Chime was created with the mission to make financial peace of mind a reality for millions of everyday people. We're one of the fastest-growing financial technology companies in the U.S., offering banking services that are helpful, easy, and free—because we want to profit with our members, not from them. Our model doesn’t rely on overdraft, monthly service, minimum balance, or other member fees—it just focuses on delivering member value. How does Chime work? We partner with regional banks to design member-first financial products. This creates a more competitive market with better, lower-cost options for everyday Americans who aren’t being served well by traditional banks. We offer access to bank accounts with fee-free overdraft, provide members the chance to receive early access to their paychecks, help them improve their credit, and more! We help drive innovation, inclusion, and access across the industry with one of the most experienced leadership teams in fintech guiding us along the way. We were recently valued at over $25.5B and we’ve raised over $1.7B in funding from leading investors including Sequoia Capital Global Equities, SoftBank Vision Fund 2, General Atlantic, Tiger Global, Dragoneer, DST, Coatue, Iconiq, Menlo Ventures and others. Working at Chime means keeping our values in mind, putting our members first, and striving for long-term growth and success. To that end, we’re building an inclusive workplace where all perspectives and experiences are welcome on our team and creating an environment where every Chimer can thrive. If you’re passionate about applying technology to the challenge of making financial health a reality for everyone, Chime in–we want to hear from you! 💚 *Chime is a financial technology company, not a bank. Banking services provided by, and debit card issued by, The Bancorp Bank or Stride Bank, N.A.; Members FDIC.

Chime

chime

Chimezie Emewulu, is a tech founder with over fifteen years of experience building tech products. He is the founder of Seamfix, a people & software development company that seamlessly automates processes for productivity and revenue for over 100 million Nigerians and their businesses. He started building during his second year of University and has not stopped building ever since. In this interview, Chimezie sits down with Peace to share his experience building Seamfix, and all the experience he has garnered from being a tech business man for years. He goes into detail about the experience he has garnered through the years, shares some of his biggest wins, talks about visibility, growing poor and a passion for philanthropy and gives a lot of valuable advice to founders and potential founders seeking to build their own companies. Watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hp2iLd4nUxs Video timestamps - Chimezie shares his background 1:02 - Starting Seamfix in 2007 3:11 - Finding Engineering, First experience Coding 4:28 - Early days of Seamfix 8:27 - Key Milestones in the last 15 years 11:27 - Examples of Seamfix Solutions 12:13 - What he wants to change in the next 10 years 18:18 - Biggest Challenges building Seamfix 20:02 - Intricacies of Running Business 25:00 - Key mistakes made while running Seamfix 30:00 - Advice for upcoming entrepreneurs 33:44

#FoundersConnect: Chimezie Emewulu, Co-Founder and MD of Seamfix Limited.

the “chimera” in Greek mythology — the fantasy, the illusion Tokenization is nothing new The term “tokenization” is mainly associated with securities, equities and real assets and indicates the creation of a digital token which represents ownership rights to the underlying assets and which is issued on a Blockchain. But tokenization is nothing new. It is an evolution of derivative instruments and securitized assets such . per se ABS For instance, the s and at the heart of the 2009 financial crisis were substantially tokens representing debt. The first examples of go back to the 17th and 18th century. CDO MBS securitizations Despite and literally dozens of tokenization platforms springing up in the last 12 months and plenty of businesses willing to try to raise funds with it, very little practical progress has been done so far. Notwithstanding the announcements of imminent issuance of tokens representing equities or real assets, none has yet been practically issued. the promises that I also share about the potential of STOs Perceived advantages of tokenization Governance participation mechanisms and automated dividend payments — which can be embedded in the smart contract — are often cited among the biggest advantages, together with the reduction of back-office work, the reduction of costs for the issuing companies and 24/7 trading. Fractional ownership is indeed also important as it helps democratize investing, but it is also not new and tokenization is just a new tool to achieve what has already been done in the past through fractional ownership of real estate or club-deals. Securitization vs tokenization So in what, practically, securitization and tokenization differ? Two things essentially: (i) the issuance of the token on a Blockchain, and (ii) the tradability/liquidity of the token on a digital secondary market. But the Blockchain has one fundamental scope: enabling the peer to peer trusted transfer of digital values, while providing certainty and immutability to that transfer. The first ever Blockchain — that of Bitcoin — was created to allow peer to peer transfers of bitcoins, not of real assets. By definition, its use can be easily extended to other digital assets or rights — such as digital photos, music or e-books for instance — which will benefit massively from the certainty and immutability which are intrinsic to the Blockchain. But as far as real assets or equities are concerned, the transfer and ownership titles are regulated by the law. Each jurisdiction has its own legal authorities which enable and certify such transfers. Real estate and land transfers are generally effective upon recording into Land Registries (at least in civil law countries, while the situation is more complex in countries such as the USA where the adoption of a public Blockchain based system can likely introduce certainty to the title ownership and cut conveyance costs and risks), car sales when entered into the motor vehicle registry, sales of equities in private companies when recorded into the companies´ registry. All those transactions are also likely certified by public Notaries in most jurisdictions. And the issue here is not to advocate whether the future Blockchain adoption may enhance the existing public systems of real estate or corporate ownership titles of any individual jurisdiction — which thing is also probably true — but to simply evaluate whether the Blockchain has some scope of use for tokenizing real assets or private equities within the existing systems. So the real question to answer is: can the on-chain tokenization of real assets and private equities bring more advantages or more problems in respect to a simpler off-chain tokenization? Tokenization use cases Let’s look at two use cases: use case A is the issuance of tokens representing private equity, while use case B is the issuance of corporate bonds/commercial papers or other corporate debt instruments by the same private company. In case A an SPV is needed as a vehicle for all the token holders to have a single entry in XYZ cap table. The SPV subscribes to XYZ share capital increase and owns the shares issued. The SPV will be managed by a nominee director under the terms of Trust Agreement I for the benefit of token holders. 100% of the shares of SPV will be owned by Trust I for the benefit of token holders. Trust Agreement I issues the tokens representing 100% of SPVs share capital. Under Trust Agreement II the shares of XYZ owned by SPV are held for the beneficial ownership of token holders. Note that in this case trusted third parties, such as a Public Notary and the Company Registry, are statutorily required in order to validate transactions. Therefore, in my opinion, the use of the Blockchain unnecessarily complicates things without bringing noticeable advantages. In case B instead, the same private company issues corporate debt. Because there are no statutory requirements for third party validations for the issue of debt instruments, such as the need to record it on a public registry, the token and the debt instrument are substantially the same thing and function on the same level. Therefore XYZ can issue directly to single buyers the tokens representing its debt. Tokens can be issued on the Ethereum Blockchain. A Smart Contract will embed the terms of the debt issuance in the token, such as automatic coupon/yield payments and the repayment of the principal at duration expiration with subsequent burning of all the tokens redeemed. Case B is therefore a good candidate for on-chain tokenization. Tokenizing real assets off-chain As seen above in use case A, when dealing with legally trusted authorities (such as land or companies registries) the Blockchain main functions — which are guaranteeing trust, transparency, immutability, non-corruption of data and non-duplication — are already performed by such authorities. Blockchain is therefore redundant. Well practised traditional legal structures such as SPVs, trustees, nominees and escrows — backed up by collaterals such as a mortgage or a pledge — are still needed to guarantee the investor (buy side) that the issued token is tied to the real world asset. This because the contractual promise — even if embedded in the smart contract — remains just an “unsecured contractual promise” which, without a collateral guarantee, still poses all the enforceability issues of any unsecured (contractual) promise. And until those public registries are not on the Blockchain themselves, the smart contract has limited practical application. Enforcement/execution — for real assets — takes place off-chain and therefore must be secured with traditional guarantees which can only function off-chain. Moreover, with such complex transaction structures, mistakes and disputes happen all the time and they need to be promptly rectified or solved. With public registries or with trusted parties mistakes can be easily rectified and disputes solved. Instead, Blockchains´ immutability and irreversibility features then become drawbacks. Without an appropriate mechanism for dispute resolution and reversibility, the Blockchain can render real asset transactions unmanageable. Therefore, in my opinion, the practical aspects of an on-chain real asset tokenization are still generally not sufficiently appreciated but when this is done, it appears that — in many cases — it is more efficient to tokenize/digitize real assets off-chain. Guaranteed liquidity is the key prerequisite Most importantly, what is still missing from the picture — — is the guaranteed liquidity and the possibility for the investors to effectively trade the tokens. Surprisingly, not much progress has been done on that very fundamental issue. and it is certainly the essential prerequisite for any tokenization either on or off-chain Only if deep pools of liquidity are brought in to ensure adequate market making, then tokenized assets may possibly scale-up in the future to match traditional financial instruments. Conclusions Summing it up: 1. Above all, deep liquidity of the digital secondary market is a prerequisite for any tokenization. 2. We can tokenize assets on-chain or off-chain. 3. Not every asset is suitable to be tokenized on-chain. 4. On-chain tokenization is advisable when the asset can be freely transferred without the statutory need of a third party off-chain validation (such as with corporate debt — as in Case B above — or, as an example, with unregistered real assets such as objects of art or plain digital assets such as digital photos, music, Cryptokitties etc). Here the Blockchain fully performs its main functions which are guaranteeing trust, transparency, immutability, non-corruption of data and non-duplication. 5. Off-chain tokenization is advisable when there is a statutory need for a third party off-chain validation of the transaction (such as with private equities — as in Case A above — or with real estate, cars, boats, planes, etc). Here the Blockchain is redundant because its main functions are already performed by the third party validation off-chain. 6. Of course, if and when those statutory registers will be on-chain themselves, then on-chain transactions will be possible also for real assets and the Smart Contract will be able to close the loop and to reconcile the ownership title of a real asset off-chain with the digital token (representing the asset) on-chain. 7. Of course the above conclusions may vary depending on the jurisdiction (eg. real estate on-chain tokenization may be advisable in the USA and not in Germany or Italy). : This paper is for general guidance only and it does not constitute legal advice. As such, it should not be used as a substitute for consultation with lawyers on specific issues. All information in this paper is provided “as is”, with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, timeliness or warranty of any kind, express or implied. Legal Disclaimer #tokenization #cryptoassets #bianconi andrea #STOs #Blockchain

