BRIDGR.io

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High entry barriers, complex transaction processes, and geographical boundaries have historically constrained the real estate and fine art markets. These difficulties though aren't slowing down the management of traditional assets—especially on the blockchain. According to a report by Standard Chartered, tokenized Real-World Assets (RWAs) will reach $30 trillion by 2034. This significant potential growth points to the untapped potential of real-world assets. Tokenization through the blockchain is revolutionizing how traditional assets are managed today. It is transforming global trade by improving accessibility and liquidity. Blockchain technology is shaking up traditional asset management by improving transparency and immutability, increasing efficiency, enhancing security, and providing global accessibility. There is less intermediary involvement in tokenized assets, unlike what is obtainable with traditional asset management. Eliminating middlemen makes the process more transparent (reducing fraud and increasing trust) and less complex. In this article, we will explore how traditional assets are being bridged to the digital space using tokenization. Real-World Assets Tokenization Real-world asset tokenization is the process of issuing digital tokens based on the blockchain to physical or traditional assets like gold, real estate, machinery, etc. Essentially, the tokenization of these assets involves creating tokens that are typically issued as smart contracts on blockchain networks like Ethereum, Solana, Polygon, etc. Every token issued represents a fractional ownership of the underlying asset, and this is backed by a legal framework ensuring the connection between the token and the physical asset. A wide variety of assets can be tokenized, they include: Financial Instruments like stocks, bonds, and other structured products
Real Estate like commercial and residential properties
Commodities like gold, silver, oil, etc.
Assets like arts and collectibles RWA Tokenization and the Opportunities in the Market We are at a transformative phase in the financial markets with RWA tokenization. This use case of blockchain technology has seen renowned financial institutions and fintech innovators actively developing and partnering with tokenization platforms. According to forecasts, it is predicted that 7-9% of investors’ portfolios will be allocated to tokenized assets by 2027 and the industry is on course to reach that. A pointer to this is the market experiencing traction in securities tokenization, with major players like BlackRock, Goldman Sachs, Franklin Templeton, and JPMorgan launching dedicated tokenization initiatives. $10 trillion BlackRock for instance recently partnered with Securitize to provide better access to traditional financial products via digitization. BlackRock’s tokenized fund BUIDL, is leading the tokenized Treasury category with a market cap of $541 million. Franklin Templeton’s tokenized Treasury FOBXX is the third-largest with a market capitalization of $410 million. The Total Value Locked (TVL) in the RWA sector at the time of writing is $6.4 billion. This represents the industry's economic value and its universal acceptance. As institutional-standard infrastructure continues to mature for trading, custody, and other products and services, private market assets like real estate and private equity have emerged as early adoption leaders. Some key drivers of this adoption include the demand for access to premium investment opportunities without intermediaries, the push for more liquidity in otherwise traditionally illiquid assets, and major cost reductions in asset management and transactions. The sector however faces significant challenges still, some of which include the complexity of integrating traditional financial products with blockchain infrastructure and regulatory uncertainty. Other challenges include education and institutional adoption curves, and technicalities around interoperability, scalability, and security. With regulations, it varies across jurisdictions. Certain regions are emerging as clear leaders in providing regulatory frameworks for tokenized assets. Countries like Switzerland and Singapore have established progressive environments that support the tokenization of RWAs while protecting investors and their investments. Pioneers at the Forefront of RWA Tokenization Enter RWA Inc. and Others The RWA sector is gaining momentum thanks to the work of projects in the space. RWA Inc. is one such key player and pioneering platform leading the charge in the RWA tokenization sector and redefining how we interact with RWAs on the blockchain. This is the first comprehensive RWA ecosystem offering end-to-end RWA tokenization through a cutting-edge multi-asset platform that includes tokenization-as-a-service, a launchpad, and a marketplace. RWA Inc. isn't only digitizing assets, it's also unlocking an entirely new standard for asset ownership, trading, and management. The multi-asset platform seamlessly integrates a launchpad and a marketplace, while offering tokenization as a service, bridging the gap between traditional finance and a digital future on the blockchain. Operating in a potential $30 trillion market, RWA Inc. is well-positioned to be a dominant force in the RWA sector as it leverages unmatched regulatory compliance (already established 6 regulated trading licenses in the UAE) and transformative asset accessibility. The licenses RWA Inc. holds positions it as the premier onramp for traditional investment firms, banks, and hedge fund managers. $RWA is the native utility token that fuels the RWA Inc. ecosystem. Other projects at the forefront of RWA tokenization include: Propy: A decentralized real estate protocol that leverages blockchain technology to facilitate real estate transactions. YieldBricks: a company that provides seamless DeFi pools for tokenizing yield via real estate assets. EstateX: A blockchain-based company that democratizes access to real estate investments with increased liquidity, lower investment minimums, and portfolio diversification. Metamovers: An innovative blockchain platform engineered to transform the secondary market for real-world assets, specifically focusing on real estate. Future of RWA Tokenization Speaking on tokenization and the RWA industry, David Henderson, the Head of Marketing at Backed Finance, a significant player in the tokenization of government securities, said, “The tokenization revolution is in full swing. Financial institutions are embracing this technology, recognizing its potential to reshape the global financial landscape. The distinction between ‘real-world’ and digital assets will blur as blockchains become the settlement layer for all financial transactions, democratizing access to markets worldwide. The future of finance is borderless and inclusive.” RWA tokenization is at a focal intersection between traditional finance and blockchain innovation. Integrations between tokenized RWAs and DeFi protocols are creating new avenues for yield generation and lending markets. The development of institutional-standard infrastructures also increases adoption by major traditional financial players. As the technology continues to mature, we will see the emergence of sophisticated systems that combine blockchain's efficiency with the mechanisms of the conventional financial market. The tokenization of real-world assets is homogenizing access to asset classes that were previously exclusive, reducing market friction, and automating compliance processes. These are potentially profound impacts on traditional finance. The success of these alterations, however, depends largely on continued technology advancements, regulatory clarity, and institutional adoption. Conclusion One of the most significant innovations in modern finance in recent times is the tokenization of RWAs. They play a major role in bridging the gap between traditional assets and blockchain financial infrastructure. Even though the technology and market frameworks are still evolving, the foundations for massive transformations are being laid by projects like RWA Inc. They are changing how we view asset ownership and trading. The convergence of technological advancement, increase in institutional interest, and proper regulatory development corroborate that RWA tokenization is a rudimentary shift in the financial markets. And they are set to play a major part in this bull run. So, as an investor or an institution, this is the best time to develop strategic approaches to RWA tokenization. High entry barriers, complex transaction processes, and geographical boundaries have historically constrained the real estate and fine art markets. These difficulties though aren't slowing down the management of traditional assets—especially on the blockchain. According to a report by Standard Chartered, tokenized Real-World Assets (RWAs) will reach $30 trillion by 2034. High entry barriers, complex transaction processes, and geographical boundaries have historically constrained the real estate and fine art markets. These difficulties though aren't slowing down the management of traditional assets—especially on the blockchain. According to a report by Standard Chartered, tokenized Real-World Assets (RWAs) will reach $30 trillion by 2034. report report This significant potential growth points to the untapped potential of real-world assets. Tokenization through the blockchain is revolutionizing how traditional assets are managed today. It is transforming global trade by improving accessibility and liquidity. This significant potential growth points to the untapped potential of real-world assets. Tokenization through the blockchain is revolutionizing how traditional assets are managed today. It is transforming global trade by improving accessibility and liquidity. Blockchain technology is shaking up traditional asset management by improving transparency and immutability, increasing efficiency, enhancing security, and providing global accessibility. There is less intermediary involvement in tokenized assets, unlike what is obtainable with traditional asset management. Eliminating middlemen makes the process more transparent (reducing fraud and increasing trust) and less complex. In this article, we will explore how traditional assets are being bridged to the digital space using tokenization. Real-World Assets Tokenization Real-World Assets Tokenization Real-world asset tokenization is the process of issuing digital tokens based on the blockchain to physical or traditional assets like gold, real estate, machinery, etc. Essentially, the tokenization of these assets involves creating tokens that are typically issued as smart contracts on blockchain networks like Ethereum, Solana, Polygon, etc. Every token issued represents a fractional ownership of the underlying asset, and this is backed by a legal framework ensuring the connection between the token and the physical asset. A wide variety of assets can be tokenized, they include: Financial Instruments like stocks, bonds, and other structured products Real Estate like commercial and residential properties Commodities like gold, silver, oil, etc. Assets like arts and collectibles Financial Instruments like stocks, bonds, and other structured products Real Estate like commercial and residential properties Commodities like gold, silver, oil, etc. Assets like arts and collectibles RWA Tokenization and the Opportunities in the Market RWA Tokenization and the Opportunities in the Market We are at a transformative phase in the financial markets with RWA tokenization. This use case of blockchain technology has seen renowned financial institutions and fintech innovators actively developing and partnering with tokenization platforms. According to forecasts, it is predicted that 7-9% of investors’ portfolios will be allocated to tokenized assets by 2027 and the industry is on course to reach that. allocated allocated A pointer to this is the market experiencing traction in securities tokenization, with major players like BlackRock, Goldman Sachs, Franklin Templeton, and JPMorgan launching dedicated tokenization initiatives. $10 trillion BlackRock for instance recently partnered with Securitize to provide better access to traditional financial products via digitization. BlackRock’s tokenized fund BUIDL, is leading the tokenized Treasury category with a market cap of $541 million . Franklin Templeton’s tokenized Treasury FOBXX is the third-largest with a market capitalization of $410 million . $541 million $541 million $410 million $410 million The Total Value Locked (TVL) in the RWA sector at the time of writing is $6.4 billion . This represents the industry's economic value and its universal acceptance. As institutional-standard infrastructure continues to mature for trading, custody, and other products and services, private market assets like real estate and private equity have emerged as early adoption leaders. $6.4 billion $6.4 billion Some key drivers of this adoption include the demand for access to premium investment opportunities without intermediaries, the push for more liquidity in otherwise traditionally illiquid assets, and major cost reductions in asset management and transactions. The sector however faces significant challenges still, some of which include the complexity of integrating traditional financial products with blockchain infrastructure and regulatory uncertainty. Other challenges include education and institutional adoption curves, and technicalities around interoperability, scalability, and security. With regulations, it varies across jurisdictions. Certain regions are emerging as clear leaders in providing regulatory frameworks for tokenized assets. Countries like Switzerland and Singapore have established progressive environments that support the tokenization of RWAs while protecting investors and their investments. Switzerland and Singapore Switzerland and Singapore Pioneers at the Forefront of RWA Tokenization Enter RWA Inc. and Others Pioneers at the Forefront of RWA Tokenization Enter RWA Inc. and Others The RWA sector is gaining momentum thanks to the work of projects in the space. RWA Inc. is one such key player and pioneering platform leading the charge in the RWA tokenization sector and redefining how we interact with RWAs on the blockchain. This is the first comprehensive RWA ecosystem offering end-to-end RWA tokenization through a cutting-edge multi-asset platform that includes tokenization-as-a-service, a launchpad, and a marketplace. RWA Inc. isn't only digitizing assets, it's also unlocking an entirely new standard for asset ownership, trading, and management. The multi-asset platform seamlessly integrates a launchpad and a marketplace, while offering tokenization as a service, bridging the gap between traditional finance and a digital future on the blockchain. Operating in a potential $30 trillion market, RWA Inc. is well-positioned to be a dominant force in the RWA sector as it leverages unmatched regulatory compliance (already established 6 regulated trading licenses in the UAE) and transformative asset accessibility. The licenses RWA Inc. holds positions it as the premier onramp for traditional investment firms, banks, and hedge fund managers. $RWA is the native utility token that fuels the RWA Inc. ecosystem. Other projects at the forefront of RWA tokenization include: Propy: A decentralized real estate protocol that leverages blockchain technology to facilitate real estate transactions. Propy: YieldBricks: a company that provides seamless DeFi pools for tokenizing yield via real estate assets. YieldBricks: EstateX: A blockchain-based company that democratizes access to real estate investments with increased liquidity, lower investment minimums, and portfolio diversification. EstateX: Metamovers: An innovative blockchain platform engineered to transform the secondary market for real-world assets, specifically focusing on real estate. Metamovers: Future of RWA Tokenization Future of RWA Tokenization Speaking on tokenization and the RWA industry, David Henderson, the Head of Marketing at Backed Finance, a significant player in the tokenization of government securities, said , “The tokenization revolution is in full swing. Financial institutions are embracing this technology, recognizing its potential to reshape the global financial landscape. The distinction between ‘real-world’ and digital assets will blur as blockchains become the settlement layer for all financial transactions, democratizing access to markets worldwide. The future of finance is borderless and inclusive.” said said RWA tokenization is at a focal intersection between traditional finance and blockchain innovation. Integrations between tokenized RWAs and DeFi protocols are creating new avenues for yield generation and lending markets. The development of institutional-standard infrastructures also increases adoption by major traditional financial players. As the technology continues to mature, we will see the emergence of sophisticated systems that combine blockchain's efficiency with the mechanisms of the conventional financial market. The tokenization of real-world assets is homogenizing access to asset classes that were previously exclusive, reducing market friction, and automating compliance processes. These are potentially profound impacts on traditional finance. The success of these alterations, however, depends largely on continued technology advancements, regulatory clarity, and institutional adoption. Conclusion Conclusion One of the most significant innovations in modern finance in recent times is the tokenization of RWAs. They play a major role in bridging the gap between traditional assets and blockchain financial infrastructure. Even though the technology and market frameworks are still evolving, the foundations for massive transformations are being laid by projects like RWA Inc. They are changing how we view asset ownership and trading. The convergence of technological advancement, increase in institutional interest, and proper regulatory development corroborate that RWA tokenization is a rudimentary shift in the financial markets. And they are set to play a major part in this bull run. So, as an investor or an institution, this is the best time to develop strategic approaches to RWA tokenization.

