enclosure, among some tufts of ground-cypress, or lavender-cotton. This is just what I wanted for my plans. The find is all the more valuable as the period of the exodus is near at hand. I prepare two lengths of bamboo, standing about fifteen feet high and clustered with little twigs from top to bottom. I plant one of them straight up in the tuft, beside the first nest. I clear the surrounding ground, because the bushy vegetation might easily, thanks to threads carried by the wind, divert the emigrants from the road which I have laid out for them. The other bamboo I set up in the middle of the yard, all by itself, some few steps from any outstanding object. The second nest is removed as it is, shrub and all, and placed at the bottom of the tall, ragged distaff. The events expected are not long in coming. In the first fortnight in May, a little earlier in one case, a little later in the other, the two families, each presented with a bamboo climbing-pole, leave their respective wallets. There is nothing remarkable about the mode of egress. The precincts to be crossed consist of a very slack net-work, through which the outcomers wriggle: weak little orange-yellow beasties, with a triangular black patch upon their sterns. One morning is long enough for the whole family to make its appearance. By degrees, the emancipated youngsters climb the nearest twigs, clamber to the top, and spread a few threads. Soon, they gather in a compact, ball-shaped cluster, the size of a walnut. They remain motionless. With their heads plunged into the heap and their sterns projecting, they doze gently, mellowing under the kisses of the sun. Rich in the possession of a thread in their belly as their sole inheritance, they prepare to disperse over the wide world. Let us create a disturbance among the globular group by stirring it with a straw. All wake up at once. The cluster softly dilates and spreads, as though set in motion by some centrifugal force; it becomes a transparent orb wherein thousands and thousands of tiny legs quiver and shake, while threads are extended along the way to be followed. The whole work resolves itself into a delicate veil which swallows up the scattered family. We then see an exquisite nebula against whose opalescent tapestry the tiny animals gleam like twinkling orange stars. This straggling state, though it last for hours, is but temporary. If the air grow cooler, if rain threaten, the spherical group reforms at once. This is a protective measure. On the morning after a shower, I find the families on either bamboo in as good condition as on the day before. The silk veil and the pill formation have sheltered them well enough from the downpour. Even so do Sheep, when caught in a storm in the pastures, gather close, huddle together and make a common rampart of their backs. The assembly into a ball-shaped mass is also the rule in calm, bright weather, after the morning’s exertions. In the afternoon, the climbers collect at a higher point, where they weave a wide, conical tent, with the end of a shoot for its top, and, gathered into a compact group, spend the night there. Next day, when the heat returns, the ascent is resumed in long files, following the shrouds which a few pioneers have rigged and which those who come after elaborate with their own work. Collected nightly into a globular troop and sheltered under a fresh tent, for three or four days, each morning, before the sun grows too hot, my little emigrants thus raise themselves, stage by stage, on both bamboos, until they reach the sun-unit, at fifteen feet above the ground. The climb comes to an end for lack of foothold. Under normal conditions, the ascent would be shorter. The young Spiders have at their disposal the bushes, the brushwood, providing supports on every side for the threads wafted hither and thither by the eddying air-currents. With these rope-bridges flung across space, the dispersal presents no difficulties. Each emigrant leaves at his own good time and travels as suits him best. My devices have changed these conditions somewhat. My two bristling poles stand at a distance from the surrounding shrubs, especially the one which I planted in the middle of the yard. Bridges are out of the question, for the threads flung into the air are not long enough. And so the acrobats, eager to get away, keep on climbing, never come down again, are impelled to seek in a higher position what they have failed to find in a lower. The top of my two bamboos probably fails to represent the limit of what my keen climbers are capable of achieving. We shall see, in a moment, the object of this climbing-propensity, which is a sufficiently remarkable instinct in the Garden Spiders, who have as their domain the low-growing brushwood wherein their nets are spread; it becomes a still more remarkable instinct in the Lycosa, who, except at the moment when she leaves her mother’s back, never quits the ground and yet, in the early hours of her life, shows herself as ardent a wooer of high places as the young Garden Spiders. Let us consider the Lycosa in particular. In her, at the moment of the exodus, a sudden instinct arises, to disappear, as promptly and for ever, a few hours later. This is the climbing-instinct, which is unknown to the adult and soon forgotten by the emancipated youngling, doomed to wander homeless, for many a long day, upon the ground. Neither of them dreams of climbing to the top of a grass-stalk. The full-grown Spider hunts trapper-fashion, ambushed in her tower; the young one hunts afoot through the scrubby grass. In both cases there is no web and therefore no need for lofty contact-points. They are not allowed to quit the ground and climb the heights. Yet here we have the young Lycosa, wishing to leave the maternal abode and to travel far afield by the easiest and swiftest methods, suddenly becoming an enthusiastic climber. Impetuously she scales the wire trellis of the cage where she was born; hurriedly she clambers to the top of the tall mast which I have prepared for her. In the same way, she would make for the summit of the bushes in her waste-land. We catch a glimpse of her object. From on high, finding a wide space beneath her, she sends a thread floating. It is caught by the wind and carries her hanging to it. We have our aeroplanes; she too possesses her flying-machine. Once the journey is accomplished, naught remains of this ingenious business. The climbing-instinct conies suddenly, at the hour of need, and no less suddenly vanishes. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jean-Henri Fabre (1999). The Life of the Spider. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1887/pg1887-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE NARBONNE LYCOSA: THE CLIMBING-INSTINCT

Hook and Root-Climbers.—Concluding Remarks

Leaf-Climbers

The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants by Charles Darwin, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. Read this book online for free on HackerNoon! : The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants Title : Charles Darwin Author : January 1, 2001 [EBook #2485] Release Date : English Language Table of Links Preface THE MOVEMENTS AND HABITS OF CLIMBING PLANTS. CHAPTER Twining Plants. Leaf-Climbers Tendril-Bearers Tendril-Beared-( ) continued. Hook and Root-Climbers.-Concluding Remarks. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Charles Darwin (2001). The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/2485/pg2485-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants by Charles Darwin - Table of Links

https://leetcode.com/problems/single-number/?embedable=true Description: Given a array of integers , every element appears except for one. Find that single one. non-empty nums twice You must implement a solution with a linear runtime complexity and use only constant extra space. Example 1: Input: nums = [2,2,1]
Output: 1 Example 2: Input: nums = [4,1,2,1,2]
Output: 4 Example 3: Input: nums = [1]
Output: 1 Solution: Hello everyone. I’m not a big fan of bit operations, but sometimes they can be useful. Like in the current problem. Have you ever heard about XOR(^) operation? You should know that 1 xor 1 will be 0 For example: 10010 XOR 01110 result 11100 Is it clear? Bit more 11 ^ 10 = 01 Let’s use it in our current problem. We know that all numbers appear twice except one. We can iterate over an array and eliminate elements. Example: [1,2,3,1,2] → 1 ^ 2 ^ 1 ^ 2 = 0 and 0 ^ 3 will be 3. That is it. public int singleNumber(int[] nums) {
    int rez = 0;
    for(int i : nums){
        rez^=i;
    }
    return rez;
} And our next problem is Climbing Stairs https://leetcode.com/problems/climbing-stairs/ Description: You are climbing a staircase. It takes n steps to reach the top. Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top? Example 1: Input: n = 2
Output: 2
Explanation: There are two ways to climb to the top.
1. 1 step + 1 step
2. 2 steps Example 2: Input: n = 3
Output: 3
Explanation: There are three ways to climb to the top.

