Introducing Citia, the first multi-purpose, multi-channel communications and content platform for this new Attention era

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What if I told you that the next big app idea could come from someone who barely knows how to code? Yes, this is true. Introducing citizen development - the revolutionary technology that puts software creation into the hands of those who do not have technical backgrounds. It means citizen development is a business process that encourages non-IT-trained employees to become software developers, using IT-sanctioned low-code/no-code (LCNC) platforms to create business applications. As a coding geek, I've seen a lot of industry trends come and go. But citizen development? This is a remarkable innovation that is revolutionizing the software industry. Want to know more about it? Let's break down what citizen development is, why it's important, and how it can benefit your business. What Is Citizen Development? Imagine being able to create your own apps without needing to learn complicated coding languages. That's exactly what citizen development is all about! In the past, building software was something only professional developers and tech experts could do. It was like having a secret language that only they understood. But with citizen development, that's all changing. Citizen development refers to the practice of enabling non-professional developers, such as business users or employees with limited technical backgrounds, to create, modify, or customize applications and software solutions using low-code or no-code development platforms and tools. It’s platforms typically provide a visual, drag-and-drop interface, pre-built components, and simple logic builders. It allows users with minimal coding experience to create applications by assembling and configuring these components. Citizen development uses simple, visual tools that anyone can pick up and use to build apps. Things like drag-and-drop interfaces, pre-made building blocks, and straightforward logic tools. It takes all the head-scratching complexity out of coding and makes it accessible to ordinary people like you and me. So, whether you're a marketing whiz, a business operations guru, or just someone with a great idea, you can now create custom apps tailored precisely to your needs. No more trying to explain your vision to developers and hoping they understand – you're in charge of making it a reality yourself. It lets you bring your ideas to life with just a few taps and clicks. You can whip up prototypes in no time, get feedback, make tweaks, and keep refining until your app is perfect. No more waiting months for the over-extended tech team. The best part? You don't need to be a tech genius or memorize any mind-bending code. Citizen development platforms are designed for non-technical, everyday people. If you can use apps on your phone, you've got what it takes to be an app maker. In the past, only a select few could create software. But now, thanks to citizen development, that power is open to everyone. So, get ready to unleash your inner app wizard! Why Citizen Development? As a programmer myself, I know the struggle can be real for IT departments. They're constantly bombarded with requests for new applications, each tailored to a specific department's needs. This backlog can leave businesses waiting for months, even years, for the tools they need to thrive. Citizen development cuts through that red tape. By equipping non-technical employees with user-friendly tools, we can empower them to build simple applications that address their day-to-day challenges. Imagine the marketing team creating a targeted campaign app, or the sales team whipping up a custom lead management tool. The possibilities are endless! Here, I am going to share some key reasons why citizen development is gaining traction: Faster Innovation: Citizen developers can build and iterate on applications quickly, allowing businesses to adapt to changing needs and market trends. Improved Efficiency: By automating routine tasks and streamlining workflows, citizen development frees up valuable time for both IT teams and employees. Enhanced User Experience: Who knows a department's needs better than the people who work in it? Citizen developers can create applications that perfectly match their specific workflows and pain points. Reduced Development Costs:  Low-code/no-code platforms often require fewer resources compared to traditional development methods, leading to significant cost savings. Increased Employee Engagement: Citizen development empowers employees and fosters a sense of ownership over the tools they use, leading to higher job satisfaction and motivation. Improved Agility: Businesses can respond to changing market dynamics faster with the ability to quickly build and deploy custom applications. So, Can You Become a Citizen Developer? Yes, citizen development is accessible to almost anyone. If you're comfortable using spreadsheets or basic software, you have the potential to be a citizen developer. The user-friendly nature of low-code/no-code platforms makes it easier than ever for non-technical users to jump in and start building. In the meantime, let me know your thoughts on citizen development. Is it a trend you're excited about? If you have any questions, let's get the conversation flowing! What if I told you that the next big app idea could come from someone who barely knows how to code? Yes, this is true. Introducing citizen development - the revolutionary technology that puts software creation into the hands of those who do not have technical backgrounds. It means citizen development is a business process that encourages non-IT-trained employees to become software developers, using IT-sanctioned low-code/no-code (LCNC) platforms to create business applications. citizen development low-code/no-code (LCNC) platforms As a coding geek, I've seen a lot of industry trends come and go. But citizen development? This is a remarkable innovation that is revolutionizing the software industry. Want to know more about it? Let's break down what citizen development is, why it's important, and how it can benefit your business. What Is Citizen Development? Imagine being able to create your own apps without needing to learn complicated coding languages. That's exactly what citizen development is all about! In the past, building software was something only professional developers and tech experts could do. It was like having a secret language that only they understood. But with citizen development, that's all changing. Citizen development refers to the practice of enabling non-professional developers, such as business users or employees with limited technical backgrounds, to create, modify, or customize applications and software solutions using low-code or no-code development platforms and tools. It’s platforms typically provide a visual, drag-and-drop interface, pre-built components, and simple logic builders. It allows users with minimal coding experience to create applications by assembling and configuring these components. Citizen development refers to the practice of enabling non-professional developers, such as business users or employees with limited technical backgrounds, to create, modify, or customize applications and software solutions using low-code or no-code development platforms and tools. It’s platforms typically provide a visual, drag-and-drop interface, pre-built components, and simple logic builders. It allows users with minimal coding experience to create applications by assembling and configuring these components. Citizen development uses simple, visual tools that anyone can pick up and use to build apps. Things like drag-and-drop interfaces, pre-made building blocks, and straightforward logic tools. It takes all the head-scratching complexity out of coding and makes it accessible to ordinary people like you and me. So, whether you're a marketing whiz, a business operations guru, or just someone with a great idea, you can now create custom apps tailored precisely to your needs. No more trying to explain your vision to developers and hoping they understand – you're in charge of making it a reality yourself. It lets you bring your ideas to life with just a few taps and clicks. You can whip up prototypes in no time, get feedback, make tweaks, and keep refining until your app is perfect. No more waiting months for the over-extended tech team. The best part? You don't need to be a tech genius or memorize any mind-bending code. Citizen development platforms are designed for non-technical, everyday people. If you can use apps on your phone, you've got what it takes to be an app maker. In the past, only a select few could create software. But now, thanks to citizen development, that power is open to everyone. So, get ready to unleash your inner app wizard! Why Citizen Development? As a programmer myself, I know the struggle can be real for IT departments. They're constantly bombarded with requests for new applications, each tailored to a specific department's needs. This backlog can leave businesses waiting for months, even years, for the tools they need to thrive. Citizen development cuts through that red tape. By equipping non-technical employees with user-friendly tools, we can empower them to build simple applications that address their day-to-day challenges. Imagine the marketing team creating a targeted campaign app, or the sales team whipping up a custom lead management tool. The possibilities are endless! Here, I am going to share some key reasons why citizen development is gaining traction: Faster Innovation: Citizen developers can build and iterate on applications quickly, allowing businesses to adapt to changing needs and market trends. Faster Innovation: Citizen developers can build and iterate on applications quickly, allowing businesses to adapt to changing needs and market trends. Faster Innovation: Improved Efficiency: By automating routine tasks and streamlining workflows, citizen development frees up valuable time for both IT teams and employees. Improved Efficiency: By automating routine tasks and streamlining workflows, citizen development frees up valuable time for both IT teams and employees. Improved Efficiency: Enhanced User Experience: Who knows a department's needs better than the people who work in it? Citizen developers can create applications that perfectly match their specific workflows and pain points. Enhanced User Experience: Who knows a department's needs better than the people who work in it? Citizen developers can create applications that perfectly match their specific workflows and pain points. Enhanced User Experience: Reduced Development Costs:  Low-code/no-code platforms often require fewer resources compared to traditional development methods, leading to significant cost savings. Reduced Development Costs: Low-code/no-code platforms often require fewer resources compared to traditional development methods, leading to significant cost savings. Reduced Development Costs: Increased Employee Engagement: Citizen development empowers employees and fosters a sense of ownership over the tools they use, leading to higher job satisfaction and motivation. Increased Employee Engagement: Citizen development empowers employees and fosters a sense of ownership over the tools they use, leading to higher job satisfaction and motivation. Increased Employee Engagement: Improved Agility: Businesses can respond to changing market dynamics faster with the ability to quickly build and deploy custom applications. Improved Agility: Businesses can respond to changing market dynamics faster with the ability to quickly build and deploy custom applications. Improved Agility: So, Can You Become a Citizen Developer? Yes, citizen development is accessible to almost anyone. If you're comfortable using spreadsheets or basic software, you have the potential to be a citizen developer. The user-friendly nature of low-code/no-code platforms makes it easier than ever for non-technical users to jump in and start building. In the meantime, let me know your thoughts on citizen development. Is it a trend you're excited about? If you have any questions, let's get the conversation flowing!

What Citizen Development Is, Why It's Important, and How It Can Benefit Your Business

ERIK ADOLPH vs. Uber Court Filing, retrieved on July 17, 2023, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This is part 13 of 15. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here F. Uber also cites a number of authorities, but none supports its position. In Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 1756, AFLCIO v. Superior Court (2009) 46 Cal.4th 993, 1005, we held that unions do not have standing under PAGA because they are “not employees” and therefore “cannot satisfy the express standing requirements of [PAGA].” Our rejection of associational standing under PAGA has no bearing on the question here. In Robinson v. Southern Counties Oil Co. (2020) 53 Cal.App.5th 476, the court held that a plaintiff did not have standing when he brought a PAGA action “based on violations alleged to have occurred after . . . [he] was no longer employed by [the defendant].” (Id. at p. 484.) There, the plaintiff “was not affected by any of the alleged violations” at issue in the case. (Ibid.) In this case, the operative complaint alleges that Adolph was employed by Uber and personally sustained one or more Labor Code violations committed by Uber during the time period applicable to his PAGA action. Uber also relies on Californians for Disability Rights v. Mervyn’s, LLC (2006) 39 Cal.4th 223, where we said that “[f]or a lawsuit properly to be allowed to continue, standing must exist at all times until judgment is entered and not just on the date the complaint is filed.” (Id. at pp. 232–233.) Our holding today is consistent with Mervyn’s. As we explained in Kim, the question of standing is governed by the terms of PAGA. Because a single action may still be maintained when issues comprising the action have been bifurcated into judicial and arbitral forums, the relevant statutory standing requirements are met “on the date the complaint is filed” and thereafter, regardless of whether an aggrieved employee’s individual claims have been sent to arbitration. (Mervyn’s, at p. 233.) Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case S274671 retrieved on September 22, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. courts.ca.gov

The Sources and Authorities Uber Is Citing to Support Their Position

The Noonification: No Smart Street Poles, No Smart Cities  (11/20/2023)