Why tokenization is still a chimera

This story was originally published on by . ProPublica Carson Kessler The day after Jonathan Marrero’s federal stimulus payment landed in his bank account, he took his 5-year-old twins out for lunch at an Applebee’s near where he lives in New Jersey. When he went to pay, his only means of payment, a debit card issued by the hot financial technology startup Chime, was declined. He didn’t understand why. Marrero had checked his account earlier that day and saw a balance of nearly $10,000. With the Applebee’s server standing next to him, he quickly pulled out his phone to check his Chime app, just as he had hundreds of times since he signed up in January. Marrero couldn’t log in. He immediately checked his email and found a message from Chime that read, “We regret to inform you that we have made the decision to end our relationship with you at this time. Your spending account will be closed on March 18, 2021.” He had no choice but to call his parents and have them pay the lunch bill. “I was so embarrassed,” said Marrero, a 32-year-old motorcycle technician. “I’m a grown man, and I was tearing up and everything.” Speaking of the $10,000 that he was suddenly locked out of, he added, “If it was $100, I wouldn’t sweat it. But it was everything I had for my kids.” Marrero’s grievance is not unusual. Chime, which provides app-based banking services to an estimated 12 million customers, has according to experts been generating a high rate of complaints, with 920 filed at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau since April 15, 2020. “For a company that most people have never heard of, I think that’s a lot of complaints,” said Lauren Saunders of the National Consumer Law Center. Many customers have told the CFPB that they can’t access their money or accounts, and that, among other things, Chime is slow to resolve problems. Of the 920 complaints filed about Chime, 197 were tagged as involving a “closed account.” The CFPB’s complaints are labeled inconsistently, and many of the other 723 also detail problems involving accounts that were closed against customers’ will. By comparison, Wells Fargo, a bank with six times as many customers and a lengthy of in its consumer bank, has 317 CFPB complaints tagged for closed accounts over the same time period. recent history misbehavior Marcus, the new online bank created by Goldman Sachs, with 4 million customers, has generated seven such complaints. Customers have also filed 4,439 complaints against Chime at the Better Business Bureau, compared to 3,281 for Wells Fargo. Meanwhile, several Facebook groups have sprung up with names like “Chime Bank has FAILED” and “Chime Thieves.” They’ve attracted some 700 members combined. One group has more than 100 posts and comments, almost all of them saying some version of the same thing. “Chime stole my entire unemployment backpay,” reads one typical post. Another says, “I’m a single mom of 4 kids and they stolen $1400 from me and refuse to give it back and now we are about to be evicted.” Chime doesn’t look much better on Google, where, according to the site’s “People Also Ask” feature, two of the questions most often posed about Chime are “Is Chime bank a real bank?” and, at various points in recent weeks, “Is Chime a ripoff?” or “Does Chime steal your money?” Most of the company’s CFPB complaints have been “closed with explanation,” a designation that conveys that Chime has resolved the dispute privately with the customer; the company is in the process of responding to the rest. As for the BBB complaints, Chime has said on the BBB’s website that it “takes these issues seriously” and that its “top priority is protecting its members.” Chime portrayed the customer complaints as largely driven by the company’s attempts to crack down on accounts that use fraudulently obtained unemployment insurance or federal stimulus payments. “As a leader in the US payments ecosystem and as part of our commitment to Chime members, we take seriously our responsibility to detect and prevent fraud,” asserted a provided by spokesperson Gabe Madway. statement “The past year has seen an extraordinary surge in activity by those seeking to illicitly obtain pandemic-related government funds and defraud US taxpayers. By some credible estimates, may have transpired. $400 billion worth of unemployment fraud alone We are proud of Chime’s robust anti-fraud efforts, which have returned hundreds of millions of dollars to state and federal agencies during the pandemic. While it’s important for us to fight fraud, our top focus will always be to take care of our members. And despite our best efforts, we do make mistakes.” The statement also touted Chime as having “proven that basic banking services can be helpful, easy and free.” It’s easy to see why Chime has caught on. Opening an account takes minutes. Chime’s app is intuitive and easy to use. The service welcomes customers with spotty credit histories and doesn’t require a credit check. It has no monthly fees and keeps other charges to a minimum. (It takes a small slice of the interchange fees paid by the merchant each time a customer uses a Chime card.) ‘ For customers who sign up for direct deposit, Chime offers two-day interest-free advances on paychecks, IRS refunds or government stimulus checks. The company has marketed aggressively in both new media and old. The company displays a youthful sensibility online, tweeting out memes on its Twitter feed. At the same time, its logo is plastered in many locations, including opposite the Nike swoosh on the uniforms of the NBA’s Dallas Mavericks. Chime is now the largest in a growing subcategory of financial technology, or fintech, companies known as “neobanks” (more on that later) that serve low- to moderate-income individuals underserved by traditional banks. The neobanks have thrived in the past year, vying with each other to land consumers looking for somewhere to deposit government stimulus payments, according to Jason Mikula, managing director for 312 Global Strategies, a fintech consultancy. Chime offered new and existing customers a “Stimulus Sweepstakes” that dangled a chance of winning $1,200. Chime built a base of 8 million customers between its launch in 2013 and 2020, then jumped to 12 million over the past year, according to Cornerstone Advisors. Many of the new accounts began with deposits from federal stimulus payments, according to a recent analysis by Cornerstone and StrategyCorps, two financial service companies that specialize in consumer research. All that growth has made Chime, which is based in San Francisco, a hit in Silicon Valley. Venture capitalists have given the company a valuation of $14.5 billion, and the company’s CEO said in late May that Chime might prepare to go public as early as this fall. For all of Chime’s Silicon Valley tech patina, one thing it’s not is an actual bank. Like others in its category, Chime is a digital interface that hands over the actual banking to, in this instance, two regional institutions, The Bancorp Bank and Stride Bank. Chime customers interact with the Chime app, but Bancorp and Stride, both of which are FDIC-insured, hold their money. Since Chime is not a bank, that leaves it in a regulatory no man’s land, according to Alex Horowitz, senior research officer for the consumer finance project at the Pew Charitable Trusts. The rules and jurisdiction are murky at best. “When you have a fintech that is the consumer interface, they don’t have a primary regulator,” he said. “They’re primarily regulated as a vendor to the existing bank, because banks are required to manage their vendors and they’re responsible for third-party relationships. But it’s still a step removed.” Bancorp and Stride have an obligation to police Chime, according to Mikula. “The regulatory treatment should not be any different than if I myself went directly into Stride and opened up a demand deposit account or checking account,” Mikula said. “There should be no different threshold because Chime is a fintech.” (Bancorp and Stride did not respond to requests for comment.) The legal environment may be murky, but Chime has already attracted the attention of state regulators. In late 2019, the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation received complaints about an outage in Chime’s system that prevented consumers from accessing accounts and left many unable to pay their bills. The agency investigated and found a different violation: It concluded that Chime had violated state law by describing itself as a bank on its website and elsewhere. “DFPI found this was likely to confuse consumers into thinking Chime was an online bank,” the agency said in a statement to ProPublica. “Chime itself is not licensed or insured as a bank.” in late March. DFPI and Chime agreed to an administrative settlement Chime neither admitted to nor denied the findings but agreed to take a detailed series of actions on its website and promotional materials to make clear that it is not a bank. (A similar agreement was also reached with regulators in Illinois.) Even after the settlement, as of early July, Chime’s offered mixed messages. At the top, it stated, in large letters, “Banking that has your back.” homepage A bit lower, below the “get started” button, in much smaller type, were the words, “Chime is a financial technology company, not a bank.” The word “banking” is much more prominent on Chime’s home page than the words “not a bank.” Chime told ProPublica that it is in compliance with the settlement agreement and that all of the necessary changes have been made. California has also responded more broadly to the rise of fintech companies. On Jan. 1, a new law, the California Consumer Financial Protection Law, took effect. It gives the state new authority over providers of financial products and services. (The March settlement with Chime was based on preexisting statutes.) “The purpose of the new law was to clarify that if you’re meeting the definition of being in the business of providing consumer financial products and services, then yes, DFPI has jurisdiction over you,” said Suzanne Martindale, senior deputy commissioner of the agency’s Consumer Financial Protection Division. “We can supervise, we can draft regulation, and we also have authority to stop unfair, deceptive and abusive acts and practices and can enforce any state or federal consumer financial law.” Martindale did not comment directly on the complaints about account closures, but said, “We continue to monitor for compliance.” She said that if regulators uncovered “new activities that suggest there may be a violation or there may be a deceptive misrepresentation,” then “we may have to take a look.” Many of the complaints about Chime relate to the same things that spurred the company’s growth over the past year: government payments for stimulus aid, PPP, unemployment insurance and tax refunds. Indeed, many account closures occurred directly after a government deposit, according to customers interviewed by ProPublica and the CFPB complaints. That meant Chime was simultaneously pushing to land new accounts from customers with stimulus checks while trying to vet millions of new accounts for suspicious payments. (There is widespread agreement that fraud involving unemployment-insurance and stimulus claims has been rampant during the pandemic, though estimates of its scope have varied wildly.) Banks and neobanks are expected to take action if they see signs of suspicious activity, typically by filing a report with federal authorities, according to Mikula. Chime’s approach involves three levels of potential action. If Chime decides that the evidence of fraud is conclusive, it typically closes the relevant account and returns the money to the government if the account was opened with a check from the government. If Chime sees what it considers suspicious behavior — but can’t conclusively determine that fraud has occurred — it can still terminate the account, but then typically returns the funds to the account holder. Finally, Chime says that if its investigation confirms that a payment was legitimate, it unfreezes the account. In reporting for this article, ProPublica interviewed 13 current or former Chime customers who claimed the company had wrongly frozen their funds or closed their accounts. ProPublica discussed the details with the company. Chime confirmed that five of the anecdotes were well-founded; the company acknowledged making mistakes and returned each customers’ funds. In two other instances, the company was able to provide documentary evidence of fraud and said it had not returned the customers’ funds. That left six complaints, and there the situation was much murkier and raised questions about the company’s approach. In its statement, Chime asserted that those six “did in fact involve fraud and/or violations of our terms.” Yet the evidence of misbehavior that Chime cited in conversations with ProPublica generally consisted of the same act that its marketing encouraged: Opening a new account using a federal stimulus check or a payment from unemployment insurance. In those instances, Chime said, it or its bank partners had closed the accounts but returned the funds to customers. Inadequate compliance management may be partially to blame for Chime’s problems, said former CFPB staff member Chris Peterson, who is now a law professor at the University of Utah. “As fintech businesses start to move into banking services,” he said, “they have to have adequate resources to monitor problems that emerge in their financial services” and then resolve them. The sudden account closures have put financially vulnerable customers under stress. That’s the situation Michelle Robertson, 52, found herself in. After getting burned by overdraft and minimum balance fees at her traditional bank, Robertson signed up with Chime three years ago. The pandemic wasn’t easy for Robertson, a computer technician in Richmond, California, who is also a single mother and the full-time caregiver for her elderly father. A much-needed infusion of cash was set to be deposited into Robertson’s Chime account the week of March 10: a $1,200 stimulus deposit and a $3,500 tax refund. She planned to use the money to catch up on the stack of bills that had been piling up. But on March 4, after setting up her Chime direct deposit with the IRS, Robertson received an email closing both her spending and savings accounts. Chime’s email, which Robertson shared with ProPublica, offered almost the same explanation as the company email provided to Marrero: “Following a recent review of your Spending Account, we regret to inform you that we have made the decision to end our relationship with you at this time.” She was unable to use her debit card, access the money in her accounts or sign in to the mobile app. The email informed Robertson that a check for any remaining balance would be mailed to her within 30 days. Citing “security reasons,” Chime’s email stated the company couldn’t explain to Robertson why her account was closed. (The company confirmed, in interviews for this article, that it should not have closed Robertson’s account.) She was directed to a passage in the company’s account agreement that states, “Chime and/or Bank may suspend, freeze, or close your Account for any reason with or without notice” and “Funds on deposit in any Account are subject to hold at the Bank’s discretion until the source of such funds and/or the activity is properly verified.” Robertson didn’t have much money in the account when it was closed, but the prospect of not knowing the status of her incoming deposits scared her. “I lost my mind. I couldn't believe it,” she said. “It was very shocking, just for them to tell me that and then not know why and then have all this money that I was really, really counting on.” What followed was a frustrating roundelay in which Chime directed Robertson to the IRS, and the IRS directed her to Chime. In one email, Chime told Robertson, “Please note that any Direct Deposits such as your Tax Refund that can be received during the account access restriction, may have been rejected and returned to the sender in the next 1-3 business days so, we encourage you to contact the originator of your deposit to avoid any further delays.” Robertson’s interaction with Chime’s customer service provided no new answers. She kept getting emails telling her to “contact the issuer” and stating that no “further information” could be given about the closing of her account. (According to 10 other Chime customers, users are discouraged from contacting customer service via phone or sending multiple emails; they’re told that doing so could “cause the review time to be extended,” as one Chime email put it.) With more than two months having passed with no access to her money, the consequences grew dire for Robertson. Unable to pay her bills, she feared eviction from her home, car payments were delayed, her cell phone was shut off, and late-payment fees piled up. Eventually, in late May, the federal government came through: Robertson received a paper check for her stimulus payment; the tax refund followed a few weeks later. She no longer has a Chime account and has no intention of ever signing back up. In its statement to ProPublica, Chime said that “for those cases where Chime did make a mistake, including the two highlighted in this story, we sincerely apologize. We have made efforts to make things right with these members.” (Robertson said that, beyond unfreezing her funds, Chime has not contacted her.) For his part, Jonathan Marrero finally got his account reopened in late May after filing complaints to the CFPB and BBB. He said Chime (which confirmed to ProPublica that it had erred in closing Marrero’s account) provided no explanation for blocking him from his funds for more than two months beyond telling him there had been suspicious activity in his account. Marrero immediately withdrew all of the remaining funds. “It’s been torture,” he said. After this article was published, Michelle Robertson emailed ProPublica to say that a Chime executive apologized to her on July 4.' Update, July 7, 2021: Photo by on Adam Nir Unsplash

Why Was This Banking App Closing People's Accounts?

¿Por qué esta aplicación bancaria cerraba las cuentas de las personas?

Pourquoi cette application bancaire fermait-elle les comptes des personnes ?

क्यों बंद कर रहा था यह बैंकिंग ऐप लोगों के खाते?

この銀行アプリが人々の口座を閉鎖したのはなぜですか?

Por que esse aplicativo bancário estava fechando as contas das pessoas?

Tại sao ứng dụng ngân hàng này lại đóng tài khoản của mọi người?