1 step + 1 step + 1 step
1 step + 2 steps
2 steps + 1 step Solution: Looks like we have 2 base cases for 1 step and 2 steps. And in a 3-step stair, we have to use previous calculations. That is mean it can be a dynamic programming (DP) problem. Usually, in DP problems we create an array or other data structure to save prev step results. Next, we must fill it with base values. In our case we put into arr[0] = 1 (one variant for added with one stair) and arr[1] = 1 (step for 2 stairs). And then we iterate till the n and use calculations from previous steps. For example 1: n = 2.

It is obvious that for 2 stairs we have 2 variants:

The first variant is to use 2 steps by one, and the second variant is to use 2 steps stride. 

The result will be 2.  dp[2] = dp[i-2] + dp[i-1] = 1 + 1 = 2; For example 2: n = 4.

Use results from prev example.
n = 2
The result will be 2.  dp[2] = dp[i-2] + dp[i-1] = 1 + 1 = 2;
dp[] = [1,1,2]

n = 3
dp[3] = dp[3-2] + dp[3-1] = 2 + 1 = 3;
dp[] = [1,1,2,3]

n = 4
dp[[4] = dp[4-2] + dp[4-1] = 2 + 3 = 5;
dp[] = [1,1,2,3,5] Ok, hope it is clear. And sure let’s code it: public int climbStairs(int n) {
    int[] dp = new int[n + 1];
    dp[0] = 1;
    dp[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + dp[i - 2];
    }
    return dp[n];
} If you read it till the end, please add your reactions. It is really important for me. Learn more on https://t.me/crack_code_interview

Solving the Single Number and Climbing Stairs Coding Challenge

Ranking on the first page of search engines is a dream come true for many businesses. The experience is nothing less than fascinating, but it requires a lot of effort to get there. Things are even more difficult if you're just getting started. Startups often compete with bigger or known companies on the targeted keywords. These companies are often more resourceful and have a better know-how of industry best practices. So, it can be overwhelming to keep up. Climbing SERPs may not be easy but consistency in your efforts helps you get there eventually. This may take some time as you'd be working your way from the ground up. So, patience is the key. Around of people click only on the first 5 search results displayed. So, your goal should be to rank at least among the top 5. 67% How to do that? Here are a few tips that can help you get started. 1. Target the Right Keywords Keywords are important. And choosing the right ones helps you climb the SERPs efficiently. Keywords make up the queries your target audience use to seek desired information via search results. And since your content addresses a particular query, search engines rank your page higher among recommendations. Startups make a common mistake of trying to target all keyword possibilities, even if they don't distantly relate to what they do. This often backfires and they fail to become an authority on any of the keywords they target. Selection of the right keywords requires planning and careful consideration. You have to keep your niche in the center when exploring prospects and ignore the fancy stuff. Once you've found the right keywords, create content around them. This will add relevance to your content and make it easier for you to rank higher on the targeted queries. 2. Produce Quality Content Content is king. As per Google's guidelines, the search engine prefers quality content over all other things. That's why around of the leaders consider content as the core of their marketing strategy. 81% Your content should cover all important aspects of the topic you're writing on. See if your content has the topical depth to surpass others targeting the same keywords. Search engines prefer content that helps readers find the solutions that they seek. So, catering to your target audience's queries in detail helps. Search engines also consider user experience when ranking content. So, your content should be fresh, readable, and easy to comprehend. Content serves no purpose if it doesn't facilitate users but rather overwhelms them. So, keep it simple. Take inspiration from industry best practices and optimize your content as per search engine guidelines. 3. Build Quality Backlinks Building quality links is another strategy that helps you climb the SERPs. Around of the websites are deprived of organic traffic for not having backlinks. 91% Quality backlinks determine your authority concerning particular search queries or keywords. They fuel your rankings as search engines consider your site among the top recommendations for certain user queries. But don't go overboard when building links. Build the ones that are of quality and avoid spamming at all costs. Almost all search engines have no tolerance policy for spammy links, especially Google. Google views it as an illicit practice to boost search rankings and won't hesitate to penalize your site if found guilty. And since Google controls around of the search engine market share, you have to pay heed to their say on the matter. Quality over quantity should be your motto. 93% 4. Use External Links People often shy away from adding external links to their content. They think that it increases the chances of users bouncing from the site. It's a common misconception. There are many reputable sites that publish well-researched content. And you can use their findings to make your content even more engaging. Using their research in your content to address the queries of your target audience saves a lot of time and effort. But you will you to add a link to the source. If not, the search engines would flag your content and penalize your site. With a no external links policy, you're technically missing out on all the valuable content that you can use without having to worry about repercussions. This can also be an excellent opportunity to exchange quality links. Since you linked another site, it's likely for them to give you a backlink also. 5. Optimize Images Images have a significant impact on your search engine rankings. But, people often neglect optimizing images even though they are part of your content. There are a few best practices to consider here. Adding a title to the images using appropriate keywords is necessary. Would you write a blog without giving it a title? Of course not. Then why do it for the images? Do not leave the alt text field blank. It helps you describe your images. So, even if your website is unable to load the media, the user experience is not affected. Using high-resolution images improves the user experience, but try not to go overboard with this. Also, do not use crowded pictures or images with gradient backgrounds. Using heavy images will increase your site's load time which eventually affects its ranking. Compression tools are a great help here. But if you're not careful, you end up using pixelated images. So, try to keep a balance between image size and quality. 6. Reduce Load Time Your website's load time is of critical importance. Around of visitors will leave if a site fails to load within 3 seconds. This not only affects your rankings in the long run but also your website's acquisition. 53% As said earlier, using optimized images has a huge impact on improving your site's load time. But things are not always that simple. Sometimes, the issues are a bit more technical. Start with issues that are more easily identified like using heavy media files, running too many ads, a subpar hosting service, etc. All these things can increase the load time and affect the way search engines view your site. So there you have it. The tips to help you climb the SERPs. There are other factors that you might need to consider if you're aiming for the first spot. But these strategies should be enough to get you started.

