Cardiologs

cardiologs

How K-SIF and SIF Revolutionize Anomaly Detection in Complex Datasets

Exploring the Advancements in Few-Shot Learning with Noisy Channel Language Model Prompting

There is a new preprint on , , where the authors concluded that, "GPT models perform worse than humans, on average, in solving letter string analogy tasks using the normal alphabet. Moreover, when such tasks are presented with counterfactual alphabets, these models display drops in accuracy that are not seen in humans, and the kinds of mistakes that these models make are different from the kinds of mistakes that humans make. These results imply that GPT models are still lacking the kind of abstract reasoning needed for human-like fluid intelligence." arXiv Using Counterfactual Tasks to Evaluate the Generality of Analogical Reasoning in Large Language Models Human intelligence and LLMs are not directly comparable for a few reasons: , what is the convergence between humans and LLMs? Or, what is the primary commonality between humans and LLMs? Digital. This means that what humans do on digital, that LLMs can do, is digitally delimited. First While it is clear that humans understand more than LLMs, which humans express on paper, in communications, and then on digital, LLMs are using what humans have made on digital, in a fraction of the vastness of human abilities. So, just the digital inputs and outputs of humans are comparable with LLMs. LLMs can be compared to a person learning a second language. However, the progress level should not be measured with someone who is a native speaker but with a native speaker of that language learning another language of similar difficulty. This implies that LLMs are trying to do what humans are great at in comparison with if humans were to learn machine language and communicate with it. What does it mean that, as the only non-living things, LLMs can do some of the intelligent things that humans can do, at least, on digital? It means that the similarities are not just what matters but divergence. LLMs can simply be told to make fake images, videos, or audio. They can be told to write fake information. They run the errand. They pay attention. They are aware of information from different sources. However, they have no emotional connection to anything. They show no remorse. They also have no knowledge of the consequences. They are the only non-organism that has what is parallel to a human mind, refuting the ubiquity of mind, suggested by panpsychism. The human mind has functions, and those functions have qualifiers. The collection of the qualifiers can be termed as consciousness, the super qualifier. LLMs would win over the human mind because of how good they would deliver on tasks. Many call them tools, but tools that can use language, an agent of being, to access many parts of the mind, including solving valuable problems in situations, is an elevation for LLMs. They are not like pets but like evolving cohabitants. AI Safety and Digital Memory Digital is not physical. This distinction is now important in an age where there is contamination in digital. AI can be used to find correlations in cardiology, particle physics, decipher papyrus, and so forth, but AI can also clone voices, deepfake images, videos, and generate convincing misinformation amid other vices. Some of these and other things were at least contained or a tad difficult in the past. In the physical, contaminants, like pathogens, require precautions against their sources, say water, air, forests, or others. Digital contaminants are freely able to spread with physical-representative digital, with little barriers. It will be important to note that whatever is not physical may not be as real, at times, if there is no guarantee that it is a transmission of live physical, or something extra verifiable. The internet is already unified, which, with its advantages, may not be a great thing anymore, as contamination can spread, including cyberattacks. There can be new ways to use AI as security agents, making detections of sources where harmful traffic or activities might be originating, which some are already doing. For any page on social media or the internet that a person would visit, there can be an AI reader assistant that goes ahead to interpret images, videos, audio, and stories on it. This is done by some browsers already for search results. It would be vital for social media, not just to say what is ahead while scrolling, but to blur some, if the image, video, or text would be problematic to the person's mental health, or does not have a physical representation likelihood or may be misleading. Some platforms may provide some features where, as people make posts they go through a filter, such that those who would see it will be sure of what they are seeing, as a real representation of the physical. along with digital use, where the working of memory, emotions, feelings, intelligence, and so forth, can be available as a what to consult on the side, against allowing digital results to carry a user away, before much can be done. How the human mind works, conceptually, may also be useful to go The importance of how the mind works as an attachment to digital results is to ensure that some of the effects of contaminated digital images that are sent are mitigated, with the ability to use intent to check distributions in the mind, before falling for it. Just like brain science, cognitive science, psychology, psychiatry, philosophy of mind, and the rest are driven by labels, AI is also being labeled. There are labels for different aspects of memory, like there are labels for types of emotions, feelings, and so forth, but the key importance in the human mind is how sets of impulses mechanize them, not what they are called. For AI, there are labels like emergent properties, layers, parameters, tokens, self-attention, and so forth. What will be important is to find parallels between the qualifiers of the human mind and those that are acting on digital for AI. This is different from direct comparisons of the parameters of LLMs to brain synapses. AI safety institutes may be focused on technical paths against AI risks, which are great, but parallels to the human mind, to know what AI is doing within digital, similar to how the mind qualifies functions, may be useful to set off alarms, or capability benchmarks, especially for wide distribution, thick sets of memory, sequences, and others. LLMs can interpret inputs, with their ability to summarize essays, similar to how biological senses can also interpret. This is an example of a distant parallel, to human sentience, qualifying inputs with memory functions. Research and development into the mind, theoretically, may be useful for safety, especially to develop counter agents, or counter qualifiers, against those that serve contaminations. Feature image source

