Appregatoris in the E-Commerce Enablers Industry

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**ROAD TOWN,British Virgin Islands, February 6th, 2024/Chainwire/--**Equalizer Elevates Their DeFi Platform with Launch of DEX & Bridge Aggregator and Airdrop Explorer Features. In a significant leap forward for decentralized finance, is proud to announce the launch of two innovative services: a and an . These additions, combined with the platform's existing Flash Loans service, cement Equalizer's position as a multi-service player in the DeFi space. Equalizer Meta Aggregator Airdrop Explorer Meta Aggregator: A One-Stop DeFi Solution The is a multi-chain decentralized exchange (DEX) and a cross-chain bridge for top blockchain networks, enabling users to swap any token seamlessly with a single click. Meta Aggregator This service also features a unique gas function, assisting users in transferring gas efficiently across networks, and ensuring uninterrupted token movement. "Our DEX and Bridge Aggregator is designed to be the ultimate destination for all DeFi swapping and bridging activities, offering unparalleled ease and efficiency," said Julian, Founder of Equalizer. "It represents our commitment to simplifying and enhancing the DeFi experience for our users." https://www.youtube.com/embed/YNe2cbLJTcA Airdrop Explorer: Strategies for Optimal Rewards The feature is an easy-to-use airdrop finder. It assists users in identifying the most rewarding airdrops, providing detailed strategies and step-by-step guides to increase eligibility. The feature also allows users to track completed airdrops efficiently, while learning how to interact with the newest tools in the space. Airdrop Explorer "This new feature is a game-changer, offering our users an edge in maximizing their airdrop rewards," explained Adrian, CTO of Equalizer. "It's all about empowering our community with the tools and knowledge to thrive in the dynamic world of DeFi." Forward-thinking: Integrating AI in DeFi Building on these advancements, Equalizer is also testing the integration of Artificial Intelligence in DeFi, exploring use cases for both technical and marketing aspects of the platform. This forward-thinking approach ensures that Equalizer stays at the forefront of technological innovation, adapting swiftly to market trends. About Equalizer Equalizer is the first dedicated platform that equalizes the DeFi markets. Offering a range of services including Flash Loans, Meta Aggregator, and Airdrop Explorer, Equalizer is committed to innovation and user empowerment. Always dedicated to providing cutting-edge solutions in the rapidly evolving DeFi space. For more information, follow Equalizer's: | | Official Website Twitter Telegram Contact Marketing Manager Mihai Lungu Equalizer Finance mihai@equalizer.finance This story was distributed as a release by Chainwire under HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program. Learn more about the program here.

Enhancing DeFi: Equalizer Introduces New Meta Aggregator And Airdrop Explorer Services

Instead of endlessly hopping between multiple platforms in search of the best rates, cryptocurrency exchange aggregators could become your next go-to solution for seamless crypto swapping. In this blog post, we will explore crypto exchange aggregators, what makes these resource-efficient services popular, and how they can help you whether you are a professional crypto trader or a regular user looking to simplify your experience. Let’s dive right in! Nice… But What is a Crypto Exchange Aggregator? First and foremost, a is a platform that provides users with a consolidated view of different exchanges and their rates. Instead of manually searching through various services to find the most favorable conditions, an aggregator does all the legwork for you in one place. These aggregators gather data from multiple cryptocurrency exchanges and present it to users in a clear and user-friendly format. They allow traders to compare prices, fees, and available trading pairs across different platforms without needing to navigate between multiple tabs or windows. There are different types of crypto exchange aggregators available in the market. Some focus on comparing spot prices across various exchanges, while others specialize in finding the best liquidity or offering advanced trading features like limit orders or margin trading. The primary function of these aggregators is to save time and effort for traders by streamlining the process of finding optimal trading opportunities. By presenting the most up-to-date information from multiple exchanges, they empower users to make informed decisions about when and where to execute their trades. crypto exchange aggregator Let’s Talk Benefits! Okay, okay, we get it! Crypto exchange aggregators are so cool, but how do we actually benefit from using one? Well, when it comes to trading cryptocurrencies, having access to multiple exchanges can be a game-changer. This is where crypto exchange aggregators come into play. These platforms allow you to compare and swap cryptocurrencies across different exchanges and on top of that save your time and - yes - possibly even your money! By collecting prices from various exchanges, aggregators give you real-time information on the most favorable rates available. This means that you can get more value for your trades and potentially increase your profits. Crypto exchange aggregators prevent users from wasting your money on unnecessary fees, when there is another service that can do the same swap for $0. In addition to these benefits, using a reputable crypto exchange aggregator also ensures enhanced security for your transactions. These platforms typically do not require KYC and only integrate with established exchanges that have robust security measures in place, reducing the risk of fraudulent activities or hacks. Can You Drop Some Names? Of course! When it comes to choosing the best crypto exchange aggregator, there are several factors to consider. Each aggregator has its own unique features and functionalities that cater to different needs and preferences of users. However, one aggregator that stands out from the rest is . Swapzone supports over 1600+ (!) cryptocurrencies. For instance, if you want to change your USDT, you can choose between 20+ networks without switching between multiple services. With just a few clicks, users can compare rates from different exchanges and find the most suitable deal available in real time. Swapzone One of the key advantages of using Swapzone is its transparency. The platform provides all relevant information such as exchange rates, fees, and estimated transaction times upfront so users can make informed decisions before initiating a swap. This level of transparency builds trust among users and eliminates any hidden surprises or unexpected costs. Another standout feature of Swapzone is its extensive network of trusted exchanges. By partnering with reputable exchanges, Swapzone ensures that users get access to liquidity pools with competitive rates while minimizing the risk associated with engaging lesser-known platforms. In addition to these benefits, Swapzone also prioritizes privacy, therefore there is no KYC requirement and your data will not be stolen or sold to third parties. Besides, to give users peace of mind, there is 24/7 online chat support available. According to the Swapzone team: Crypto is more about the idea, and fintech in general is about making it easier for the user to interact with tools and services. At Swapzone we solve this exact problem - helping users save money, time, and personal data by aggregating the most compelling exchange offers in just one interface. When it comes to finding the best crypto exchange aggregator for your swapping needs, Swapzone emerges as a great choice thanks to its intuitive interface, transparent approach, extensive network of exchanges, and commitment towards security. Final words In today's fast-paced and ever-evolving world of cryptocurrencies, having a reliable and efficient platform to swap your digital assets is crucial. Crypto exchange aggregators offer a multitude of benefits that make them an excellent all-in-one solution for both novice and experienced traders. From saving time and effort through rate comparisons on multiple exchanges to gaining access to an extensive selection of cryptocurrencies while prioritizing security – these benefits make using a crypto exchange aggregator highly appealing.

Cryptocurrency Exchange Aggregators - Your Next Go-To Solution For Crypto Swaps

Dear Bankless Nation, You used to only be able to buy and sell NFTs one at a time. That’s why the arrival of NFT marketplace aggregators, where you can do bulk buys or sells, have been a UX game changer in crypto. It’s why OpenSea and Uniswap acquired the Gem and Genie NFT aggregators respectively earlier this year — these sorts of platforms point the way to the future of the digital economy! All that said, there’s a new NFT aggregator called that you should take note of. Blur Blur is currently in a private beta, but it’s opening up to everyone soon and is set to release its own native $BLUR token. I’ve tried the platform via early access, so let’s walk through what you can expect from the project once opens up in the near future! -WMP *Update 10/19/2022: . Blur just opened to everyone and unveiled $BLUR airdrop Care Packages Blur: a new marketplace for NFT power users What is Blur Blur is an NFT marketplace built in an effort to be the “ .” best NFT marketplace for pro traders In March 2022, Blur announced an $11M seed round led by Paradigm. At the time, the team declared their raison d'être: “ Current NFT marketplaces prioritize the retail experience, but they neglect the growing needs of pro traders. Infrastructure has failed to keep up as monthly trading volumes hit billions, and web2 business models hold the space back with poorly aligned incentives. Our mission is to solve these problems and move the NFT space toward becoming institutional grade while increasing decentralization. .” This will not be an easy feat, but we’ve assembled a team of builders with experience from MIT, Five Rings, Brex, Square, and Y Combinator to accomplish this mission. We’ve built spot exchanges, marketplaces, and created financial products used by millions. We’re leveraging this hard-earned experience to create infrastructure that can unlock the massive potential of the NFT market Since March, the platform has been both allow listing holders of other NFT collections (I received early access through being a Blitmap/Blitnaut community member, for example) and using a to let new users in ahead of its public launch, which is “coming soon.” waitlist scoreboard system Why it matters Blur is going all-in on NFT listings and activity data. real-time This speed can lead to you seeing opportunities faster than you would on other NFT platforms. For example, Blur’s emphasis on NFT indexing can help you find rares post-reveal before you can even refresh the metadata on some other marketplaces. Pretty cool right? Beyond the speed, you can also sweep NFTs on Blur with bulk buys, and you can bulk list and delist your NFTs through the as needed — whatever your NFT trading setup requires. Portfolio dashboard Buying NFTs on Blur Let’s say you’re looking to buy. You simply scroll or use the Blur search bar to find your collection of choice, at which point you’ll be brought to the project’s dedicated trading page like you can see in the example image above. The collection page which shows you all kinds of relevant info like historical floor prices, floor depth, volume stats, listing activity, attribute details, and more. $BLUR incoming The Blur team just teased that a $BLUR token is incoming, as you can see from the tweet above. For now, it’s not known whether the token is only going to be airdropped to the project’s early users, though in my opinion it seems more likely the project could opt for a x2y2-like approach where tokens are airdropped to users with a history of NFT activity in general, e.g. OpenSea trades. This strategy would bring in an influx of new users, but it remains to be seen if Blur will go this route. Either way, $BLUR may be hotly traded once it first launches, so keep an eye out on Blur updates going forward! Action steps 📡 Keep on your radar and see if you have Blur early access 🌞 Check out my previous , which can help you discover everything your NFT wallet can do! beta review of Daylight Author Bio William M. Peaster is a professional writer and creator of Metaversal —a Bankless newsletter focused on the emergence of NFTs in the cryptoeconomy. He’s also recently been contributing content to Bankless, JPG, and beyond! First Published . Here