Bridging Traditional Assets to the Blockchain Through Tokenization

Authors:
(1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;
(2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author;
(3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University;
(4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University;
(8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory;
(9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Work Related 3 Preliminary AnimateDiff 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.3 Ablative Study 5.4 Controllable Generation 6 Conclusion 7 Ethics Statement 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 4.1 ALLEVIATE NEGATIVE EFFECTS FROM TRAINING DATA WITH DOMAIN ADAPTER Due to the difficulty in collection, the visual quality of publicly available video training datasets is much lower than their image counterparts. For example, the contents of the video dataset WebVid (Bain et al., 2021) are mostly real-world recordings, whereas the image dataset LAIONAesthetic (Schuhmann et al., 2022) contains higher-quality contents, including artistic paintings and professional photography. Moreover, when treated individually as images, each video frame can contain motion blur, compression artifacts, and watermarks. Therefore, there is a non-negligible quality domain gap between the high-quality image dataset used to train the base T2I and the target video dataset we use for learning the motion priors. We argue that such a gap can limit the quality of the animation generation pipeline when trained directly on the raw video data. To avoid learning this quality discrepancy as part of our motion module and preserve the knowledge of the base T2I, we propose to fit the domain information to a separate network, dubbed as domain adapter. We drop the domain adapter at inference time and show that this practice helps reduce the negative effects caused by the domain gap mentioned above. We implement the domain adapter layers with LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) and insert them into the self-/cross-attention layers in the base T2I, as shown in Fig. 3. Take query (Q) projection as an example. The internal feature z after projection becomes This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; (2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author; (3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University; (4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University; (8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Authors: Authors: (1) Yuwei Guo, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; (2) Ceyuan Yang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Corresponding Author; (3) Anyi Rao, Stanford University; (4) Zhengyang Liang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (5) Yaohui Wang, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (6) Yu Qiao, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (7) Maneesh Agrawala, Stanford University; (8) Dahua Lin, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; (9) Bo Dai, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Table of Links Abstract and 1 Introduction Abstract and 1 Introduction 2 Work Related 2 Work Related 3 Preliminary 3 Preliminary AnimateDiff AnimateDiff 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.1 Alleviate Negative Effects from Training Data with Domain Adapter 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.2 Learn Motion Priors with Motion Module 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.3 Adapt to New Motion Patterns with MotionLora 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 4.4 AnimateDiff in Practice 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5 Experiments and 5.1 Qualitative Results 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.2 Qualitative Comparison 5.3 Ablative Study 5.3 Ablative Study 5.4 Controllable Generation 5.4 Controllable Generation 6 Conclusion 6 Conclusion 7 Ethics Statement 7 Ethics Statement 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 8 Reproducibility Statement, Acknowledgement and References 4.1 ALLEVIATE NEGATIVE EFFECTS FROM TRAINING DATA WITH DOMAIN ADAPTER Due to the difficulty in collection, the visual quality of publicly available video training datasets is much lower than their image counterparts. For example, the contents of the video dataset WebVid (Bain et al., 2021) are mostly real-world recordings, whereas the image dataset LAIONAesthetic (Schuhmann et al., 2022) contains higher-quality contents, including artistic paintings and professional photography. Moreover, when treated individually as images, each video frame can contain motion blur, compression artifacts, and watermarks. Therefore, there is a non-negligible quality domain gap between the high-quality image dataset used to train the base T2I and the target video dataset we use for learning the motion priors. We argue that such a gap can limit the quality of the animation generation pipeline when trained directly on the raw video data. To avoid learning this quality discrepancy as part of our motion module and preserve the knowledge of the base T2I, we propose to fit the domain information to a separate network, dubbed as domain adapter. We drop the domain adapter at inference time and show that this practice helps reduce the negative effects caused by the domain gap mentioned above. We implement the domain adapter layers with LoRA (Hu et al., 2021) and insert them into the self-/cross-attention layers in the base T2I, as shown in Fig. 3. Take query (Q) projection as an example. The internal feature z after projection becomes This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY 4.0 DEED license. available on arxiv