AI Safety: Human Intelligence Beyond LLMs and Panpsychism

It was 1895 when Willem Einthoven, a Dutch doctor, made a discovery that would charge cardiology for the next century. Fiddling with wires and voltages, he traced the electric currents flowing through a beating heart. This became the (ECG), a device that visualizes the heart’s inner workings. first practical electrocardiogram For decades, ECG technology remained much the same, with leads patching onto the skin to record the heart’s electrical impulses. But human perception has limits. Now, AI is taking medical analysis to profound new levels, unlocking lifesaving discoveries in terabytes of data. For example, were used in a Nature research article to train deep neural networks to classify arrhythmias more accurately than cardiology specialists. 2,322,513 ECG records Let’s rewind for a moment. Heart disease has become the cause of death globally, causing around 51,000 deaths a day. Visualizing this data is striking. leading Many show no prior symptoms, the first sign being their last. But what if we could detect threats early and prevent these deaths? This is the promise of firms like and , medical companies harnessing AI to transform the humble ECG into a cutting-edge screening tool. HeartScience’s flagship product, MyoVista Wavelet ECG, incorporates sophisticated machine learning to uncover hidden heart problems. And a new partnership with Mount Sinai Hospital — home to pioneering AI research — could be the catalyst that saves lives worldwide. HeartSciences Anumana Deep Neural Networks to Save Hearts The standard 12-lead ECG has served cardiologists well, visualizing electrical signals as squiggly lines on graph paper. But it has limitations. The test often misses two major disease categories — ischemia (clogged blood vessels) and structural issues like weakened heart muscles. This is where MyoVista steps in. Its spotlight subtle ECG patterns missed by the human eye, acting as an early warning system. AI algorithms One model uses a set of 51 ECH features, 26 of which come from Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) frequency features—the remaining come from traditional ECG parameters, along with clinical data like age and medical history. This data makes it possible to train a DNN (deep neural network), boasting areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging between 0.80 and 0.87. In other words–these neural networks can accurately predict MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events). These models have been trained and validated on patient data from institutions like the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and West Virginia University. Such machine learning techniques are transforming medical imaging and diagnosis across specialties. But cardiology is particularly ripe for disruption as heart disease causes ever more deaths globally. MyoVista promises a quick, non-invasive test to uncover threats in routine doctor visits. And this early detection can make all the difference. Algorithms Making Their Way Into Hospitals ECG electrodes have become ubiquitous, deployed far beyond cardiology units. General practitioners, ER doctors, and specialists of all stripes snap ECG leads onto patients. But most lack specialized expertise to maximize this tool and miss subtle signs of cardiac dysfunction. MyoVista fills in these analytical gaps with AI acting as a digital cardiologist that spots what human doctors cannot. In one validation study, MyoVista achieved 94% accuracy in prediction of LV diastolic dysfunction, as referenced in a recent . But the algorithms powering MyoVista require hefty data resources to develop — far beyond most companies’ capacity. This is where HeartSciences’ recent partnership with New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital proves game-changing. report The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has emerged as a global leader in AI-driven cardiology research. Their elite has cultivated databases of curated heart patient records — an unparalleled asset. Now, HeartSciences has to this goldmine, including 13 Mount Sinai algorithms spanning major cardiac diseases. This agreement catalyzes their ambitions to transform ECG screening worldwide. data science team licensed exclusive access Like most AI software penetrating healthcare, HeartSciences needs to run a gauntlet of quality checks before commercializing MyoVista. Previously, novel digital diagnostic tools like theirs required lengthy De Novo FDA applications before clearance. But there’s a faster 510(k) pathway for HeartSciences’ model. This simplified process means that HeartSciences’ algorithms could soon be in your local hospital. Additionally, HeartSciences has proactively engaged the FDA multiple times to optimize MyoVista for compliance. They also recently completed patient enrollment for their pivotal validation study spanning five US research sites and over 600 subjects. This data will demonstrate MyoVista’s capabilities on a wide demographic, paving the way for approval. The Road Ahead Heart disease deaths continue rising yearly, hastened by modern lifestyles and aging populations. Better prevention through earlier detection has become imperative. HeartSciences leads a growing field of companies centered on this mission — leveraging AI’s pattern recognition to uncover what standard tests miss. The ECG is now well over a century old. But it has now outgrown the bulky monitors and needle graphs conceived by its Dutch inventor. AI is writing the next era of cardiac diagnostics with software smarts. In the right hands, this old tool may gain new power to prevent the #1 killer from claiming lives too soon.

AI-Powered Healthcare Could Save Your Life

Cardiovascular diseases are a significant problem worldwide, with millions dying annually due to these ailments. While technology has improved detection, researchers are taking the next step by employing artificial intelligence (AI) to help patients with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and other conditions. Can AI detect cardiovascular disease? Here’s how AI will affect the future of cardiovascular healthcare. Can AI Detect Cardiovascular Disease? The medical field has rapidly adopted AI to improve healthcare outcomes, with hospitals finding ways to integrate it into daily operations. Here are four recent innovations helping researchers equip this advanced technology and identify heart disease. Analyzing Genes In early 2023, researchers from Rutgers University discussing genetic analysis and how AI and machine learning (ML) can identify cardiovascular disease. The Rutgers Institute for Health used AI to examine healthy people and those with heart disease and was able to link genes to cardiovascular issues. published a study Researchers found correlations with age and gender and concluded the risk of cardiovascular disease increases with age. The Rutgers study trained its model to detect patients at high risk for heart issues. It was able to predict the association with heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other risks based on demographics. Studying Cells Putting cells under the microscope is another effective way to identify cardiovascular disease using AI. Researchers at the University of East London have wielded AI to and determine who is more at risk. The scientists isolated miniature stem cell hearts and placed them in a petri dish. As they age, the trained model can predict which sets are more at risk and will become faulty. study