6 Tips to Climb the SERPs for Startups

You don't have to be big to make an impact. This is what the story of Grammarly, a grammar-checking software startup, proved. It is one of the most popular and successful startups in Silicon Valley, with over 30 million daily users worldwide. It's safe to say that this company has been wildly successful! Although other well-known applications have an integrated spell and grammar check, none seem to be providing a complete and comprehensive service to users. The people behind Grammarly saw this technical issue and built the company from the ground up solely with that idea. How did Grammarly grow from being a small startup to such an international sensation? Here are the things that you should know. Humble Beginnings Max Lytvyn, Alex Shevchenko, and Dmytro Lider started Grammarly at the University of California-Berkeley in 2009. Their goal was to create a device that would help people with poor grammar become better writers and excel more in their careers. Grammarly is not your average startup company. It did not start as a freemium business as we all know now. Rather, it was monetized backward. The journey wasn't an easy one. It took Grammarly six years to make its way out of the garage and into the mainstream market. At the time, the team received $110 million in investments for research, development, and marketing campaigns designed to attract customers worldwide. It was well worth it. Today, over 20 different language versions are available on Grammarly's website, including different English variations, Spanish (Latin American), French, and German. How the Business Prospered While Grammarly had its fair share of struggles, it did have some key strategies that helped make its business successful. Let’s tackle each of the variables which contributed to the company’s success. Freemium Business Model One strategy was to use a freemium business model and offer free services as well as paid ones. By doing this, they could appeal to those who are serious about writing and casual users. Since many people see grammar-checking software as something you can only benefit from if you're in school or at work, using a freemium business model helps ease the market into having such software available for them on demand. Growth Over Revenue Mindset Another essential strategy Grammarly uses is by focusing on growth over revenue when necessary. The company invested a lot of money in research and development, as well as marketing campaigns. Even though they didn't have steady revenue at the time, Grammarly still chose to invest heavily into their business because it was more critical for them to grow quickly than worry about making immediate profit. User-Driven Functionality Grammarly values the feedback of customers. There are many different features that Grammarly provides for its users, and they improve these by getting their feedback. There is an integrated option in the application for the user to indicate if the correction is valid. Personalization Every user has an individual style and communication goals. With this, Grammarly focused its software on providing personalization. Grammarly uses Search and language statistics to provide personalized content for the users. The company has employed a data-driven approach to identify which language is most appropriate in different contexts. This, along with their ability to search from various sources of information, make Grammarly more reliable than other grammar applications on the market today! Marketing Strategies Marketing is a vital part of a business. Here are the three main marketing strategies which helped Grammarly boost its presence worldwide: Social Media Marketing Grammarly uses social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. They used these platforms for generating revenue by showing relevant ads on user feeds based on their interests. The ads posted helped increase user engagement with the software since they were in the format of jokes, tips, and comics which shows that language is fun. Product Positioning Grammarly focused on its audience by understanding their needs. They realized that there is no need to create a premium product for people who ignore grammar and spelling mistakes in the first place. They also understood that only those with deep pockets would use a premium product if they provided a paid service. By positioning itself as a freemium business model company, Grammarly could attract anyone looking for help regarding writing errors which helped increase revenue over time through enhanced user engagement and referral programs! Email Marketing To further appeal to new users, Grammarly used email marketing. They sent out targeted emails to people who had already visited the site or purchased an account. The company has rules for when and how often they send emails since most companies have restrictions due to legalities and spamming concerns. Key Takeaways From Grammarly's Success Grammarly has set goals that they aim to achieve every year. These goals have been beneficial in the progress of the business and will continue to remain vital as time goes on. Incorporate SMART Goals: This not only helps you build up revenue but also allows your brand to grow in the long run. Use a freemium business model to attract new users: Customers love when companies ask them questions about how they feel and what changes they would like to see. Customers feel listened to, and their feedback is invaluable. Be open with feedback: The more active you are online, the better chance you have of growing your business at lightning speed! Grammarly took advantage of all sorts of free marketing, including social posts across all mediums and blogging, by making sure everything about them was available across the internet. Be social: Final Thoughts Grammarly has created and then dominated the market for easily accessible, one-stop-shop writing tools and is continuing doing so. The company’s success story is inspiring because it shows that you don't need years of experience or money behind you for your product or idea to become successful… just good ideas, determination, and hard work.

How Grammarly Climbed Its Way to 30 Million Daily Users Worldwide

Going from individual contributor to leader crosses most engineers’ minds at some point. It’s a new responsibility that requires a different skill set. Leading a team is one way of magnifying your impact on a product’s success by taking the helm and enabling others to be their best selves. It can be a change in direction for shaking up your own career growth. Below I outline the path from engineer to the leader and beyond and cover some common pitfalls to avoid on the journey.  The end goal is to keep learning and become a (a leader with broad talents and a strong mixture of technical and managerial expertise). renaissance manager Leadership can be a bumpy road, and .  You will want to proactively choose your leadership path, and you need to understand what new skills to learn over time to become effective. Communicate your intent to your own manager and their manager, too, to open up opportunities. Management is a steep learning curve and an exciting career choice. It is easy to make a poor fist of it and take years to move from mediocre to good if you don’t . Just as engineers can have ten years of tenure but only the same one-year growth repeated ten times, leaders are the same. it is not something you should just fall into actively curate good practice I recommend you achieve the senior engineer stage before attempting to lead an engineering team.  Once you have begun your transition, aim to continuously improve by completing training courses, reading articles and books, listening to podcasts, seeking out feedback, and get different mentors from time to time. Observe your own managers and how they are being effective or could be more effective. This observational practice starts to focus your mind on great people practices and what to avoid. Foster your skills You can learn some of the skills upfront while you are still a full-time individual contributor. Step away from the keyboard and participate in your company committees for voluntary, sports fun events or organize meet-ups.  Being part of a committee of like-minded people serves to broaden your network, exposes you to leading others, and provides an opportunity to communicate in new ways and mediums to diverse audiences about non-technical topics. You can volunteer to organize your own team’s fun/informational events or take on mentoring assignments of more junior team members. In order to self-motivate and make progress, set achievable goals that you agree on and share with your manager. Repeat this as many times as you require, and if you are not growing new skills, then it’s an indicator you are ready. You will never know it all and definitely will not know everything the first time, so take the plunge. Moving away from where you are an expert can be a jarring experience, especially if you are expected to handle a new leadership role alongside your old engineering role. This is a common stepping stone, and it can be a difficult transition. The hands-on manager is often the first phase of management experience. A new hands-on manager has to learn that they need to develop the team into a cohesive, highly functioning unit and avoid a common anti-pattern of being the primary implementer.  During this phase, you continue to act as technical lead on projects. Still, you also need to look after the team's administration, including budgets, holiday scheduling, reporting status upwards, hiring, salary reviews, performance coaching, 1-2-1s etc… You can flounder for years at this stage because you need to do two roles, the one you know well and the new leadership role. The trap is that you don’t evolve beyond basic leadership skills. Valuing your technical skills way more than people management as your own technical input allows your team to deliver. Don’t spend all your time learning new technologies. Balance your growth with new management skills. If you are that you have been an individual contributor to, then have conversations with each of your new direct reports and talk about the change in your role. You must balance the company's priorities with those of your team members to create a harmonious environment.  It can take time for colleagues to see you in your new role. You are not the leader until they do, and it’s only when you act as the leader that they will. You may want to change something symbolically, like wear slightly more formal clothes until you fit the new role comfortably (Swap the t-shirt for a plaid shirt, or sneakers for brogues). It’s important that once you are accepted as a teams leader that you lean in. By this statement, I mean that you should converse with the team members as before and still objectively perform your leadership role. It’s like swapping hats. Know when you need to wear your manager hat and when you can take it off. Once you are a manager, the manager hat might have to be put on between breaths, but you must learn how to take it off. taking on the leadership of an existing team Servant leadership is often a good goal to enable the mental shift from an individual contributor. Encouraging others to input into solutions, nurturing trust, and fostering leadership. That being said, you need to carve out time to continually uplevel yourself, while supporting the team. Servant leadership does not mean you are the team’s dogsbody; you are its leader. If you are the dogsbody, then you are not delegating sufficiently. Self-care is really important! is by Increasing your awareness of your own behaviors. through surveys and asking for direct feedback on some of the key components of good management practices. Among your first goals as a new manager is to make your team highly effective. Identify processes, people skills, and tooling that may be impacting your team performance and fix those issues first. The below chart outlines a set of skills you will need to build up to be highly effective in your new management role. I have placed kindness at the top, always place people before work deliveries. If a person has a personal crisis, give them the space and support they need to get past it and return to a valuable contributor. Take training courses on the management skills outlined below. Interviewing, 1-2-1s, project management, coaching, conflict resolution, and find one or more mentors to ask questions on these skillsets. The way to progress as a leader Encouraging feedback To you must learn how to and let go of control of implementations by providing overall direction. This can be difficult if you are the most expert engineer on the team, but now, more than ever, you need to develop other team members into the best engineers they can be. Ask them questions on their chosen implementation rather than provide direct solutions. You must stop thinking like an individual contributor. It’s . avoid micromanagement delegate, build trust with your team no longer about your accomplishments but the teams’ accomplishments This is one of the most difficult mental changes most successful engineers taking on a new manager role struggle to make, especially if they still have both feet in the technical implementation. You have to see the team’s success as your reward. Acknowledge their accomplishments often and praise them upwards and outwards. You are the advocate of the teams’ deliveries within and without in most situations. - Roadmaps Project Management & Prioritisation To be an effective leader, you require . You should ask your manager and your reports for their inputs on priorities for the deliveries of your team and align the two by adjusting the scope, timelines, or resources on the project and circle the plan back past them. This will allow you to . Take courses on project management and apply the best practices. Ask a more experienced project manager for mentorship to accelerate your learning. You must develop longer-term roadmaps to craft a vision that can be shared and used as a visual motivator. It’s fine to adjust the roadmap as priorities change. good project management and prioritization skills set your team up for success Conflict Management Teams may experience tension between individuals due to project priorities and deadlines, customers, sudden changes in directions, or external team dependencies. You must act to resolve any conflicts as early as possible. Nip them in the bud, and your team will be so much the better for it. Finding Your Purpose as a Leader An area that is rarely mentioned is the absence of being . As an engineer, you experience the zen-like experience of “in the zone” caused by uninterrupted deep concentration on a complex task assignment. If you transition into a full leadership position, managing five or more people, then the loss of time in the zone, plus the struggles of being a new leader role may lead to experiencing internal doubts relating to your purpose and self-fulfillment. A new manager needs to find a way to fill that void. It’s up to the individual on what works best for them. Side coding projects are common, especially for the hands-on manager. “in the zone” When you are leading larger teams, then time for coding projects is few and far between. At this point, explore other non-technical ways that require less time, like meditation, writing, reading, painting, exercise, gaming, etc… These are the path to becoming a renaissance leader. A leader that is great with technology, people and pursues other interests. Improving their own skillset in a complementary manner to enable better coaching of others to success. They seek out work on x-team initiatives to create larger impacts, continuously increasing their own skills in networking, communication, delegation. Conclusion In my own experience, I have learned that it’s far better to lead others when you have achieved broad and deep expertise across the software development lifecycle and gained life experience that improves your levels of People-focused leadership is key to building high-performance teams that deliver strong business value. Continuously learn and improve your leadership skills before and after is the path to transition from engineer to leadership and beyond. You know when in a professional environment is . If they had a choice, . empathy, humility, and self-awareness. you have achieved leadership when you lead people they would still choose to follow If you liked this article add a reaction. Thank you.

