Arriveris in the Autonomous Vehicles Industry

QUALCOMM Incorporated engages in the development and commercialization of foundational technologies for the wireless industry worldwide. It operates through three segments: Qualcomm CDMA Technologies (QCT); Qualcomm Technology Licensing (QTL); and Qualcomm Strategic Initiatives (QSI). The QCT segment develops and supplies integrated circuits and system software based on 3G/4G/5G and other technologies for use in wireless voice and data communications, networking, computing, multimedia, and position location products. The QTL segment grants licenses or provides rights to use portions of its intellectual property portfolio, which include various patent rights useful in the manufacture and sale of wireless products comprising products implementing CDMA2000, WCDMA, LTE and/or OFDMA-based 5G standards and their derivatives. The QSI segment invests in early-stage companies in various industries, including 5G, artificial intelligence, automotive, consumer, enterprise, cloud, IoT, and extended reality, and investments, including non-marketable equity securities and, to a lesser extent, marketable equity securities, and convertible debt instruments. It also provides development, and other services and related products to the United States government agencies and their contractors. The company was incorporated in 1985 and is headquartered in San Diego, California.

Arriver

arriver

THE SPIRITED HONEYMOON

Some of us have our rituals that kickstart our days. For plenty of teams out there, their morning meeting has become just that. Since how you begin your day determines whether it will turn out to be a great day or not, a good standup meeting with your team will have positive effects. standup What is it? The purpose of this is to frame the team’s endeavours for that day for everyone’s benefit. These meetings are typically held every single day at the same time, ideally at the start of the work day, and all team members are expected to attend. This meeting can be held at the same location or remotely via video. meeting You don’t need to be standing up. really The morning standup is also known as the daily meeting, or just Scrum. I prefer using the phrase Stand Up, but just for variety I will be using all these terms interchangeably in this post. Scrum How do you do it? During the meeting each person speaks in turn and answers the following What did they work on yesterday? What will they be working on today? Are there any blocking issues? A civil, quick and efficient standup builds a tight and concrete relationship among team members over time. It is what each team member has committed to, to another team member, or to the daily progress. By having each team member mention what they had been up to on the previous day and current day, a clear picture is painted for everyone’s benefit on what work has been done already and what remains to be accomplished. Each team member takes their turn on addressing the above bullet points. It could take approximately 15 minutes for a 5–7 person team so 3ish minutes per person. These meetings are self-directed and are not lead by a single person. Be creative in figuring out who starts and who speaks next. What time should they start? Let me just throw 10am out there. Some Standup Etiquette Below is an arbitrary non-exhaustive list of certain accepted behaviours for social situations. Maybe you could apply them to your own teams standup. Be civil, on your best behaviour, and have fun. Be on time. Ideally be a minute or two early. A meeting takes 15 minutes. If you arrive 3 minutes late you’ll have missed what one of your team mates has said. Be prepared. You should be able to answer the three questions with little conscious thought. Reflexively one might say. Pay attention and don’t take notes. Leave your phone, tablet, device, smart watch and laptop out of arms reach. Stick to your 3 minutes but don’t cut other people of if they exceed this limit. Encourage time economy privately after the meeting. You can probably do the same privately for those late arrivers too. allotted In other words be a good communicator, show good manners and be respectful to others. What a standup isn’t Some sort of Status Report This is about a team communicating with itself. It is not about reporting individually to a boss or a director, nor is it about a manager collecting information from the team; typically to see what’s running late. A problem solving session or an issue resolution meeting Maybe you have run into an issue or two with you current task. Maybe you are having trouble in one of your implementations. Or maybe there is a tough problem you are tackling and need to pick a brain or to ask for some advice from someone else who knows the subject very well. All this and much more can be carried out immediately after the meeting at your own time at your own pace. Use the meeting as a vehicle to bring up issues which you will resolve later. A social meeting Beyond the stand up lies an entire day for that. Lunch too. Typical obstacles to an effective standup There is some minutiae that determine whether your own standup meeting is useful, effective and moves your team forward, or a poor attempt that doesn’t reach its full potential. These include: Not listening to or not paying attention to your teammates. Actively listening will raise the quality of your meeting and have it fulfil it’s goal which is to communicate what work has been done and what remains to be carried out. Not listening will most likely have the opposite effect and be dispiriting to the person talking. beyond the 3 question format Evolve If you have moved on from the three question format maybe it’s time to reconsider going back to it. The scrum meeting is formulated this way because it provides the maximum communication benefit in the shortest amount of time. Don’t give up on the true capability of the standup. Repeating the same daily task as the day before Feel free to ask if something is holding them up. Maybe there is a blocking issue involved. Be helpful in asking them if they need help and work with them after the standup. And is also why we have daily standup meetings. this Even with these, I should point out that a standup meeting is a waste of time. never The benefits of a Morning Standup Over time these meetings will result into followup conversations among the team thus improving communication and shared knowledge in areas outside individual members domain. This leads to a better understanding of the bigger picture pursuant to the product, service or process you’re developing. To the point Morning Standup Ceremonies are one of the great ways teams have to communicate their tasks, share their knowledge and overall improve their collaboration and race past their goals. Get their full benefit by simply answering the three simple questions together daily along with using the simple recommendations above. You’ll be pleasantly surprised. Always try to have fun. Cover photo by on Hudson Hintze Unsplash

The Morning Standup Ceremony

Hey Hackers! Less than two months after launching version 1.9 of HackerNoon’s mobile app, we're thrilled to unveil the much-anticipated 2.0 version! Let us introduce you to our new features ⬇️ Download or update the app from the Apple App Store here and Google Store here. Full Poll Power: Seamlessly Integrated Across Your Mobile Experience The 2.0 Version has brought HackerNoon’s original polling data, and active technology polls, into The HackerNoon App to help you stay on the pulse of the internet’s trends. Stay in the loop with the latest tech discussions, cast your vote, and contribute your insights to poll topics—all from your phone! Here's how: Navigate to the homepage


Scroll down, and tap on "Poll of the Week"  - this will lead you to a collection of completed polls.