为什么这个银行应用程序会关闭人们的账户？

Challenge Chime wanted an error monitoring solution that would work with React Native, unify its error management across platforms, and ensure stable experiences for iOS and Android users. Results Chime benefits from complete clarity during app releases with Bugsnag’s stack traces, filtering, and Stability Center, which enable complete error monitoring and fast debugging to ensure app stability and lower crash rates**.** Chime Aims to Stabilize User Experiences and Lower Crash Rates Founded in 2012, Chime is a technology company that believes banking should be helpful and easy. Chime offers mobile access to banking services provided by its partner banks to provide members with a Spending Account, optional Savings Account, and Chime Visa ® Debit Card. Members can also access SpotMe for no overdraft fees and receive their paychecks up to two days early. Over two years ago, Chime consolidated its Android and iOS mobile app development on the React Native (RN) platform. Chime’s mobile engineers recognized the need for a stability management solution that would work seamlessly with RN and provide more details than the typical error monitoring tool. “We wanted to track crash rates to make sure we improved the stability of the product over time,” states an engineering manager on the spending and savings team. “We wanted to track crash rates to make sure we improved the stability of the product over time.” – Engineering Manager, Chime Shift to React Native Required Support From an Error Monitoring Solution When Chime originally launched its services, the company developed separate Android and iOS mobile apps. Approximately four years later, the decision was made to move to the React Native platform to consolidate engineering efforts and deliver a unified member experience. By enabling engineers to work on both iOS and Android apps, Chime could align its development around product features rather than app platforms and thereby deliver the same features to all customers faster. Hand-in-hand with this decision was the need to find an error monitoring solution that could handle RN apps. Chime did not want to rely solely on the built-in app store tools. Not only would it be more difficult to track crashes and monitor unexpected errors, but some errors are platform-specific. The team wanted a solution that would bring all bugs together in a single monitoring location and provide stack traces. A mobile engineer recommended that Chime evaluate Bugsnag. As the only error monitoring solution that supports RN, Bugsnag aggregates errors across iOS and Android platforms and provides the level of detail that the mobile engineers wanted. Today, Bugsnag is used across product teams within Chime. “With React Native, the same developers are working on both platforms. If we used only the built-in tools with the Play Store or Apple Store, it would be more difficult to track the crashes,” an engineering manager explains. “With Bugsnag, we have one very useful tool where we can see both sides.” Bugsnag Enables Release Stability and Control Over All Error Types Bugsnag is used by Chime for monitoring release rollouts and for debugging. As each new release goes out, mobile engineers use filters to find any spikes in errors, determine what they are, how many events have happened, and how many users are impacted. Bugsnag supports error data on Android’s ANR (Application Not Responding), Chime includes them in its crash rates. “Anything that detracts from the customer experience is really important to us. That’s why we think of crashes and ANRs similarly and include ANRs in our crash rate,” explains an engineering manager. “Beyond monitoring crashes, we’re able to monitor when unexpected errors come through and handle those gracefully,” a software engineer states. “It gives us deeper control over what’s erroring out in the app and provides stack trace along those lines as well.” The team uses stack traces to view the line of code where the app crashed, breadcrumbs as a secondary method to narrow down unhandled crashes, and custom data in the Bugsnag error reports to group errors and debug. Chime Decreases Crash Rate and Saves Debugging Time With Bugsnag Since using Bugsnag, Chime has exceeded its software stability goals. Engineers are able to maintain a healthy application stability score and spend less time investigating and fixing bugs. “It’s a helpful tool,” says a Chime software engineer, recognizing Bugsnag as playing a role in that accomplishment. “Bugsnag accelerates the debugging process,” adds an engineering Manager. Adding custom metadata in Bugsnag has been particularly useful to Chime as it provides more context behind crashes. Chime is focused on developing a deep understanding of what its members are encountering in the app and providing the best experience possible. Chime also benefits from Bugsnag integrations with Jira and Slack for seamless ticketing, communication, and monitoring of its app store ratings. “It’s a great tool for delivering a better customer experience, making the app more stable, and taking pride in your application as an engineer.” – Software Engineer, Chime

How to Reduce Your Crash Rate 

Hey there, Hackers! Today, we’re talking about the almighty backlink. Although it could sometimes seem like an afterthought, a good set of high-quality backlinks could take a good piece to the next level. If you can backlink like a pro, then all your writing will be more authoritative, look stronger, read more professionally, and, best of all, can help you reach the coveted front page of Google. So, how can you master backlinks? Let's break down a few tips and learn from some of our backlink black belts at HackerNoon. Are you ready to step into the Backlink Dojo? Use our template with backlink tips and more to get started. AP-Style Reporting 1. Keywords Matter (Make It Make Sense!) When backlinking, always remember that you should include any relevant keywords from the website you are linking to in the writing of your HackerNoon article and make that your point of contact. For example, if you’re linking to a source reference about Game of Thrones, make sure that “Game of Thrones” is what gets highlighted and linked in your HackerNoon article. This ensures that your audience knows what they’re getting linked to. In short, make sure your anchor text is reflective of what you’re sourcing. Take a look at ’s new piece about visualizing network graphs as Hamilton characters and how all their backlinks make semantic sense to their reference source about the play and various other media. @iswaryam https://hackernoon.com/analysis-of-network-graphs-visualizing-hamilton-characters-as-a-social-network?embedable=true 2. Backlink Quality Good writers present strong sources to back up their claims, and you should make sure you’re not just taking info from anywhere. If you find yourself writing about news, academic research, or anything that is highly evidence-based or makes strong claims, always make sure you’re linking to authoritative, high-quality sources to reinforce your writing. Plus, the stronger the source, the more Google will like your writing! Check out ’s new piece about AI and extinct species, where he links back to strong sources like the National Library of Medicine, BBC Earth, and CBS News. @zacamos https://hackernoon.com/the-role-of-ai-in-resurrecting-extinct-species?embedable=true 3. Backlink Diversity While it could be tempting to list one place as your one-stop shop for everything you’re writing about, it can actually hinder your writing in the long run if you’re not careful. Linking to one place repeatedly can be considered backlink spamming by Google and our editors, and it could hurt your piece’s chances of becoming a HackerNoon Top Story or reaching search engines. Diversifying your knowledge pool and linking back to a wide variety of places indicates that you’ve researched your topic well and can present useful backlinks for those who would like to follow in your footsteps. For a good example of backlink diversity, read ’s deep dive into the world of PrisonTok, where he finds great interviews and quotes from former prisoners and legal specialists about the world of incarcerated influencers. @drewchapin https://hackernoon.com/the-rise-and-real-value-of-prisontok?embedable=true 4. Use a Lot of Backlinks (But Know When To Trim It Down!) Now you know how to use backlinks effectively; however, the next level is knowing to use them. No one likes to read a mega-highlighted article filled with so many links that it looks like a virtual minefield of redirects for every minor claim and occurrence. A truly skilled writer knows when it’s time to backlink for the benefit of the reader and when to let the writing confidently do its own thing. If you find yourself swamped with important sources and reference material, don’t be afraid to make a nice “References” section at the bottom of your piece to look like a real professional! when deftly links back to important sources like GitHub, Intel, and Nvidia as needed throughout this piece and then intelligently creates a “References” section at the bottom with a whole host of high-quality backlinks should readers need them. @venkat2811 https://hackernoon.com/a-digestible-high-level-overview-of-cpu-and-gpu-capabilities?embedable=true Are you ready to step into the Backlink Dojo? Use our template with backlink tips and more to get started. AP-Style Reporting Now That You’re A Pro, Check Out The #crypto-api Writing Contest by CoinGecko. If you’re an expert in all things crypto and with expertise regarding cryptocurrency data APIs, try your hand at the for your shot at winning from a Submissions are open now and run until July 18th, 2024. Get started with a or the official . #crypto-api Writing Contest $1,000 prize pool. new draft #crypto-api template Click for more info. here Wanna See Why Writers Love Publishing With HackerNoon? With mountains of testimonials from across the web about our great editorial team, wide content variety, and superb distribution engine, it’s no wonder thousands of writers chime into the site daily, and millions of readers keep coming back for more. Check out our new to see why readers trust us and why new and returning writers love submitting to us. HackerNoon Page That’s all for today, folks. See you in cyberspace!

Learn How To Backlink Like a Pro From The HackerNoon Editors

হ্যাকারনুন সম্পাদকদের থেকে কীভাবে একজন প্রো লাইক ব্যাকলিংক করবেন তা শিখুন

Erfahren Sie von den HackerNoon-Redakteuren, wie Sie Backlinks wie ein Profi erstellen

Aprenda a crear vínculos de retroceso como un profesional con los editores de HackerNoon

Apprenez à créer des backlinks comme un pro grâce aux éditeurs HackerNoon

HackerNoon संपादकों से जानें कि कैसे एक पेशेवर की तरह बैकलिंक बनाएं

HackerNoon 編集者からプロのようにバックリンクする方法を学ぶ

HackerNoon 편집자로부터 전문가처럼 백링크하는 방법 알아보기

Aprenda como fazer backlinks como um profissional com os editores do HackerNoon

Узнайте, как профессионально использовать обратные ссылки, от редакторов HackerNoon

HackerNoon Editörlerinden Bir Profesyonel Gibi Nasıl Backlink Vereceğinizi Öğrenin

Tìm hiểu cách liên kết ngược như một chuyên gia từ các biên tập viên HackerNoon

从 HackerNoon 编辑那里学习如何像专业人士一样建立反向链接

Calling All Writers: Learn What The Crypto-API Writing Contest Is All About From The CoinGecko Team

সমস্ত লেখকদের কল করা হচ্ছে: CoinGecko টিম থেকে ক্রিপ্টো-এপিআই লেখার প্রতিযোগিতাটি কী তা জানুন

Aufruf an alle Autoren: Erfahren Sie vom CoinGecko-Team, worum es beim Crypto-API-Schreibwettbewerb geht

Llamando a todos los escritores: aprenda de qué se trata el concurso de redacción Crypto-API del equipo CoinGecko

Appel à tous les écrivains : découvrez en quoi consiste le concours d'écriture Crypto-API auprès de l'équipe CoinGecko

सभी लेखकों को बुलावा: कॉइनगेको टीम से जानें क्रिप्टो-एपीआई लेखन प्रतियोगिता क्या है

ライターの皆さんへ: CoinGecko チームから暗号 API ライティング コンテストについて学びましょう

모든 작가에게 전화하기: CoinGecko 팀으로부터 Crypto-API 글쓰기 콘테스트의 모든 내용을 알아보세요

Ligando para todos os escritores: saiba do que se trata o concurso de redação de Crypto-API da equipe CoinGecko

Обращение ко всем писателям: узнайте, что такое конкурс авторов Crypto-API, от команды CoinGecko

Tüm Yazarlara Çağrı: CoinGecko Ekibinden Kripto API Yazma Yarışmasının Neyle İlgili Olduğunu Öğrenin

Kêu gọi tất cả người viết: Tìm hiểu nội dung cuộc thi viết về tiền điện tử-API từ nhóm CoinGecko