Climbing the Ladder: Transition From Engineer To 'Leader'

When I faced a search problem in Ruby the first thing that came to my head was a binary tree (yes, I’m a weirdo). After some search about it, I decided to create an open-source tree of my own so anyone can just download and use it in the future. Here I try to explain what makes a person use his free time to code a data structure just because. Binary trees can be dangerous What is a binary tree? (Some boring concepts) Trees are data structures that characterize a hierarchical relationship between its data — let’s call it . It means that each data set is hierarchically subordinate to the one before it. nodes I want to point three important characteristics in binary trees: 1) The first node, that we are going to call is the only node that is not subordinated to any other one; 2) each of the other nodes is a binary tree — called ; 3) the relation between nodes is a “before-after” relation. root, sub-tree So, you create the root with your first value, being it a number or a string. To add the second value you must compare it with the first one: if it comes before (being a string you compare alphabetically, being a number if it is less than the other) you create a new node to the left (that I called ), otherwise, you create a new node to the right (guess what? I called it ), creating the second level in the tree. The number of levels in your tree, or sub-tree, is called . In the example above the sub-tree at the left of the root have a depth of 2 while the one at the right has a depth of 5. The depth of the tree is 6. west east depth Example of a not balanced tree created bu inserting the numbers 3, 6, 10, 9, 5, 8, 1, 4, 7, 0 and 2 in this order. But, why should I use trees? Simple: for the oxygen, the fruits and it’s beautiful in your garden. Oh, you are asking about the data struct? Well, the answer is also simple: the search time is exponentially smaller than a simple array. If a tree is well balanced (we will talk more about it later), the number of comparisons that you have to do to find your data is, at maximum, in base 2 where n is the number of elements in the tree. In a simple array, this number is n. log n How I planted this tree First things first: I’m not a computer scientist. I’m a newbie trying to do a complex struct and show the way so some people can do it later. So some things can be different from academic concepts. With that clear, the first thing I’ve done was to code a class that will create the nodes. I called it and it has only the method. This class set the node’s value, in this case, , all the data that I want to store in the tree, in the array and a value for the and pointers. These last two will be pointing for the next nodes in the tree. Node initialize x args nil east west The next step was to create a second class, that I called BinaryTree and initialize the tree’s root as nil. The first method in this class is the one to insert the values in the tree. It is not complicated. You always start to look at the root. If it is nil you create it with your value and your data (x and args in this code). If not you compare both values. In case of a “before value”, you go for the node pointed by the root’s west, else go for the east. You repeat it until finding a nil node. The second needed method is the method. It works the same as to find the nil node in the insert method, compare your value with the node’s one. If equal return true, else go to east or west depending on the comparison. If the method finds nil it returns false. search The last needed method is the balance method, but this a topic for another time. The Balance Method Is it another time already? Ok, let’s talk about the balance method. The search method in a binary tree is as efficient as its . In the best scenario, the number of nodes in the tree is between and ( So, if you have a depth of 6, like in our example, the number of elements should be between 32 and 63. In the worst case, it became as inefficient as a list and we don’t want this. depth 2 ^ (depth — 1) 2 ^ depth) — 1. How worrying is an unbalanced tree. A balanced tree is the one where the difference between the depth of both subtrees is less than two for all nodes in the tree. So, if you have a tree of depth 6 there is no node in levels 4 and below that aren’t filled. One way to balance a tree is node by node. You check a node. If this subtree is not balanced you “pull” it for the side with smaller depth. The image below exemplifies this. Of course, it is more complex than just “pull” the nodes, but this is the gist of it. But that is not what I did, I choose the long and easy way. I created an array with all the values in the tree in the crescent order. Then I created another tree inserting the value in the middle, dividing the array in two and repeating the process in the sub-arrays until all values were inserted in the new tree. Doing this the example presented in the beginning becomes this: A well-balanced tree with the same values as the example used before. Other Methods and Future work Create, search and balance were not the only methods created. There are methods to: - delete a node; - edit the data inside a node; - load a file creating a tree with its data; - save a file with the created tree as simple data; - print the tree in crescent order; - return the tree’s depth; - return the number of nodes in the tree. For more details and download you can access its in my . You are more than welcome to help me and to improve this project, something that I am still doing myself. repository Github account But an idea that I already started to implement is what I’m calling a : why not a tree with two search parameters instead of only one? Come and see it. bi-dimensional tree