When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, just click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. Once, on the draft page, you can change your title, add images, and write and structure your content however you like - plus, you can add all the story settings and submit your article for review without having to turn on your computer 😎 Protip: When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, such as this one, simply click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. You can also create a new draft on the web versions of HackerNoon polls as well! Simply search for any polls in our Poll database and click on “Write about the results” to get to a new draft with polls results in the feature image. This leads us to the next update… Improved Writing Experience This release also includes major improvements to the mobile writing experience. We added hundreds of story templates to make it easier to start writing and made the headline story function more like Apple Notes and Google Keep, editable in the story draft itself and within story settings. Try some of our writing templates:

Tech Company News in Context
Everyone Should Know About It
Write Your First HackerNoon Top Story
Describe Your Life Hacks
ChatGPT Review Breakthrough ideas can come from tiny keyboards! Faster Authentication and User Settings Last but not least, we also improved and sped up authentication to save you a few precious moments upon opening the HackerNoon App, and changed the user tab so that once you tap it, you’ll get instantly directed to your user profile where you can easily update your information or navigate to settings. Check it out for yourself: Keep the feedback coming! We’ll keep improving! Have a minute? Rate our app here. Hey Hackers! Less than two months after launching version 1.9 of HackerNoon’s mobile app, we're thrilled to unveil the much-anticipated 2.0 version! version 1.9 Let us introduce you to our new features ⬇️ Download or update the app from the Apple App Store here and Google Store here. Download or update the app from the Apple App Store here and Google Store here . here here here here Full Poll Power: Seamlessly Integrated Across Your Mobile Experience The 2.0 Version has brought HackerNoon’s original polling data , and active technology polls , into The HackerNoon App to help you stay on the pulse of the internet’s trends. Stay in the loop with the latest tech discussions, cast your vote, and contribute your insights to poll topics—all from your phone! 2.0 Version original polling data active technology polls Here's how: Here's how: Navigate to the homepage Scroll down, and tap on "Poll of the Week"  - this will lead you to a collection of completed polls. When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, just click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. Navigate to the homepage Navigate to the homepage Scroll down, and tap on "Poll of the Week"  - this will lead you to a collection of completed polls. Scroll down, and tap on "Poll of the Week"  - this will lead you to a collection of completed polls. When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, just click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, just click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. Once, on the draft page, you can change your title, add images, and write and structure your content however you like - plus, you can add all the story settings and submit your article for review without having to turn on your computer 😎 Protip: When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, such as this one, simply click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. You can also create a new draft on the web versions of HackerNoon polls as well! Simply search for any polls in our Poll database and click on “Write about the results” to get to a new draft with polls results in the feature image. Protip : When you see a topic you want to elaborate on, such as this one , simply click “✏️about the results” and it will direct you to a fully editable draft. You can also create a new draft on the web versions of HackerNoon polls as well! Simply search for any polls in our Poll database and click on “Write about the results” to get to a new draft with polls results in the feature image. Protip such as this one such as this one This leads us to the next update… Improved Writing Experience This release also includes major improvements to the mobile writing experience. We added hundreds of story templates to make it easier to start writing and made the headline story function more like Apple Notes and Google Keep, editable in the story draft itself and within story settings. Try some of our writing templates: Tech Company News in Context
Everyone Should Know About It
Write Your First HackerNoon Top Story
Describe Your Life Hacks
ChatGPT Review Try some of our writing templates: Tech Company News in Context Everyone Should Know About It Write Your First HackerNoon Top Story Describe Your Life Hacks ChatGPT Review Tech Company News in Context Tech Company News in Context Everyone Should Know About It Everyone Should Know About It Write Your First HackerNoon Top Story Write Your First HackerNoon Top Story Describe Your Life Hacks Describe Your Life Hacks ChatGPT Review ChatGPT Review Breakthrough ideas can come from tiny keyboards! Faster Authentication and User Settings Last but not least, we also improved and sped up authentication to save you a few precious moments upon opening the HackerNoon App, and changed the user tab so that once you tap it, you’ll get instantly directed to your user profile where you can easily update your information or navigate to settings. Check it out for yourself: Keep the feedback coming! We’ll keep improving! Have a minute? Rate our app here. Have a minute? Rate our app here . here

New Mobile App Update: Version 2.01 Just Landed ✈️

নতুন মোবাইল অ্যাপ আপডেট: সংস্করণ 2.0 জাস্ট ল্যান্ডড ✈️

Neues Update für die mobile App: Version 2.0 ist da ✈️

Nueva actualización de la aplicación móvil: la versión 2.0 acaba de llegar ✈️

Nouvelle mise à jour de l'application mobile : la version 2.0 vient d'arriver ✈️

नया मोबाइल ऐप अपडेट: संस्करण 2.0 अभी आया ✈️

新しいモバイル アプリのアップデート: バージョン 2.0 がリリースされました ✈️

새로운 모바일 앱 업데이트: 버전 2.0 출시 ✈️

Nova atualização do aplicativo móvel: versão 2.0 acaba de chegar ✈️

Новое обновление мобильного приложения: версия 2.0 только что вышла ✈️

Yeni Mobil Uygulama Güncellemesi: Sürüm 2.0 Yeni Çıktı ✈️

Cập nhật ứng dụng di động mới: Phiên bản 2.0 vừa ra mắt ✈️

新的移动应用程序更新：版本 2.0 刚刚发布✈️

If you have not heard before about it till now, Zepto is an Indian startup that delivers groceries in 10mins. You heard it right they claim (attempt or try and do deliver in some SKUs) to deliver groceries in 10mins. To date, the company raised, $360M and is valued at ~$900M. Firstly, I think the 10-minute delivery of most things is unnecessary. The number of things that you need in less than 10mins is far and few in between. This is one of those ideas I might don’t ever want to see in fruition because it’s a waste of a lot of resources. And most importantly this puts the delivery people at risk of getting into accidents and worsens their quality of life further. In terms of customer experience over longer-term Zepto like 10min delivery ideas won’t work because of the feeling a customer gets of mistreating a delivery person. Just looking at the effort it takes for a delivery person to get something to you in 10 minutes makes most people question their beliefs and next time they want to order for a 10 min delivery they will just walk down to the store in their apartment or select the non-10min delivery option which they will have overtime or might already be in place (I haven’t checked). So how will the 10min story end? Is there something that we are not seeing? Why did the Venture arm of Kaiser Permanente (KP) invest in Zepto? And remember KP is not for profit organization known for running one of the world’s largest hospital networks. I can see interesting scenarios play out. Firstly why pursue such an idea? The justification for about 10min on the outer surface is often talked about as customer experience. But in my opinion, it is business jujitsu. I am not sure if the founders think the way I do, but here is what I think. The fact that Zepto offers 10 mins delivery is a good stunt (stunts are not necessarily bad) to acquire new customers, investors including me love a big idea so the money will flow in, you are putting your competition like Swiggy, NinjaCart, BlinkIt and others in an uncomfortable position. They have to adapt to the new game set by Zepto and they will now be operating from a position of weakness than strength because you are driving the narrative. So what will the ending be for Zepto? Here are some scenarios that might play out. Zepto in the process of scaling 10 mins will create one of the largest grocery chains with a significant user base (and losses) and over time moves to a regular delivery model. In this case, looking back, the 10 min delivery is the main go-to-market strategy for creating a new grocery delivery business in India. They will continue to execute the business and over time can exist as an individual company. Competitors in the space both food and grocery delivery will try the 10min delivery, and realize that it is bleeding their cash reserves. Will stumble multiple times. They will realize the best way to solve the 10 min delivery problem is by acquiring Zepto and then shutting it down (or slowing it down significantly). One of the unicorns in the space will make an acquisition offer with partial cash + stock deal. With VC money becoming hard to come by, Zepto might burn through their recently raised $200M in 36-42 months. Failing to raise further capital because of macro conditions, they might get sold for less than the overall investment they raised. In either case, the 10min mania will end and remain as a back burner model. Most companies will say they will deliver some of their SKUs in 10 mins but most deliveries will not be in 10 mins and the status quo will remain in place. One lesson aspiring entrepreneurs should take away from Zepto is to swing for the fences even if it might end up seeming ridiculous to others. Even though I don’t like the fact that Zepto as a business is resource-intensive and as a negative side of modern consumerism, I do admire the confidence of the founders to aim for something big and create a narrative that is making bigger players react. It takes confidence and skill to pull off what they pulled off till now and I admire the gutsy approach!