You heard it here first: as cities around the world , street poles will emerge as a crucial infrastructure element. Obviously, smart street poles are less appealing to the masses than flying cars and holographic adverts. The pragmatics among us will nevertheless realize how ubiquitous they are today, and how important they will soon come to be — in a boring, predictable, yet futuristic / SciFi way. embrace new technologies and become more efficient, sustainable, and livable These seemingly mundane objects will serve as a hub for a wide range of applications, from traffic management and public safety to environmental monitoring and energy efficiency. As such, it’s important to understand what they are, as well as their benefits and drawbacks. smart city What’s Smart Street Pole, and why are they important? An intelligent street pole is, in essence, a lamppost that’s been pimped out to host a variety of connected objects devices), including cameras, sensors and display screens — all of which have gotten rather cheap over the past decade. It obviously also provides light to its environment, though that’s often forgotten in the existing literature on the topic. (IoT Using these connected objects, smart poles will be able to support a wide variety of tasks. 5G network backbone 5G is needed to make much of the . It however uses higher frequency waves than 4G. These waves don’t travel very far (comparatively) and can’t go through walls as easily. So we need more antennas than we have today to make sure that these waves can reach everywhere. Only the can everyone get super-fast internet without interruptions. Street poles are the perfect objects to house 5G antennas (to a certain extent). No smart poles, no city of the future! City of Future happen EV charging Another City of the Future staple is electric cars. They are, however, power-hungry, and charging stations are not as dense in cities as they should be, given EV’s lower range compared to their polluting cousins. By using street poles as charging stations, we will dramatically increase the EV charging infrastructure and reduce the “ ” that often keeps consumers from making the switch to electric vehicles. range anxiety Air / sound quality analysis Sensors at every corner of a city could help government officials analyze the quality of life at a very granular level. Ideally, this would help us identify where noise is (and thus productivity), and where heightened pollution may be . This of course could be weaponized… but ? costing people precious sleep harming children when has the government ever enacted harmful, neighbourhood-specific policies targeted at specific populations Localisation/tourism A precisely localized sensor, matched with a screen, could be a lifesaver for many tourists. Additionally, since the poles can provide internet access, they could be used to inform or direct tourists and locals alike. Many travelers would benefit from knowing where the nearest grocery store is without having to go to a Starbucks for Wifi. Security notifications Finally, cameras equipped with computer vision algorithms and send notifications to law enforcement when such events are identified. It could also be used for crowd control, by identifying potentially dangerous behaviors and automatically communicating with people’s smartphones. This is of course very Orwellian and should be seriously questioned/audited (hint: it won’t be). Another less nefarious use case is the use of sensors to light up paths when someone comes near them, saving energy and increasing security. could easily identify crime Who would own Smart Street Poles? Smart Street Poles will become valuable real estate, as their prime location and ability to interconnect many sensors will avoid multiple installations and provide cost efficiencies for smart city operators. Though this infrastructure would be controlled and monitored by a single operator (the state?), the many corporations vying to operate many services in the space will likely make this difficult. ideally What’s most likely to happen is that many different operators will emerge. Public actors, always eager to cut costs, will be happy to let private companies have a crack at operating part of their pole park. They will be deployed in parking garages. They will become part of smart real estate developments. They will be used by retailers to attract, and communicate with, potential clients. By 2040, most curbs will be privatized. Who knew a dystopia could be so boring? Nevertheless, private actors would be wise to understand that their business can only be enhanced by data exchanges between ecosystem partners; EV charging times, matched with location and browsing history could be very attractive to advertisers, for example. Issues With Smart Street Poles I can identify three critical issues that will emerge from the creation and implementation of Smart Street Poles; all of which will slow down their adoption. Lack of ownership clarity As highlighted above, if everyone owns a street pole, no one owns it. Nothing will get done, and it will go down as a good idea poorly executed. Issues around the management of assets mounted on poles, together with maintenance, data orchestration, and cybersecurity need to be addressed to enable scalability and drive adoption. Cybersecurity Operators will need to enforce digital security at three levels: the pole level, the transmission level, and the Cloud level, where the data from all the poles will be stored. With an increased number of connected services becoming available, digital intrusion and privacy violation risks are greatly increased. Without the best security, one can only imagine the mayhem bad-faith actors (institutional or otherwise) might cause to the city of tomorrow. Privacy nightmares . Adding cameras and scanners on every street pole will not help this. As such, citizens’ should be managed upfront. Strong legal frameworks need to be created — was a good start but will need to be enhanced (strengthened?) for a new age of smart cities. Cities are already in a state of quasi-total and continuous surveillance privacy concerns the EU’s GDPR The idea of a Smart City is a tautology. , with their own specific memories, habits, and quirks. Nevertheless, it will be fascinating to observe how new infrastructure can be installed to change the way we interact with our urban environments. Cities are already smart If privacy and cyber-security concerns can be assuaged, I believe Smart Street Poles will be beneficial to millions of current and future urban dwellers. Good luck out there. Also published . here

No Smart Street Poles, No Smart Cities 

কোন স্মার্ট রাস্তার খুঁটি নেই, কোন স্মার্ট শহর নেই

Keine intelligenten Straßenmasten, keine intelligenten Städte

Ni postes de calles inteligentes ni ciudades inteligentes

Pas de poteaux de rue intelligents, pas de villes intelligentes

कोई स्मार्ट स्ट्रीट पोल नहीं, कोई स्मार्ट सिटी नहीं

スマート街路柱もスマートシティもなし

스마트 거리 기둥도 없고 스마트 시티도 없습니다

Sem postes de rua inteligentes, sem cidades inteligentes

Нет умных уличных столбов, нет умных городов

Akıllı Sokak Direkleri Yok, Akıllı Şehirler Yok

Không có cột đường thông minh, không có thành phố thông minh

没有智能路灯杆，就没有智能城市

Let's learn about via these 33 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Smart Cities /Learn Repo 1. How Smart are our Homes Getting? Smart spaces will become an essential part of our lives, he says. Smart homes are changing our lives in the same way as wearable devices. 2. Micro Electric Vehicles and their Massive Advantages Over Standard EVs Companies around the world are developing smaller, more efficient electric cars that provide solutions to growing concerns within the standard EV market. 3. Smart Trains: A Long Journey to Transportation Revolution Smart cars might be the future, but what about high-speed smart trains? 4. 5 Reasons Our Cities Are Not Full of Autonomously Flying Drones (Yet!) We are slowly but surely moving towards a world where autonomous drones will play a major role. In this article, I will show you what stopes them today. 5. Building a Smart City with Smart Transportation Systems To achieve the smart cities of the future, government officials need to develop smart infrastructure to increase road and passenger safety. 6. 5 Intriguing Applications of Computer Vision in Smart Cities Computer vision will radically change smart technology. Here are five ways it's already impacting smart cities. 7. How Technology Can Help Make Sustainable Cities As the global population continues to grow exponentially, the number of people living in urban areas is growing the fastest. With over 50% of the world’s population currently living in major cities, and an anticipated 2.4 billion more over the next 30 years, the term ‘megacity’ has been created to describe the urban metropolises of the future. 8. We Will Soon Enter the 5G Revolution Since 2009, 4G has been an essential technology in our hyperconnected world, enabling our handsets to consume and produce multimedia, browse the majority of internet web sites, and run awesome apps. But these features have been evolving towards more and more data consumption rates, because hardware resources like CPU, memory and screens allowed them to process large amounts of data. 9. Smart Cities Raise Data Privacy Concerns Should you be excited about smart cities or concerned about your privacy and data? I go through three of the ten privacy principles (PIPEDA) and their effects. 10. Using IoT to Solve Housing Problems and Improve Safety IoT can help manage air quality and emissions at industrial sites, improve control over electricity, water, and heat meters, and more. 11. What AI Advancements Will Mean for Our Daily Lives in 2021 AI arguably dates to the 1950s when Alan Turning invented the Turing Test. This was essentially a machine that could think for itself. Fast forward 70 years and if sci-fi thrillers made throughout the years are anything to go by, the world is overrun by robots and human beings are now servants to the machined man. 12. Are Smart Cities a Threat to Data Privacy? For smart cities to function, they must collect data. But is that good for citizens? Is true data privacy achievable for smart cities? 13. The Automotive Industry Continues to Widen its Connectivity The Future Is Now 14. AI-enabled Smart Cities: What to Get Right Data is the foundation of smart cities. However, to deliver the right solutions, planners must establish sustainable data and AI technology policies. 15. How Are Smart Cities Made 'Smart': Top 6 Enabling Technologies The ultimate goal of smart cities is to improve citizens’ quality of life, reduce the cost of living and attain a sustainable environment through technology. 16. Eco-Big Data Applications in the City: Cleaning Up with IoT and ML Digitalization is possible not only in enterprises. Digital transformation is catching up even with cities to make them more convenient for residents and less harmful to the planet. How to quickly monitor garbage cans, the state of forest parks, cycling and air purity with the help of big data, machine learning and the Internet of things? 17. The 23rd Century: Enter the Smart City While it is easy to visualize a smartphone, a smart TV, or even a smart car — the quintessential 23rd Century smart city might largely elicit confusion from the public. 18. How to Determine the Relative Smartness Level of a City To determine the relative smartness level of a city, there are several indicators that have been defined to arrive as such a number. These indicators, among many others, are: 19. Is "Society 5.0" Supplementing AI as Technology's Latest and Greatest Snake Oil? Photo Credit, Jeremy Weate 20. How Local Governments are Future-Proofing their Urban Centres with Blockchain Technology Nearly two thirds of the global population are city-dwellers. Urbanization, whilst generally associated with increased standards of living, better job opportunities, and access to critical services like healthcare, is intertwined with rapid industrialization, which puts tremendous pressure on environmental resources. 21. How IoT Technology Helps Cities to Focus on People As cities are concentrating the largest part of the world’s population, they face challenges that have never existed before. Evolution of smart cities from basic infrastructure elements to a comfortable urban ecosystem supports citizens throughout their lives and raises new concerns. 22. Is AI the Best Solution for Crowd Management? We increasingly use technology for a broad variety of purposes. One new purpose has been to manage crowds in crowded events to streamline the experience. 23. The Birth of a New Niche — Smart Cities By 2050, 66% of the world’s inhabitants will live in cities. Rapid urbanization entails global challenges, such as air pollution, power shortages, clean drinking water, and overpopulation. The demand from cities for technological solutions to these problems now makes up a global market of $1.5 trillion in value. 24. Understanding Usage Control in Smart Cities: Smart Health Use Case Usage control provides fine grained access to data and resources through restricting access to smart health resources. 25. Life in Smart Cities: Your Walk in the Park isn't Private Anymore Access control ensures authorized access to the city's municipalities, which is critical for ensuring the security of smart cities. 26. How Swarm Intelligence-Powered Vehicles and Smart Cities can Help Streamline Traffic Given the advent of autonomous cars and their growing penetration in the transportation market, it is empirical that companies consider using Swarm Intelligence to tackle traffic and make the daily commute a lot more pleasant for billions around the world. 27. Building Robots for Smarter Cities: How the Manufacturing Process is Everything Hardware is seeing a resurgence and exponential innovation similar to the software boom a decade ago. And as a robotic delivery company founded in 2017, we have been navigating the manufacturing world and hardware revolution, picking up product design and smart tips along the way. [28. Edge Computing Is So Fun - Part 2: The Future  Begins with The Road Side Unit](https://hackernoon.com/edge-computing-is-so-fun-part-2-the-future-begins-with-the-road-side-unit-4ls3wrp) This is the second in a series of articles on edge computing, delving into the infrastructure of outdoor edge computing, the emergence of the Roadside Unit as a common building block, a real-life example of the Roadside Unit, and the way forward. 29. Digital Dystopia as a Panopticon Model of Society Much has been written about the mechanisms of social control that have appeared in China since 2010. And especially many publications are devoted to the emerging system of social credit, which will allow monitoring and regulate the behavior of citizens, which later transforms into a system of social rating. 30. Understanding Data Usage Control in a Smart City Learn how data usage can be controlled in smart cities? 31. Art + Science + Scripture = Bible Math This science/scripture/art article known as Bible Math came about in a most-riveting, creative, and spiritual way. For over two decades, I have been leading weekly Bible Discussion Groups and studying the Bible with people on an individual mentoring level. In the course of these spiritual adventures, as part of the City of Angels International Christian Church, I am typically delighted to share the gospel with all who are willing to listen and put the word of God into practice. Such delight is especially true of the following mathematics-focused Bible study. [32. Edge Computing Is So Fun Part 3: Help Save The Planet With Smart Cities](https://hackernoon.com/edge-computing-is-so-fun-part-3-help-save-the-planet-with-smart-cities-n5143e85) Figure 1. Singapore was ranked №1 on the Institute for Management Development’s 2020 Smart City Index Report. Credit: International Case Studies of Smart Cities 33. Why SigFox is Not a Good Option for Connected Street-Lighting SigFox has notable data size limitations; while it can be good for several IoT applications, it limits the smart street lighting E2E capabilities. Thank you for checking out the 33 most read stories about Smart Cities on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