召集所有作家：从 CoinGecko 团队了解 Crypto-API 写作比赛的全部内容

Transcendence Volume I, Book 1: Introduction

Crypto Market Recap: 04/02 Buckle up because the crypto market this week was a wild ride, even for seasoned investors. Bitcoin (BTC), fresh off its best monthly close ever, took a surprising 4% tumble, failing to recapture the glory of that milestone. This price swing highlights the ever-present tension in the crypto sphere: fear of missing out (FOMO) battling with the fear of losing money. So, what spooked Bitcoin this time? Imagine a tug-of-war between scaredy-cat sellers and optimistic buyers. This week, the sellers gained some ground, pulling the price down towards the $60,000 mark. That once-tempting $70,000 target suddenly seemed out of reach for BTC. But here's the twist: despite the early weakness, some investors saw an opportunity. These shrewd players, often referred to as "smart money,"  placed large bids (over $150 million!) at the $62,000 mark. Are they onto a bargain? Perhaps. Or maybe they're just overconfident, a bias we humans are all susceptible to. Overconfidence can cloud judgment, leading us to believe we've outsmarted the market – a dangerous trap in the ever-volatile world of crypto. Beyond Bitcoin: XRP Feels the Heat While Bitcoin grabbed the spotlight, other cryptocurrencies felt the heat this week. XRP, for example, took a 5.5% dive to $0.59. Here, it seems external factors might be playing a role.  Factors contributing to the drop included strong U.S. manufacturing data impacting the trajectory of the Federal Reserve's interest rate reductions. This is a classic case of how external noise can disrupt our investment decisions. We get bombarded with information, and sometimes, it's easy to get caught up in the frenzy and forget about the bigger picture. Did the fundamentals of XRP change? Not necessarily. But the market reacted to the broader economic climate, reminding us that cryptocurrencies aren't isolated ecosystems. The Crypto Market Petri Dish The crypto market is a fascinating blend of innovation and human behavior. Regulatory battles, whale movements (those holding massive amounts of crypto), and even celebrity drama all add to the mix. It's a world where fortunes can be made and lost in a blink and where understanding our own biases is just as important as understanding the tech. This week, for instance, we saw the Tron Foundation push back against a lawsuit by the U.S. SEC, highlighting the ongoing regulatory uncertainty surrounding the crypto space. This is a crucial reminder that the rules of the game can change quickly, and investors need to stay informed about these developments. Further complicating the picture, Tether, a controversial stablecoin issuer, made a significant Bitcoin purchase, adding fuel to the speculation about its reserves. And as if on cue, former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried chimed in, defending his actions after a prison sentence. Market Snapshot (April 2, 2024): $2,677,124,123,446.54 (reflecting the overall value of the cryptocurrency market) Total Market Cap: $98,682,935,541.67 (indicating the amount of crypto traded in the last 24 hours) Total Trading Volume: Looking at Major Cryptocurrencies: Downward trend with a 24-hour price change of -2.05%. Market cap of $1,365,266,570,137.60 and a trading volume of $35,060,909,934.35 suggest high liquidity and active trading, possibly indicating cautious or negative investor sentiment. Bitcoin (BTC): Downward trend with a 24-hour price change of -3.25%. High liquidity and active trading are suggested by its market cap of $419,551,638,720.56 and trading volume of $16,106,676,738.21, which may indicate cautious or negative investor sentiment. Ethereum (ETH): : This is on a downward trend, with a 24-hour price change of -4.57%. With a market cap of $86,279,700,831.28, it signifies its standing in the market. The trading volume of $2,143,468,824.95 indicates high liquidity and active trading. This may indicate cautious or negative investor sentiment. BNB (BNB) : Is on a downward trend with a 24-hour price change of -6.25%. With a market cap of $84,561,539,794.19, it signifies its standing in the market. The trading volume of $3,828,077,113.58 indicates high liquidity and active trading. This may indicate cautious or negative investor sentiment. SOL (Solana) : Is on a downward trend with a 24-hour price change of -2.38%. With a market cap of $33,820,280,805.71, it signifies its standing in the market. The trading volume of $1,784,375,678.55 indicating high liquidity and active trading. This may indicate cautious or negative investor sentiment. XRP (XRP) Other major cryptocurrencies like USDC, DOGE, ADA, and AVAX all followed the downward trend this week, with price drops ranging from 4% to 6%. While trading volume suggests some continued activity, the overall sentiment seems cautious. Here's the takeaway: the crypto market is complex, but we humans are even more so.  The next time you're thinking about entering the crypto arena, take a deep breath, do your research, and remember:  beware of emotional impulses and focus on the fundamentals. The crypto world is a thrilling but  unforgiving frontier, and a little healthy skepticism can go a long way.

Crypto Market Recap: XRP Feels the Heat

"The most effective debugging tool is still careful thought, coupled with judiciously placed print statements." -- Brian Kernighan. Cutting a patient open and using print for debugging used to be the best way to diagnose problems. If you still advocate either one of those as the superior approach to troubleshooting, then you're either facing a very niche problem or need to update your knowledge. This is a frequent occurrence, e.g., this recent tweet: This specific tweet got to the HN front page, and people chimed in with that usual repetitive nonsense. No, it’s not the best way for the vast majority of developers. It should be discouraged just as surgery should be avoided when possible. Fixating on print debugging is a form of a mental block; debugging isn’t just stepping over code. It requires a completely new way of thinking about issue resolution. A way that is far superior to merely printing a few lines. Before I continue, my bias is obvious. I and I . This is a pet peeve of mine. , wrote a book about debugging blog about it a lot I want to start with the exception to the rule, though: when do we need to print something... Logging is NOT Print Debugging! One of the most important debugging tools in our arsenal is a logger, but it is not the same as print debugging in any way: Logger Print Permanence of output Permanent Ephemeral Permanence in code Permanent Should be removed Globally Toggleable Yes No Intention Added as part of design Added ad-hoc A log is something we add with forethought. We want to keep the log for future bugs and might even want to expose it to the users. We can control its verbosity often at the module level and can usually disable it entirely. It’s permanent in code and usually writes to a permanent file we can review at our leisure. Print debugging is code we add to locate a temporary problem. If such a problem has the potential of recurring, then a log would typically make more sense in the long run. This is true for almost every type of system. We see developers adding print statements and removing them constantly instead of creating a simple log to track frequent problems. There are special cases where print debuggings makes some sense, in mission critical embedded systems a log might be impractical in terms of device constraints. Debuggers are awful in those environments, and print debugging is a simple hack. Debugging system-level tools like a kernel, compiler, debugger, or JIT can be difficult with a debugger. Logging might not make sense in all of these cases, e.g., I don’t want my JIT to print every bytecode it’s processing and the metadata involved. Those are the exceptions, not the rules. Very few of us write such tools. I do, and even then, it’s a fraction of my work. For example, when working at Lightrun, I was working on a production debugger. Debugging the agent code that’s connected to the executable was one of the hardest things to do. A mix of C++ and JVM code that’s connected to a completely separate binary... Print debugging of that portion was simpler, and even then, we tried to aim towards logging. However, the visual aspects of the debugger within the server backend and the IDE were perfect targets for the debugger. Why Debug? There are three reasons to use a debugger instead of printouts or even logs: Features - modern debuggers can provide spectacular capabilities that are unfamiliar to many developers. Sadly, there are very few debugging courses in academia since it’s a subject that’s hard to test. Low overhead - in the past, running with the debugger meant slow execution and a lot of overhead. This is no longer true. Many of us use the debug action when launching an application instead of running, and there’s no noticeable overhead for most applications. When there is overhead, some debuggers provide means to improve performance by disabling some features. Library code - a debugger can step into a library or framework and track the bug there. Doing this with print debugging will require compiling code that you might not want to deal with. I dug into the features I mentioned in my book and series on debugging (linked above), but let’s pick a few fantastic capabilities of the debugger that I wrote about in the past. For the sake of positive dialog, here are some of my top features of modern debuggers. Tracepoints Whenever someone opens the print debugging discussion, all I hear is, “I don’t know about tracepoints”. They aren’t a new feature in debuggers, yet so few are aware of them. A tracepoint is a breakpoint that doesn’t stop. It just keeps running. Instead of stopping, you can do other things at that point, such as print to the console. This is similar to print debugging, only it doesn’t suffer from many of the drawbacks: no runtime overhead, no accidental commit to the code base, no need to restart the application when changing it, etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXRqKqSp7x0&embedable=true Grouping and Naming The previous video/post included a discussion of grouping and naming. This lets us group tracepoints together, disable them as a group, etc. This might seem like a minor feature until you start thinking about the process of print debugging. We slowly go through the code, adding a print and restarting. Then suddenly, we need to go back, or if a call comes in and we need to debug something else... When we package the tracepoints and breakpoints into a group, we can set aside a debugging session, much like we set aside a branch in version control. It makes it much easier to preserve our train of thought and jump right back to the applicable lines of code. Object Marking When asked about my favorite debugging feature I’m always conflicted, ... It seems like a simple thing; we can mark an object, and it gets saved with a specific name. Object Marking is one of my top two features However, this is a powerful and important feature. I used to write down the pointers to objects or memory areas while debugging. This is valuable as sometimes an area of memory would look the same but would have a different address, or it might be hard to track objects with everything going on. Object Marking allows us to save a global reference to an object and use it in conditional breakpoints or for visual comparison. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGjVVKCNosM&embedable=true Renderers My other favorite feature is ; it lets us define how elements look in the debugger watch area. Imagine you have a sophisticated object hierarchy but rarely need that information... A renderer lets you customize the way IntelliJ/IDEA presents the object to you. the renderer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaUf8KXHsd0&embedable=true Tracking New Instances One of the often overlooked capabilities of the debugger is . A Java debugger can show you a searchable set of all object instances in heap, that is a fantastic capability that can expose unintuitive behavior But it can go further, it can track new allocations of an object and provide you with the stack to the applicable object allocation. memory tracking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFOFOEg2W4k&embedable=true Tip of the Iceberg I wrote a lot about debugging, so there’s no point in repeating all of it in this post. If you’re a person who feels more comfortable using print debugging, then ask yourself this: why? Don’t hide behind an out-of-date Brian Kernighan quote. Things change. Are you working in one of the edge cases where print debugging is the only option? Are you treating logging as print debugging or vice versa? Or is it just that print debugging was how your team always worked, and it stuck in place? If it’s one of those, then it might be time to re-evaluate the current state of debuggers. Also published . here

Stop Cutting Your Patients Open: Rethinking Print for Debugging 

Engineering Success: Strategic Growth in Tech Startups

I write a newsletter called Above Average, where I talk about the second-order insights behind everything that is happening in the big tech. If you are into tech and don’t want to be average, . subscribe to it Inferring is essentially a way to extract insights, sentiments, and trends using clever prompts while interacting with LLMs. Previously, before LLMs, each of these tasks would require their own models, training, and deployment & maintenance. But with the explosion of OpenAI and other LLMs, inference allows you to improve your products by leveraging LLMs, and you don’t have to be a data scientist or a machine learning engineer to do so. Let’s say you run an e-commerce website and want to extract the sentiment of customer reviews. You can do this using the following prompt. In this case, I am providing the review text and the prompt you can use on it. You can use your favorite way to run it against Open AI’s API. I took a real review from Amazon for a light box that I purchased for this example. Example 1: from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI()
client.api_key = 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'

amazon_review = f"""
This softbox lighting system is a great value for the price. They were super easy to set and offer multiple types of lighting, with dimmer and remotes for each light. They are lightweight which means they can topple over if bumped. But that was an easy problem to solve. I just created some weights out of an old pair of socks and some dried beans. You could use rice or sand also. Or just buy sandbags. I like to DIY. Anywho, I highly recommend this lighting system.
"""

story = """
prompt = f"""
Identify the following items from the review text: 
- Sentiment (positive or negative)
- Is the reviewer expressing anger? (true or false)
- Item purchased by reviewer
- Company that made the item

The review is delimited with triple backticks. \
Format your response as a JSON object with \
"Sentiment", "Anger", "Item" and "Brand" as the keys.
If the information isn't present, use "unknown" \
as the value.
Make your response as short as possible.
Format the Anger value as a boolean.

Review text: '''{amazon_review}'''

"""

response = client.chat.completions.create(
  model="gpt-4",
  messages=[
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": prompt
    }
  ],
  temperature=0,
  #max_tokens=64,
  #top_p=1
)

print(response.choices[0].message.content) The output I got is as follows: {“Sentiment”: “positive”, “Anger”: false, “Item”: “softbox lighting system”, “Brand”: “unknown”} This is a cool example showing the power of inferring using Open AI’s API. Now, Amazon is a large company that already uses AI to ship features, and one of the recent updates to the page seems to be about summarizing all the reviews under the product. Here is how it looks for the same product. Do you think it can be re-created using inferring across a set of customer reviews? I think so. If you are able to figure this out, reach me on and let me know. Twitter let's say you run a news website, and you want to find the topics an article is about without actually reading it. Can you do it using a Prompt and infer it? Yes, you can. Here is an example article from which I am inferring topics mentioned in that article. Example 2: from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI()
client.api_key = 'YOUR_SECRET_KEY'



article = """
It hasn't been the best start to 2024 for Elon Musk. The owner of X, formerly known as Twitter, appealed to YouTube's biggest star MrBeast to post his videos on the platform, and was promptly rejected.

On Dec. 30, 2023, MrBeast, whose real name is Jimmy Donaldson, posted on X to announce his latest video release was available on YouTube: "I uploaded, go watch or I'll drop kick you."

Donaldson had uploaded a 20-minute long video to YouTube, in which he chronicled spending a week in solitary confinement. These types of videos, in which Donaldson challenges either himself or an individual with an extreme task, have earned him worldwide notoriety. The social media mastermind earned an estimated $82 million in 2023, and with more than 225 million subscribers on his main channel alone, is the platform's biggest name.

After Donaldson posted the appeal to head to YouTube on X, one fan replied: "Upload on this platform too," which is when Elon Musk chimed in with: "Yeah."

Musk, the CEO of Tesla and owner of X, has been trying to drum up interest from video viewers since taking over the social media platform in 2022.

Schemes have included launching a media partnership with heiress Paris Hilton—which has since been axed—as well as streaming shows from the likes of former Fox star Tucker Carlson.