What Will Happen to Zepto?

¿Qué pasará con Zepto?

Que va-t-il arriver à Zepto ?

ज़ेप्टो का क्या होगा?

ゼプトはどうなる？

O que acontecerá com Zepto?

Điều gì sẽ xảy ra với Zepto?

Zepto 会发生什么？

Now—soft awhile—have I arrived so near the end?

When we arrived at Windsor, I found that Raymond and Perdita had departed for the continent

A Barouche and Four Arrives at Greshamsbury

And now the important day of the election had arrived

The $30,000 Bequest, and Other Stories by Mark Twain, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . CHAPTER IV here CHAPTER IV Five weeks drifted tediously along. The arrived regularly on the Saturdays, but never once contained a mention of Tilbury Foster. Sally's patience broke down at this point, and he said, resentfully: Sagamore “Damn his livers, he's immortal!” Aleck give him a very severe rebuke, and added with icy solemnity: “How would you feel if you were suddenly cut off just after such an awful remark had escaped out of you?” Without sufficient reflection Sally responded: “I'd feel I was lucky I hadn't got caught with it me.” in Pride had forced him to say something, and as he could not think of any rational thing to say he flung that out. Then he stole a base—as he called it—that is, slipped from the presence, to keep from being brayed in his wife's discussion-mortar. Six months came and went. The was still silent about Tilbury. Meantime, Sally had several times thrown out a feeler—that is, a hint that he would like to know. Aleck had ignored the hints. Sally now resolved to brace up and risk a frontal attack. So he squarely proposed to disguise himself and go to Tilbury's village and surreptitiously find out as to the prospects. Aleck put her foot on the dangerous project with energy and decision. She said: Sagamore “What can you be thinking of? You do keep my hands full! You have to be watched all the time, like a little child, to keep you from walking into the fire. You'll stay right where you are!” “Why, Aleck, I could do it and not be found out—I'm certain of it.” “Sally Foster, don't you know you would have to inquire around?” “Of course, but what of it? Nobody would suspect who I was.” “Oh, listen to the man! Some day you've got to prove to the executors that you never inquired. What then?” He had forgotten that detail. He didn't reply; there wasn't anything to say. Aleck added: “Now then, drop that notion out of your mind, and don't ever meddle with it again. Tilbury set that trap for you. Don't you know it's a trap? He is on the watch, and fully expecting you to blunder into it. Well, he is going to be disappointed—at least while I am on deck. Sally!” “Well?” “As long as you live, if it's a hundred years, don't you ever make an inquiry. Promise!” “All right,” with a sigh and reluctantly. Then Aleck softened and said: “Don't be impatient. We are prospering; we can wait; there is no hurry. Our small dead-certain income increases all the time; and as to futures, I have not made a mistake yet—they are piling up by the thousands and tens of thousands. There is not another family in the state with such prospects as ours. Already we are beginning to roll in eventual wealth. You know that, don't you?” “Yes, Aleck, it's certainly so.” “Then be grateful for what God is doing for us and stop worrying. You do not believe we could have achieved these prodigious results without His special help and guidance, do you?” Hesitatingly, “N-no, I suppose not.” Then, with feeling and admiration, “And yet, when it comes to judiciousness in watering a stock or putting up a hand to skin Wall Street I don't give in that need any outside amateur help, if I do wish I—” you “Oh, shut up! I know you do not mean any harm or any irreverence, poor boy, but you can't seem to open your mouth without letting out things to make a person shudder. You keep me in constant dread. For you and for all of us. Once I had no fear of the thunder, but now when I hear it I—” do Her voice broke, and she began to cry, and could not finish. The sight of this smote Sally to the heart and he took her in his arms and petted her and comforted her and promised better conduct, and upbraided himself and remorsefully pleaded for forgiveness. And he was in earnest, and sorry for what he had done and ready for any sacrifice that could make up for it. And so, in privacy, he thought long and deeply over the matter, resolving to do what should seem best. It was easy to reform; indeed he had already promised it. But would that do any real good, any permanent good? No, it would be but temporary—he knew his weakness, and confessed it to himself with sorrow—he could not keep the promise. Something surer and better must be devised; and he devised it. At cost of precious money which he had long been saving up, shilling by shilling, he put a lightning-rod on the house. promise At a subsequent time he relapsed. What miracles habit can do! and how quickly and how easily habits are acquired—both trifling habits and habits which profoundly change us. If by accident we wake at two in the morning a couple of nights in succession, we have need to be uneasy, for another repetition can turn the accident into a habit; and a month's dallying with whiskey—but we all know these commonplace facts. The castle-building habit, the day-dreaming habit—how it grows! what a luxury it becomes; how we fly to its enchantments at every idle moment, how we revel in them, steep our souls in them, intoxicate ourselves with their beguiling fantasies—oh yes, and how soon and how easily our dream life and our material life become so intermingled and so fused together that we can't quite tell which is which, any more. By and by Aleck subscribed to a Chicago daily and for the . With an eye single to finance she studied these as diligently all the week as she studied her Bible Sundays. Sally was lost in admiration, to note with what swift and sure strides her genius and judgment developed and expanded in the forecasting and handling of the securities of both the material and spiritual markets. He was proud of her nerve and daring in exploiting worldly stocks, and just as proud of her conservative caution in working her spiritual deals. He noted that she never lost her head in either case; that with a splendid courage she often went short on worldly futures, but heedfully drew the line there—she was always long on the others. Her policy was quite sane and simple, as she explained it to him: what she put into earthly futures was for speculation, what she put into spiritual futures was for investment; she was willing to go into the one on a margin, and take chances, but in the case of the other, “margin her no margins”—she wanted to cash in a hundred cents per dollar's worth, and have the stock transferred on the books. Wall Street Pointer It took but a very few months to educate Aleck's imagination and Sally's. Each day's training added something to the spread and effectiveness of the two machines. As a consequence, Aleck made imaginary money much faster than at first she had dreamed of making it, and Sally's competency in spending the overflow of it kept pace with the strain put upon it, right along. In the beginning, Aleck had given the coal speculation a twelvemonth in which to materialize, and had been loath to grant that this term might possibly be shortened by nine months. But that was the feeble work, the nursery work, of a financial fancy that had had no teaching, no experience, no practice. These aids soon came, then that nine months vanished, and the imaginary ten-thousand-dollar investment came marching home with three hundred per cent. profit on its back! It was a great day for the pair of Fosters. They were speechless for joy. Also speechless for another reason: after much watching of the market, Aleck had lately, with fear and trembling, made her first flyer on a “margin,” using the remaining twenty thousand of the bequest in this risk. In her mind's eye she had seen it climb, point by point—always with a chance that the market would break—until at last her anxieties were too great for further endurance—she being new to the margin business and unhardened, as yet—and she gave her imaginary broker an imaginary order by imaginary telegraph to sell. She said forty thousand dollars' profit was enough. The sale was made on the very day that the coal venture had returned with its rich freight. As I have said, the couple were speechless, they sat dazed and blissful that night, trying to realize that they were actually worth a hundred thousand dollars in clean, imaginary cash. Yet so it was. It was the last time that ever Aleck was afraid of a margin; at least afraid enough to let it break her sleep and pale her cheek to the extent that this first experience in that line had done. Indeed it was a memorable night. Gradually the realization that they were rich sank securely home into the souls of the pair, then they began to place the money. If we could have looked out through the eyes of these dreamers, we should have seen their tidy little wooden house disappear, and two-story brick with a cast-iron fence in front of it take its place; we should have seen a three-globed gas-chandelier grow down from the parlor ceiling; we should have seen the homely rag carpet turn to noble Brussels, a dollar and a half a yard; we should have seen the plebeian fireplace vanish away and a recherche, big base-burner with isinglass windows take position and spread awe around. And we should have seen other things, too; among them the buggy, the lap-robe, the stove-pipe hat, and so on. From that time forth, although the daughters and the neighbors saw only the same old wooden house there, it was a two-story brick to Aleck and Sally and not a night went by that Aleck did not worry about the imaginary gas-bills, and get for all comfort Sally's reckless retort: “What of it? We can afford it.” Before the couple went to bed, that first night that they were rich, they had decided that they must celebrate. They must give a party—that was the idea. But how to explain it—to the daughters and the neighbors? They could not expose the fact that they were rich. Sally was willing, even anxious, to do it; but Aleck kept her head and would not allow it. She said that although the money was as good as in, it would be as well to wait until it was actually in. On that policy she took her stand, and would not budge. The great secret must be kept, she said—kept from the daughters and everybody else. The pair were puzzled. They must celebrate, they were determined to celebrate, but since the secret must be kept, what could they celebrate? No birthdays were due for three months. Tilbury wasn't available, evidently he was going to live forever; what the nation they celebrate? That was Sally's way of putting it; and he was getting impatient, too, and harassed. But at last he hit it—just by sheer inspiration, as it seemed to him—and all their troubles were gone in a moment; they would celebrate the Discovery of America. A splendid idea! could Aleck was almost too proud of Sally for words—she said never would have thought of it. But Sally, although he was bursting with delight in the compliment and with wonder at himself, tried not to let on, and said it wasn't really anything, anybody could have done it. Whereat Aleck, with a prideful toss of her happy head, said: she “Oh, certainly! Anybody could—oh, anybody! Hosannah Dilkins, for instance! Or maybe Adelbert Peanut—oh, —yes! Well, I'd like to see them try it, that's all. Dear-me-suz, if they could think of the discovery of a forty-acre island it's more than believe they could; and as for the whole continent, why, Sally Foster, you know perfectly well it would strain the livers and lights out of them and they couldn't!” dear I then The dear woman, she knew he had talent; and if affection made her over-estimate the size of it a little, surely it was a sweet and gentle crime, and forgivable for its source's sake. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Mark Twain (2004). The $30,000 Bequest, and Other Stories. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/142/pg142-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