33 Stories To Learn About Smart Cities

Microsoft v. United States (2016) Court Filing, retrieved on July 14, 2016, is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 1 of 22. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here 3. Legislative History We consult the Act’s legislative history to test our conclusion. In enacting the SCA, Congress expressed a concern that developments in technology could erode the privacy interest that Americans traditionally enjoyed in their records and communications. See S. Rep. No. 99‐541, at 3 (“With the advent of computerized recordkeeping systems, Americans have lost the ability to lock away a great deal of personal and business information.”); H.R. Rep. No. 99‐647, at 19 (1986) (“[M]ost important, if Congress does not act to protect the privacy of our citizens, we may see the gradual erosion of a precious right.”). In particular, Congress noted that the actions of private parties were largely unregulated when it came to maintaining the privacy of stored electronic communications.  See S. Rep. No. 99‐541, at 3; H.R. Rep. No. 99‐647, at 18.  And Congress observed further that recent Supreme Court precedent called into question the breadth of the protection to which electronic records and communications might be entitled under the Fourth Amendment.  See S. Rep. No. 99‐ 541, at 3 (citing United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 (1976), for proposition that because records and private correspondence in computing context are “subject to control by a third party computer operator, the information may be subject to no constitutional privacy protection”); H.R. Rep. No. 99‐647, at 23 (citing Miller for proposition that “under current law a subscriber or customer probably has very limited rights to assert in connection with the disclosure of records held or maintained by remote computing services”). Accordingly, Congress set out to erect a set of statutory protections for stored electronic communications.  See S. Rep. No. 99‐541, at 3; H.R. Rep. No. 99‐647, at 19.  In regard to governmental access, Congress sought to ensure that the protections traditionally afforded by the Fourth Amendment extended to the electronic forum.  See H.R. Rep. No. 99‐647, at 19 (“Additional legal protection is necessary to ensure the continued vitality of the Fourth Amendment.”).  It therefore modeled § 2703 after its understanding of the scope of the Fourth Amendment.  As the House Judiciary Committee explained in its report, it appeared likely to the Committee that “the courts would find that the parties to an e‐mail transmission have a ‘reasonable expectation of privacy’ and that a warrant of some kind is required.”  Id. at 22. We believe this legislative history tends to confirm our view that the Act’s privacy provisions were its impetus and focus.  Although Congress did not overlook law enforcement needs in formulating the statute, neither were those needs the primary motivator for the enactment.  See S. Rep. No. 99‐541, at 3 (in drafting SCA, Senate Judiciary Committee sought “to protect privacy interests in personal and proprietary information, while protecting the Government’s legitimate law enforcement needs”). Taken as a whole, the legislative history tends to confirm our view that the focus of the SCA’s warrant provisions is on protecting users’ privacy interests in stored communications. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case No. 15–777 retrieved on September 27, 2023, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. cases.justia.com

Advancements in Technology Could Erode the Privacy Interests of American Citizens

In 2023, the global crypto landscape is rapidly evolving, with regulations and taxes tightening their grip on the industry. Crypto workers and enthusiasts are on the lookout for safe havens that embrace and digital currencies without numerous complications. distributed ledger technology . From the picturesque Zug in Switzerland to the forward-thinking Dubai, these cities could offer a refuge from the tightening regulatory landscape, making them ideal destinations for those seeking to live and work in the crypto space. So, you can explore our list of the top crypto-friendly cities, where innovative regulations and favorable tax policies provide a haven for crypto workers and investors Zug (Switzerland) Zug, often referred to as "Crypto Valley," stands as a testament to Switzerland's crypto-friendly environment. With its favorable regulatory framework, low taxes, and a proactive approach to embracing cryptocurrencies and their related technology, Zug has become a global hub for crypto-related businesses and innovation. This is a scenic city located in central Switzerland, known for its lakeside setting and proximity to the Swiss Alps. The region experiences a temperate climate, and it’s renowned for its cultural events, stunning landscapes, and a rich history of commerce and innovation. , Cardano Foundation, Tezos Foundation, Dfinity, Nexo, and Bancor. Today, it’s also home to over 800 crypto , including the Ethereum Foundation companies and organizations . VAT is not applied to native token transactions, like Bitcoin or Ether. Additionally, cantonal taxes based on market value, like the Net Wealth Tax, may vary based on factors such as income, marital status, and residence permit type. A single taxpayer with an income below 77,000 CHF (approx. 77,800 EUR) could be exempt. The region offers a low corporate (up to 15.1%), a Capital Gains Tax of up to 7.8% (only for businesses and big traders), and the ability to pay taxes in cryptocurrency income tax Singapore (Republic of Singapore) Singapore has emerged as a crypto-friendly city with a well-defined regulatory framework. It serves as a hub 659 crypto-related businesses, including major companies and NGOs like (until 2021), Oasis Foundation, Moonbeam Foundation, and Crypto.com. , despite recent setbacks faced by homegrown projects (aka ). for around Binance Singapore's regulatory structure, digital infrastructure, and ease of doing business have made it a top destination for crypto companies Terraform Labs and 3AC This island state is situated in Southeast Asia, boasts a tropical climate, and is known for its high living costs (and salaries). Singapore's crypto community is diverse and inclusive, attracting talent from around the world. Despite growing competition from cities like Dubai and Hong Kong, Singapore remains a strong player in the crypto regulatory space and continues to foster innovation and collaboration within the fintech industry. Individual taxpayers generally don't need to pay income tax on their crypto holdings unless they are professional traders, big miners, or receive crypto as payment for goods and services. Besides, paying with crypto doesn’t imply taxes. due to its lack of capital gains tax, making it an attractive location for crypto investors. It stands out A setback here could be that people engaging in crypto staking and lending activities, earning an annual income of SGD 300 (around $219) or higher, may probably be liable for income tax on their profits. depends on an individual's residence status (resident or not), and varies between 0% and 24%, depending on the annual income. This tax Berlin (Germany) Berlin is located in northeastern Germany and is both the largest city in the country as well as its capital. . The city's crypto scene thrives on community-driven, decentralized events like the Berlin Blockchain Week. It offers diversity, numerous meetups, and spaces for fintech enthusiasts. It’s a tech hub that has attracted global companies like and and is also a major draw for crypto enthusiasts Google Meta Its crypto influence is undeniable, with ties to Ethereum's early days and the first Ethereum developers' meetup in 2014. Kreuzberg's Room 77 became the first bar globally to accept Bitcoin, and now there are around 12 cryptocurrency ATMs in the city. Besides, crypto-related projects, from DeFi platforms to NGOs, thrive in Berlin today. They include brands like Stacks, Tendermint (Ignite), Aeternity, Energy Web, and Matter Labs. over 97 Berlin's cost of living remains favorable compared to other European cities. Short-term income taxes vary depending on marital status and annual income, from 0% (income of less than $11,500) to 45% (income of over $293,800). Annual earnings of up to $634 aren’t taxable, even if exchanged to fiat before a year. Germany's incentivize long-term crypto holdings crypto tax policies since profits are only taxable if exchanged to fiat before a full year. San Salvador (El Salvador) San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador, has emerged as a crypto-friendly city in Central America, thanks to the country's pioneering approach to cryptocurrency adoption. El Salvador became the first nation to accept Bitcoin as legal tender in 2021. This move has been accompanied by various developments, including from Capital Gains Taxes for individuals and businesses. an exemption This one is designed to operate entirely on geothermal energy from the Conchagua volcano and prioritize the use of Bitcoin as a key element for economic liberation. The project, which aims to attract local and foreign companies in the crypto industry, already received recognition and . Besides, San Salvador boasts 61 Bitcoin ATMs, crypto can be used to pay other taxes, and the government is planning to build its own Bitcoin City relatively close to there. design awards Despite initial skepticism and uncertainty surrounding Bitcoin adoption, El Salvador's success has drawn considerable interest from both domestic and international investors. This unique approach to cryptocurrency has put San Salvador on the map as a crypto hub, with ongoing projects aiming to integrate crypto further into the city's infrastructure and daily life. Cheyenne, Wyoming (United States) Cheyenne, the capital of Wyoming, is a city in the United States known for its Western heritage and frontier history. On the other hand, it seems like Wyoming has more cattle than humans —but that may change with more crypto adoption. Currently, this state the most crypto-friendly in the United States. is considered Notably, the state passed a law exempting utility tokens from securities regulation, resolving a significant legal challenge for crypto companies. This legal clarity has made Wyoming attractive to crypto businesses, including major players like Kraken and IOG (formerly IOHK, Cardano developer). Since 2016, Wyoming has passed over 35 laws regulating various aspects of the crypto industry, creating a welcoming regulatory environment. According to the Center for Blockchain and Digital Innovation at the University of Wyoming, around 3,000 crypto companies are domiciled in Wyoming now. Besides, the state legally recognizes regulated custodians for crypto assets and allows its authorities to issue a backed by U.S. dollars or Treasury bonds. stablecoin And it’s also one of the in the country. The crypto community in Cheyenne often consists of startup creators, miners, legal professionals, accountants, and influential figures. On top of all this, Wyoming is . It has no state taxes on crypto earnings, transactions, personal income, corporate income, gifts, or inheritance. tax-free for cryptocurrencies least expensive states More cities (and citadels) Beyond the ones mentioned above, numerous cities worldwide are embracing cryptocurrency, offering favorable regulations and support for crypto firms. Dubai (UAE), known for crypto-friendly regulations, is luring more and more crypto companies like Boundless Pay, Metafluence, and Singular One. Lisbon combines a high quality of life with a low cost of living, making it attractive to remote crypto workers. Italy's Rovereto is a long-standing Bitcoin hub where cryptocurrency is widely accepted for various services and products. Madeira, a region in Portugal, is promoting crypto adoption by offering low taxes for crypto-related businesses. with an homonymous commercial complex. Ljubljana in Slovenia boasts a significant number of businesses accepting crypto payments and is working to become a "Bitcoin City," In addition, Latin America has seen the emergence of “ ” like El Zonte in El Salvador, Praia Bitcoin Brasil in Brazil, Bitcoin Jungle in Costa Rica, and Bitcoin Lake in Guatemala. These communities, often consisting of individuals underserved by traditional banking systems, have embraced Bitcoin and cryptos as an alternative. They've established circular economies, promoting crypto adoption among local merchants and offering educational resources. Bitcoin citadels Finally, we can also mention Liechtenstein and its capital Vaduz as one of the first places in the world to properly regulate and welcome cryptocurrencies —through its in 2020. is based in this territory. So, as you can see, the world can be your oyster! There are a lot of crypto-friendly cities to choose to live and work in 2023. Now it’s up to you to pick one. Blockchain Act Obyte Foundation Featured Vector Image by Freepik

