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CLARK

clark

Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CLARK'S GYROSCOPIC TORPEDOES. here CLARK'S GYROSCOPIC TORPEDOES. Figs. 1 and 2 represent, upon a scale of about 1/10, two types of torpedoes, the greatest number possible of the parts of which are made revolvable, so as to render the torpedoes as dirigible as the gyrating motion permits of. Fig. 1 represents an electric torpedo actuated by accumulators, A A, keyed upon the shaft, and revolving along with the gearings. At the beginning of the running, the accumulators are not all coupled, but under the action of a clockwork movement which is set in motion at the moment of starting, metallic brushes descend one after another upon the collectors, B, and set in action new batteries for keeping constant or, if need be, accelerating the speed at the end of the travel. Fig. 2 represents an air torpedo proposed by the same inventor. The air reservoir, C, revolves along with the gearings under the action of the pneumatic machine, D. The central shaft is hollow, so as to serve as a conduit. The admission of air into the slide valve of the machine is regulated by a clockwork which actuates a slide in an aperture whose form and dimensions are so calculated that the speed remains as constant as possible toward the end of the travel. The trajectory of the two torpedoes is regulated by a cylindrical bellows, F, which gives entrance to the sea water. The springs shown in the figure balance the hydraulic pressure. The tension of these springs is regulated by the rod, H, according to the indications of the scale of depths, I. When the torpedo reaches too great a depth, the action of the springs can no longer balance the increase of the hydraulic pressure, and the accumulation of the charge in the rear causes the front to rise toward the surface. When the torpedo reaches the surface, a contrary action is produced.— Revue Industrielle. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2004). Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/16972/pg16972-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

CLARK'S GYROSCOPIC TORPEDOES

The Eurovision Song Contest has been a significant phenomenon in Europe since 1956. And now the American version premieres on 21 March on NBC, with the grand final scheduled for 9 May, presented by Snoop Dogg and Kelly Clarkson. The live singing competition will feature artists from all 50 states. In this slogging thread, our community discusses whether it makes sense for the USA to replicate Eurovision and its impact on Eurovision fans. This Slogging thread by Mónica Freitas, Sara Pinto, Jack Boreham and Limarc Ambalina occurred in slogging's official #pop-culture channel, and has been edited for readability. Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:24 PM Eurovision in the USA? https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-60373161 Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:25 PM "US rapper Snoop Dogg and singer Kelly Clarkson are to host the new American Song Contest, modelled on the long-running Eurovision Song Contest. The live singing competition will feature artists from all 50 states." Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:26 PM "The Eurovision Song Contest has been a mainstay in the showbiz calendar in Europe and beyond since it began in 1956." Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:27 PM And now the American version premieres on 21 March on NBC, with the grand final scheduled for 9 May. Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:39 PM As a European who's grown up watching Eurovision, it makes no sense to me for the US to host their own Eurovision using the 50 states. The whole point of Eurovision is to have different countries, languages, and cultures brought together and have their music shared. Though there has been a growth in the English language usage in lyrics, a lot of the winners of the past editions kept to their native language, like Måneskin (Italy), Salvador Sobral (Portugal), Marija Šerifović (Serbia), etc. Besides, it's an incredible exchange of distinct music influences. Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:41 PM Thus, I don't see the point of doing a song contest within your country and calling it Eurovision. It's simply a regular song contest like "The Voice" or "American Idol." Mónica Freitas Feb 14, 2022, 3:42 PM What do you think? Sara Pinto Feb 15, 2022, 12:29 PM Mónica Freitas, it doesn't seem like an awful idea. I think it could be curious if they had great changes in music styles from one state to another. However, I understand that the culture and the language are basically the same, so it can be pretty much like regular contests, as you said. It could be more interesting if they included all countries of the continent, like Brazil, Colombia, and so on. It would bring diversity to the contest. Mónica Freitas Feb 15, 2022, 2:09 PM Sara Pinto,if they joined different nations, it'd make sense. But as it is, what differs this from a regular song contest? Just the representation of each state? Jack Boreham Feb 16, 2022, 8:06 AM Mónica Freitas, Eurovision is rubbish we don't need another 😂. Yeah I said it hahaha Sara Pinto Feb 16, 2022, 10:02 AM Mónica Freitas, yes, I suppose that would be the only difference haha. But I guess this is just a draft, and they will eventually come over with new and better ideas to up this contest. Mónica Freitas Feb 16, 2022, 10:48 AM Jack Boreham, you're just saying that because last year was a bad one for the UK, ahahaha! Mónica Freitas Feb 16, 2022, 10:50 AM Sara Pinto, maybe but it's premiering in a month, so I'm not sure what's coming out of this. Ever since Eurovision-winning songs got popular on TikTok, I feel like it has become a new phenomenon in the US and probably why they're now trying to replicate that formate with the 50 states. Jack Boreham Feb 16, 2022, 6:19 PM Mónica Freitas, it's always bad for the UK; you guys fix it against us. You can't blame Brexit 😂 Sara Pinto Feb 16, 2022, 10:41 PM Mónica Freitas, oh, I didn't know it was just around the corner haha. The concept of Eurovision is interesting, so I can't blame them for trying to do something similar. I guess we have to wait and see. Mónica Freitas Feb 17, 2022, 10:18 AM Jack Boreham, I'll blame Brexit for those 0 points 😂 at least you have a secured place at the finals. We still have to grovel for it 😪 Mónica Freitas Feb 17, 2022, 10:21 AM Sara Pinto, yeah it took me by surprise too. Eurovision is a big event for the LGBTQIA+ community. So, if they're successful in creating the same aura around it, maybe the US will bring different communities together. 🔥 1 Jack Boreham Feb 17, 2022, 1:59 PM Mónica Freitas, hahaha we won once! Limarc Ambalina Feb 18, 2022, 8:54 AM OH, Jack Boreham "Eurovision is rubbish" shots fired. Limarc Ambalina Feb 18, 2022, 8:54 AM IF those words don't start WW3, nothing will. 😂 3 Limarc Ambalina Feb 18, 2022, 8:54 AM 🔥 1 Limarc Ambalina Feb 18, 2022, 8:55 AM I don't understand anything this guy is saying, but I'm feeling it. Mónica Freitas Feb 18, 2022, 10:56 AM Limarc Ambalina, Jack is still processing those 0 points last year 😂 Mónica Freitas Feb 18, 2022, 10:59 AM Limarc Ambalina, for reference it's all about being different but it's a banger. I'm not surprised about the success these kids are having. They were the youngest Eurovision winners, I think. Jack Boreham Feb 21, 2022, 4:10 PM Limarc Ambalina 😂😂😂 a hill worth dying on. 😂 1