cells with heart disease While tiny, the stem cells function like a living human heart with a consistent heartbeat. They have heart disease, allowing the East London researchers to train its AI as a diagnostic tool. With this information, the university’s researchers are using AI to understand its connection with aging and improve treatment for those with the disease. Prashant Ruchaya, a senior lecturer at the University of East London, has spearheaded the research and says the technology is crucial for the future of heart disease mitigation. “Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and aging is a significant risk factor for its development,” Ruchaya said. “Our research aims to comprehensively explore how aging influences the mechanisms underlying heart diseases, ultimately leading to innovative approaches in mitigating the impact of cardiovascular conditions on older populations. “We are working on cutting-edge research here in developing new disease models and developing AI to predict disease earlier and to develop new treatments to treat heart disease.” Examining MRIs Another AI innovation in the United Kingdom comes from St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, where experts have advanced technology to find heart disease more rapidly. The researchers say they can using AI during its pilot, leading to more hospitals using the technology. The National Health Service (NHS) says it will spread the AI-assisted detector to various facilities across its system. detect heart disease in 20 seconds In this instance, the AI examines the MRI in real time, shortening the time necessary for analysis. The NHS says cardiologists need at least 13 minutes to check the MRI scans, so reducing the wait to 20 seconds would drastically reduce this gap and help healthcare providers. Other benefits of this AI system include waiting about 33% less time for results and reducing misclassifications, thus improving treatments. Inspecting Heart Dimensions Healthcare experts also use AI to detect cardiovascular diseases based on the heart’s dimensions. Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center for detecting diseases — hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis — you might overlook when examining the heart. Can AI detect a cardiovascular disease that’s difficult to find? have developed an AI tool The researchers trained the AI based on 34,000 ultrasound videos to distinguish various sections of the heart. Identifying the thickness of a heart’s walls and the size of its chambers helps the AI know when abnormalities occur. With this information, healthcare providers will better understand which patients are more at risk for cardiovascular diseases — especially underdiagnosed conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis. Implications of Using AI Detection for Heart Disease Cardiologists have opportunities for improved diagnoses and treatments as AI usage increases in healthcare. Here are some of the implications of using AI for detecting cardiovascular diseases. Early Treatment As Ruchaya said, heart disease is the leading cause of death, with the World Health Organization estimating worldwide. Heart attacks and strokes are responsible for more than 80% of deaths, and about one-third occur in people under 70 years old. Early detection of heart disease is crucial, and healthcare providers can achieve diagnoses quicker with AI. nearly 18 million annual deaths AI tools use algorithms with vast amounts of data stored inside their systems. When directed, the AI can reference this historical information to examine a patient’s heart and determine their disease risk. While cardiologists have extensive knowledge, AI and ML can be helpful companions for healthcare professionals in detecting cardiovascular diseases at early stages and increasing accuracy. Increasing Efficiency One goal for using AI is to achieve quicker diagnoses, and researchers also want to improve the accuracy to enhance treatment. Healthcare experts have begun wielding AI to increase precision when examining patients’ hearts and have seen positive results. For example, Mayo Clinic has an AI-assisted screening tool to detect heart problems without apparent symptoms. This system when finding people at risk with these conditions, improving upon other technologies at the clinic. The medical center says it has also integrated AI with Apple Watch to detect when the user has a weak heart pump. has a 93% accuracy rate Personalizing the Treatment Delivering personalized treatment for patients with cardiovascular issues is essential for care, and AI can build upon this to help cardiologists. AI-assisted technology boosts healthcare providers’ assessment of their patients by analyzing vast amounts of data and painting a comprehensive picture of their needs. With more targeted information, they can understand the nuances of their patients’ conditions and more accurately predict future outcomes. Saving Money Using AI for heart disease detection also means saving money in healthcare costs. Achieving early diagnoses means delivering effective treatments and other mitigation tactics to make the disease more manageable throughout your life. Thus, you’ll save money with fewer complications and hospital visits. This advanced technology also presents opportunities for hospitals to save money by allocating more resources to individuals at high risk for other diseases. Experts anticipate AI to be a significant cost-saving mechanism for healthcare, with an Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare study for America’s medical costs. expecting $150 billion in annual savings Research has already demonstrated AI’s potential to save money in healthcare by reducing the time necessary for cardiologists and their patients. For instance, the AI tool examining MRI scans reduces wait times by about 33% compared to previous technologies and drastically cuts the wait for doctors to check them. The Challenges of AI in Heart Disease Detection While AI has revolutionized healthcare in recent years, it presents challenges for the field that providers must deal with for adequate care. Here are some concerns you may see experts raise with AI and heart disease detection: One criticism of AI is its biases, considering where it sources data. The information may derive from outdated sources built on criticized research, making you question its legitimacy. AI developers must ensure the tools use the best information possible. Biases: While accuracy may increase with AI, there is room for improvement. These tools may accidentally provide false positives or negatives, so healthcare providers must be vigilant and scrutinize the AI’s findings. Accuracy: AI relies on large sets of sensitive medical information, making data privacy a concern for healthcare facilities. Cybercriminals often target hospitals for ransomware attacks due to security vulnerabilities and the amount of information stored in their systems. Privacy: AI Can Detect Cardiovascular Disease Accurately The future of healthcare will depend on AI as researchers develop new tools to assist providers. Some of these technologies have already demonstrated their abilities when studying heart conditions. The past few years have given you a glimpse of AI’s extraordinary potential in healthcare, and the future is bright. While more research is necessary, you’ll see cardiologists and other healthcare providers use AI to deliver more personalized care for you. Lead image by the National Cancer Institute on Unsplash