Top 5 Crypto-Friendly Cities in 2023 Based on Taxes and Living Conditions

কর এবং জীবনযাত্রার অবস্থার উপর ভিত্তি করে 2023 সালে শীর্ষ 5টি ক্রিপ্টো-বান্ধব শহর

Top 5 kryptofreundlicher Städte im Jahr 2023, basierend auf Steuern und Lebensbedingungen

Las 5 principales ciudades compatibles con las criptomonedas en 2023 según los impuestos y las condiciones de vida

Top 5 des villes favorables à la cryptographie en 2023, en fonction des impôts et des conditions de vie

कर और रहने की स्थिति के आधार पर 2023 में शीर्ष 5 क्रिप्टो-अनुकूल शहर

税金と生活条件に基づく 2023 年の仮想通貨に優しい都市トップ 5

세금 및 생활 조건 기준 2023년 암호화폐 친화적인 상위 5개 도시

As 5 principais cidades criptográficas em 2023 com base em impostos e condições de vida

Топ-5 крипто-дружественных городов в 2023 году по налогам и условиям жизни

Vergiler ve Yaşam Koşullarına Göre 2023 Yılının En İyi 5 Kripto Dostu Şehir

5 thành phố thân thiện với tiền điện tử năm 2023 dựa trên thuế và điều kiện sống

根据税收和生活条件，2023 年加密货币友好城市前 5 名

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The TechBeat: Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities (10/10/2023)

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The TechBeat: Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities (10/8/2023)

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🪐 has got you covered with fresh content from our trending stories of the day! Set email preference . Want to know what's trending right now?: The Techbeat by HackerNoon here Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities By [ 7 Min read ]
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The TechBeat: Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities (10/6/2023)

How are you, hacker?
🪐 has got you covered with fresh content from our trending stories of the day! Set email preference . Want to know what's trending right now?: The Techbeat by HackerNoon here Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities By [ 7 Min read ]
As we stand on the threshold of this transformative technological revolution, the importance of urban planning for autonomous cities cannot be overstated. @maksimgusev01 Read More. SOLID Principles in Smart Contract Development By [ 4 Min read ]
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The article that went viral a few months ago now completely corrected and rewritten for September 2023. @thomascherickal Read More. Prompt Engineering: Understanding the Potential of Large Language Models By [ 4 Min read ]
Whether you're a developer integrating AI into your software or a no-coder, marketer, or business analyst adopting AI, prompt engineering is a MUST-HAVE skill t 🧑‍💻 What happened in your world this week?It's been said that , , . Feeling stuck? We got you covered ⬇️⬇️⬇️ We hope you enjoy this worth of free reading material. Feel free to forward this email to a nerdy friend who'll love you for it.See you on Planet Internet! With love,
The Hacker Noon Team ✌️ @youraimarketer Read More. writing can help consolidate technical knowledge establish credibility and contribute to emerging community standards ANSWER THESE GREATEST INTERVIEW QUESTIONS OF ALL TIME

The TechBeat: Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities (10/4/2023)

Picture this: a city where the streets flow like a choreographed dance, where vehicles move in perfect harmony, effortlessly gliding through intersections without a single honk or screeching brake. A city where the air is cleaner, traffic is a distant memory, and the cacophony of rush-hour congestion has been replaced by a tranquil urban symphony. Welcome to the future of urban living, where take the wheel and usher us into a new era of transportation. autonomous vehicles (AVs) As we stand on the threshold of this transformative technological revolution, the importance of urban planning for autonomous cities cannot be overstated. AVs hold the potential to revolutionize our urban landscapes, offering benefits from heightened safety to reduced gridlock and greater accessibility for all. Our journey throughout this article will take us through a series of essential waypoints, where we will examine the current state of AV technology, its implications for urban infrastructure, and the regulatory frameworks that are emerging to govern this new reality. We will also explore the potential challenges and ethical considerations that must be addressed along the way. So, fasten your seatbelts as we embark on a captivating exploration of urban planning for autonomous cities. The Rise of Autonomous Vehicles The technology behind AV has been in development for years, undergoing various stages of progression. These stages are classified from Level 0 to Level 5, depending on the degree of automation and AI integration: Vehicles in this category don't incorporate AI: drivers must control these vehicles solely based on their skills. No Automation (Level 0). Although the driver maintains control, the vehicle can offer limited assistance. Features might include Active Cruise Control (ACC) and Parking Sensors. Driver Assistance (Level 1). Vehicles at this level employ Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to control steering and braking, potentially averting collisions. Nonetheless, drivers should remain attentive. Partial Automation (Level 2). Here, the vehicle's AI can manage most tasks, but human intervention might still be necessary in certain situations. Conditional Automation (Level 3). If a human doesn't intervene when required, the AI can still ensure the safety of its passengers. It autonomously navigates, assesses its surroundings, and adjusts in accordance. High Automation (Level 4). This level characterizes the vision many have for the future of transportation. Such vehicles don't need a driver: they can travel safely in any environment and under any weather conditions, thanks to their highly sophisticated AI systems. Full Automation (Level 5). As cities globally have started embracing the concept of autonomous vehicles, the state of their deployment varies due to different factors. Some cities have already initiated pilot programs, while others are still in the planning stages. Indeed, the adoption of AV is not without challenges: safety concerns, regulatory hurdles, infrastructure readiness, and public acceptance are among the most pressing issues cities face. Key Players in AV Development However, nowadays, the autonomous vehicle landscape is vast, with both legacy automakers and cutting-edge tech firms playing pivotal roles. Among these can be highlighted the well-known , which plans to launch its autonomous commercial vehicle based on the Ford Escape Hybrid in collaboration with Argo AI; aims to introduce the , IONIQ 5, in teamwork with Hyundai Motor Company; 's Autopilot feature is also a hallmark in driver assistance, evolving continuously through deep learning. Ford Aptiv PLC all-electric Robotaxi Tesla Among those who make their contributions to AV development are companies that are not associated with vehicles in the first place. is a pioneer in creating sensors and software for autonomous cars. Their partnership with Volvo resulted in the first car equipped with Luminar's LIDAR system as standard. Traditionally known for its graphic processing units, 's Drive Orin chip is a beacon in intelligent vehicle computing — their tech is already being employed by firms like Lucid Group and BYD. Luminar Technologies NVIDIA Transforming Urban Transportation: What Advantages AVs Can Introduce to Our Lives Autonomous vehicles possess the transformative ability to mitigate urban traffic congestion. Through advanced algorithms and real-time data, AVs can choose the most efficient routes, minimizing traffic jams. Additionally, platooning — vehicles traveling closely at consistent speeds — can optimize road space and enhance traffic flow. AVs have the potential to significantly benefit seniors, individuals with disabilities, and underserved communities by offering mobility solutions. No longer constrained by traditional vehicle operation challenges, these groups can enjoy newfound freedom and independence. For example, in reaching doctor and personal care visits, purchasing food and supplies, and attending community events. AVs could assist the elderly The environmental merits of AVs are noteworthy, too. Their precision driving can lead to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by reducing fuel consumption. Moreover, as many AVs are likely to be electric, the decrease in fossil fuel dependence signifies a cleaner urban environment. Preparing Urban Infrastructure: Where to Begin The Need for Smart Infrastructure As the dawn of the autonomous vehicle era approaches, cities must prioritize upgrading their infrastructure. It's important to integrate advanced traffic management systems that can communicate seamlessly with AVs. The incorporation of dedicated AV lanes can further ensure smooth traffic flow and safety. Cybersecurity and Data Management Autonomous vehicles' vast amounts of data must be securely managed to prevent breaches and misuse. Cities will need to implement robust cybersecurity protocols and develop frameworks for data management to protect both the vehicles and their passengers. Legal and Regulatory Framework The integration of AVs into urban spaces requires a comprehensive re-evaluation of existing legal and regulatory structures as well as cybersecurity, ensuring safety, addressing liability concerns, and establishing standards. Cities must actively collaborate with industry stakeholders and policymakers to draft initiatives that facilitate the harmonious coexistence of AVs and traditional vehicles. Nonetheless, as the global trend for AV integration continues, there are already great examples of cities across the world that implement consistent strategies to come to fruitful results. Case Studies: Cities Leading the Way is definitely at the forefront of adopting autonomous vehicles. A*STAR's Institute for Infocomm Research pioneered the movement with its self-driving vehicle, the first to be approved for public road testing in one-north in 2015. Concurrently, collaborations between the National University of Singapore and the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology have resulted in innovative prototypes, enabling on-demand shuttle services around the NUS campus and initiating public trials in locales like the Chinese and Japanese Gardens as early as 2014. Singapore has taken significant steps toward advancing autonomous vehicle adoption, notably through its collaboration with Volvo launched the project, recognized as the world's most advanced public autonomous driving experiment, rolling out the first autonomous Volvo XC90 SUV from its Torslanda facility. This vehicle is the pioneering model in a series set to be provided to Gothenburg families for public road use. Gothenburg . Volvo Cars Drive Me There are far more examples of both cities and companies bringing the future of AV, such as operating in and in , and in , and a myriad of others. If you are curious to know more, consider looking at of the cities provided by KPMG. Waymo Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Didi Chuxing Tesla Shanghai, China Nissan Honda Tokyo, Japan this list Community Engagement and Ethical Considerations However, to make use of the numerous potential advantages of AVs for every city in the world in the future — from increased safety to optimized mobility — it is vital that communities play an active role in the planning and decision-making processes. As AVs are conceived to reshape the fabric of our cities, ensuring that the voices of the people who inhabit these spaces are heard is the key to equitable development. As noted by Jennifer Henaghan, the editor of , by involving communities, planners can help strike a balance between technological advancements and the real-world needs of residents. the American Planning Association’s report The onset of AVs also presents a bundle of ethical concerns. AV decision-making algorithms, for instance, are under scrutiny. How should an AV react in situations where harm is unavoidable? Whom should it prioritize? Liability issues, too, become a grey area: should the vehicle's manufacturer, software provider, or owner be blamed? Moreover, with technology companies at the helm of AV advancements, there is a looming threat to privacy, data security, and personal safety. Addressing these concerns requires an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating inputs from tech experts, urban planners, legal consultants, and the public to ensure that the future of transport remains transparent, accountable, and fair. Driving Into the Future: What is Awaiting And What Can Do Now? We The aforementioned interdisciplinary approach, however, will inevitably lead us to the presence of a large number of, sometimes even opposing, opinions. reflecting the comparative analysis of users', urban planners, and developers' assumptions, hopes, and concerns about autonomous vehicles claims that positive results will be achieved only if AVs are introduced in alignment with the collective wishes of society. However, while some of the assumptions and hopes were shared across the focus groups, there were some concerns that varied from team to team, signifying that there is something to work on to finally come to an agreement and start acting harmoniously. A recent research paper Lastly, navigating the imminent transformation in urban mobility goes beyond just technology and stretches to ensuring alignment with society's broader aspirations. From future users to developers and urban planners, the consensus underscores the need for collaborative decision-making. As we steer into the era of autonomous cities, it's vital to remember that this journey is about co-creating a future that genuinely benefits society. Our shared drive towards this horizon promises an exhilarating journey, and united, we can make it transformative.