Snoop Dogg and Kelly Clarkson to Host Eurovision in the United States

This story is a part of Hacker Noon's series of interviews. The series is intended for tech professionals contributing the most insightful Hacker Noon stories to share more about their writing habits, ideas, and professional background (and maybe a hobby or two). If you too would like to start contributing to Hacker Noon, . Meet the Writer you can do so here So let’s start! Tell us a bit about yourself. For example, name, profession, and personal interests. My name is Kadeem Clarke, Head of Labs at Momentum 6 and Founder of Clarke Global. I am based in NYC and LA, and I am a car enthusiast, cryptocurrency investor, and foodie. At Momentum 6, I am an early-stage investor and provide incubation services including, but not limited to, marketing, fundraising, tokenomic strategy, tech development, and growth strategy. My firm, Clarke Global, provides digital consulting and marketing services to tech startups and creatives interested in entering the Web 3 space (NFTs and social tokens). Interesting! What was your latest Hackernoon Top story about? My latest Hackernoon Top story is a . The guide includes everything from defining product-market fit to sales. guide to help startups find their product-market fit Do you usually write on similar topics? If not, what do you usually write about? I usually write about three core topics: blockchain trends, advice for founders, and cryptocurrency investment tips. Great! What is your usual writing routine like (if you have one?) I typically write three articles per week, depending on how much research I’m able to get done. Being a writer in tech can be a challenge. It’s not often our main role, but an addition to another one. What is the biggest challenge you have when it comes to writing? I have trouble making sure that my research on the blockchain space is up to date. The blockchain space changes very quickly, so information learned even last week could become outdated so quickly. What is the next thing you hope to achieve in your career? I hope to invest in and incubate many more blockchain startups, help more creators enter the Web 3 space by leveraging blockchain to monetize their content and publish more content to educate people about cryptocurrency and entrepreneurship. Wow, that’s admirable. Now, something more casual: What is your guilty pleasure of choice? I love cars, so I love renting a car on Turo and taking it out for a long drive. Do you have a non-tech-related hobby? If yes, what is it? My non-tech-related hobbies include trying new restaurants (I have a list of 100 restaurants in NYC and LA that I want to eat at) and driving cars. What can the Hacker Noon community expect to read from you next? The Hacker Noon community can expect more articles about Web 3, DeFi, blockchain topics, and entrepreneurship. Thanks for taking time to join our “Meet the writer” series. It was a pleasure. Do you have any closing words? Feel free to follow me on Instagram (car_deem), Twitter (crypto_clarke), TikTok (car_deem), and LinkedIn.

