The share price of Astral fell to Rs 2,193.30, a drop of 4.8% on BSE as the company reported a 12 percent on-year drop in its net profit. Astral

Astral - Gainers & Losers: BKT, Nestle among 6 stocks that were in spotlight on Saturday | The Economic Times

Q4 Results 17 May 2024 Updates: Investors watched the performance of players like Godrej Industries, Shipping Corporation of India, NHPC, JSW Steel, Zydus Lifesciences, Astral, ZEE, Balrampur Chini Mills, among others.

Q4 Results 2024 Updates: JSW Steel, Godrej Industries, NHPC, Zydus Lifesciences, Astral, ZEE more announced earnings today - Industry News | The Financial Express

Astral stock has delivered returns of around 64 percent in the last three years, outpacing Nifty returns of around 48 percent during this period.

Astral stock cracks 5% on disappointing Q4 results; profit, margins slip

In March 2012, Bell Media announced its intent to acquire Astral for $3.38 billion. Although an attempt to purchase the entirety of the company was blocked under competition law, the CRTC approved a revised offer on June 27, 2013, which saw various Astral specialty channels and radio stations ...

Astral Media - Wikipedia

Astral Ltd Share Price, 25-02-2024: Get Astral Ltd latest news on BSE/NSE stock price live updates, Astral Ltd financial results and overview, Astral Ltd stock price history, statistics overview, Astral Ltd stock details like week low and high, monthly and yearly low high, Astral Ltd share ...

Astral Company History Information

Look up astral in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Astral - Wikipedia

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Astral Pipes is leading Pipes &amp; fitting manufacturers company in India. Provides different types of water pipes all over. For more details, contact us on 1800 233 7957

CPVC Pipes & Fittings Manufacturers in India | Astral Pipes

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Astral is a proud part of The Wilbert Group of companies supporting the Funeral Service Industry. Founded in 1972, Astral began to produce some of the best steel burial caskets offered in the United States. Today, Astral offers a full range of caskets in metal, solid wood, engineered and veneer ...

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The Complex Road From P to NP: The Magic of the Solution Space

P থেকে NP পর্যন্ত জটিল রাস্তা: সমাধান স্থানের যাদু

Der komplexe Weg von P nach NP: Die Magie des Lösungsraums

El complejo camino de P a NP: la magia del espacio de soluciones

La route complexe de P à NP : la magie de l'espace de solution

पी से एनपी तक का जटिल रास्ता: समाधान स्थान का जादू

P から NP への複雑な道: 解空間の魔法

P에서 NP까지의 복잡한 길: 솔루션 공간의 마법

O caminho complexo de P a NP: a magia do espaço de soluções

Сложный путь от P до NP: магия пространства решений

P'den NP'ye Giden Karmaşık Yol: Çözüm Alanının Sihri

Con Đường Phức Tạp Từ P Đến NP: Sự Kỳ Diệu Của Không Gian Giải Pháp

从 P 到 NP 的复杂之路：解决方案空间的魔力

The entire market sentiment in December was dominated by the wealth effect, with ORDI’s thousandfold increase in active Inscription. A hundredfold increase was driven by $MOBILE in the DePIN. The Starknet airdrop plan has been continuously mentioned since the beginning of the month. The first two experienced explosions after a long period of silence; Starknet, on the other hand, was already hailed as an L2 star project alongside Arbitrum, Optimism, and zkSync a year ago: Raised $260 million with a valuation of $8 billion; TVL surpassed the $100 million mark, attracting an increasing number of users. Combined with the Optimism airdrop in June last year and the Arbitrum airdrop in March, which brought case after case of financial freedom, people’s expectations for the Starknet airdrop are at an all-time high. On December 1st, the Starknet Foundation announced that they had taken a snapshot for the airdrop and would distribute STRK tokens to past active users and contributors in the first quarter of 2024, unlocking previously distributed tokens. Early entrants are marking their calendars, eagerly awaiting the drawing; some are concerned that their interaction depth may not be enough to receive a substantial airdrop, and there are those who haven’t participated at all. Can outsiders only silently observe the celebration of others? Although Starknet has finalized the snapshot, most of the protocols on Starknet have not yet disclosed their airdrop plans. Based on past experience, most projects on these star ecosystems are likely to issue their own tokens. For example, Astraly, the token distribution platform on Starknet, has explicitly mentioned future airdrop plans in community responses: Official Support + Star Effect Starknet strongly supports projects in its own ecosystem: “Devonomics Pilot Program”: This program will distribute 10% of all transaction operator fees to developers building on Starknet since its launch in November of last year, totaling 1600 ETH. Of this, 8% will be allocated to dApp developers, providing 1280 ETH, and 2% will be allocated to core developers, providing 320 ETH. In the future, allocations will switch to using the Starknet token STRK. With official support and the star effect of Starknet itself, there are countless projects in the ecosystem: How do you find Alpha projects? Projects in the official recommended list have a basic guarantee of quality. However, referring to Starknet’s recommended page, even The Best Starknet Dapps recommended by the official has nearly 100 projects. The time and effort required for interaction with 100 projects are relatively high. How to quickly experience these projects? Solution: task platforms. For projects in need of growth, active project parties will choose to release activities through task platforms to attract users. Compared to well-established Web2 task platforms like Gleam, more and more Web3 platforms are widely adopted because they support the release of on-chain tasks. How extensive is the coverage of these Web3 task platforms? Referring to the recommended cross-chain bridge projects on the Starknet official page, it can be seen that the project coverage on task platforms is relatively high. Although not complete, one website can understand the most recommended projects and directly participate in project activities, saving a lot of time and effort. The wealth effect dominated the entire market sentiment in December. In Galxe, TaskOn, and similar platforms, the main purpose of launching activities is to attract users, so the threshold for tasks is relatively low and easy to complete. Common task configurations include following social media, joining communities, and completing PoW tasks or entry-level on-chain tasks to help users quickly familiarize themselves with the product. For understanding a project, this is the best start. The rewards for these activities are also diverse, including NFTs, whitelist spots, stablecoins, Discord roles, etc. Platforms like Galxe OAT and TaskOn’s CAP offer official NFT credentials, serving as on-chain proof of a user’s contribution to a project’s activity. While you may not become an early participant in the Starknet ecosystem, you can still be an early user of these applications. Starting with task platforms, you can quickly find your Alpha project. Also published . here

Starknet's Astronomical Rise and Potential Airdrop Opportunities with the Starknet Eco

Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871 by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Business and Personal here Business and Personal The Charge for Insertion under this head is One Dollar a Line. If the Notices exceed Four Lines, One Dollar and a Half per Line will be charged. The paper that meets the eye of manufacturers throughout the United States—Boston Bulletin, $4.00 a year. Advertisements 17c. a line. Half Interest for sale in established Machinery Depot, new and second-hand. Steam fitting connected. Small capital, with energy, required. Address T. V. Carpenter, Advertising Agent, Box 773, New York. See advertisement of a Woolen Mill for sale. A bargain. I am active, have a clear record, and some capital. How can I make some money? F. Carmill, Box 1268, Boston, Mass. Pattern Letters for Machinists, Molders, and Inventors, to letter patterns of castings, all sizes. Address H. W. Knight, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Improved mode of Graining Wood, pat. July 5, '70, by J. J. Callow, Cleveland, O. See illustrated S. A., Dec. 17, '70. Send stamp for circular. Can a round, spring-steel rod be drawn to any desired length, with a true taper to a point, with equal elasticity the whole length, and rolled temper? What is the price per hundred pounds, and where can they be procured? Answer "Sportsman," Malone, N. Y. Manufacturers of Foot Lathes and other light machinery please address Geo. B. Kirkham, 167 E. 33d st., N. Y. city. Business of importance! Safety Kerosene Lamps (Perkins & House's Patent). Explosion or breaking impossible; light equal to gas, and no odor. Families supplied and canvassers appointed, by Montgomery & Co., 42 Barclay st., New York, or Cleveland, O. All parties wanting a water wheel will learn something of interest by addressing P. H. Wait, Sandy Hill, N. Y., for a free circular of his Hudson River Champion Turbine. Ashcroft's Low Water Detector, $15; thousands in use; 17 year's experience. Can be applied for $1. Send for circular. E. H. Ashcroft, Boston, Mass. Wanted.—Machines for manufacturing Pails, Tubs, and Matches. Also, competent man to superintend construction of buildings, and manage all parts of business when complete. Address, with descriptive circulars, price, etc., No. 266 Lexington avenue, New York. Turbine Water Wheels, Portable and Stationary Engines, Gang and Circular Saw Mills, Rolling Mill Machinery, and Machinery for Axe Manufacturers, manufactured by Wm. P. Duncan, Bellefonte, Pa. For best Power Picket Header in use, apply to Wm. P. Duncan, Bellefonte, Pa. New Blind Wirer and Rod Cutter. B. C. Davis & Co., Binghamton, N. Y. Self-testing Steam Gage. There's a difference between a chronometer watch and a "bull's eye." Same difference between a self-tester and common steam gage. Send for Circular. E. H. Ashcroft, Boston, Mass. See advertisement of L. & J. W. Feuchtwanger, Chemists, N. Y. $3.50. Stephens' Patent Combination Rule, Level, Square, Plumb, Bevel, etc. See advertisement in another column. Agents wanted. American Boiler Powder Co., Box 315, Pittsburgh, Pa., make the only safe, sure, and cheap remedy for "Scaly Boilers." Orders solicited. Belting that is Belting.—Always send for the Best Philadelphia Oak-Tanned, to C. W. Arny, Manufacturer, 301 Cherry st., Phil'a. E. Howard & Co., Boston, make the best Stem-winding Watch in the country. Ask for it at all the dealers. Office 15 Maiden Lane, N. Y. For mining, wrecking, pumping, drainage, and irrigating machinery, see advertisement of Andrews' Patents in another column. The best place to get Working Models and parts is at T. B. Jeffery's, 160 South Water st., Chicago. Brown's Coalyard Quarry & Contractors' Apparatus for hoisting and conveying material by iron cable. W. D. Andrews & Bro, 414 Water st., N. Y. Improved Foot Lathes. Many a reader of this paper has one of them. Selling in all parts of the country, Canada, Europe, etc. Catalogue free. N. H. Baldwin, Laconia, N. H. Peteler Portable R. R. Co. contractors, graders. See adv'ment. E. P. Peacock, Manufacturer of Cutting Dies, Press Work. Patent Articles in Metals, etc. 55 Franklin st., Chicago. Peck's Patent Drop Press. Milo Peck & Co., New Haven, Ct. Millstone Dressing Diamond Machine—Simple, effective, durable. For description of the above see Scientific American, Nov. 27th, 1869. Also, Glazier's Diamonds. John Dickinson, 64 Nassau st., N. Y. Steel name stamps, figures, etc. E. H. Payn, M'f'r, Burlington, Vt. Cold Rolled-Shafting, piston rods, pump rods, Collins pat. double compression couplings, manufactured by Jones & Laughlins, Pittsburgh, Pa. Keuffel & Esser 116 Fulton st., N. Y., the best place to get 1st-class Drawing Materials, Swiss instruments, and Rubber Triangles and Curves. For Solid Wrought-iron Beams, etc., see advertisement. Address Union Iron Mills, Pittsburgh, Pa., for lithograph, etc. For the best Self-regulating Windmill in the world, to pump water for residences, farms, city buildings, drainage, and irrigation, address Con. Windmill Co., 5 College Place, New York. The Merriman Bolt Cutter—the best made. Send for circulars. H. B. Brown & Co., Fair Haven, Conn. Taft's Portable Hot Air, Vapor and Shower Bathing Apparatus. Address Portable Bath Co., Sag Harbor, N. Y. (Send for Circular.) Glynn's Anti-Incrustator for Steam Boilers—The only reliable preventive. No foaming, and does not attack metals of boilers. Price 25 cents per lb. C. D. Fredricks, 587 Broadway, New York. For Fruit-Can Tools, Presses, Dies for all Metals, apply to Bliss & Williams, successor to May & Bliss, 118, 120, and 122 Plymouth st., Brooklyn, N. Y. Send for catalogue. 2d-hand Worthington, Woodward and Novelty Pumps, Engines 25 to 100 H.P., 60 Horse Loc. Boiler. W. D. Andrews & Bro., 414 Water st., N. Y. Agents wanted, to sell the Star Bevel. It supersedes the old style. Send for Circular. Hallett & White, West Meriden, Conn. English and American Cotton Machinery and Yarns, Beam Warps and Machine Tools. Thos. Pray, Jr., 57 Weybosset st., Providence, R. I. For small, soft, Gray Iron Castings, Japanned, Tinned, or Bronzed, address Enterprise Manufacturing Company, Philadelphia. Conklin's Detachable Rubber Lip, for bowls, etc., works like a charm. For Rights, address O. P. Conklin, Worcester, Mass., or A. Daul, Philadelphia, Pa. To Ascertain where there will be a demand for new machinery or manufacturers' supplies read Boston Commercial Bulletin's Manufacturing News of the United States. Terms $4.00 a year. Facts for the Ladies. In 1870, Mrs. W. made, with her Wheeler & Wilson machine, 2,255 vests, besides doing her family sewing for six persons. The Pittsburgh, Pa., "Leader" says: "The firm of Geo. P. Rowell & Co. is the largest and best Advertising Agency in the United States, and we can cheerfully recommend it to the attention of those who desire to advertise their business scientifically and systematically in such a way; that is, to secure the largest amount of publicity for the least expenditure of money." at American Institute Fair for 1870, Pratt's Astral Oil was pronounced the safest and best. After an exhaustive trial, Its Varieties, Causes, Symptoms, and Cure. By E. P. Miller, M.D. Paper, 50cts.; Muslin, $1. Address Miller, Haynes & Co., 41 West Twenty-sixth st., New York city. Dyspepsia: How Wasted and How Preserved; or, Abuses of the Sexual Function, their Causes Effects and Means of Cure. By E. P. Miller M.D. Paper, 50cts. Address Miller, Haynes & Co., 41 West Twenty-sixth st., New York city. Vital Force: About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2006). Scientific American, Volume XXIV., No. 12, March 18, 1871. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19180/pg19180-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

Business and Personal

LONDON, United Kingdom, October 24th, 2023/Chainwire/Fans Everywhere Can Compete to Win $1,000,000 in Crypto, and Enter to Win Over $50K Worth of CS2 Skins. During the Roobet Cup Oct. 25 – Nov. 2 Roobet, the pioneering entertainment brand and next-generation crypto casino, is revolutionizing the way fans can experience esports tournaments with a first-of-its-kind $1,000,000 Roobet Picks contest. The million-dollar tournament will be held on the company’s completely free-to-play social casino for the 2023 Roobet Cup CS2 Tournament running Oct. 25 – Nov. 2. Roobet.fun In honor of the tournament’s second year, Roobet will give fans the chance to win up to $1,000,000 - with 9 days of pick’ems if participants guess 8 questions correctly each day about the Roobet Cup. Every participant who enters the Roobet Cup pick’em contest will also be entered into a daily CS2 Skin raffle for the tournament’s duration. Over the 9-day period, the daily raffle will award over $50,000 in factory new CS2 skins, including four Bayonet Fade skins per day (32 total) leading up to a grand prize Dragon Lore on the final day of the tournament. To commemorate the event and the launch of CS2, Roobet will also be selling limited edition shirts for the Roobet Cup event on Roobet.style. “Roobet is not just a casino: it’s a club, for every kind of sports and gaming enthusiast,” said Anthony Brennan, Roobet Co-Founder and Head of Partnerships. “We are always seeking out new ways for fans to participate in their favorite sports, and to empower community connection through competition - and our pick’em contests on Roobet.fun provide them with the chance to participate in the fun and win amazing prizes, all completely free.” The 2023 Roobet Cup will feature 16 of the world’s top CS2 Teams competing over 9 days for a $250,000 prize pool. Teams include Virtus.pro, 9INE, FNATIC, 9z, BIG, Ninjas in Pyjamas, Furia, Astralis, Heroic, Aurora, Monte, Eternal Fire, OG Esports, Movistar Riders, Apeks and Team Spirit. Casters will include Hosts/Analysts Veracity, kassad, and Bleh; and commentators Dinko, HenryG, Moses, and Anders. Players can look forward to enjoying a variety of separate predictor quizzes on Roobet Picks, completely free, every day. Roobet Picks covers the biggest competitive sports in the world, offering daily games, ranging from the National Football League, UFC, boxing, the English Premier League, to esports, with more leagues and competitions coming soon. Available now to most fans in the US and worldwide, Roobet Picks is a free-to-play prediction platform where players will be eligible for millions in cash prizes, paid out in crypto. The game is available on Roobet.fun and uses a quiz-based approach where users answer eight questions about upcoming game outcomes and player performance. The more they get right, the higher their max potential crypto reward. About ROOBET.FUN is designed with the next generation of gamers in mind. With Roobet.fun catering to those trying out crypto or simply enjoying free-to-play games, and Roobet.com continuing its industry-leading innovation in the crypto casino space, the Roobet brand is redefining the entertainment landscape and leading the way in inclusive and creator-led gaming. Roobet is creating a space for every type of gamer. Roobet.fun What started as a haven for crypto enthusiasts has hit the mainstream: with over 300M views on TikTok, the drumbeat from Gen Z and Millennials is building – Roobet.fun is a brand "for the internet, by the internet." For more information: | | | Official Website Twitter Instagram TikTok Roobet.fun is available in all US states and territories except Kentucky, Florida, New York, Washington and Nevada, and worldwide except the United Kingdom, Australia, North Korea, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, India, Philippines, Malta, and Iran. Contact Roobet Team media@roobet.com This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Brand As An Author Program. Learn more about the program . here