Navigating Tomorrow's Roads: Urban Planning for Autonomous Cities

Technology and software employees are once again in high demand despite the industry witnessing droves of layoffs and job cuts at the start of the year. In a recent turn of events, some big-tech companies, and startups are looking to fill open positions, calling on previous employees to return or apply for new vacancies. Tech layoffs made headlines this year, as technology and software companies severely reduced their headcount in an attempt to stabilize their bottom line and shake up their balance sheets. Already this year, around 1,589 companies have , with job cuts peaking in January. laid off more than 359,000 employees With thousands of employees being booted, and demand for advanced digital tools, against the backdrop of artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly evolving, some companies are now ready to hire again. Historically, the San Francisco Bay Area and Silicon Valley were considered the go-to place for novice tech employees looking to break into the industry. However, as the marketplace has undergone dynamic changes, and many companies are looking to relocate to other parts of the country, mostly for tax purposes, many have taken those open positions with them. Best U.S. Cities For Tech Jobs Several sources provide a deep dive into the tech industry, and more importantly, the cities across the country where most of these jobs are located. Finding the right tech job is mostly about looking in the right place. While you might recognize some familiar names on this list, here’s a look at some alternative options where you could find many suitable tech jobs. Austin, Texas Welcome to Silicon Hills - the Silicon Valley of Texas. While Austin is famous for its music, culture, and food, in recent years, it’s become a go-to place for tech companies and employees, as the city offers a relatively affordable cost of living, an attractive business environment, and perhaps the best - no state income tax. The city has the sixth-highest concentration of tech jobs in the country, with companies such as IBM, Amazon, Tesla, and Dell all having a presence here. The reported that last year, the city’s tech industry grew by 9.8%, while jobs in the metropolitan area increased by 8.5%. Austin Chambers A recent study showed that Austin has experienced a significant increase in new tech jobs, drawing in young workers from across the country. Between 2016 and 2021, Austin experienced a in their 30s. 52% increase in tech workers According to the same study, salaries for tech workers have jumped by 18% during the last five years, with the average employee now earning around $104,000 annually. The highest-paying roles are currently concentrated in computer and Information Technology (IT), with these employees earning an average of $164,770 annually. Seattle, Washington The Emerald City has continuously been a go-to place for thousands of tech workers, as Seattle boasts several big-tech headquarters, and most recent data revealed that the city sees nearly one in ten residents working in tech. In total, more than 160,660 city residents, or 83.78 per 1,000 work in the technology and software industry, making it one of the areas with the highest concentration of tech workers in the Pacific Northwest. Despite the thousands of layoffs the industry experienced earlier in the year, Seattle continued to see growing tech job vacancies and estimates predict that Washington State will see a nearly this year - the largest projected increase in the U.S. 4% increase in tech job openings Figures from a report showed that the average salary in Seattle rose by 7.6% between 2021 and 2022 to $129,456. Seattle ranked third in terms of having the highest-paid tech workers, with Boston and Silicon Valley in second and first place, respectively. Tech Salary Trends Huntsville, Alabama For quite some time, Huntsville, Alabama, has steadily become one of the biggest, and perhaps most attractive tech hubs in the South. While the local industry not only offers high-paying jobs, some of the best in the country, affordable housing and better cost of living are also drawing in younger tech workers. Tech is one of the biggest employers, with tech of overall employment in the city, higher than the national average of 9.5%. While not necessarily big in terms of other places such as New York and Silicon Valley, Huntsville has a fast-growing ecosystem of tech startups, and software companies now planting their roots here. jobs accounting for 17.6% The average annual salary ranges anywhere from $104,150 to $194,484, with tech jobs paying 2.9 times higher than the average salary across nearly every job category in the city. While the area is still up-and-coming and provides ample room for techies to grow their careers, the city has a slightly above-average quality of living and a relatively younger workforce. Although it might not be as exciting as other bigger, and more well-known places, Huntsville is a good place to launch a tech career. San Jose, California San Jose is considered to be the epicenter of tech jobs in the U.S., and at the heart of the city, lies Silicon Valley. There is seldom a shortage of tech jobs in San Jose, and although the area was at the center of earlier tech layoffs this year, things are starting to shape up, with some of the biggest names in the industry looking to hire again. Historically, the area was considered to be for veteran and professional tech workers who already have years of experience in their fields. However, new developments and advancements in the field of technology, and more so, artificial intelligence, are helping to create a wealth of opportunities for younger, and less-experienced techies. Who will you be working for? Well, only some of the biggest, and most prominent names in the tech industry, of course. Companies including Apple, Adobe, eBay, Google, Paypal, Cisco Systems, Meta Platforms, Tesla, Zoom, and HP, among others are located around the city. Nearby Stanford University has helped supply San Jose with cohorts of fresh tech graduates each year, however, there is enough room for experienced professionals to leverage available opportunities. Due to the nature of the highly competitive market, tech workers typically receive some of the biggest salaries here, compared to other parts of the country. Recent show that salaries can range from $30,000 to $151,500, with the average salary ranging around $92,500. statistics This might seem small compared to other cities on our list, however, there have been reports of some tech workers making more than $200,000. Boulder, Colorado The small and tight-knit community of Boulder, Colorado has become a popular destination for tech workers and venture capital investors alike in recent years, with some big-tech companies setting down roots in the city. What draws tech workers here is not necessarily the opportunities offered by big companies like Google, IBM, Twitter, or Sphero, but more than this, the area provides residents access to a wide range of outdoor and nature activities. Endless hiking trails, lakes, rivers, and creeks are only some of the most attractive outdoor attractions Boulder has to offer. Venture capital investment is one of the more lucrative spin-off industries, with some tech consultants earning on average $118,150 a year, which equates to roughly $9,845 per month. Big salaries, endless outdoor attractions, high quality of living, and continuous growth makes Boulder one of the most popular places for tech workers looking to launch their career. While the cost of living tends to be slightly above the national average, nearly 67% more, every dollar spent here will be worth it. Raleigh, North Carolina For techies living on the East Coast, Raleigh has steadily been making a name for itself in the tech industry over recent years. What makes and live is the affordable cost of living compared to other bigger cities such as San Jose or nearby Washington D.C. Raleigh a top place to work On average, the city boasts roughly 58.47 tech jobs per 1,000 people and sees more than 37,000 residents currently working in the tech and software field. Commerce is perhaps the third most lucrative and active industry, which is often considered a branch of the wider tech industry. One would think that a mid-sized city such as Raleigh would offer employees less money. Well, that’s not necessarily the case. According to statistics, the average residential salary is roughly $133,478 as of 2023. Indeed.com IBM currently ranks as the highest-paying employer, with the annual tech worker making nearly $104,222 per year. Salaries typically range anywhere from $53,000 to more than $140,000, depending on the position and experience. What’s more, Raleigh sees roughly six percent of the city’s population working in tech, and with nearby Durham being only a stone’s throw away, tech workers have endless options to choose from when searching for new jobs. Washington D.C. D.C. isn’t only decorated with the headquarters of the federal government, instead the city features several high-tech companies, including IBM, Deltek, Intuit, Appian, and Salesforce. Sitting among these names are also several dozen federal government tech and software agencies and organizations, some of which play a vital role in the country’s national defense and cybersecurity. Aside from the government pumping billions into the fast-track development of technology and artificial tools, from 2021 showed that 10 tech companies raised more than $2.4 billion in venture capital. reports The city features a colorful range of tech jobs, with the more lucrative positions being available in the private sector. While a federal government job might pay slightly less, tech workers tend to scoop these up relatively quickly due to the high level of job security that comes with it. Cybersecurity, healthtech or medtech, and software are some of the most active sectors in the D.C. tech industry. Paychecks are relatively big, compared to other parts of the country, with the average tech employee making a median of $117,730 per year. A from 2021 showed that D.C. ranked third in the country in terms of average tech professional pay. report New York City, New York You can’t make a list of the best cities for tech professionals without mentioning New York City at least once. The Big Apple has been a long-standing favorite for many tech employees looking to escape the West Coast. While the city boasts ample opportunities around every corner, that big corporate paycheck won’t get you much here. New York City broke the record for having the this past summer in the country, with some residents paying more than $4,000 on average for their apartment. highest average monthly rent In terms of compared to San Francisco, New York City outranks the Bay Area in nearly every category. Rent isn’t only 13.0% higher here compared to San Francisco, eating out in a restaurant tends to be 6.6% higher, while overall consumer prices including rent are 7.3% more expensive in the city. costs of living Despite the eye-watering rents, crowded public spaces, and shortage of greenery, New York City remains one of the best places for tech workers looking for a good-paying job at one of the country’s most reputable tech companies. In , experienced developers and engineers can make anything up to $151,339 per year, while UX designers can make up to $122,427 per year. Not bad considering you’ll spend most of that on rent and public transport. terms of salary Boston, Massachusetts Don’t let Boston’s historic remnants fool you, while the city may play as the backdrop to one of the oldest towns in the country, it boasts a thriving tech and software industry, with biotech, fintech, and edtech being among the fastest-growing sectors. Some of the best high-tech employers in the city include NVIDIA, which is currently spearheading the AI industry, Boston Dynamics, Skillsoft, and Toast. For any techies new to the market, be warned that the job market here can be somewhat competitive with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) being one of the biggest suppliers of freshly graduated professionals to local tech companies. Based on current data, paychecks tend to be in line with that of the industry average, and of other tech-forward cities. However, experience will help in the long run, and will count in your favor if you’re looking to stand out from the crowd. Developers and software engineers per year, while product designers pay about $139,424 annually. Those working in data and analytics can look to make more than $114,000 per year, while other entry-level tech jobs typically pay between $65,000 and $92,000 per year. make on average $137,063 Boston is not only historic, but for younger tech workers, it can easily be a vibrant, and exciting place to live, especially with so many young residents moving here for the exceptional quality of life. Colorado Springs, Colorado While smaller, one shouldn’t overlook Colorado Springs as a suitable option to start or build a tech career. The city sees about 53.56 tech positions for every 1,000 people, and there are currently more than 15,000 residents employed in the local tech industry. Who’s hiring here? Some names include Tek Experts, BlueStacks, and Ivanti, among others. The industry here is heavily concentrated on IT, software, and product development. While there aren’t many big-tech names that have offices in Colorado Springs, smaller, and less competitive companies give newcomers the perfect opportunity to launch their tech careers. A key selling point for many tech workers here is not only the more relaxed working environment but the seemingly affordable cost of living. Despite inflation taking a toll on many people these last few months, Colorado Springs tends to be only . 5% more expensive than the national average When you begin to compare the cost of things such as housing, transportation, and utilities to other major tech cities, you begin to realize that Colorado Springs seems a lot more affordable than one would think. With the Rocky Mountains as the backdrop to the city, and with the nearby Pike National Forest, outdoor recreational activities are a big part of your lifestyle here. A thriving community of young people has moved to Colorado Springs during the pandemic, as the city played host to being one of the most attractive Zoom Towns during an era of remote work. Where Do You Go Next? Well, that all depends on what you’re looking for in terms of a city, and how much you’re looking to make. While some cities offer big and hefty paychecks, the cost of living tends to eat up a lot of your disposable income. On the other hand, a smaller and less popular destination would help you kickstart your tech career, while you’re also saving more money, and building up experience. The tech industry is constantly changing, and new trends are unfolding every day. Staying ahead of the curve will help you secure a well-paying stable job that provides you not only with job security but more importantly, a city that you can call home and makes you feel welcome.