The Sagamore arrived regularly

A Floating City and The Blockade Runners by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Chapter I. here CHAPTER I. On the 18th of March, 1867, I arrived at Liverpool, intending to take a berth simply as an amateur traveller on board the “Great Eastern,” which in a few days was to sail for New York. I had sometimes thought of paying a visit to North America, and was now tempted to cross the Atlantic on board this gigantic boat. First of all the “Great Eastern,” then the country celebrated by Cooper. This steam-ship is indeed a masterpiece of naval construction; more than a vessel, it is a floating city, part of the country, detached from English soil, which after having crossed the sea, unites itself to the American Continent. I pictured to myself this enormous bulk borne on the waves, her defiant struggle with the wind, her boldness before the powerless sea, her indifference to the billows, her stability in the midst of that element which tosses “Warriors” and “Solferinos” like ship’s boats. But my imagination carried me no farther; all these things I did indeed see during the passage, and many others which do not exclusively belong to the maritime domain. If the “Great Eastern” is not merely a nautical engine, but rather a microcosm, and carries a small world with it, an observer will not be astonished to meet here, as on a larger theatre, all the instincts, follies, and passions of human nature. On leaving the station, I went to the Adelphi Hotel. The “Great Eastern” was announced to sail on the 20th of March, and as I wished to witness the last preparations, I asked permission of Captain Anderson, the commander, to take my place on board immediately, which permission he very obligingly granted. The next day I went down towards the basins which form a double line of docks on the banks of the Mersey. The gate-keepers allowed me to go on to Prince’s Landing-Stage, a kind of movable raft which rises and falls with the tide, and is a landing place for the numerous boats which run between Liverpool, and the opposite town of Birkenhead on the left bank of the Mersey. The Mersey, like the Thames, is only an insignificant stream, unworthy the name of river, although it falls into the sea. It is an immense depression of the land filled with water, in fact nothing more than a hole, the depth of which allows it to receive ships of the heaviest tonnage, such as the “Great Eastern,” to which almost every other port in the world is closed. Thanks to this natural condition, the streams of the Thames and the Mersey have seen two immense commercial cities, London and Liverpool, built almost at their mouths, and from a similar cause has Glasgow arisen on the Clyde. At Prince’s Landing-Stage, a small tug in the service of the “Great Eastern” was getting up steam. I went on board and found it already crowded with workmen and mechanics. As the clock in Victoria Tower struck seven, the tender left her moorings and quickly ascended the Mersey with the rising tide. Scarcely had we started, when I saw on the quay a tall young man, with that aristocratic look which so distinguishes the English officer. I thought I recognized in him a friend whom I had not seen for several years, a captain in the Indian army; but I must have been mistaken, for Captain Mac Elwin could not have left Bombay, as I ought to have known, besides Mac Elwin was a gay, careless fellow, and a jovial companion, but this person, if he resembled him in feature, seemed melancholy, and as though burdened with a secret grief. Be it as it may, I had not time to observe him more closely, for the tender was moving rapidly away, and the impression founded on this resemblance soon vanished from my mind. The “Great Eastern” was anchored about three miles up the river, at a depth equal to the height of the tallest houses in Liverpool. She was not to be seen from Prince’s Stage, but I caught a glimpse of her imposing bulk from the first bend in the river. One would have taken her for a small island, hardly discernible in the mist. She appeared with her bows towards us, having swung round with the tide; but soon the tender altered her course, and the whole length of the steam-ship was presented to our view; she seemed what in fact she was—enormous! Three or four colliers alongside were pouring their cargoes of coal into her port-holes. Beside the “Great Eastern,” these three-mast ships looked like barges; their chimneys did not even reach the first line of light-ports in her hull; the yards of their gallant-sails did not come up to her bulwarks. The giant could have hoisted these ships on its davits like shore-boats. Meanwhile the tender approached the “Great Eastern,” whose chains were violently strained by the pressure of the tide, and ranged up to the foot of an immense winding staircase, on the larboard side. In this position the deck of the tender was only on a level with the load water-line of the steam-ship, to which line she would be depressed when in full cargo, and which still emerged two yards. The workmen were now hurriedly disembarking and clambering up the numerous steps which terminated at the fore-part of the ship. I, with head upturned, and my body thrown back, surveyed the wheels of the “Great Eastern,” like a tourist looking up at a high edifice. Seen from the side, these wheels looked narrow and contracted, although their paddles were four yards broad, but in front they had a monumental aspect. Their elegant fittings, the arrangements of the whole plan, the stays crossing each other to support the division of the triple centre rim, the radius of red spokes, the machinery half lost in the shadow of the wide paddle-boards, all this impressed the mind, and awakened an idea of some gigantic and mysterious power. With what force must these wooden paddles strike the waves which are now gently breaking over them! what a boiling of water when this powerful engine strikes it blow after blow! what a thundering noise engulfed in this paddle-box cavern! when the “Great Eastern” goes at full speed, under the pressure of wheels measuring fifty-three feet in diameter and 166 in circumference, weighing ninety tons, and making eleven revolutions a minute. The tender had disembarked her crew; I stepped on to the fluted iron steps, and in a few minutes had crossed the fore-part of the “Great Eastern.” About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (2022). A Floating City and The Blockade Runners. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67829/67829-h/67829-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