AI May Help Detect Signs of Heart Disease at an Earlier Stage

Hi All! Here is my weekly wrap-up email. If you love this content (please share it), but also… Check out my and connect with me on / . , Podcast YouTube Twitter If you love this kind of content, please subscribe to my or newsletter. weekly daily What’s in today’s newsletter? Locus of Control Idea: 10 Seconds Question: Your Story Quote: Podcast: Chad Braverman - President & Chief Operating Officer at Doc Johnson Marisol Nichols - Anti-Trafficking Activist & Actress Dr. Mark Goulston - Dying Expert, International Keynote Speaker & Author Will Ahmed - Founder and CEO of WHOOP Michael Loeb - President and CEO of Loeb NYC Latticework Thinking, The Law of Triviality & Paralysis Triggers Habits That Break You Article: Idea: Locus of Control Quick quiz: if you miss a promotion, who do you blame? The boss who didn't pick you? The system that holds people back? Bad luck or lousy timing? If you said yes to any of those, you likely lean external on the locus scale. And that orientation may secretly sabotage your success. There's a psychological concept known as locus of control. Some people view themselves as controlling life events — internal locus. Others see outside forces directing their destiny — external locus. Corporate culture and education breed external thinkers. We absorb ideas like... The company limits advancement. I'll never get ahead here. The economy tanks my savings no matter what I do. I lost my job because of ageism/sexism/racism/cronyism/nepotism. The system is rigged against people like me. An external locus is learned helplessness on steroids. It assumes you lack agency over your outcomes. The keys to the kingdom reside outside the castle walls. You cannot breach them. Meanwhile, internals interpret setbacks differently: I haven't demonstrated I'm promotion-worthy yet. I should diversify my investments more to hedge against risk. My skills aren't competitive anymore. Time to update them. The system may be biased, but I can still influence my own experience. See the difference? Internals believe they largely control what happens TO them, while externals see things happening AT them. This orientation predicts success and well-being. Internals end up healthier, wealthier, and more satisfied. They resist victim narratives, take responsibility for career growth, and persist despite obstacles. What others call luck they call the inevitable output of preparation meeting opportunity. Internals rise faster. They handle setbacks with resilience rather than resentment or resignation. Hungry to keep bettering their best. They own their destinations even when the journey depends partly on outside forces. They influence context through quality connections. Master timing and tribes. This lifeline forever pulls them forward, fate and fortune ultimately submitting to internal gravity. The external looks at the internal's progress with confusion. "How does she keep advancing despite the headwinds?" They don't recognize the mindset gap that keeps blowing doors open for one while barricading them for the other. So the internal lands the promotions. Lands the wealthy spouse. Lands more job offers and speaking gigs. Hits the targets the external calls impossible. The formula is simple: Internals bet on themselves. While externals wait for the world to give them a fair chance, internals get obsessed with self-growth. They level up skills, expand networks, and speak up when overlooked. In contrast, externals atrophy in bitterness and disbelief. Blame becomes the balm that temporarily soothes their powerlessness to control context. Occasionally, the internal orientation goes too far — the hubris of refusing to acknowledge any constraints beyond your control. But the sweet spot lives much closer to that extreme than the other. So if you catch yourself externalizing, course correct quickly. Trade in excuses for ownership. Set audacious goals immune to outside forces. Maybe the winds won't cooperate, but your mindset still controls the sails. Stop leaving your fate and fortune resting in foreign hands. Seize your locus and shift it internally. Orient yourself to play power, not the victim. You’ll be amazed at how quickly the game changes when you do. Question: 10 Seconds Will you let 10 seconds ruin your life? What if I trip walking up on stage? What if I mess up my words? What if they don't like what I have to say? We all have those voices in our heads filling us with doubt before we try something new. I call them the First Ten Seconds. They are the initial moments of discomfort, uncertainty, and fear we feel when facing a risk or challenge. And here is the key insight: Most people let those First Ten Seconds stop them from ever even trying. They talk themselves out of raising their hand for a promotion, starting a podcast, asking someone on a date, you name it. The First Ten Seconds lock them in place. But growth lives outside your comfort zone. It waits on the other side of those First Ten Seconds. So how do you push past the doubts and disbelief when you know something could significantly change your life if you just went for it? Here are three unconventional ideas: First, reframe what those First Ten Seconds mean. Recognize them as a sign you are headed in the right direction. Let those butterflies in your stomach be confirmation that whatever you are about to do matters. Next, don't think. Just start without overanalyzing. As Mark Twain once wrote, “You can't wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.” Stop reviewing worst-case scenarios and talking yourself out of it. Shut off your brain and start moving forward. Surprise yourself. Finally, fall in love with failure. Understand that failure is not really failing at all. It is learning, adjusting, and wisdom for whatever comes next. The most successful people fail more because they try more. So fall in love with failure, and you remove its power over you. The truth is those First Ten Seconds never totally go away. Even after years of public speaking, I still feel them. But now, I smile. I let them energize me rather than paralyze me. I hope these unconventional ideas help you push past your next First Ten Seconds to create the change and growth you have been putting off. Stop letting a few seconds of discomfort alter the trajectory of your life. The time is now. Quote: Your Story “There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you.” - Maya Angelou What vision, message, art, or creation lives inside you desperate to get out? What bold dream or unconventional idea fills your journal pages and therapy sessions and conversations with close friends? For too many people, the answer is still: I don’t know. The story they were born to share remains untold. Hidden away in the recesses of their imagination, lacking the oxygen to come alive. And this Great