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Authors:
(1) Vinod S. Khandkar and Manjesh K. Hanawal, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India and {vinod.khandkar, mhanawal}@iitb.ac.in. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Related Work and Background Challenges in TD Detection Measurement Setup Development Case Study : Wehe - TD Detection Tool for Mobile Environment Shortcoming of Wehe on HTTPS Traffic TD Detection of HTTPS Traffic Conclusion & References VII. CONCLUSION Net neutrality violation detection is a need of an hour. As many of the ISPs are also content providers these days, they compete with each other, which can lead to one deliberately discriminating the services of the other to gain market share. However, users should have the freedom to choose services as per their wishes. Our work considered various challenges in the detection of traffic discrimination in HTTPS traffic. As a case study, we validated Wehe, one of the latest tools available to detect traffic differentiation. The described challenges helped us divide the entire tool into multiple interdependent components and validate them independently. Our validation using commercial traffic shaper revealed that traffic in Wehe setup may not mimic the characteristics of HTTPS traffic accessed from the original servers. Hence, middle-boxes may not subject them to intended discrimination. Thus, Wehe may not detect discrimination of HTTPS traffic. Our new method that uses the appropriate SNI parameter value in the initial TLS handshake message overcomes this shortcoming. Hence our work provided a mechanism to detect a wide range of possible discriminations on the Internet. REFERENCES [1] T. Garrett, L. E. Setenareski, L. M. Peres, L. C. E. Bona, and E. P. Duarte, “Monitoring network neutrality: A survey on traffic differentiation detection,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2486–2517, 2018. [2] V. Nguyen, D. Mohammed, M. Omar, and P. Dean, “Net neutrality around the globe: A survey,” in 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT), 2020, pp. 480–488. [3] Ramneek, P. Hosein, W. Choi, and W. Seok, “Detecting network neutrality violations through packet loss statistics,” in 2015 17th AsiaPacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), 2015, pp. 404–407. [4] D. Li, F. Tian, M. Zhu, L. Wang, and L. Sun, “A novel framework for analysis of global network neutrality based on packet loss rate,” in 2015 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data (CCBD), 2015, pp. 297–304. [5] M. Dischinger, A. Mislove, A. Haeberlen, and K. P. Gummadi, “Detecting bittorrent blocking,” in Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Oct. 2008, pp. 3–8. [6] M. B. Tariq, M. Motiwala, N. Feamster, and M. Ammar, “Detecting network neutrality violations with causal inference,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, ser. CoNEXT ’09. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2009, p. 289–300. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/1658939.1658972 [7] R. Ravaioli, G. Urvoy-Keller, and C. Barakat, “Towards a general solution for detecting traffic differentiation at the internet access,” in 2015 27th International Teletraffic Congress, Sep. 2015, pp. 1–9. [8] Y. Zhang, Z. M. Mao, and M. Zhang, “Detecting traffic differentiation in backbone isps with netpolice,” in Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, ser. IMC ’09. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 103–115. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1644893.1644905 [9] P. Kanuparthy and C. Dovrolis, “Shaperprobe: End-to-end detection of isp traffic shaping using active methods,” in Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, Nov. 2011, pp. 473–482. [10] U. Weinsberg, A. Soule, and L. Massoulie, “Inferring traffic shaping and policy parameters using end host measurements,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2011. [11] M. Dischinger, M. Marcon, S. Guha, K. Gummadi, R. Mahajan, and S. Saroiu, “Glasnost: Enabling end users to detect traffic differentiation,” in 7th USENIX Conf. Networked Systems Design and Implementation, Apr. 2010, pp. 27–27. [12] V. Bashko, N. Melnikov, A. Sehgal, and J. Schonw ¨ alder, “Bonafide: A ¨ traffic shaping detection tool for mobile networks,” in 2013 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2013), 2013, pp. 328–335. [13] A. Molavi Kakhki, A. Razaghpanah, A. Li, H. Koo, R. Golani, D. Choffnes, P. Gill, and A. Mislove, “Identifying traffic differentiation in mobile networks,” in Proceedings of the 2015 Internet Measurement Conference, Oct. 2015, pp. 239–251. [14] R. Narisetty and D. Gurkan, “Identification of network measurement challenges in openflow-based service chaining,” in 39th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops, 2014, pp. 663– 670. [15] E. Balestrieri, L. De Vito, F. Lamonaca, F. Picariello, S. Rapuano, and I. Tudosa, “Research challenges in measurement for internet of things systems,” ACTA IMEKO, vol. 7, p. 82, 01 2019. [16] E. Karoly. (2000, Feb.) Qos performance validation in real life scenarios. [Online]. Available: http://archive.opengroup.org/tech/qos/ conference/q101/karoly.pdf [17] S. Molnar, P. Megyesi, and G. Szab ´ o, “How to validate traffic gen- ´ erators?” in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), 2013, pp. 1340–1344. [18] G. Lu, Y. Chen, S. Birrer, F. E. Bustamante, C. Y. Cheung, and X. Li, “End-to-end inference of router packet forwarding priority,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2007, pp. 1784–1792. [19] R. Mahajan, M. Zhang, L. Poole, and V. Pai, “Uncovering performance differences among backbone isps with netdiff,” in Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, 2008, pp. 205–218. [20] (2008, Jun.) Ookla, measuring and understanding broadband : Speed, quality and application. [Online]. Available: https://www.ookla.com/ docs/UnderstandingBroadbandMeasurement.pdf [21] V. S. Khandkar and M. K. Hanawal, “Detection of traffic discrimination in the internet,” in 2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems NETworkS (COMSNETS), 2020, pp. 677–679. [22] Tcpreplay: Pcap editing and replay tools for *nix. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/appneta/tcpreplay [23] W. Cui, V. Paxson, N. Weaver, and R. Katz, “Protocol-independent adaptive replay of application dialog,” in 13th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), Feb. 2006, pp. 27–27. [24] R. T. El-Maghraby, N. M. Abd Elazim, and A. M. Bahaa-Eldin, “A survey on deep packet inspection,” in 2017 12th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES), 2017, pp. 188–197. [25] M. AlSabah, K. Bauer, and I. Goldberg, “Enhancing tor’s performance using real-time traffic classification,” in Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ser. CCS ’12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2012, p. 73–84. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382208 [26] Z. Hu, L. Zhu, J. Heidemann, A. Mankin, D. Wessels, and P. Hoffman, “The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3,” Internet Requests for Comments, IETF, RFC 7858, August 2018. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/pdf/rfc8446.pdf [27] C. Zhou, C. Lin, and Z. Guo, “mdash: A markov decision-based rate adaptation approach for dynamic http streaming,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 738–751, Apr. 2016. [28] T. Joe, L. Eliot, M. Allison, K. Markku, O. Kumiko, S. Martin, E. Lars, M. Alexey, E. Wes, Z. Alexander, T. Brian, I. Jana, M. Allison, T. Michael, K. Eddie, and N. Yoshifumi. (2020, Sept) Service name and transport protocol port number registry. [Online]. Available: https://www.iana.org/assignments/ service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml [29] G. Keinan. (2018, January) Optimizing enterprise networks through sd-avc (software define application visibility and control). [Online]. Available: https://www.ciscolive.com/c/dam/r/ciscolive/emea/docs/2018/ pdf/BRKCRS-2502.pdf [30] A. Rao, J. Sherry, A. Legout, A. Krishnamurthy, W. Dabbous, and D. Choffnes, “Meddle: middleboxes for increased transparency and control of mobile traffic,” in CoNEXT Student Workshop, ACM, 12 2012, pp. 65–66. [31] R. Liu and X. Yu, “A survey on encrypted traffic identification,” in Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyberspace Innovation of Advanced Technologies, ser. CIAT 2020. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020, p. 159–163. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3444370.3444564 [32] F. Li, A. A. Niaki, D. Choffnes, P. Gill, and A. Mislove, “A large-scale analysis of deployed traffic differentiation practices,” in Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, ser. SIGCOMM ’19. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, p. 130–144. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3341302.3342092 [33] P. Srisuresh and K. Egevang, “Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT),” Internet Requests for Comments, IETF, RFC 3022, Jan 2001. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/pdf/rfc3022.pdf This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Vinod S. Khandkar and Manjesh K. Hanawal, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India and {vinod.khandkar, mhanawal}@iitb.ac.in. Authors: Authors: (1) Vinod S. Khandkar and Manjesh K. Hanawal, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India and {vinod.khandkar, mhanawal}@iitb.ac.in. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Abstract & Introduction Related Work and Background Related Work and Background Challenges in TD Detection Measurement Setup Development Challenges in TD Detection Measurement Setup Development Case Study : Wehe - TD Detection Tool for Mobile Environment Case Study : Wehe - TD Detection Tool for Mobile Environment Shortcoming of Wehe on HTTPS Traffic Shortcoming of Wehe on HTTPS Traffic TD Detection of HTTPS Traffic TD Detection of HTTPS Traffic Conclusion & References Conclusion & References VII. CONCLUSION Net neutrality violation detection is a need of an hour. As many of the ISPs are also content providers these days, they compete with each other, which can lead to one deliberately discriminating the services of the other to gain market share. However, users should have the freedom to choose services as per their wishes. Our work considered various challenges in the detection of traffic discrimination in HTTPS traffic. As a case study, we validated Wehe, one of the latest tools available to detect traffic differentiation. The described challenges helped us divide the entire tool into multiple interdependent components and validate them independently. Our validation using commercial traffic shaper revealed that traffic in Wehe setup may not mimic the characteristics of HTTPS traffic accessed from the original servers. Hence, middle-boxes may not subject them to intended discrimination. Thus, Wehe may not detect discrimination of HTTPS traffic. Our new method that uses the appropriate SNI parameter value in the initial TLS handshake message overcomes this shortcoming. Hence our work provided a mechanism to detect a wide range of possible discriminations on the Internet. REFERENCES [1] T. Garrett, L. E. Setenareski, L. M. Peres, L. C. E. Bona, and E. P. Duarte, “Monitoring network neutrality: A survey on traffic differentiation detection,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2486–2517, 2018. [2] V. Nguyen, D. Mohammed, M. Omar, and P. Dean, “Net neutrality around the globe: A survey,” in 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT), 2020, pp. 480–488. [3] Ramneek, P. Hosein, W. Choi, and W. Seok, “Detecting network neutrality violations through packet loss statistics,” in 2015 17th AsiaPacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS), 2015, pp. 404–407. [4] D. Li, F. Tian, M. Zhu, L. Wang, and L. Sun, “A novel framework for analysis of global network neutrality based on packet loss rate,” in 2015 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data (CCBD), 2015, pp. 297–304. [5] M. Dischinger, A. Mislove, A. Haeberlen, and K. P. Gummadi, “Detecting bittorrent blocking,” in Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, Oct. 2008, pp. 3–8. [6] M. B. Tariq, M. Motiwala, N. Feamster, and M. Ammar, “Detecting network neutrality violations with causal inference,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, ser. CoNEXT ’09. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2009, p. 289–300. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/1658939.1658972 [7] R. Ravaioli, G. Urvoy-Keller, and C. Barakat, “Towards a general solution for detecting traffic differentiation at the internet access,” in 2015 27th International Teletraffic Congress, Sep. 2015, pp. 1–9. [8] Y. Zhang, Z. M. Mao, and M. Zhang, “Detecting traffic differentiation in backbone isps with netpolice,” in Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement, ser. IMC ’09. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 103–115. [Online]. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1644893.1644905 [9] P. Kanuparthy and C. Dovrolis, “Shaperprobe: End-to-end detection of isp traffic shaping using active methods,” in Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, Nov. 2011, pp. 473–482. [10] U. Weinsberg, A. Soule, and L. Massoulie, “Inferring traffic shaping and policy parameters using end host measurements,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2011. [11] M. Dischinger, M. Marcon, S. Guha, K. Gummadi, R. Mahajan, and S. Saroiu, “Glasnost: Enabling end users to detect traffic differentiation,” in 7th USENIX Conf. Networked Systems Design and Implementation, Apr. 2010, pp. 27–27. [12] V. Bashko, N. Melnikov, A. Sehgal, and J. Schonw ¨ alder, “Bonafide: A ¨ traffic shaping detection tool for mobile networks,” in 2013 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2013), 2013, pp. 328–335. [13] A. Molavi Kakhki, A. Razaghpanah, A. Li, H. Koo, R. Golani, D. Choffnes, P. Gill, and A. Mislove, “Identifying traffic differentiation in mobile networks,” in Proceedings of the 2015 Internet Measurement Conference, Oct. 2015, pp. 239–251. [14] R. Narisetty and D. Gurkan, “Identification of network measurement challenges in openflow-based service chaining,” in 39th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops, 2014, pp. 663– 670. [15] E. Balestrieri, L. De Vito, F. Lamonaca, F. Picariello, S. Rapuano, and I. Tudosa, “Research challenges in measurement for internet of things systems,” ACTA IMEKO, vol. 7, p. 82, 01 2019. [16] E. Karoly. (2000, Feb.) Qos performance validation in real life scenarios. [Online]. Available: http://archive.opengroup.org/tech/qos/ conference/q101/karoly.pdf [17] S. Molnar, P. Megyesi, and G. Szab ´ o, “How to validate traffic gen- ´ erators?” in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), 2013, pp. 1340–1344. [18] G. Lu, Y. Chen, S. Birrer, F. E. Bustamante, C. Y. Cheung, and X. Li, “End-to-end inference of router packet forwarding priority,” in IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2007, pp. 1784–1792. [19] R. Mahajan, M. Zhang, L. Poole, and V. Pai, “Uncovering performance differences among backbone isps with netdiff,” in Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, 2008, pp. 205–218. [20] (2008, Jun.) Ookla, measuring and understanding broadband : Speed, quality and application. [Online]. Available: https://www.ookla.com/ docs/UnderstandingBroadbandMeasurement.pdf [21] V. S. Khandkar and M. K. Hanawal, “Detection of traffic discrimination in the internet,” in 2020 International Conference on COMmunication Systems NETworkS (COMSNETS), 2020, pp. 677–679. [22] Tcpreplay: Pcap editing and replay tools for *nix. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/appneta/tcpreplay [23] W. Cui, V. Paxson, N. Weaver, and R. Katz, “Protocol-independent adaptive replay of application dialog,” in 13th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), Feb. 2006, pp. 27–27. [24] R. T. El-Maghraby, N. M. Abd Elazim, and A. M. Bahaa-Eldin, “A survey on deep packet inspection,” in 2017 12th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES), 2017, pp. 188–197. [25] M. AlSabah, K. Bauer, and I. Goldberg, “Enhancing tor’s performance using real-time traffic classification,” in Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, ser. CCS ’12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2012, p. 73–84. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382208 [26] Z. Hu, L. Zhu, J. Heidemann, A. Mankin, D. Wessels, and P. Hoffman, “The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3,” Internet Requests for Comments, IETF, RFC 7858, August 2018. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/pdf/rfc8446.pdf [27] C. Zhou, C. Lin, and Z. Guo, “mdash: A markov decision-based rate adaptation approach for dynamic http streaming,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 738–751, Apr. 2016. [28] T. Joe, L. Eliot, M. Allison, K. Markku, O. Kumiko, S. Martin, E. Lars, M. Alexey, E. Wes, Z. Alexander, T. Brian, I. Jana, M. Allison, T. Michael, K. Eddie, and N. Yoshifumi. (2020, Sept) Service name and transport protocol port number registry. [Online]. Available: https://www.iana.org/assignments/ service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml [29] G. Keinan. (2018, January) Optimizing enterprise networks through sd-avc (software define application visibility and control). [Online]. Available: https://www.ciscolive.com/c/dam/r/ciscolive/emea/docs/2018/ pdf/BRKCRS-2502.pdf [30] A. Rao, J. Sherry, A. Legout, A. Krishnamurthy, W. Dabbous, and D. Choffnes, “Meddle: middleboxes for increased transparency and control of mobile traffic,” in CoNEXT Student Workshop, ACM, 12 2012, pp. 65–66. [31] R. Liu and X. Yu, “A survey on encrypted traffic identification,” in Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Cyberspace Innovation of Advanced Technologies, ser. CIAT 2020. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020, p. 159–163. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3444370.3444564 [32] F. Li, A. A. Niaki, D. Choffnes, P. Gill, and A. Mislove, “A large-scale analysis of deployed traffic differentiation practices,” in Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, ser. SIGCOMM ’19. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019, p. 130–144. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3341302.3342092 [33] P. Srisuresh and K. Egevang, “Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT),” Internet Requests for Comments, IETF, RFC 3022, Jan 2001. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/pdf/rfc3022.pdf This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Ensuring Fair Internet Access: Challenges and Solutions in Traffic Discrimination Detection