Roobet Cup Launches $1 Million Pick-em Contest And CS2 Skin Giveaway

Roobet Cup চালু করেছে $1 মিলিয়ন পিক-এম প্রতিযোগিতা এবং CS2 স্কিন গিভওয়ে

Roobet Cup startet 1-Millionen-Dollar-Pick-em-Wettbewerb und CS2-Skin-Gewinnspiel

Roobet Cup lanza un concurso Pick-em de $1 millón y un sorteo de aspectos CS2

La Roobet Cup lance un concours Pick-em d'un million de dollars et un cadeau de skin CS2

रूबेट कप ने $1 मिलियन की पिक-एम प्रतियोगिता और सीएस2 स्किन गिववे लॉन्च की

Roobet Cup が 100 万ドルの Pick-em コンテストと CS2 スキンのプレゼントを開始

Roobet Cup, 100만 달러 상당의 Pick-em 콘테스트 및 CS2 스킨 경품 행사 시작

Roobet Cup lança concurso Pick-em de US$ 1 milhão e sorteio de skins CS2

Roobet Cup запускает конкурс Pick-em на 1 миллион долларов и раздачу скинов CS2

Roobet Kupası 1 Milyon Dolarlık Seçim Yarışmasını ve CS2 Kostüm Hediyesini Başlatıyor

Roobet Cup phát động cuộc thi Pick-em trị giá 1 triệu đô la và tặng skin CS2

Roobet Cup 推出价值 100 万美元的 Pick-em 竞赛和 CS2 皮肤赠品

A Treatise on Domestic Economy; For the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School by Catharine Esther Beecher, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ON FIRES AND LIGHTS. here CHAPTER XXV. ON FIRES AND LIGHTS. A shallow fireplace saves wood, and gives out more heat than a deeper one. A false back, of brick, may be put up in a deep fireplace. Hooks, for holding up the shovel and tongs, a hearth-brush and bellows, and brass knobs to hang them on, should be furnished to every fireplace. An iron bar, across the andirons, aids in keeping the fire safe, and in good order. Steel furniture is more genteel, and more easily kept in order, than that made of brass. Use green wood, for logs, and mix green and dry wood for the fire; and then the woodpile will last much longer. Walnut, maple, hickory, and oak, wood, are best, chestnut or hemlock is bad, because it snaps. Do not buy a load, in which there are many crooked sticks. Learn how to measure and calculate the solid contents of a load, so as not to be cheated. Have all your wood split, and piled under cover, for Winter. Have the green wood logs in one pile, dry wood in another, oven-wood in another, kindlings and chips in another, and a supply of charcoal to use for broiling and ironing, in another place. Have a brick bin, for ashes, and never allow them to be put in wood. When quitting fires, at night, never leave a burning stick across the andirons, nor on its end, without quenching it. See that no fire adheres to the broom or brush; remove all articles from the fire, and have two pails, filled with water, in the kitchen, where they will not freeze. Stoves and Grates. Rooms, heated by stoves, should always have some opening for the admission of fresh air, or they will be injurious to health. The dryness of the air, which they occasion, should be remedied, either by placing a vessel, filled with water, on the stove, or by hooking a long and narrow pan, filled with water, in front of the grate; otherwise, the lungs or eyes may be injured. A large number of plants in a room, prevents this dryness of the air. Openings for pipes, through floors, partitions, or fireboards, should be surrounded by tin, to prevent their taking fire. Lengthening a pipe, will increase its draught. For those, who use , that which is broken or screened, is best for grates, and the nut-coal, for small stoves. Three tons are sufficient, in the Middle States, and four tons in the Northern, to keep one fire through the Winter. That which is bright, hard, and clean, is best; and that which is soft, porous, and covered with damp dust, is poor. It will be well to provide two barrels of charcoal, for kindling, to every ton of anthracite coal. Grates, for coal, should have a flue nearly as deep as the grate; and the bars should be round, and not close together. The better draught there is, the less coal-dust is made. Every grate should be furnished with a poker, shovel, tongs, blower, coal-scuttle, and holder for the blower. The latter may be made of woollen, covered with old silk, and hung near the fire. anthracite coal bituminous Coal-stoves should be carefully put up, as cracks, in the pipe, especially in sleeping rooms, are dangerous. On Lights. Lamps are better than candles, as they give a steadier light, and do not scatter grease, like tallow candles. The best oil, is clear, and nearly colorless. Winter-strained oil should be used in cold weather. Lard is a good substitute for oil, for astral and other large lamps. It is cheaper, burns clearer, and has a less disagreeable smell. It will not burn so well in small lamps, as in large ones. Melt it every morning, in an old pitcher, kept for the purpose. Oil, long kept, grows thick, and does not burn well. It is therefore best not to buy it in large quantities. It should never be left standing in lamps, for several days, as this spoils it, and often injures the lamps. Camphine is a kind of oil manufactured in New York, which does not smell disagreeably, nor make grease-spots, and gives a brighter light than the best oil. Cleanse the insides of lamps and oil-cans, with pearlash-water. Be careful to drain them well, and not to let any gilding, or bronze, be injured by the pearlash-water coming in contact with it. Put one tablespoonful of pearlash to one quart of water. The care of lamps requires so much attention and discretion, that many ladies choose to do this work, themselves, rather than trust it with domestics. To do it properly, provide the following things:—An old waiter, to hold all the articles used; a lamp-filler, with a spout, small at the end, and turned up to prevent oil from dripping; a ball of wickyarn, and a basket to hold it; a lamp-trimmer, made for the purpose, or a pair of scissors; a small soap-cup and soap; some pearlash, in a broad-mouthed bottle; and several soft cloths, to wash the articles, and towels, to wipe them. If every thing, after being used, is cleansed from oil, and then kept neatly, it will not be so unpleasant a task, as it usually is, to take care of lamps. sharp Wash the shade of an astral lamp, once a week, and the glass chimney oftener. Take the lamp to pieces, and cleanse it, once a month. Keep dry fingers, in trimming lamps. To raise the wick of an astral lamp, turn it to the right; to lower it, turn it to the left. Trim it, after it has been once used; and, in lighting it, raise it to the proper height, as soon as may be, or it will either smoke, or form a crust. Renew the wick, when only an inch and a half long. Close-woven wicks are better than those which are loose. Dipping wicks in vinegar, makes them burn clearer than they otherwise would. Plain shades do not injure the eyes, like cut ones; and prints and pictures appear better by them, than by the others. Lamps should be lighted with a strip of folded or rolled paper, kept on the mantelpiece. Weak eyes should always be shaded from the lights. Small screens, made for the purpose, should be kept at hand. A person with weak eyes, can use them, safely, much longer, when they are shaded from the glare of the light, than if they are not so. Fill the entry-lamp, every day, and cleanse and fill night-lanterns, twice a week, if used often. Provide small, one-wicked lamps, to carry about; and broad-bottomed lamps, for the kitchen, as these are not easily upset. A good night-lamp is made, with a small one-wicked lamp and a roll of tin to set over it. Have some holes made in the bottom of this cover, and it can then be used to heat articles. Very cheap floating tapers, can be bought, to burn in a teacup of oil through the night. Wickyarn, drawn repeatedly through melted wax, till stiff and smooth, makes a good taper, for use in sealing letters. It can be twined in fanciful forms, and kept on the writing-table. To make Candles. The nicest candles, are run in moulds. For this purpose, melt together one quarter of a pound of white wax, one quarter of an ounce of camphor, two ounces of alum, and ten ounces of suet or mutton tallow. Soak the wicks, in lime-water and saltpetre, and, when dry, fix them in the moulds, and pour in the melted tallow. Let them remain one night, to cool, then warm them, a little, to loosen them, draw them out, and, when hard, put them in a box, in a dry and cool place. To make dipped candles, cut the wicks of the right length, double them over rods, and twist them. They should first be dipped in lime-water, or vinegar, and dried. Melt the tallow in a large kettle, filling it to the top with hot water, when the tallow is melted. Put in wax, and powdered alum, to harden them. Keep the tallow hot, over a portable furnace, and fill up the kettle, with hot water, as fast as the tallow is used up. Lay two long strips of narrow board, on which to hang the rods; and set flat pans under, on the floor, to catch the grease. Take several rods at once, and wet the wicks in the tallow; and, when cool, straighten and smooth them. Then dip them, as fast as they cool, until they become of the proper size. Plunge them obliquely, and not perpendicularly; and when the bottoms are too large, hold them in the hot grease, till a part melts off. Let them remain one night, to cool; then cut off the bottoms, and keep them in a dry, cool place. Cheap lights are made, by dipping rushes in tallow. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Catharine Esther Beecher (2007). A Treatise on Domestic Economy; For the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/21829/pg21829-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ON FIRES AND LIGHTS.