Bridging Domain Gaps with a Domain Adapter for Higher-Quality Animation

I’ve always been inspired by the openness within the developer community—the way they freely share solutions and source code for anyone to explore. Beyond the vast array of available learning materials and self-study courses, there are entire repositories filled with code you can dive into, adapt, learn, and borrow solutions from for your projects. In contrast, the graphic design world tends to be more closed off. Designers often showcase only final results, with little insight into their creative process. For me, the openness in development helps move the whole field forward. We all benefit from those contributions when everyone can access knowledge and tools. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Design While graphic design has always been my core focus, I’ve been drawn to other fields that intersect with it—motion design, illustration, typography, photography, and digital design. This doesn't mean I have mastered each profession (there are always far more experienced professionals in each specific field), but I believe in a multidisciplinary approach. Understanding the foundations of a field before diving into it helps shape your design perspective and ensures that the practical aspects of the medium inform your work. For instance, in graphic design, it’s important to understand the specifics of printing before preparing a layout. That knowledge guides the design process. Similarly, when I began designing a website for my design studio, I became interested in front-end and back-end website development. At that time, I had some knowledge of HTML, CSS, and a little JavaScript, so the first version of the site I built manually without any CMS. But soon, I realized I needed a more flexible content management system. Exploring CMS Options A developer friend of mine recommended Kirby, a flexible and user-friendly file-based PHP CMS that’s ideal for small sites. Using it helped me understand the core concept of setting up content management systems and integrating it with the frontend, which had previously felt so complex. Later I even built a student exhibition website using Kirby, where 150 students uploaded their work themselves, but that’s a story for another day. This opened the door for me to explore new tools, and I started experimenting with Gatsby (a React-based framework for static sites) and Sanity (a headless CMS). I set myself a challenge: to update my portfolio website using these tools to learn more about them. In that process, I was greatly helped by the large amount of knowledge, documentation, and video tutorials available: it's a fascinating process. Once I finished and published my studio’s website, I had an idea. Why not create a tool for other designers? Specifically, an open-source portfolio template that any designer or visual creator could use to build their own website. Visual-First Approach & Customisation There are plenty of portfolio templates built with Next.js which can be easily deployed on Vercel. But those templates are usually made for developers with a focus on development specifics. Designers, on the other hand, need a different approach—one that highlights their visual work. That’s why, for this template, I used a grid layout with large project previews and project pages that emphasize imagery and content. Customization is also key for designers. When building the template, I included features like setting custom background and text colors, reordering projects displayed on the main page, and creating project pages using modular content blocks—images, video embeds, and text. The idea is to be able to easily compile a story about a particular project out of predefined content pieces, creating an ideal visual storytelling. I used Tailwind CSS for the frontend, which makes styling and adapting content for different devices extremely easy. Thanks to Sanity’s powerful content management and the integration with Next.js, users can update content without needing to rebuild with each content update through Webhook-triggered Incremental Static Revalidation. This makes it easy to populate the portfolio with projects from scratch, keep it updated, and add projects on the go when a new project is completed and ready to be published. Easy Deployment and Accessibility Using Vercel, a user can deploy a copy of their own website with just one click, even with no development experience. The only thing needed is to register a set of free accounts: GitHub, Vercel, and Sanity. And for those who are more technically inclined, the code is open-source, so they can tweak it to suit their needs. Vercel and Sanity have more than enough traffic and content storage for a small portfolio site, and with the provided CDN, loading time is minimized, which is important for a site with a large amount of visual content. The only thing left is to connect a custom domain, which will make the portfolio site truly personal for the designer. This template is perfect for junior and experienced designers, even small design studios. One of the biggest challenges for designers in creating a portfolio is the blank page syndrome—getting stuck while being overwhelmed with designing and structuring their future portfolio website. I’ve taken care of the design and layout part, so all designers need to do is select their best projects and publish them. I named the template Collected, as it’s a place to collect and showcase the best work. I’ve created a small dedicated website to showcase the template, complete with a visual overview, a demo version, step-by-step instructions, and a video screencast where I show how to set up a portfolio website. My goal is to make the process as intuitive and visual as possible, showing designers how they can easily create a professional portfolio site without development experience. collected.to What’s next Looking ahead, I plan to keep expanding the template’s functionality. I want to add options for choosing fonts from Google Fonts, changing the grid’s column layout on the main page, and adding even more flexibility in the project page builder. I’m excited to see how the design community will use and adapt this project. Some of my fellow designers have already shared their work using this template, and I am thrilled to see what they have created. I think that by encouraging a culture of openness, we can push design forward, creating better tools and more collaborative opportunities, similar to what I've seen in the developer community. I hope this project will inspire more designers to explore the technical aspects of their craft, as understanding the tools we use is as important as creating designs in today's digital world. The complete source code for this project can be found on GitHub. I’ve always been inspired by the openness within the developer community—the way they freely share solutions and source code for anyone to explore. Beyond the vast array of available learning materials and self-study courses, there are entire repositories filled with code you can dive into, adapt, learn, and borrow solutions from for your projects. In contrast, the graphic design world tends to be more closed off. Designers often showcase only final results, with little insight into their creative process. For me, the openness in development helps move the whole field forward. We all benefit from those contributions when everyone can access knowledge and tools. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Design While graphic design has always been my core focus, I’ve been drawn to other fields that intersect with it—motion design, illustration, typography, photography, and digital design. This doesn't mean I have mastered each profession (there are always far more experienced professionals in each specific field), but I believe in a multidisciplinary approach. Understanding the foundations of a field before diving into it helps shape your design perspective and ensures that the practical aspects of the medium inform your work. For instance, in graphic design, it’s important to understand the specifics of printing before preparing a layout. That knowledge guides the design process. Similarly, when I began designing a website for my design studio, I became interested in front-end and back-end website development. At that time, I had some knowledge of HTML, CSS, and a little JavaScript, so the first version of the site I built manually without any CMS. But soon, I realized I needed a more flexible content management system. Exploring CMS Options A developer friend of mine recommended Kirby , a flexible and user-friendly file-based PHP CMS that’s ideal for small sites. Using it helped me understand the core concept of setting up content management systems and integrating it with the frontend, which had previously felt so complex. Later I even built a student exhibition website using Kirby, where 150 students uploaded their work themselves, but that’s a story for another day. This opened the door for me to explore new tools, and I started experimenting with Gatsby (a React-based framework for static sites) and Sanity (a headless CMS). I set myself a challenge: to update my portfolio website using these tools to learn more about them. In that process, I was greatly helped by the large amount of knowledge, documentation, and video tutorials available: it's a fascinating process. Kirby Gatsby Sanity Once I finished and published my studio’s website, I had an idea. Why not create a tool for other designers? Specifically, an open-source portfolio template that any designer or visual creator could use to build their own website. Visual-First Approach & Customisation There are plenty of portfolio templates built with Next.js which can be easily deployed on Vercel. But those templates are usually made for developers with a focus on development specifics. Designers, on the other hand, need a different approach—one that highlights their visual work. That’s why, for this template, I used a grid layout with large project previews and project pages that emphasize imagery and content. Customization is also key for designers. When building the template, I included features like setting custom background and text colors, reordering projects displayed on the main page, and creating project pages using modular content blocks—images, video embeds, and text. The idea is to be able to easily compile a story about a particular project out of predefined content pieces, creating an ideal visual storytelling. I used Tailwind CSS for the frontend, which makes styling and adapting content for different devices extremely easy. Thanks to Sanity’s powerful content management and the integration with Next.js, users can update content without needing to rebuild with each content update through Webhook-triggered Incremental Static Revalidation. This makes it easy to populate the portfolio with projects from scratch, keep it updated, and add projects on the go when a new project is completed and ready to be published. Easy Deployment and Accessibility Using Vercel, a user can deploy a copy of their own website with just one click, even with no development experience. The only thing needed is to register a set of free accounts: GitHub, Vercel, and Sanity. And for those who are more technically inclined, the code is open-source , so they can tweak it to suit their needs. Vercel and Sanity have more than enough traffic and content storage for a small portfolio site, and with the provided CDN, loading time is minimized, which is important for a site with a large amount of visual content. The only thing left is to connect a custom domain, which will make the portfolio site truly personal for the designer. open-source This template is perfect for junior and experienced designers, even small design studios. One of the biggest challenges for designers in creating a portfolio is the blank page syndrome—getting stuck while being overwhelmed with designing and structuring their future portfolio website. I’ve taken care of the design and layout part, so all designers need to do is select their best projects and publish them. I named the template Collected , as it’s a place to collect and showcase the best work. I’ve created a small dedicated website to showcase the template, complete with a visual overview, a demo version, step-by-step instructions, and a video screencast where I show how to set up a portfolio website. My goal is to make the process as intuitive and visual as possible, showing designers how they can easily create a professional portfolio site without development experience. Collected collected.to collected.to collected.to What’s next Looking ahead, I plan to keep expanding the template’s functionality. I want to add options for choosing fonts from Google Fonts, changing the grid’s column layout on the main page, and adding even more flexibility in the project page builder. I’m excited to see how the design community will use and adapt this project. Some of my fellow designers have already shared their work using this template, and I am thrilled to see what they have created. I think that by encouraging a culture of openness, we can push design forward, creating better tools and more collaborative opportunities, similar to what I've seen in the developer community. I hope this project will inspire more designers to explore the technical aspects of their craft, as understanding the tools we use is as important as creating designs in today's digital world. The complete source code for this project can be found on GitHub. The complete source code for this project can be found on GitHub . GitHub

Bridging Design and Development: Creating an Open-Source Portfolio Website Template for Designers

LOS ANGELES, USA, October 19th, 2024/Chainwire/--$DOG of Bitcoin announces the release of its limited-edition $DOG Plushie, set to launch on October 19, 2024, an occasion now being called "$DOGTOBER 19." These collectible plush toys provide fans and newcomers with a tangible connection to the $DOG ecosystem, bridging the digital world of cryptocurrency with a physical collectible designed for both enjoyment and community engagement. This exclusive collection, featuring 100,000 individually serialized plushies, will be available globally on launch day. Each plushie will wear one of three hoodie colors—Common, Uncommon, or Rare, each inspired by milestones in $DOG’s journey within the Bitcoin blockchain. This release aims to offer fans a unique, tangible keepsake while marking $DOG’s entry into physical products, a move that distinguishes it within the cryptocurrency landscape. In addition to being a collectible, the $DOG plushies come with exclusive benefits for holders. Owners will gain entry to the $DOG Millionaire Raffle, where they have the chance to win up to 10 million $DOG tokens, currently valued at over $100,000. The first 1,000 buyers will also receive a complimentary Ordinals Profile Picture (PFP) NFT. As part of its community-focused mission, $DOG of Bitcoin will donate 10% of plushie sales to children’s orphanages and dog shelters. The $DOG project, which launched after the activation of the Runes Protocol on Bitcoin, distinguishes itself through its fair distribution model, releasing all 100 billion tokens to holders of Runestone Ordinals NFTs. This upcoming plushie release further establishes $DOG's presence both on-chain and in the real world, reinforcing its commitment to innovation and community engagement within the Bitcoin space. Plushies will be shipped worldwide, allowing collectors and fans to connect with the $DOG brand wherever they are. For further information about the $DOGTOBER 19 launch and to purchase, visit the official $DOG shop. For the latest updates, users can follow $DOG of Bitcoin on X. About $DOG of Bitcoin $DOG of Bitcoin is a pioneering meme coin project launched on the Bitcoin blockchain following the activation of the Runes Protocol. The project is designed with a strong commitment to fairness and decentralization, distributing its entire supply of 100 billion $DOG tokens to holders of Runestone Ordinals NFTs. As the first meme coin to establish itself on the Bitcoin network, $DOG of Bitcoin aims to foster a community-driven ecosystem that celebrates Bitcoin’s principles while engaging fans through unique initiatives. With its innovative distribution model and community-focused values, $DOG of Bitcoin is setting new standards within the meme coin space, offering both digital and physical connections to its growing community. For more information, users can visit https://dogofbitcoin.com. Social Media: X: https://x.com/DogOfBitcoin
Instagram: https://instagram.com/DogOfBitcoin
TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@dogofbitcoin Contact Vittorio Pantoliano $DOG of Bitcoin contact@dogofbitcoin.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. LOS ANGELES, USA, October 19th, 2024/Chainwire/-- $DOG of Bitcoin announces the release of its limited-edition $DOG Plushie, set to launch on October 19, 2024, an occasion now being called "$DOGTOBER 19." These collectible plush toys provide fans and newcomers with a tangible connection to the $DOG ecosystem, bridging the digital world of cryptocurrency with a physical collectible designed for both enjoyment and community engagement. LOS ANGELES, USA, October 19th, 2024/Chainwire/-- This exclusive collection, featuring 100,000 individually serialized plushies, will be available globally on launch day. Each plushie will wear one of three hoodie colors—Common, Uncommon, or Rare, each inspired by milestones in $DOG’s journey within the Bitcoin blockchain. This release aims to offer fans a unique, tangible keepsake while marking $DOG’s entry into physical products, a move that distinguishes it within the cryptocurrency landscape. In addition to being a collectible, the $DOG plushies come with exclusive benefits for holders. Owners will gain entry to the $DOG Millionaire Raffle , where they have the chance to win up to 10 million $DOG tokens, currently valued at over $100,000. The first 1,000 buyers will also receive a complimentary Ordinals Profile Picture (PFP) NFT. As part of its community-focused mission, $DOG of Bitcoin will donate 10% of plushie sales to children’s orphanages and dog shelters. $DOG Millionaire Raffle $DOG Millionaire Raffle The $DOG project, which launched after the activation of the Runes Protocol on Bitcoin, distinguishes itself through its fair distribution model, releasing all 100 billion tokens to holders of Runestone Ordinals NFTs. This upcoming plushie release further establishes $DOG's presence both on-chain and in the real world, reinforcing its commitment to innovation and community engagement within the Bitcoin space. Plushies will be shipped worldwide, allowing collectors and fans to connect with the $DOG brand wherever they are. For further information about the $DOGTOBER 19 launch and to purchase, visit the official $DOG shop . $DOG shop $DOG shop For the latest updates, users can follow $DOG of Bitcoin on X . X X About $DOG of Bitcoin $DOG of Bitcoin is a pioneering meme coin project launched on the Bitcoin blockchain following the activation of the Runes Protocol. The project is designed with a strong commitment to fairness and decentralization, distributing its entire supply of 100 billion $DOG tokens to holders of Runestone Ordinals NFTs. As the first meme coin to establish itself on the Bitcoin network, $DOG of Bitcoin aims to foster a community-driven ecosystem that celebrates Bitcoin’s principles while engaging fans through unique initiatives. With its innovative distribution model and community-focused values, $DOG of Bitcoin is setting new standards within the meme coin space, offering both digital and physical connections to its growing community. For more information, users can visit https://dogofbitcoin.com . $DOG of Bitcoin $DOG of Bitcoin https://dogofbitcoin.com https://dogofbitcoin.com Social Media: X: https://x.com/DogOfBitcoin Instagram: https://instagram.com/DogOfBitcoin TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@dogofbitcoin X: https://x.com/DogOfBitcoin https://x.com/DogOfBitcoin https://x.com/DogOfBitcoin Instagram: https://instagram.com/DogOfBitcoin https://instagram.com/DogOfBitcoin https://instagram.com/DogOfBitcoin TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@dogofbitcoin https://tiktok.com/@dogofbitcoin https://tiktok.com/@dogofbitcoin Contact Vittorio Pantoliano $DOG of Bitcoin contact@dogofbitcoin.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. here . here

