Beagle

beagle

You’re been working on a project in RStudio for days and are knee-deep in code and loaded libraries. Things are going great…until they aren’t anymore 🙄. Suddenly, the dreaded error messages pop up when you try to utilize a library you’ve been using effortlessly so far. You decide to ignore it for now and worry about it later. But the next time you open your RStudio session, another problem arises. It’s time to update your RStudio software. You reason with yourself and decide to take care of it now because you know all too well, these issues and indicators ONLY KEEP COMING 😱. These problems can be scary and intimidating when you’re in the middle of a workflow, even for the most experienced programmers. For one, you have to disrupt the ‘ ’ that you have magically achieved. No one wants to stop what they’re doing so they can jump into troubleshooting mode. flow state Second, programming can be finicky and there are many moving pieces. Once you’ve found a working method, you just don’t want to mess with it. Updating your software leads to updating your libraries and it’s impossible to know if those updates may lead to bugs in your code. Table of Contents: What is R and RStudio? Why you should keep your software updated. How to check your current version of R and RStudio. Sidetrack - Updating R packages. How to update R. How to update RStudio. Troubleshooting. R and RStudio - What’s the Difference? R is the open-source programming language itself, and is the integrated development environment (IDE) that allows users to and have easy access to tools, data, and visualizations in a tidy console-like environment. Unfortunately, you have to update them independently. Although, you can get away with only updating RStudio most of the time and leaving R alone. RStudio code with R Why You Should Stay up to Date A common reaction to this scenario is to put off the updates and “think about it later”. That might work for a little while, but here’s why you should just deal with it right away and keep your software updated. Benefit from the latest new features of RStudio. Repair issues that you’re having. Remedy underlying bugs that RStudio programmers have updated, even if they haven’t affected your workflow (yet). Eliminate those pesky warning messages. Maintain R and RStudio in a happy state of being together. How To Check Your Current Version of R and RStudio There are a few methods to check your current software version(s). It’s good to take note of the version(s) you are using now, just in case you run into any issues and decide you want to revert backward. This is unlikely, but you might as well be cautious. RStudio - Method 1: Mostly, you’ll see a pop-up window like the one below when you open RStudio. This tells you your current version and which version is available. RStudio - Method 2: If you’re not receiving these update indications, you can still check for updates manually. First, you navigate to the and select (highlighted in yellow below). Help tab Check for Updates Clicking this will prompt the same window as before to pop up. R - Method 1: To check your current version of R, type into the console (seen in blue font below). Running the command will yield the following results. The results show that R version 4.2.1 is currently in use. sessionInfo() R - Method 2: Things are getting redundant now, but the easiest method to check your version of R (and the funniest) is to simply open RStudio, look to the console, and read the text displayed.You’ll notice the project team that developed this version gave it a humorous name. In this case, R version 4.2.1 is also known as “Funny-Looking-Kid” (highlighted in yellow below). 😭 A Sidetrack You might not be ready to update RStudio altogether, but you’re receiving error messages and bugs related to packages. Keep in mind you can try updating the troublesome package and see if that remedies the error. Navigate to your where you can see a list of RStudio packages. Click the (see image below). Packages tab Update button After clicking on the , a new window will appear like the image shown below. The new window informs you of the package version you have installed currently and which version is available to be installed. Update Packages tab You can also click on the for the package of interest to see what has been updated. Clicking this button will open a browser with a list of information. For example, clicking reveals numerous changes and bug fixes in the new version (see the image below). NEWS button ggplot2’s NEWS button Updating Packages: Method 1: Update Every Package Click at the bottom to select all packages. Select All Click . Install Updates Method 2: Update Only Select Packages Click the box next to the package(s) you wish to update. Select . Install Updates A warning prompt requesting to restart R will appear, click . Yes After the update is complete, you will notice the changes listed in the console. Your package version should be updated within the list of packages. How to Update R If you’re planning on updating both R and RStudio, it’s more logical to update R first but you can update them in either order. If you’re only planning on updating RStudio, proceed to the next section. Navigate to and look up the latest version of R. To download the latest version, you’ll have to choose your which is sorted regionally. CRAN is a network of servers that store the latest versions of R. They ask to choose the mirror “nearest to you to minimize network load”. Download and install the file. r-project CRAN mirror Confirm that you have successfully installed the latest version and move on to updating RStudio. The image below shows that R has been updated to version 4.2.3 “Shortstop Beagle”. How to Update RStudio Now you know what version you are running, what next? From the updater popup window, click on . This action will close your RStudio session and will open automatically in your browser. Quit and Download RStudio Desktop - Posit Download the latest version, open the installation file, and you will be greeted with the RStudio Setup window. Next, you can select your Start Menu Folder, and which version of R you would like to use. If you have installed the latest R, select the specific version. After updating, open a new session of RStudio and check for updates. You should see the following window. Troubleshooting Both R and RStudio should be updated now. But your console session in RStudio reads that you are still using the old version of R. What gives? You may have to do one last step to select the updated version of R. In RStudio, under the , select . Tools tab Global Options On the next window, under the section, select the correct directory for your updated R version by clicking the button. R General Change On the next window that appears, select the updated version of R. Finally, close your RStudio session, reopen it, and inspect the console. It should read the latest version of R installed. In my case, I am now using R 4.2.3 or “Shortstop Beagle”. Final Thoughts Now you have learned how to update R, RStudio, and your packages. Things should be smooth sailing now and you can get back into working in the zone. Note: This tutorial was performed on a Windows computer. Lead image source: stable diffusion v2.1 with prompt “Beagles playing baseball”.