Taking a Sneak Peak at NFT Aggregator Blur 🚅

Tomando un adelanto en NFT Aggregator Blur 🚅

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NFT एग्रीगेटर ब्लर 🚅 पर चुपके से चरम पर पहुंच गया

NFT Aggregator Blur のプレビュー 🚅

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在 NFT 聚合器 Blur 上偷偷摸摸 🚅

I recently spoke with Ahmed Ismail, Founder, President and CEO of FLUID . Join us as we discuss the problems of inaccessible liquidity in the digital asset market and how the industry is gearing up to solve them. Welcome! Please tell us your crypto story and how your journey began at FLUID. Hi! Thank you for having me on board. My journey into crypto began in 2017 after having spent 15 years on Wall Street at institutions such as Bank of America, Credit Suisse, and Jefferies where I was the bank’s youngest-ever regional CEO. I had begun to see signs that the traditional finance industry was in real structural decline. The investment banking industry, in particular, became less interesting and red tape was increasingly becoming a major impediment with regards to the ease of doing business. Even in 2017, it was an industry that was feeling the after effects of the 2008 financial crisis. It became harder and more expensive to raise capital and for companies and funds to efficiently conduct business. Around the same time, we started witnessing huge growth in fintech and burgeoning mainstream interest in crypto. While institutions were still trying to understand what DLT or Distributed Ledger Technology was and the industry was coming to grips with regulation, bitcoin prices were regularly being shown across media. With my experience in running regulated financial institutions in the TradFi world, I co-founded my first company, HAYVN - a fully Abu Dhabi Global Market regulated institutional crypto custody and OTC trading platform that helped solve the big issue of bringing regulatory compliant infrastructure to the crypto world. In 2021, I took my passion of combining TradFi and crypto one step further to help solve another big problem in the digital asset industry - fragmented liquidity and inefficiencies in crypto markets. Along with other friends in the banking world, I eventually founded FLUID, a CeFi and DeFi liquidity aggregator that uses methodologies in the high- frequency trading (HFT). I’ve been into finance for as long as I can remember. So, after completing my education at Imperial College in London, I took up investment banking. As of now, I have over 18 years of experience working for some of the most prestigious banks including Bank of America, Merrill Lynch, and Jefferies Group. Then, the growing cryptocurrency and the broader blockchain-based industries caught my attention and I began exploring them. I became the co-founder of HAYVN, a  regulated crypto-focused financial institution. Eventually, as I further familiarized myself with the industry, I noticed price disparity among crypto exchanges due to fragmented liquidity. This is one of the biggest challenges that traders and investors in this space deal with on a daily basis. So, I founded FLUID as a way to solve this problem. Could you please further explain the problems faced by traders in the digital asset market? Unlike the equities or commodities market, liquidity in DeFi is fragmented, siloed away in individual blockchain networks, and inaccessible. However, the most pressing problem that this gives rise to is that order prices differ from exchange to exchange within the same market. And since crypto is mostly unregulated, there is no cap on prices or any regulations to make crypto exchanges conform to the standard practices. As a result, it becomes easier for institutions and traders to manipulate the market by creating pump-and-dump cycles and even fake orders to change prices. This further creates high volatility in the market and causes large price slippages and it is the reason why we’ve seen a sharp rise in the number of liquidity aggregators in the market. Moreover, a majority of liquidity in the industry is concentrated in 10% of exchanges.  So, the liquidity for trading pairs is significantly low in most exchanges. Lastly, order executions are not immediate and the trading infrastructure is not robust. For the uninitiated, can you explain what a liquidity aggregator is and why it is a valuable tool for traders? A liquidity aggregator is a platform that gathers buy and sell orders from various liquidity providers and redirects them to the trader. So, this means that a trader can view order prices at different exchanges simultaneously. As a result,  traders can execute orders and choose the trading path with the best prices, lower slippage, and lower latency. At its core, FLUID is a deep liquidity infrastructure delivering Best Execution across CEXs and DEXs through AI-driven solutions. Speaking of FLUID, can you give us an overview of the the platform and how it differs from other liquidity aggregators? With FLUID, our aim is to create a liquidity aggregator for the future of the digital asset market. But FLUID isn’t yet another spinoff of an already running liquidity aggregator. We employ a proprietary AI model that helps us predict real-time book prices with high accuracy. Moreover, we connect to all major liquidity partners providing liquidity for desired pairs.  As a result, users of FLUID can overcome price disparity between providers, access a deeper liquidity infrastructure, and experience  Best Execution across CEXs and DEXs. Apart from this, our smart order routing ensures that the execution time for trades is almost immediate. We also provide appropriate risk policies and customized strategies to make the most of the market. Our aim is to provide a reliable, price-accurate, efficient, and highly liquid trading platform for the growing multi-billion dollar digital asset market. As we head towards the next phase of DeFi, how is the industry as a whole dealing with the problems of fragmented and inaccessible liquidity? Apart from liquidity aggregators, what other solutions are in development? The problems of liquidity shortages and inaccessible liquidity have plagued DeFi since its inception. We do have DeFi protocols developing a whole host of solutions for it. The main focus, however, is on creating interoperability within the industry to ensure that liquidity does not remain siloed in individual blockchains. When liquidity moves from chain to chain, it becomes more accessible for all DeFi users. Moreover, liquid staking is also being developed as a solution to this problem. This allows users to unlock liquidity for staked assets that can be used across the DeFi ecosystem. With such new solutions working in tandem with liquidity aggregators, we can expect better and more accessible liquidity in the next phase of DeFi. Apart from fragmented liquidity, what other problems are DeFi platforms facing as we move to this new phase of DeFi? How will this transition play out and where will it put the DeFi industry in comparison to TradFi? In its next phase, I believe DeFi will take on a new shape and form. The emerging products in this realm are trying to make significant improvements to DeFi’s existing architecture while solving problems with the financial system on the whole. They aim to tackle problems like the lack of fixed interest rates, over-collateralization of loans, and lack of financial products for risk-averse investors by providing innovative solutions for them. We could also witness a rise in the use of financial NFTs in DeFi’s next phase. When these projects roll out, people across the globe will have access to superior financial infrastructure that reduces their dependency on centralized solutions and provides new opportunities for wealth generation. I like to think of DeFi 2.0 as the transition phase where the industry is moving towards real value creation.