Kadeem Clarke On Love of Cars & Keeping Up With the Blockchain World

About a year ago, I was visiting Sri Lanka and had the pleasure of visiting Arthur C Clarke’s well-preserved office (you can read about my if you like). Anyone who’s read that piece knows that I grew up as a big fan of Clarke’s science fiction, so it was a thrill to be there and see his books and office. He lived in Sri Lanka for 30 years before his passing in 2008. visit here This year, I’m unable to travel so far, but visiting my parents’ house in the midwest got me thinking about the times that I used to read Clarke’s science fiction books while growing up — imagining I was off with some crew on a “romp through the solar system”. While there were some elements of Clarke’s books that are way out of our league even today (think star child or childhood’s end), there were always others that seemed like they weren’t too far away. So, this Christmas holiday, I wanted to write about a few things that Arthur C Clarke predicted in his science fiction and science-related works that have (mostly) come true (or will very soon!). Science Fiction Turns Into Science Of course, science fiction has always had a way of predicting the future, going all the way back to Jules Verne’s 1865 novel, . While he didn’t have it exactly right, Verne’s prediction that it would be the Americans who first got to the moon, firing off a giant gun (rockets didn’t exist) from somewhere in Florida, were pretty spot on. And who doesn’t know about the flip phone being a descendent of Star Trek, and today’s facetime and iWatch look a lot like Dick Tracy’s watch-phone, don’t they? From the Earth to the Moon The difference between Clarke’s science fiction and much of these others was that he often put more thought into and — relying on them not just for convenience, but drawing on both scientific literature and scientific necessity. Unlike the Transporter in Star Trek, for example, which was created just for convenience (so that the producers wouldn’t have to pay for special effects of shuttles going to planets and back, which were costly), Clarke usually had some well thought out reason for the science fiction elements in his novels. how these things could work why they were the way they were From ACC himself Clarke himself once said that “trying to predict the future is a discouraging, hazardous occupation”, and some credit ACC (as he’s know in the science fiction world) with having predicted everything from the internet to email to google! In this article, I’m going to stick to what ACC did best, write about outer space and aliens! Now I’m not claiming that Clarke was necessarioly the first to think of all of these things — in fact, sometimes he was just the first to put them into popular science fiction even when a paper or a concept existed before. So, without further ado, here are some predictions that have already (to different degrees, of course) come true: 1. The Gravity Assist Maneuver In the novelization of , which was written concurrently with the movie (released in 1968), ACC had the Discovery go to one of Saturn’s moon’s (Iapetus) and not to Jupiter. In the movie, Stanley Kubrick (who was collaborating with ACC and wanted to use the latest images from NASA) decided to go with Jupiter as the destination because they had pictures from NASA about what Jupiter looked like. Kubrick was worried that since they didn’t have as many images of Saturn, the film might look dated once NASA got more accurate images. 2001: A Space Odyssey This is all a bit of history, but I recall reading the novelized version and it was the first time I had heard of the “gravity assist” maneuver. In the novel, the Discovery spaceship uses Jupiter’s gravity to speed itself up on the way to Saturn. While Jupiter is “only” 500 million kilometers away, Saturn can be almost a billion kilometers further away (depending on the position), even though we are used to them being close together . On average, the ringed planet is almost twice as far. This means that the ship didn’t have to carry as much fuel to get all the way to Saturn. This idea of using planets to “assist” in slinging a spacecraft was actually used by NASA in many probes including the Mariner 10 and Voyager probes. In some cases the probes went inwards towards the sun and used Venus for gravity assist to slow down, while the Voyagers used Jupiter to speed up on their way to Saturn, just like in ACCs novel! In another of his novels, (which we’ll talk more about in a minute), an alien spaceship built in an asteroid is using the Sun for a gravity assist on its interstellar mission! ACC wasn’t the first to think about this — the Soviets actually used the gravity of the moon for a flyby of a probe in 1959, but his use of it around a planet was the first time many science fiction readers like myself heard about it! Rendezvous with Rama 2. The Communication Satellite. ACC proposed using a satellite in geosynchronour orbit for boucning off radio signals (src: Wikipedia) Arthur C Clarke, in an article for in 1945, proposed the idea of a geostationary communications satellite, which was a satellite that stayed in the same position relative to the earth. Such a satellite, ACC proposed could be used to bounce radio signals off of and send radio signals all over the Earth. The editor of changed his paper title to . Wireless World Wireless World Extraterrestrial Relays According to many sources, the idea wasn’t taken seriously at the time as no one knew how to get a satellite into what became know as the “Clarke orbit”. 20 years later, in 1965, the first communications satellite was launched into the Clarke orbit, and today there are over 300 satellites on this orbit! 