As an open-source enthusiast, I am always interested in the functioning of the open-source ecosystem and the public distribution of software. I recently attended MumbaiFOSS, a conference organized by FOSS United and FOSSEE to promote Free and Open Source Software in Mumbai. The FOSSMumbai conference happened yesterday on the 11th of March 2023, at IIT Bombay. In this blog, I share my experiences and takeaways from the conference, including informative talks on building reliable APIs, digital personal data protection, public policies, and the importance of open-source beyond just yearly programs and swag. About MumbaiFOSS is a collective effort of FOSS United and FOSSEE to revive the spirit of Free and Open source software in Mumbai. MumbaiFOSS is a non-profit foundation that promotes a ecosystem in India. It offers funding and grants to FOSS projects, organizes events to empower open-source developers, and hosts a not-for-profit learning platform . FOSS United Free and Open Source Software Mon School The , or simply , is a project pioneered in IIT Bombay that promotes using Free and Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) in academics and research. It conducts a plethora of activities to improve education and research quality. Free/Libre and Open Source Software for Education FOSSEE Foss United partnered with FOSSEE to bring together developers, policymakers, and open-source enthusiasts for a conference. MumbaiFOSS was about FOSS (of course!), its issues and trends, and FOSS policies. This was a complete package of happiness for someone who has just scratched the surface of the open-source monolith. Prologue My two college mates accompanied me, coincidentally having the same name - Pratik. The journey from the main gate to the VMCC auditorium felt like a lifetime, but we arrived on time. We were welcomed with a yummy breakfast until the conference started. I expected at least 100 people to be present, but to my surprise, the numbers were relatively low, though satisfactory. Traveling in Mumbai on early morning weekends has the power to change people's desires. The Conference, in Brief Vishal Arya, the swiss army knife of FOSS United, and Riya Mathew, community manager of FOSS United, made the opening note. They told us the story behind FOSS United, the purpose of MumbaiFOSS, and their journey from the beginning. Before the opening note, Prof. Kannan Moudgalaya of IIT Bombay gave an overview of FOSSEE, Spoken tutorials, and projects FOSSEE promotes. Apart from this, we had nine talks, one-panel discussion, and one open discussion throughout the day. From informative talks on building reliable APIs and digital personal data protection to a fireside chat on tech policy, this conference offered a complete package of happiness for anyone interested in the open-source monolith. Read on to discover more about MumbaiFOSS and the importance of open-source beyond just yearly programs and swag. Building Reliable APIs with Apache APISIX by Navendu Pottekkat by Ravi Dwivedi and Arun Mathai Prav: a community-owned chat app by Sumanto Kar and Nagesh Karmali eSim developed by FOSSEE by Amogh Lele Demystifying WebRTC by Ashish Sahni Data Fabric by Poruri Sai Rahul Let's discuss the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 by Bhavesh Bhatt Transforming Web Apps with Machine Learning by Venkatesh Hariharan FOSS United's Public Policy Initiatives by Kaustubh Maske Patil Self Hosting 101 - Reasons to self-host and nifty tools - a panel discussion between Vaishnavi, Manish, Saurav, Ashish, Dhiraj, Rohit, and Anas Khan Open Source: Supporting, Contributing, and Evangelising by Kailash Nadh and Venkatesh Hariharan Fireside chat: Why engineers should care about tech policy? Venky's talk on FOSS United's Public Policy Initiatives was my favorite. Hearing him talk about his experience, with interesting stories and analogies, was indeed insightful. Fireside Chat This was the main event of the conference. It was a half an hour discussion between Kailash Nadh, Rishabh Rushabh Mehta, and Venkatesh Hariharan. The discussion was mainly focused on new tech policies and our stand on them. How tech policies are changing, why we should care about it, how politicians and political agendas shape these policies, and how we can take steps towards making an impact were a few things that were discussed. It's important to have more technologists involved in public policies than lawyers. And, I Met Kailash Nadh! Kailash Nadh has been CTO of Zerodha since 2013. I was fascinated when I read that Zerodha's engineering team only comprises 33 people, and nobody has left the team in all these years for better opportunities. Damn, I was excited to meet this man! As everybody started leaving the auditorium after the conference, I saw him talking to Rushabh and a few team members. I went there and asked him for a photo together, and he gently agreed. I couldn't stop but express my admiration towards his work at Zerodha and how much I admire his startup. He thanked me, and I went on cloud nine. Afterthoughts Open source is a lot more than I used to think. It is beyond a few yearly open-source programs, goodies/swags, and adding certificates on LinkedIn. It is beyond contributing to projects backed by large corporations and projects that enhance developer/web experience. It is also about being free from proprietary software, empowering and encouraging the government and societies to use FOSS, reaching more students, educating them, and many more. MumbaiFOSS was the first conference I attended. And it was absolutely fantastic! Everything was planned and managed so well that I couldn't find any issues to rant on. And the food was tasty, too! Kudos to the operations and management team for pulling it off so well. Epilogue I plan to attend more such conferences. I searched for some while going back home, and I might go there if everything aligns well. Of course, I will update you all! I am most active on , where I post such updates. Twitter You can also subscribe to my E-mail newsletter to have my next blog in your inbox! Until then, keep contributing! 🌿 Also published here