Hey Tech Workers! Companies Are Hiring Again: The 10 Best Cities to Find Tech Jobs

In the heart of Saudi Arabia’s vast desert landscape, where sand dunes meet the shores of the Red Sea, lies a futuristic vision that aims to redefine the way we live - . This mass-scale mega-city project isn’t just about constructing a it’s about breathing life into a vision that combines cutting-edge technology with sustainable living to create an oasis like no other. NEOM smart city ; This grand endeavor seeks to establish a modern utopia, a place where imagination meets technology and the limits of possibility are pushed beyond what we thought was possible. So, let’s explore the potential this city holds to be the next big thing and whether it can spark a wave of similar smart city projects worldwide. The Rise of Smart Cities I believe that it’s an undeniable fact that smart cities are revolutionizing urban development and bringing a paradigm shift in the way we live and interact with one another. Smart cities are the manifestation of our collective aspiration to harmonize urban living with technological innovation. These cities to optimize resource allocation, enhance efficiency, and improve the quality of life for their citizens. leverage data-driven solutions Let’s look at some preceding NEOM to grasp what may be in store for us. smart city projects Songdo, South Korea Often known as the , Songdo is an international business district near Incheon. Designed from the ground up, Songdo is characterized by its cutting-edge technology integration and sustainable infrastructure. world’s first smart city With data being at the heart of all Seoul city projects, Songdo is no exception. There are monitoring everything from energy consumption to traffic flow and waste management in real-time, ensuring efficiency and environmental consciousness. The city also features a , through which waste is whisked away with the help of underground tubes. , sensors embedded throughout the city central pneumatic waste collection system Songdo's presence is a reminder that the ideals set forth by NEOM and other forward-thinking projects are already being realized elsewhere to enrich the lives of residents while setting new standards for urban development. Singapore Being named the “ ,” Singapore is one of the frontrunners in the global race for going ‘smart.’ With the city-state having long been recognized for its strategic urban planning and efforts to promote sustainability, Singapore’s transition to a smart city began with the launch of its “ ” initiative. This initiative aimed to leverage data and technology to improve citizens' lives. smartest city in Asia Smart Nation They introduced a number of smart technologies in both the private and public sectors. Ranging from a contactless payment system, to aid the millions of passengers availing public transport every day to the creation of robotic patrol police, and a facilitating online consultations and an IoT device to monitor patients’ health. , SimplyGo digital health system Singapore sets a precedent for the relationship between technology and urban living, standing out as a shining example of how embracing innovation can lead to sustainable and harmonious urban environments. NEOM: A Glimpse into the Future NEOM isn't just a city; it’s aimed to be a manifesto for urban development. The vision is to create an oasis where humans and technology can coexist synergistically. Let’s explore what plans the Saudi government has for this colossal smart city project. About NEOM NEOM is a smart city project planned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as part of its initiative. This plan aims to reduce Saudi Arabia’s dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and boost the country’s public and private sectors. Saudi Vision 2030 NEOM is to be built in the country’s northwestern Tabuk province, north of the Red Sea and in close proximity to the east of Egypt and the south of Jordan. The area for the project is 26,500km2 and currently encompasses four different planned regions so far: Sindalah Nestled along the Red Sea coast, is an island destination that embodies the spirit of leisure, luxury, and recreation. With pristine beaches, luxury resorts, and a thriving entertainment scene, this region is envisioned as a haven for relaxation and entertainment. It offers a plethora of underwater activities and will also be a yachting hub for some of the world’s most prominent yachting enthusiasts with its 86-berth marina and 75 off-shore buoys. Sindalah Trojena emerges as a dynamic ski resort with elevations ranging from 1,500 to 2,600 meters and a pristine expanse spanning nearly 60 square kilometers. Trojena offers an enchanting playground for winter sports enthusiasts. Blanketed in snow during sub-zero winters, this alpine haven promises exhilarating slopes, breathtaking panoramas, and an unforgettable skiing experience that embodies the spirit of adventure within NEOM's visionary landscape. Trojena Oxagon Previously known as Neom Industrial City, is an octagonal floating industrial complex. Situated around 25 kilometers north of Duba, Oxagon envelops a sprawling expanse of 200–250 square kilometers. This marvel is set to redefine modern manufacturing and industrial research, positioning itself as a dynamic hub for progress centered around the expansion of Duba port. Expected to be powered by 100% renewable energy, Oxagon's blueprint includes a desalination plant, a hydrogen facility, and an oceanographic research center, emphasizing NEOM's commitment to sustainable practices and scientific exploration. Oxagon The Line At the heart of NEOM's vision lies , a linear city stretching across 170 kilometers. The Line promises to be a blueprint for sustainability and efficiency. Free from the constraints of conventional urban design, it will be powered by 100% renewable energy and will feature cutting-edge transportation systems and AI-powered services. The Line's unique structure emphasizes proximity to nature, ensuring that no resident is more than a five-minute walk away from green spaces, offering a harmonious blend of urban and natural environments. The Line NEOM’s Impact Right now, the whole world is keeping a close eye on NEOM and waiting to see how it unfolds. If the project turns out to be a success, it could have implications spanning far and wide. Economic and Societal Impact The economic and societal impact of NEOM will be unprecedented. Job creation in emerging sectors such as data analytics, cybersecurity, and could reshape the employment landscape. NEOM is expected to create hundreds of thousands of job opportunities for locals and immigrants alike in the country. The Line alone is by 2030. AI programming expected to create 380,000 jobs Furthermore, the very essence of smart cities, which are convenience, efficiency, and sustainability, has the potential to elevate citizens' well-being. The findings of a by the McKinsey Global Institute show that cities that use smart technologies improve some key quality-of-life indicators by 10 to 30 percent. This contributes to shorter commutes, fewer crimes, a reduced health burden, and more lives saved. In addition to that, when citizens are freed from mundane tasks by automation and empowered by technology, they can focus on creative pursuits, personal growth, and contributing meaningfully to society. report Global Implications NEOM's success could also potentially send ripples across the globe, inspiring other nations to follow suit. As we witness various countries embarking on their smart city journeys, NEOM's innovative approach might serve as a benchmark for what's possible. From China's tech-driven city of to India's plans for sustainable urban development in , the world is closely watching and learning from NEOM. Xiong'an Lavasa Challenges facing NEOM The path to smart city utopia isn’t without thorns, and NEOM faces a spectrum of challenges and severe criticism that demand careful consideration. NEOM has not been without its share of controversies, with notable issues including the from their ancestral lands and allegations of human rights violations against migrant laborers. forced displacement of the Huwaitat tribe Critics have also voiced legitimate concerns about the feasibility and long-term sustainability of NEOM. The sheer magnitude of the project, coupled with its potential environmental repercussions, has prompted valid inquiries. Realizing the city’s grand ambitions, such as achieving full reliance on , building a floating trade hub, and implementing autonomous transportation, presents substantial challenges. renewable energy The geopolitical landscape surrounding NEOM introduces an additional layer of uncertainty. Given its proximity to Egypt and Jordan, the intricate dynamics of the region add complexity that could influence the project's outcomes. Then, there are also concerns about the amalgamation of technology in the design for NEOM. A prominent reason why Songdo didn’t achieve the success it was meant for was its . The city was designed with technology in mind, keeping humans in the peripheral rather than keeping the needs of humans in mind and using technology to fulfill those needs. NEOM must avoid making the same mistake. technology-centric design Will Smart Cities Be the Next Big Thing? As the sun sets over the desert, NEOM illuminates the horizon with countless possibilities. In the wake of this transformative vision, the question looms: Will smart cities become the next big thing? As we witness the convergence of , sustainability, and urban living, it's undeniable that smart cities hold immense promise. NEOM's grand endeavor underscores the potential for harmonizing innovation and nature. However, for this vision to thrive globally, challenges like environmental impact, inclusivity, and geopolitical complexities must be navigated with wisdom. technology The path forward demands a delicate balance between progress and responsibility, ensuring that the evolution of urban landscapes becomes a testament to human advancement that respects our planet and fosters shared prosperity.

Saudi NEOM Sparks a Brighter Future: Will Smart Cities Be the Next Big Thing?

সৌদি NEOM একটি উজ্জ্বল ভবিষ্যত তৈরি করে: স্মার্ট শহরগুলি কি পরবর্তী বড় জিনিস হবে?