Limited-Edition $DOG Plushies Launches, Bridging Digital And Physical Collectibles

Məhdud Buraxılış $DOG Plushies, Rəqəmsal və Fiziki Kolleksiyaları Birləşdirir

Limited-Edition $DOG Plushies κυκλοφορεί, Bridging Digital and Physical Collectibles

Se lanzan peluches $DOG de edición limitada que unen los coleccionables digitales y físicos

Lanse edisyon limite $DOG Plushies, Bridging Digital ak Kolektib fizik

השקות $DOG Plushies במהדורה מוגבלת, גישור בין פריטי אספנות דיגיטליים ופיזיים

限定版$DOGぬいぐるみ発売、デジタルと物理的なコレクターアイテムの架け橋に

Ntarengwa-Edition $ DOG Amashanyarazi Yatangijwe, Kuzuza Digital hamwe nibintu bifatika

Yakaganhurirwa-Edition $DOG Plushies Inotangisa, Bridging Digital uye Yenyama Zvinounganidzwa

Daabacaadda xadidan ee $DOG Plushies ayaa bilaabay, Isku-dubarid Digital iyo Aruurinta Jirka

$DOG Plushies รุ่นลิมิเต็ดเอดิชั่นเปิดตัวแล้ว เชื่อมโยงของสะสมทั้งในรูปแบบดิจิทัลและกายภาพเข้าด้วยกัน

Cheklangan sonli $DOG Plushies sotuvga chiqarildi, raqamli va jismoniy kolleksiyalarni birlashtiradi

I-limited-Edition $DOG Plushies Yethulwa, I-Bridging Digital And Physical Collectibles

Bridging Real-World Assets and DeFi: An Interview with Lumia Co-Founder Kal Ali

Premošćivanje stvarne svjetske imovine i DeFi-ja: Intervju sa suosnivačem Lumie Kalom Alijem

Přemostění aktiv skutečného světa a DeFi: Rozhovor se spoluzakladatelem Lumia Kalem Alim

Brücke zwischen realen Vermögenswerten und DeFi: Ein Interview mit Lumia-Mitbegründer Kal Ali

Un puente entre los activos del mundo real y las finanzas descentralizadas: entrevista con Kal Ali, cofundador de Lumia

Reaalimaailman omaisuuden ja DeFi:n yhdistäminen: Lumian perustajan Kal Alin haastattelu

現実世界の資産とDeFiをつなぐ：Lumia共同創設者Kal Ali氏へのインタビュー

ការភ្ជាប់ទ្រព្យសកម្មពិភពពិត និង DeFi៖ បទសម្ភាសន៍ជាមួយសហស្ថាបនិក Lumia លោក Kal Ali

Merapatkan Aset Dunia Sebenar dan DeFi: Temu bual dengan Pengasas Bersama Lumia Kal Ali

Kubatanidza Real-World Assets uye DeFi: Hurukuro naLumia Co-Muvambi Kal Ali

Haqiqiy dunyo aktivlari va DeFi o'rtasidagi bog'lanish: Lumia asoschisi Kal Ali bilan suhbat

Ukuqhawula ii-Asethi zeHlabathi ze-Real-World kunye ne-DeFi: Udliwano-ndlebe kunye noLumia Co-Founder uKal Ali

连接现实世界资产和 DeFi：Lumia 联合创始人 Kal Ali 访谈

By Jassem Osseiran, Co-Founder of PlaysOut In the rapidly evolving landscape of gaming, industry veterans are aiming to bridge the gap between traditional web2 games and the burgeoning world of web3. Co-founded by industry veterans with extensive experience in both gaming and blockchain technology, PlaysOut's mission is to integrate mini-games into major traffic platforms, providing access to Web3 tools and making them available through popular messenger apps and other platforms with large user bases. This approach seeks to create a seamless gaming experience that leverages the strengths of both web2 and web3 environments. A Serious Technological Edge PlaysOut leverages a distinct technological framework that sets it apart from traditional platforms, providing easy access to games outside of H5/webview and standalone mobile games. Using a mini-game container technology, we’ve created a closed runtime environment. This approach enhances security through sandbox technology, ensuring that games run in an isolated and protected environment, enhancing security, and protecting both game developers and players from potential vulnerabilities and threats. By optimizing game resource preloading, PlaysOut significantly improves game loading speeds and enhances native capabilities. This results in a more seamless and responsive gaming experience. PlaysOut's focus on game performance optimization also leads to smoother graphics and a more enjoyable gameplay experience. This optimization allows mini-games to achieve near-native fluidity while maintaining the convenience and same accessibility of H5. The technological advancements enabled by PlaysOut allows mini-games to support medium to heavy games with rich content, providing a gaming experience that rivals standalone mobile games while retaining the user-friendliness of H5/webview platforms. It’s All About Your People The strength of PlaysOut lies in the combined expertise of its core team, which encompasses deep knowledge of both gaming and web3. The core team is highly skilled in Web3, having been active in the field since 2014 with over 10 years of industry experience. Our expertise covers a wide range of domains, including underlying public chains, DEX, cross-chain bridges, DeFi, GameFi, and NFTs. This team has both the technological and operational capabilities needed to navigate the complex Web3 landscape. The synergy of gaming and Web3 expertise at an S-tier level provides a solid foundation for PlaysOut's mission to create a world-class mini-game platform that bridges Web2 and Web3. With a diverse background in Technology, Venture Building, Finance, Web3, and Tencent technology, the technical team lead brings 20 years of experience in the gaming industry. Prior to joining Playsout, our team was responsible for the overall technical operations of Tencent's independent game studio and possesses technical capabilities at the level of all major game engines. Our profound understanding of the technical principles and architecture of WeChat mini-games, combined with a decade of experience in the Web3 environment, is a significant asset. In complete synergy with the technical team, the product operations team comes from major game companies such as Perfect World and SNK. The team product lead has 20 years of experience in the gaming industry and has served as Vice President of Distribution, launching over 25 international games. Partnerships Give the Ultimate Advantage PlaysOut's unique collaboration advantages further bolster its position in the market. With Tencent as a partner for mini-programs, PlaysOut secured status as the only overseas company to achieve this collaboration at several exclusive levels. China's vast market of over 400,000 WeChat mini-game developers, producing tens of thousands of mini-game products annually, presents significant opportunities for the space. The primary collaboration advantages for these developers are: Efficient Integration Advantage Independently developed mini-game container technology allows for seamless integration similar to WeChat mini-games. This ensures that mini-game products from the Chinese and Asian markets can be easily adapted and integrated into the PlaysOut platform, localized and deployed for global traffic access.


Developer Trust Relationships Establishing strong relationships with developers sets the stage for seamless global positioning. Some notable groups in the space include  4399, Huaxia Leyou, Beijing Haibi, Stars Interactive Entertainment, Shanghai Coolreal, Chengdu MUMU, and Beijing Aodun Network Technology.