MumbaiFOSS: My Experience, Thoughts, and Opinions

In 2021, the global economy was recovering and adapting to the new reality. Some directions, like air carriers, were coming back to the game very slowly; technology companies, on the other hand, showed high growth rates. The companies from the Nasdaq 100 list, FAANG (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google), vaccine developers, IT, and e-commerce are still on the fast track. On the one hand, the return to the usual way of life depends on them, on the other, the transition to a new stage of economic evolution. Next year they will continue to give, maybe not the highest, but stable dividends. However, a few more interesting points for investment have been added. I would like to break them down for you. 1. Metal trends Although gold remains the king of metals, I will tell you about those that have raised a lot of demand in recent years. These are lithium, aluminum, and magnesium. Lithium carbonate is the cheapest and easiest source for the production of Li-ion batteries. The prices of lithium compounds are breaking records in the entire history and continue to rise. Manufacturers of batteries for machinery and vehicles require more and more raw materials. This year, the global industry has of lithium carbonate. According to forecasts, by 2030 this figure will grow to 1.8 million tons. The extraction of lithium is a complex and time-consuming process. This explains its deficit and the rise in prices for its compounds. Recently, analysts at the consulting company Evercore the beginning of the "lithium decade" and advised investors to invest in this metal. used 430,000 tons announced Prices for aluminum and magnesium skyrocketed as well. Most of all — because of the situation in China. The production of both metals requires huge electricity costs, and after the flooding in Shaanxi province, the energy crisis in the country. On the other hand, before the 2022 Winter Olympics, the Celestial Empire continues to struggle with harmful emissions and set quotas for industry, which limits production. worsened Therefore, aluminum showed a 13-year high, from $2000 per ton in January to $3160 in October. Wood Mackenzie consulting company that the situation in China has led to a 7% reduction in annual aluminum production. jumping reports Metal imports to China are , as is the demand of the world economy. Statista that the aluminum market will grow 2.6% per year and will reach 78.4 million tonnes by 2029. And Goldman Sachs that by 2023 the price of aluminum will reach $3250 per ton, and by 2025 — up to $3500. growing predicts claims Magnesium deficiency in the world, is also produced by China, is leading to a severe crisis in the automotive industry. Magnesium is required for the production of light and ultra-light alloys. 87% of which Until recently, of the country's magnesium was smelted in Shaanxi. This September, 35 of the 50 factories in the province shut down. It is no surprise that the metal jumped in price from $2,000 per ton at the beginning of the year to $10,000 in September. Due to that, the European Automobile Manufacturers Association has even . 60% warned against catastrophic impact The situation seems to be stable for now. Chinese factories resumed production in October and the price of magnesium to $5,500 per ton. Warren Buffett would recommend investing in this sector immediately. Moreover, according to the CRU Group , due to the dominance of China in the segment, magnesium deficiency will remain. dropped forecast 2. Semiconductors Last year, the capitalization of the semiconductor segment amounted to $426 billion, and by 2028 it will to $803 billion. The main growth factor is the soaring demand for microchips based on semiconductors. And so far it can not be completely satisfied: either the automotive sector or the production of gaming and household appliances complain about disruptions in supplies and production. increase Almost everything related to semiconductors is profitable. The exception is Intel, which temporarily dropped out of the microprocessor race after a change of leadership and got stuck in 10nm technology. In addition, since 2020, Apple has been transferring its desktops and laptops from Intel chips to its own developments. AMD, for example, is already working hard on 7nm technology. AMD shares started from $92 at the beginning of the year and rose to $157 by the end. Tesla cars and Sony PlayStation consoles are equipped with AMD chips. They are also used for Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Meta Oculus services. But Intel isn't giving up. As the Nikkei Asian Review this summer, by the end of 2022, the company may immediately step into the 3nm era in cooperation with the largest Taiwanese manufacturer TSMC. However, Apple is also starting such cooperation at the same time. reported 3. Small cap companies It’s quite simple: it is more difficult for a large company to grow, and your dividends from long-term investments in large business will be less compared to investments in a promising, but small company. For example, the 2021 edition study says that if you invested in a high-cap company in early 1926 and reinvested all dividends by the end of 2020, you would earn 10% per annum. Each dollar invested back then would turn into $11,000. Stocks, Bonds, Bills, and Inflation But if under the same conditions, you were to invest in a small-cap company, then every dollar would turn into $42,000. By comparison, corporate bonds would yield only $300. Factoring out inflation. Getting back to our reality, remember: at the end of February 2020, the shares of many technology companies went down dramatically, but after a month they began to rise again. For the rest of 2020 and throughout 2021, Nasdaq top positions have grown by leaps and bounds. For example, Alphabet shares have grown from $1,100 to $2,900 since early April 2020. Most investors still continue to invest in large companies, but will soon switch to other indices. The most attractive small caps are monitored by several indices, the main ones being the and . S&P SmallCap 600 Russell 2000 In early November, both indices climbed to record highs and are likely to continue to rise, as the overwhelming demand for shares in large projects has remained neglected. They are still cheap in an overheated market. Zacks Investment Research this sector to grow in the next year as the US economy recovers. predicts 4. India It looks like next year the interest of international investment companies will be riveted on India. Morgan Stanley a strong recovery in the Indian economy and 7% GDP growth over the next four years. predicts Initially, Indian stock markets have outperformed other emerging markets over the past year and a half. Morgan Stanley that after India is included in the global bond indices, the Bombay Stock Exchange will begin to grow even faster. This rate will reach 16% by December 2022. believes Next, while in other jurisdictions, such as the United States and China, the topic of raising corporate taxes is really hot, the Indian government, concerned about GDP growth, is taking measures to stimulate corporate profits. And last but not least, the pandemic had a positive impact on the country's export potential, in particular, on the software outsourcing market. 5. Bitcoin The Collins English Dictionary, published by one of the world's largest companies, HarperCollins Publishers, NFT as 2021 word. named Blockchain is here to stay with us for a long time. Like its most famous project — bitcoin, which is the top cryptocurrency because it is the first, and the rest of the crypto appeared later. Conventionally, you can invest in modern hypercars, but the most expensive car still the 1963 Ferrari 250 GTO worth $70 million this year. remains Despite criticism, the price of bitcoin is constantly growing: having reached a capitalization of $ 1trillion, it is among the , with giants like Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Saudi Aramco, Amazon, and Tesla. In 2021, its rate increased by 50%. top 7 most expensive projects Of course, Bitcoin has problems. Firstly, it is not the most advanced protocol in terms of code. Secondly, Bitcoin still exists, parallel to the modern financial system, and this situation is changing very slowly. Third, it remains a high-risk asset. However, top crypto assets are gradually taking over the role of an alternative store of value. Among the owners of Bitcoin are Tesla founder Elon Musk, PayPal founder Peter Thiel, investment bank Morgan Stanley, TIME magazine. My advice is still the same, that is - to invest as much as you don't mind losing. Do not engage in synchronized jumps with sharp market fluctuations, but be ready to play long and feel periodic anxiety of your nervous system.