On the 18th of March, 1867, I arrived at Liverpool

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This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license.
Authors:
(1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. Table of Links Abstract and Intro
Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis
Annotation tool
Annotation guidelines
Conclusion and future work
Acknowledgements
Bibliographical References Abstract This paper presents a scheme for annotating coreference across news articles, extending beyond traditional identity relations by also considering near-identity and bridging relations. It includes a precise description of how to set up Inception, a respective annotation tool, how to annotate entities in news articles, connect them with diverse coreferential relations, and link them across documents to Wikidata’s global knowledge graph. This multi-layered annotation approach is discussed in the context of the problem of media bias. Our main contribution lies in providing a methodology for creating a diverse cross-document coreference corpus which can be applied to the analysis of media bias by word-choice and labelling. Keywords: coreference resolution, diverse coreference annotation, entity annotation, entity linking, media bias analysis, natural language processing 1. Introduction Coreference is the phenomenon of several expressions in a text all referring to the same person, object, or other entity or event as their referent. Thus, in a narrow sense, analyzing a document with regards to coreference means detecting relations of identity between phrases. The following example (1) illustrates such an identity relation, where coreferential expressions are printed in italics: (1) “Joe Biden arrived in Berlin yesterday, but the president did not come alone.” In (1), the noun phrase “Joe Biden” introduces a new entity while “the president” relates back to that introducing phrase. Within this relation, the introducing phrase “Joe Biden” is called the antecedent while the back-relating phrase “the president” is called an anaphor. Both expressions are coreferential in the way that they refer to the same non-textual entity, namely to the actual ‘realworld’ Joe Biden or at least to a corresponding mental concept. We can think of an antecedent and its anaphora as forming a cluster of mentions that as a whole represents its extra-textual referent within a textual document, as shown in Figure 1. As a task of natural language processing (NLP), coreference resolution has become quite efficient in detecting identity relations between phrases. However, reflecting on how we use language to refer to something, we are forced to realize that coreference in a broader sense is actually far more complex. We can address an entity or event by using a variety of expressions that are in fact not strictly identical to each other. Consider the following examples: (2) “President Biden was clearly not satisfied with today’s outcome. As the White House stated this afternoon, efforts will be made to . . . ” (3) “Even if the young Erdogan used to be pro-Western, Turkey’s president nowadays often acts against Western interests.” (4) “The AfD is circulating a photo of Angela Merkel with a Hijab, although Merkel never wore Muslim clothes.” In these given examples, the highlighted mentions mean ‘almost’ the same, but not completely. In (2), we are aware by world-knowledge that ”the White House” is often used as a substitute expression for the current US president, although the former is a place which in strict terms cannot be identical to the president, who is a person. In (3), on the other hand, both mentions refer to the ’real-world’ person Erdogan, but at different time steps. Finally, in (4), a mention representing the person Merkel is juxtaposed with a mention representing a picture of Merkel. While these two mentions could refer to separate entities, the juxtaposition indicates a connection between both where the attributes of the first mention do influence the perception of the second mention. Hence, we would miss essential semantic connections if we chose not to mark them as coreferential. Having said that, the simple classification of two mentions into coreferential (identical) or noncoreferential (non-identical) does not seem to suffice the complexity of common text data. Instead, we need to allow for diverse coreference clusters that include finer-grained relations lying between identity and non-identity. We need to allow for near-identity relations to mark two mentions that are partially, but not totally, identical (Recasens et al., 2010). In news coverage, identity and near-identity references are extensively used to report on persons, organizations, and other entities of public interest. It is our goal to build up a corpus that contains annotated examples of such diverse forms of coreference. While diverse coreference occurs in all sorts of news media, we focus on digital print media, only. Furthermore, although in practice both entities and events can act as referent, we ignore references to events for now, as their annotation would go beyond the limits of our present scheme.[1] The ordinary business of journalism is to write about current political affairs and other happenings of public interest. These happenings are normally reported by several newspapers at the same time. All of these news articles are considered documents that contain references to the same entities and together form a discourse about them. To include the whole picture of such intradiscursive references, we want our corpus to link document-level clusters with corresponding clusters of other documents of the same discourse. Hence, our corpus is to depict cross-document coreference data. On a discourse level, corresponding clusters form discourse entities that themselves can be linked to their non-textual referents by some knowledge graph identifier. For this project, we use Wikidata’s Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) for entity linking. By doing so, world knowledge is included into the data. This allows for drawing connections even between different discourse entities that refer to a common referent, yet at a different time step or rather in the context of a different happening. Figure 2 illustrates the multiple layers of this annotation model. In building a corpus for diverse cross-document coreference in news articles, we hope to provide a valuable resource for the evaluation of automated coreference resolution tasks. The contribution of this paper mainly lies in providing an answer to the question of how to create such a corpus. How can diverse coreference relations be annotated in a cross-document setup? We believe our scheme as we present it here tackles this problem efficiently, extensively, and unambiguously. Additionally, we would like to use the data resulting from our own annotations for further research in the area of media bias. Even if it plays no direct part in the outlined scheme, a lot of our choices how to annotate references were made because of this requirement to make the data usable for later media bias analysis. Eventually, we hope to contribute to the wider research question of how to identify media bias by word choice and labelling based on the usage of diverse coreference relations in news articles. The following section 2 will further elaborate on this connection between diverse coreference and the problem of media bias analysis. Despite its only subtle impact on our practical annotation instructions, that section means to highlight the theoretical background and motivation behind our project. The sections thereafter will then deal with the actual annotation process. Section 3 will guide coders through the setup and controls of Inception, our selected annotation software. Finally, section 4 will define annotation instructions in three passes while also outlining our typology of diverse coreference. The data we use for our own annotations consists of the text bodies of articles that report on the same happenings. All articles are in English and were published by one of the following US-American newspapers: HuffPost (categorized as ”Left” by AllSides (2023) or ”Skews Left” by Ad Fontes Media (2023), abbreviated in our data as ”LL”), The New York Times (categorized as ”Lean Left” by AllSides or ”Skews Left” by Ad Fontes Media, abbreviated as ”L”), USA Today (categorized as ”Lean Left” or ”Middle or Balanced Bias”, abbreviated as ”M”), Fox News (categorized as ”Right” or ”Skews Right”, abbreviated as ”R”), Breitbart News Network (categoized as ”Right” or ”Strong Right”, abbreviated as ”RR”).[2] [1] Though at a later point, this scheme could be extended to also include the annotation of events (Linguistic Data Consortium, 2005; O’Gorman et al., 2016). [2] Looking at the political orientation of these newspapers, the data is unbalanced with an underrepresentation of politically centered media. However, at the current state of this project, the imbalance is unlikely to influence our analysis which does not yet target political orientation or media bias itself. Therefore, we will ignore this issue for now. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: Authors: (1) Jakob Vogel, M.A. Digital Humanities, Institute for Digital Humanities, Faculty of Philosophy, Georg August University of G¨ottingen. Table of Links Abstract and Intro Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Annotation tool Annotation guidelines Conclusion and future work Acknowledgements Bibliographical References Abstract and Intro Abstract and Intro Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Diverse cross-document coreference and media bias analysis Annotation tool Annotation tool Annotation guidelines Annotation guidelines Conclusion and future work Conclusion and future work Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Bibliographical References Bibliographical References Abstract This paper presents a scheme for annotating coreference across news articles, extending beyond traditional identity relations by also considering near-identity and bridging relations. It includes a precise description of how to set up Inception, a respective annotation tool, how to annotate entities in news articles, connect them with diverse coreferential relations, and link them across documents to Wikidata’s global knowledge graph. This multi-layered annotation approach is discussed in the context of the problem of media bias. Our main contribution lies in providing a methodology for creating a diverse cross-document coreference corpus which can be applied to the analysis of media bias by word-choice and labelling. Keywords : coreference resolution, diverse coreference annotation, entity annotation, entity linking, media bias analysis, natural language processing Keywords 1. Introduction Coreference is the phenomenon of several expressions in a text all referring to the same person, object, or other entity or event as their referent. Thus, in a narrow sense, analyzing a document with regards to coreference means detecting relations of identity between phrases. The following example (1) illustrates such an identity relation, where coreferential expressions are printed in italics: (1) “Joe Biden arrived in Berlin yesterday, but the president did not come alone.” In (1), the noun phrase “Joe Biden” introduces a new entity while “the president” relates back to that introducing phrase. Within this relation, the introducing phrase “Joe Biden” is called the antecedent while the back-relating phrase “the president” is called an anaphor. Both expressions are coreferential in the way that they refer to the same non-textual entity, namely to the actual ‘realworld’ Joe Biden or at least to a corresponding mental concept. We can think of an antecedent and its anaphora as forming a cluster of mentions that as a whole represents its extra-textual referent within a textual document, as shown in Figure 1. As a task of natural language processing (NLP), coreference resolution has become quite efficient in detecting identity relations between phrases. However, reflecting on how we use language to refer to something, we are forced to realize that coreference in a broader sense is actually far more complex. We can address an entity or event by using a variety of expressions that are in fact not strictly identical to each other. Consider the following examples: (2) “ President Biden was clearly not satisfied with today’s outcome. As the White House stated this afternoon, efforts will be made to . . . ” President Biden the White House (3) “Even if the young Erdogan used to be pro-Western, Turkey’s president nowadays often acts against Western interests.” the young Erdogan Turkey’s president (4) “The AfD is circulating a photo of Angela Merkel with a Hijab , although Merkel never wore Muslim clothes.” a photo of Angela Merkel with a Hijab In these given examples, the highlighted mentions mean ‘almost’ the same, but not completely. In (2), we are aware by world-knowledge that ” the White House ” is often used as a substitute expression for the current US president, although the former is a place which in strict terms cannot be identical to the president, who is a person. In (3), on the other hand, both mentions refer to the ’real-world’ person Erdogan, but at different time steps. Finally, in (4), a mention representing the person Merkel is juxtaposed with a mention representing a picture of Merkel. While these two mentions could refer to separate entities, the juxtaposition indicates a connection between both where the attributes of the first mention do influence the perception of the second mention. Hence, we would miss essential semantic connections if we chose not to mark them as coreferential. Having said that, the simple classification of two mentions into coreferential (identical) or noncoreferential (non-identical) does not seem to suffice the complexity of common text data. Instead, we need to allow for diverse coreference clusters that include finer-grained relations lying between identity and non-identity. We need to allow for near-identity relations to mark two mentions that are partially, but not totally, identical (Recasens et al., 2010). the White House diverse coreference near-identity In news coverage, identity and near-identity references are extensively used to report on persons, organizations, and other entities of public interest. It is our goal to build up a corpus that contains annotated examples of such diverse forms of coreference. While diverse coreference occurs in all sorts of news media, we focus on digital print media, only. Furthermore, although in practice both entities and events can act as referent, we ignore references to events for now, as their annotation would go beyond the limits of our present scheme.[1] The ordinary business of journalism is to write about current political affairs and other happenings of public interest. These happenings are normally reported by several newspapers at the same time. All of these news articles are considered documents that contain references to the same entities and together form a discourse about them. To include the whole picture of such intradiscursive references, we want our corpus to link document-level clusters with corresponding clusters of other documents of the same discourse. Hence, our corpus is to depict cross-document coreference data. On a discourse level, corresponding clusters form discourse entities that themselves can be linked to their non-textual referents by some knowledge graph identifier. For this project, we use Wikidata’s Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) for entity linking. By doing so, world knowledge is included into the data. This allows for drawing connections even between different discourse entities that refer to a common referent, yet at a different time step or rather in the context of a different happening. Figure 2 illustrates the multiple layers of this annotation model. In building a corpus for diverse cross-document coreference in news articles, we hope to provide a valuable resource for the evaluation of automated coreference resolution tasks. The contribution of this paper mainly lies in providing an answer to the question of how to create such a corpus. How can diverse coreference relations be annotated in a cross-document setup? We believe our scheme as we present it here tackles this problem efficiently, extensively, and unambiguously. Additionally, we would like to use the data resulting from our own annotations for further research in the area of media bias. Even if it plays no direct part in the outlined scheme, a lot of our choices how to annotate references were made because of this requirement to make the data usable for later media bias analysis. Eventually, we hope to contribute to the wider research question of how to identify media bias by word choice and labelling based on the usage of diverse coreference relations in news articles. The following section 2 will further elaborate on this connection between diverse coreference and the problem of media bias analysis. Despite its only subtle impact on our practical annotation instructions, that section means to highlight the theoretical background and motivation behind our project. The sections thereafter will then deal with the actual annotation process. Section 3 will guide coders through the setup and controls of Inception, our selected annotation software. Finally, section 4 will define annotation instructions in three passes while also outlining our typology of diverse coreference. The data we use for our own annotations consists of the text bodies of articles that report on the same happenings. All articles are in English and were published by one of the following US-American newspapers: HuffPost (categorized as ”Left” by AllSides (2023) or ”Skews Left” by Ad Fontes Media (2023), abbreviated in our data as ”LL”), The New York Times (categorized as ”Lean Left” by AllSides or ”Skews Left” by Ad Fontes Media, abbreviated as ”L”), USA Today (categorized as ”Lean Left” or ”Middle or Balanced Bias”, abbreviated as ”M”), Fox News (categorized as ”Right” or ”Skews Right”, abbreviated as ”R”), Breitbart News Network (categoized as ”Right” or ”Strong Right”, abbreviated as ”RR”).[2] [1] Though at a later point, this scheme could be extended to also include the annotation of events (Linguistic Data Consortium, 2005; O’Gorman et al., 2016). [2] Looking at the political orientation of these newspapers, the data is unbalanced with an underrepresentation of politically centered media. However, at the current state of this project, the imbalance is unlikely to influence our analysis which does not yet target political orientation or media bias itself. Therefore, we will ignore this issue for now.