THE UNCONSCIOUS ORIGIN OF THE HERO

Psychology of the Unconscious by C. G. Jung, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ASPECTS OF THE LIBIDO here CHAPTER I - ASPECTS OF THE LIBIDO Before I enter upon the contents of this second part, it seems necessary to cast a backward glance over the singular train of thought which the analysis of the poem “The Moth to the Sun” has produced. Although this poem is very different from the foregoing Hymn of Creation, closer investigation of the “longing for the sun” has carried us into the realm of the fundamental ideas of religion and astral mythology, which ideas are closely related to those considered in the first poem. The creative God of the first poem, whose dual nature, moral and physical, was shown especially clearly to us by Job, has in the second poem a new qualification of astral-mythological, or, to express it better, of astrological character. The God becomes the sun, and in this finds an adequate natural expression quite apart from the moral division of the God idea into the heavenly father and the devil. The sun is, as Renan remarked, really the only rational representation of God, whether we take the point of view of the barbarians of other ages or that of the modern physical sciences. In both cases the sun is the parent God, mythologically predominantly the Father God, from whom all living things draw life; He is the fructifier and 128creator of all that lives, the source of energy of our world. The discord into which the soul of man has fallen through the action of moral laws can be resolved into complete harmony through the sun as the natural object which obeys no human moral law. The sun is not only beneficial, but also destructive; therefore the zodiacal representation of the August heat is the herd-devouring lion whom the Jewish hero Samson killed in order to free the parched earth from this plague. Yet it is the harmonious and inherent nature of the sun to scorch, and its scorching power seems natural to men. It shines equally on the just and on the unjust, and allows useful living objects to flourish as well as harmful ones. Therefore, the sun is adapted as is nothing else to represent the visible God of this world. That is to say, that driving strength of our own soul, which we call libido, and whose nature it is to allow the useful and injurious, the good and the bad to proceed. That this comparison is no mere play of words is taught us by the mystics. When by looking inwards (introversion) and going down into the depths of their own being they find “in their heart” the image of the Sun, they find their own love or libido, which with reason, I might say with physical reason, is called the Sun; for our source of energy and life is the Sun. Thus our life substance, as an energic process, is entirely Sun. Of what special sort this “Sun energy” seen inwardly by the mystic is, is shown by an example taken from the Hindoo mythology. From the explanation of Part III of the “Shvetâshvataropanishad” we take the following quotation, which relates to the Rudra: [204] [205] [206] [207] 129(2) “Yea, the one Rudra who all these worlds with ruling power doth rule, stands not for any second. Behind those that are born he stands; at ending time ingathers all the worlds he hath evolved, protector (he). (3) “He hath eyes on all sides, on all sides surely hath faces, arms surely on all sides, on all sides feet. With arms, with wings he tricks them out, creating heaven and earth, the only God. (4) “Who of the gods is both the source and growth, the Lord of all, the Rudra. Mighty seer; who brought the shining germ of old into existence—may he with reason pure conjoin us.” [208] These attributes allow us clearly to discern the all-creator and in him the Sun, which has wings and with a thousand eyes scans the world. [209] The following passages confirm the text and join to it the idea most important for us, that God is also contained in the individual creature: (7) “Beyond this (world) the Brahman beyond, the mighty one, in every creature hid according to its form, the one encircling Lord of all, Him having known, immortal they become. (8) “I know this mighty man, Sun-like, beyond the darkness, Him (and him) only knowing, one crosseth over death; no other path (at all) is there to go. (11) “... spread over the universe is He the Lord therefore as all-pervader, He’s benign.” The powerful God, the equal of the Sun, is in that one, and whoever knows him is immortal. Going on further with the text, we come upon a new attribute, which informs us in what form and manner Rudra lived in men. [210] (12) “The mighty monarch, He, the man, the one who doth the essence start towards that peace of perfect stainlessness, lordly, exhaustless light. 130(13) “The Man, the size of a thumb, the inner self, sits ever in the heart of all that’s born, by mind, mind ruling in the heart, is He revealed. That they who know, immortal they become. (14) “The Man of the thousands of heads (and) thousands of eyes (and) thousands of feet, covering the earth on all sides, He stands beyond, ten finger-breadths. (15) “The Man is verily this all, (both) what has been and what will be, Lord (too) of deathlessness which far all else surpasses.” Important parallel quotations are to be found in the “Kathopanishad,” section 2, part 4. (12) “The Man of the size of a thumb, resides in the midst within the self, of the past and the future, the Lord. (13) “The Man of the size of a thumb like flame free from smoke, of past and of future the Lord, the same is to-day, to-morrow the same will He be.” Who this Tom-Thumb is can easily be divined—the phallic symbol of the libido. The phallus is this hero dwarf, who performs great deeds; he, this ugly god in homely form, who is the great doer of wonders, since he is the visible expression of the creative strength incarnate in man. This extraordinary contrast is also very striking in “Faust” (the mother scene): : Mephistopheles I’ll praise thee ere we separate: I see Thou knowest the devil thoroughly: Here take this key. : Faust That little thing! : Mephistopheles Take hold of it, not undervaluing! 131 : Faust It glows, it shines, increases in my hand! : Mephistopheles How much it is worth, thou soon shalt understand, The key will scent the true place from all others! Follow it down!—’twill lead thee to the Mothers Here the devil again puts into Faust’s hand the marvellous tool, a phallic symbol of the libido, as once before in the beginning the devil, in the form of the black dog, accompanied Faust, when he introduced himself with the words: “Part of that power, not understood, Which always wills the bad and always creates the good.” United to this strength, Faust succeeded in accomplishing his real life task, at first through evil adventure and then for the benefit of humanity, for without the evil there is no creative power. Here in the mysterious mother scene, where the poet unveils the last mystery of the creative power to the initiated, Faust has need of the phallic magic wand (in the magic strength of which he has at first no confidence), in order to perform the greatest of wonders, namely, the creation of Paris and Helen. With that Faust attains the divine power of working miracles, and, indeed, only by means of this small, insignificant instrument. This paradoxical impression seems to be very ancient, for even the Upanishads could say the following of the dwarf god: 132(19) “Without hands, without feet, He moveth, He graspeth: Eyeless He seeth, (and) earless He heareth: He knoweth what is to be known, yet is there no knower of Him. Him call the first, mighty the Man. (20) “Smaller than small, (yet) greater than great in the heart of this creature the self doth repose ... etc.” The phallus is the being, which moves without limbs, which sees without eyes, which knows the future; and as symbolic representative of the universal creative power existent everywhere immortality is vindicated in it. It is always thought of as entirely independent, an idea current not only in antiquity, but also apparent in the pornographic drawings of our children and artists. It is a seer, an artist and a worker of wonders; therefore it should not surprise us when certain phallic characteristics are found again in the mythological seer, artist and sorcerer. Hephaestus, Wieland the smith, and Mani, the founder of Manicheism, whose followers were also famous, have crippled feet. The ancient seer Melampus possessed a suggestive name (Blackfoot), and it seems also to be typical for seers to be blind. Dwarfed stature, ugliness and deformity have become especially typical for those mysterious chthonian gods, the sons of Hephaestus, the Cabiri, to whom great power to perform miracles was ascribed. The name signifies “powerful,” and the Samothracian cult is most intimately united with that of the ithyphallic Hermes, who, according to the account of Herodotus, was brought to Attica by the Pelasgians. They are also called μεγάλοι θεοί, the great gods. Their near relations are the “Idaean dactyli” (finger or Idaean 133thumb), to whom the mother of the gods had taught the blacksmith’s art. (“The key will scent the true place from all others! follow it down!