How a n00b Programer Climbed The Binary Tree in Ruby

Without Product Market Fit, there’s no knowing which way is up. Crypto’s heard of Product Market Fit, right? Well… Apparently not. Not only is it yet to be found, it’s hardly spoken about. As though we’ve forgotten that without adoption, the benefits of decentralisation will likely never be realised. Let’s take a leaf from the book of Bezos, there’s no doubting his success with realising product market fit. Projects insist on inventing and persist with patience, but bagholders is anyone really putting the customer first? If crypto is all about ‘power to the people’ then why aren’t people feeling empowered? Does crypto even know who the customer is? Customer (not crypto) Adoption Curve Cryptocurrency has a problem with Product Market Fit. The tech has evolved quickly, but in terms of adoption, no-one seems to know which way is up. It’s as though we’ve a blind faith in the old adage “Build it and they will come.” Courtesy of Brainmates When in fact, many failed attempts have seen a widening of the gap between the early adopters and early majority. We‘re now met with a separating the crypto converts from the next wave of adoption. chasm One cannot simply ‘Cross The Chasm’ Plenty before us have taken the leap of faith, a moon shot if you will, only to miss the mark and plummet back to Earth, deep into the chasm. Those bold enough to know no bounds, find themselves stranded between an echo chamber of early adopters and Yosemite’s El Capitan — Product Market Fit atop, toeing the edge of one of the world’s most challenging ascents. Courtesy of Brainmates As the chasm widens, so does the propensity for the echoes to grow louder, engulfing innovators and early adopters with compounding unconscious bias. Fortunately for some, the so-called chasm is often where unicorns are born. There’s really TWO markets for crypto (ALL) startups The first market comprises the risk taking innovators and early adopters. For the sake of simplicity, we can refer to them collectively as the Early Adopter. Courtesy of Brainmates The second market is the who are known for listening to the opinions of the for their considered, and subsequently predictable actions. Early Majority Early Adopter What separates the two is someone to follow, that reaches the summit, laying the for those who follow. something to rave about, that first crazy nut pitons What can be done to overcome the crypto chasm? Rather than ‘crossing the chasm’ let’s just fill it, with a flood of early adopters and provide the means for the early majority to become one and the same. Product Market Fit is realised when the Early Adopter is compelled to onboard the Early Majority from a referral/credibility perspective — Slack for example. Even Slack had to climb out of the ‘chasm’ Slack created their “email killer” to solve a problem in a way that people LOVE to recommend — every move informed by a key metric: Net Promoter Score. As hard as it was to convince people to start using it, once they started they almost never stopped — Stewart Butterfield, CEO and Founder of Slack As we careen toward the digital dystopia of a cashless society, blockchain already has a killer application and presents a unique opportunity to make the chasm a natural feature of its adoption curve. Just as Slack did. Early Adopters: Crypto users spreading the good word (of mouth) When we reach the cashless society (hint: it’s close), you can bet your bottom dollar that the world will go looking for a digital equivalent to cash. The perfect storm’s a’brewing amid and the hopeful waning of surveillance capitalism’s future... pivots to privacy from corporate leaders Early adopters can now form the cornerstone of cryptocurrency product development with the advent of voting and governance systems. Customers themselves can help optimise learnings and direct teams’ iterations of Minimum Viable Products. Effective product management and strategy are essential to any endeavour in search of product market fit. There’s not reason for crypto’s open source nature, or baked-in (albeit half-baked) incentive schemes to say otherwise. We first need to understand the addressable market, the Early Majority, which in crypto’s case is glaringly obvious. While we don’t yet want the Laggards, it’s the users of legacy systems that are caught in the cross-hairs. Early majority: Fiat folk receptive to a better user experience There’s no doubting that the Early Majority are incredibly resourceful and they’re all ears. But they don’t care about crypto… They don’t care about decentralisation… They care about themselves. Sure, one day they might praise the philosophical possibilities, but all that matters right now is attracting them by using success with early adopters, followed by continued iteration toward product market fit. Despite the looming threat of surveillance capitalism, the cashless society also presents unbounded opportunity to improve user experience. While we dabble at the bleeding edge of emerging standards in digital payments, we need to set aside our ideals for a moment to focus on what matters now — CUSTOMERS. Give them something to rave about, or we’re up the creek without a paddle. Mass adoption is but a belay away… I’m suggesting a pledge of allegiance, to rally behind those the individuals willing to pioneer their way to Product Market Fit. Leading The Product, Crypto has become an echo chamber of early adopters, drifting farther from the early majority, as a widening chasm separates us from mass adoption. Now is the time to quit with the in-fighting and form alliances with Product Managers, UX Designers and your existing communities of Early Adopters. They’re gonna help crypto climb out of this chasm. About the author Joshua Marriage is a co-founder of Privacy Express — a Sydney based Venture Studio focused on accelerating development of privacy enhancing technologies. Privacy Express is currently developing in collaboration with , , , and a community of champions. Pip Wallet Chainsulting Brainmates Veil CloakCoin Meet us at Leading The Product 2019. <a href="https://medium.com/media/3c851dac986ab6dbb2d1aaa91205a8eb/href">https://medium.com/media/3c851dac986ab6dbb2d1aaa91205a8eb/href</a>

Crypto doesn’t need to ‘Cross The Chasm.’ We need help climbing out.