Investment Areas for 2022: Lithium, Small Businesses, India, and More

How to Raise VC Financing for Your Video Game Startup

The significance of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) has increased by much in technology in recent years. It has gone to a point where they are helping businesses gain an advantage over their competitors. With the ever-increasing volumes of data generated each day, it becomes essential to process it in real-time. This is where AIML comes into the picture as the technology can help process and analyze volumes of data within minutes. The relevance of IoT devices, too, has been on the rise. More and more people are making use of cloud storage, wearables, sensor-enabled devices, and other IoT devices. AI and ML have thus occupied a large chunk of technological developments in the past few years. The growth of AI has also prompted premium Edu-Techs like to nurture the upcoming talent that meets the demands of the industry. Great Learning Through an industry-relevant curriculum, they are creating a talent pool that will be ready to meet the challenges and help the industry grow. It gives aspiring IT professionals a solid foundation to boost their career prospects by learning AI and ML. Both technologies are bringing about a significant transformation in the digital space through continuous innovation. As technology continues to grow, it presents the best opportunity for IT professionals to advance their career in AI and ML. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the different applications of technology, the latest trends, its future, and how you can get started to learn artificial intelligence & machine learning . Real-Time Application of AI and ML with examples AI and ML have revolutionized the way we look at technology. Here are some examples of their applications. Most banks have adopted AI-based systems for detecting discrepancies, providing customer support, and identifying frauds. Chatbots are a common example of customer service that helps answer millions of queries without the need for human intervention. 1. Banking : The system only evolves as it learns from the data it gets on a regular basis. With the help of endpoint access and card usage, it has become possible to prevent fraudulent transactions. Deep learning is another technology that helps detect fraudulent transaction patterns by studying the behaviors of transactions. Gone are the days when hacking banking systems did not take much effort for hackers. The added layers of security has only made it difficult for them to continue with their deceitful work. When it comes to trading, a lot depends on how one can predict the future correctly. By training machines to observe patterns in historical data and how they can repeat in the future, it is possible to identify future market patterns. 2. Finance : Many financial organizations are adopting AI to boost their stock trading performance for better profits. By storing price and trading data, it becomes possible to identify current market conditions in comparison to what was the situation a few weeks back. It helps in accurately predicting the change in the prices of shares. Product recommendations based on the usage pattern of a user is one of the best examples of the use of AI and ML in marketing. Most OTT and entertainment platforms have such systems in place where you get recommendations based on your browsing history and usage pattern. 3. Marketing : It is simplifying the lives of users in many ways as they would get recommendations to consume content according to their liking. As technology advances, it is also likely that you would be able to buy anything online by uploading a picture of it. Healthcare organizations and professionals are making increased use of artificial intelligence in the medical field to innovate. The quest to find a cure for the dreaded disease cancer with the help of AI has been one of the most talked-about projects in recent years. 4. Healthcare : Similarly, support systems got developed to give doctors a warning of patients who have the risk of heart strokes. One of the biggest benefits of AI and ML in healthcare is you do not need new medications. By making use of technology and existing medication, it is possible to save a lot of lives. During the current coronavirus pandemic, we have already seen how robots have replaced human nurses in some hospitals around the world. It has helped reduce human intervention and also safeguarding the lives of crucial health workers. The rise of social media in recent times has been phenomenal, which has also led to a tremendous increase in the amount of data that gets generated each day. There are numerous messages, posts, videos and photos that people share with each other daily. Facebook is making use of AI for face verification and ML and deep learning for detecting facial features. 5. Social Media : The feed also gets enhanced based on a user’s preferences with the help of ML algorithms. Twitter is also using AI, ML, NLP (natural language processing) and deep learning to identify offensive content and hate speech. Latest Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Trends As the technology continues to grow, we are also witnessing newer trends. Here are some latest ML and AI trends. Many organizations are taking the help of AI companies to automate their legacy business processes. With the coronavirus pandemic, it has only further accelerated the process in order to digitize the systems for intelligent use. AI and ML, along with robotic process automation tools, help in hyper-automation. Hyper-Automation : It also calls for the processes to remain flexible to adverse situations. It is in such cases, AI, ML, and deep learning come handy. They help the system to adjust itself and respond to changing requirements and business processes. Cybersecurity is an upcoming field that is making use of AI and ML technology. Whether it is for personal or business security, AI and ML are aiding the development of useful software. With the evolving technology, the risks of cyberattacks, ransomware and malware are at an all-time high. Cyber Security : It has led to cybersecurity developers to make use of AI and ML to identify threats and overcome them. AI algorithms are beneficial in identifying patterns from historic data to prevent system and data breach. Just like AI and ML, IoT has grown fast in recent times and is only expected to continue that steady growth in the coming years. AI and ML are complementing IoT for better and more secure devices that meet all the safety standards. AI and ML also benefit from IoT sensors and devices that offer a large amount of data. IoT : AI systems can use operational and performance data in industries to improve the system performance, efficiency and maintenance schedules. IT giants like Amazon, Microsoft, and IBM have announced that they would limit the use of facial recognition systems by police departments because of the fight against racism in recent times. It gave rise to questions surrounding the ethical use of technology. Ethics : The threat of deep fake misinformation and cyberattacks always exists. There is also a concern about the increasing usage of AI by government and federal agencies for surveillance. Similarly, there is a concern about businesses using AI widely for marketing purposes. Future of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning in USA According to a , the global AI market will continue to grow because of the increasing use of cloud-based applications. Connected devices and their increased usage will also contribute to the growth of AI and ML. report The projected global AI market size could be USD 202.57 billion by 2026. It is almost a ten-fold jump as compared to 2018, where the market size was USD 20.67 billion. AI and ML have contributed a lot to the digital disruption we are witnessing in recent times. Most sectors today are making wide use of these technologies to automate their businesses and gain a competitive advantage in the market. It has also led to a widespread belief that AI will steal jobs. However, being far from the truth, technology is contributing to the job pool. Experts in the field have already identified new AI jobs in the existing and emerging industries. According to a WEF (World Economic Forum) report, AI careers will only get better in the coming future. Out of every 10,000 opportunities, there are 78 related to AI and ML in today’s times. The number will increase from 78 to 123 by 2022. USA will continue to remain one of the major markets for AI & ML. States like New York, California, and Texas have the most jobs according to the search results of Indeed. California has the maximum number of jobs for AI and ML professionals, which is understandable because of the presence of most IT giants. It is followed by other states like San Francisco, Santa Clara, Virginia, and Arlington. The other prominent states in the list of top 10 states with maximum AI and ML jobs are Washington and Massachusetts. Just like many other remote opportunities for IT professionals, there are several such roles for AI and ML professionals as well. California, New York, Texas, Massachusetts and Virginia are the top states with maximum remote jobs. When it comes to job opportunities for entry-level professionals, California, Massachusetts, New York, Virginia, and Washington are the top states. AI jobs continue to grow rapidly, and will spread to other territories in the coming years. There continues to remain a good demand for entry-level roles, which is a good sign for AI and ML enthusiasts looking to make a career in this field. Here is a list of some AI and ML roles and their corresponding average salaries in the US. The figures have been resourced from salary data posted on Indeed. Machine Learning                     :  $147,134 per year Software Engineer                    :  $107,365 per year Research Scientist                    :  $109,214 per year Data Scientist                             :  $123,144 per year Scientist                                       :  $100,677 per year Senior Software Engineer      :  $132,018 per year Research Engineer                   :  $96,044 per year Power Ahead your career with Great Learning’s Online PG-Program in AIML Machine learning and artificial intelligence future are bright as the technology will continue to grow, leading to the creation of new jobs. If you are someone who is a technology enthusiast and keen about learning AI and ML, it is advisable to opt for AI and machine learning courses. It will help you learn about the technology comprehensively and make a rewarding career in this field. The knowledge of artificial intelligence for managers is essential as it will help them upgrade their knowledge and also guide the junior members of their teams for better results. Similarly, the knowledge of is also important as it will help them make better decisions. artificial intelligence for business leaders AI is the future of the business world and organizations that make the best use of it will emerge as winners in the coming years. It thus goes without saying how business leaders need to value AIML as a long-term investment. You can opt for the PG program of Great learning, which has consistently ranked as the number one AI program in India for five years. The artificial intelligence course has a comprehensive curriculum, specially designed for working professionals. You can get to learn about various technologies like ML, deep learning, neural networks, python through the . There is also a personalized mentorship program where experts from the industry will guide you. artificial intelligence online course Experts from institutions like Great Lakes and The University of Texas at Austin-McCombs have designed the curriculum, keeping in mind the industry requirements. Also, experts from IIT Bombay and other institutions have designed the learning content and assessments. With the artificial intelligence certification from UT Austin and Great Lakes, you can successfully make a career transition or even enter the field as a fresher. The future of AI is brighter than ever, so you can expect a rewarding career for yourself.