Be a Shortstop Beagle: Learn How to Update R and RStudio to the Latest Version

শর্টস্টপ বিগল হও: সর্বশেষ সংস্করণে R এবং RStudio আপডেট করতে শিখুন

Seien Sie ein Shortstop Beagle: Erfahren Sie, wie Sie R und RStudio auf die neueste Version aktualisieren

Conviértase en un campocorto Beagle: aprenda cómo actualizar R y RStudio a la última versión

Soyez un Beagle d'arrêt-court : apprenez à mettre à jour R et RStudio vers la dernière version

शॉर्टस्टॉप बीगल बनें: R और RStudio को नवीनतम संस्करण में अपडेट करना सीखें

ショートストップ ビーグルになる: R と RStudio を最新バージョンに更新する方法を学ぶ

유격수 비글이 되어 보세요: R 및 RStudio를 최신 버전으로 업데이트하는 방법 알아보기

Seja um Shortstop Beagle: Aprenda como atualizar R e RStudio para a versão mais recente

Kısa Stoper Beagle Olun: R ve RStudio'yu En Son Sürüme Nasıl Güncelleyeceğinizi Öğrenin

Trở thành một Beagle Shortstop: Tìm hiểu cách cập nhật R và RStudio lên phiên bản mới nhất

成为游击手比格犬：了解如何将 R 和 RStudio 更新到最新版本

The Autobiography of Charles Darwin by Charles Darwin, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . “VOYAGE OF THE ‘BEAGLE’ FROM DECEMBER 27, 1831, TO OCTOBER 2, 1836.” “VOYAGE OF THE ‘BEAGLE’ FROM DECEMBER 27, 1831, TO OCTOBER 2, 1836.” On returning home from my short geological tour in North Wales, I found a letter from Henslow, informing me that Captain Fitz-Roy was willing to give up part of his own cabin to any young man who would volunteer to go with him without pay as naturalist to the Voyage of the “Beagle”. I have given, as I believe, in my MS. Journal an account of all the circumstances which then occurred; I will here only say that I was instantly eager to accept the offer, but my father strongly objected, adding the words, fortunate for me, “If you can find any man of common sense who advises you to go I will give my consent.” So I wrote that evening and refused the offer. On the next morning I went to Maer to be ready for September 1st, and, whilst out shooting, my uncle (Josiah Wedgwood.) sent for me, offering to drive me over to Shrewsbury and talk with my father, as my uncle thought it would be wise in me to accept the offer. My father always maintained that he was one of the most sensible men in the world, and he at once consented in the kindest manner. I had been rather extravagant at Cambridge, and to console my father, said, “that I should be deuced clever to spend more than my allowance whilst on board the ‘Beagle’;” but he answered with a smile, “But they tell me you are very clever.” Next day I started for Cambridge to see Henslow, and thence to London to see Fitz-Roy, and all was soon arranged. Afterwards, on becoming very intimate with Fitz-Roy, I heard that I had run a very narrow risk of being rejected, on account of the shape of my nose! He was an ardent disciple of Lavater, and was convinced that he could judge of a man’s character by the outline of his features; and he doubted whether any one with my nose could possess sufficient energy and determination for the voyage. But I think he was afterwards well satisfied that my nose had spoken falsely. Fitz-Roy’s character was a singular one, with very many noble features: he was devoted to his duty, generous to a fault, bold, determined, and indomitably energetic, and an ardent friend to all under his sway. He would undertake any sort of trouble to assist those whom he thought deserved assistance. He was a handsome man, strikingly like a gentleman, with highly courteous manners, which resembled those of his maternal uncle, the famous Lord Castlereagh, as I was told by the Minister at Rio. Nevertheless he must have inherited much in his appearance from Charles II., for Dr. Wallich gave me a collection of photographs which he had made, and I was struck with the resemblance of one to Fitz-Roy; and on looking at the name, I found it Ch. E. Sobieski Stuart, Count d’Albanie, a descendant of the same monarch. Fitz-Roy’s temper was a most unfortunate one. It was usually worst in the early morning, and with his eagle eye he could generally detect something amiss about the ship, and was then unsparing in his blame. He was very kind to me, but was a man very difficult to live with on the intimate terms which necessarily followed from our messing by ourselves in the same cabin. We had several quarrels; for instance, early in the voyage at Bahia, in Brazil, he defended and praised slavery, which I abominated, and told me that he had just visited a great slave-owner, who had called up many of his slaves and asked them whether they were happy, and whether they wished to be free, and all answered “No.” I then asked him, perhaps with a sneer, whether he thought that the answer of slaves in the presence of their master was worth anything? This made him excessively angry, and he said that as I doubted his word we could not live any longer together. I thought that I should have been compelled to leave the ship; but as soon as the news spread, which it did quickly, as the captain sent for the first lieutenant to assuage his anger by abusing me, I was deeply gratified by receiving an invitation from all the gun-room officers to mess with them. But after a few hours Fitz-Roy showed his usual magnanimity by sending an officer to me with an apology and a request that I would continue to live with him. His character was in several respects one of the most noble which I have ever known. The voyage of the “Beagle” has been by far the most important event in my life, and has determined my whole career; yet it depended on so small a circumstance as my uncle offering to drive me thirty miles to Shrewsbury, which few uncles would have done, and on such a trifle as the shape of my nose. I have always felt that I owe to the voyage the first real training or education of my mind; I was led to attend closely to several branches of natural history, and thus my powers of observation were improved, though they were always fairly developed. The investigation of the geology of all the places visited was far more important, as reasoning here comes into play. On first examining a new district nothing can appear more hopeless than the chaos of rocks; but by recording the stratification and nature of the rocks and fossils at many points, always reasoning and predicting what will be found elsewhere, light soon begins to dawn on the district, and the structure of the whole becomes more or less intelligible. I had brought with me the first volume of Lyell’s ‘Principles of Geology,’ which I studied attentively; and the book was of the highest service to me in many ways. The very first place which I examined, namely St. Jago in the Cape de Verde islands, showed me clearly the wonderful superiority of Lyell’s manner of treating geology, compared with that of any other author, whose works I had with me or ever afterwards read. Another of my occupations was collecting animals of all classes, briefly describing and roughly dissecting many of the marine ones; but from not being able to draw, and from not having sufficient anatomical knowledge, a great pile of MS. which I made during the voyage has proved almost