If you are a founder or manager, one of the highest-leverage activities you can conduct is hiring. And in our competitive market, it’s just not something you can afford to screw up. A common model for recruiting processes is the . From a company’s perspective, if you look at how candidates progress through the recruiting process, things resemble a funnel. At the (wide) top of the funnel are candidates that have just applied or that you have reached out to. At the (narrow) bottom of the funnel are the candidates you hire. The funnel gets narrower because in between the different stages, candidates can exit the funnel — either because they aren’t interested in moving forward in your process, or because you don’t think they are a good fit. recruiting funnel Much has been written about recruiting funnel design: how to move candidates forward, how to measure your progress, etc. It’s a great model. But the funnel model is . I’d like to propose a model that looks at things from the candidate’s perspective. I call this the company-centric Candidate Climb. The Candidate Climb At a high-level, the Candidate Climb is similar to the funnel in that it looks at the different stages a candidate goes through with a company to ultimately assess fit. The main difference is that rather than look at the volume of candidates in each stage, the Candidate Climb looks at the (by the company or by the candidate). time and effort expended A typical climb might look like: Candidate applies to a job role (low effort). Often, resumes are screened in a few minutes ( !) Company screens resume (low effort): or seconds A 30–60-minute phone call between the candidate and someone at the company. Initial chat (medium effort): : The candidate conducts an hour-long technical interview over the phone. Technical phone screen (medium effort) The candidate goes onsite for a day of interviews at the company. Onsite interview (high effort): After that, there might still be a few steps: the company might run some reference checks, collect feedback, make a decision, and then extend and negotiate an offer. But if you look at the main stages and the effort required, it looks like a “climb”. A good climb The characteristics of a good climb are: The candidate and the company expend less effort earlier in the process and only increase their effort as they gain confidence that there might be a fit. Increasing effort (“gradation”): The increase in effort is balanced between the company and the candidate. Neither is asked to unilaterally undertake any large investment. Balanced effort: I realize that this sounds a little general, so I’ll illustrate with some common anti-patterns I’ve seen that companies should avoid. The “Hoop Jump” You ask candidates to “jump through a hoop” at the beginning of the process, requiring them to undertake a task of significant effort (e.g. a project) before your company invests any time at all. What it is: It’s imbalanced. There are a few bad things that might happen. First, the most qualified candidates may just opt-out of your process early on. They’ve probably got other options, so why should they invest time before you do? Second, it’s a pretty bad candidate experience if you have them jump through the hoop, then reject them for an obvious reason that could have been identified much earlier. Why it’s bad: Some companies with a high volume of candidates might be tempted to use this technique, but again, even as a desirable employer, the early hoop jump might cause you to lose the most desirable candidates. In some cases with high volume, you may have candidates that are hard to evaluate — based on their application only, you may have rejected them, but you’d like to give them a chance to demonstrate their skills. In that case, a concrete task early on in the process could be a good idea. When it’s OK: Some companies claim that the hoop filters out candidates that don’t have “commitment”. That can be true later on in the process when you’ve shown commitment as well. But if you ask for commitment early on, you’ll probably only get desperation instead. The “That Escalated Quickly” Also known as the middle finger You move to a step that requires a lot of effort very early on in the process. For instance, maybe you bring a candidate onsite without doing any screening beforehand. What it is: It’s wasteful of your time and of the candidate’s time. Maybe there’s an obvious reason the candidate and the company aren’t a good fit, but you’ve made a large commitment before either side conducts basic checks. Why it’s bad: Sometimes, you have information with a high degree of confidence that could make other stages redundant. For instance, maybe you’ve worked with that candidate previously or had interviewed them in the past. Or sometimes, candidates might be on a tight timeline, and it might be worth the risk of skipping some stages. When it’s OK: The “Encore” You surprise the candidate at the end of the process with a new, unanticipated step — like another day of onsite interviews. What it is: Imagine getting to the finish line at a marathon, only to be told that the finish line is still a mile further. Why it’s bad: actual Occasionally, you might realize that at the end of your process, you’re still missing some crucial information about the candidate (or maybe there are bits of information that are contradictory). If it only happens occasionally, it’s not the end of the world. But if there’s a pattern of this happening, your process is probably not well-designed, and you need to figure out how to better capture the signals you need to make a decision before the end of the process. When it’s OK: The Wide Steps The candidate has to wait for a long period of time between two steps in your process. You’re slow to communicate or schedule next steps. What it is: In general, the slower your process, the more likely you are to lose candidates. They might lose interest, or they might get swiped up by another company. Why it’s bad: It rarely ever is. As long as you’re not rushing things, not being sloppy, and not pressuring candidates, you should move as fast as you can. When it’s OK: The Candidate Climb is just one way to model your process to avoid a subset of common “missteps”, so this isn’t meant to be exhaustive. There are many different mistakes you can make in your hiring process, so more generally, focus on what your process looks like from the candidate’s experience.