—’twill lead thee to the Mothers!”) They were the first leaders, the teachers of Orpheus, and invented the Ephesian magic formulas and the musical rhythms. The characteristic disparity which is shown above in the Upanishad text, and in “Faust,” is also found here, since the gigantic Hercules passed as an Idaean dactyl. [212] [213] [214] [215] The colossal Phrygians, the skilled servants of Rhea, were also Dactyli. The Babylonian teacher of wisdom, Oannes, was represented in a phallic fish form. The two sun heroes, the Dioscuri, stand in relation to the Cabiri; they also wear the remarkable pointed head-covering (Pileus) which is peculiar to these mysterious gods, and which is perpetuated from that time on as a secret mark of identification. Attis (the elder brother of Christ) wears the pointed cap, just as does Mithra. It has also become traditional for our present-day chthonian infantile gods, the brownies (Penates), and all the typical kind of dwarfs. Freud has already called our attention to the phallic meaning of the hat in modern phantasies. A further significance is that probably the pointed cap represents the foreskin. In order not to go too far afield from my theme, I must be satisfied here merely to present the suggestion. But at a later opportunity I shall return to this point with detailed proof. [216] [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] The dwarf form leads to the figure of the divine boy, the , the young Dionysus, Jupiter Anxurus, Tages, and so on. In the vase painting of Thebes, 134already mentioned, a bearded Dionysus is represented as ΚΑΒΕΙΡΟΣ, together with a figure of a boy as Παῖς, followed by a caricatured boy’s figure designated as ΠΡΑΤΟΛΑΟΣ and then again a caricatured man, which is represented as ΜΙΤΟΣ. Μίτος really means thread, but in orphic speech it stands for semen. It was conjectured that this collection corresponded to a group of statuary in the sanctuary of a cult. This supposition is supported by the history of the cult as far as it is known; it is an original Phœnician cult of father and son; of an old and young Cabir who were more or less assimilated with the Grecian gods. The double figures of the adult and the child Dionysus lend themselves particularly to this assimilation. One might also call this the cult of the large and small man. Now, under various aspects, Dionysus is a phallic god in whose worship the phallus held an important place; for example, in the cult of the Argivian Bull—Dionysus. Moreover, the phallic herme of the god has given occasion for a personification of the phallus of Dionysus, in the form of the god Phales, who is nothing else but a Priapus. He is called ἑταῖρος or σύγκωμος Βάκχου . Corresponding to this state of affairs, one cannot very well fail to recognize in the previously mentioned Cabiric representation, and in the added boy’s figure, the picture of man and his penis. The previously mentioned paradox in the Upanishad text of large and small, of giant and dwarf, is expressed more mildly here by man and boy, or father and son. The motive of deformity which is used constantly by the 135Cabiric cult is present also in the vase picture, while the parallel figures to Dionysus and Παῖς are the caricatured Μίτος and Πρατόλαος. Just as formerly the difference in size gave occasion for division, so does the deformity here. puer eternus [223] [224] [225] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] Without first bringing further proof to bear, I may remark that from this knowledge especially strong sidelights are thrown upon the original psychologic meaning of the religious heroes. Dionysus stands in an intimate relation with the psychology of the early Asiatic God who died and rose again from the dead and whose manifold manifestations have been brought together in the figure of Christ into a firm personality enduring for centuries. We gain from our premise the knowledge that these heroes, as well as their typical fates, are personifications of the human libido and its typical fates. They are imagery, like the figures of our nightly dreams—the actors and interpreters of our secret thoughts. And since we, in the present day, have the power to decipher the symbolism of dreams and thereby surmise the mysterious psychologic history of development of the individual, so a way is here opened to the understanding of the secret springs of impulse beneath the psychologic development of races. Our previous trains of thought, which demonstrate the phallic side of the symbolism of the libido, also show how thoroughly justified is the term “libido.” Originally taken from the sexual sphere, this word has become the most frequent technical expression of psychoanalysis, for the simple reason that its significance is wide enough to cover all the unknown and 136countless manifestations of the Will in the sense of Schopenhauer. It is sufficiently comprehensive and rich in meaning to characterize the real nature of the psychical entity which it includes. The exact classical significance of the word libido qualifies it as an entirely appropriate term. Libido is taken in a very wide sense in Cicero: [231] [232] “(Volunt ex duobus opinatis) bonis (nasci) Libidinem et Lætitiam; ut sit lætitia præsentium bonorum: libido futurorum.—Lætitia autem et Libido in bonorum opinione versantur, cum Libido ad id, quod videtur bonum, illecta et inflammata rapiatur.—Natura enim omnes ea, quæ bona videntur, sequuntur, fugiuntque contraria. Quamobrem simul objecta species cuiuspiam est, quod bonum videatur, ad id adipiscendum impellit ipsa natura. Id cum constanter prudenterque fit, ejusmodi appetitionem stoici βούλησιν appellant, nos appellamus voluntatem; eam illi putant in solo esse sapiente, quam sic definiunt; voluntas est quæ quid cum ratione desiderat: quæ autem ratione adversa incitata est vehementius, ea libido est, vel cupiditas effrenata, quæ in omnibus stultis invenitur.” [233] The meaning of libido here is “to wish,” and in the stoical distinction of will, dissolute desire. Cicero used “libido” in a corresponding sense: [234] 137“Agere rem aliquam libidine, non ratione.” [235] In the same sense Sallust says: “Iracundia pars est libidinis.” In another place in a milder and more general sense, which completely approaches the analytical use: “Magisque in decoris armis et militaribus equis, quam in scortis et conviviis libidinem habebant.” [235] Also: “Quod si tibi bona libido fuerit patriæ, etc.” The use of libido is so general that the phrase “libido est scire” merely had the significance of “I will, it pleases me.” In the phrase “aliquam libido urinæ lacessit” libido had the meaning of urgency. The significance of sexual desire is also present in the classics. This general classical application of the conception agrees with the corresponding etymological context of the word, or (with , more ancient ), it pleases me, and or = gladly, willingly. Sanskrit, = to experience violent longing, = excites longing, = eager, = longing, eagerness. Gothic = , and Old High German = love. Moreover, in Gothic, was represented as hope; and Old High German, = to praise, = commendation, praise, glory; Old Bulgarian, = to love, = love; Lithuanian, 138= to praise. It can be said that the conception of libido as developed in the new work of Freud and of his school has functionally the same significance in the biological territory as has the conception of energy since the time of Robert Mayer in the physical realm. It may not be superfluous to say something more at this point concerning the conception of libido after we have followed the formation of its symbol to its highest expression in the human form of the religious hero. libido lubido libet lubet libens lubens lúbhyati lôbhayati lubdha-h lôbha-h liufs liob lubains lobôn lob ljubiti ljuby liáupsinti [236] [237] About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. C. G. Jung (2021). Psychology of the Unconscious. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/65903/pg65903-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ASPECTS OF THE LIBIDO