3. The asteroid from outside the solar system. In 2017, a controversial object appeared in the night sky and was observed for a matter of weeks. It was determined to be the first known object that came from outside of our solar system. Its strange maneuvers and properties made scientists think it was an elongated (cigar-shaped) type of asteroid or comet or alien space probe — we couldn’t be sure which. Conception of our first interstellar visitor , ‘Oumuamua (src: CNN) The scenario that astronomers found themselves in seemed eerily similar to ACC’s 1973 novel, Rendezvous with Rama. In the novel, an elongated asteroid was adapted into a space probe by an alien civilization, and wanders through our solar system, planning to use the sun as a gravity-assist maneuver to get where-ever it was going. The probe was abandoned in the book and its sequels by the alien civilization. Astronomers first proposed calling the asteroid discovered last year, which sure looked like it could be an asteroid steered by an alien civilization, Rama. In the end, the name ‘’Oumuamua was chosen (a good name which means “heavenly messenger” or “messenger from the past”), and of course scientists went ahead and stated confidently that there was nothing alien about the object. It’s a year later and what do we know? The object did in fact swing around the sun, and its velocity increased in a way that wasn’t consistent with the asteroid or the comet hypothesis, leading some including Harvard astronomer Abraham Loeb, professor and chair of astronomy, and Shmuel Bialy, a postdoctoral scholar, at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics to speculate that it was an alien probe after all. It’s acceleration properties were more consistent with the properties of a light sail then either an asteroid or a comet! So, while we don’t know what it was exactly, the best hypothesis we have that fits the data at present is that it was an alien probe going through our solar system swinging around the sun? Sounds familiar? Maybe it should be called Rama after all! 4. Building Ships in Orbit. The Discovery from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey (src: syfy wire) ACC predicted that it would be much easier to build large space-faring ships in orbit and to use shuttles to get astronauts up to the ships. This is how the Discovery was built in and its successors in the sequels as well. This wasn’t an ACC invention — many science fiction writers predicted this. Are we doing this today? Not exactly, but it’s within reach. There are companies who have sent up 3d printers to assemble large structures in space (Made in Space is the company that has printed the largest 3d printed object ever in preparation for printing large structures in space) , and there are near-term plans for inflatable modules which get assembled into large structures in space (think Bigelow Aerospace). Thus far, the ISS is the only such structure that is fully deployed, but this prediction is not very far off. 2001: A Space Odyssey 5. Hal and Conversational Artificial Intelligence. Who can forget the classic line from 2001, which came from HAL 9000, the on-board artificially intelligent computer: “I’m sorry, Dave, I can’t do that?” I’m sorry Dave, I can’t Do that — the HAL 9000 computer from 2001 (src: wikipedia) There has been an artificial intelligence explosion in the last 10 years, as machine algorithms are now being used to learn to do everything from drive cars to play video games. ACC wasn’t the first to predict machine intelligence; MIT Professor and Bell Labs fellow Claude Shannon was one of many who said that someday machines would be able to beat a human grand master at chess and write poetry. The chess thing has happened already, not so sure about the poetry. In the age of Sofia and so many different kinds of AI and virtual influencers and personalities, it seems like an intelligent computer like HAL from 2001, that can converse with us, is not that far off — give it 10 to 20 years say some experts. 6. Europa, liquid water, and life. In the sequel to 2001, called and its follow up , Clarke scrapped Saturn’s moon Iapetus and made the books sequels to the movie, rather than to his novel. In this sequel, a crew of soviet and American astronauts went to Jupiter to find the Discovery and find out what happened to Dave Bowman and his crew, who had disappeared. 2010: Odyssey Two 2061: Odyssey Three When they got there, one of the moons of Jupiter that is most interesting to them (and to the alien StarChild that Dave Bowman has now become) is Europa, which is found to be covered with ice with oceans underneath. The second book ends wiht a whopper: Jupiter is transformed into a small star and Europa is the reason why, because there is life that can develop here! In a now famous line from the end of 2010: All These Worlds Are Yours Except Europa. Attempt No Landings There. In 2061, a crew actually goes to Europa, which has developed into a habitable planet thanks to Jupiter’s transformation at the end of 2010 into a small sun, called Lucifer from Earth. Leaving aside the super-intelligent aliens who were responsible for this, Clarke’s predictions about Europa being the most likely place for life in the solar system because of the presence of liquid water under the ice covering the planet has turned out to fairly accurate. Plumes of water have been seen on Europa (src: Space.com) Probes to the Jovian moons have shown that Europa has plumes of water that shoot up from the surface, and it’s estimated that it has a covering of water 100 km thick. Some estimates say that Europa may have more water than the Earth! Now, what might lie in wait in all that water under the ice? To quote the History Channel’s hit series, could it be … Aliens?? 7. Landing on a Comet. At the beginning of the novel 2061:Odyssey Three, published in 1987, in what I thought was a cool sequence, the spaceship Galaxy is landing on the surface of Halley’s comet which has returned to Earth in (do the Math and you’ll see why the novel was set in 2061!). Of course, there’s a lot more going on in this novel than the comet, but at the time, this part, along with the rest of the novel was thought of as science fiction. Today, we know that it’s not so far fetched. In 2004, the European Space Agency launched Rosetta, a space probe that was meant to study a comet. Twelve years later, in 2016, the probe not only surveyed a comet, 7P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, but it managed to hard land on the comet! I wonder what we’ll be doing in 2061?? OK so there you have 7 predictions that have either already come true, or are very likely to in a decade or two. Not a bad track record. But, of course, science fiction being science fiction, there are still lots of things in ACC’s novels and papers for us to aspire to. And those are just the ones that have or are likely to come true pretty soon! Wait until we talk about he Space Elevator (Fountains of Paradise), Diamonds in the heart of Gas Giants (2061: Odyssey Three), and interstellar colonization (Songs of Distant Earth), not to mention the tantalizing idea of artifacts hiding on the moon (if you were an ancient Alien visitor to the Earth, where would you put a communications device??). If you liked this article, please clap 20x and follow me.