Resignation era proves even the best paycheck loses its shine when your work feels detached from self-expression. From purpose and meaning. We want to matter. To create an impact only our distinct talents and perspectives allow. But we hold ourselves back. Those First Ten Seconds of doubt barrage us again. What if no one cares what I have to say? What if they judge me? Laugh at me? Ignore me? And in avoiding those potential pains we create a greater one—the agony Maya Angelou described of bottling our genius, stifling our voices, and wasting our potential gifts because of fear. I know brilliant thinkers, mesmerizing storytellers, visionary leaders, gifted creators, and daring entrepreneurs who remain anonymous. They toil away at jobs misaligned with their innate talents. Hiding in bureaucracy. Craving environments where they can shine. It’s time to break from confining roles to lead and live as your fullest self at work. You have rare skills and ideas to offer if given the chance. The marketplace needs your distinct talents and innovative solutions right now. Treat your concepts as promising opportunities for growth. Test and develop the ones aligned with your passions. Then set them free to reach receptive audiences. Some initial business ideas may flop. Others are ignored by traditional executives. But ventures connected to your deeper interests will attract great partners. Bold thinkers drive progress by challenging the status quo. Take smart risks to set yourself apart rather than blindly conform. Today’s landscape allows you to directly distribute your work rather than ask gatekeepers for approval first. Seek customers excited about what you uniquely provide. Create the intrinsic reward of problem-solving and self-expression, not just extrinsic incentives. Awaken energized, with no regrets about holding yourself back. That’s how leaders evolve—by contributing fully as themselves, without compromise to fit outdated molds. The right opportunities want exactly what you bring. Go make your mark by being 100% you. Podcast: 1. Chad Braverman - President & Chief Operating Officer at Doc Johnson | | YouTube Spotify Apple Chad Braverman is a dynamic second-generation leader, steering the company with an innovative vision and robust business acumen. Taking the reins of a legacy initiated by his father, Ron Braverman, who transformed a small rubber goods firm into the esteemed Doc Johnson in 1976, Chad has been instrumental in elevating the family business to new heights. Since joining in 2004, equipped with a business degree from the University of Miami, he has masterfully blended traditional business strategies with modern creativity, significantly contributing to Doc Johnson's impressive $135.8 million revenue as of 2021. 2. Marisol Nichols - Anti-Trafficking Activist & Actress | | YouTube Spotify Apple Marisol Nichols is a renowned American actress known for her roles in TV series like "24" and "Riverdale." In addition to her acting career, Nichols is committed to philanthropy and activism. Inspired by her own life-changing experience of sexual assault at age eleven, she founded the non-profit "Foundation for a Slavery Free World" to combat sex trafficking. Actively involved with law enforcement, she collaborates with organizations like Operation Underground Railroad to address child exploitation. 3. Dr. Mark Goulston - Dying Expert, International Keynote Speaker & Author | | YouTube Spotify Apple Dr. Goulston has a unique background that combines psychiatry, neuroscience, and business. He was a professor of psychiatry at UCLA, where he taught and trained medical students and residents for over 25 years. He also served as a hostage negotiation trainer for the FBI, where he learned how to defuse high-stakes situations and influence people in crisis. He is the author of several best-selling books, including “Just Listen”, which has been translated into 28 languages and is widely regarded as the ultimate guide to effective communication. He is also the creator of Surgical Empathy, a breakthrough technique that he used to prevent hundreds of suicides during his psychiatric career. 4. Will Ahmed - Founder and CEO of WHOOP | | YouTube Spotify Apple Will Ahmed is the Founder and CEO of WHOOP, which has developed next-generation wearable technology for optimizing human performance and health. WHOOP has raised more than $400 million from investors and is currently valued at $3.6 billion, making it the most valuable standalone wearables company in the world. Will has recruited an active advisory board that consists of some of the world’s most notable cardiologists, technologists, marketers, and designers, and he is a member of the Board of Fellows of Harvard Medical School, where he provides counsel to the Dean and faculty on topics related to the strength and health of the institution. Will was named to the 2021 Sports Business Journal 40 Under 40 list as well as the 2020 Fortune 40 Under 40 Healthcare list and previously named to Forbes 30 Under 30 and Boston Business Journal’s 40 Under 40. 5. Michael Loeb - President and CEO of Loeb NYC | | YouTube Spotify Apple Michael Loeb is a serial entrepreneur and the founder and CEO of Loeb.nyc, a startup investment platform that pairs strategic and executional talent with passionate founders. Michael has a long and successful track record of building and scaling consumer marketing businesses, from magazines to online travel to pharmacy discounts. Michael started his career at Time, Inc., where he met his longtime business partner Rich Vogel. Together, they co-founded the Synapse Group, which revolutionized the magazine subscription industry with its patented Continuous Service Model. Synapse Group also incubated Priceline.com, one of the most successful online travel companies in the world. In 2006, Michael and Rich sold Synapse Group to Time Warner for over $500M. 6. Latticework Thinking, The Law of Triviality & Paralysis Triggers | | YouTube Spotify Apple In this Lessons episode, we delve into understanding everyday cognitive biases, self-imposed barriers, and the art of connecting knowledge. Article: Habits That Break You Decades of awkwardness compelled Alex Mathers (the author) to learn and understand what connects us to one another and what pushes us apart. People make judgments extremely quickly about the kind of person we are. This means there are subtle changes we all can make that impact how others see us. Here’s some of the items discussed. How do we navigate social interactions more effectively? What guides our smallest habits and behaviors? What do we invest our mental energy and attention in during conversations? How do we decide what communication patterns to change or get rid of? Read it here. 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What Is the Idea of Locus of Control? Changing Your Life and Story in 10 Seconds