Unlock Your Career in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

As the world is moving forward to using variants of technologies, so has automation improved its ways to make our work easier. Though the word automation was coined in the 1950s, very few people really understood what it meant. But with the time automation has seeped through our daily life functions. Since the advent of robotic process automation, a lot of new players have emerged.  If you are looking for top robotic process automation companies, this list will help you. To get improved productivity by automating processes in your company, check out the information below of best RPA developers with short reviews. Impersonate human work process, for example, signing into applications, entering information, and so forth. It is basic for you to pick the privilege RPA Services for long haul accomplishment as it can actualize the innovation rapidly and productively without rolling out any improvements in the current framework. The list of top RPA companies dependent on their general assistance and execution to facilitate your work. 1. VironIT RPA Company The company has been growing for 15 years. During that time VironIT has extended the list of customers and improved its efficiency. VironIT developers team has implemented more than 600 completed projects, that means more than 400 customers have chosen this company. VironIT’s activity aims to develop high-quality products along with meeting customers’ needs and requirements with regard to state-of-the-art technologies. 2. Accelirate The company’s development system is based on client experience and consolidates ROI and Business Value at each stage. Accelirate approves introductory suspicions at the Analysis stage to guarantee that the offer still remains constant since the company find out about a procedure/work. Accelirate guarantees that inside the Design stage, its procedure examiners indicate KPIs and Metrics so that these can be caught by the Automation Developers. Dashboards definitions and Metric Reporting is incorporated inside the execution stage so when the task goes live, the business has all information it should have the option to screen and gauge execution. 3. BPM-D BPM-D® has profound roots in business process counselling with the two authors having 25+ years of working in that field, including top administration positions at IDS Scheer. The subsequent expertise is methodically moved to the representatives and, through tasks, to customers. Likewise, BPM-D has been teaming up with top scholastic establishments, for more than 15 years, guaranteeing creative, forward-looking and maintainable arrangements. Affiliations with top colleges like the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia University or Widener University help to keep offer current and drawing in the correct ability. Cosy associations with driving and speciality arrangements sellers, in the BPM territory, are utilized where fitting. 4. Deloitte So many years of hard work and commitment to making a real difference, Deloitte has grown in scale and diversity—approximately 245,000 people in 150 countries and territories, providing audit & assurance, tax, risk and financial advisory and consulting services—yet the company’s shared culture remains the same. For Deloitte, good isn't good enough. The company aims to be the best at all that it does—to help clients realize their ambitions, to make a positive difference in society, and to maximize the success of its client’s. This drive fuels the commitment and humanity that run deep through Deloitte’s every action. 5. Genpact Genpact started in 1997 as a special General Electric unit. In January 2005, Genpact turned into an autonomous organization to bring the procedure ability and one of a kind DNA in Lean administration to customers past GE, and in August 2007, the company turned into a traded on an open market organization. Genpact is a worldwide expert administrations firm that makes business change genuine. Genpact drives advanced development and carefully empowered wise tasks for customers, guided by experience running a huge number of procedures essentially for Global Fortune 500 organizations. 6. Hexaware Hexaware’s strategy is to automate, cloudify, and transform everything to improve customer experiences. This controls a man-machine co-working effort - take care of complex business issues utilizing a blend of human imagination and astuteness. We influence the intensity of omnipresent information, bits of knowledge-driven calculations and key distributed computing to assist clients with accomplishing business change. 7. IBA Group The IBA Group’s organizational structure is worldwide. The company’s support centers are located in Europe, the United States, Asia, and Africa. IBA Group has full legal and organizational capacity to send its experts to these centers or hire local employees. The company offers a wide range of software services, including consulting, development, testing, migration, maintenance, and 24X7 support with a focus on mainframe systems and applications, web-based applications, enterprise solutions, SAP solutions and other ERP systems, Business Analytics (BI), and mobile applications. 8. Incedo Incedo is a Bay Area headquartered digital and analytics company that enables sustainable business advantage for its clients by bringing together capabilities across Consulting, Data Science and Engineering to solve high impact problems. The company believes in blurring the boundaries between services and products and delivering unified solutions that are designed to maximize adoption, impact and client success. Incedo’s mission is to enable its clients to maximize business impact from technology by harnessing the transformational impact of emerging technologies like bridging the gap between business and technology, become an employer of choice by being ‘employee first’ in all processes and practices. Incedo provides world-class technology services and is a trusted, long-term partner for global enterprises, is recognized as an industry leader in chosen emerging technologies, is an employer of choice, and delivers superior growth and financial performance. 9. LTI LTI is a global technology consulting and digital solutions company that was founded 20 years ago. From the very start, it was an information technology arm of the Larsen and Toubro group. The company has already helped more than 360 clients succeed in a converging world, and solved the most complex challenges of enterprises across industries. With operations in 30 countries, LTI goes the extra mile for its clients and accelerate their digital transformation with LTI’s Mosaic platform enabling their mobile, social, analytics, IoT and cloud journeys. 10. PwC PwC was created by the merger of two firms, Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand, around 150 years ago. The first Price Waterhouse’s office was opened in Budapest, Hungary 1989. Coopers & Lybrand Kft. was established in the same year. In 1997, Coopers & Lybrand Kft. acquired Dynasoft Rt., which formed its new Management Consulting Services department. In 1998, with the worldwide merger of Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand, PricewaterhouseCoopers Hungary was formed. Rebranded as PwC Hungary, it has operated since 2011 with two offices – in Budapest and Győr – as one of the leading professional services firms in Hungary. The company also does an audit, tax advisory and other consulting services. 11. WiPro Wipro Limited (NYSE: WIT, BSE: 507685, NSE: WIPRO) is a leading global information technology, consulting and business process services company. We harness the power of cognitive computing, hyper-automation, robotics, cloud, analytics and emerging technologies to help clients adapt to the digital world and make them successful. A company recognized globally for its comprehensive portfolio of services, a strong commitment to sustainability and good corporate citizenship, we have over 175,000 dedicated employees serving clients across six continents. Together, we discover ideas and connect the dots to build a better and a bold new future. 