Liquidity Aggregators for the Future of the Digital Asset Market

A system with lots of components where those components depend on others is common in real-world applications. It usually points to an application based on the layered architecture where each layer consists of fine-grained pieces following the single responsibility rule. It’s desired to distribute behaviour among components. It increases reusability and improves the understanding of the domain logic. But there is the other side of the coin. Working with the code can become extremely hard when there are a lot of interconnections. Even with a good abstraction, code becomes harder to reuse and changing a specific functionality requires changing multiple components. Complex systems yield complex designs but if the coupling between components obscures the domain, it’s a clear sign to refactor. One possible solution to reduce the interconnections between different parts of the system is to create a good abstraction and introduce a single point of communication. There are two useful, well-known approaches that can be used to achieve this goal – Mediator and Event Aggregator patterns. Mediator is a behavioural design pattern that reduces dependencies and encapsulates the communication between components inside a component called the Mediator. It centralises control, simplifies protocols, decouples different parts of the system, and abstracts how components interact. Mediator The Mediator manages dependencies. It contains references to all components. Different parts of the system use the Mediator to communicate indirectly with each other. Event Aggregator r is mix of another behavioural design pattern called and itself. In its simplest the component called the Event Aggregator is a single source of events for many components. The consumers are registered to the Event Aggregator and on the other end the producers publish their events using the Event Aggregator. Event Aggregato Observer Mediator The Event Aggregator decouples subjects and observers – in that sense it acts as the Mediator. Decouple your components using mob mob is a simple, , generic-based Mediator / Event Aggregator library. It solves complex dependency management by introducing a single communication point. mob handles both request-response and event-based communication. open-source Request–response communication Request-response communication is the simplest way of communication between components in which the first component sends a request to the second one and the second component sends a response to the received request. One request is handled by one component. To use mob as the Mediator for your request-response communication, handlers must satisfy the following interface. type RequestHandler[T any, U any] interface {
   Handle(context.Context, T) (U, error)
} mob permits to use any type for both requests and responses. To make the interface easier to implement, mob allows the use of ordinary functions as request handlers. RequestHandler Event–based communication Event-based communication occurs when the first component dispatches an event, and this event is handled by any number of components. To use mob as the Event Aggregator for your event-based communication, handlers must satisfy the following interface. type EventHandler[T any] interface {
    Handle(context.Context, T) error
} Similarly to request-response communication, mob accepts events of any type and allows the use of ordinary functions as event handlers. Get your hands dirty To install mob, execute the following. go get github.com/erni27/mob Create your first request handler type UserDTO struct {
	// User data.
}

type UserQuery struct {
	// Necessary dependencies.
}

func (q UserQuery) Get(context.Context, int) (UserDTO, error) {
	// Your code.
} Remember, your handler implementation doesn’t have to satisfy the interface directly, you can use a struct method or an ordinary function as a request handler as long as it has the signature . RequestHandler func(context.Context, any) (any, error) Register your handler. Since we use the struct’s method as a request handler, we need to convert it to the . It’s possible to register only one handler per request / response type. RequestHandlerFunc // Somewhere in initialisation code.
uq := query.NewUserQuery(/* parameters */)
err := mob.RegisterRequestHandler[int, query.UserDTO](
    mob.RequestHandlerFunc[int, query.UserDTO](uq.Get),
) Use mob as the Mediator. func GetUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	id, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("id"))
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
	}
	res, err := mob.Send[int, UserDTO](req.Context(), id)
	if err != nil {
		// Err handling.
	}
	w.Header().Set("content-type", "application/json")
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(res); err != nil {
		// Err handling.
	}
} The preceding example presents how to decouple HTTP handlers from other components which make them more portable and much easier to test. It covers how to: Create a request handler Register the request handler to mob Use mob to send a request and get a response Create your first event handler Create an event. type OrderCreated struct {
	// Event data.
} Then create an event handler. type DeliveryService struct {
	// Necessary dependencies.
}

func (s DeliveryService) PrepareDelivery(ctx context.Context, event event.OrderCreated) error {
	// Your logic.
} Register your handler. Again, we want to use a struct’s method as an event handler so the conversion to the is necessary. Unlike request handlers, multiple event handlers can be registered per one event type. All of them are executed concurrently if an event occurs. EventHandlerFunc // Somewhere in initialisation code.
ds := delivery.NewService(/* parameters */)
err := mob.RegisterEventHandler[event.OrderCreated](
	mob.EventHandlerFunc[event.OrderCreated](ds.PrepareDelivery),
) Use mob as the Event Aggregator. type OrderService struct {
	// Necessary dependencies.
}

func (s OrderService) CreateOrder(ctx context.Context, cmd command.CreateOrder) error {
	// Your logic. #1
	err := mob.Notify[event.OrderCreated](ctx, event.OrderCreated{ /* init event */ })
	// Your logic. #2
} The preceding example presents how to decouple your domain services and how to use in-process events to explicitly implement side effects of changes within your domain. It covers how to: Create an event handler Register the event handler to mob Use mob to notify all event handlers if an event occurs Conclusion and patterns are powerful concepts that make complex dependency management easy. Tools built on top of them are convenient when applying more advanced patterns like CQRS. Although useful, they should be used carefully. Apply them only where needed. If a centralised point of communication within your domain obscures it and makes it harder to understand, you should consider sticking to the direct, more traditional way of communication. Mediator EventAggregator

Decouple Your Go Components by Leveraging Mediator and Event Aggregator Patterns

Decentralized finance (commonly referred to as DeFi) is one of the fastest growing areas within the cryptosphere. Last year, a huge number of new products and services were launched, from lending protocols to liquidity mines. As the sector grows, keeping tabs on all the available products has become increasingly challenging. Even for those individuals who are able to keep track, the scattered nature of the many protocols, each with their own controls and very different user interfaces, makes operating in the sector a challenge. One of the best ways of mitigating this is with a DeFi aggregator. Aggregators are one of the latest innovations in the burgeoning DeFi market that allows traders to tap deep liquidity and receive better pricing. Aggregators gather the best of the space into one dashboard and user interface. All that remains is for users to find the aggregator that suits their particular needs best. It is interesting to note that DeFi aggregators have become very popular among active traders. In fact, they in mid-2020. made up around 20% of decentralized trading volumes Here we take a look at some of the popular DeFi aggregators on the market today. Zerion is one of the better-known aggregators, integrating the likes of Compound, Curve, SushiSwap, and Balancer. This allows users to make interest on stablecoins such as USDT and DAI, or participate in liquidity mining, across any of these major protocols. Zerion Zerion makes trading simpler too, with users able to swap any token LP share or Vault in a single transaction. The Zerion dashboard also recently launched a favorites tab, allowing users to keep track of their hottest DeFi token picks. Zerion is one of the best established dashboards on the market and continues to demonstrate why so many people choose it as their favored aggregator. Zapper is a simple and easy-to-master aggregator that packs a serious punch. It hosts a range of high quality tools and features including estimates on potential return on investment. Zapper Zapper has been attempting to differentiate itself by making as wide a range of options available to the public as possible. It tracks positions from major protocols such as Uniswap and Synthetix as well as Curve. The Farm tab lists 13 pages of yield farming opportunities including Uniswap, Balancer, Sushiswap and Curve. If you’re someone who likes a breadth and depth of choice, Zapper may be the aggregator for you. DeFi Saver With its dark grey and green color scheme, might be the aggregator which suits “night mode” users best. It also tries to maximize space instead of packing everything in one place; a notable example is how it minimizes the menu on left side when not in use. DeFi Saver From the portfolio page on the home screen, DeFi Saver users can monitor their net worth and get a summary of how their assets are performing in individual protocols. On the left menu users can choose to access a range of protocols including MakerDAO, Compound and Aave and receive more detailed information from there. Overall, DeFi Saver is a powerful DeFi aggregator that looks good and performs well earning its spot on this list. PlasmaFinance aggregates using decentralized oracle data across the major protocols in the sector, with plans to expand this aggregation to bring the best of DeFi under one banner. PlasmaFinance It allows users to directly interact with these protocols from its interface too, allowing users to migrate liquidity across pools and protocols with its “Rebalancer” function. Its recently launched PlasmaSwap DEX reflects a desire to appeal to professional traders, providing deep analytics functionality, advanced trading and arbitrage tools not typically found on other DeFi aggregators. InstaDapp Like DeFi Saver, allows users to minimize the left navigation menu, freeing up more space for data and analytics. It’s a neat UI choice that definitely benefits the aggregator. InstaDapp also chooses the same method of aggregation as DeFi Saver, picking protocols over functions, making these two fairly similar from a curation standpoint. InstaDapp InstaDapp Overall, InstaDapp looks stunning and very easy to navigate, but with just one minor bone to issue -- the pop up “feedback button” in the bottom left of the can be a little distracting. It’s a shame, because InstaDapp is great in almost every other regard. In any case, it more than deserves its position on this list of the very best DeFi aggregators. There is no doubt that decentralized finance is becoming a more and more desirable means to earn income. DeFi aggregators are here as a single simple interface to dramatically improve the customer journey in the world of DeFi. With high gas fees and DEX trading commissions, aggregators will continue evolving and helping to improve user experience and help users get the best rate for their token swaps.