Saudi-Arabiens NEOM eröffnet eine bessere Zukunft: Werden Smart Cities das nächste große Ding sein?

NEOM saudita genera un futuro más brillante: ¿Serán las ciudades inteligentes la próxima gran novedad?

NEOM saoudien ouvre un avenir meilleur : les villes intelligentes seront-elles la prochaine grande nouveauté ?

सऊदी NEOM एक उज्जवल भविष्य की आशा करता है: क्या स्मार्ट शहर अगली बड़ी चीज़ होंगे?

サウジのNEOMが明るい未来を拓く: スマートシティが次の目玉となるのか?

사우디 NEOM은 더 밝은 미래를 촉발합니다: 스마트 시티가 차세대 혁신이 될까요?

NEOM saudita desperta um futuro mais brilhante: as cidades inteligentes serão a próxima grande novidade?

Suudi NEOM Daha Parlak Bir Geleceğe Yol Açıyor: Akıllı Şehirler Bir Sonraki Büyük Şey mi Olacak?

Saudi NEOM khơi dậy một tương lai tươi sáng hơn: Liệu các thành phố thông minh có trở thành điều lớn lao tiếp theo không?

沙特 NEOM 开启更光明的未来：智慧城市会成为下一个重大事件吗？

Mark Twain's Speeches by Mark Twain, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . EDUCATION AND CITIZENSHIP here EDUCATION AND CITIZENSHIP On the evening of May 14, 1908, the alumni of the College of
          the City of New York celebrated the opening of the new college
          buildings at a banquet in the Waldorf Astoria.  Mr. Clemens
          followed Mayor McClellan. I agreed when the Mayor said that there was not a man within hearing who did not agree that citizenship should be placed above everything else, even learning. Have you ever thought about this? Is there a college in the whole country where there is a chair of good citizenship? There is a kind of bad citizenship which is taught in the schools, but no real good citizenship taught. There are some which teach insane citizenship, bastard citizenship, but that is all. Patriotism! Yes; but patriotism is usually the refuge of the scoundrel. He is the man who talks the loudest. You can begin that chair of citizenship in the College of the City of New York. You can place it above mathematics and literature, and that is where it belongs. We used to trust in God. I think it was in 1863 that some genius suggested that it be put upon the gold and silver coins which circulated among the rich. They didn’t put it on the nickels and coppers because they didn’t think the poor folks had any trust in God. Good citizenship would teach accuracy of thinking and accuracy of statement. Now, that motto on the coin is an overstatement. Those Congressmen had no right to commit this whole country to a theological doctrine. But since they did, Congress ought to state what our creed should be. There was never a nation in the world that put its whole trust in God. It is a statement made on insufficient evidence. Leaving out the gamblers, the burglars, and the plumbers, perhaps we do put our trust in God after a fashion. But, after all, it is an overstatement. If the cholera or black plague should come to these shores, perhaps the bulk of the nation would pray to be delivered from it, but the rest would put their trust in the Health Board of the City of New York. I read in the papers within the last day or two of a poor young girl who they said was a leper. Did the people in that populous section of the country where she was—did they put their trust in God? The girl was afflicted with the leprosy, a disease which cannot be communicated from one person to another. Yet, instead of putting their trust in God, they harried that poor creature, shelterless and friendless, from place to place, exactly as they did in the Middle Ages, when they made lepers wear bells, so that people could be warned of their approach and avoid them. Perhaps those people in the Middle Ages thought they were putting their trust in God. The President ordered the removal of that motto from the coin, and I thought that it was well. I thought that overstatement should not stay there. But I think it would better read, “Within certain judicious limitations we trust in God,” and if there isn’t enough room on the coin for this, why, enlarge the coin. Now I want to tell a story about jumping at conclusions. It was told to me by Bram Stoker, and it concerns a christening. There was a little clergyman who was prone to jump at conclusions sometimes. One day he was invited to officiate at a christening. He went. There sat the relatives—intelligent-looking relatives they were. The little clergyman’s instinct came to him to make a great speech. He was given to flights of oratory that way—a very dangerous thing, for often the wings which take one into clouds of oratorical enthusiasm are wax and melt up there, and down you come. But the little clergyman couldn’t resist. He took the child in his arms, and, holding it, looked at it a moment. It wasn’t much of a child. It was little, like a sweet-potato. Then the little clergyman waited impressively, and then: “I see in your countenances,” he said, “disappointment of him. I see you are disappointed with this baby. Why? Because he is so little. My friends, if you had but the power of looking into the future you might see that great things may come of little things. There is the great ocean, holding the navies of the world, which comes from little drops of water no larger than a woman’s tears. There are the great constellations in the sky, made up of little bits of stars. Oh, if you could consider his future you might see that he might become the greatest poet of the universe, the greatest warrior the world has ever known, greater than Caesar, than Hannibal, than—er—er” (turning to the father)—“what’s his name?” The father hesitated, then whispered back: “His name? Well, his name is Mary Ann.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Mark Twain (2004). Mark Twain's Speeches. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3188/pg3188-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

EDUCATION AND CITIZENSHIP

POPULAR FOLLIES IN GREAT CITIES

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license.
Authors:
(1) Jeremiah Milbauer, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (email: {jmilbaue | sherryw}@cs.cmu.edu);
(2) Ziqi Ding, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (e-mail: {ziqiding | zhijinw}@andrew.cmu.edu)
(3) Tongshuang Wu, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction
Related Work
The NEWSSENSE Framework
Pilot Study
System Overview
Discussion
Conclusion, Limitations and Ethics, and References
A. Appendix: Prompt for Claim Extraction 2 Related Work This section covers related research across media analytics, sensemaking, and natural language processing. Though some core ideas of this work have been explored in the past, to our knowledge they have never been combined in a single system. Media Bias and Analytics Research on media bias includes academic research to study social media sharing patterns (Roberts et al., 2021; Bakshy et al., 2015) and bias within media publications (Flaxman et al., 2016; Hamborg et al., 2019; Groseclose and Milyo, 2005). Commercial products exist in this area as well, such as the media bias charts of AllSides [5], which classifies political slant into one of five categories, and Ad Fontes Media [6], which models both political slant and factual credibility. Research on news and social content aggregation has focused primarily on headline detection, timeline construction and clustering (Bouras and Tsogkas, 2012; Laban and Hearst, 2017), and event detection (Atefeh and Khreich, 2015; Kumaran and Allan, 2004). There exist user-oriented products in this space, such as Google News Stories [7], and Ground.news [8]. Some outlets, such as Propublica, aggregate their news stories into timelines [9]. Reading Interfaces and Sensemaking Recent work on reading interfaces has primarily focused on scientific literature, augmenting documents with information about cited papers (Lo et al., 2023; Kang et al., 2022), or augmenting references within the documents themselves (Head et al., 2021). For the News domain specifically, Laban and Hearst (2017) aggregates articles and extracts key quotes to construct a timeline for a given story. We are also aware of an abstract describing work to combine multiple article headlines and ledes into a single digestible form, though no follow-up is available (Glassman et al., 2020). Fact Verification and NLI Natural Language Inference is a task focused on classifying the relationship between a pair of sentences as either “neutral", “entailment", or “contradiction." Datasets such as SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015) and MNLI (Williams et al., 2017) have become major benchmarks for natural language processing research. Recent work has also considered document-level NLI (Koreeda and Manning, 2021; Chen et al., 2022), as well as cross-document reasoning based in NLI (Schuster et al., 2022), and scalable pairwise reasoning (Milbauer et al., 2023). There is also a growing body of work on NLP systems for fact verification and attribution. Recent datasets include FEVER (Thorne et al., 2018) and VitaminC (Schuster et al., 2021), as well as datasets focused on real-world examples of updating, editing, and citing claims in domains like news and Wikipedia (Petroni et al., 2022; Spangher et al., 2022; Iv et al., 2022). [5] https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/media-bias-ratingmethods [6] https://adfontesmedia.com/interactive-media-bias-chart/ [7] https://news.google.com [8] https://ground.news/ [9] https://www.propublica.org/series This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Jeremiah Milbauer, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (email: {jmilbaue | sherryw}@cs.cmu.edu); (2) Ziqi Ding, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (e-mail: {ziqiding | zhijinw}@andrew.cmu.edu) (3) Tongshuang Wu, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: Authors: (1) Jeremiah Milbauer, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (email: {jmilbaue | sherryw}@cs.cmu.edu); (2) Ziqi Ding, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA (e-mail: {ziqiding | zhijinw}@andrew.cmu.edu) (3) Tongshuang Wu, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Related Work The NEWSSENSE Framework Pilot Study System Overview Discussion Conclusion, Limitations and Ethics, and References A. Appendix: Prompt for Claim Extraction Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Related Work Related Work The NEWSSENSE Framework The NEWSSENSE Framework Pilot Study Pilot Study System Overview System Overview Discussion Discussion Conclusion, Limitations and Ethics, and References Conclusion, Limitations and Ethics, and References A. Appendix: Prompt for Claim Extraction A. Appendix: Prompt for Claim Extraction 2 Related Work This section covers related research across media analytics, sensemaking, and natural language processing. Though some core ideas of this work have been explored in the past, to our knowledge they have never been combined in a single system. Media Bias and Analytics Research on media bias includes academic research to study social media sharing patterns (Roberts et al., 2021; Bakshy et al., 2015) and bias within media publications (Flaxman et al., 2016; Hamborg et al., 2019; Groseclose and Milyo, 2005). Commercial products exist in this area as well, such as the media bias charts of AllSides [5], which classifies political slant into one of five categories, and Ad Fontes Media [6], which models both political slant and factual credibility. Research on news and social content aggregation has focused primarily on headline detection, timeline construction and clustering (Bouras and Tsogkas, 2012; Laban and Hearst, 2017), and event detection (Atefeh and Khreich, 2015; Kumaran and Allan, 2004). There exist user-oriented products in this space, such as Google News Stories [7], and Ground.news [8]. Some outlets, such as Propublica, aggregate their news stories into timelines [9]. Reading Interfaces and Sensemaking Recent work on reading interfaces has primarily focused on scientific literature, augmenting documents with information about cited papers (Lo et al., 2023; Kang et al., 2022), or augmenting references within the documents themselves (Head et al., 2021). Reading Interfaces and Sensemaking For the News domain specifically, Laban and Hearst (2017) aggregates articles and extracts key quotes to construct a timeline for a given story. We are also aware of an abstract describing work to combine multiple article headlines and ledes into a single digestible form, though no follow-up is available (Glassman et al., 2020). Fact Verification and NLI Natural Language Inference is a task focused on classifying the relationship between a pair of sentences as either “neutral", “entailment", or “contradiction." Datasets such as SNLI (Bowman et al., 2015) and MNLI (Williams et al., 2017) have become major benchmarks for natural language processing research. Recent work has also considered document-level NLI (Koreeda and Manning, 2021; Chen et al., 2022), as well as cross-document reasoning based in NLI (Schuster et al., 2022), and scalable pairwise reasoning (Milbauer et al., 2023). Fact Verification and NLI There is also a growing body of work on NLP systems for fact verification and attribution. Recent datasets include FEVER (Thorne et al., 2018) and VitaminC (Schuster et al., 2021), as well as datasets focused on real-world examples of updating, editing, and citing claims in domains like news and Wikipedia (Petroni et al., 2022; Spangher et al., 2022; Iv et al., 2022). [5] https://www.allsides.com/media-bias/media-bias-ratingmethods [6] https://adfontesmedia.com/interactive-media-bias-chart/ [7] https://news.google.com [8] https://ground.news/ [9] https://www.propublica.org/series