Web3 Deployment Expertise
Creating and facilitating an environment for developers and games entering the Web3 space through access toessential tools such as wallet, swap, and token infrastructures enables seamless transitions and optimization of traffic performance and behavior across various game titles. One of the core challenges faced by web3 games is integrating into the broader gaming industry. The vision centers on creating a self-sustaining ecosystem where all participants — game developers, players, investors, and gaming platforms — are driven by more than just profit. However, it is impossible to ignore profit as a driver, and the gaming industry is among the top 10 most profitable industries globally, serving as a strong monetization terminal for the internet industry. Ideally, the next WeChat of web3 gaming would become a true global mini-games publisher, and combined with the intrinsic profitability of games with web3, they would ultimately elevate the overall web3 ecosystem and bring entertaining and profitable games and players into the space. PlaysOut’s platform and SDK solution tackles the profitability challenges faced by game developers and traffic providers worldwide, ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to earn rewards for their effort and engagement with games. The profitability of games serves as the underlying support for PlaysOut, upon which web3 empowerment is built, amplifying the value of excellent products. PlaysOut is poised to revolutionize web3 gaming by fostering a thriving community through innovative developer and gamer tools. This focus on a healthy ecosystem will attract high-quality games and players while also engaging better with the existing audience. By setting a new standard for transitioning web2 games and building a unified platform, PlaysOut is on track to become a central force in the future of gaming, where the best of both worlds collide. About Jassem Osseiran Jassem ("J") is an experienced entrepreneur and operational investor based in London. With a deep understanding of global finance gained through his Economics degree at the University of San Francisco, Jassem began his career as a tech venture builder with Rocket Internet in New York. He then shifted his focus to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), managing media portfolios and founding startups tailored to the region. A sought-after advisor for high-growth brands and cutting-edge technology platforms, Jassem has orchestrated multiple successful exits, including a notable IPO on the London Stock Exchange. In 2020, he founded 611 Capital Investments, concentrating on investments, incubation, and market scalability across the EU, the Middle East, and Asia. Currently, Jassem is the founder and chief strategy officer of PlaysOut Technologies, spearheading the commercial framework for seamlessly integrating mini-games within super apps. This initiative represents a significant shift in the digital ecosystem, leveraging evolving Web3 technologies to unlock immense potential for mini-games in the digital space. Jassem remains a close advisor and partner to multiple global institutions and key opinion leaders. About PlaysOut PlaysOut is a globally oriented open platform for mini-programs that fully aligns with the Weixin Mini-Program framework. It provides SDK interfaces for super apps, offering a rich array of mini-program and mini-game content. Additionally, PlaysOut streamlines the integration process for developers, providing convenient tools and seamless access to mini-program and mini-game products. This story was distributed under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. By Jassem Osseiran, Co-Founder of PlaysOut By Jassem Osseiran, Co-Founder of PlaysOut PlaysOut PlaysOut In the rapidly evolving landscape of gaming, industry veterans are aiming to bridge the gap between traditional web2 games and the burgeoning world of web3. Co-founded by industry veterans with extensive experience in both gaming and blockchain technology, PlaysOut's mission is to integrate mini-games into major traffic platforms, providing access to Web3 tools and making them available through popular messenger apps and other platforms with large user bases. This approach seeks to create a seamless gaming experience that leverages the strengths of both web2 and web3 environments. rapidly evolving landscape rapidly evolving landscape A Serious Technological Edge A Serious Technological Edge A Serious Technological Edge PlaysOut leverages a distinct technological framework that sets it apart from traditional platforms, providing easy access to games outside of H5/webview and standalone mobile games. Using a mini-game container technology, we’ve created a closed runtime environment. This approach enhances security through sandbox technology, ensuring that games run in an isolated and protected environment, enhancing security, and protecting both game developers and players from potential vulnerabilities and threats. By optimizing game resource preloading, PlaysOut significantly improves game loading speeds and enhances native capabilities. This results in a more seamless and responsive gaming experience. PlaysOut's focus on game performance optimization also leads to smoother graphics and a more enjoyable gameplay experience. This optimization allows mini-games to achieve near-native fluidity while maintaining the convenience and same accessibility of H5. The technological advancements enabled by PlaysOut allows mini-games to support medium to heavy games with rich content, providing a gaming experience that rivals standalone mobile games while retaining the user-friendliness of H5/webview platforms. It’s All About Your People It’s All About Your People It’s All About Your People The strength of PlaysOut lies in the combined expertise of its core team, which encompasses deep knowledge of both gaming and web3. The core team is highly skilled in Web3, having been active in the field since 2014 with over 10 years of industry experience. Our expertise covers a wide range of domains, including underlying public chains, DEX, cross-chain bridges, DeFi, GameFi, and NFTs. This team has both the technological and operational capabilities needed to navigate the complex Web3 landscape. The synergy of gaming and Web3 expertise at an S-tier level provides a solid foundation for PlaysOut's mission to create a world-class mini-game platform that bridges Web2 and Web3. With a diverse background in Technology, Venture Building, Finance, Web3, and Tencent technology, the technical team lead brings 20 years of experience in the gaming industry. Prior to joining Playsout, our team was responsible for the overall technical operations of Tencent's independent game studio and possesses technical capabilities at the level of all major game engines. Our profound understanding of the technical principles and architecture of WeChat mini-games, combined with a decade of experience in the Web3 environment, is a significant asset. In complete synergy with the technical team, the product operations team comes from major game companies such as Perfect World and SNK. The team product lead has 20 years of experience in the gaming industry and has served as Vice President of Distribution, launching over 25 international games. Partnerships Give the Ultimate Advantage Partnerships Give the Ultimate Advantage Partnerships Give the Ultimate Advantage PlaysOut's unique collaboration advantages further bolster its position in the market. With Tencent as a partner for mini-programs, PlaysOut secured status as the only overseas company to achieve this collaboration at several exclusive levels. China's vast market of over 400,000 WeChat mini-game developers, producing tens of thousands of mini-game products annually, presents significant opportunities for the space. The primary collaboration advantages for these developers are: Efficient Integration Advantage Independently developed mini-game container technology allows for seamless integration similar to WeChat mini-games. This ensures that mini-game products from the Chinese and Asian markets can be easily adapted and integrated into the PlaysOut platform, localized and deployed for global traffic access. Developer Trust Relationships Establishing strong relationships with developers sets the stage for seamless global positioning. Some notable groups in the space include  4399, Huaxia Leyou, Beijing Haibi, Stars Interactive Entertainment, Shanghai Coolreal, Chengdu MUMU, and Beijing Aodun Network Technology. Web3 Deployment Expertise
Creating and facilitating an environment for developers and games entering the Web3 space through access toessential tools such as wallet, swap, and token infrastructures enables seamless transitions and optimization of traffic performance and behavior across various game titles. Efficient Integration Advantage Independently developed mini-game container technology allows for seamless integration similar to WeChat mini-games. This ensures that mini-game products from the Chinese and Asian markets can be easily adapted and integrated into the PlaysOut platform, localized and deployed for global traffic access. Efficient Integration Advantage Independently developed mini-game container technology allows for seamless integration similar to WeChat mini-games. This ensures that mini-game products from the Chinese and Asian markets can be easily adapted and integrated into the PlaysOut platform, localized and deployed for global traffic access. Developer Trust Relationships Establishing strong relationships with developers sets the stage for seamless global positioning. Some notable groups in the space include  4399, Huaxia Leyou, Beijing Haibi, Stars Interactive Entertainment, Shanghai Coolreal, Chengdu MUMU, and Beijing Aodun Network Technology. Developer Trust Relationships Establishing strong relationships with developers sets the stage for seamless global positioning. Some notable groups in the space include  4399, Huaxia Leyou, Beijing Haibi, Stars Interactive Entertainment, Shanghai Coolreal, Chengdu MUMU, and Beijing Aodun Network Technology. Web3 Deployment Expertise
Creating and facilitating an environment for developers and games entering the Web3 space through access toessential tools such as wallet, swap, and token infrastructures enables seamless transitions and optimization of traffic performance and behavior across various game titles. Web3 Deployment Expertise
Creating and facilitating an environment for developers and games entering the Web3 space through access toessential tools such as wallet, swap, and token infrastructures enables seamless transitions and optimization of traffic performance and behavior across various game titles. One of the core challenges faced by web3 games is integrating into the broader gaming industry. The vision centers on creating a self-sustaining ecosystem where all participants — game developers, players, investors, and gaming platforms — are driven by more than just profit. However, it is impossible to ignore profit as a driver, and the gaming industry is among the top 10 most profitable industries globally, serving as a strong monetization terminal for the internet industry. Ideally, the next WeChat of web3 gaming would become a true global mini-games publisher, and combined with the intrinsic profitability of games with web3, they would ultimately elevate the overall web3 ecosystem and bring entertaining and profitable games and players into the space. PlaysOut’s platform and SDK solution tackles the profitability challenges faced by game developers and traffic providers worldwide, ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to earn rewards for their effort and engagement with games. The profitability of games serves as the underlying support for PlaysOut, upon which web3 empowerment is built, amplifying the value of excellent products. PlaysOut is poised to revolutionize web3 gaming by fostering a thriving community through innovative developer and gamer tools. This focus on a healthy ecosystem will attract high-quality games and players while also engaging better with the existing audience. By setting a new standard for transitioning web2 games and building a unified platform, PlaysOut is on track to become a central force in the future of gaming, where the best of both worlds collide. About Jassem Osseiran About Jassem Osseiran About Jassem Osseiran Jassem ("J") is an experienced entrepreneur and operational investor based in London. With a deep understanding of global finance gained through his Economics degree at the University of San Francisco, Jassem began his career as a tech venture builder with Rocket Internet in New York. He then shifted his focus to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), managing media portfolios and founding startups tailored to the region. A sought-after advisor for high-growth brands and cutting-edge technology platforms, Jassem has orchestrated multiple successful exits, including a notable IPO on the London Stock Exchange. In 2020, he founded 611 Capital Investments, concentrating on investments, incubation, and market scalability across the EU, the Middle East, and Asia. Currently, Jassem is the founder and chief strategy officer of PlaysOut Technologies, spearheading the commercial framework for seamlessly integrating mini-games within super apps. This initiative represents a significant shift in the digital ecosystem, leveraging evolving Web3 technologies to unlock immense potential for mini-games in the digital space. Jassem remains a close advisor and partner to multiple global institutions and key opinion leaders. About PlaysOut About PlaysOut About PlaysOut PlaysOut is a globally oriented open platform for mini-programs that fully aligns with the Weixin Mini-Program framework. It provides SDK interfaces for super apps, offering a rich array of mini-program and mini-game content. Additionally, PlaysOut streamlines the integration process for developers, providing convenient tools and seamless access to mini-program and mini-game products. PlaysOut PlaysOut This story was distributed under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here. This story was distributed under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here . here here