useless. I thus lost much time, with the exception of that spent in acquiring some knowledge of the Crustaceans, as this was of service when in after years I undertook a monograph of the Cirripedia. During some part of the day I wrote my Journal, and took much pains in describing carefully and vividly all that I had seen; and this was good practice. My Journal served also, in part, as letters to my home, and portions were sent to England whenever there was an opportunity. The above various special studies were, however, of no importance compared with the habit of energetic industry and of concentrated attention to whatever I was engaged in, which I then acquired. Everything about which I thought or read was made to bear directly on what I had seen or was likely to see; and this habit of mind was continued during the five years of the voyage. I feel sure that it was this training which has enabled me to do whatever I have done in science. Looking backwards, I can now perceive how my love for science gradually preponderated over every other taste. During the first two years my old passion for shooting survived in nearly full force, and I shot myself all the birds and animals for my collection; but gradually I gave up my gun more and more, and finally altogether, to my servant, as shooting interfered with my work, more especially with making out the geological structure of a country. I discovered, though unconsciously and insensibly, that the pleasure of observing and reasoning was a much higher one than that of skill and sport. That my mind became developed through my pursuits during the voyage is rendered probable by a remark made by my father, who was the most acute observer whom I ever saw, of a sceptical disposition, and far from being a believer in phrenology; for on first seeing me after the voyage, he turned round to my sisters, and exclaimed, “Why, the shape of his head is quite altered.” To return to the voyage. On September 11th (1831), I paid a flying visit with Fitz-Roy to the “Beagle” at Plymouth. Thence to Shrewsbury to wish my father and sisters a long farewell. On October 24th I took up my residence at Plymouth, and remained there until December 27th, when the “Beagle” finally left the shores of England for her circumnavigation of the world. We made two earlier attempts to sail, but were driven back each time by heavy gales. These two months at Plymouth were the most miserable which I ever spent, though I exerted myself in various ways. I was out of spirits at the thought of leaving all my family and friends for so long a time, and the weather seemed to me inexpressibly gloomy. I was also troubled with palpitation and pain about the heart, and like many a young ignorant man, especially one with a smattering of medical knowledge, was convinced that I had heart disease. I did not consult any doctor, as I fully expected to hear the verdict that I was not fit for the voyage, and I was resolved to go at all hazards. I need not here refer to the events of the voyage—where we went and what we did—as I have given a sufficiently full account in my published Journal. The glories of the vegetation of the Tropics rise before my mind at the present time more vividly than anything else; though the sense of sublimity, which the great deserts of Patagonia and the forest-clad mountains of Tierra del Fuego excited in me, has left an indelible impression on my mind. The sight of a naked savage in his native land is an event which can never be forgotten. Many of my excursions on horseback through wild countries, or in the boats, some of which lasted several weeks, were deeply interesting: their discomfort and some degree of danger were at that time hardly a drawback, and none at all afterwards. I also reflect with high satisfaction on some of my scientific work, such as solving the problem of coral islands, and making out the geological structure of certain islands, for instance, St. Helena. Nor must I pass over the discovery of the singular relations of the animals and plants inhabiting the several islands of the Galapagos archipelago, and of all of them to the inhabitants of South America. As far as I can judge of myself, I worked to the utmost during the voyage from the mere pleasure of investigation, and from my strong desire to add a few facts to the great mass of facts in Natural Science. But I was also ambitious to take a fair place among scientific men,—whether more ambitious or less so than most of my fellow-workers, I can form no opinion. The geology of St. Jago is very striking, yet simple: a stream of lava formerly flowed over the bed of the sea, formed of triturated recent shells and corals, which it has baked into a hard white rock. Since then the whole island has been upheaved. But the line of white rock revealed to me a new and important fact, namely, that there had been afterwards subsidence round the craters, which had since been in action, and had poured forth lava. It then first dawned on me that I might perhaps write a book on the geology of the various countries visited, and this made me thrill with delight. That was a memorable hour to me, and how distinctly I can call to mind the low cliff of lava beneath which I rested, with the sun glaring hot, a few strange desert plants growing near, and with living corals in the tidal pools at my feet. Later in the voyage, Fitz-Roy asked me to read some of my Journal, and declared it would be worth publishing; so here was a second book in prospect! Towards the close of our voyage I received a letter whilst at Ascension, in which my sisters told me that Sedgwick had called on my father, and said that I should take a place among the leading scientific men. I could not at the time understand how he could have learnt anything of my proceedings, but I heard (I believe afterwards) that Henslow had read some of the letters which I wrote to him before the Philosophical Society of Cambridge (Read at the meeting held November 16, 1835, and printed in a pamphlet of 31 pages for distribution among the members of the Society.), and had printed them for private distribution. My collection of fossil bones, which had been sent to Henslow, also excited considerable attention amongst palaeontologists. After reading this letter, I clambered over the mountains of Ascension with a bounding step, and made the volcanic rocks resound under my geological hammer. All this shows how ambitious I was; but I think that I can say with truth that in after years, though I cared in the highest degree for the approbation of such men as Lyell and Hooker, who were my friends, I did not care much about the general public. I do not mean to say that a favourable review or a large sale of my books did not please me greatly, but the pleasure was a fleeting one, and I am sure that I have never turned one inch out of my course to gain fame. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Charles Darwin (1991). The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/2010/pg2010-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