Musk, now with the help of CEO Linda Yaccarino, has also attempted to drum up revenue by launching premium subscription services on the site, which—among other things—allow for users to appear as "verified" and send DMs to other accounts.

The moves have been necessary after droves of advertisers left the site over fears their branding would appear beside unregulated content.

Musk, a fierce proponent of free speech, has refused to cow to concern from advertisers about how X will prevent their messages from reportedly appearing beside Nazi propaganda, for example.

But Musk's attempt to get MrBeast's content on his site—not even exclusively—was rebuffed by the creator.

Donaldson replied to Musk directly: "My videos cost millions to make and even if they got a billion views on X it wouldn’t fund a fraction of it :/ I’m down though to test stuff once monetization is really cranking!"

The polite rebuttal contrasts with the firm interest Donaldson had previously taken in Twitter. Indeed, Donaldson's bio still reads "X Super Official CEO," harking back to the times when speculation was rife about who would take over the day-to-day running of the platform from the ever-busy Musk.
"""

prompt = f"""
Determine five topics that are being discussed in the \
following text, which is delimited by triple backticks.

Make each item one or two words long. 

Format your response as a list of items separated by commas.

Text sample: '''{article}'''

"""

response = client.chat.completions.create(
  model="gpt-4",
  messages=[
    {
      "role": "user",
      "content": prompt
    }
  ],
  temperature=0,
  #max_tokens=64,
  #top_p=1
)

print(response.choices[0].message.content) Output is: Elon Musk, Social Media Platforms, YouTube Content, Advertising Concerns, Monetization Strategies Pretty accurate, right? Shopify App to summarize & extract insights from customer reviews. This app should be launched in the Shopify app store. I wouldn’t be surprised if Shopify launched this natively. Just using prompt engineering with open AI API, this would be an app that can be launched in a couple of days. AI PRODUCT IDEA ALERT: That’s it for day 3. Follow me on for the latest updates on 100 days of AI, or . Twitter bookmark this page Also published . here

100 Days of AI Day 3: Leveraging AI for Prompt Engineering and Inference

AI দিনের 100 দিন 3: প্রম্পট ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিং এবং ইনফরেন্সের জন্য AI ব্যবহার করা

100 Tage KI Tag 3: Nutzung von KI für schnelles Engineering und Inferenz

100 días de IA Día 3: Aprovechamiento de la IA para ingeniería e inferencia rápidas

100 jours d'IA Jour 3 : Tirer parti de l'IA pour une ingénierie et une inférence rapides

एआई के 100 दिन, दिन 3: त्वरित इंजीनियरिंग और अनुमान के लिए एआई का लाभ उठाना

100 日間の AI 3 日目: AI を活用して迅速なエンジニアリングと推論を行う

AI 100일 3일차: 신속한 엔지니어링 및 추론을 위해 AI 활용

100 dias de IA, dia 3: aproveitando a IA para engenharia e inferência imediatas

100 дней ИИ. День 3. Использование ИИ для оперативного проектирования и вывода

100 Günlük Yapay Zeka 3. Gün: Hızlı Mühendislik ve Çıkarım için Yapay Zekadan Yararlanma

100 ngày AI Ngày 3: Tận dụng AI cho Kỹ thuật và suy luận nhanh chóng

人工智能 100 天第 3 天：利用人工智能进行快速工程和推理

A Conversation with Picatrix Picori — The Manga-Style AI Illustrator

পিকাট্রিক্স পিকোরির সাথে একটি কথোপকথন — দ্য মাঙ্গা-স্টাইল এআই ইলাস্ট্রেটর

Ein Gespräch mit Picatrix Picori – dem KI-Illustrator im Manga-Stil

Una conversación con Picatrix Picori: el ilustrador de IA estilo manga

Une conversation avec Picatrix Picori — L'illustrateur IA de style manga

पिकाट्रिक्स पिकोरी के साथ बातचीत - मंगा-स्टाइल एआई इलस्ट्रेटर

マンガ風のAIイラストレーター、Picatrix Picori氏との対談

Picatrix Picori와의 대화 — 만화 스타일의 AI 일러스트레이터

Uma conversa com Picatrix Picori – o ilustrador de IA estilo mangá

Разговор с Пикатриксом Пикори — иллюстратором искусственного интеллекта в стиле манга