5 Leading DeFi Aggregators in 2021

Compliance comes to DeFi - A Game Changer Currently, none of the DEXs such as Uniswap, Sushiswap, Pancakeswap are regulated by any regulator in any part of the world; compliance is non-existent in DeFi the wild wild west. Timechain, a Canadian registered Money Services Business (MSB) through TimeSwap, a decentralized exchange aggregator and permissionless lending and borrowing protocol actively regulated by Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) and AMF released the first compliant Automated Market Maker (AMM) liquidity pools, yield farming and staking functionality. In the DeFi industry, compliance implies that participants follow the same standards as traditional financial services. The regulations governing capital markets and the overall financial industry vary by state and government, but they are divided into three categories: Know Your Customer (KYC), Anti Money Laundering (AML), and Countering Terrorism Financing (CFT). DeFi’s main selling point is its connection to blockchain technology, promoting decentralization. As a result, DeFi activities are also permissionless, in contrast to the existing system, which needs potential users to pass through a slew of regulatory verification procedures before they can engage in the global economy. Due to the fact that DeFi initiatives allow users to join and exit at their leisure, compliance has been a problem. They’re also resistant to censorship, which makes compliance even more difficult. In the DeFi area, compliance implies that applications must follow KYC, AML, and CFT requirements, impacting users and enabling collaboration with traditional financial institutions. Furthermore, adhering to standard financial regulatory rules can lead to widespread adoption and help a more significant number of individuals. Staking, yield farming, and liquidity provisioning are all necessary elements for a successful DEX since they let users earn passive income while safeguarding the network and confirming transactions. How does regulated DEX work? The new liquidity pools reward users that offer liquidity to the DEX with fees produced by transactions on the platform, as well as LP tokens that may be put into farming pools for extra rewards. Users contribute liquidity to existing pools by exchanging equal amounts of the two tokens in the pair for LP tokens, which represent their share of the liquidity pool. The LP tokens  generate fees equal to each user’s pool share, and they may be redeemed at any moment. DeFi Compliance - The Future of Exchanges According to the FATF report, the use of anonymous tools and procedures is on the rise, making it difficult to discover unlawful financial operations such as fraud and money laundering. The DeFi business cannot expect a free ride when it comes to compliance and should expect to be held to the same standards as traditional financial institutions. If a DEX trades equities (or tokens representing stocks), it must adhere to the same security rules and regulations as stock exchanges. A DeFi payments firm should also check the rules governing money service businesses. Effective KYC checks are a standard regulatory need across all financial industries. Any DeFi protocol that allows financial transactions without requiring identity verification is a potential magnet for criminally contaminated monies derived from bribery and corruption, fraud, ransomware, drugs, and terrorism. Simply said, regulators will not allow these loopholes for criminals to move money, and any company that facilitates such operations will be subject to heavy penalties, including fines, sanctions, or outright bans. Starting with the present regulatory criteria is a sensible step for organizations that wish to contribute to the sector’s long-term growth and participate in the next phase of the fintech revolution. Don’t forget to like this story!

Timechain one of the First Licensed DEX Aggregator brings Compliance to Fantom, BSC and Ethereum 

Slowly but assuredly, decentralized exchanges (DEXs) have increased in size in the past year and began to divert loads of liquidity from centralized exchanges to their way. Kickstarted by the boom of DeFi, and the boom of yield farming, nowadays there are so many DEX options to choose from the market. However, the DEXs market still lacks much of the basic infrastructure that investors need to make genuine alternatives. Like it or not, the abounding options of DEXs in the market come with the difficulty of adoption and challenges in user experience. Veteran investors who traded cryptocurrencies for years can still be baffled by the entrance of DEXs like Uniswap and Pancakeswap, spending vague amounts of time learning how the platforms work; not yet counting a complete beginner who never set foot on the market before. is a DEX aggregator which offers an all-in-one trade portal for all DeFi investors. The platform aggregates multiple DEXs into a single platform and allows traders to track the movements of thousands of tokens and synthetic assets and forecast the market movement. In doing so, Arken tackles the principal vulnerability of today’s DEXs: significant slippage, non-real-time information, and the lack of market indicators. Arken Finance offers statistical, technical, and graphical tools to our users with constant support and continuous improvement in user experience! Arken Finance Here are some of the features that we want you to try: Never Miss an Investment Chance with Our ‘Real-time’ Trading View & Best Rate Swap Box But that’s not all. In the crypto space where the timing is key — Arken understands that the quickest information decides who is going to win. While many DEXs cannot offer real-time cross-chain trades, Arken can. And by ‘real-time’, we really mean it. Our tool incorporates real-time trading views across multiple DEXs, offering users a single point of entry to manage digital assets with ease. Traders can analyze price movements to decide when to buy or sell at the optimal price, as well as compare synthetic asset price with the real-world price. This includes a full range of statistical tools and indicators for your own trading experience. Not only will users get nice and easy-to-use trading views, but Arken also gives you the best-rate swap and eliminates the challenging and tiring tasks. Instead of manually and tirelessly monitoring the price and the charges on your own, Arken’s swapbox helps to do that and provides you with the summary of your target trading pairs by pricing from multiple pools to find the best price across all pools and splits trading amounts across multiple routes in a single transaction to make the trade make an even better price. Currently, Arken Finance is available on 4 chains, including Ethereum, BSC, Polygon, and Avalanche with more than 30 DEXs integrated. There are a total of more than 266,000+ tokens listed across all of these platforms that can be traded across 25,000 different routes to Optimize the Best Rate. We also function as a terminal for accessing 499,945 trading pools to choose and plan your assets. Everything is there for you to discover and use for the greatest trading experience in the DeFi universe. Arken’s Gas Optimization Mode When using Arken’s swapbox, the ‘default mode’ is set to search for the BEST RATE routes without taking transaction fees into consideration, which may result in relatively higher gas fees in some cases. For those of you who invest in many smaller lots or invest in high transaction fee chains, Arken’s Gas Optimization mode, when selected, will take into account the gas fee and combine it with your trading route to offer you the “optimized” rate for your trading. You may not receive the best exchange rate in this mode, but combining the rate and gas fees, the outcome is more worthwhile. Users Can Easily Compare Tokens Performance For Better Decision Deciding on which token to buy or invest in can be a challenging decision. There are so many factors to take into account and you have to do a lot of research for its story, its information, and its statistical performance. If that is not enough, anticipating the market trends and investors’ behaviors before making a decision just to invest in a token sounds like a lot to bear. Arken Finance’s Tokens Comparison Feature is our new feature that allows you to compare and evaluate interested Tokens statistically and technically before investing your own assets. With this feature, you can review and compare up to 5 Tokens at the same time, allowing you to make buying and selling or even staking decisions in a well-thought-out kind of way. Why Arken? With all being said, the Arken Finance team is actively pushing the complete product to serve the market, so that users will experience the best-in-class trading tool that offers the best price among DEXs, minimizes slippage, and a real-time, user-friendly interface to control it all. We will be the one-place-for-all tokens that you can discover treasures from. Swap your way to the moon. Check out NOW! Arken.finance