The 7 Space Predictions from Arthur C Clarke That Came True!

So I was in Sri Lanka over the holiday season. It was part vacation and part business trip (one of my MIT classmates, Prasath, had started a company there that I invested in and I have been promising to visit for many years). Sri Lanka is a pretty well-known destination for residents of the UK and Asia; not so much in the US. I knew little of its long history: In ancient times, the Anaradhapura kingdom sent envoys to Rome in the time of Julius Caesar, the Persians called the island Serendib (which circuitously led to the term serendipity), and during colonial times it was called Ceylon. When I was growing up in the Midwest, the first time I wondered about Sri Lanka was from the science fiction novels by Arthur C. Clarke: I found it odd that the popular British writer lived there. The opening scene from 2001: A Space Odyssey Clarke’s best known work was the source material for the movie, Since I was born the year after it came out, I didn’t get to see it in theaters, but I eagerly gobbled up the novel and its sequels as soon as I was old enough to appreciate “serious” science fiction ( , which came out in 1982 during my junior high school years, and , which was published in 1987 when I was in high school, and the final installment which was released in 1997). 2001: A Space Odyssey. 2010: Odyssey Two 2061: Odyssey Three 3001: The Final Odyssey ACC (as he’s known) was a prolific writer of both science and science fiction. In fact, many have credited him as the inventor of the communications satellite; he had proposed the idea of bouncing radio signals off of geostationary satellites to reach every part of the earth in the 1940s. So, as I said, I was in Sri Lanka over the holiday season, and I was re-reading ACC’s books and wondered how much fun it would have been to meet him. Of course that wasn’t possible (he passed away in 2008), but when I asked about him, my friend Prasath told me that ACC was very well known in Colombo; Prasath had actually been to ACC’s house with his old astronomy professor before the writer’s death. The 2001 Series of Books Since I was re-reading at the Galle Face Hotel, where ACC had written most of the book, I had an inspiration: Could we go by his former house? I was thinking a drive by and a picture of the house where he had lived might be a nice way tribute. 3001: The Final Odyssey Sitting at the Galle Face Hotel, reading 3001, where ACC had written most of that book! Prasath looked up the address and did a little Google research, which led us to an old article in Asia Obscura, where the author of that article bribed (err, tipped) his way into ACC’s office in 2013, which was more or less undisturbed following Clarke’s death in 2008. Five years had passed since that article, and I figured the chances that his office was still preserved seemed very remote, and finding a way in seemed even remoter, but we were inspired to try. When we found the house, there was a security guard. Prasath chatted him up and, pointing to me, told him that I had come from America and was a big fan of Arthur C Clarke. The guard seemed sympathetic and said he would check to see what he could do. In the meantime, I saw this inscription, Leslie’s House which listed both Arthur C Clarke and Hector as residents. I thought it was odd that this sign was still there after all these years. Plaque outside “Leslie’s House” The house was separate from the office area, and there were some dogs that started barking at our approach. The guard said something in Sinhalese that I didn’t understand and went towards the gate. There was an old woman there who told Prasath she was the caretaker, and after seeing how I was such a big fan, decided to let us in to see his office! As we entered inside the gate, there was a sign saying “Arthur C. Clarke” next to a little phone/speaker, presumably so that he could screen visitors. Where visitors would call up to ACC inside the gate but just outside the office When you walked in, there was a little foyer which had two armchairs and a painting behind it making it look like the occupants were on the moon, looking up at the earth. I was too shy to sit down on them at the beginning, marveling at our good fortune to just get in, but by the end of our tour, we built up the courage to ask if we could sit down and take a picture, which we did. Prasath and I sitting in the “moon” welcome area ! After this entry area, there was an original poster from 2001: A Space Odyssey: As you go up the steps there was a signpost towards Mars, followed by an open room that had tons of certificates and other awards given to ACC. One of the items on the wall was ACC’s oroginal paper from the 1940s about how geostationary satellites could be used to send radio signals all over the earth, which became reality in the 1960s with the Intelsat Early Bird satellite. Copies of the original article