Manga Stili Yapay Zeka İllüstratörü Picatrix Picori ile Söyleşi

Cuộc trò chuyện với Picatrix Picori - Họa sĩ minh họa AI theo phong cách Manga

对话 Picatrix Picori — 漫画风格的 AI 插画师

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. . Authors: Gemini Team, Google Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Model Architecture Training Infrastructure Training Dataset Evaluation Responsible Deployment Discussion and Conclusion, References Contributions and Acknowledgments Appendix 8. Contributions and Acknowledgments Leads Rohan Anil, Co-Lead, Text Sebastian Borgeaud, Co-Lead, Text Yonghui Wu, Co-Lead, Text Jean-Baptiste Alayrac, Co-Lead, MM Vision Jiahui Yu, Co-Lead, MM Vision Radu Soricut*, Co-Lead, MM Vision* Johan Schalkwyk, Lead, MM Audio Andrew M. Dai, Co-Lead, Data Anja Hauth*, Co-Lead, Data* Katie Millican, Co-Lead, Data David Silver, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Slav Petrov, Co-Lead, Fine-Tuning Melvin Johnson, Lead, Instruction Tuning Ioannis Antonoglou*, Co-Lead, RL Techniques* Julian Schrittwieser, Co-Lead, RL Techniques Amelia Glaese, Lead, Human Data Jilin Chen, Lead, Safety Emily Pitler, Co-Lead, Tool Use Timothy Lillicrap, Co-Lead, Tool Use Angeliki Lazaridou, Co-Lead, Eval Orhan Firat, Co-Lead, Eval James Molloy, Co-Lead, Infra Michael Isard, Co-Lead, Infra Paul R. Barham, Co-Lead, Infra Tom Hennigan, Co-Lead, Infra Benjamin Lee, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Fabio Viola, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Malcolm Reynolds, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Yuanzhong Xu, Co-Lead, Codebase & Parallelism Ryan Doherty, Lead, Ecosystem Eli Collins, Lead, Product Clemens Meyer, Co-Lead, Operations Eliza Rutherford, Co-Lead, Operations Erica Moreira, Co-Lead, Operations Kareem Ayoub, Co-Lead, Operations Megha Goel, Co-Lead, Operations Core Contributors George Tucker Enrique Piqueras Maxim Krikun Iain Barr Nikolay Savinov Ivo Danihelka Becca Roelofs Core Contributors Anaïs White Anders Andreassen Tamara von Glehn Lakshman Yagati Mehran Kazemi Lucas Gonzalez Misha Khalman Jakub Sygnowski Alexandre Frechette Charlotte Smith Laura Culp Lev Proleev Yi Luan Xi Chen James Lottes Nathan Schucher Federico Lebron Alban Rrustemi Natalie Clay Phil Crone Tomas Kocisky Jeffrey Zhao Bartek Perz Dian Yu Heidi Howard Adam Bloniarz Jack W. Rae Han Lu Laurent Sifre Marcello Maggioni Fred Alcober Dan Garrette Megan Barnes Shantanu Thakoor Jacob Austin Gabriel Barth-Maron William Wong Rishabh Joshi Rahma Chaabouni Deeni Fatiha Arun Ahuja Ruibo Liu Yunxuan Li Sarah Cogan Jeremy Chen Core Contributors Chao Jia Chenjie Gu Qiao Zhang Jordan Grimstad Ale Jakse Hartman Martin Chadwick Gaurav Singh Tomar Xavier Garcia Evan Senter Emanuel Taropa Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai Jacob Devlin Michael Laskin Diego de Las Casas Dasha Valter Connie Tao Lorenzo Blanco Adrià Puigdomènech Badia David Reitter Mianna Chen Jenny Brennan Clara Rivera Sergey Brin Shariq Iqbal Gabriela Surita Jane Labanowski Abhi Rao Stephanie Winkler Emilio Parisotto Yiming Gu Kate Olszewska Yujing Zhang Ravi Addanki Antoine Miech Annie Louis Laurent El Shafey Denis Teplyashin Geoff Brown Elliot Catt Nithya Attaluri Jan Balaguer Jackie Xiang Pidong Wang Zoe Ashwood Anton Briukhov Albert Webson Sanjay Ganapathy Smit Sanghavi Core Contributors Ajay Kannan Ming-Wei Chang Axel Stjerngren Josip Djolonga Yuting Sun Ankur Bapna Matthew Aitchison Pedram Pejman Henryk Michalewski Tianhe Yu Cindy Wang Juliette Love Junwhan Ahn Dawn Bloxwich Kehang Han Peter Humphreys Thibault Sellam James Bradbury Varun Godbole Sina Samangooei Bogdan Damoc Alex Kaskasoli Sébastien M. R. Arnold Vijay Vasudevan Shubham Agrawal Jason Riesa Dmitry Lepikhin Richard Tanburn Srivatsan Srinivasan Hyeontaek Lim Sarah Hodkinson Pranav Shyam Johan Ferret Steven Hand Ankush Garg Tom Le Paine Jian Li Yujia Li Minh Giang Alexander Neitz Zaheer Abbas Sarah York Machel Reid Elizabeth Cole Aakanksha Chowdhery Dipanjan Das Dominika Rogozińska Vitaly Nikolaev Core Contributors Pablo Sprechmann Zachary Nado Lukas Zilka Flavien Prost Luheng He Marianne Monteiro Gaurav Mishra Chris Welty Josh Newlan Dawei Jia Miltiadis Allamanis Clara Huiyi Hu Raoul de Liedekerke Justin Gilmer Carl Saroufim Shruti Rijhwani Shaobo Hou Disha Shrivastava Anirudh Baddepudi Alex Goldin Adnan Ozturel Albin Cassirer Yunhan Xu Daniel Sohn Devendra Sachan Reinald Kim Amplayo Craig Swanson Dessie Petrova Shashi Narayan Arthur Guez Siddhartha Brahma Jessica Landon Miteyan Patel Ruizhe Zhao Kevin Villela Luyu Wang Wenhao Jia Matthew Rahtz Mai Giménez Legg Yeung Hanzhao Lin James Keeling Petko Georgiev Diana Mincu Boxi Wu Salem Haykal Rachel Saputro Kiran Vodrahalli Core Contributors James Qin Zeynep Cankara Abhanshu Sharma Nick Fernando Will Hawkins Behnam Neyshabur Solomon Kim Adrian Hutter Priyanka Agrawal Alex Castro-Ros George van den Driessche Tao Wang Fan Yang Shuo-yiin Chang Paul Komarek Ross McIlroy Mario Lučić Guodong Zhang Wael Farhan Michael Sharman Paul Natsev Paul Michel Yong Cheng Yamini Bansal Siyuan Qiao Kris Cao Siamak Shakeri Christina Butterfield Justin Chung Paul Kishan Rubenstein Shivani Agrawal Arthur Mensch Kedar Soparkar Karel Lenc Timothy Chung Aedan Pope Loren Maggiore Jackie Kay Priya Jhakra Shibo Wang Joshua Maynez Mary Phuong Taylor Tobin Andrea Tacchetti Maja Trebacz Kevin Robinson Yash Katariya Sebastian Riedel Core Contributors Paige Bailey Kefan Xiao Nimesh Ghelani Lora Aroyo Ambrose Slone Neil Houlsby Xuehan Xiong Zhen Yang Elena Gribovskaya Jonas Adler Mateo Wirth Lisa Lee Music Li Thais Kagohara Jay Pavagadhi Sophie Bridgers Anna Bortsova Sanjay Ghemawat Zafarali Ahmed Tianqi Liu Richard Powell Vijay Bolina Mariko Iinuma Polina Zablotskaia James Besley Da-Woon Chung Timothy Dozat Ramona Comanescu Xiance Si Jeremy Greer Guolong Su Martin Polacek Raphaël Lopez Kaufman Simon Tokumine Hexiang Hu Elena Buchatskaya Yingjie Miao Mohamed Elhawaty Aditya Siddhant Nenad Tomasev Jinwei Xing Christina Greer Helen Miller Shereen Ashraf Aurko Roy Zizhao Zhang Ada Ma Angelos Filos Core Contributors Milos Besta Rory Blevins Ted Klimenko Chih-Kuan Yeh Soravit Changpinyo Jiaqi Mu Oscar Chang Mantas Pajarskas Carrie Muir Vered Cohen Charline Le Lan Krishna Haridasan Amit Marathe Steven Hansen Sholto Douglas Rajkumar Samuel Mingqiu Wang Sophia Austin Chang Lan Jiepu Jiang Justin Chiu Jaime Alonso Lorenzo Lars Lowe Sjösund Sébastien Cevey Zach Gleicher Thi Avrahami Anudhyan Boral Hansa Srinivasan Vittorio Selo Rhys May Konstantinos Aisopos Léonard Hussenot Livio Baldini Soares Kate Baumli Michael B. Chang Adrià Recasens Ben Caine Alexander Pritzel Filip Pavetic Fabio Pardo Anita Gergely Justin Frye Vinay Ramasesh Dan Horgan Kartikeya Badola Nora Kassner Subhrajit Roy Ethan Dyer Core Contributors Víctor Campos Alex Tomala Yunhao Tang Dalia El Badawy Elspeth White Basil Mustafa Oran Lang Abhishek Jindal Sharad Vikram Zhitao Gong Sergi Caelles Ross Hemsley Gregory Thornton Fangxiaoyu Feng Wojciech Stokowiec Ce Zheng Phoebe Thacker Çağlar Ünlü Zhishuai Zhang Mohammad Saleh James Svensson Max Bileschi Piyush Patil Ankesh Anand Roman Ring Katerina Tsihlas Arpi Vezer Marco Selvi Toby Shevlane Mikel Rodriguez Tom Kwiatkowski Samira Daruki Keran Rong Allan Dafoe Nicholas FitzGerald Keren Gu-Lemberg Mina Khan Lisa Anne Hendricks Marie Pellat Vladimir Feinberg James Cobon-Kerr Tara Sainath Maribeth Rauh Sayed Hadi Hashemi Richard Ives Yana Hasson YaGuang Li Eric Noland Core Contributors Yuan Cao Nathan Byrd Le Hou Qingze Wang Thibault Sottiaux Michela Paganini Jean-Baptiste Lespiau Alexandre Moufarek Samer Hassan Kaushik Shivakumar Joost van Amersfoort Amol Mandhane Pratik Joshi Anirudh Goyal Matthew Tung Andrew Brock Hannah Sheahan Vedant Misra Cheng Li Nemanja Rakićević Mostafa Dehghani Fangyu Liu Sid Mittal Junhyuk Oh Seb Noury Eren Sezener Fantine Huot Matthew Lamm Nicola De Cao Charlie Chen Contributors Gamaleldin Elsayed Ed Chi Mahdis Mahdieh Ian Tenney Nan Hua Ivan Petrychenko Patrick Kane Dylan Scandinaro Rishub Jain Jonathan Uesato Romina Datta Adam Sadovsky Oskar Bunyan Dominik Rabiej Shimu Wu John Zhang Contributors Gautam Vasudevan Edouard Leurent Mahmoud Alnahlawi Ionut Georgescu Nan Wei Ivy Zheng Betty Chan Pam G Rabinovitch Piotr Stanczyk Ye Zhang David Steiner Subhajit Naskar Michael Azzam Matthew Johnson Adam Paszke Chung-Cheng Chiu Jaume Sanchez Elias Afroz Mohiuddin Faizan Muhammad Jin Miao Andrew Lee Nino Vieillard Sahitya Potluri Jane Park Elnaz Davoodi Jiageng Zhang Jeff Stanway Drew Garmon Abhijit Karmarkar Zhe Dong Jong Lee Aviral Kumar Luowei Zhou Jonathan Evens William Isaac Zhe Chen Johnson Jia Anselm Levskaya Zhenkai Zhu Chris Gorgolewski Peter Grabowski Yu Mao Alberto Magni Kaisheng Yao Javier Snaider Norman Casagrande Paul Suganthan Evan Palmer Contributors Geoffrey Irving Edward Loper Manaal Faruqui Isha Arkatkar Nanxin Chen Izhak Shafran Michael Fink Alfonso Castaño Irene Giannoumis Wooyeol Kim Mikołaj Rybiński Ashwin Sreevatsa Jennifer Prendki David Soergel Adrian Goedeckemeyer Willi Gierke Mohsen Jafari Meenu Gaba Jeremy Wiesner Diana Gage Wright Yawen Wei Harsha Vashisht Yana Kulizhskaya Jay Hoover Maigo Le Lu Li Chimezie Iwuanyanwu Lu Liu Kevin Ramirez Andrey Khorlin Albert Cui Tian LIN Marin Georgiev Marcus Wu Ricardo Aguilar Keith Pallo Abhishek Chakladar Alena Repina Xihui Wu Tom van der Weide Priya Ponnapalli Caroline Kaplan Jiri Simsa Shuangfeng Li Olivier Dousse Fan Yang Jeff Piper Nathan Ie Contributors Minnie Lui Rama Pasumarthi Nathan Lintz Anitha Vijayakumar Lam Nguyen Thiet Daniel Andor Pedro Valenzuela Cosmin Paduraru Daiyi Peng Katherine Lee Shuyuan Zhang Somer Greene Duc Dung Nguyen Paula Kurylowicz Sarmishta Velury Sebastian Krause Cassidy Hardin Lucas Dixon Lili Janzer Kiam Choo Ziqiang Feng Biao Zhang Achintya Singhal Tejasi Latkar Mingyang Zhang Quoc Le Elena Allica Abellan Dayou Du Dan McKinnon Natasha Antropova Tolga Bolukbasi Orgad Keller David Reid Daniel Finchelstein Maria Abi Raad Remi Crocker Peter Hawkins Robert Dadashi Colin Gaffney Sid Lall Ken Franko Egor Filonov Anna Bulanova Rémi Leblond Vikas Yadav Shirley Chung Harry Askham Luis C. Cobo Contributors Kelvin Xu Felix Fischer Jun Xu Christina Sorokin Chris Alberti Chu-Cheng Lin Colin Evans Hao Zhou Alek Dimitriev Hannah Forbes Dylan Banarse Zora Tung Jeremiah Liu Mark Omernick Colton Bishop Chintu Kumar Rachel Sterneck Ryan Foley Rohan Jain Swaroop Mishra Jiawei Xia Taylor Bos Geoffrey Cideron Ehsan Amid Francesco Piccinno Xingyu Wang Praseem Banzal Petru Gurita Hila Noga Premal Shah Daniel J. Mankowitz Alex Polozov Nate Kushman Victoria Krakovna Sasha Brown MohammadHossein Bateni Dennis Duan Vlad Firoiu Meghana Thotakuri Tom Natan Anhad Mohananey Matthieu Geist Sidharth Mudgal Sertan Girgin Hui Li Jiayu Ye Ofir Roval Reiko Tojo Contributors Michael Kwong James Lee-Thorp Christopher Yew Quan Yuan Sumit Bagri Danila Sinopalnikov Sabela Ramos John Mellor Abhishek Sharma Aliaksei Severyn Jonathan Lai Kathy Wu Heng-Tze Cheng David Miller Nicolas Sonnerat Denis Vnukov Rory Greig Jennifer Beattie Emily Caveness Libin Bai Julian Eisenschlos Alex Korchemniy Tomy Tsai Mimi Jasarevic Weize Kong Phuong Dao Zeyu Zheng Frederick Liu Fan Yang Rui Zhu Mark Geller Tian Huey Teh Jason Sanmiya Evgeny Gladchenko Nejc Trdin Andrei Sozanschi Daniel Toyama Evan Rosen Sasan Tavakkol Linting Xue Chen Elkind Oliver Woodman John Carpenter George Papamakarios Rupert Kemp Sushant Kafle Tanya Grunina Rishika Sinha Contributors Alice Talbert Abhimanyu Goyal Diane Wu Denese Owusu-Afriyie Cosmo Du Chloe Thornton Jordi Pont-Tuset Pradyumna Narayana Jing Li Saaber Fatehi John Wieting Omar Ajmeri Benigno Uria Tao Zhu Yeongil Ko Laura Knight Amélie Héliou Ning Niu Shane Gu Chenxi Pang Dustin Tran Yeqing Li Nir Levine Ariel Stolovich Norbert Kalb Rebeca Santamaria-Fernandez Sonam Goenka Wenny Yustalim Robin Strudel Ali Elqursh Balaji Lakshminarayanan Charlie Deck Shyam Upadhyay Hyo Lee Mike Dusenberry Zonglin Li Xuezhi Wang Kyle Levin Raphael Hoffmann Dan Holtmann-Rice Olivier Bachem Summer Yue Sho Arora Eric Malmi Daniil Mirylenka Qijun Tan Christy Koh Soheil Hassas Yeganeh Contributors Siim Põder Steven Zheng Francesco Pongetti Mukarram Tariq Yanhua Sun Lucian Ionita Mojtaba Seyedhosseini Pouya Tafti Ragha Kotikalapudi Zhiyu Liu Anmol Gulati Jasmine Liu Xinyu Ye Bart Chrzaszcz Lily Wang Nikhil Sethi Tianrun Li Ben Brown Shreya Singh Wei Fan Aaron Parisi Joe Stanton Chenkai Kuang Vinod Koverkathu Christopher A. Choquette-Choo Yunjie Li TJ Lu Abe Ittycheriah Prakash Shroff Pei Sun Mani Varadarajan Sanaz Bahargam Rob Willoughby David Gaddy Ishita Dasgupta Guillaume Desjardins Marco Cornero Brona Robenek Bhavishya Mittal Ben Albrecht Ashish Shenoy Fedor Moiseev Henrik Jacobsson Alireza Ghaffarkhah Morgane Rivière Alanna Walton Clément Crepy Alicia Parrish Contributors Yuan Liu Zongwei Zhou Clement Farabet Carey Radebaugh Praveen Srinivasan Claudia van der Salm Andreas Fidjeland Salvatore Scellato Eri Latorre-Chimoto Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska David Bridson Dario de Cesare Tom Hudson Piermaria Mendolicchio Lexi Walker Alex Morris Ivo Penchev Matthew Mauger Alexey Guseynov Alison Reid Seth Odoom Lucia Loher Victor Cotruta Madhavi Yenugula Dominik Grewe Anastasia Petrushkina Tom Duerig Antonio Sanchez Steve Yadlowsky Amy Shen Amir Globerson Adam Kurzrok Lynette Webb Sahil Dua Dong Li Preethi Lahoti Surya Bhupatiraju Dan Hurt Haroon Qureshi Ananth Agarwal Tomer Shani Matan Eyal Anuj Khare Shreyas Rammohan Belle Lei Wang Chetan Tekur Mihir Sanjay Kale Jinliang Wei Contributors Ruoxin Sang Brennan Saeta Tyler Liechty Yi Sun Yao Zhao Stephan Lee Pandu Nayak Doug Fritz Manish Reddy Vuyyuru John Aslanides Nidhi Vyas Martin Wicke Xiao Ma Taylan Bilal Evgenii Eltyshev Daniel Balle Nina Martin Hardie Cate James Manyika Keyvan Amiri Yelin Kim Xi Xiong Kai Kang Florian Luisier Nilesh Tripuraneni David Madras Mandy Guo Austin Waters Oliver Wang Joshua Ainslie Jason Baldridge Han Zhang Garima Pruthi Jakob Bauer Feng Yang Riham Mansour Jason Gelman Yang Xu George Polovets Ji Liu Honglong Cai Warren Chen XiangHai Sheng Emily Xue Sherjil Ozair Adams Yu Christof Angermueller Contributors Xiaowei Li Weiren Wang Julia Wiesinger Emmanouil Koukoumidis Yuan Tian Anand Iyer Madhu Gurumurthy Mark Goldenson Parashar Shah MK Blake Hongkun Yu Anthony Urbanowicz Jennimaria Palomaki Chrisantha Fernando Kevin Brooks Ken Durden Harsh Mehta Nikola Momchev Elahe Rahimtoroghi Maria Georgaki Amit Raul Sebastian Ruder Morgan Redshaw Jinhyuk Lee Komal Jalan Dinghua Li Ginger Perng Blake Hechtman Parker Schuh Milad Nasr Mia Chen Kieran Milan Vladimir Mikulik Trevor Strohman Juliana Franco Tim Green Program Leads Demis Hassabis Koray Kavukcuoglu Overall Technical Leads (equal contribution) Jeffrey Dean Oriol Vinyals The roles are defined as below: • : Individual(s) responsible for the sub-team throughout the project. Lead Individual that had significant impact throughout the project. • Core Contributor: : Individual that had contributions to the project and was partially involved with the effort. • Contributor Responsible for the organizational aspects of the Gemini effort • Program Lead: Responsible for the technical direction of the overall Gemini effort • Overall Technical Lead: Within each role, contributions are equal, and are listed in a randomized order. Ordering within each role does not indicate ordering of the contributions. Gemini is a cross-Google effort, with members from Google DeepMind (GDM), Google Research (GR), Knowledge and Information (K&I), Core ML, Cloud, Labs, and more. We thank our reviewers and colleagues for their valuable discussions and feedback on the report— Alexandra Belias, Arielle Bier, Eleanor Tomlinson, Emily Hossellman, Gaby Pearl, Helen King, Hollie Dobson, Jaclyn Konzelmann, Jennifer Beroshi, Joel Moss, Jon Small, Jonathan Fildes, Oli Gaymond, Rebecca Bland, Reena Jana, and Tom Lue. Our work is made possible by the dedication and efforts of numerous teams at Google. We would like to acknowledge the support from Abhi Mohan, Adekunle Bello, Aishwarya Nagarajan, Alaa Saade, Alejandro Lince, Alexander Chen, Alexander Kolbasov, Alexander Schiffhauer, Amar Subramanya, Ameya Shringi, Amin Vahdat, Anda Rabatić, Anthonie Gross, Antoine Yang, Anthony Green, Anton Ruddock, Art Khurshudov, Artemis Chen, Arthur Argenson, Avinatan Hassidim, Beiye Liu, Benjamin Schroeder, Bin Ni, Brett Daw, Bryan Chiang, Burak Gokturk, Carl Crous, Carrie Grimes Bostock, Charbel Kaed, Charlotte Banks, Che Diaz, Chris Larkin, Christy Lian, Claire Cui, Clare Bycroft, Corentin Tallec, Daniel Herndon, Dave Burke, David Battle, David Engel, Dipannita Shaw, Donghyun Koo, Doug Ritchie, Dragos Stefanescu, Elissa Wolf, Emre Sargin, Eran Ofek, Eric Herren, Estella King, Fatema Alkhanaizi, Felix Gimeno, Fernando Pereira, Florent Altché, Gabriel Carvajal, Gaurav Gandhi, George Powell, Goran Pavičić, Harry Richardson, Hassan Wassel, Hongji Li, Idan Szpektor, Igor Ivanisevic, Ivan Jambrešić, Ivan Jurin, Jade Fowler, James Assiene, Jay Yagnik, Jeanbastien Grill, Jeff Seibert, Jenna LaPlante, Jessica Austin, Jianxing Lu, Jim O’Keeffe, Jin Huang, Joe Heyward, Johannes Welbl, John Jumper, Jonathan Caton, Josh Woodward, Joshua Foster, Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool, Katrina Wong, Kavya Kopparapu, Kelvin Nguyen, Kira Yin, Konstantin Sharlaimov, Kun Li, Lee Hong, Lilly Taylor, Longfei Shen, Luc Mercier, Maciej Mikuła, Mania Abdi, Manuel Sanchez, Maria Ines Aranguren, Mario Carlos Cortes III, Matthew Tait, Matthias Lochbrunner, Mehdi Ghissassi, Micah Mosley, Michael Bendersky, Michael Figurnov, Michael Harris, Michael Mathieu, Michael O’Neill, Michael Vorburger, Mihir Paradkar, Nandita Dukkipati, Nathan Carter, Nathan Watson, Neil Rabinowitz, Nikhil Dandekar, Nishant Ranka, Obaid Sarvana, Olcan Sercinoglu, Olivier Lacombe, Ottavia Bertolli, Paul Caron, Pranesh Srinivasan, Praveen Kumar, Rahul Sukthankar, Raia Hadsell, Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan, Roberto Lupi, Rosie Zou, Sachin Menezes, Sadegh Jazayeri, Sam Cheung, Sameer Bidichandani, Sania Alex, Sanjiv Kumar, Sara Wiltberger, Sarah Fitzgerald, Saz Basu, Sebastian Nowozin, Shannon Hepburn, Shayne Cardwell, Sissie Hsiao, Srinivasan Venkatachary, Sugato Basu, Sundar Pichai, Sundeep Tirumalareddy, Susannah Young, Swetha Vijayaraghavan, Tania Bedrax-Weiss, Taylor Applebaum, Teiva Harsanyi, Terry Chen, Tim Blyth, Ting Liu, Tom Cobley, Tomas Izo, Trystan Upstill, Varun Singhai, Vedrana Klarić Trupčević, Victor Cai, Vladimir Pudovkin, Vu Dang, Wenbo Zhao, Wesley Crow, Wesley Szeng, Xiaodan Song, Yazhou Zu, Ye Tian, Yicong Wang, Yixing Wang, Yossi Matias, Yunlong Jiao, Zachary Jessup, Zhenchuan Pang, Žiga Avsec, Zimeng Yang, and Zoubin Ghahramani. We’d also like to recognize the AlphaCode team, the Borg Scheduling team, the Facilities team, the Gemini Demo Team, the Global Server Ops (GSO) team, the JAX team, the the Legal team, ML SRE team, the ML Supercomputer (MLSC) team, the PartIR team, the Platforms Infrastructure Engineering (PIE) team, and the XLA Compiler team. We thank everyone at Google not explicitly mentioned above, who have shared excitement, given feedback on early Gemini models or created interesting demo uses of Gemini, and worked with or supported the core Gemini team on many aspects of this project.