The Man in the Brown Suit by Agatha Christie, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Chapter XXII CHAPTER XXII (Extract from the diary of Sir Eustace Pedler) I am inclined to abandon my Reminiscences. Instead I shall write a short article entitled “Secretaries I have had.” As regards secretaries, I seem to have fallen under a blight. At one minute I have no secretaries, at another I have too many. At the present minute I am journeying to Rhodesia with a pack of women. Race goes off with the two best-looking, of course, and leaves me with the dud. That is what always happens to me—and, after all, this is my private car, not Race’s. Also Anne Beddingfeld is accompanying me to Rhodesia on the pretext of being my temporary secretary. But all this afternoon she has been out on the observation platform with Race exclaiming at the beauty of the Hex River Pass. It is true that I told her her principal duty would be to hold my hand. But she isn’t even doing that. Perhaps she is afraid of Miss Pettigrew. I don’t blame her if so. There is nothing attractive about Miss Pettigrew—she is a repellent female with large feet, more like a man than a woman. There is something very mysterious about Anne Beddingfeld. She jumped on board the train at the last minute, puffing like a steam-engine for all the world as though she’d been running a race—and yet Pagett told me that he’d seen her off to Durban last night! Either Pagett has been drinking again or else the girl must have an astral body. And she never explains. Nobody ever explains. Yes, “Secretaries I have had.” No. 1, a murderer fleeing from justice. No. 2, a secret drinker who carries on disreputable intrigues in Italy. No. 3, a beautiful girl who possesses the useful faculty of being in two places at once. No. 4, Miss Pettigrew, who, I have no doubt, is really a particularly dangerous crook in disguise! Probably one of Pagett’s Italian friends that he has palmed off on me. I shouldn’t wonder if the world found some day that it had been grossly deceived by Pagett. On the whole, I think Rayburn was the best of the bunch. He never worried me or got in my way. Guy Pagett has had the impertinence to have the stationery trunk put in here. None of us can move without falling over it. I went out on the observation platform just now, expecting my appearance to be greeted with hails of delight. Both the women were listening spellbound to one of Race’s travellers’ tales. I shall label this car—not “Sir Eustace Pedler and Party,” but “Colonel Race and Harem.” Then Mrs. Blair must needs begin taking silly photographs. Every time we went round a particularly appalling curve, as we climbed higher and higher, she snapped at the engine. “You see the point,” she cried delightedly. “It must be some curve if you can photograph the front part of the train from the back, and with the mountain background it will look awfully dangerous.” I pointed out to her that no one could possibly tell it had been taken from the back of the train. She looked at me pityingly. “I shall write underneath it: ‘Taken from the train. Engine going round a curve.’” “You could write that under any snapshot of a train,” I said. Women never think of these simple things. “I’m glad we’ve come up here in daylight,” cried Anne Beddingfeld. “I shouldn’t have seen this if I’d gone last night to Durban, should I?” “No,” said Colonel Race, smiling. “You’d have waked up to-morrow morning to find yourself in the Karoo, a hot, dusty desert of stones and rocks.” “I’m glad I changed my mind,” said Anne, sighing contentedly, and looking round. It was rather a wonderful sight. The great mountains all around, through which we turned and twisted and laboured ever steadily upwards. “Is this the best train in the day to Rhodesia?” asked Anne Beddingfeld. “In the day?” laughed Race. “Why, my dear Miss Anne, there are only three trains a week. Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays. Do you realize that you don’t arrive at the Falls until Saturday next?” “How well we shall know each other by that time,” said Mrs. Blair maliciously. “How long are you going to stay at the Falls, Sir Eustace?” “That depends,” I said cautiously. “On what?” “On how things go at Johannesburg. My original idea was to stay a couple of days or so at the Falls—which I’ve never seen, though this is my third visit to Africa—and then go on to Jo’burg and study the conditions of things on the Rand. At home, you know, I pose as being an authority on South African politics. But from all I hear, Jo’burg will be a particularly unpleasant place to visit in about a week’s time. I don’t want to study conditions in the midst of a raging revolution.” Race smiled in a rather superior manner. “I think your fears are exaggerated, Sir Eustace. There will be no great danger in Jo’burg.” The women immediately looked at him in the “What a brave hero you are” manner. It annoyed me intensely. I am every bit as brave as Race—but I lack the figure. These long, lean, brown men have it all their own way. “I suppose you’ll be there,” I said coldly. “Very possibly. We might travel together.” “I’m not sure that I shan’t stay on at the Falls a bit,” I answered non-committally. Why is Race so anxious that I should go to Jo’burg? He’s got his eye on Anne, I believe. “What are your plans, Miss Anne?” “That depends,” she replied demurely, copying me. “I thought you were my secretary,” I objected. “Oh, but I’ve been cut out. You’ve been holding Miss Pettigrew’s hand all the afternoon.” “Whatever I’ve been doing, I can swear I’ve not been doing that,” I assured her. Thursday night. We have just left Kimberley. Race was made to tell the story of the diamond robbery all over again. Why are women so excited by anything to do with diamonds? At last Anne Beddingfeld has shed her veil of mystery. It seems that she’s a newspaper correspondent. She sent an immense cable from De Aar this morning. To judge by the jabbering that went on nearly all night in Mrs. Blair’s cabin, she must have been reading aloud all her special articles for years to come. It seems that all along she’s been on the track of “The Man in the Brown Suit.” Apparently she didn’t spot him on the Kilmorden—in fact, she hardly had the chance, but she’s now very busy cabling home: “How I journeyed out with the Murderer,” and inventing highly fictitious stories of “What he said to me,” etc. I know how these things are done. I do them myself, in my Reminiscences when Pagett will let me. And of course one of Nasby’s efficient staff will brighten up the details still more, so that when it appears in the Daily Budget Rayburn won’t recognize himself. The girl’s clever, though. All on her own, apparently, she’s ferreted out the identity of the woman who was killed in my house. She was a Russian dancer called Nadina. I asked Anne Beddingfeld if she was sure of this. She replied that it was merely a deduction—quite in the Sherlock Holmes manner. However, I gather that she had cabled it home to Nasby as a proved fact. Women have these intuitions—I’ve no doubt that Anne Beddingfeld is perfectly right in her guess—but to call it a deduction is absurd. How she ever got on the staff of the Daily Budget is more than I can imagine. But she is the kind of young woman who does these things. Impossible to withstand her. She is full of coaxing ways that mask an invincible determination. Look how she has got into my private car! I am beginning to have an inkling why. Race said something about the police suspecting that Rayburn would make for Rhodesia. He might just have got off by Monday’s train. They telegraphed all along the line, I presume, and no one of his description was found, but that says little. He’s an astute young man and he knows Africa. He’s probably exquisitely disguised as an old Kafir woman—and the simple police continue to look for a handsome young man with a scar, dressed in the height of European fashion. I never did quite swallow that scar. Anyway, Anne Beddingfeld is on his track. She wants the glory of discovering him for herself and the Daily Budget. Young women are very cold-blooded nowadays. I hinted to her that it was an unwomanly action. She laughed at me. She assured me that did she run him to earth her fortune was made. Race doesn’t like it, either, I can see. Perhaps Rayburn is on this train. If so, we may all be murdered in our beds. I said so to Mrs. Blair—but she seemed quite to welcome the idea, and remarked that if I were murdered it would be really a terrific scoop for Anne! A scoop for Anne indeed! To-morrow we shall be going through Bechuanaland. The dust will be atrocious. Also at every station, little Kafir children come and sell you quaint wooden animals that they carve themselves. Also mealie bowls and baskets. I am rather afraid that Mrs. Blair may run amok. There is a primitive charm about these toys that I feel will appeal to her. Friday evening. As I feared. Mrs. Blair and Anne have bought forty-nine wooden animals! About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Agatha Christie (2020). The Man in the Brown Suit. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/61168/pg61168-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html.