From Nuisance to News Sense: Related Work

This May, the Fed noticed that it would not decrease rates soon, and the BTC price fell below $57,000 at the beginning of May. Despite that, it's unexpectedly becoming a good time for the crypto market. The Bitcoin ETF has had record inflows since March, hedge funds report record numbers of crypto investments, and American legislators have passed anti-SEC resolutions. Other crypto regulation updates outside of the US include a new crypto bill in Turkey, a mining ban in Venezuela, regulatory uncertainty in the EU, and consultations between crypto regulators in India. Do US lawmakers unite against the SEC? The US Senate has passed a resolution against the SEC to cancel rule 129, which obligates banks to declare their crypto balances to the commission. Senators voted 60 - 38; both Republicans and Democrats supported this resolution. However, Biden has already claimed that he is going to veto it. Anyway, this is the first such case where the US Congress and Senate have agreed with each other on crypto regulation. The resolution was supported by both Republicans and Democrats, including majority leader Chuck Schumer. Lawmakers gently hint to the SEC and its chairman, Gary Gensler, that the commission doesn't have to abuse its authority over cryptocurrencies and banks. Growing numbers of investments in Bitcoin ETF In the middle of May, some big institutional investors made waves by announcing their shares in Bitcoin. Hedge fund Millennium invested about $2 billion, while Morgan Stanley invested $270 million. The State of Wisconsin Investment Board also revealed it has about $164 million in Grayscale and Blackrock Bitcoin ETF. Meanwhile, with the US CPI index for April coming in 0.1% lower than expected, Bitcoin's price surged to $67,000. Last week, according to Farside Investors, we saw $948.3 million in inflows into US spot Bitcoin ETFs. Last but not least, Pantera Capital invested in cryptocurrency TON a large sum—which is unknown but probably exceeds Pantera's investment in Solana ($250 mln). Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME Group) has also recorded increased institutional demand for bitcoin and plans to launch spot bitcoin trading directly. Regulatory uncertainty in the European Union Meanwhile, Europe is gearing up for the full implementation of the MiCA crypto regulation framework. Overall, this isn't the best news for the industry—there's a lot of uncertainty about how cryptocurrency companies will continue to operate in Europe. This affects not just medium-sized VASPs, but also the big players in the market. In April it became known from Tether CEO Paolo Ordoino that the company does not plan to obtain a license for USDT in the EU. Last week Kraken exchange announced that it will delist USDT for its European clients. Tether will presumably develop euro-denominated stablecoins in the EU. However, it is unknown how this will happen—so far, the capitalization of euro-denominated stablecoins has stayed relatively small. At the same time, European countries continue the implementation of their classic VASP crypto regulation frameworks, which obligate any crypto entities operating in the country to get a license/registration. For instance, French financial regulator Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) has informed the public that Bybit has illegally operated in the country since 2022 because it didn't get a license from the regulator. Bybit is included in the AMF blacklist as a company, which isn't compliant with existing regulations in the country. Turkey will pass new crypto bill Last week, the ruling party introduced a crypto bill into Turkish parliament. The new legislation regulates licensing procedures for crypto entities, compliance, and AML. Local financial regulator Capital Markets Board (CMB) will be the main institution in this process. India updating crypto regulations Although pending new elections, the National Government has so far resisted its legislative initiatives to regulate cryptocurrencies—regulators are doing it instead.  Local financial regulator - SEBI has published its recommendations dedicated to crypto regulation in the country. It recommends dividing crypto activities by regulators: SEBI to regulate ICOs and securities, Central Bank - stablecoins, FIU - VASP registrations. FIU started VASP registration in the country late last year, and 28 companies were registered. Last week, the first two foreign exchanges, Binance and Kucoin, were also approved to operate in the country. Venezuela imposes a mining ban Despite the existing economic and political issues in Venezuela, cryptocurrencies are legal in the country. Also, it has regulations for mining. Unfortunately, last week, the local Ministry of Electric Power claimed that it would disconnect existing mining farms from the grid. The government explained this initiative by citing the high load on the country's electricity networks. In addition, the decision may be related to the country's anti-corruption campaign—the government had previously confiscated 2,000 devices in the city of Maracay and 11,000 mining devices in Carabobo state. It still needs to be determined whether the ban on mining in Venezuela will be temporary or permanent. Such initiatives to ban or restrict mining due to high load on power grids are not uncommon. For example, in 2021, mining was banned in Iran for four months. The Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan also imposed certain restrictions on the activities of mining operators. VanEck ETH ETF application Finally, I would like to remind you about the important event of the coming week—on May 23, the SEC is expected to rule on VanEck's Ethereum ETFs. Bloomberg's analyst Erik Balchunas commented last week that the SEC probably won't approve any spot Ethereum ETF. He suggests that according to the commission's current position, it evaluates Ethereum as a security. Indeed, the probability of rejection is quite high, but let's see what the regulator decides. If you are interested in getting more crypto regulation insights, you can watch the global crypto regulation rating here and get updates on my Telegram channel. This May, the Fed noticed that it would not decrease rates soon, and the BTC price fell below $57,000 at the beginning of May. Despite that, it's unexpectedly becoming a good time for the crypto market. The Bitcoin ETF has had record inflows since March, hedge funds report record numbers of crypto investments, and American legislators have passed anti-SEC resolutions. BTC Other crypto regulation updates outside of the US include a new crypto bill in Turkey, a mining ban in Venezuela, regulatory uncertainty in the EU, and consultations between crypto regulators in India. Do US lawmakers unite against the SEC? Do US lawmakers unite against the SEC? The US Senate has passed a resolution against the SEC to cancel rule 129, which obligates banks to declare their crypto balances to the commission. Senators voted 60 - 38; both Republicans and Democrats supported this resolution. However, Biden has already claimed that he is going to veto it. passed passed Anyway, this is the first such case where the US Congress and Senate have agreed with each other on crypto regulation. The resolution was supported by both Republicans and Democrats, including majority leader Chuck Schumer. Lawmakers gently hint to the SEC and its chairman, Gary Gensler, that the commission doesn't have to abuse its authority over cryptocurrencies and banks. crypto regulation. Growing numbers of investments in Bitcoin ETF Growing numbers of investments in Bitcoin ETF In the middle of May, some big institutional investors made waves by announcing their shares in Bitcoin. Hedge fund Millennium invested about $2 billion, while Morgan Stanley invested $270 million. The State of Wisconsin Investment Board also revealed it has about $164 million in Grayscale and Blackrock Bitcoin ETF. Meanwhile, with the US CPI index for April coming in 0.1% lower than expected, Bitcoin's price surged to $67,000. Last week, according to Farside Investors, we saw $948.3 million in inflows into US spot Bitcoin ETFs. invested Morgan Stanley $164 million Last but not least, Pantera Capital invested in cryptocurrency TON a large sum—which is unknown but probably exceeds Pantera's investment in Solana ($250 mln). Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME Group) has also recorded increased institutional demand for bitcoin and plans to launch spot bitcoin trading directly. Regulatory uncertainty in the European Union Regulatory uncertainty in the European Union Meanwhile, Europe is gearing up for the full implementation of the MiCA crypto regulation framework. Overall, this isn't the best news for the industry—there's a lot of uncertainty about how cryptocurrency companies will continue to operate in Europe. This affects not just medium-sized VASPs, but also the big players in the market. In April it became known from Tether CEO Paolo Ordoino that the company does not plan to obtain a license for USDT in the EU. Last week Kraken exchange announced that it will delist USDT for its European clients. Tether will presumably develop euro-denominated stablecoins in the EU. However, it is unknown how this will happen—so far, the capitalization of euro-denominated stablecoins has stayed relatively small. known known announced announced At the same time, European countries continue the implementation of their classic VASP crypto regulation frameworks, which obligate any crypto entities operating in the country to get a license/registration. For instance, French financial regulator Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) has informed the public that Bybit has illegally operated in the country since 2022 because it didn't get a license from the regulator. Bybit is included in the AMF blacklist as a company, which isn't compliant with existing regulations in the country. included included Turkey will pass new crypto bill Turkey will pass new crypto bill Last week, the ruling party introduced a crypto bill into Turkish parliament. The new legislation regulates licensing procedures for crypto entities, compliance, and AML. Local financial regulator Capital Markets Board (CMB) will be the main institution in this process. India updating crypto regulations India updating crypto regulations Although pending new elections, the National Government has so far resisted its legislative initiatives to regulate cryptocurrencies—regulators are doing it instead.  Local financial regulator - SEBI has published its recommendations dedicated to crypto regulation in the country. It recommends dividing crypto activities by regulators: SEBI to regulate ICOs and securities, Central Bank - stablecoins, FIU - VASP registrations. FIU started VASP registration in the country late last year, and 28 companies were registered. Last week, the first two foreign exchanges, Binance and Kucoin, were also approved to operate in the country. approved approved Venezuela imposes a mining ban Venezuela imposes a mining ban Despite the existing economic and political issues in Venezuela, cryptocurrencies are legal in the country. Also, it has regulations for mining. Unfortunately, last week, the local Ministry of Electric Power claimed that it would disconnect existing mining farms from the grid. The government explained this initiative by citing the high load on the country's electricity networks. In addition, the decision may be related to the country's anti-corruption campaign—the government had previously confiscated 2,000 devices in the city of Maracay and 11,000 mining devices in Carabobo state. It still needs to be determined whether the ban on mining in Venezuela will be temporary or permanent. Such initiatives to ban or restrict mining due to high load on power grids are not uncommon. For example, in 2021, mining was banned in Iran for four months. The Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan also imposed certain restrictions on the activities of mining operators. VanEck ETH ETF application VanEck ETH ETF application Finally, I would like to remind you about the important event of the coming week—on May 23, the SEC is expected to rule on VanEck's Ethereum ETFs. Bloomberg's analyst Erik Balchunas commented last week that the SEC probably won't approve any spot Ethereum ETF. He suggests that according to the commission's current position, it evaluates Ethereum as a security. Indeed, the probability of rejection is quite high, but let's see what the regulator decides. If you are interested in getting more crypto regulation insights, you can watch the global crypto regulation rating here and get updates on my Telegram channel . here here Telegram channel Telegram channel

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