Beyond the Recruiting Funnel: The Candidate Climb

[Note: This is a series of episodes so if details are missing, please look back at the blogs of the series. This series is noted as [Final Project Week]. Also note, that this is for the teams’ reference and not specifically targeted for perfect guidance on how to do this] One would never think that an MVP would take long to execute given how simple the MVP has to be. However, when one is nine different to try execute an MVP, it’s a longer hike than one expects. learning technologies Normally, one could get the MVP done in a day. Makers advise to get the MVP done in one and half days. Our team has surpassed that advise and although it’s stressful to know that we don’t have many days for feature building yet, it’s venture to try get MAPBOX to integrate with REACT. One of us suffered immensely staring at the screen the whole day without getting anything done. It took an evening of beers to get us on our feet again. Let’s reflect on how simple but big our MVP is. A user can see a map on the page A user can add a pin on the page A user can save a pin on the page A user can load up a pin on the page That sounds fairly simple, right? One of the biggest challenges was getting around our heads of how Map-box interacts with React using This was two days’ worth of struggle to simply get a point on the screen. Parts of the reason why it was so difficult was that although MapBox was written in pure javascript, it has a different format or syntax for when we write in React with the MapBoxGL package. React MapBoxGL. The second is testing. Remembering from the last projects, we never even gotten close to testing a component in React. Lord save us for Mocha, Chai and Sinon as these were tools used to help us have a familiar testing framework that we knew. Things such as “describes” and “its” were nice to see working in our testing framework. Nonetheless, this blog is a mark for our journey given that we managed to achieve our MVP. If I could describe this journey, it’s almost as if we all decided to go on a journey and didn’t realise how long the hike would be. We somehow remembered to take all our overnight gear, and start trekking over the hills for 48 hours. We had to camp out because we needed to recover our energy to get back up on our feet again. I won’t go into how long or how exactly we spend our time figuring out how to do things. That would take way too many minutes for a Medium blog. What I will do instead is go through the code we’ve written. Today, we’ll be looking at the front-end React and testing, both for the front-end and the back-end. Front End: Our front-end of React manages to add a pin on the map, save that pin into the database and load the pin again based on the coordinates saved in the database. Let’s go line by line: Let’s start with the first thing that loads our Map. This is our file called Map.js We first import react. Then, we import React Dom, which is a package that connects React to the Document Model Object. Then we import our actual file (App.js) with all the components. Then, we impor reactMapboxGl which allows us to import our Feature, and Layer from the package react-mapbox-gl. We, then have our access key which you need to get permission to the mapbox data and methods. Below, we are rendering the feature, layer and map from our App class into our element “root” in our HTMl file (index.html). Now, if we go into our App.js file… We import React, along with the components from React. We then import axios which is a package that allows us to make get and post request. We then have our App Component, which binds all our methods to call. I suppose you could think this constructor works as when you initialise a class, it comes with all the values in it. Unlike javascript, you have to also initialise or what react calls “BIND” your methods when you call the App. We are also setting a state, pins as an empty array. which is I believe a React syntax. Then, we are making a copy of the state and setting it to a variable called pins array. This is because we do not want to change the original state when the component has been has been rendered. Hence, we want to make a copy of it and alter that one, so we save the original one. What gets rendered first is componentDidMount, Then, here we are making a get request to all our pins (if there are any in the database) by iterating over the array of pin objects, and setting the values of coordinates to the right keys. After that, you are setting the result of the iteration of the copied pins array to the actual state known as pins. the computer reads through the rest of our code till it hits the bottom. Given that none of our methods render the map except the last one, our computer will go straight to the bottom where the render method is. Whilst this get request is running, So, imagine that the next image is the last/bottom part of the code and parts of the content required are the methods written above it. Our last part of the function is to If there’s an error, the error will be printed. As I said earlier, this is the render method that is responsible for printing out the map. You have a prop class, which contains the Mapbox style and container Style. Container is where the map lives. We are then calling two other methods. One is when you click on the map (which calls the handleClick, a method that post requests the coordinates to the database) Then you are calling renderLayer (which renders a layer of pins on the map) Given handleClick is called first, let’s reference this method. Our handleClick method is responsible for the post request. This is where, when one pin is made on the map, the coordinates are extracted and saved into our MongoDB database. We are first creating a copy of pins array, as we do not want to change our original one we mentioned earlier. We are then pushing the two coordinates (longitude and latitude) into the Array. After that, we set the change copied array to the actual state we initialised, which is pins! Axios then makes a post request to the link, to set the longitude and latitude to the right keys. These keys refer to the table headings in our database which if you are working in a team, you will have to make a database, and have a table which has both longitude and latitude rows. The post request is what saves it to the dabatase. You then have two functions, one is familiar to you already. One reads out the error message and one reads out the response message if your code breaks. Unlike normal code, you have to implement these features if you want to try fix bugs or see what the response is giving you for your post request. If we recall what render does, it calls two methods, the second method it calls is render Layer. In render Layer, this is where our styled dot is put on our coordinate. In other words, this is how our coordinate is shown on the map based on the coordinates its given. Whether a new pin is being clicked or old ones are being loaded up, this is how the dot is being made on the map. So, we’ve done in it a Layer where we’ve set the symbol to be a marker, and style it to be a brown dot. Given, we can have a multiple of coordinates… this.state.pins is an array of pin objects. In a pin object, is a hash with longitude and latitude as keys, with its values as coordinate numbers. Given we can have multiple coordinates (as I was saying), we need to iterate over this array of pin objects, to give out the longitude, latitude and surprisingly the index number. By giving it the index number, this allows us to have multiple points with different coordinates on the map. But wait! What is renderPin! renderPin is a method! What is this method doing! Well, let’s go into that. Render pin is what defines the coordinates so that Mapbox can insert it onto the map. The Feature layer is where we define either actions or objects so that it can rendered on the map after it’s called. Hence, our render pin takes a longitude, latitude and index. It then sets the coordinates to an array consisting of longitude and latitude, which is what helps the iteration in renderLayer get the coordinates out. All of that, for a pin to be added on a map, saved on a map and loaded on a map when you refresh the page. Testing React (so Far) Boy, we had more progress testing React than we ever did the first time we attempted it. We realised how other packages with different matchers could help us achieve this, rather than Jest. Note: We are not sure whether this is the best or right way to do it. We have looked, if you have any suggestions, comment down below. We understand its not practical given the file can grow or change. However, it got the syntax up and running for passing tests. Given a lot of our code does not give back the same values on the time, we had to make a double of the entire file. For instance, what if someone had one point saved but the other had ten, and wrote the tests to have ten points. That’s not an effective test. Hence, we made a double of the entire file so that this double could be represented in the test environment. This is also because, given we are testing App but have all these other components such as Map, feature and double, you would have to make the double given that they are all part of our React file. Perhaps for isolation, not sure at the moment. If we go to our test file, for our App, so something along the lines of App.test.js, we’ll have to import the following packages. These are either all matchers, packages or adapters to help render the tests and frameworks. I’ve explained it in my previous blogpost (Episode 33) if you want to have a look there. Briefly, not really in detailed. You then you the adapter and matchers, that adapts the frameworks and import all the doubles into the test file for use. Below, we have the following tests. If you have done javascript testing before, this may look familiar. Here we are testing whether pins is an empty array pins. Everything should be recognisable except for shallow. You make think shallow acts like the double given it calls the Double but it doesn’t. In fact, it still has some functionality of the original methods. However, shallow calls the instance of the component without having to worry about the behaviour of other components. I suppose it isolates that component to be tested, and makes sure that is the component that is instantiated or rendered. Here, we are checking whether render pin returns a component Here, we are testing whether the component returns the layer double Lastly, we are testing whether the handling click method adds a pin to the state. To run all these tests, you just run npm tests in the command line. We also have some testing for the back-end. However, they were much simpler to execute given that you were not dealing with testing another framework that modifies its javascript. I believe because we are testing two different syntaxes and formats, it’s tougher to get your head around React. And all this while, we thought Jest was the answer. Although! Jest is currently running but we are simply using Mocha and Chai features instead of the Jest ones. If that makes sense. The CampOuts: We experienced two different nights when we took the time to reflect over what we had done. It’s quite crazy how one day could be a hurricane storm whilst the other was a breezy night. Our first retro we had listed all the rough patches of what we could not figure out. Half of us, otherwise a pair of us got some progress with the back-end testing. Those with React got nowhere, whether it was testing or integrating MapBox with React. A good way I suggested to categorise our struggles and some successes was to do a venn diagram with sticky notes. Our struggles were the outside circle whilst the inside was the sucesses. This was a good way to gauge what people understood or found difficult. It shined a light on how we were achieving the idea of “getting everyone on the same page.” Plus, it also showed that even if it felt like we didn’t get stuff done, we still are doing some things which as great such as team communication, support and understanding the frameworks better than yesterday. The second retro, the calm breezy night in other words, was much more exciting and refreshing to wake up to. The goals to be proud of were successful and the venture to rotate in pairs to categorise the tasks we could tackle for the next set of user stories. No matter what the rough and tough times the team are going through, it’s always important to stick together and beat out the storm together. Whatever come, whatever may, another exciting day awaits. Fun fact of the Day: It’s hard to believe when someone looks at you and says all these nice things, especially when they are things that you doubt about yourself. Perhaps, what they are seeing is a figment of how they perceive you. However, perhaps it also could be something that you’ve just not found out yet, or sometimes have put a blind eye to. Shout out to Dad advice inspired by Jamie LeMercier

Episode 44: The MVP climb [Final Project Week ]