“VOYAGE OF THE ‘BEAGLE’ FROM DECEMBER 27, 1831, TO OCTOBER 2, 1836.”

THE APPOINTMENT TO THE 'BEAGLE.'

The Voyage of the Beagle by Charles Darwin, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. Read this book online for free on HackerNoon! : The Voyage of the Beagle Title : Charles Darwin Author : June 1, 1997 [EBook #944] Release Date : English Language Table of Links PREFACE THE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE CHAPTER I — ST. JAGO—CAPE DE VERD ISLANDS CHAPTER II — RIO DE JANEIRO CHAPTER III — MALDONADO CHAPTER IV — RIO NEGRO TO BAHIA BLANCA CHAPTER V — BAHIA BLANCA CHAPTER VI — BAHIA BLANCA TO BUENOS AYRES CHAPTER VII — BUENOS AYRES AND ST. FE CHAPTER VIII — BANDA ORIENTAL AND PATAGONIA CHAPTER IX — SANTA CRUZ, PATAGONIA, AND THE FALKLAND ISLANDS CHAPTER X — TIERRA DEL FUEGO CHAPTER XI — STRAIT OF MAGELLAN.—CLIMATE OF THE SOUTHERN COASTS CHAPTER XII — CENTRAL CHILE CHAPTER XIII — CHILOE AND CHONOS ISLANDS CHAPTER XIV — CHILOE AND CONCEPCION: GREAT EARTHQUAKE CHAPTER XV — PASSAGE OF THE CORDILLERA CHAPTER XVI — NORTHERN CHILE AND PERU CHAPTER XVII — GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO CHAPTER XVIII — TAHITI AND NEW ZEALAND CHAPTER XIX — AUSTRALIA CHAPTER XX — KEELING ISLAND: CORAL FORMATIONS CHAPTER XXI — MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Charles Darwin (1997). The Voyage of the Beagle. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022, from https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/944/pg944-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.htm l.