PlaysOut: Bridging Worlds, One Mini-Game at a Time

প্লেসআউট: ব্রিজিং ওয়ার্ল্ডস, এক সময়ে একটি মিনি-গেম

PlaysOut: Welten verbinden, ein Minispiel nach dem anderen

PlaysOut: Uniendo mundos, un minijuego a la vez

PlaysOut : Bridging Worlds, un mini-jeu à la fois

प्लेज़आउट: ब्रिजिंग वर्ल्ड्स, एक समय में एक मिनी-गेम

PlaysOut: ミニゲームで世界をつなぐ

PlaysOut: 세계 연결, 한 번에 하나의 미니 게임

PlaysOut: unindo mundos, um minijogo de cada vez

PlaysOut: соединяя миры, по одной мини-игре за раз

PlaysOut: Dünyalar Arasında Köprü Kurmak, Her Seferinde Bir Mini Oyun

PlaysOut: Cầu nối các thế giới, mỗi lần một trò chơi nhỏ

PlaysOut：连接世界，每次玩一款迷你游戏

Cross The Ages (CTA) has unveiled ReVerse, a novel concept that integrates Real World Assets (RWAs) into its virtual gaming ecosystem. This development represents a significant step in the convergence of web3 technologies, blockchain, and traditional gaming. ReVerse aims to create a tangible link between virtual interactions and real-world outcomes. The concept allows users to engage in entertainment activities while simultaneously participating in asset ownership and potentially benefiting financially. Notably, the initiative also incorporates a focus on renewable energy, adding an environmental dimension to the project. Linking Virtual and Real Worlds At the core of ReVerse is a system where virtual lands correspond to real-world industrial activities. These digital territories are part of a broader strategy to acquire real estate for the production of carbon-neutral energy from renewable sources. The initiative particularly targets sectors with high energy consumption, such as data centers and cryptocurrency mining operations, offering them sustainable energy solutions. The CTA token serves as the primary currency within Artellium, the universe and intellectual property of Cross The Ages. This token enables players to convert their virtual achievements into real-world assets through a process that transforms digital "Flex" cards into "Eternal" NFT cards. These can then be traded, rented, or collected. According to the company, players' virtual assets are designed to generate a minimum return on investment through the sale of renewable energy produced on physical lands. Players also have the opportunity to expand their returns through continued gameplay. This approach, which ties virtual gaming success to real-world renewable energy production, represents a unique model in the gaming industry. It potentially offers a new paradigm for how digital entertainment can interact with and impact the physical world. The innovative approach of Cross The Ages has garnered attention from multiple publishers and venture capitalists. The company reports interest from five publishers and over 70 venture capital firms, suggesting a potentially significant impact on the gaming and tech investment landscapes. In the coming weeks, co-founders Sami Chlagou and Richard Estève plan to expand their activities in the United States. Their focus will be on building and scouting new locations to enhance their real-world asset portfolio, further solidifying the connection between their virtual and physical operations. Sami Chlagou, CEO and Co-Founder of Cross The Ages, stated, "The connection between the virtual and real worlds through ReVerse is set to shift the traditional entertainment paradigm, making gaming both more interactive and impactful." Final Thoughts and Outlook The launch of ReVerse by Cross The Ages represents a bold attempt to bridge the gap between virtual gaming and real-world impact. By tying in-game activities to renewable energy production, the company is positioning itself at the intersection of gaming, blockchain technology, and sustainable energy. This approach could potentially address some of the criticisms leveled at blockchain-based gaming and cryptocurrency mining, particularly regarding their environmental impact. If successful, it could pave the way for more environmentally conscious models in the digital entertainment industry. However, the complexity of the system and the need to balance gaming enjoyment with real-world outcomes may present challenges. The success of ReVerse will likely depend on how well Cross The Ages can manage this balance and create a seamless experience for users. As the project develops, industry observers will be watching closely to see if this model can deliver on its promises and potentially influence future trends in gaming and digital entertainment. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Cross The Ages (CTA) has unveiled ReVerse, a novel concept that integrates Real World Assets (RWAs) into its virtual gaming ecosystem. This development represents a significant step in the convergence of web3 technologies, blockchain, and traditional gaming. ReVerse aims to create a tangible link between virtual interactions and real-world outcomes. The concept allows users to engage in entertainment activities while simultaneously participating in asset ownership and potentially benefiting financially. Notably, the initiative also incorporates a focus on renewable energy, adding an environmental dimension to the project. Cross The Ages Linking Virtual and Real Worlds At the core of ReVerse is a system where virtual lands correspond to real-world industrial activities. These digital territories are part of a broader strategy to acquire real estate for the production of carbon-neutral energy from renewable sources. The initiative particularly targets sectors with high energy consumption, such as data centers and cryptocurrency mining operations, offering them sustainable energy solutions. The CTA token serves as the primary currency within Artellium, the universe and intellectual property of Cross The Ages. This token enables players to convert their virtual achievements into real-world assets through a process that transforms digital "Flex" cards into "Eternal" NFT cards. These can then be traded, rented, or collected. According to the company, players' virtual assets are designed to generate a minimum return on investment through the sale of renewable energy produced on physical lands. Players also have the opportunity to expand their returns through continued gameplay. This approach, which ties virtual gaming success to real-world renewable energy production, represents a unique model in the gaming industry. It potentially offers a new paradigm for how digital entertainment can interact with and impact the physical world. The innovative approach of Cross The Ages has garnered attention from multiple publishers and venture capitalists. The company reports interest from five publishers and over 70 venture capital firms, suggesting a potentially significant impact on the gaming and tech investment landscapes. In the coming weeks, co-founders Sami Chlagou and Richard Estève plan to expand their activities in the United States. Their focus will be on building and scouting new locations to enhance their real-world asset portfolio, further solidifying the connection between their virtual and physical operations. Sami Chlagou, CEO and Co-Founder of Cross The Ages, stated, "The connection between the virtual and real worlds through ReVerse is set to shift the traditional entertainment paradigm, making gaming both more interactive and impactful." Cross The Ages Final Thoughts and Outlook The launch of ReVerse by Cross The Ages represents a bold attempt to bridge the gap between virtual gaming and real-world impact. By tying in-game activities to renewable energy production, the company is positioning itself at the intersection of gaming, blockchain technology, and sustainable energy. This approach could potentially address some of the criticisms leveled at blockchain-based gaming and cryptocurrency mining, particularly regarding their environmental impact. If successful, it could pave the way for more environmentally conscious models in the digital entertainment industry. However, the complexity of the system and the need to balance gaming enjoyment with real-world outcomes may present challenges. The success of ReVerse will likely depend on how well Cross The Ages can manage this balance and create a seamless experience for users. As the project develops, industry observers will be watching closely to see if this model can deliver on its promises and potentially influence future trends in gaming and digital entertainment. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: This author is an independent contributor publishing via our business blogging program . HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR. Vested Interest Disclosure: business blogging program business blogging program

Cross The Ages Launches ReVerse, Bridging Virtual Gaming with Real Assets

ক্রস দ্য এজেস রিভার্স চালু করেছে, বাস্তব সম্পদের সাথে ভার্চুয়াল গেমিং ব্রিজ করছে

Cross The Ages bringt ReVerse auf den Markt und verbindet virtuelles Gaming mit realen Assets

Cross The Ages lanza ReVerse, uniendo juegos virtuales con activos reales

Cross The Ages lance ReVerse, reliant le jeu virtuel aux actifs réels

क्रॉस द एजेस ने रिवर्स लॉन्च किया, वर्चुअल गेमिंग को रियल एसेट्स से जोड़ा

Cross The AgesがReVerseを立ち上げ、仮想ゲームと現実の資産を結びつける

Cross The Ages, 가상 게임과 실제 자산을 연결하는 ReVerse 출시

Cross The Ages lança ReVerse, unindo jogos virtuais com ativos reais

Cross The Ages запускает ReVerse, объединяя виртуальные игры с реальными активами

Cross The Ages, Sanal Oyunlarla Gerçek Varlıklar Arasında Köprü Kuran ReVerse'ı Başlatıyor