AI has been slaying it in almost every sector. Healthcare is benefitting a lot from voice based . But this doesn’t mean we can trust them blindly. LLMs and ML Google DeepMind an AI program named AlphaMissense, which predicts the harm a missense mutation can do, when a single DNA letter is altered. The tool, which leverages data from 71 million single-letter mutations affecting human proteins, uses machine learning to “understand” the language of proteins, helping it score the risk level of genetic changes. created What AI is doing in synthetic biology is nothing short of revolutionary. Using AI, scientists are to create new unseen proteins like coding software. We can expect groundbreaking changes in not only medicine, but also in sectors like agriculture, energy, and climate. now programming cells Also, recently, researchers from Edith Cowan University software that quickly scans bone density scans to detect abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), which is a predictor of cardiovascular events and other health risks. The software processed images with 80% accuracy and could revolutionize early disease detection during routine clinical practice. developed In August, a ML model to identify autism spectrum disorder with 95% accuracy. While Stanford Medicine developed an algorithm that reviews images to determine a brain tumour’s aggressiveness, its genetic makeup, and effectiveness of surgery. “It’s sort of a decision support system for the physicians,” one researcher says. international researchers trained Also, Scientists at the Osaka Metropolitan University an AI model that accurately identifies cardiac functions and valvular heart diseases using chest radiographs. The research could supplement traditional echocardiography, improve diagnostic efficiency, and be especially useful in settings lacking specialized technicians. developed Startups in are also upping their game with AI. London-based Ultromics its AI to detect a heart condition that human eyes can often not detect. In July, physician-entrepreneurs at Israel’s started training AI to diagnose cardiac disease on a simple tablet, where the doctors don’t have to be heart experts. With a handheld scanner and tablet, non-cardiologists get a full diagnostic on 8 key heart readings. With its training data, the AI platform already has more experience than any living cardiologist, the physicians say. HealthTech trained Sheba Medical Center In September, , an Indian AI-powered grocery scoring and recommendation platform, tied up with, (Microbiome Research Pvt Ltd), a research platform in the field of gut microbiome and, , a diagnostics startup. With a shared commitment to preventive healthcare, the trio seeks to empower individuals with individualised in-depth diagnostics and convert that information into actionable real-time intelligence. Xume Microbiome.in TruDiagno This can help individuals to make informed choices based on the state of one’s gut microbiome and key diagnostic markers. Microbiome.in is the only private lab with an in-house Illumina and Nanopore (portable) Sequencer enabling unparalleled research on the role of gut microbiome, while TruDiagno adds advanced molecular diagnostic capabilities to the mix. Imagine the power of understanding our microbiome and diagnostic markers to drive actionable intelligence; where the answer is not giving up our favourite foods but simply making better choices based on what our gut and body are telling us Akshaye Jalan, Founder & CEO, Xume “We’re all unique, so how can a generic solution mired in restriction be the answer to good health? Imagine the power of understanding our microbiome and diagnostic markers to drive actionable intelligence; where the answer is not giving up our favourite foods but simply making better choices based on what our gut and body are telling us. This is the future of health and wellness and what our partnership with Microbiome.in and TruDiagno endeavours to do.” said Akshaye Jalan, Founder & CEO, Xume. In September, Oracle introduced voice-activated AI to hospitals, which will help doctors and clinicians to automate medical note-taking, order medications and view lab reviews while also more easily reviewing a patient’s medical record. This is not about going from 10 clicks to seven clicks or six clicks to five clicks. This is about completely eliminating clicks, where we can and where it makes sense. That is not a tomorrow or that’s years away. That is a tomorrow that’s here Mike Sicilia, executive vice president, industries at Oracle “We’ve completely rethought how long it takes somebody to get their job done using the system. I think that we are on the verge of completely eliminating ‘pajama time’ as a result. This is not about going from 10 clicks to seven clicks or six clicks to five clicks. This is about completely eliminating clicks, where we can and where it makes sense. That is not a tomorrow or that’s years away. That is a tomorrow that’s here,” Mike Sicilia, executive vice president, industries at Oracle told the audience at the . Oracle Health Conference But does this mean AI is your next doctor instead of a human? All the above instances are brilliant examples of AI helping humankind become better at healthcare, but they’re also being done under supervision of experts, who are human. The general online population has been turning to Dr. Google even before the Red Hot Chilli Peppers wrote . But there’s a new doctor in town, Dr. ChatGPT. , “the most recent version of ChatGPT made zero “grossly inaccurate” statements when presented with a standard set of eye complaints.” Californication According to NPR However, questions still remain about how to fit in LLMs into healthcare with similar safeguards that are applied when introducing new drugs or medical devices. This article was originally published by in Navanwita Bora Sachdev The Tech Panda.