The Voyage of the Beagle by Charles Darwin - Table of Links

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Our Humble Helpers: Familiar Talks on the Domestic Animals by Jean-Henri Fabre, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . THE CHIEF BREEDS OF DOGS (Continued) CHAPTER XXI. THE CHIEF BREEDS OF DOGS (Continued) “Let us continue our survey of the principal canine breeds. In size and strength the Dane approaches the mastiff, but is easily distinguished from it by its coat, which is generally white, with numerous round black spots. It is a magnificent dog, not very common, the guardian of fine houses, the friend of horses, and especially fond of running and barking before its master’s carriage.” “Is that all it knows how to do?” Emile inquired. “Pretty nearly.” “Then I’d rather have Labrie.” “I too. With its modest appearance and ill-kempt coat the shepherd dog has an intelligence and usefulness incomparably superior to the Dane’s, lordly creature though the latter is with its royally bespangled coat like that of the tiger and panther. Never judge either people or dogs by their appearance. “The harrier is endowed with a more tapering head, a longer muzzle, than any other breed. Its ears are half-drooping and point backward, its chest narrow, abdomen arched as if emaciated, legs long and slender, tail also long and slender, and its entire [ ]form distinguished by the same slenderness. It is the fleetest of all dogs. It routs out the hare in hunting; hence its name.” 202 “Hare and harrier are indeed rather similar in spelling,” observed Jules. “Its color, less mixed than in the other breeds, is generally uniform, sometimes tawny, sometimes black, sometimes gray or even white. Some harriers have short hair, others long; in fact, there are some that are quite hairless like the Turkish dog. This dog is not very intelligent and shows no peculiar attachment to its master, but will fawn upon anybody. Its scent is imperfect, though its eyesight is excellent, and that is what guides it in the chase, while other dogs are guided by the scent. “The spaniel owes the name it bears to its Spanish origin. This beautiful dog is characterized by its slender, moderately long head; by its long, wavy hair, which is particularly abundant on the ears, which are drooping and silky, and on the tail, which forms a tuft or plume. No dog has a more amiable and gentle aspect. Intelligence and attachment to its master can be read in its eyes. Of all dogs it is the one your Uncle Paul would choose by preference as a friend. To this worth in respect to moral qualities add this other virtue, that the spaniel is an expert hunter. In this breed are found dogs with the split or double nose; but this peculiarity does not seem to add to their keenness of scent. “The barbet, otherwise water spaniel or sheep dog, is another of your Uncle Paul’s favorites on [ ]account of its exceptional intelligence, its gentle disposition, and its unequaled faithfulness. Who among you does not know the barbet with its big round head, full of good will, its large drooping ears, short legs, squat body, long, fine and curly hair, almost like wool, which has given it the name of sheep dog? When half-shorn, as it is in the summer, it is still more comely. The hind quarters are naked and show the rosy skin; the fore part of the body is covered with a thick mane as white as cotton wool. A coquettish tuft finishes off the tail, elegant ruffles adorn the legs, the muzzle bears a mustache and small beard, which latter perhaps accounts for its name of barbet. 203 “Sheep—let us call it thus, as it is generally called—Sheep is a past master in accomplishments. He plays dead, offers the paw, jumps over an extended cane, stands up with a piece of sugar on his nose, and goes through his drill with a gun and with a paper cap set swaggeringly over one ear. But those are the least of his talents. Sheep is the clever one of the family. With careful education it is possible to cram this dog’s excellent noddle with the most astonishing things. I have known some, my children, that could tell the time by their master’s watch without a mistake.” “They could tell the time!” cried Jules incredulously. “You are jesting, Uncle.” “No, my friend, I am not jesting. The watch was shown to the dog, who looked at it attentively, seemed to make a calculation in his mind, then [ ]barked just as many times as the hand marked hours.” 