A DEX Aggregator To Bridge DeFi and CeFi

Profit in the field of is formed from practically the same sources as in the traditional financial sector. The primary source of profit (or loss!) is trading in volatile assets. Assets, in this case, include cryptocurrencies, including coins, tokens, synthetic assets and other financial instruments. decentralized finance The second source of profit is the services that provide the opportunity for this trade. Services form an infrastructure consisting of exchanges, loan services, price oracles, etc. The profit of this infrastructure is mainly generated by commission fees. The main profit generators in DeFi are decentralized exchanges and loan services. Yield Aggregator for maximum efficiency. optimizes the ways to get this profit Harvest When a liquidity provider provides its tokens to the DEX liquidity pool, it carries the risk of “impermanent loss”. Despite the fact that the liquidity provider receives some share of the DEX commission fees, sometimes this is not enough incentive for him. A greater incentive is provided to him by the farm in which he deposits his LP-tokens. The farm pays him rewards in its own tokens of the service in which this farm is located. There are a wide variety of farms not only for LP-tokens but also for single token stakes. However, the principle of operation is the same for them. Let's say the user wants the farm to withdraw his rewards by itself, convert them into tokens, and deposit them back into the farm (single or LP-tokens), and thereby constantly increase his deposit and, consequently, profit. There are vaults for this purpose. They differ from farms in that they can perform auto-compound of the deposit at certain intervals of time. For example, every minute or every 5 minutes. Vaults can automatically compound not only LP-tokens but also single tokens, which in turn can be deposited in a loan pool, for example, in AAVE. Yield Aggregator can include hundreds of farms and vaults that generate profits from dozens of different decentralized services with different business models. The user does not even need to do anything, the Yield Aggregator does everything for him. For this work, the vaults charge a certain percentage for each automatic compounding. In general, so that the user does not do this: The Yield Aggregator does this for the user: How does all this work in an integrated way? To find out, it is necessary to investigate the system, so to speak, from the inside. As an example, let's look together at the system of one of the large Yield Aggregator combined with DEX. Yield Aggregator: What is it? Do not be afraid of a pile of blocks and arrows! In fact, there is nothing super-complicated here. Let's start with the left part of the diagram. Vaults and Funds Old Vaults (with auto-compound) buy FISH tokens (governance token and profit distribution token) on DEX and send them to a dead address (burn). For this purpose, the Old Vaults use 4.5% of the profit. Vault users pay this fee for automatic compounding. The New Vaults use the same 4.5% of the profit in order to increase the Dividend Funds in a certain proportion (according to the decision of the vote of the FISH holders). The Dividend Funds are also vaults, but they do not have the auto-compound function, since all the profits they generate are sent to DEX to buy PAW tokens (a DEX token to reward liquidity providers). 100% of the purchased PAW tokens are sent to the Dividend Vault for the payment of rewards to FISH holders. There are actually more than four vaults in dividend funds. They are simply grouped by the level of risk and profitability. These vaults can contain not only LP-tokens but also, for example, can be loan-pools with a single token. Thus, these funds contain significantly diversified assets, as a result of which they are resistant to various risks. Thus, the FISH token actually represents a share of these funds and its holder receives a certain share of the profit. It can be concluded that the service is almost completely decentralized since the level of user participation in the control and distribution of profits is determined only by the number of FISH tokens that he owns. This is a significant difference from many other Dapps, where the governance token does not give any rights to participate in the distribution of profits. AMM (DEX) Now let's see how the DEX commissions for trading transactions are distributed. 0.1% remains in the liquidity pool (that is, it is the profit of the liquidity providers) 0.02% is sent for the buying and burning of the FISH token (similar to how the old vaults do it) 0.12% make a much more interesting path. Instead of using these funds for the direct buying and burning of PAW, the funds are directed to the formation and growth of the Burning vault. The profit generated by this vault is used to buy and burn PAW. At first look, it may seem that this is not very inefficient, since there is no linear dependence of the volume of PAW burning on the volume of transactions on DEX. However, the advantages of this method are that with the constant growth of the vault, the volume of PAW burned also increases. This burning system slowly "accelerates”, but then acquires a large "inertia of movement". The most important result is that even if the trading volumes on DEX stop completely for some time, this will not affect the volume of PAW burning. The best confirmation of the effectiveness of the Burning vault system is that many development teams have already copied this method for their Dapps from the developers of this service. Well, only the block of farms remained on the diagram. There is nothing special here, this is a common system of token farming, as in other services. It's Easy! As you can see, the seeming complexity of Dapps in DeFi is not really a puzzle. The Yield Aggregator that we have reviewed is on the blockchain. After we have unraveled the intricacy of the arrows on the diagram together, we can already see what Polycat actually looks like: Polycat Polygon Dapps developers strive to create user-friendly services and, in general, there are not so many super-complicated systems in the field of decentralized finance. This is also evidenced by the continuous growth in the number of DeFi users. If you haven't discovered this “terra incognita” yet, take your first step into the future of the financial system.

How Do Yield Aggregators Work?

In a few years technology companies have successfully built a parallel financial system without banks, brokerages or exchanges. In place of these centralised authorities, technological solutions employing smart contracts and blockchain have been used. In every area of finance you may care to look, there is now a decentralized alternative. Systems such as and handle payments, and offer lending, and alone allows for the creation of multiple new assets including dollar-pegged stablecoins such as Tether (USDT) and Circle (USDC). Better still, all of these assets can be traded for other assets on , and others. Swipe PlasmaPay Aave Compound Ethereum Uniswap Sushiswap In the rush to decentralize finance and create these many fantastic tools, a little something called ‘the user experience’ may have been left to lag behind. While banks and other financial institutions are slow to adapt and to innovate, the depth and breadth of services they offer to their customers under one roof covers a wide range of individual needs. In the DeFi sector those same services are catered for with aplomb, but because they are spread out over a wide range of platforms and protocols, using them all makes the user experience far more fragmented. That’s a handicap that the DeFi sector must properly address if it is to compete with centralised services. Exchanges and Aggregators Until recently, the decentralized exchange (DEX) was the poor man of crypto, with limited decentralized liquidity making it difficult for the DEX to measure up to centralized exchanges. It wasn’t until the wider DeFi sector took off in 2020 that things began to turn around for the DEX. led the charge with , and among the frontrunners. Uniswap Sushiswap KyberSwap dYdX That still meant that users either had to shop around for the best prices on these separate protocols, or simply pick a favourite and hope for the best. The obvious solution was to employ an exchange aggregator to shop around the various exchanges for you, and this is exactly what the likes of and do. There is more to the DeFi market than exchanges alone however, and this is where decentralized finance can really begin to untap its full potential, by taking aggregation a few steps further. 1inch 0x Aggregate Everything When it comes to aggregation, there are very few limitations to what can be achieved. Anything that can be accomplished at a technological level can be aggregated and served up to DeFi users in the most appealing way possible. The next generation aggregators such as and have already begun to bring decentralization and centralization under one roof. Orion Protocol Finxflo One of the companies leading the way to a more aggregated sector is SushiSwap, which forked from Uniswap in August of 2020. The original gimmick behind the site was to offer liquidity providers Sushi tokens as well as a share of the fees like its competitor Uniswap. Now SushiSwap has moved on from this model to aggregate multiple yield farms under one DeFi dashboard. The only fly in the ointment for SushiSwap is the reputational damage caused to the platform when, without prior warning, project leader withdrew his personal holdings from its liquidity pools, crashing the price of $SUSHI in the process. Nomi later returned the $14 million in tokens, but the damage was already done. Chef Nomi There are however new aggregators in the space which do not carry the same baggage. One of the new breed of DeFi aggregators which is hoping to turn the heads of users in the decentralized sphere is . PlasmaFinance is making a name for itself by aggregating across multiple platforms and with multiple use cases. Already PlasmaFinance has aggregated yVaults from offering up to 11.4% APY on dollar-pegged stablecoin tokens - USDC, USDT and DAI. The company is now set to launch its own aggregated exchange, PlasmaSwap, which will include decentralized limit, stop loss and profit take orders, further broadening the scope and appeal of their aggregation platform. PlasmaFinance yearn.finance Evolution The DeFi space is rapidly evolving at the protocol layer, but if it is ever to take on the behemoth of centralized finance it has to improve the user experience too. With a greater range of services and functionality there is every indication that the next generation of DeFi aggregators will be better than anything that has come before.

DeFi Aggregators Just Round The Corner Are A Complete Generational Upgrade

There is little doubt that decentralized finance (DeFi) is the hottest trend in crypto, but in the rush to decentralize financial services, the consumer experience may have been left behind. DeFi protocols and centralized exchanges are both, in their own ways, siloed. Protocols remain isolated by their incompatible technology stacks and blockchains, while centralized exchanges are isolated by the regulatory capital controls of the countries in which they operate. There is a growing awareness in the sector that while decentralization of services is desirable, the piecemeal user experience which often results from that decentralization is not. This is where DeFi aggregators step in, binding individual protocols into a single simple interface that can dramatically improve the customer journey. Aggregate Everything While aggregators unite many protocols in DeFi into a single manageable user interface, they do so without fundamentally compromising its decentralized credentials. In fact, it can be argued that by allowing users to access multiple protocols from a single interface it increases the potential for decentralization within the space. Aggregators empower users to ‘shop around’, to broaden their horizons, and select from a wider range of options available on the market. and are among the many DeFi aggregators which enjoyed considerable success in 2020. If any illustration was needed of just how new this space is, 1inch, which is already considered a strongly established player, only launched in August of 2020. The company has since launched - its own dedicated automated market maker. 1inch Ox Mooniswap There are now aggregators which go beyond DeFi and seek to combine both centralized and decentralized exchanges under one roof. , based in Singapore, is one such example. Finxflo is a regulated ‘hybrid’ aggregator that allows users to access a breadth of financial services with a single KYC process and wallet. By aggregating the world’s leading exchanges, both centralized and decentralized, it can offer the very best buy and sell prices available anywhere. Finxflo is targeting both institutions that seek regulated solutions as well as general crypto users that want access to professional tools. Finxflo is launching soon with a fair launch and a token contribution event on Polkastarter on February 8. Finxflo Another project, , also aggregates every CEX, DEX, and swap platform into an easy to use decentralized platform. Their mainnet is already live, with early users being able to experience early functionality of their terminal. Additional features will be added to the terminal next year including lending, margin trading, leveraged ETFs, derivatives, contract trading, NFTs, and the staking of any digital asset type. Orion was one of the darlings of the summer DeFi boom, gaining support from some of the biggest exchanges, brokers, and blockchain projects in the market. Orion Protocol The hybrid concept could be especially important in penetrating the Asian market which has historically been slower to move to . While centralized exchanges have lost significant ground to DeFi in the west, in Asia the existing intermediary platforms have proved to be much more resilient. With both DeFi and CeFi under one roof, aggregators can offer the best of both worlds; greater price choice and liquidity, without demanding its users abandon successful and popular regional exchanges. further decentralization Not Just Exchanges Exchanges are just one potential area where the DeFi sector can benefit from aggregation. Yield farming, which was the rocket fuel of DeFi in 2020, is another area in which aggregation is a growing trend. Following a successful seed round funding of $3.6M last September, is one of the projects proving that the utility of these types of strategies goes well beyond exchanges. The smart contracts employed by APY.Finance continuously route user funds to a portfolio of the latest-and-greatest yield farming strategies across many of the leading DeFi protocols. APY.Finance From exchanges, to liquidity mining and everything in-between, aggregators are slowly taking over the cryptosphere. While we are witnessing an increasingly decentralized financial landscape, the human desire for simplicity and ease means that aggregators are here to stay.