Gemini -  A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models: Contributions and Acknowledgments

A Treatise on Painting by da Vinci Leonardo, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS here MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS. Chap. CCCXLIV.— Why a painted Object does not appear so far distant as a real one, though they be conveyed to the Eye by equal Angles. If a house be painted on the pannel B C, at the apparent distance of one mile, and by the side of it a real one be perceived at the true distance of one mile also; which objects are so disposed, that the pannel, or picture, A C, intersects the pyramidical rays with the same opening of angles; yet these two objects will never appear of the same size, nor at the same distance, if seen with both eyes. Chap. CCCXLV.— How to draw a Figure standing upon its Feet, to appear forty Braccia high, in a Space of twenty Braccia, with proportionate Members. In this, as in any other case, the painter is not to mind what kind of surface he has to work upon; particularly if his painting is to be seen from a determined point, such as a window, or any other opening. Because the eye is not to attend to the evenness or roughness of the wall, but only to what is to be represented as beyond that wall; such as a landscape, or any thing else. Nevertheless a curved surface, such as F R G, would be the best, because it has no angles. Chap. CCCXLVI.— Plate XXII. How to draw a Figure twenty-four Braccia high, upon a Wall twelve Braccia high. Draw upon part of the wall M N, half the figure you mean to represent; and the other half upon the cove above, M R. But before that, it will be necessary to draw upon a flat board, or a paper, the profile of the wall and cove, of the same shape and dimension, as that upon which you are to paint. Then draw also the profile of your figure, of whatever size you please, by the side of it; draw all the lines to the point F, and where they intersect the profile M R, you will have the dimensions of your figure as they ought to be drawn upon the real spot. You will find, that on the straight part of the wall M N, it will come of its proper form, because the going off perpendicularly will diminish it naturally; but that part which comes upon the curve will be diminished upon your drawing. The whole must be traced afterwards upon the real spot, which is similar to M N. This is a good and safe method. Chap. CCCXLVII.— Why, on measuring a Face, and then painting it of the same Size, it will appear larger than the natural one. A B is the breadth of the space, or of the head, and it is placed on the paper at the distance C F, where the cheeks are, and it would have to stand back all A C, and then the temples would be carried to the distance O R of the lines A F, B F; so that there is the difference C O and R D. It follows that the line C F, and the line D F, in order to become shorter, have to go and find the paper where the whole height is drawn, that is to say, the lines F A, and F B, where the true size is; and so it makes the difference, as I have said, of C O, and R D. Chap. CCCXLVIII.— Why the most perfect Imitation of Nature will not appear to have the same Relief as Nature itself. If nature is seen with two eyes, it will be impossible to imitate it upon a picture so as to appear with the same relief, though the lines, the lights, shades, and colour, be perfectly imitated. It is proved thus: let the eyes A B, look at the object C, with the concurrence of both the central visual rays A C and B C. I say, that the sides of the visual angles (which contain these central rays) will see the space G D, behind the object C. The eye A will see all the space FD, and the eye B all the space G E. Therefore the two eyes will see behind the object C all the space F E; for which reason that object C becomes as it were transparent, according to the definition of transparent bodies, behind which nothing is hidden. This cannot happen if an object were seen with one eye only, provided it be larger than the eye. From all that has been said, we may conclude, that a painted object, occupying all the space it has behind, leaves no possible way to see any part of the ground, which it covers entirely by its own circumference. Chap. CCCXLIX.— Universality of Painting; a Precept. A painter cannot be said to aim at universality in the art, unless he love equally every species of that art. For instance, if he delight only in landscape, his can be esteemed only as a simple investigation; and, as our friend Botticello remarks, is but a vain study; since, by throwing a sponge impregnated with various colours against a wall, it leaves some spots upon it, which may appear like a landscape. It is true also, that a variety of compositions may be seen in such spots, according to the disposition of mind with which they are considered; such as heads of men, various animals, battles, rocky scenes, seas, clouds, woods, and the like. It may be compared to the sound of bells, which may seem to say whatever we choose to imagine. In the same manner also, those spots may furnish hints for compositions, though they do not teach us how to finish any particular part; and the imitators of them are but sorry landscape-painters. Chap. CCCL.— In what Manner the Mirror is the true Master of Painters. When you wish to know if your picture be like the object you mean to represent, have a flat looking-glass, and place it so as to reflect the object you have imitated, and compare carefully the original with the copy. You see upon a flat mirror the representation of things which appear real; Painting is the same. They are both an even superficies, and both give the idea of something beyond their superficies. Since you are persuaded that the looking-glass, by means of lines and shades, gives you the representation of things as if they were real; you being in possession of colours which in their different lights and shades are stronger than those of the looking-glass, may certainly, if you employ the rules with judgment, give to your picture the same appearance of Nature as you admire in the looking-glass. Or rather, your picture will be like Nature itself seen in a large looking-glass. This looking-glass (being your master) will shew you the lights and shades of any object whatever. Amongst your colours there are some lighter than the lightest part of your model, and also some darker than the strongest shades; from which it follows, that you ought to represent Nature as seen in your looking-glass, when you look at it with one eye only; because both eyes surround the objects too much, particularly when they are small. Chap. CCCLI.— Which Painting is to be esteemed the best. That painting is the most commendable which has the greatest conformity to what is meant to be imitated. This kind of comparison will often put to shame a certain description of painters, who pretend they can mend the works of Nature; as they do, for instance, when they pretend to represent a child twelve months old, giving him eight heads in height, when Nature in its best proportion admits but five. The breadth of the shoulders also, which is equal to the head, they make double, giving to a child a year old, the proportions of a man of thirty. They have so often practised, and seen others practise these errors, that they have converted them into habit, which has taken so deep a root in their corrupted judgment, that they persuade themselves that Nature and her imitators are wrong in not following their own practice. Chap. CCCLII.— Of the Judgment to be made of a Painter’s Work. The first thing to be considered is, whether the figures have their proper relief, according to their respective situations, and the light they are in: that the shadows be not the same at the extremities of the groups, as in the middle; because being surrounded by shadows, or shaded only on one side, produce very different effects. The groups in the middle are surrounded by shadows from the other figures, which are between them and the light. Those which are at the extremities have the shadows only on one side, and receive the light on the other. The strongest and smartest touches of shadows are to be in the interstice between the figures of the principal group where the light cannot penetrate. Secondly, that by the order and disposition of the figures they appear to be accommodated to the subject, and the true representation of the history in question. Thirdly, that the figures appear alive to the occasion which brought them together, with expressions suited to their attitudes. Chap. CCCLIII.— How to make an imaginary Animal appear natural. It is evident that it will be impossible to invent any animal without giving it members, and these members must individually resemble those of some known animal. If you wish, therefore, to make a chimera, or imaginary animal, appear natural (let us suppose a serpent); take the head of a mastiff, the eyes of a cat, the ears of a porcupine, the mouth of a hare, the brows of a lion, the temples of an old cock, and the neck of a sea tortoise. Chap. CCCLIV.— Painters are not to imitate one another. One painter ought never to imitate the manner of any other; because in that case he cannot be called the child of Nature, but the grandchild. It is always best to have recourse to Nature, which is replete with such abundance of objects, than to the productions of other masters, who learnt every thing from her. Chap. CCCLV.— How to judge of one’s own Work. It is an acknowledged fact, that we perceive errors in the works of others more readily than in our own. A painter, therefore, ought to be well instructed in perspective, and acquire a perfect knowledge of the dimensions of the human body; he should also be a good architect, at least as far as concerns the outward shape of buildings, with their different parts; and where he is deficient, he ought not to neglect taking drawings from Nature. It will be well also to have a looking-glass by him, when he paints, to look often at his work in it, which being seen the contrary way, will appear as the work of another hand, and will better shew his faults. It will be useful also to quit his work often, and take some relaxation, that his judgment may be clearer at his return; for too great application and sitting still is sometimes the cause of many gross errors. Chap. CCCLVI.— Of correcting Errors which you discover. Remember, that when, by the exercise of your own judgment, or the observation of others, you discover any errors in your work, you immediately set about correcting them, lest, in exposing your works to the public, you expose your defects also. Admit not any self-excuse, by persuading yourself that you shall retrieve your character, and that by some succeeding work you shall make amends for your shameful negligence; for your work does not perish as soon as it is out of your hands, like the sound of music, but remains a standing monument of your ignorance. If you excuse yourself by saying that you have not time for the study necessary to form a great painter, having to struggle against necessity, you yourself are only to blame; for the study of what is excellent is food both for mind and body. How many philosophers, born to great riches, have given them away, that they might not be retarded in their pursuits! Chap. CCCLVII.— The best Place for looking at a Picture. Let us suppose, that A B is the picture, receiving the light from D; I say, that whoever is placed between C and E, will see the picture very badly, particularly if it be painted in oil, or varnished; because it will shine, and will appear almost of the nature of a looking-glass. For these reasons, the nearer you go towards C, the less you will be able to see, because of the light from the window upon the picture, sending its reflection to that point. But if you place yourself between E D, you may conveniently see the picture, and the more so as you draw nearer to the point D, because that place is less liable to be struck by the reflected rays. Chap. CCCLVIII.— Of Judgment. There is nothing more apt to deceive us than our own judgment, in deciding on our own works; and we should derive more advantage from having our faults pointed out by our enemies, than by hearing the opinions of our friends, because they are too much like ourselves, and may deceive us as much as our own judgment. Chap. CCCLIX.— Of Employment anxiously wished for by Painters. And you, painter, who are desirous of great practice, understand, that if you do not rest it on the good foundation of Nature, you will labour with little honour and less profit; and if you do it on a good ground your works will be many and good, to your great honour and advantage. Chap. CCCLX.— Advice to Painters. A painter ought to study universal Nature, and reason much within himself on all he sees, making use of the most excellent parts that compose the species of every object before him. His mind will by this method be like a mirror, reflecting truly every object placed before it, and become, as it were, a second Nature. Chap. CCCLXI.— Of Statuary. To execute a figure in marble, you must first make a model of it in clay, or plaster, and when it is finished, place it in a square case, equally capable of receiving the block of marble intended to be shaped like it. Have some peg-like sticks to pass through holes made in the sides, and all round the case; push them in till every one touches the model, marking what remains of the sticks outwards with ink, and making a countermark to every stick and its hole, so that you may at pleasure replace them again. Then having taken out the model, and placed the block of marble in its stead, take so much out of it, till all the pegs go in at the same holes to the marks you had made. To facilitate the work, contrive your frame so that every part of it, separately, or all together, may be lifted up, except the bottom, which must remain under the marble. By this method you may chop it off with great facility. Chap. CCCLXII.— On the Measurement and Division of Statues into Parts. Divide the head into twelve parts, each part into twelve degrees, each degree into twelve minutes, and these minutes into seconds. Chap. CCCLXIII.— A Precept for the Painter. The painter who entertains no doubt of his own ability, will attain very little. When the work succeeds beyond the judgment, the artist acquires nothing; but when the judgment is superior to the work, he never ceases improving, if the love of gain do not retard his progress. Chap. CCCLXIV.— On the Judgment of Painters. When the work is equal to the knowledge and judgment of the painter, it is a bad sign; and when it surpasses the judgment, it is still worse, as is the case with those who wonder at having succeeded so well. But when the judgment surpasses the work, it is a perfectly good sign; and the young painter who possesses that rare disposition, will, no doubt, arrive at great perfection. He will produce few works, but they will be such as to fix the admiration of every beholder. Chap. CCCLXV.— That a Man ought not to trust to himself, but ought to consult Nature. Whoever flatters himself that he can retain in his memory all the effects of Nature, is deceived, for our memory is not so capacious; therefore consult Nature for every thing. THE END. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. da Vinci Leonardo (2014). A Treatise on Painting. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/46915/pg46915-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