Cross The Ages ra mắt ReVerse, kết nối trò chơi ảo với tài sản thực

Cross The Ages 推出 ReVerse，将虚拟游戏与真实资产连接起来

Authors:
(1) Xiaohan Ding, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: xiaohan@vt.edu);
(2) Mike Horning, Department of Communication, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: mhorning@vt.edu);
(3) Eugenia H. Rho, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: eugenia@vt.edu ). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Related Work Study 1: Evolution of Semantic Polarity in Broadcast Media Language (2010-2020) Study 2: Words that Characterize Semantic Polarity between Fox News & CNN in 2020 Study 3: How Semantic Polarization in Broadcast Media Language Forecasts Semantic Polarity in Social Media Discourse Discussion and Ethics Statement Appendix and References Discussion The rising levels of semantic polarity between the two major broadcast news organizations, as demonstrated in our work may render people’s ability to reach across partisan divides and to perceive and solve issues democratically more difficult. The way CNN and Fox News discuss identical keywords on their programs is remarkably distinct in 2020 where semantic polarity between the two stations reaches its peak over an 11-year period, corroborating the widening partisan media gap highlighted by recent scholarship. Framing Theory argues that even subtle changes in the wording around how an issue is described by the media can significantly influence how audiences interpret the issue (Scheufele 2000; Entman 2003). Yet, our findings show that the contextual language driving semantic polarization in broadcast media is not nuanced at all. The surrounding words that characterize how each station discusses topically important keywords are drastically different, to the extent that identical words seem to reflect different meanings altogether. This is a crucial point of consideration, as linguistic cues in the media can play a powerful role in selectively reifying certain aspects of the perceived reality of an issue while downplaying others. Our findings suggest that TV news language does not only shape how online audiences perceive issues, but also how they talk about them. In linguistics, collocation is the property of language where two or more words appear in each other’s company with greater than random chance (Hoey 2005), such as “illegal” and “immigrants” in Fox News and “climate change” and “science” from CNN, as shown in our findings. Repeated encounters with collocated words drive what linguists call lexical priming (Hoey 2005), in which a priming word (e.g., ”blacklivesmatter”) provokes a particular target word (“protests” for CNN and “violence” for Fox) more strongly and quickly than disparate words encountered more rarely. In this vein, online audiences who consume very different perceived realities from the media may be lexically primed through repeated exposure to collocated words that frame identical issues in acutely contrasting contexts. This may help theorize why TV news language can shape how online audiences engage in public discourse as demonstrated in this work. Semantic polarization in televised media not only forecasts semantic polarity trends on Twitter, but the words that characterize broadcast media polarization re-appear across Twitter discussions, separated by significant lag months. Our results demonstrate that the language characterizing opposing media narratives around topically similar news events on TV can be linguistically mimicked in how social media users are polarized in their discourse around important social issues. Limitations. Differences in cosine values between contextual word representations stem not only from semantic, but also from positional differences of words in sentences. Although word embeddings generally embody contextual nuances, we acknowledge that our work predominantly considers semantic rather than syntactic aspects, and that to some extent our calculation of semantic polarity could embody syntactic differences in how keywords are discussed. Furthermore, our findings pertain to American political contexts, which might not be generalizable to foreign public discourse and media language. For future work, we aim to apply our model to relevant textual corpora in other languages by incorporating cross-lingual transfer learning methods to better understand the generalizability of our model by comparing distributional differences with cross-lingual data. Ethics Statement We aim to strictly adhere to the AAAI Code of Ethics and Conduct by ensuring that no personal information of Twitter users was collected nor compromised throughout our project. All data in this work are securely stored on servers only accessible by the authors. Our semantic polarization framework is made publicly available on the authors’ GitHub page and can be applied on a variety of textual corpora with diachronic and contrastive properties. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Xiaohan Ding, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: xiaohan@vt.edu); (2) Mike Horning, Department of Communication, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: mhorning@vt.edu); (3) Eugenia H. Rho, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: eugenia@vt.edu ). Authors: Authors: (1) Xiaohan Ding, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: xiaohan@vt.edu); (2) Mike Horning, Department of Communication, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: mhorning@vt.edu); (3) Eugenia H. Rho, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, (e-mail: eugenia@vt.edu ). Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Related Work Related Work Study 1: Evolution of Semantic Polarity in Broadcast Media Language (2010-2020) Study 1: Evolution of Semantic Polarity in Broadcast Media Language (2010-2020) Study 2: Words that Characterize Semantic Polarity between Fox News & CNN in 2020 Study 2: Words that Characterize Semantic Polarity between Fox News & CNN in 2020 Study 3: How Semantic Polarization in Broadcast Media Language Forecasts Semantic Polarity in Social Media Discourse Study 3: How Semantic Polarization in Broadcast Media Language Forecasts Semantic Polarity in Social Media Discourse Discussion and Ethics Statement Discussion and Ethics Statement Appendix and References Appendix and References Discussion The rising levels of semantic polarity between the two major broadcast news organizations, as demonstrated in our work may render people’s ability to reach across partisan divides and to perceive and solve issues democratically more difficult. The way CNN and Fox News discuss identical keywords on their programs is remarkably distinct in 2020 where semantic polarity between the two stations reaches its peak over an 11-year period, corroborating the widening partisan media gap highlighted by recent scholarship. Framing Theory argues that even subtle changes in the wording around how an issue is described by the media can significantly influence how audiences interpret the issue (Scheufele 2000; Entman 2003). Yet, our findings show that the contextual language driving semantic polarization in broadcast media is not nuanced at all. The surrounding words that characterize how each station discusses topically important keywords are drastically different, to the extent that identical words seem to reflect different meanings altogether. This is a crucial point of consideration, as linguistic cues in the media can play a powerful role in selectively reifying certain aspects of the perceived reality of an issue while downplaying others. Our findings suggest that TV news language does not only shape how online audiences perceive issues, but also how they talk about them. In linguistics, collocation is the property of language where two or more words appear in each other’s company with greater than random chance (Hoey 2005), such as “illegal” and “immigrants” in Fox News and “climate change” and “science” from CNN, as shown in our findings. Repeated encounters with collocated words drive what linguists call lexical priming (Hoey 2005), in which a priming word (e.g., ”blacklivesmatter”) provokes a particular target word (“protests” for CNN and “violence” for Fox) more strongly and quickly than disparate words encountered more rarely. In this vein, online audiences who consume very different perceived realities from the media may be lexically primed through repeated exposure to collocated words that frame identical issues in acutely contrasting contexts. This may help theorize why TV news language can shape how online audiences engage in public discourse as demonstrated in this work. Semantic polarization in televised media not only forecasts semantic polarity trends on Twitter, but the words that characterize broadcast media polarization re-appear across Twitter discussions, separated by significant lag months. Our results demonstrate that the language characterizing opposing media narratives around topically similar news events on TV can be linguistically mimicked in how social media users are polarized in their discourse around important social issues. Limitations . Differences in cosine values between contextual word representations stem not only from semantic, but also from positional differences of words in sentences. Although word embeddings generally embody contextual nuances, we acknowledge that our work predominantly considers semantic rather than syntactic aspects, and that to some extent our calculation of semantic polarity could embody syntactic differences in how keywords are discussed. Furthermore, our findings pertain to American political contexts, which might not be generalizable to foreign public discourse and media language. For future work, we aim to apply our model to relevant textual corpora in other languages by incorporating cross-lingual transfer learning methods to better understand the generalizability of our model by comparing distributional differences with cross-lingual data. Limitations Limitations Ethics Statement We aim to strictly adhere to the AAAI Code of Ethics and Conduct by ensuring that no personal information of Twitter users was collected nor compromised throughout our project. All data in this work are securely stored on servers only accessible by the authors. Our semantic polarization framework is made publicly available on the authors’ GitHub page and can be applied on a variety of textual corpora with diachronic and contrastive properties. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Bridging the Partisan Gap: Analyzing Broadcast Media's Role in Political Divide

This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license.
Authors:
(1) Hyerin Cho (조혜린), Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(2) Ben S. Prather, CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
(3) Ramesh Narayan, enter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(4) Priyamvada Natarajan, Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Astronomy, Yale University, Kline Tower, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA and Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
(5) Kung-Yi Su, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(6) Angelo Ricarte, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
(7) Koushik Chatterjee, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Numerical Methods Hydrodynamic Bondi Accretion Magnetized Bondi Accretion Feedback Via Reconnection-Driven Convection Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements Appendix A. GRMHD Primer and Definitions B. Numerical Set-up C. Resolution and Initial Condition Study References ABSTRACT Keywords: Accretion (14), Active galactic nuclei (16), Bondi accretion (174), Schwarzschild black holes (1433), Supermassive black holes (1663), Magnetohydrodynamical simulations (1966) 1. INTRODUCTION Most nearby galaxies are found to harbor central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) whose masses are correlated with properties of the stellar components of their hosts (e.g., Magorrian et al. 1998; Ferrarese & Merritt 2000; Gebhardt et al. 2000; Kormendy & Ho 2013). However, the details of how gas flows into the galactic nucleus from large cosmic distances and how the SMBH in turn imparts feedback into the galaxy remain coupled unresolved problems. Recently, some attempts to connect these disparate scales have been made using nested simulations where each smaller-scale simulation is initialized from the next larger-scale simulation (e.g., Hopkins & Quataert 2010; Ressler et al. 2020; Guo et al. 2023); or by adopting Lagrangian hyper-refinement methods (e.g., Angl´esAlc´azar et al. 2021; Hopkins et al. 2023); or by pushing out the simulation regime to larger scales (e.g., Lalakos et al. 2022; Kaaz et al. 2023). While successful in studying the process of accretion, feedback from the SMBH has not been followed out to galaxy scales in prior work because either the communication between scales is only directed inwards or because of the inability to include the entire galaxy and the black hole. We employ here a multi-zone computational method which represents a first attempt to not only follow accretion flows but also trace feedback across 7 orders of magnitude from the event horizon to galactic scales. With this method, we study purely hydrodynamic Bondi accretion as well as the magnetized Bondi problem. The outline of this Letter is as follows: In Section 2 we give an overview of the numerical scheme that captures a wide dynamic range simultaneously. In Section 3, we present a purely hydrodynamic simulation and test our numerical scheme by comparing against the general relativistic (GR) analytical solution. In Section 4 we include magnetic fields for a more realistic representation of the environment of SMBHs and study how Bondi accretion is modified. We discuss our findings of feedback via convection in Section 5 and summarize conclusions of our study in Section 6. Additional details are presented in a set of short appendices: various GRMHD quantities are defined in Appendix A, the details of the simulation set-up are outlined in Appendix B, and a resolution and initial condition study is presented in Appendix C. This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Hyerin Cho (조혜린), Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (2) Ben S. Prather, CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (3) Ramesh Narayan, enter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (4) Priyamvada Natarajan, Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Astronomy, Yale University, Kline Tower, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA and Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (5) Kung-Yi Su, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (6) Angelo Ricarte, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (7) Koushik Chatterjee, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: Authors: (1) Hyerin Cho (조혜린), Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (2) Ben S. Prather, CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (3) Ramesh Narayan, enter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (4) Priyamvada Natarajan, Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Astronomy, Yale University, Kline Tower, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA and Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (5) Kung-Yi Su, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (6) Angelo Ricarte, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (7) Koushik Chatterjee, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA and Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Table of Links Abstract and Introduction Abstract and Introduction Numerical Methods Numerical Methods Hydrodynamic Bondi Accretion Hydrodynamic Bondi Accretion Magnetized Bondi Accretion Magnetized Bondi Accretion Feedback Via Reconnection-Driven Convection Feedback Via Reconnection-Driven Convection Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Appendix Appendix A. GRMHD Primer and Definitions A. GRMHD Primer and Definitions B. Numerical Set-up B. Numerical Set-up C. Resolution and Initial Condition Study C. Resolution and Initial Condition Study References References ABSTRACT Keywords : Accretion (14), Active galactic nuclei (16), Bondi accretion (174), Schwarzschild black holes (1433), Supermassive black holes (1663), Magnetohydrodynamical simulations (1966) Keywords 1. INTRODUCTION Most nearby galaxies are found to harbor central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) whose masses are correlated with properties of the stellar components of their hosts (e.g., Magorrian et al. 1998; Ferrarese & Merritt 2000; Gebhardt et al. 2000; Kormendy & Ho 2013). However, the details of how gas flows into the galactic nucleus from large cosmic distances and how the SMBH in turn imparts feedback into the galaxy remain coupled unresolved problems. Recently, some attempts to connect these disparate scales have been made using nested simulations where each smaller-scale simulation is initialized from the next larger-scale simulation (e.g., Hopkins & Quataert 2010; Ressler et al. 2020; Guo et al. 2023); or by adopting Lagrangian hyper-refinement methods (e.g., Angl´esAlc´azar et al. 2021; Hopkins et al. 2023); or by pushing out the simulation regime to larger scales (e.g., Lalakos et al. 2022; Kaaz et al. 2023). While successful in studying the process of accretion, feedback from the SMBH has not been followed out to galaxy scales in prior work because either the communication between scales is only directed inwards or because of the inability to include the entire galaxy and the black hole. We employ here a multi-zone computational method which represents a first attempt to not only follow accretion flows but also trace feedback across 7 orders of magnitude from the event horizon to galactic scales. With this method, we study purely hydrodynamic Bondi accretion as well as the magnetized Bondi problem. The outline of this Letter is as follows: In Section 2 we give an overview of the numerical scheme that captures a wide dynamic range simultaneously. In Section 3, we present a purely hydrodynamic simulation and test our numerical scheme by comparing against the general relativistic (GR) analytical solution. In Section 4 we include magnetic fields for a more realistic representation of the environment of SMBHs and study how Bondi accretion is modified. We discuss our findings of feedback via convection in Section 5 and summarize conclusions of our study in Section 6. Additional details are presented in a set of short appendices: various GRMHD quantities are defined in Appendix A, the details of the simulation set-up are outlined in Appendix B, and a resolution and initial condition study is presented in Appendix C. This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on Arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Arxiv

Bridging Scales in Black Hole Accretion and Feedback: Studying Supermassive Black Holes