Aggregators Are the Next Big Thing in DeFi

Financial data aggregation is the backend technology that powers many of the financial services apps we love to use and build today. Historically there have been two leaders of financial data aggregation: Plaid and Yodlee. But the world of financial data aggregation is rapidly changing. Recent laws are giving users more control of their data. Emerging asset classes like cryptocurrency are breaking into mainstream and becoming extremely important. APIs, once a rarity, are now becoming commonplace. Open Banking What does this mean for teams and developers wanting to incorporate financial data into their apps? In this post we'll compare Plaid, Yodlee and the newcomer Zabo to help you find the best tools for your financial app. Yodlee: the OG financial data aggregator Plaid API: bank and brokerage data aggregator for fintechs and startups A new era: cryptocurrency and the next phase of financial data aggregation Zabo: cryptocurrency financial data aggregation Yodlee: the OG financial data aggregator Hitting the scene in 1999, Yodlee is a true veteran in the world of financial data aggregation. It was one of the pioneers that helped create the entire category before the concept "fintech" even existed. In 2000, Yodlee merged with its competitor VerticalOne and spent 10+ years as the leading financial data aggregation platform. It leveraged this success to go public in 2014 and was later acquired by the wealth management technology company Envestnet. Today Yodlee is still one of the leading financial data aggregators and is used primarily for banks and brokerage accounts. Yodlee supports many larger enterprise clients, including Microsoft, Transferwise and Personal Capital. Advantages of Using Yodlee API Yodlee’s APIs are known for their breadth of coverage when it comes to types and locations of financial accounts. The company claims to deliver data from over 21,000 sources around the world, including banks, credit cards, investment accounts, and more. Excellent coverage: Yodlee's product extends beyond financial data aggregation to include account verification, data enrichment and even a virtual financial assistant offering. Capabilities beyond financial data aggregation: Yodlee is available in regions beyond the U.S., including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Available in non-U.S. geographies: Disadvantages of Working with Yodlee’s APIs Public reviews indicate that the look and usability of the software can show the platform’s age. In addition, poorly-organized API documentation, limited SDKs and outdated developer resources are seen as average or below average compared to competitors. Inconsistent, sometimes lacking developer experience: In researching this post, we heard directly from developers that expressed frustration in differences between sandbox and production environments - causing extra development work for the teams. While Yodlee has made a statement maintaining their compliance with all laws, regulations, and best practices; the company has been from Congress members calling on the Federal Trade Commission to investigate Yodlee for selling consumers’ personal financial data in a way they think goes against the law. *Alleged* privacy concerns: under fire Yodlee Pricing Yodlee's (US-based) pricing can be best described as a tiered consumption model. Access to the sandbox test environment (Sandbox US tier) and a scoped-down live environment (Launch US tier) are free-to-use. This includes up to 100 free activities, which Yodlee defines as a connected user for 30 days or an account verification. Their first paid tier, Grow US, starts at $500 and includes up to 1,000 activities. Anything past 1,000 activities requires contacting Yodlee to setup a custom pricing plan. Is Yodlee Safe? The short answer is Yes... mostly. One of Yodlee's strategies is to establish direct access partnerships with their data sources. The company claims that up to 70%+ of their data sources have this type of data access method. These direct access connections can have desirable performance benefits, but one downside from the customers' perspective is that they sometimes strip out multi-factor authentication (also known as two-factor authentication or 2FA). This leaves just your password as a line of defense, which can be easily compromised. Brian Krebs, a security expert, how this enables hackers to leverage data aggregators like Yodlee to attempt to access you account by bypassing multi-factor-authentication. details The other safety angle to consider is the privacy of your data. As mentioned previously, Yodlee has been under fire for selling consumer information in ways that are unlawful. allegedly These concerns must be balanced against Yodlee's long track record on security, which is pretty solid and has allowed them to gain the trust of large enterprise customers. Plaid API: bank and brokerage data aggregator for fintechs and startups If you're involved in financial technology, chances are you've heard of Plaid — one of the most popular financial data aggregators on the market today. It's used primarily by U.S. based fintechs and startups for connecting banks and brokerage accounts. At the time of this writing, Plaid claims to connect to 11,000 financial institutions across the U.S., Canada, and Europe. While most of that coverage is in the U.S., they are actively expanding in other regions. Since its founding around 2012 — originally as a personal financial planning tool — Plaid has helped power many of the fintech darlings we know today, including Venmo, Robinhood, Chime and Betterment. In early 2019, Plaid acquired Quovo, a competitor specializing in investment and brokerage accounts. The acquisition gave Plaid, which was more focused on banks at the time, a more comprehensive offering. Plaid shocked the fintech world  in early 2020 when it announced they were being acquired by Visa for over $5 billion. It's unclear how the acquisition will impact Plaid's service offering longer term. At the time of writing, the deal has yet to close; the U.S. government is the deal on the grounds that it would create a monopoly in digital monetary transactions. attempting to block Advantages of Using Plaid’s API Plaid claims to connect to over 11,000 financial institutions. They also claim that their Auth product (used for confirming you own an account)  would be able to authenticate accounts in in the U.S. Solid coverage for bank and brokerage accounts: every bank and credit union Given that financial data aggregation happens via API, it's extremely important that the process is developer-friendly. Plaid gets high marks for strong API documentation, a helpful Quickstart guide, useful example apps  and multiple SDKs for various programming languages and platforms. Developer friendliness: Disadvantages of Plaid’s APIs It’s well known that connectivity between Plaid and Capital One , at best. Plaid had similar with PNC (through Venmo, a Plaid customer). The root of the problem is philosophical differences between Plaid and financial institutions on how both data is fetched and how credentials are stored. Some known connectivity issues: is iffy clashes While Plaid can connect to many banks and brokerages, it does not allow your app to support cryptocurrency, leaving those accounts stranded. No support for cryptocurrency: Plaid Pricing Plaid's pricing can also be described as a tiered consumption model and it's quite similar to Yodlee's pricing. Plaid segments it's products into the following categories: Transactions - transaction histories of accounts Auth - confirming account ownership Balance - balances of accounts Identity - confirming who you are Investments - balances and transactions for brokerages Assets - financial snapshot for loans Liabilities - access customer loan data Plaid’s has three pricing tiers for the U.S. and Canada: Test, Scale and Launch. Test is a free account that starts with up to 100 live connections. A live connection is a single connected account. If Jane connects her Bank of America and Vanguard accounts, that is two live connections in Plaid. The Scale tier is a pay-as-you-go plan with unlimited items with no minimums. According to our research, individual connections start at around $0.30 per connection per month and decline in cost based on volume. Single-usage products like Auth and Identity cost between $1.00 $2.00 per call depending on volume. The last tier starts at $500/month for access to every feature, access to support, a tailored package, and volume pricing on the individual products. For more further intel on this topic, check out from Plaid customers. this post Is Plaid Safe? Similar to Yodlee, the short answer is Yes... ish. Though Plaid plans to switch to using more APIs and direct access methods, today they use a technology called screen scraping to retrieve most of their data. Their reason for this is threefold: Some financial institutions have no APIs, so you can't get