12. Capgemini Capgemini is a multicultural organization of more than 200,000 people in excess of 40 nations. The company revealed 2018 worldwide incomes of EUR 13.2 billion. A worldwide pioneer in counselling, innovation administrations and advanced change, Capgemini is at the cutting edge of development to address the whole expansiveness of customers' chances in the advancing universe of cloud, computerized and stages. Expanding on its solid 50-year legacy and profound industry-explicit aptitude, Capgemini empowers associations to understand their business desire through a variety of administrations from technique to tasks. Capgemini is driven by the conviction that the business estimation of innovation originates from and through individuals. 13. CH&Co CH&Co established the CH Alliance to unite close European based colleagues, with the target to turn into the system of reference for open advancement, aptitude and master know-how, offering best of breed answers for the Financial administrations’ industry. CH&Co is a worldwide group of vital personalities, fund experts and out-of-the-case scholars who think, yet additionally do. The company transforms its clients’ difficulties into enduring accomplishment by changing master thinking into unmistakable outcomes. The team trusts it takes more than minds to get results. Clients need specialists. CH&Co is centred around money related administrations to guarantee it conveys master exhortation, industry best practices and information that is straightforwardly applicable to businesses. CH&Co. Accomplices originate from different starting points: Business Consulting, Technology and Big 4 Firms. On each task, the company utilizes this decent variety inside an extraordinary mix of system, advancement, change the executives and aptitude. 14. Cognizant Shaped by a diverse group of entrepreneurial people working together to create a better way with their customers. The company works with companies on the vanguard of technology to drive businesses forward. Cognizant supports lifelong learning in the U.S. and around the world, preparing people to make the most of the technology that can forge shared future. The company’s ambition will always be to see and seize new opportunities that serve its clients and drive sustained business performance for Cognizant over the long term. See how in its annual business snapshot. 15. EPAM systems The company was founded in 1993 and relied on Engineering DNA to underpin work with clients, leading to major innovations, digital transformations and business results. In that time, Epam has expanded geographically, as well as extended its core engineering capabilities to include business consulting, design and physical product development. EPAM has been at the forefront of some of the most exciting technology-led transformations in the industry, and the story continues into today’s modern age of agile delivery, big data, machine learning and AI. 16. HCL Technologies HCL Technologies is a global technology company that helps enterprises reimagine their businesses for the digital age. Its technology products, services, and engineering are built on four decades of innovation, with a world-renowned management philosophy, a culture of invention and risk-taking, and a customer relationships focus. HCL Technologies offers integrated portfolio products, solutions, services, built around digital, IoT, cloud, automation, cybersecurity, analytics, infrastructure management, and engineering services, among others. With a worldwide network of R&D, innovation labs and delivery centers, and 147,000+ employees working in 44 countries, HCL serves leading enterprises across key industries, including 250 of the Fortune 500 and 650 of the Global 2000. Businesses across industries stand at an inflexion point today. Far-reaching disruption fueled by technologies like digitalization, analytics, cloud, IoT, and automation. As the demand for these services, HCL Technologies is accelerating its evolution into a next-generation technology company, driven by a unique business model, Mode 1-2-3, and many unmatched core competencies which bring this model to life. 17. Tata Consultancy Service Tata Consultancy Service is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) and consulting company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is a subsidiary of Tata Group and operates in 149 locations across 46 countries. TCS is the largest Indian company by market capitalization. Tata consultancy services are now placed among the most valuable IT services brands worldwide. In 2015, TCS was ranked 64th overall in the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies ranking, making it both the highest-ranked IT services company and the top Indian company. It is the world's largest IT services provider. As of 2018, it is ranked eleventh on the Fortune India 500 list. In April 2018, TCS became the first Indian IT company to reach $100 billion market capitalization, and second Indian company ever (after Reliance Industries achieved it in 2007) after its market capitalization stood at ₹6,79,332.81 crore ($102.6 billion) on the Bombay Stock Exchange. In 2016-2017, Parent company Tata Sons owned 20% of TCS; and more than 70% of Tata Sons' dividends were generated by TCS. In March 2018, Tata Sons decided to sell stocks of TCS worth $1.25 billion in a bulk deal. 18. Virtusa Virtusa Corporation (NASDAQ: VRTU) is an American information technology services company founded in 1996 in Sri Lanka and has its headquarters in Southborough, Massachusetts, United States. The company provides IT consulting, business consulting, systems implementation and application outsourcing services to large enterprises and software vendors. The company has several delivery centres in India and Sri Lanka with the ones in Hyderabad, Chennai and Colombo being the largest. The company has a community support program that focuses on education and uses its IT competencies for meeting the needs of the community. Virtusa facilitated setting up IT laboratories for 50 schools in the Uva province of Sri Lanka. The program was carried out in partnership with a local university in Sri Lanka. In 2010, the company leveraged its technology/QA expertise to support the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) program. In the wake of the 2004 tsunami, its employees actively participated in the development of Sahana, an open-source-based disaster management system. 19. Accenture Accenture is a global professional services company, providing a range of services and solutions in strategy, consulting, digital, technology and operations. Combining unmatched experience and specialized skills across more than 40 industries and all business functions - underpinned by the world’s largest delivery network - Accenture works at the intersection of business and technology to help clients improve their performance and create sustainable value for their stakeholders. With more than 450,000 people serving clients in over 120 countries, Accenture drives innovation to improve the way the world works and lives. 20. Acronotics Acronotics automation and AI experts work closely with leading global firms across multiple industries to build cutting edge robotic automation & artificial intelligence solutions, enabling clients to boost organizational productivity, realize substantial cost savings, gain competitive advantage through smart data analytics, and deliver an enhanced user experience to their clients. In short, the company applies RPA & AI technologies to improve productivity and reduce the cost of operations; increase revenue per client & share of wallet; future-proof a business through innovation & automation. Along these lines, here we arrive at the end of the article about the top Robotic Process Automation companies. You should likewise think about the advantages of RPA services so you would have a reasonable view about picking the correct way too. It computerizes manual assignments to mechanize with robotization arrangements. It gives includes exceptionally occasion-driven, better investigation, emotional judgment, rule-based RPA solutions.