Code Book for Annotation of Diverse Cross-Document Coreference: Abstract and Intro

If you've been following the VR industry, you know it's been around for decades. Companies have been trying to make virtual reality a mainstream success for ages. While Apple coined the buzz-worthy term “spatial computing” with their Vision Pro headset, they're certainly not the first to try. From the failed Virtual Boy in the 90s to the moderately successful Oculus and HTC Vive VR headsets, tech giants have struggled to find that elusive killer app. But if you just scroll through TikTok or Instagram, you'll see what's really on people's minds these days. And it definitely isn't about bigger screens to watch Netflix or play games. No, what's driving the conversation is beauty, looks, fashion, and how to glow up. So, as transformative as spatial computing could become, the multi-trillion-dollar global beauty and fashion space will lead AR. Our universal desire to look and feel good provides the real-life use case everyone’s looking for. The promises and challenges of AR beauty The core premise of AR beauty is simple but compelling: Using advanced computer vision and rendering to virtually overlay any makeup look, hairstyle, outfit, or accessory onto your face and body with hyper-realistic precision. Consumers can experiment endlessly, sampling different looks and products with no mess, effort, or commitment. If you've ever ordered a piece of clothing online only for it to look completely different (or just not fit right) when it arrives, you know how frustrating that can be—or bought an expensive watch or pair of kicks, only to regret the purchase when it doesn’t look quite how you expected. What if you could virtually try on anything before committing your money? That's the big idea of AR beauty and fashion—getting rid of the guesswork and potential disappointment by allowing you to realistically experiment with any look or product before pulling the trigger. But, some rudimentary AR makeup apps illustrate the significant technological challenges involved. Poor facial tracking, clunky interfaces, and unconvincing visual realism hamper the experience. Faithfully simulating the intricacies of how cosmetics interact with diverse facial geometries, skin tones, and movements at a high fidelity is an enormously complex computational problem. Implementing AI and AR technologies The latest breakthroughs in AI and AR technologies have proven useful in cracking these challenges. For example, Perfect Corp's AI Makeup Virtual Try-On uses machine learning to realistically render different makeup colors and textures like lipstick, eyeshadow, and more, with the simulations customized to each individual's unique facial features and microexpressions for an ultra-personalized virtual experience. If you're not all that into fashion and beauty, this may not seem like a big deal. But for those obsessed with looking their best, the ability to visualize any look or product before buying could be hugely transformative. Their AI Skin Analysis tech goes further, using artificial intelligence to scan faces and detect 14 different skin conditions and concerns, then surfacing customized product and skincare recommendations tailored to the user. And the AgileHand technology allows realistic virtual try-ons to extend beyond just faces by precisely tracking hand motions. This enables photorealistic AR visualizations for intricate products like jewelry, watches, and nail polish. Some other AR beauty solutions include Makeup AR for virtual makeup try-ons, AI Foundation Shade Finder and Matcher for accurate skin tone detection and foundation shade matching, AI Skin Analysis for accurate skin concern detection and personalized product recommendations of products, and Emulation Technology for Skincare Treatment for accurate representations of the expected results of a course of treatment, overlaid directly onto their faces with the latest advancements in AR technology. The AI tech for AR beauty The recent renaissance of AI breakthroughs, especially around areas like generative adversarial networks (GANs), facial semantic segmentation, and neural rendering, is what's enabling the kind of hyper-realistic and personalized AR experiences that were merely SciFi just years ago. Using GANs, AI models can now learn to generate highly realistic representations of human faces, facial attributes, and facial animations from just a handful of source images. This opens up possibilities for instantly generating virtual makeup looks and hairstyles that are custom-tailored to each user's individual facial geometry and characteristics. Facial semantic segmentation allows AI to precisely understand and map out different facial features like skin, facial hair, eyelashes and more - enabling AR effects to seamlessly integrate and move in harmony with the user's face. Neural rendering techniques leveraging AI can also realistically synthesize the complex ways light interacts with different materials and textures in real time, far beyond what's possible with traditional rendering pipelines. Looking ahead, AI is set to transform AR beauty experiences into something much more akin to having a personal beauty guru. Using deep learning, an AI assistant could continuously analyze your unique attributes, habits, and preferences, automatically surfacing ideal products, trendy looks, and personalized recommendations for you to try virtually in AR with just a voice command or subtle gesture. The possibilities extend far beyond just virtual try-ons. AI could help formulate bespoke beauty products optimized for your individual needs and environmental conditions. Or DTC brands could let customers co-create new cosmetic products and shades with the assistance of AI. The takeaway: Beauty and fashion are the AR killer app While the metaverse is still largely vapourware, the humble makeup tutorial may push spatial computing into the mainstream sooner than we think. With an insatiable consumer appetite for looking our best and plenty of money to be made, the global beauty and fashion industry has both the motivation and resources to drive AR innovation and adoption harder than any other sector. If executed well and key technical barriers around rendering, tracking, and hardware are overcome, AR holds the transformative potential to reshape how we discover, purchase, use, and even perceive beauty products. Immersive virtual try-on experiences, AI-driven personalization, and participatory product development could not only reinvent the beauty consumer experience but also make individual self-expression more accessible than ever before. So, as the tech world covers each new OS update and app ecosystem announcement, keep your eye on the influencers and beauty fanatics pioneering the spatial computing frontier with a fresh face of makeup in every video. They may low-key catalyze the next ubiquitous computing paradigm while just trying to look fly. If you've been following the VR