access otherwise Some financial institutions have APIs, but don't give them out without partnerships Screen scraping is a an easier way to get access to some types of data an API might not provide Because of lack of APIs and reliance on screen scraping, Plaid not only has more access to data in accounts than simply balances or transaction history, but they are storing data (including credentials) in their system in a less permissioned way (from the data source's perspective). This poses a security risk, one that you must trust Plaid to handle with care. So far, Plaid has appeared to act in good faith with customer data and has a good security track record. If the Visa / Plaid acquisition closes, you'll have to trust Visa to be a good steward too. A new era: cryptocurrency and the next phase of financial data aggregation As we've seen, financial data aggregation leaders Plaid and Yodlee are focused mostly on banks and investment brokerages. Using one or even a combination of them can give you solid coverage of traditional accounts. But there's one critical account type that Plaid and Yodlee are missing: . cryptocurrency accounts Luckily, is the financial data aggregator that fills the cryptocurrency void. Zabo is built specifically for connecting to crypto accounts such as exchanges and wallets. It supports all the top exchanges, including Coinbase, Binance, Gemini, Kraken and many more. Zabo In other words, Zabo is the Plaid or Yodlee for cryptocurrency. But before we dive into Zabo, let's reflect on we think it is so important to support cryptocurrency in your application. why The reality is that cryptocurrency isn't some small, obscure thing anymore. It's a market approaching a trillion dollars in value and growing very quickly. Coinbase alone supports over 35 million accounts, which is more than investments goliath Fidelity. Recent research from the University of Cambridge estimates there are 191 million cryptocurrency accounts in existence and that number is growing at an incredible rate: at least From University of Cambridge's 3rd Global Cryptoasset Benchmarking study 2020 was an insane growth year for cryptocurrency, ushering in an unprecedented level of adoption across both fintech and the investing world. Some of the highlights include: PayPal announcing that their U.S. users would be able to start cryptocurrency via their Cash or Cash Plus accounts buying, selling, and holding Fidelity Investments — which manages over $3.3 trillion in assets — a Bitcoin mutual fund (after previously creating Fidelity Digital Assets) announcing Microstrategy — a public technology company — bought $475M worth of Bitcoin and then raised money and bought $600M more Square M of their assets in Bitcoin, stating that: "Square believes that cryptocurrency is an instrument of economic empowerment and provides a way for the world to participate in a global monetary system, which aligns with the company's purpose." investing $50 Mass Mutual — the $285 billion insurer and asset manager — announced they bought $100M worth of Bitcoin Legendary macro investors bought Bitcoin, including Paul Tudor Jones, Stan Druckenmiller and Bill Miller The OCC officially declared that U.S. banks can custody cryptocurrency Coinbase, the leading U.S. cryptocurrency exchange, surpassed 35 million accounts It’s no surprise that these developments led to Bitcoin to shatter all-time high prices and create even more interest in cryptocurrency. : whether you're a fintech, a digital bank, an investment brokerage, personal financial management tool, or even tax and accounting tool, Bitcoin and cryptocurrency are now a mainstream asset that needs to be reflected in your product portfolio. One thing is very clear To operate in this new world of cryptocurrency, you need a tool like Zabo. Zabo: cryptocurrency financial data aggregation Founded in 2018, is a next-generation financial data aggregator with a focus on cryptocurrency accounts. The team behind Zabo has been involved in building cryptocurrency infrastructure and products since 2015. Zabo While Plaid and Yodlee enable connecting traditional accounts like banks and brokerages, Zabo allows you to connect to any . cryptocurrency account One of the killer features of Zabo is that it not only supports major custodial exchanges like Coinbase, Binance, Kraken and others, but also the millions of user-held self-custody wallets such as Trezor, Ledger and MetaMask. Given that self-custody and decentralization are core principles of cryptocurrency, this is critically important. Advantages of Zabo’s API Zabo has the largest library of cryptocurrency integrations and is continually adding new connection types to stay on the cutting edge. This is very important in the rapidly evolving world of cryptocurrency. Deep, constantly-improving cryptocurrency coverage: Zabo connects to all the major crypto exchanges, including Coinbase, Binance, Kraken, Gemini and many, many others. But Zabo also supports self-custody wallets like Trezor, Ledger and MetaMask, as well as decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols like Uniswap. Support for both custodial and non-custodial accounts: Zabo is a product for developers made by developers. We are deeply focused on providing an amazing developer experience by: Robust developer resources and friendliness: having clean, clear and detailed API documentation facilitating direct and fast support through their and Discord forums providing helpful tools to get started quickly (e.g. their Quickstart application) and reduce your development time Disadvantages of Zabo’s API Of course if you’re looking to help your users connect their crypto accounts , you’ll need to pair Zabo with another financial data aggregator of your choosing. No support for traditional accounts: as well as other more traditional financial accounts Zabo Pricing Similar to Plaid and Yodlee, Zabo has a tiered consumption model that is split into three parts: Test, Team and Scale. When you signup, you are automatically given access to the free Test tier, which has full access to the Zabo sandbox with endpoints that mirror the live API environment. Once you're ready to go live, you can connect up to 100 live accounts for free while having access to the entire Zabo integration library. The first paid plan (Team) is pay as you go and is priced on a per connection per month basis (similar to Plaid). There are price breaks based on hitting volume of connection thresholds (e.g. after 1,000 connections) so that the pricing becomes more attractive as you grow. For large applications (Scale tier), Zabo works with teams to establish custom, volume pricing based on usage and scale. Importantly, there are no minimums or set up fees. Simply sign up, start testing and then only pay for what you use afterwards. Is Zabo Safe? One of the most ground-breaking innovations of cryptocurrency is that they are bearer assets: they don't require a middle man to hold or transact with. This is a stark contrast to the highly intermediated world of traditional finance, where literally everything requires middle men. The flip side of this self-custody super power is that there are new best practices and norms required to secure cryptocurrencies. Zabo's team background is in security - prior to the Zabo API the team was a provider of security audits for cryptocurrency projects. This makes security for everything the team builds, including: the most important thing No access to private keys Zabo doesn't collect personal information on users who connect accounts - all holdings information is assigned to anonymous IDs No write-access on accounts Every Zabo integration is intentionally scoped to read-only access End-to-end encryption on any credentials entering the system and military-grade security around backend infrastructure Layered security and OpSec. Role-based access and tiered controls to production infrastructure Importantly, Zabo also does not change the underlying security of integrations. That means if you have two-factor authentication (2FA) on your account (which you in 100% of cases), Zabo requires users to provide the 2FA in order to authenticate. absolutely should Final thoughts When financial data aggregation emerged, it enabled financial services to leverage technology to serve customers in ways never before possible. Now we are at the dawn of a new era, with tools that will provide newer experiences (like cryptocurrencies) and even greater gains for companies and customers alike. The reality is that you don't have to just use one financial data aggregator. Because aggregators have consumption-based pricing, it's easy to mix and match them for the best combination of features. In fact, when we interviewed developers and teams for this post, that's exactly what most did. Get in Touch Twitter: | @ZaboAPI @alextreece1 Email: | contact@zabo.com alex@zabo.com Zabo's Discord This was originally posted on the Zabo Blog ( : ) Disclaimer The author is the Founder at Zabo