Top 20 Robotic Process Automation Companies

An Introduction To Behavioral Biometrics Photo by on Jason Wong Unsplash Sometimes we do a thing in order to find out the reason for it. Sometimes our actions are questions not answers — John LeCarre Technology is eating the world one person at a time. There may be differences in the extent of digitization among countries but the broad direction is the same. For most technologies such as Financial Technology (FinTech) or the Blockchain, establishing a digital identity is critical to their implementation and long term success. As per Nuance Communications, Inc, fraud is a significant issue globally, and is growing fast in the contact center. In the US alone, more than 50% of the population has reported being a victim of some kind of fraud or data breach. Today, a wide variety of authentication methods are in play. From Chip and PIN technology to biometrics, each authentication system has it’s own advantages and disadvantages. A better technology is taking shape. It is called behavioral biometrics and it combines non-invasive monitoring of user behavior and using that behavior along with biometrics to establish identity. This article provides an introduction to behavioral biometrics and to the ways in which it is changing the realm of digital identities and authentication systems. Multi-Factor Authentication and Biometrics provides organizations with a to deal with cyber security. About 30% of US companies adhered to these set of guidelines in 2015 with the number projected to increase to 50% in 2020. The NIST framework is based on five pillars i.e. identify, protect, detect, respond, recover. Multi-factor authentication is critical to achieving the requirements of this framework. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework A factor is a piece of evidence that you are who you claim to be. For instance, a security question that asks you your best friends last name or the make of your first car is a piece of evidence that is ideally known only to you. Today, many authentication systems are multi-factor meaning they ask for two (two factor authentication) or more (multi-factor) pieces of evidence. These factors can be classified into three categories: which include biometrics are are factors intrinsic to the user. Examples of authentication include fingerprint and retina scan. Inherence Factors: These factors are pieces of evidence generated by hardware or software devices called ‘tokens’. There are three broad categories of such tokens Possession Factors: Connected tokens (which are devices connected to the computer), Disconnected tokens which are independent devices that display a number or alphanumeric code on a screen and, Software tokens that are a two factor authentication device used to access computer services These factors deal with unique pieces of knowledge known only to the real user. Examples include date of birth, last four digits of social, city of birth etc. Knowledge Factors: Behavioral Biometrics Behavioral biometrics is the field of study related to the measure of uniquely identifying and measurable patterns in human activities. The term contrasts with physical , which involves innate human characteristics such as fingerprints or iris patterns_(source:_ This concept video from BehavioSec is a good visual demonstration of Behavioral Biometrics: biometrics https://whatis.techtarget.com ). The biggest advantage of behavioral biometrics is that is it non-invasive. In other words, it does not obstruct user behavior like entering a password does. Let’s take an example, Sam presses keys on a keyboard in a particular manner. He also uses the track pad in a particular manner. Software is used to capture these two behavioral data points. Next time, the company collecting these data points (lets say a bank) wants to authenticate Sam, it use machine learning algorithms to match Sam’s behavioral data points to the his actual keystrokes and track pad movement to identify Sam without creating friction during his user experience. source: paymentscardsandmobile.com Many Here is an example of IBM using Behavioral Biometrics to prevent car theft. Another example is which is helping financial institutions verify identity using behavior. As per BioCatch, it selects 20 unique features from its 500+ patented behavioral profiling metrics to analyze a user’s behavior throughout a session, without any disruption in the digital experience. BioCatch compares the user behavior in real-time against the profile to return an actionable risk score. Bio Catch . It was the first company to release voice biometric algorithms powered by deep neural networks in 2015. Nuance offers a solution called ‘ConversationPrint’ which can authenticate users in real time using patterns of speech or patterns in writing. Nuance communications is one of the pioneers in the field of voice authentication Thus, there are a myriad of applications that can benefit from the proliferation of Behavioral Biometrics. The Human Side Of Technology The United Nations recently launched a pilot program in Jordan and Pakistan called Building Blocks. It launched a proof of concept in the Sindh province of Pakistan in 2017 and later launched a pilot in Jordan which leveraged it’s learning in Pakistan. As per it’s website, WFP is testing Blockchain as a means of making cash transfers more efficient, transparent and secure. This program is unique because it uses biometric authentication to authenticate the recipient of humanitarian aid, queries an account recorded on the Blockchain and allows the recipient to settle the payment. World Food Program (WFP) In April 2018, The MIT Technology Review covered this fascinating story in detail. Now, imagine if Behavioral Biometrics could be used to identify recipients and then disburse charity or money transfers using data recorded on the Blockchain. Such applications would change the world of giving forever by eliminating the middleman. Behavioral Biometrics also has great potential to spread financial inclusion to the masses by helping establish trust. My father is a financial adviser. Every morning, he would wake up and look at the scrolling ticker while jotting down the stock prices on his notepad. Quite naturally, I would spend most of my mornings watching CNBC. During my summer breaks, I would accompany him to the Bombay Stock Exchange and I would meet brokers and other market participants. Suffice it to say that finance has been my favorite subject since I was a teenage kid who thought nothing was impossible. I still think anything is possible. I want my readers to rediscover the potential of technology to do good. As always, I wanted to bring the behavioral biometrics story home to the people it should serve. In doing so, I wanted to inject positivity in a fascinating technological development. Especially, when positivity is in short supply. Resources: Top 10 Biometric Companies: https://www.disruptordaily.com/top-10-biometrics-companies-2017/ http://thehill.com/opinion/cybersecurity/369837-behavioral-biometrics-missing-from-cybersecurity https://www.americanbanker.com/news/behavior-tracking-security-tech-gaining-traction-at-banks?tag=00000156-3260-df39-a77e-7efd42f90000

A Silent Signature

Being young and naïve, I made some stupid (yes, I consider them as plain stupid) decisions in life. One of them was getting enrolled in a good-for-nothing single window road size college :( After wasting 3 years I realized my mistake and moved to Bombay while still being in college and according to me it was the best decision I made then. Engineering I started with some ‘odd’ jobs in Mumbai which enabled me to harness the true potential of the . Following which, I started a website named mbakakeeda.com that received over quarter-million views. Eventually, I sold it to my partner to pursue something bigger. Internet I worked for an HR firm while still being in Bombay and that is where I learnt bits about Data-Mining and Email-Marketing. I was also working online as a part-time freelancer since my college days. Following this incident, I moved to Nagpur in 2012. I partnered with a friend of mine- Burhan to develop software for retail hardware stores. But, the software didn’t sell. We decided to shut down the whole thing for good well before penalising ourselves with more losses. I then decided to move to Bombay again to search for a job. During all this hardship I had little to no money or support. A few of my friends helped me financially as well as emotionally which kept me energised to have high spirits. A good thing that happened to me was that I acquired two clients online, one of them was from Dubai through Burhan, and the other one was from California during Obama Care initial days, it was an insurance company looking for warm leads. I worked hard on their respective projects which were Data Mining and Email Marketing respectively. I finally made some money on my own. Meanwhile, Ruqaiya (my sibling), was about to get married in Dec. 2013 so I decided to attend the wedding. I continued freelancing again and started acquiring clients online. I got connected with a client who assigned me a significant amount of work in the field of Data Mining & Email Marketing, providing me with enough money to start a company. This project helped me leverage my efforts, and I began to build a team of my own to handle the incoming work. During the year 2014, I grew my team from 1 to 5 then 5 to 10! My work grew further in 2015 when I visited the US. At that point in time, I was doing pretty decent in my life. I finally started making some money and helping my parents financially. Although it started working pretty good for myself, but deep down somewhere within me, it hurt to know that there are no skilful job opportunities for young talents in my hometown Burhanpur. Most of the talent was underutilized in the town I belong, without proper guidance or ample opportunity to succeed in life. I wanted to provide a good employment source for them. Hence, I started a branch office in Burhanpur around Nov. 2016. Since then I am doing pretty well with my life financially. I have a good set of clients who hire me to help them on a regular basis, good employees who are hardworking and loyal to me and to be honest I have don’t have many desires left in life, I’ve travelled to 7 countries before turning 25, made enough to survive comfortably for the next few years. I am probably blessed & feel content to achieve what I have today. Currently, we employ 42 full-time employees working round the clock to offer data mining services to B2B companies. I’m also going to start an NGO pretty soon (goal 2020) to help financially backwards kids with IT/Basic Computer Training. I have a few friends and relatives in the US who are doing pretty good financially in life and they are happy to contribute to this cause. So, the goal for 2017 is: 1. Workout more.2. Visit a few more countries to learn from the world and different cultures.3. Grow the team of 22 people to 50 by 2018’s end.4. Lose some more weight (I lost 6 Kilos within three months) & want to lose a little bit more!!5. Help my employees grow in life, both personally as well as financially.6. Enjoy the little joys of life. Life’s simple, humans make it complicated!

BOMBAY SOFTWARES

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-- employees

Since n.d.

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