industry, you know it's been around for decades. Companies have been trying to make virtual reality a mainstream success for ages. While Apple coined the buzz-worthy term “ spatial computing ” with their Vision Pro headset, they're certainly not the first to try. spatial computing spatial computing From the failed Virtual Boy in the 90s to the moderately successful Oculus and HTC Vive VR headsets, tech giants have struggled to find that elusive killer app. But if you just scroll through TikTok or Instagram, you'll see what's really on people's minds these days. And it definitely isn't about bigger screens to watch Netflix or play games. No, what's driving the conversation is beauty, looks, fashion, and how to glow up. So, as transformative as spatial computing could become, the multi-trillion-dollar global beauty and fashion space will lead AR. Our universal desire to look and feel good provides the real-life use case everyone’s looking for. The promises and challenges of AR beauty The core premise of AR beauty is simple but compelling: Using advanced computer vision and rendering to virtually overlay any makeup look, hairstyle, outfit, or accessory onto your face and body with hyper-realistic precision. Consumers can experiment endlessly, sampling different looks and products with no mess, effort, or commitment. If you've ever ordered a piece of clothing online only for it to look completely different (or just not fit right) when it arrives, you know how frustrating that can be—or bought an expensive watch or pair of kicks, only to regret the purchase when it doesn’t look quite how you expected. frustrating frustrating What if you could virtually try on anything before committing your money? That's the big idea of AR beauty and fashion—getting rid of the guesswork and potential disappointment by allowing you to realistically experiment with any look or product before pulling the trigger. But, some rudimentary AR makeup apps illustrate the significant technological challenges involved. Poor facial tracking, clunky interfaces, and unconvincing visual realism hamper the experience. Faithfully simulating the intricacies of how cosmetics interact with diverse facial geometries, skin tones, and movements at a high fidelity is an enormously complex computational problem. Implementing AI and AR technologies The latest breakthroughs in AI and AR technologies have proven useful in cracking these challenges. For example, Perfect Corp's AI Makeup Virtual Try-On uses machine learning to realistically render different makeup colors and textures like lipstick, eyeshadow, and more, with the simulations customized to each individual's unique facial features and microexpressions for an ultra-personalized virtual experience. AI Makeup Virtual Try-On If you're not all that into fashion and beauty, this may not seem like a big deal. But for those obsessed with looking their best, the ability to visualize any look or product before buying could be hugely transformative. Their AI Skin Analysis tech goes further, using artificial intelligence to scan faces and detect 14 different skin conditions and concerns, then surfacing customized product and skincare recommendations tailored to the user. AI Skin Analysis And the AgileHand technology allows realistic virtual try-ons to extend beyond just faces by precisely tracking hand motions. This enables photorealistic AR visualizations for intricate products like jewelry, watches, and nail polish. Some other AR beauty solutions include Makeup AR for virtual makeup try-ons, AI Foundation Shade Finder and Matcher for accurate skin tone detection and foundation shade matching, AI Skin Analysis for accurate skin concern detection and personalized product recommendations of products, and Emulation Technology for Skincare Treatment for accurate representations of the expected results of a course of treatment, overlaid directly onto their faces with the latest advancements in AR technology. The AI tech for AR beauty The recent renaissance of AI breakthroughs, especially around areas like generative adversarial networks (GANs), facial semantic segmentation, and neural rendering, is what's enabling the kind of hyper-realistic and personalized AR experiences that were merely SciFi just years ago. Using GANs, AI models can now learn to generate highly realistic representations of human faces, facial attributes, and facial animations from just a handful of source images. This opens up possibilities for instantly generating virtual makeup looks and hairstyles that are custom-tailored to each user's individual facial geometry and characteristics. Facial semantic segmentation allows AI to precisely understand and map out different facial features like skin, facial hair, eyelashes and more - enabling AR effects to seamlessly integrate and move in harmony with the user's face. Neural rendering techniques leveraging AI can also realistically synthesize the complex ways light interacts with different materials and textures in real time, far beyond what's possible with traditional rendering pipelines. Looking ahead, AI is set to transform AR beauty experiences into something much more akin to having a personal beauty guru. Using deep learning, an AI assistant could continuously analyze your unique attributes, habits, and preferences, automatically surfacing ideal products, trendy looks, and personalized recommendations for you to try virtually in AR with just a voice command or subtle gesture. The possibilities extend far beyond just virtual try-ons. AI could help formulate bespoke beauty products optimized for your individual needs and environmental conditions. Or DTC brands could let customers co-create new cosmetic products and shades with the assistance of AI. The takeaway: Beauty and fashion are the AR killer app While the metaverse is still largely vapourware, the humble makeup tutorial may push spatial computing into the mainstream sooner than we think. With an insatiable consumer appetite for looking our best and plenty of money to be made, the global beauty and fashion industry has both the motivation and resources to drive AR innovation and adoption harder than any other sector. If executed well and key technical barriers around rendering, tracking, and hardware are overcome, AR holds the transformative potential to reshape how we discover, purchase, use, and even perceive beauty products. Immersive virtual try-on experiences, AI-driven personalization, and participatory product development could not only reinvent the beauty consumer experience but also make individual self-expression more accessible than ever before. So, as the tech world covers each new OS update and app ecosystem announcement, keep your eye on the influencers and beauty fanatics pioneering the spatial computing frontier with a fresh face of makeup in every video. They may low-key catalyze the next ubiquitous computing paradigm while just trying to look fly.

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