204 “That is capital, I declare!” “But there is still better coming. I know of a barbet that plays dominos with its master, and the master does not always win, either. As such talents are exercised by bread-winning barbets for those who show them off, I am inclined to believe that the dog’s intelligence is aided in the game by some signs from the master that pass unperceived by the spectators. No matter: there is enough to confound our poor reasoning powers in the calculating faculty of the animal as it counts its points, makes out those of its adversary, and as a result pushes the proper domino with the end of its nose. “To his intellectual faculties Sheep adds, in a high degree, the faculties of the heart, which are still more to be desired. Sheep is the blind man’s dog and guides him patiently, avoiding every obstacle, through the crowd by means of a string attached to the animal’s collar. When the master stands on the street-corner, begging pity with his shrill clarinet, Sheep, seated in a suppliant posture, holds the wooden bowl in his teeth and offers it to the passers-by. If the master dies, the dear master who shared the crust of bread with him like a brother, Sheep follows the coffin, lonely, sad, pitiful to see. He crouches on the mound that covers his master, pines there for a few days, and finally falls asleep there in the sleep of death. By what name should such a devoted creature be called? The blind [ ]call him Fido (the faithful one), and this name is in itself the finest of elegies.” 205 “The barbet is a noble dog,” declared Jules. “In addition to all this it is a good hunting dog. As it willingly jumps into the water, is a skilful swimmer, and retrieves with indomitable zeal, it is much in demand for hunting water-fowl. When the master’s shot has brought down a wild duck, Sheep goes and fetches it from the middle of the pond. Sometimes a bitter wind is blowing and the water is frozen. Sheep does not care for that: he swims bravely through the broken ice, brings back the game, shakes his wet coat, and waits, shivering with cold, for the report of another shot before starting off again.” “He will certainly have earned the duck’s bones when the game comes on to the table,” said Emile. “To jump into the icy water like that! Poor fellow! Brrr! it makes the shivers run down one’s back only to think of it.” “Because of his exploits in duck-hunting this dog is known also as the water spaniel. But now let us pass on to another breed. “The hound is preëminently the dog of the chase. It has an extremely keen scent, which enables it to trace the route followed by the game simply from the odor of the emanations left by the passage of the animal. Guided by a faint odor that would be imperceptible to any other nose, it goes as straight to the hare as if it had had it constantly in sight. There is a wonderful sensitiveness in its nostrils [ ]which our sense of smell only distantly approaches. It is a sense superior in delicacy to sight, which distance and want of light place at a disadvantage, whereas distance and obscurity do not in the least impair the infallibility of the dog’s nose. Let the hare, warmed by the chase, merely graze with its back a tuft of bushes; that is enough and more than enough to put the hound on the track. To witness the unerring assurance of the pursuit, one might imagine that the hunted animal had traced in the air a trail visible to the dog.” 206 “That sort of thing,” Emile interrupted, “may be seen any day without going into the woods with the hunter. The master, unknown to the dog, hides his handkerchief in a place hard to find; then he says to the animal, ‘Seek!’ The dog sniffs the air a moment to get a clue, and then runs to the handkerchief and brings it back in high glee. If I had such a nose nobody would play hide-and-seek with me: I should find my playmates too easily.” “Most dogs, some more, some less, have an astonishingly keen scent; but the hound is the best endowed in this respect, especially in all that concerns the chase, and so it is the hunter’s favorite. It has rather a large muzzle, strong head, vigorous and long body, tail uplifted, very short hair, generally white varied with large black or brown spots, and ears drooping and remarkably large.” “One could use them like a handkerchief to wipe the animal’s nose and eyes,” Emile interposed. “The beagle stands very low on its legs. Moreover, [ ]its legs, especially the fore legs, are contorted, crippled in appearance. One would say that the dog had undergone some violent strain from which it had not entirely recovered. Its head, its large and drooping ears, its short hair, are almost the same as the hound’s. The beagle is also an ardent hunter, the willing companion of him who, gun on shoulder, tramps over the rocky hills beloved by rabbits. With its short and twisted legs it trots rather than runs; but its slowness is more deadly to its victim than speed, for it allows the game to play and loiter in seeming security before it. Without suspecting the approach of the insidious enemy Jack Rabbit gambols and curls his mustache, and already the beagle is face to face with him, transfixing him with sudden terror. The shot is fired: all is over with Jack, who leaps into the air and falls back inert on the wild thyme.” 207 “Poor Jack, so treacherously surprised! Now the hound does at least announce itself and let the rabbit scamper away as quick as it can. It is a contest of speed between the two. But the dumpy beagle creeps through the bushes and pops out all of a sudden.” “The beagle has not its equal for routing out the fox from its hole. Its gait, which is almost a crawl, enables it to penetrate the farthest corners of the fox’s abode. If it finds the malodorous animal there, it gives voice and holds the place with tooth and nail while allowing the hunters time to break into the fox-hole and capture the chicken-stealer.