What are DePINs? Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs) are real-world infrastructures on-chain. In more depth, DePINs offer a community-driven, cost-effective means of scaling projects without relying on traditional, centralized models. They are platforms where organizations and individuals can benefit from higher levels of control over their data and products through decentralized infrastructure. As for the term "DePIN,” this gained prominence in 2023 and continues to grow in mention into 2024. Initially, Web3 was used to reference projects focused on networks (replicating Web2 internet networks, but decentralized) but has since expanded to include all crypto or blockchain work, resulting in the need for this specific terminology. DePIN 101 On a fundamental level, DePINs function as bridges between physical facilities and the blockchain ecosystem. They operate through three main components. These are physical infrastructure controlled by a provider, a middleware connection to the blockchain, and a public ledger. These connections are managed by record-keeping and offering remittances to both the provider and the user.The physical infrastructure could be a smart agriculture system where farmers use IoT (Internet of Things) devices such as soil moisture sensors, weather stations, and crop health monitors to gather data about their fields. The middleware would then relay this information to the blockchain. Then, based on the data provided by the middleware, the blockchain would distribute rewards to the provider and users in the form of tokens. Additionally, for DePINs to operate effectively, four distinct parties must be involved in the network. This includes: Hardware (PRNs & DRNs): a physical component connecting networks to the real world
Hardware operators (Providers): Contributors buying or lending their hardware to the given network
Token: A financial incentive paid out to hardware operators based on data provided by the middleware
Users: DePINs need users who are willing to use and pay for the service The Current DePIN Landscape DePIN projects operate in six core business niches: compute marketplaces, wireless coverage, wholesale data, services marketplaces, energy services, and vertical ad networks. At present, there are several existing projects emerging in all six of these business models, including Filecoin, Helium, Hivemapper, Braintrust, Entheos and Sweatcoin. Out of these six sectors, compute marketplaces are where the most potential is seen, making up the majority of the market capitalization of DePIN crypto projects. Unpacking a DePIN example As we can see from the current DePIN landscape, there are many sectors in which DePINs currently operate. One real-world example that makes sense, at its core, is a decentralized energy grid. The basis for this is that traditional energy grids are often centralized, owned, and operated by utility companies, which can lead to inefficiencies and a lack of flexibility in distribution. Contrastingly, a decentralized energy grid built on blockchain technology could enable peer-to-peer energy trading between consumers and producers. Imagine a scenario where homeowners could sell excess energy to neighbors from their solar panels. This would facilitate more efficient use of renewable energy resources and incentivize individuals and communities to invest in sustainable energy production. By leveraging blockchain and smart contracts, this DePIN could ensure transparent and secure transactions while empowering users to have more control over their energy usage and production. The Flywheel Effect The concept of the flywheel effect is crucial to understanding DePINs potential for network growth and scalability. Unlike traditional models that require massive upfront capital investments, DePINs rely on grassroots efforts and community-driven initiatives to scale. Tokens play their part in these ecosystems by serving as an incentive for the community to contribute to the maintenance of the network. The Flywheel (above) visualizes the different steps involved in this maintenance and also helps to explain how DePIN projects can utilize the flywheel effect to catalyze their network growth.There are several different ways projects can increase the value of their token. For example, a stake-weighted random selection algorithm can be utilized to increase the value of a token, as providers must stake the project's token to get user deal flow. This adds an added incentive for contributors to continue building out the network. Therefore, the native token will increase in price as the network grows, resulting in more rewards for providers and a higher attraction for investors to invest. Fundamentally, this flywheel creates infrastructure networks that get stronger as they get bigger. As explained above, the flywheel effect of DePINs offers an alternative approach to traditional business models that fundamentally makes sense. However, we must consider the obstacles DePINs face in their journey to realizing their potential. The Future of DePINs By leveraging blockchain technology and tokenomics (The Flywheel Effect), DePINs are expected to disrupt existing IoT business models and enable on-chain communities to build innovative decentralized networks and applications. However, some limitations are currently holding DePINs back. There are several architectural considerations for scaling DePIN applications on-chain that need to be addressed if DePINs are going to be the bridge between decentralized technology and the real world. The most significant challenges to overcome are scalability, interoperability, security, and usability issues. The on-chain infrastructure needs to be able to handle a high volume of transactions and data throughput effectively to support the requirements of decentralized physical networks. To then communicate and exchange this data effectively, seamless interoperability with other blockchain networks and traditional systems is required. Robust security mechanisms, including encryption and authentication, are vital to safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring the integrity of DePIN networks. On top of this, DePINs must have systems in place, ensuring the security of external data feeds (oracles) used to verify real-world information and the prevention of Sybil attacks, where malicious actors create fake identities to gain undue influence within the network. A final consideration is that specialized technical knowledge is currently required to participate in a DePIN ecosystem. A more usable interface and intuitive design will be required for further adoption. The future of DePINs relies heavily on collaboration among stakeholders and ongoing technological innovation to address these challenges and unlock their full potential. What are DePINs? What are DePINs? Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs) are real-world infrastructures on-chain. In more depth, DePINs offer a community-driven, cost-effective means of scaling projects without relying on traditional, centralized models. They are platforms where organizations and individuals can benefit from higher levels of control over their data and products through decentralized infrastructure. As for the term "DePIN,” this gained prominence in 2023 and continues to grow in mention into 2024. Initially, Web3 was used to reference projects focused on networks (replicating Web2 internet networks, but decentralized) but has since expanded to include all crypto or blockchain work, resulting in the need for this specific terminology. DePIN 101 DePIN 101 On a fundamental level, DePINs function as bridges between physical facilities and the blockchain ecosystem. They operate through three main components. These are physical infrastructure controlled by a provider, a middleware connection to the blockchain, and a public ledger. These connections are managed by record-keeping and offering remittances to both the provider and the user. The physical infrastructure could be a smart agriculture system where farmers use IoT (Internet of Things) devices such as soil moisture sensors, weather stations, and crop health monitors to gather data about their fields. The middleware would then relay this information to the blockchain. Then, based on the data provided by the middleware, the blockchain would distribute rewards to the provider and users in the form of tokens. Additionally, for DePINs to operate effectively, four distinct parties must be involved in the network. This includes: Hardware (PRNs & DRNs): a physical component connecting networks to the real world Hardware operators (Providers): Contributors buying or lending their hardware to the given network Token: A financial incentive paid out to hardware operators based on data provided by the middleware Users: DePINs need users who are willing to use and pay for the service Hardware (PRNs & DRNs): a physical component connecting networks to the real world Hardware (PRNs & DRNs): Hardware operators (Providers): Contributors buying or lending their hardware to the given network Hardware operators (Providers): Token: A financial incentive paid out to hardware operators based on data provided by the middleware Token: Users: DePINs need users who are willing to use and pay for the service Users: The Current DePIN Landscape The Current DePIN Landscape DePIN projects operate in six core business niches: compute marketplaces, wireless coverage, wholesale data, services marketplaces, energy services, and vertical ad networks. At present, there are several existing projects emerging in all six of these business models, including Filecoin , Helium , Hivemapper , Braintrust , Entheos and Sweatcoin . Filecoin Filecoin Helium Helium Hivemapper Hivemapper Braintrust Braintrust Entheos Entheos Sweatcoin Sweatcoin Out of these six sectors, compute marketplaces are where the most potential is seen, making up the majority of the market capitalization of DePIN crypto projects. Unpacking a DePIN example Unpacking a DePIN example As we can see from the current DePIN landscape, there are many sectors in which DePINs currently operate. One real-world example that makes sense, at its core, is a decentralized energy grid. The basis for this is that traditional energy grids are often centralized, owned, and operated by utility companies, which can lead to inefficiencies and a lack of flexibility in distribution. Contrastingly, a decentralized energy grid built on blockchain technology could enable peer-to-peer energy trading between consumers and producers. Imagine a scenario where homeowners could sell excess energy to neighbors from their solar panels. This would facilitate more efficient use of renewable energy resources and incentivize individuals and communities to invest in sustainable energy production. By leveraging blockchain and smart contracts, this DePIN could ensure transparent and secure transactions while empowering users to have more control over their energy usage and production. The Flywheel Effect The Flywheel Effect The concept of the flywheel effect is crucial to understanding DePINs potential for network growth and scalability. Unlike traditional models that require massive upfront capital investments, DePINs rely on grassroots efforts and community-driven initiatives to scale. Tokens play their part in these ecosystems by serving as an incentive for the community to contribute to the maintenance of the network. The Flywheel (above) visualizes the different steps involved in this maintenance and also helps to explain how DePIN projects can utilize the flywheel effect to catalyze their network growth. There are several different ways projects can increase the value of their token. For example, a stake-weighted random selection algorithm can be utilized to increase the value of a token, as providers must stake the project's token to get user deal flow. This adds an added incentive for contributors to continue building out the network. Therefore, the native token will increase in price as the network grows, resulting in more rewards for providers and a higher attraction for investors to invest. Fundamentally, this flywheel creates infrastructure networks that get stronger as they get bigger. As explained above, the flywheel effect of DePINs offers an alternative approach to traditional business models that fundamentally makes sense. However, we must consider the obstacles DePINs face in their journey to realizing their potential. The Future of DePINs The Future of DePINs By leveraging blockchain technology and tokenomics (The Flywheel Effect), DePINs are expected to disrupt existing IoT business models and enable on-chain communities to build innovative decentralized networks and applications. However, some limitations are currently holding DePINs back. There are several architectural considerations for scaling DePIN applications on-chain that need to be addressed if DePINs are going to be the bridge between decentralized technology and the real world. The most significant challenges to overcome are scalability, interoperability, security, and usability issues. The on-chain infrastructure needs to be able to handle a high volume of transactions and data throughput effectively to support the requirements of decentralized physical networks. To then communicate and exchange this data effectively, seamless interoperability with other blockchain networks and traditional systems is required. Robust security mechanisms, including encryption and authentication, are vital to safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring the integrity of DePIN networks. On top of this, DePINs must have systems in place, ensuring the security of external data feeds (oracles) used to verify real-world information and the prevention of Sybil attacks, where malicious actors create fake identities to gain undue influence within the network. A final consideration is that specialized technical knowledge is currently required to participate in a DePIN ecosystem. A more usable interface and intuitive design will be required for further adoption. The future of DePINs relies heavily on collaboration among stakeholders and ongoing technological innovation to address these challenges and unlock their full potential.

Demystifying DePINs and More: Bridging Real-World Infrastructure

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