ACC wrote about putting a satellite in geostationary orbit to send radio signals It was only then that the door opened to ACC’s office — and it looked pretty much like it had in 2013, and I was told, pretty much as it had when ACC died in 2008. There were several bookshelves — the most prominent being the two bookshelves behind his desk. two bookshelves just behind his desk. Rather than a chair, there was a wheelchair where he used to sit in his later years. I couldn’t help take a pic. Felt like I was a famous sci fi writer for a moment! So, what was on his bookshelf? It turns out that the two bookshelves behind him had editions of all of his books. The right bookshelf was dedicated to to the 2001, 2010, 2061, 3001 — including many editions in English and other languages — hardcover and softcover versions. Here are some closeups. Just behind his desk, on the right were all the various editions of the 2001 series The left bookshelf had copies of many of his other works On top of the bookshelf were various awards and momentos, including the 1979 Galaxy award. Lots of awards and memorabilia sat on top of the shelves On the walls there were many momentos — including pictures signed to him by many famous people, a virtual who’s who of science and science fiction. Since ACC was consider one of the best (if not the best) science fiction writers of all time, most sci fi adventures were inspired by him. For example, There was a signed message/pic from David Prowse, who played Darth Vader in Star Wars. A signed picture by Darth Vader actor, Dave Prowse, above an image of a spacewalk above Europa? and next to that there was a picture of ACC with Patrick Stuart, who played Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation, next to a photo of one of ACC’s books floating in the space shuttle next to a real life astronaut! Left: Shuttle astronaut with ACC book, Right: ACC, Patrick Stewart, and? There was a picture signed by Buzz Aldrin, the second man to ever to walk on the moon. The moon, of course, was the location of the first monolith found in the movie/novel, 2001 (and based on an earlier short story written by ACC called the Sentinel) and played a big role in the photos and his books. Signed by Buzz Aldrin himself, second man on the moon! So what books other than his own, did ACC have in his office? On the right side of room was a small bookshelf that had a combination of fiction and non-fiction books; I recognized many of the books because I had many of the same ones., including Men of Earth (by Buzz Aldrin), Contact (by Carl Sagan) and many others. One of the shelves was dedicated to Isaac Asimov’s books. Isaac Asimov, considered one of the big 3 science fiction authors, supposedly had a pact with ACC that if asked who the best science author was, they would both answer Asimov; but if asked what he best science fiction author was, they would both answer ACC. One of the shelves had biographies, which included asimovs. On the right wall were videos — VHS tapes mostly. These seemed to be recordings ranging from the TV show, Arthur C. Clarke’s mysterious world, to the “World of Hal’s 2001” to random TV shows that had been taped. I wonder if this collection will ever be digitized? A big collection of VHS tapes was there — wonder how many of these have been digitized? There were many certificates and plaques and magazine articles posted on the walls. One of the books was titled, Arthur C. Clark, Genius It was a little overwhelming and I clicked as many pics as I could. Then, just as I was about to leave, I felt drawn to a shelf that had a bunch of random knick-knacks on it. For some reason, I hadn’t been drawn to photograph them yet, and didn’t see anything of note. I was about to leave when I noticed out of the corner of my eye. I had a funny feeling, as if it there was something alien in the room. it In my mind I heard theme music from 2001 ( ‘Also Sprach Zarathustra by Strauss) as I saw it. A replica of the Tycho Monolith 'There it was! Hidden amongst the kinck-kacs was The Monolith — or a replica of it. It reminded me of the original monolith which had been hidden on Tycho a long time ago by some unfathomable intelligence which had moved on, only to be discovered by explorers in the far future after their departure. It felt like monolith had also been left behind by some form of super-intelligent life that used to inhabit this corner of the moon, this very office in fact, but has long moved on to other dimensions! this I kept that funny feeling about visiting a place inhabited by another as I walked out and saw the moonscape entryway again. On the way out, we thanked the security guard and the caretaker and gave them a little tip, for making my day! For a science fiction geek like me, all in all it was an incomparable experience, bringing back the wonder of my childhood as I read ACC’s books about rromps around the solar system and alien life!