Dr. ChatGPT vs. Dr. Google: An Assessment of AI Medical Advice

The world is rapidly evolving, driven by the incredible advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). AI has revolutionized various industries and professions, emphasizing the need for individuals to adapt to these changes to stay ahead of the curve. The integration of AI into our daily lives has opened up new avenues to help us enhance our skills and improve our overall effectiveness. We are excited to present the @ , a revolutionary Telegram Bot powered by , offering designed to cater to your diverse needs. Plasma_GPT_AI_Bot ChatGPT 4 and Midjourney 5 models 160 professional roles https://t.me/plasma_gpt_ai_bot?embedable=true Advantages of the Plasma AI bot over chatGPT 4: The official the number of requests (25 and 4000 tokens), but with the Plasma AI bot, you have as long as you have tokens in your balance. chatGPT 4 limits unlimited requests You can manage 10 AI models and the number of tokens (1000-8000) per request. Through the Plasma AI chat, you will always have access to the earliest updates of chatGPT 4 (5, 6 in the future), as our team is a . premium partner of OpenAI Token purchases are available with any bank card (without regional restrictions) and cryptocurrency. Access to of chatGPT 4 AI assistant. 160+ professional roles Image generation through all popular models, including exclusive in Telegram. Midjourney v5 Free bot usage in groups with 100 or more people. Referral program. The Importance of Prompt Design for Working with ChatGPT 4 Model To fully harness the capabilities of ChatGPT 4, it is essential to understand the importance of crafting suitable prompts. The quality of the questions you ask determines the relevance and usefulness of the answers you receive. By designing appropriate and thought-provoking prompts, you can effectively communicate your needs and ensure that the AI model provides valuable insights tailored to your specific requirements. play a crucial role in working with ChatGPT as they serve as the starting point for generating responses from the model. Properly formulating prompts can significantly affect the quality and usefulness of the responses received. Here are a few key aspects to consider when composing prompts: Prompts : To get an accurate and relevant answer, formulate questions or statements that are clear and specific. This will help the model focus on the desired information and generate a helpful answer. Clarity and specificity : Providing context for your question or statement can help the model better understand your request and provide a more accurate answer. If your question is related to a specific area of knowledge, be sure to include this information in your prompt. Context : In some cases, you may specify the expected format or length of the answer. This can help the model generate an answer that meets your requirements. For example, "list three reasons" or "describe in two sentences." Answer constraints : Avoid ambiguous questions or statements that can be interpreted differently. The model may not understand your point of view or intentions and generate a less accurate or relevant answer. Beware of ambiguity : Since the model may give incorrect or outdated answers, it is recommended always to verify the information obtained from reliable sources before using it. Verify information accuracy : If the initial model answer does not satisfy you, try rephrasing or clarifying your question. This can help the model better understand your request and provide a more suitable answer. Iterative refinement Professional Role Models in Plasma AI Bot The Plasma AI bot boasts an impressive array of , each representing a specific profession or expert task. These roles are based on custom prompts that have been carefully structured to provide accurate and relevant results. The professional roles span across various categories, such as business, development, personal life, medicine, and more. 160 professional roles Integrating these roles in the Plasma AI bot aims to help individuals and professionals amplify their effectiveness tenfold. Whether you need advice on business strategies, insights on personal growth, or expert medical opinions, the Plasma AI bot offers a wealth of knowledge at your fingertips. In developing our prompt models, we drew on the experience of public research in this field. As a result, we've collected optimal prompt models for each role-playing bot, allowing us to accurately maintain maximum expertise within the chosen category. Our prompts contain the following: · Sources of scientific information, articles, and books on the selected topic · References to key experts or well-known personalities in the field (scientists, speakers, businessmen, bloggers) · Terminology and important areas of knowledge · The model's communication style (free-flowing, dialogic, professional, expert, academic). List of 160+ role models in 9 categories of the Plasma AI bot As a result, the following role models were implemented in 9 categories: https://youtu.be/dfLIVXTltAQ?embedable=true 🧑 💻 - Your personal expert in every field of knowledge. Open up new horizons with the masters of their craft, who will become your reliable assistant and partner on the path to success. Conversations with our specialists are similar to professional conversations with experienced employees who are always ready to help. 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Our platform is the perfect companion for students and educational institutions. 😇 Teachers - English teacher, Mathematics teacher, Biology teacher, Chemistry teacher, Physics teacher, History teacher, Public administration teacher, Economics teacher, Spanish teacher, French teacher, German teacher, Physical education teacher, Art teacher, Music teacher, Career guidance teacher, Drama and theater teacher, Debate and public speaking teacher, Journalism teacher, Computer science teacher, Elementary school teacher, High school teacher, English as a second language teacher, Social studies teacher. 🧘 ♀ Your friendly psychologist and consultant for personal and family life. Discuss your problems and dreams with our AI, who will help you find harmony and happiness in your life. After all, the best way to solve a problem is to share it with someone who is always ready to listen and offer practical advice. Personal Life. Clinical psychologist, personal psychiatrist, consultant, social worker, family therapist, life coach, career consultant, addiction consultant, mental health consultant, art therapist, music therapist, dance movement therapist, play therapist, rehabilitation consultant. . A private medical institution right in your home. Meet highly qualified medical experts in various specialties, ready to provide you with consultations and recommendations. However, do not forget that AI cannot replace a visit to a real doctor, but only complements the process of taking care of your health. 🏥 Medicine - Private medical institution Therapist, pediatrician, cardiologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist, dermatologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, obstetrician-gynecologist, pulmonologist, rheumatologist, infectious disease specialist, urologist. - Get to know spiritual leaders from all faiths and discuss various aspects of religious teachings with them. This is the perfect place for enlightening discussions, exchanging ideas, and understanding the diversity of worldviews. Respect the opinions of others and discover new horizons. 🙏 Religions Jesus Christ (Christianity), Prophet Muhammad (Islam), Allah (Islam), Krishna (Hinduism), Rama (Hinduism), Buddha (Buddhism), Dalai Lama (Buddhism), Abraham (Judaism), Moses (Judaism), Guru Nanak (Sikhism), Lao Tzu (Taoism), Confucius (Confucianism); - Relax and enjoy pleasant conversations with our entertaining characters. From funny heroes to unusual interlocutors, they are here to give you a smile and distract you from everyday worries. Immerse yourself in a world of fantasy and fun with our exciting roles. 🤪 Fun Roles Friend, Virtual Girlfriend, Virtual Boyfriend, Quiz Master, Chef, Fashion Stylist, Ghost Hunter, Creator of Magic Potions, Interspecies Communication Translator, DIY Expert, Meditation Guide, Pet Consultant, Secret Agent, Astral Travel Guide, Dream Interpreter. Communication with each role is available in any language (English, Russian, etc.). Simply select a role and describe to the bot the task it should solve. Providing as detailed context as possible for the question or task is desirable. : The user can enable or disable the communication context. The bot will consider the correspondence's history when answering new questions if the context is enabled. Context management AI models are used in the bot for generating text and images. is more powerful than any gpt-3.5 model, capable of performing more complex tasks and optimized for chat. It will be updated with our latest model iteration and supports up to 8192 tokens. gpt-4 is a snapshot of gpt-4-32 taken on March 14th, 2023. Unlike gpt-4-32k, this model will not receive updates and will only be supported for three months ending on June 14th, 2023. It supports up to 32,768 tokens. gpt-4-32k-0314 is the most powerful GPT-3.5 model optimized for chat and costs 1/10th the price of text-davinci-003. It will be updated with our latest model iteration. gpt-3.5-turbo is a snapshot of gpt-3.5-turbo taken on March 1st, 2023. Unlike gpt-3.5-turbo, this model will not receive updates and will only be supported for three months ending on June 1st, 2023. gpt-3.5-turbo-0301 is the most powerful GPT-3 model, capable of performing any task that other models can do, often with higher quality, longer outputs, and better instruction following. text-davinci-003 is very capable, but faster than Davinci. text-curie-001 is capable of solving simple tasks and is very fast. text-babbage-001 can perform very simple tasks and is the fastest model in the GPT-3 series. text-ada-001 Models for code generation: The most powerful Codex model. Especially good at translating natural language into code. In addition to code completion, it also supports insertion of additions to the code. code-davinci-002: Almost as efficient as Davinci Codex, but a bit faster. This speed advantage can make it preferable for real-time applications. code-cushman-001: Models for generating AI images: Currently, the Plasma AI bot uses 8 of the most popular models for generating images, including access to the original version of the , which does not have officially open APIs. Try all the models and decide which ones best suit your daily tasks! top Midjourney v5 model Quality and speed of generation with our exclusive Midjourney v5 We plan to add AI for video and audio tasks. Write to us if you have any ideas on this, and we will implement them. Bot as a Community Manager for Telegram Groups You can use the Plasma GPT AI bot as a ❗ community manager in with 250 or more members. As an admin, add the bot and address it with /image or /text. The bot will entertain your community for free with various roles and images. As a bonus, as an admin, you will receive a from all your group members! free Telegram groups 10% referral Use cases: If you have a Python development group, you can connect the bot as a Senior Python Developer and address any questions to it = profit! Or for example, if you have a group of designers, you can have fun generating images on any topic together. Partner system in Plasma AI bot Each bot user has a referral link for inviting other participants or adding the bot to chats. You will receive 10% of all invited participants in USDT to your BEP20 crypto wallet once a month) ! 💸 Profit How to Start Using Plasma AI Bot in Telegram Messenger Getting started with the Plasma AI bot is simple and straightforward. Follow these easy steps to unleash the power of AI in your Telegram messenger: Download and install Messenger on your device if you haven't already. Telegram Search for the in the search bar within the app. @Plasma_GPT_AI_Bot Click on the bot and select "Start" to use the bot. Choose a professional role that best suits your needs and provide a relevant prompt. The Plasma AI bot will process your request and deliver tailored insights based on the chosen professional role. In conclusion, the Plasma AI Telegram Bot, powered by ChatGPT 4 and Midjourney 5, provides an unparalleled opportunity for individuals to access a wide range of professional expertise in a single, easy-to-use platform. By embracing this technology and learning to craft the right prompts, you can tap into a wealth of knowledge and elevate your skills across various domains. So why wait? Get started with the Plasma AI bot today and unlock your true potential.