Abandon my Reminiscences

Trust means being able to conduct on-chain activity without knowing who’s on the other end. Yet, this freedom poses an unprecedented challenge: how to foster trust within a system devoid of central authority. Reputation systems stand as a pivotal solution, rapidly becoming a cornerstone in navigating this trust deficit in the decentralized landscape. In Web3, it’s all about trust. Reputation systems, protocols, algorithms, and tools therefore will act as arbiters of credibility and integrity in this decentralized context. This analysis offers a comprehensive evaluation of reputation systems in the current Web3 environment, focusing on how they are used, how they work, and where they need improvement. Our discussion goes beyond simply understanding reputation systems in the Web3 milieu. It delves into an exhaustive exploration of present trends, gauging the effectiveness of such systems, and provides an insight-led forecast about the evolution of trust within this decentralizing digital world. Role of Reputation Systems Web3 reputation systems, while promising, have their challenges. One of the biggest challenges is the dual role of reputation tokens. Aiming to incentivize high-quality contributions and community activities, these systems' structure and design of reputation tokens present issues related to supply, distribution, and credibility. Current efforts within the space, by DAOs and social platforms alike, have yet to converge on an optimal design. The existing conundrum is around the dual role of reputation tokens - on one hand, they act as a marker of reputation, and, on the other, they serve as a liquid, exchangeable asset. Reputation tokens cannot function both as a trusted marker and a liquid, exchangeable asset. Their transferability means they lose their value as a reputation signal. If they become easily transferable, they risk losing their value as a reputation signal, causing a decline in the reputational capital they were meant to represent. Analysis of Current Reputation Mechanisms in Web3 Web3's reputation landscape already boasts a variety of tools, all striving to establish trust and accountability in decentralized systems. From multi-chain offerings to tools focused on a single chain, the richness of this landscape speaks to the growing importance of reputation systems in the digital world. Reputation Building and Tracking Tools: is an NFT token gating bot that verifies wallets across multiple chains. Collab.Land provides visibility into DAO member contributions by aggregating and curating activity. Karma tracks DAO member reputations and aids in establishing credibility within the NFT space. PNTHN is a decentralized platform for on-chain reputation management. SOURC3 Reputation and Identity Verification Tools: is a security, reputation, and relationship platform that helps users navigate protocols. Pentacle is an identity framework based on W3C recommendations for decentralized identifiers and Verifiable Credentials (VCs). ONT ID lets users prove their identity without revealing it, adding an extra layer of privacy in reputation building. Krebit is a middleware for implementing multi-chain reputation systems in the form of VCs. Orange Protocol leverages Zero-Knowledge Proofs for end-to-end private ID verification. OutDID Reputation in Governance and Contribution: is a data-driven user reputation system that is used for governance and rewards. Metopia develops on-chain reputation primitives and a reputation-based token distribution platform. Astraly is a no-code tool that aids DAO contributors in forming circles or sub-DAOs. Spect helps communities incentivize contributors for their work, underlining the importance of rewarding high-quality participation. SourceCred When assessing DAO reputation tools' effectiveness, we need to consider several factors. First, tools such as Collab.Land and Pentacle have seen substantial adoption, thus validating their effectiveness in managing reputations and facilitating secure interactions. However, their effectiveness is still tied to the strength of governance protocols. We cannot underestimate these tools' impact on Web3 communities. For instance, Karma has enabled clearer visibility into DAO member contributions, fostering a more equitable distribution of rewards. However, interoperability among different platforms remains a challenge, potentially limiting their overall impact. However, potential shortcomings exist. For instance, while Metopia creates a data-based reputation system, the reliance on data poses privacy concerns. Similarly, tools like PNTHN and SourceCred, despite their effectiveness, can face challenges due to the anonymity inherent to the Web3 space, potentially enabling the propagation of false reputations. Lastly, the scalability of these tools in the rapidly expanding Web3 landscape is yet to be tested. Tools like Orange Protocol and Spect, although promising, will need to demonstrate their ability to handle the exponentially increasing user base and complex transactions in the decentralized space. Future of Reputation in Web3: Predictions and Opportunities Looking forward, Web3 reputation systems are set to evolve from a simple measure of social capital to a more sophisticated, holistic, and individualized model Blockchain's transparency will enable more accurate assessments of an individual's or entity's reputation based on their actions, past interactions, and contributions, rather than just popularity or engagement metrics. Innovation offers potential opportunities in the areas of enhanced interoperability and privacy preservation. The current disparate landscape of DAO reputation tools could be unified through standards that allow seamless reputation portability across platforms. Additionally, harnessing zero-knowledge proofs and other cryptographic techniques could provide robust reputation systems that respect privacy, a facet often overlooked but integral to the ethos of Web3. Web3's future could be significantly shaped by the development of these reputation systems. As these systems become more prevalent, they may alter the dynamics of online interaction, creating a more meritocratic digital economy. This shift could also inspire novel business models based on reputation-as-a-service, sparking unprecedented economic and social transformation in the Web3 landscape. Web3's future might feature systems that amalgamate on-chain data into comprehensive reputation proofs. Incorporating transaction data, asset history, and contract interactions, these systems could revolutionize the measurement of online identity, providing a fair and transparent means of assessing reputation. In conclusion, the integration of blockchain technology and novel protocols could redefine online reputation management. As we focus on transparency, fairness, and personalization, we stand on the brink of a transformative shift in digital interaction and trust, as we learn to leverage on-chain and off-chain data.