What I Found On Arthur C Clarke’s Bookshelf in Sri Lanka

How Mixtral 8x7B Sets New Standards in Open-Source AI with Innovative Design

Holistic Evaluation of Text-to-Image Models: Author contributions, Acknowledgments and References

Practical LLMs for Real-World Applications

Authors:
(1) Jianhui Pang, from the University of Macau, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (nlp2ct.pangjh3@gmail.com);
(2) Fanghua Ye, University College London, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (fanghua.ye.19@ucl.ac.uk);
(3) Derek F. Wong, University of Macau;
(4) Longyue Wang, Tencent AI Lab, and corresponding author. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Anchor-based Large Language Models 3.1 Background 3.2 Anchor-based Self-Attention Networks 3.3 Anchor-based Inference 4 Experiments and 4.1 Our Implementation 4.2 Data and Training Procedure 4.3 Evaluation 5 Results 6 Analysis 7 Conclusion, Limitations, Ethics Statement, and References A More Experimental Results B Data Settings 4.3 Evaluation In our investigation, we employ a diverse collection of benchmarks with varying text lengths to evaluate our outcomes, including OpenBookQA (OBQA) (Mihaylov et al., 2018), WinoGrande (WG) (Sakaguchi et al., 2021), ARC-easy (ARC-e) and ARCchallenge (ARC-c) (Clark et al., 2018), PIQA (Bisk et al., 2020), HellaSwag (HS) (Zellers et al., 2019), SCIQ (Welbl et al., 2017), and BoolQ (Clark et al., 2019). These benchmarks provide a comprehensive evaluation of various aspects, including reasoning, comprehension, understanding of the physical world, and predicting future events. Importantly, they cover texts of varying lengths, facilitating a thorough assessment of our model’s performance across diverse tasks and text complexities, ranging from shorter input contexts in OBQA to longer texts in BoolQ. To measure the precision and efficiency of our models, we evaluate them across three dimensions using three distinct metrics for both zero-shot and five-shot settings. For AnLLMAC in the five-shot setting, we incorporate the anchor token at the end of each demonstration. • Accuracy (Acc). This conventional metric is utilized to gauge the prediction accuracy of models. In accordance with previous studies (Gao et al., 2023), we choose the options with the highest probabilities as predictions and calculate accuracy using the gold-standard labels. • Keys/Values Caches Reduction (C⇓). In the context of the five-shot evaluation, the demonstrations can be cached in GPU memory for subsequent reuse. Nevertheless, extended demonstrations may require increased memory consumption. This metric is designed to assess the memory efficiency of the AnSAN technique. • Inference Acceleration Ratio (T⇑). Similar to Wang et al. (2023), capitalizing on the cached keys/values, we present the Inference acceleration ratio, which serves as an indicator of the inference efficiency of the AnSAN technique. Note that we first report full attention inference results for all models, then present results with the AnSAN method (+AnSAN) applied, compressing sequence information into anchor tokens. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Jianhui Pang, from the University of Macau, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (nlp2ct.pangjh3@gmail.com); (2) Fanghua Ye, University College London, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (fanghua.ye.19@ucl.ac.uk); (3) Derek F. Wong, University of Macau; (4) Longyue Wang, Tencent AI Lab, and corresponding author. Authors: Authors: (1) Jianhui Pang, from the University of Macau, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (nlp2ct.pangjh3@gmail.com); (2) Fanghua Ye, University College London, and work was done when Jianhui Pang and Fanghua Ye were interning at Tencent AI Lab (fanghua.ye.19@ucl.ac.uk); (3) Derek F. Wong, University of Macau; (4) Longyue Wang, Tencent AI Lab, and corresponding author. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2 Related Work 3 Anchor-based Large Language Models 3.1 Background 3.1 Background 3.2 Anchor-based Self-Attention Networks 3.2 Anchor-based Self-Attention Networks 3.3 Anchor-based Inference 3.3 Anchor-based Inference 4 Experiments and 4.1 Our Implementation 4 Experiments and 4.1 Our Implementation 4.2 Data and Training Procedure 4.2 Data and Training Procedure 4.3 Evaluation 4.3 Evaluation 5 Results 5 Results 6 Analysis 6 Analysis 7 Conclusion, Limitations, Ethics Statement, and References 7 Conclusion, Limitations, Ethics Statement, and References A More Experimental Results A More Experimental Results B Data Settings B Data Settings 4.3 Evaluation In our investigation, we employ a diverse collection of benchmarks with varying text lengths to evaluate our outcomes, including OpenBookQA (OBQA) (Mihaylov et al., 2018), WinoGrande (WG) (Sakaguchi et al., 2021), ARC-easy (ARC-e) and ARCchallenge (ARC-c) (Clark et al., 2018), PIQA (Bisk et al., 2020), HellaSwag (HS) (Zellers et al., 2019), SCIQ (Welbl et al., 2017), and BoolQ (Clark et al., 2019). These benchmarks provide a comprehensive evaluation of various aspects, including reasoning, comprehension, understanding of the physical world, and predicting future events. Importantly, they cover texts of varying lengths, facilitating a thorough assessment of our model’s performance across diverse tasks and text complexities, ranging from shorter input contexts in OBQA to longer texts in BoolQ. To measure the precision and efficiency of our models, we evaluate them across three dimensions using three distinct metrics for both zero-shot and five-shot settings. For AnLLMAC in the five-shot setting, we incorporate the anchor token at the end of each demonstration. • Accuracy (Acc). This conventional metric is utilized to gauge the prediction accuracy of models. In accordance with previous studies (Gao et al., 2023), we choose the options with the highest probabilities as predictions and calculate accuracy using the gold-standard labels. • Accuracy (Acc). • Keys/Values Caches Reduction (C⇓). In the context of the five-shot evaluation, the demonstrations can be cached in GPU memory for subsequent reuse. Nevertheless, extended demonstrations may require increased memory consumption. This metric is designed to assess the memory efficiency of the AnSAN technique. • Keys/Values Caches Reduction • Inference Acceleration Ratio (T⇑). Similar to Wang et al. (2023), capitalizing on the cached keys/values, we present the Inference acceleration ratio, which serves as an indicator of the inference efficiency of the AnSAN technique. • Inference Acceleration Ratio Note that we first report full attention inference results for all models, then present results with the AnSAN method (+AnSAN) applied, compressing sequence information into anchor tokens. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

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