Tips from Elena and Rohit we learned that both enjoy rock climbing. That got us thinking. During our interview with Elena, head of agile at VEON, and Rohit, a back end engineer here, Is there a connection between rock climbing and coding? Here’s the short answer: Yes! So, we’ve gathered seven insights from Elena and Rohit that will make you better at rock climbing and coding (or at least one of them). 1. First, understand; second, do To be a successful programmer, Elena believes that “you have to apply analytical thinking to everything you do. You should understand the problem before you open your mouth.” So, it’s about stepping back and looking at the problem. This links to rock climbing as well. For instance, if you’re , one of the hardest climbs in the world, chances are you’re going to want to do your research. You need to grasp the task before you begin — or else you’ll fall. planning to climb La Dura Dura in Spain _Oh, the life of a programmer! It’s a smooth ride — until madness happens._medium.com A Programmer’s Life: Create, Improve, Chill, Repeat 2. Go into the wild As Elena says, “you can’t know whether something works or not until you have it out in the wild.” In coding, you simply have to see what you can do in order to improve. , a company that rapidly achieved a $10 billion valuation. Dropbox had quick success because they wasted no time launching a product to market. Afterwards, they ran a rigorous testing and optimization schedule in order to achieve hockey stick-like growth over their first five years. An example to follow would be Dropbox This same idea of just going out there applies to rock climbing. First, practice hard on easy indoor and outdoor climbs. Once you get better, begin attacking more and more difficult climbs. Each time you go out on a climb, do what Dropbox does: Gather feedback from yourself and your guide or friends, and take steps to improve your performance. Who knows? Maybe you can eventually conquer , and be a real-life Spiderman. Biographie is where . Biographie (aka Realization) in France Chris Sharma completed the world’s first confirmed 5.15a climb 3. Test, test, test! Say it out loud: ! You won’t be able to improve a product if you don’t know what customers are saying (hint: they’re always saying something). Need more feedback While working for a startup which failed, Rohit realized the importance of testing like Dropbox does. “We were too focused on offering a solution for a billion people, and didn’t ask our initial customers for advice and feedback. Because of this, . This led to failure.” we spent too much time engineering and didn’t test enough This testing idea also applies to bouldering. You have to practice. Otherwise, you’ll get caught on a wall — literally. 4. Identify footholds above Luke Livesey, a professional rock climber and instructor, recommends that climbers “ .” Because you must learn how to bridge one move to the next. identify all of the footholds on the wall before you start your climb Translate this idea to software development. It means to take advantage of what’s in front of you. Both Elena and Rohit have done this during their career. “I studied business and accounting. But my first job was with an IT company. I’ve learned by experience, picking stuff up on the go. I actually came to this field by chance,” attests Elena. “When I was doing research in France in preparation for a PhD program in computer science, I had this itch to code. Programming is in my blood, and I finally saw that I needed to utilize my skills and follow my desires. Going all-in on a programming career was the right step to take,” says Rohit. 5. Your plans aren’t solid Jeff Atwood, a software developer and author of the popular , highlights a link between coding and rock climbing in that , even on “the most meticulously planned” projects or expeditions. Coding Horror blog “unforeseen, unforeseeable, and purely chance obstacles” always show up If you set out on an epic rock climb, you’re must be prepared for the unexpected. It’s a part of the journey to the top. Elena echoes this idea about her programming work. “No theory is 100-percent bulletproof. Everything that you know isn’t necessarily correct. As a scrum master, I have an iterative process to follow, but I also know we have to home-brew our own scrum process. Unique challenges need unique solutions.” 6. Use your equipment in imaginative ways Let’s work off point #5. Because you must have methods for handling the situation when plans break down. In rock climbing, you have your harness, rope, helmet, carabiner, and other equipment. To be the best climber you can be, . That means improvising or creating unique solutions from time to time, especially when you’re stuck. you must learn how to use these tools most effectively This idea connects to programming. If you ask Rohit for advice on being a back end engineer, he stresses the importance of choosing the right tools. _Oh, the life of a programmer! It’s a smooth ride — until madness happens._medium.com A Programmer’s Life: Create, Improve, Chill, Repeat “Over my career, I’ve learned seven programming languages (Java, Ruby, Scala, etc). To make the most of my tools, I focus on the problem — rather than fighting the language. If you use your tools wisely, you can come up with efficient solutions.” 7. Don’t be a dinosaur Technically, if you’re going to be a rock climber, it may be beneficial to transform into , like the Deinonychosauria (‘fearsome claw lizard’) one of those dinosaurs that could climb Anyway, you get the point. Both Elena and Rohit warn against becoming dinosaurs. , but your reign in the programming world will be much, much shorter if you don’t learn how to take the next step up now. Dinosaurs reigned on earth for over 100 million years “Old dogs must learn new tricks,” exclaims Elena. “Never be hesitant to learn. In programming, it’s learn or die,” explains Rohit. Final words Hopefully, these insights help you for your next programming project or rock climb (or both). Follow them — and you’ll be literally and figuratively on your way to the top. And you can find all our open positions here: _To learn more about all the current openings at VEON click here:_medium.com APPLY HERE

Climbing and Programming: 7 Insights That Will Make You Better at Both

More than a decade ago I was privileged to meet who spoke at an event. As a lifelong , Jim spoke about his provocative that I re-ready yearly, relating lessons from climbing to business: the concept of “fallure” vs. “failure” — failing after you commit to go all-in vs. giving up right at the cusp of failure, which look the same externally but are drastically different internally; and not letting the probability of failure overshadow the consequence of failure (and vice-versa) — exactly why so many Stanford graduates opt for . Jim Collins Access Fund climber article MBA entrepreneurship The same mantra applies to the other side of the table. When a and takes $900M in funding with it, $3B unicorn fails what are the consequences to its investors? Following my post about from 2 weeks ago, let’s take a look at the math. Jawbone’s Series A round was led by Khosla Ventures, one of the with $2.75B in assets under management and 60 liquidity events (10 IPO & 50 M&A) among the that they have invested in. Assuming that Khosla targets 3x returns for their limited partners (higher than the 2.56x average from ), they need to reach $8.25B in exits. venture risk most renowned venture firms 281 companies HBS professor Bill Sahlman’s 2010 study VC’s typically own 20% of their portfolio companies, meaning that the total value of Khosla’s exiting companies must reach $41.25B to provide their targeted return. If we assume that their investments follow the average distribution as per with 28% success, they should reach 78 exits (18 more liquidity events in the future), with an average valuation of $530M for each exiting company. CB Insight’s venture capital funnel Net — among their 281 investments, they need 78 or 1 . Angie’s Lists Uber Is it any wonder that they swing for the fences? And what if they miss? VC’s typically follow the , whereby they charge 2% management fees and take 20% carry of profit when their companies exit. In the case of Khosla’s $2.75B assets under management, this equates to $55M/yr in management fees — assuming 20% marketing & overhead costs, this leaves $44M to split among their 16 investment and operating partners: a hefty paycheck that qualifies for the top 0.1%, but not quite . If Khosla reaches their stated exit goal, then their 20% carry equates to an additional $1.1B payday — that’s FU money. rule of two and twenty FU money For VC’s, the probability of failure is high but the consequence of failure is low / the probability of success is low but the consequence of success is high, so it’s only rational that they . There are 898 VC firms that invested in 7,751 companies in 2016 according to the , meaning that VC firms invested on average in 8.6 companies last year. Compare that to 3600 Private Equity firms that invested in 3,538 companies according to , for an average of 1 company per firm. swing big and take a lot of shots on goal National Venture Capital Association Pitchbook’s annual report A different way to train On his podcast last week, my friend and climber / trainer extraordinaire , the founder of , interviewed Lantien Chu the inspirational swim coach at Lander High School in Wyoming. Coach Chu’s team has won 21 consecutive state titles without ever cutting a swimmer, and some of her students don’t even know how to swim when they join the team. How does she do it? By being in the business not of building swimmers, but . Kris Hampton Power Company Climbing building humans Her team has won a few state competitions without any winners in individual events — it’s the performance of many that pushes them to victory above competitors that are always seeking 1st place in individual events. It’s great when she has star performers, but there are never enough so it’s not sustainable for her to rely on them. In other words, she has formed her business so that even with a high probability of failure at an individual level, the probability of failure is low at a team level. And in her business, the consequence of success at a team level = success for the individuals. second, third, and fourth place finishes Coach Chu doesn’t swing for the fences, hits few home runs, and wins lots of championships. I’m all in favor of going after home runs — the Mark McGwire / Sammy Sosa was the last time that I was actually interested in baseball — just as I’m an ardent supporter of the VC industry considering its on job creation and R&D in the American Economy. was invested by VC’s in 2016 as compared to by Private Equity: 1 in 10 equity investments sound like the right number that should be going for the long bomb. Home Run Chase Season of 1998 disproportionate impact $69B $650B I’m glad that others are out there swinging big. I’ll instead go after championships with my . Or to bring the analogy back to climbing, you won’t find me . You will find me road tripping with a , pushing our own limits on 5.12’s — building ourselves as humans. For those 5,500 entrepreneurs who were venture funded in 2016 that will fail, how many of you want to attempt your next ascent with me? strength at driving in runs free-soloing a big wall like Alex Honnold collaborative community This article was originally published on Jul 20, 2017.

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