Trust in Web3: A Comparative Study of the Reputation Tooling Landscape

The world is rapidly evolving, driven by the incredible advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). AI has revolutionized various industries and professions, emphasizing the need for individuals to adapt to these changes to stay ahead of the curve. The integration of AI into our daily lives has opened up new avenues to help us enhance our skills and improve our overall effectiveness. We are excited to present the @ , a revolutionary Telegram Bot powered by , offering designed to cater to your diverse needs. Plasma_GPT_AI_Bot ChatGPT 4 and Midjourney 5 models 160 professional roles https://t.me/plasma_gpt_ai_bot?embedable=true Advantages of the Plasma AI bot over chatGPT 4: The official the number of requests (25 and 4000 tokens), but with the Plasma AI bot, you have as long as you have tokens in your balance. chatGPT 4 limits unlimited requests You can manage 10 AI models and the number of tokens (1000-8000) per request. Through the Plasma AI chat, you will always have access to the earliest updates of chatGPT 4 (5, 6 in the future), as our team is a . premium partner of OpenAI Token purchases are available with any bank card (without regional restrictions) and cryptocurrency. Access to of chatGPT 4 AI assistant. 160+ professional roles Image generation through all popular models, including exclusive in Telegram. Midjourney v5 Free bot usage in groups with 100 or more people. Referral program. The Importance of Prompt Design for Working with ChatGPT 4 Model To fully harness the capabilities of ChatGPT 4, it is essential to understand the importance of crafting suitable prompts. The quality of the questions you ask determines the relevance and usefulness of the answers you receive. By designing appropriate and thought-provoking prompts, you can effectively communicate your needs and ensure that the AI model provides valuable insights tailored to your specific requirements. play a crucial role in working with ChatGPT as they serve as the starting point for generating responses from the model. Properly formulating prompts can significantly affect the quality and usefulness of the responses received. Here are a few key aspects to consider when composing prompts: Prompts : To get an accurate and relevant answer, formulate questions or statements that are clear and specific. This will help the model focus on the desired information and generate a helpful answer. Clarity and specificity : Providing context for your question or statement can help the model better understand your request and provide a more accurate answer. If your question is related to a specific area of knowledge, be sure to include this information in your prompt. Context : In some cases, you may specify the expected format or length of the answer. This can help the model generate an answer that meets your requirements. For example, "list three reasons" or "describe in two sentences." Answer constraints : Avoid ambiguous questions or statements that can be interpreted differently. The model may not understand your point of view or intentions and generate a less accurate or relevant answer. Beware of ambiguity : Since the model may give incorrect or outdated answers, it is recommended always to verify the information obtained from reliable sources before using it. Verify information accuracy : If the initial model answer does not satisfy you, try rephrasing or clarifying your question. This can help the model better understand your request and provide a more suitable answer. Iterative refinement Professional Role Models in Plasma AI Bot The Plasma AI bot boasts an impressive array of , each representing a specific profession or expert task. These roles are based on custom prompts that have been carefully structured to provide accurate and relevant results. The professional roles span across various categories, such as business, development, personal life, medicine, and more. 160 professional roles Integrating these roles in the Plasma AI bot aims to help individuals and professionals amplify their effectiveness tenfold. Whether you need advice on business strategies, insights on personal growth, or expert medical opinions, the Plasma AI bot offers a wealth of knowledge at your fingertips. In developing our prompt models, we drew on the experience of public research in this field. As a result, we've collected optimal prompt models for each role-playing bot, allowing us to accurately maintain maximum expertise within the chosen category. Our prompts contain the following: · Sources of scientific information, articles, and books on the selected topic · References to key experts or well-known personalities in the field (scientists, speakers, businessmen, bloggers) · Terminology and important areas of knowledge · The model's communication style (free-flowing, dialogic, professional, expert, academic). List of 160+ role models in 9 categories of the Plasma AI bot As a result, the following role models were implemented in 9 categories: https://youtu.be/dfLIVXTltAQ?embedable=true 🧑 💻 - Your personal expert in every field of knowledge. Open up new horizons with the masters of their craft, who will become your reliable assistant and partner on the path to success. Conversations with our specialists are similar to professional conversations with experienced employees who are always ready to help. Professions Tax consultant, Marketing manager, Legal consultant, Lawyer, Screenwriter, Recruiter, Software developer/engineer, Accountant, Salesperson, Management consultant, Customer support representative, Financial consultant, Physical therapist, Human resources manager, Project manager, Web developer, Business analyst, Electrician, Mechanical engineer, Real estate agent, Social media manager, Construction worker, IT manager, Architect; - Solve the most complex problems with the help of world-class experts. Our AI will embody the best business practices and strategies to support and promote your enterprise's growth. With us, you can accelerate decision-making by 10x and optimize your work by 100x. 👨 💼 Business Product or company naming, Brand identity, Investor relations, Investment project presentation, Website development, Business plan, Product or service map, Legal structure, Legal contracts and agreements, Financial consultant, Market entry strategy, Market research, Marketing strategy, Email marketing, Community marketing, Sales strategy, Sales presentation, Product presentation, Accounting and tax accounting, IT infrastructure, Crisis management; - Unleash your talented writer with the help of our assistant. It will help you create persuasive and vivid texts that will capture your audience's imagination. Whether it's an advertising slogan or a blog post, your text will be perfect. 📝 Writing/Speaking Poet, Rapper, Singer, Storyteller, YouTuber, Copywriter, Blogger, White Paper Writer, Speechwriter, Journalist, Motivational speaker, Political speaker; 💻 Pro Coder - Development. Become an IT expert with our senior-level AI developer. They will help you master the best practices and technologies and answer all your programming questions. And for those who enjoy hacking, we have several experts in hacking and penetration testing – just for fun! 😜 JavaScript, Python, Java, C++, C#, PHP, TypeScript, Swift, Kotlin, Ruby, Go, Rust, SQL, Dart, Objective-C, Specialist in computer network hacking attacks, Web hacker, Malware analyst, Social engineer, Cryptographer, Exploit developer, Reverse engineer, Wireless penetration tester, Computer security forensic expert, Physical security; 📚 Higher Education. Your AI university is just one click away. Here we have teachers for all university specialties and languages, ready to help you with your studies, writing essays, and dissertations. Our platform is the perfect companion for students and educational institutions. 😇 Teachers - English teacher, Mathematics teacher, Biology teacher, Chemistry teacher, Physics teacher, History teacher, Public administration teacher, Economics teacher, Spanish teacher, French teacher, German teacher, Physical education teacher, Art teacher, Music teacher, Career guidance teacher, Drama and theater teacher, Debate and public speaking teacher, Journalism teacher, Computer science teacher, Elementary school teacher, High school teacher, English as a second language teacher, Social studies teacher. 🧘 ♀ Your friendly psychologist and consultant for personal and family life. Discuss your problems and dreams with our AI, who will help you find harmony and happiness in your life. After all, the best way to solve a problem is to share it with someone who is always ready to listen and offer practical advice. Personal Life. Clinical psychologist, personal psychiatrist, consultant, social worker, family therapist, life coach, career consultant, addiction consultant, mental health consultant, art therapist, music therapist, dance movement therapist, play therapist, rehabilitation consultant. . A private medical institution right in your home. Meet highly qualified medical experts in various specialties, ready to provide you with consultations and recommendations. However, do not forget that AI cannot replace a visit to a real doctor, but only complements the process of taking care of your health. 🏥 Medicine - Private medical institution Therapist, pediatrician, cardiologist, gastroenterologist, oncologist, dermatologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, obstetrician-gynecologist, pulmonologist, rheumatologist, infectious disease specialist, urologist. - Get to know spiritual leaders from all faiths and discuss various aspects of religious teachings with them. This is the perfect place for enlightening discussions, exchanging ideas, and understanding the diversity of worldviews. Respect the opinions of others and discover new horizons. 🙏 Religions Jesus Christ (Christianity), Prophet Muhammad (Islam), Allah (Islam), Krishna (Hinduism), Rama (Hinduism), Buddha (Buddhism), Dalai Lama (Buddhism), Abraham (Judaism), Moses (Judaism), Guru Nanak (Sikhism), Lao Tzu (Taoism), Confucius (Confucianism); - Relax and enjoy pleasant conversations with our entertaining characters. From funny heroes to unusual interlocutors, they are here to give you a smile and distract you from everyday worries. Immerse yourself in a world of fantasy and fun with our exciting roles. 🤪 Fun Roles Friend, Virtual Girlfriend, Virtual Boyfriend, Quiz Master, Chef, Fashion Stylist, Ghost Hunter, Creator of Magic Potions, Interspecies Communication Translator, DIY Expert, Meditation Guide, Pet Consultant, Secret Agent, Astral Travel Guide, Dream Interpreter. Communication with each role is available in any language (English, Russian, etc.). Simply select a role and describe to the bot the task it should solve. Providing as detailed context as possible for the question or task is desirable. : The user can enable or disable the communication context. The bot will consider the correspondence's history when answering new questions if the context is enabled. Context management AI models are used in the bot for generating text and images. is more powerful than any gpt-3.5 model, capable of performing more complex tasks and optimized for chat. It will be updated with our latest model iteration and supports up to 8192 tokens. gpt-4 is a snapshot of gpt-4-32 taken on March 14th, 2023. Unlike gpt-4-32k, this model will not receive updates and will only be supported for three months ending on June 14th, 2023. It supports up to 32,768 tokens. gpt-4-32k-0314 is the most powerful GPT-3.5 model optimized for chat and costs 1/10th the price of text-davinci-003. It will be updated with our latest model iteration. gpt-3.5-turbo is a snapshot of gpt-3.5-turbo taken on March 1st, 2023. Unlike gpt-3.5-turbo, this model will not receive updates and will only be supported for three months ending on June 1st, 2023. gpt-3.5-turbo-0301 is the most powerful GPT-3 model, capable of performing any task that other models can do, often with higher quality, longer outputs, and better instruction following. text-davinci-003 is very capable, but faster than Davinci. text-curie-001 is capable of solving simple tasks and is very fast. text-babbage-001 can perform very simple tasks and is the fastest model in the GPT-3 series. text-ada-001 Models for code generation: The most powerful Codex model. Especially good at translating natural language into code. In addition to code completion, it also supports insertion of additions to the code. code-davinci-002: Almost as efficient as Davinci Codex, but a bit faster. This speed advantage can make it preferable for real-time applications. code-cushman-001: Models for generating AI images: Currently, the Plasma AI bot uses 8 of the most popular models for generating images, including access to the original version of the , which does not have officially open APIs. Try all the models and decide which ones best suit your daily tasks! top Midjourney v5 model Quality and speed of generation with our exclusive Midjourney v5 We plan to add AI for video and audio tasks. Write to us if you have any ideas on this, and we will implement them. Bot as a Community Manager for Telegram Groups You can use the Plasma GPT AI bot as a ❗ community manager in with 250 or more members. As an admin, add the bot and address it with /image or /text. The bot will entertain your community for free with various roles and images. As a bonus, as an admin, you will receive a from all your group members! free Telegram groups 10% referral Use cases: If you have a Python development group, you can connect the bot as a Senior Python Developer and address any questions to it = profit! Or for example, if you have a group of designers, you can have fun generating images on any topic together. Partner system in Plasma AI bot Each bot user has a referral link for inviting other participants or adding the bot to chats. You will receive 10% of all invited participants in USDT to your BEP20 crypto wallet once a month) ! 💸 Profit How to Start Using Plasma AI Bot in Telegram Messenger Getting started with the Plasma AI bot is simple and straightforward. Follow these easy steps to unleash the power of AI in your Telegram messenger: Download and install Messenger on your device if you haven't already. Telegram Search for the in the search bar within the app. @Plasma_GPT_AI_Bot Click on the bot and select "Start" to use the bot. Choose a professional role that best suits your needs and provide a relevant prompt. The Plasma AI bot will process your request and deliver tailored insights based on the chosen professional role. In conclusion, the Plasma AI Telegram Bot, powered by ChatGPT 4 and Midjourney 5, provides an unparalleled opportunity for individuals to access a wide range of professional expertise in a single, easy-to-use platform. By embracing this technology and learning to craft the right prompts, you can tap into a wealth of knowledge and elevate your skills across various domains. So why wait? Get started with the Plasma AI bot today and unlock your true potential.

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