Transform Your Life: How Plasma Telegram Bot and ChatGPT 4 Boost Professional & Personal Success 10x

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Get hold of a skull. Nutmeg. Observe the holes in the substance of the brain, where there are more or less of them. Describe the tongue of the woodpecker and jaw of a crocodile. Give measurement of the dead using his finger [as a unit]. Get your books on anatomy bound. Boots, stockings, comb, towel, shirts, shoelaces, penknife, pens, a skin for the chest, gloves, wrapping paper, charcoal. This , written perhaps before a journey da Vinci took to the medical school of the university of Pavia where he intended to dissect corpses. to-do list belonged to Leonardo da Vinci One of these items, “describe the tongue of a woodpecker”, is a narrative motif for Walter Isaacson’s formidable book, , to describe da Vinci’s endless curiosity and passion for wonder. Leonardo da Vinci Isaacson’s biography of da Vinci is based on the surviving thousands of notebook pages written by the famous painter. Anatomical drawings, architectural concepts, shopping items, these lists are full of beautiful examples: sketch Milan, observe the goose’s foot (to study its movement), inflate the lungs of a pig to watch how they increase (both in width and length or only in width). How often do we pause to think about a woodpecker’s tongue or a goose’s foot? Or, if we were an artist and wanted to understand how facial muscles work to paint a certain smile, would we dissect corpses with our own hands to check if the muscles that move the lips are the same that can raise the nostrils of the nose? Because for da Vinci, there was never a clear and straight line between his ongoing projects. He could be studying engineering, switching to geology, intertwining with water flow, the rise of smoke, or describing human dental elements. For a project, da Vinci would sketch ideas about protecting ports such as Venice by equipping underwater defenders with diving suits, breathing gear, masks, goggles, and wineskin airbags ( ). For another project, he would deliver unusual weapons to one of his employers, Cesare Borgia: that looked like satellite maps. This type of weapon is now critical in today’s warfare. In the words of Machiavelli, the famous diplomat also in Borgia’s pay, soldiers delivered lightning strikes based on da Vinci’s maps, and Borgia would be able scuba diving gear accurate and detailed maps to install himself in someone else’s house before anyone else noticed it. Walter Isaacson – Leonardo da Vinci Da Vinci also took an interest in perpetual motion. In his notebooks, he wrote, , which is Isaac Newton’s Third Law of Motion. Newton was born 200 years after da Vinci. “for every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction” Ever the polymath, da Vinci explored the realms of cardiology through his dissections. Leonardo’s greatest discovery in all of his anatomical works was his discovery of the way the aortic valve works, a triumph that was confirmed only in modern times. It took 450 years for anatomists to realize that Leonardo[‘s work on aortic valves] was correct. This was confirmed at Oxford in the 1960s. Walter Isaacson – Leonardo da Vinci Many of Leonardo’s conclusions, such as the description of how the arterial valves close and open – letting blood flow around the heart – holds true today, but is not widely known. “Even cardiologists get this wrong now,” Mr Wells says. Only with the use of MRI technology has knowledge of this subject been revisited. A BBC article, What Leonardo taught us about the heart However, having such a wide array of broad interests meant da Vinci often switched focus during a project, which led to unfinished or overdue work. For example, Pope Leo X commissioned a picture from da Vinci and learnt that the painter started the project by experimenting with formulas for the varnish to coat the painting. Exasperated, the pope famously declared, “Alas, this man will never get anything done, for he is thinking about the end before he begins.” A famous example of an unfinished project is da Vinci’s task to create the largest equestrian statue in the world. He approached this assignment from various vantage points: he dissected horses to write a treatise on horse anatomy, designed cleaner stables or invented new systems for feeding horses. After twelve years of disparate efforts, the statue’s construction was halted as the seventy tonnes of bronze that were supposed to cast the monument were requisitioned for defending cannons. Centuries later, worldwide based on da Vinci’s sketches. different sculptures were built Had he been a student at the outset of the twenty-first first century, he [da Vinci] may have been put on a pharmaceutical regimen to alleviate his mood swings and attention-deficit disorder. Walter Isaacson – Leonardo da Vinci The Notebooks Da Vinci had an immense willingness to question. When he wanted to understand something, be it the shape of a woodpecker’s tongue or perpetual motion, da Vinci would observe its object of interest extremely carefully, jot down his ideas in notebooks and figure out a solution. As talking to a friend, da Vinci wrote in his notebooks: If you wish to have a sound knowledge of the forms of objects, begin with the details of them, and do not go on to the second step until you have the first well fixed in memory. Da Vinci’s notebooks are a testament to his obsessive curiosity. The art historian Kenneth Clark called da Vinci “the most relentlessly curious man in history, and the philosopher Karl Jaspers called da Vinci’s varied interests . “superhuman effort to specialize in everything” The artist never published his notes, and only about 7000 surviving fragmentary pages were found. These represent only a quarter to a fifth, , of da Vinci’s total writing output. perhaps even less No wonder da Vinci acknowledged the Herculean task of categorizing, editing, transcribing, and publishing his notes. This will be a collection without order, made up of many sheets which I have copied here, hoping afterwards to arrange them in order in their proper places according to the subjects of which they treat. Codex Arundel, where da Vinci transcribed some of his earlier notes Maybe da Vinci wanted to keep some of his notes unpublished. Why is it that I do not describe my method for remaining underwater and how long I can remain there without coming up for air? I do not wish to publish this because of the evil nature of men, who might use it for murder on the sea bed. to keep his plans about scuba diving gear secret da Vinci’s reasoning What we do know is the enormous loss of unpublished scientific discoveries that da Vinci produced centuries ahead of his time. Imagine the leap in science if the scientific community acknowledged Newton’s laws of motion as da Vinci’s laws of motion. Imagine that Newton would have started with two centuries of research on these hypothetical da Vinci’s laws of motion. Or the countless preventable deaths caused by cardiac issues for the last 450 years that passed until da Vinci’s cardiovascular sketches were proven correctly. With hindsight they [da Vinci’s cardiovascular sketches] may have had the potential to revolutionise surgery. In the 16th century, for example, there was no treatment for cardiac disease, or many other diseases, and surgeons occupied a low status in society. If people survived surgery, it was more by luck than judgement. Heart surgery has of course transformed in the past century, but Leonardo’s insights could have made a huge difference if they had been made public earlier. A BBC article, What Leonardo taught us about the heart So we can see how , cardiologist, medical historian and writer on the anatomical drawings of da Vinci, sharply commented that da Vinci had “ “, but as the remaining notes weren’t published and are nowadays part of private collections, “Leonardo’s whole activity in art and science may well be considered as ” Kenneth Keele a unique artistic and scientific mind the epitome of greatness in failure. Mona Lisa Image Credit: Wikipedia In 1503, da Vinci started to paint the portrait of a silk merchant’s wife named Lisa, and he continued his work by adding thin layers and tiny strokes of paint until he died in 1517. This painting would become da Vinci’s masterpiece, known as Mona Lisa. By introducing the sfumato technique (etymologically derived from the Italian word for “smoke”) with its hazy outlines, da Vinci blurred the sharp boundaries of straight lines traditionally used to depict three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface. Your shadows and lights should be blended without lines or borders in the manner of smoke losing itself in the air. Mona Lisa is the triumph of da Vinci’s labour on painting techniques (undercoat, pigments, sfumato, etc.), anatomy (by performing , he made notes on the work of facial muscles – as many muscles as there are positions of the lips and many more that serve to undo these positions.”) and optics. Da Vinci is credited with , where we direct our visual focus. He distinguished between foveal vision (central vision for noticing details) and peripheral vision (adapted for broad scenes and large objects). up to 30 human dissections “One will always find discovering the line-of-sight If we were told, “keep your eye on the ball”, we would use foveal vision to absorb the most detailed image of the ball and ignore the peripheral vision. Returning to Mona Lisa, focus on her lips intently, and she doesn’t appear to be smiling (foveal vision). But, switch to peripheral vision by looking away from her lips, and she smiles. Thus, Isaacson calls da Vinci . “a pioneer of virtual reality” Video Credit: The Atlantic Regarding Mona Lisa’s lack of eyebrows, there are . One theory that seems to be more plausible is that, regrettably, the eyebrows were perhaps accidentally removed during the restorations of the portrait. a few theories There is , painted in da Vinci’s workshop of Leonardo at the same time as the Louvre version, and nowadays part of the permanent collection of Museo del Prado in Madrid. After a thorough restoration in 2012, the Prado Mona Lisa gives us a glimpse of how the original Mona Lisa painting would have looked centuries ago. a surviving copy of Mona Lisa Prado Mona Lisa Before Restauration Image Credit: Wikipedia Prado Mona Lisa After Restauration Image Credit: Wikipedia Most of us would know da Vinci as the painter of the Mona Lisa. But he was a Renaissance artist-scientist through and through, interested in ideal proportions ( ), designing engineering feats, creating sets for theatrical plays or festivals (and to inspire wonder and awe in the participants, he also sketched and , which NASA would later use as an inspiration for designing ), developing painting techniques, creating new methods for the visual display of information ( like , ), becoming a and pioneer, designing , , and who knows what else his lost or undiscovered notes might hold. the Vitruvian Man the world’s first self-propelled vehicle robotic knights its robots anatomical sketches this one detailed maps dentistry chemical embalming parachutes helicopters armoured tanks He did that with almost no formal schooling in Latin or Greek. Da Vinci would call himself or an illiterate man, and he would try to do exercises in Latin grammar even later in his life. Maybe this lack of schooling was a blessing in disguise because he was not troubled by challenging dogmatic scientific principles. omo sanza lettere The function of the human eye, … was described by a large number of authors in a certain way. But I found it to be completely different. da Vinci in one of his notebooks However, da Vinci pursued too many interests and, as a result, he abandoned projects, most notably the paintings of , , or . And he never got to publish his notes, which potentially contributed to some anguish thoughts in his later years: Adoration of the Magi the Battle of Anghiari Saint Jerome in the Wilderness Tell me if anything was ever done . . . Tell me . . . Tell me. There is no perfect gift without great suffering. Our glories and our triumphs pass away. Why is the sky blue? How does the dragonfly move its wings? Describe the tongue of a woodpecker (it acts as ). To paint portraits, was it necessary to dissect cadavers to see how facial muscles work? Absolutely not, but that made da Vinci be da Vinci. a cushion against concussions And perhaps the most excellent message we can take from da Vinci’s life is maintaining a child-like wonder sense and noticing the unseen as we were to check Mona Lisa’s smile (close and afar). His genius was of the type we can understand, even take lessons from. It was based on skills we can aspire to improve in ourselves, such as curiosity and intense observation. He had an imagination so excitable that it flirted with the edges of fantasy, which is also something we can try to preserve in ourselves and indulge in our children. Walter Isaacson – Leonardo da Vinci Previously published at https://www.roxanamurariu.com/leonardo-da-vinci-between-the-tongue-of-the-woodpecker-and-mona-lisa/

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