[ ] 208 “The wolf-dog is the teamster’s favorite. A thousand times you have seen it, petulant and wrathful, running back and forth on the top of a loaded wagon and barking from the top of this fortress at the children teasing it below. It is superb in its anger, with its little leonine mane, its plumy tail tightly rolled in a corkscrew, and its pretty red collar with bells and fox-hair fringe. It has erect, pointed ears like the shepherd dog’s, slender muzzle, hair short on the head and paws, long and silky on the rest of the body. No dog knows better how to curl its tail and hold it proudly.” “Is that all it knows how to do?” asked Louis. “The wolf-dog is too intelligent not to have other merit than its pretty ways. Loubet (that is commonly its name) knows, if need be, how to turn the spit by means of a revolving drum in which it jumps continually, as does the squirrel in its rotary cage. If it has the companionship of a good shepherd dog, it easily learns the latter’s calling and becomes a pretty good flock-tender.” “That is better than raging on the top of a wagon and barking at the passers-by,” was Louis’s comment. “I do not know,” resumed Uncle Paul, “a more repulsive, brutal physiognomy than that of the bulldog. Look at its head, massive and short, with thick muzzle and flat nose, sometimes split; its heavy upper lip hanging down on each side and dripping with saliva, while the front teeth are exposed to view; its small eyes, with their hard expression; its ears [ ]torn by bites or made uglier by cropping;—think of all these marks of a brutal nature and tell me for what sort of occupation the bulldog is properly fitted.” 209 “Its occupation,” answered Jules, “is read in its gross physiognomy: the bulldog is made for fighting.” “Yes, my friend; for fighting and nothing else. Let no one ask it to watch over a flock, accompany the hunter, retrieve the fallen game, or even turn the spit; its dull intelligence does not go so far as that. Its one gift is the gift of the jaw that snaps and does not let go; its one passion, the frenzy of combat. When its teeth have once fastened themselves in an adversary’s flesh, do not expect them to loosen their hold: a vice is not more tenacious in its grip. Calls, threats, blows, nothing avails to separate two bulldogs fighting each other; it is necessary to seize them and bite them hard on the end of the tail. The sharp pain of the bite can alone recall them from the fury of combat.” “I wouldn’t undertake the operation; the animal might turn against the one trying to make it let go.” “For the master there is no danger, as the bulldog is strongly attached to him. Boldness, strength, and indomitable tenacity in battle make this dog an efficient protector such as it is well to have at one’s side in a rough encounter. To leave the enemy as little hold as possible, it is the custom to crop the dog’s tail and ears; furthermore, the [ ]neck is protected with a collar studded with iron points. 210 “This pugnacious breed is especially in favor in England, and it is from the English word dog that we French take our word dogue, in the sense of bulldog.” “Then dogue means dog?” asked Emile. “Nothing else. From the same word comes the diminutive doguin (pug-dog), by which we designate that little growling, scatter-brained poltroon, glutton and good-for-nothing, better known to you under the name of carlin (pug). Like the bulldog, it has a round head, short and flat-nosed muzzle, and hanging lip; and up to a certain point it has also the bulldog character, which it shows by a noisy rage, not having the size or strength necessary for anything further.” “That’s the funny little dog that barks at me in the doorway and immediately runs in if I pretend to go after it.” “The Turkish dog is another useless animal. Its size is that of the pug. It is remarkable for its almost naked skin, oily-looking, black, or dark flesh-color, and spotted with brown in large splashes. It has little intelligence and no attachment to its master. Its singular nakedness, which in our climate makes it shiver with cold a good part of the year, is its only merit, if it be a merit. I should rather call it a very disagreeable infirmity. Those who take pleasure in raising these poor animals clothe them in winter with a cloth coat.”[ ] 211 “A dog that needed a tailor to furnish it with a winter costume would never do for me,” declared Emile. “I’d much rather have Medor, the spaniel, and Sheep, the barbet. They don’t shiver when it snows, and they are good friends, too.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jean-Henri Fabre (2022). Our Humble Helpers: Familiar Talks on the Domestic Animals. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/67073/pg67073-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