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Introduction Mobile banking is not what it used to be just a few years ago. Customers around the world are discovering new kinds of experiences that minimize visits to physical branches (or eliminate them altogether) in favor of hyper-convenient, feature-rich apps that let you track expenses, build a budget, or even trade stocks and crypto. quicker to welcome these new experiences, like the EU, Russia and Latin America. On the other hand, we can see some of the markets, like the US, resisting change owing to legacy banking systems and stricter legislation. But the common truth is that mobile banking is not only here to stay - it will never be the same again. In this article we will look at some of the current mobile banking trends that are redefining your day-to-day financial operations, as well as new approaches to building mobile banking apps and their potential future. Trends Security Let’s first talk about the issue that prevents someone from trying mobile banking in the first place: the safety of their data and funds. As mobile devices introduced new security features like on-device encryption and biometric authentication (first with fingerprints, later with the face and even with your iris), mobile banking has seen an explosion in adoption since it first became a concept with the breakthrough of the smartphone in 2008. Biometrics But progress in that area hasn’t stopped. On the contrary, cybersecurity engineers are constantly introducing new security measures aiming at preventing attacks from happening in the first place and boosting devices’ underlying security. The pandemic has exacerbated the need for security methods that rely on non-fungible traits of the bank account owner rather than passwords or secret codes that can be copied. For example, voice recognition technology has made great strides in becoming available for use in the mobile banking context, and some companies have successfully launched pilots. At Sinara Bank, we aim to build trust in our biometric solutions as we adopt the “One-time contact” approach to offering our retail banking services. This means the client needs to complete a one-time biometric authentication procedure in our branch, and subsequent banking services will be provided on a remote-first basis. We are also experimenting with offering initial biometric authentication without any branch visits at all, and are seeing a positive dynamic with adoption. Voice biometrics is increasingly getting adopted by US bank call centers to securely authenticate account holders who can finally ditch learning a secret phrase or punching in their credit card number on the line. HSBC UK claims it was able to prevent almost £1 billion in customer funds from being stolen by malicious actors thanks to its adoption of voice authentication technology. These “voiceprint” models can be effectively scaled to mobile apps and even combined with existing biometric authentication methods like fingerprint and face recognition to create a unique biometric identity for every customer that is simply impossible to spoof. Real-Time Monitoring Banks also turn to Big Data models to learn how to identify and stop attacks in real time by monitoring millions of active processes across branches and security systems and identifying patterns that would indicate an attack vector. Data analytics derived from banking mobile apps can be a principal contributor to ensuring the security of the banking system. Features Banking apps are more feature-rich than ever. Here are some of the innovations that keep banning customers coming back: Superapps Banking apps have evolved from simply allowing users to check their balance and conduct basic transfer operations to offering the full scope of banking services and even third-party integrations that simplify everyday tasks and empower a healthier financial lifestyle. These bank apps offer instant chat-style customer support, built-in loan instruments and financial expenses dashboards that help customers track their spending habits and plan ahead, automatic bill payment, and sometimes even public transportation payment options, airline tickets and cinema and theater tickets, typically offered as part of the bank’s loyalty program. Of course, customers increasingly find banking apps with better UX to be more appealing. According to internal research by Sinara Bank, only 7% of our clients took advantage of remote APR deposits in 2019. In 2022, that number was 60%. We are seeing a similar dynamic with pre-approved loans as well. This year alone, our app’s MAU and DAU have jumped 11% and 20% respectively. In addition to that, almost all of our clients transitioned to mobile-only banking, abandoning desktop versions and bank branch visits altogether, with just under 10% of our client base sticking to the legacy desktop web application to manage their finances. Overall penetration of our mobile banking app skyrocketed from 40% to 75% over the past few years, with even the most skeptical groups like elderly depositors finally moving on. We can confidently say that clients overwhelmingly prefer a remote-first banking approach, and we responded accordingly with all new features being remote and mobile-only. More Ways To Pay NFC payments are arguably the most convenient way to pay for goods and services - just tap with your phone and you’re done. It’s seamless, secure and blazing fast, but also not the only way to pay with a smartphone. The banking apps of 2023 need to support more ways of payment to offer customers choice and flexibility, plus, retail chains may create special cashback programs that incentivize customers to use one payment method over the other. QR code payments are a fantastic alternative to NFC payments for customers who, for example, don’t have an NFC-enabled device. This way, they can quickly pay by pointing their camera at the QR code at the checkout counter and deduct funds directly from their bank account. Another popular way to pay is digital wallets and bank-enabled BNPL services which have skyrocketed in recent years as players like Klarna, ShopPay and Afterpay introduced simple loan-based payments on websites, typically with zero interest. Banks are creating hybrid services that combine easy-to-use digital wallets that do not require card credentials with BNPL options that incentivize quick purchases and create an additional revenue stream. Instant Transfers Gone are the days when you needed someone's sixteen-digit bank account number and other lengthy details to conduct a basic wire transfer, which would be executed within several banking business days. At Sinara Bank, we introduced instant operations like C2C, C2B and me-2-me pulls several years ago. Now, we’ve added phone number and QR code transfers between individuals and organizations. We already hit a turnover of $4 million on these operations, up from zero, and we are currently testing instant phone number-based cross-border transfers as well. This trend is global: for example, the US’ Federal Reserve is currently testing its instant transfer system called FedNow that would finally allow the aging US banking system to catch up with the modern world. Of course, other phone number-based transfer applications like Zelle aren’t quick to give up their market shares. Virtual Assistants In the advent of virtual assistants, users rely on Siri, Google Assistant, and even on brand new products like Bing Chat to simplify their interactions with devices and boost productivity, and banks are implementing the same functionality in banking apps to speed up routine tasks like sending quick transfers to relatives or paying bills. Artificial intelligence AI is all the rage, and banks can take advantage of it to perform deeper financial analysis of its customers and offer more personalized financial products. Some companies like Affirm already use AI to accurately score potential borrowers with limited credit history. Crypto and Assets Digital currency is not only for enthusiasts anymore. Governments around the world are flocking to legalize and take advantage of all that digital assets have to offer. Even the United States is piloting a so-called “digital dollar” that should unlock next-generation banking capabilities for millions of retail clients. Sinara Bank is proud to be one of the Russian banks partaking in the digital ruble pilot program. But industry-wide adoption does not stop with analogs of regular currency - many banking apps are starting to integrate with popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and USDT. Some of the leading global banks that are opening their doors to crypto include Revolut, Ally Bank, USAA and even Bank of America., Banking-as-a-Service Neobanks have recently sprung up across the financial landscape to provide competition to traditional banks by undercutting them and introducing features previously unheard of. These novel institutions often lack branches and boast convenient apps with features that younger customers have come to expect from digitally native financial services like PayPal. In response, banks are turning to Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) platforms to create customized neobank-like experiences that rely on their own infrastructure, diversify their offerings and attract more customers. An everyday example of BaaS solutions are airline credit cards that one might use regularly to accumulate miles and fly cheaper. These cards are issued by banks, not airlines, and in this scenario, both of them reap the benefits. Another example of BaaS are neobank-esque financial companies like Chime that rely on the infrastructure of a legacy bank (in this case, Bancorp Bank, N.A. and Stride Bank, N.A.) to provide services that the underlying banks do not, thus netting those banks more clients. Open Banking Similarly to BaaS, open banking involves the bank opening up some of its tightly kept infrastructure to a third party, but unlike BaaS, it is designed to integrate information from your account with a third party app, like a financial management and planning app that keeps track of your expenses for you. An example of this is Wallet by BudgetBakers, which can synchronize with your bank account to unlock insights into your spending, projected income and overall financial outlook. Conclusion Any banking app can check your balance. So if you want your app to stand out in this increasingly crowded feel, think of ways to pack as many features as possible in the simplest app possible. The future of mobile banking is that of peace-of-mind security that customers don’t have to think twice about, and of infinite flexibility that allows them to manage their entire financial life from a single app. And with more artificial intelligence tools becoming available every day, it’s up to the banks and app developers to take advantage of it to create apps customers will rely on throughout their entire financial journey.

Mobile Banking: Predictions For Mobile Applications Development

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