THE CHIEF BREEDS OF DOGS (Continued)

1. What do you currently do, and what’s your favorite part about it? I run the Investigator 515 blog, which posts educational and analysis content. In the background, we are also developing a scam-busting website that’s designed to put search and tracking tools into the hands of the people that need them at a reasonable price. And, because I love being busy, I also have an ongoing development of AV, an embedded platform that’s designed from the ground up to perform electronic counter surveillance as well as detect and classify devices of interest. I should probably mention here that I’m a career investigator who’s spent my life before this working in the field. I love working in tech because there are so many smart brains working on many different things. It’s fascinating to see projects coming to life and people troubleshooting development issues to achieve their success. 2. How did you get started with your Tech Career? I left college before completing my Electrical Engineering degree because even though I enjoyed what I did, I didn‘t feel the spark or passion toward it that made me think I’d enjoy it after graduation. After facing a life crisis, I decided to put my Open Source Intelligence skills on steroids as a distraction. During this time, I came across the TryHackMe website and found myself on a road into Bug Bounty programs, and the rest is history. By the way, I probably should blame a huge chunk of this on amateur radio. Using Raspberry Pi and Beaglebone boards gave me my introduction to Linux, APRS on an old router was my first general introduction to hardware hacking, and SDR/Spectrum Analysis showed me how to detect and identify signals of interest around me. It’s not all you need, but it sure is a good start. 3. If Utopia were a color what color do you think it’d be and why? Blue. Because the ocean is blue, and that’s as close as we’ll get to utopia on Earth as far as I’m concerned. 4. If everything about HackerNoon changed drastically, what is one detail you’d like to keep exactly the same?  OR What’s your favorite thing to do with HackerNoon and why? Browsing user-developed and submitted content. I like reading submitted pieces for the writing competitions and learning about new tools and developments. There are a lot of smart contributors writing articles for HackerNoon, and it’s a great place to find both info about technology and the latest up-and-coming hackers and creators. It also never ceases to amaze me, the ingenuity of the hacking community. There’s a niche for everyone if you’re that way inclined. 5. Tell us more about the things you write/make/manage/build! We write about open-source intelligence, investigative tools, and also provide training content that pairs with our search website. We also love showing others how to use the terminal and command line effectively, so much so we are writing another book about it! And we also spoke before about AV, our electronic counter surveillance toy we are developing. He’s been nicknamed “Snoopy” because he has the ability to see the unseen. Snoopy can be used to detect tracking devices and optical surveillance devices quickly, easily, and without fuss. As you can see, I like to be busy and working on things that interest me, and I’m not scared of being busy. We also appreciate and draw inspiration from the work of groups like Bellingcat and share similar goals in wanting to educate and enlighten people on how to follow where the facts go rather than pushing an agenda. 6. What’s your favorite thing about the internet? The fact that, as an OSINT investigator, I don’t need to know it all; I just need to know where to look for information. I love that I can post a picture of an unknown device and receive a breakdown of what it is and how it works. Or that if I simply have to have an answer for that fact, I can ask a history expert or make a community post. Or maybe I’m troubleshooting a device and need some assistance. And don’t even get me started talking about the impacts of AI and Machine Learning changing the way we view productivity and technology. Lastly, the internet is unique in the way it can both bring people together and divide them all at the same time. 7. It’s an apocalypse of ‘walking dead’ proportions and you can only own a singular piece of technology, what would it be? Solar Powered CyberDeck, of course. Something rugged and reliable with an offline copy of Wikipedia. And possibly all seasons of Walking Dead as my media for…survival tips. And some games because there is no life without games. 8. What is your least favorite thing about the internet? Sockpuppets and Propaganda. We get it, it’s as old as time itself, and the cyber realm is a cheap, effective way to push soft power if you’re that way inclined. Personally, we’d like the internet a lot more if people fact-checked things before they took them as true. 9. If you were given $10 million to invest in something today what would you invest in and why? Cryptocurrency and AI development. Both are much-needed tools for humanity. Crypto for a decentralized way of trading and using currency that isn’t linked to a traditional bank and has less of an ability to be controlled by a single person or entity. And AI because the impact this new tech will have on humanity at large is as yet undetermined. In the right hands, AI and LLM have the power to change humanity and how we engage with the world around us. 10. What’s something you’re currently learning or excited to learn? Without a doubt, AI. It’s exciting to watch AI tech be miniaturized and achieve the capacity to be run locally in a system similar to GPT that has legitimate network connectivity. The effect this will have on everything from web development to pen testing/bug bounty right through to military power I think is not yet fully understood, but the ramifications of it being in the everyday world will be huge. Cyber research and signals identification also get a nod; they are such broad fields that you could study them for years and never stop learning. 11. Would you rather travel 10 years into the past or 10 years into the future? Give reasons for your answer. 10 years into the past for sure. I think having future knowledge in 2013 would have been a wild ride. With everything that’s happened, I think anyone with that insight would have been amazed at what’s to come. Besides, bitcoin prices were good back then; I could have done with that knowledge sooner and kept mining. 12. Tell us a little about your website project. The website project came together after looking at two things. The seriously useful range of tools and software available, as well as a noticeable increase in generalized scams in the post covid era. Hiring an actual investigator can be a costly leap for some people, and we didn’t want people to have to accept a lower level of security because of that. So, Catfisher is under development. It’ll provide usable point and investigative tools streamlined for use, along with tutorials to use them where needed with the hopes it safeguards people against online scams and catfishing. We’d like people to have the option to do things themselves so they can make their own choices rather than having to hire someone, and Catfisher is the first step for us in providing the resources to make that happen.

Investigator515 - An Introduction

ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL-REEFS WITH REFERENCE TO THE THEORY OF THEIR FORMATION

Stories, News & Mentions about BEAGLE

Beagle’s Stories on HackerNoon