Financial Data Aggregator Review: Zabo Vs. Yodlee Vs. Plaid

Just like helps people share money between bank accounts seamlessly, the new Account Aggregator framework (AA) will help people share their financial data quickly and safely. UPI In the early days of UPI, people felt a lot of apprehensions. Is UPI safe? Is it okay to link my bank account to an app like ? How will the app be able to make transactions for me? How can I make sure that I don't make a false transaction? BHIM Since then, most of us have learned our way through UPI without falling prey to UPI scams and frauds. However, as AA apps start launching, we will have the same apprehensions about the AA ecosystem. Will the AA apps be safe? Will I be able to share my data securely? This post helps debunk myths around Account Aggregators so you can feel safe adopting these new apps. What is an Account Aggregator? Just like how a UPI app facilitates the transfer of funds from one bank to another, an Account Aggregator will be used to transfer financial data. Here's what you can do with an AA: Discover and link your accounts with . FIPs are the organisations that hold your financial data — e.g banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, etc. Financial Information Providers (FIPs) Give consent to share your information with a . FIUs are organisations that consume financial data to provide consumer services — e.g. lending agencies, insurance companies, personal wealth management companies, etc. Financial Information User (FIUs) See the history of your data sharing and revoke any consent. Let's go through an example. Suppose you need to send your bank statements to your insurance agency. Today, you have to go to your bank branch or online banking, download your bank statements, attest them, and deliver or send them to the insurance agency. But with Account Aggregators, everything will happen digitally. An AA app is like Dunzo, picking up something for you and delivering it to another place. You will open your AA app and link your bank account. This lets the AA, aka your Dunzo driver, access and fetch your banking data. For a Dunzo delivery, since all orders and communication happen within the app, everyone involved knows that your Dunzo driver is legit. Similarly, since the entire data transaction happens with the AA protocol, the bank will know that your request is valid. Next, the AA app will fetch your account information from the bank in an encrypted form. Just like Dunzo can't look inside a package you send, an AA will be data-blind. It will know the details of your transaction, but it will not see any of the data that you are sending. Next, the AA will deliver your data to the insurance agency. There's no need to follow up or send clarifications about your data. The insurance agency will be given all the information it needs — the consent to access your bank statements, how long the consent lasts for, how many months of statements you've shared, whether all your statements are available, etc. Just like for a Dunzo delivery, once your bank statements have been delivered safely, both you and your bank will receive a notification. Learn more about Account Aggregators : how they work, how they were created, and how they'll transform the fintech industry. : If I link my financial account to an AA, it will store my information. Myth #1 Think of an Account Aggregator as a postman. Its job is to know that you have asked it to deliver a sealed envelope from Point A (an FIP) to Point B (an FIU). Just like how a postman can't see inside your envelope, an AA can't see the details of your request. AAs are data-blind. At most, they will know that you are sharing certain information provided by an FIP to an FIU. They may temporarily store your encrypted information in their servers. (This allows them to aggregate information from other FIPs and then send it all to FIUs, much like how a postman will collect various letters and then deliver all of them to you at once.) But they can't view that information. Linking your account to AA is quite safe. They only save information about the FIPs linked to your account to help you transact easier. They will never have access to your actual bank statements, loan bonds, tax returns, etc. : If I link too many of my financial accounts to an AA, they will be able to profile me. Myth #2 Again, this isn't possible. Account Aggregators are data-blind, and they can't read the data you share using it. Their job is to collect data requests for you and share information on your behalf, like a postman. No matter many accounts you link, an AA won't be able to see the details of your bank accounts or any other financial information, which would be necessary to profile you. : AA apps can share my data without my consent. Myth #3 Account Aggregation is based on a tightly thought-out consent architecture whose core tenant is data privacy and security. AAs will require explicit consent on every data transaction that you do. AAs won't be able to download data from an FIP without an explicit consent request being raised or approved by you. And, just like you have to approve a UPI transaction in the BHIM app, you will have to enter your secure AA PIN on an AA app to approve every transaction. Also, as per the (which lays out rules for AAs), Account Aggregators can't be in any other business. They can only be an AA. This prevents an AA from establishing a side business and selling your encrypted data. Reserve Bank of India's Master Directive Mock app image for setting a user PIN on an Account Aggregator. Created by Parallel . : If I give consent once, an AA will have access to my data forever. Myth #4 Every consent will only be valid for as long as you want. There are two types of consent: one-time consent and recurring consent. In a , your data will only be shared once. one-time consent In a , your consent will only be valid for a certain amount of time (which you set). recurring consent Let's say I want to share my bank statements. I can choose to share the last three months of bank statements once, or I can share bank statements with an FIU once a month for the next three months. When and how your data is shared totally depends on the request an FIU makes and whether you consent to that request. Moreover, you will always have access to your consent logs, and you can revoke consent anytime. For example, even if you had given consent for three months, you can revoke the consent after two months. After all, it's your data. : There will be far too many AA apps, just like all the UPI apps ( , , , etc.) Myth #5 BHIM Google Pay PhonePe Yes and no. Yes, there will be multiple Account Aggregator apps in the market. In fact, right now, there are already . seven registered AAs However, not everyone can become an AA. Companies must get a license from the RBI to operate as an AA, which requires a thorough . ( ) application process Check out the application form here. Currently, consent history can't be shared across AA apps. However, if better data portability and sharing was added as a feature, it would mean that people could use just one AA app of their choice and keep all financial records in one place. : Using AAs will lead to more data theft, since bank statements can be shared in a few clicks. Myth #6 Actually, your financial information is more at risk in the non-AA world. How many times have you printed your bank statements, got them attested, and then gave them to some other institution? There are more chances for misuse — a bank employee can take photos or make photocopies and sell your data, or you might forget your bank documents in a public place. With Account Aggregators, you are giving explicit digital consent for data sharing. It's like moving from paying with cash to a UPI app — no chance of someone stealing your cash anymore! Moreover, with AAs, you will always have a written record of who is using your financial data and for what purpose. Mock app image for giving consent to share financial data on an Account Aggregator. Created by Parallel . : With so much data sharing, I won't be able to track who is using my data and why. Myth #7 This is a half-myth. Yes, Account Aggregators will increase data sharing. That's the whole purpose — to help you share your confidential financial information securely and privately. However, AAs make it possible to track every data transaction that you make, which is difficult to track in the non-AA world. : Someone could see all my financial details if they open my AA app. Myth #8 Security is at the heart of the AA ecosystem, so AA apps won't expose all your financial details. When you link your financial accounts with AA, even the AA app can't see your entire account number. The data is shared with the AA app as masked information. Even if you leave your phone open by mistake, and someone looks at all your accounts, all they will be able to see the last four digits of your account number. And they won't be able to do anything with your accounts unless they enter your secure AA PIN. The TL;DR version To sum it up quickly... An Account Aggregator is like a postman. It can send your financial data, but it will never be able to read or store it. You'll have to consent to every data transaction, so AAs can't share data without your say-so. You'll always know when your financial data is shared and with whom, and you can revoke consent at any time. AAs make your financial data far safer, even though it's quick and easier for you to share your data. All financial data is encrypted and masked, and even people who have your phone can't view it. An AA app can't view or use your data to profile you, and they can never go into a side business with your data. The RBI is limiting AA apps, which will be able to share your consent history from app to app, so there's no need for more than one AA app on your phone. We hope this helps to debunk some of the common AA myths out there and gives you a glimpse into how the new Account Aggregator framework will work. This article was written by Richa Verma from Parallel and was previously published here .

Introduction to Account Aggregators: 8 Common Myths  Debunked

Account Aggregators (AAs) are about to take the fintech market by storm. Remember how UPI completely changed how people send money? No more awkwardly splitting restaurant bills, or digging for exact change to pay off that friend who's been bugging you for months. Account Aggregators (AAs) are about to do that for all other types of financial transactions in India! Imagine sending your bank statements in a single click, rather than having to print and deliver them. Or small businesses being able to share their financial data and get a loan in minutes, not months. Or sharing valid financial documents without having to sign them 100 times and show 10  forms of ID. Whether you're a fintech startup or a financial giant, it's imperative to learn the ins and outs of AAs before they transform the Indian fintech industry. Looking for a primer on what an Account Aggregator is? Or how your fintech company can use it? Or where it should fit into your fintech product? Or what DEPA, OCEN, and the rest of the AA jargon actually means? Keep reading for an explanation of all Account Aggregator concepts in layman's terms, a clear understanding of the changing fintech landscape, and how to prepare your product infrastructure and internal capabilities to adapt to AAs. What Exactly Is an Account Aggregator? Account Aggregators share data securely between FIPs and FIUs. : organisations that hold your financial data e.g banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, etc. Financial Information Providers (FIPs) organisations that consume financial data to provide consumer services e.g. banks, lending agencies, insurance companies, personal wealth management companies, etc. Financial Information User (FIUs): An Account Aggregator will facilitate the process of consent, much like how a UPI app facilitates the transfer of funds from one bank account to another. AAs will be used to transfer financial data rather than funds. : Think of an AA as Dunzo for financial data. Example Let's work through an example: suppose you need to send your bank statements to your insurance agency. Today, you have to go to your bank branch or online banking, download your bank statements, attest them, and deliver or send them to the insurance agency. With Account Aggregators, everything will happen digitally. An AA app is like Dunzo, picking up something for you and delivering it to another place. You will open your AA app and link your bank account. This lets the AA, aka your Dunzo driver, access and fetch your banking data. For a Dunzo delivery, since all orders and communication happen within the app, everyone involved knows that your Dunzo driver is legit. Similarly, since the entire data transaction happens with the AA protocol, the bank will know that your request is valid. Next, the AA app will fetch your account information from the bank in an encrypted form. Just like Dunzo can't look inside a package you send, an AA will be data-blind. It will know the details of your transaction, but it will not see any of the data that you are sending. Next, the AA will deliver your data to the insurance agency. There's no need to follow up or send clarifications about your data. The insurance agency will be given all the information it needs — the consent to access your bank statements, how long the consent lasts for, how many months of statements you've shared, whether all your statements are available, etc. Just like for a Dunzo delivery, once your bank statements have been delivered safely, both you and your bank will receive a notification. And, much like Dunzo, the AA app will maintain logs of all your transactions, or in the AA world, all consents given and fulfilled. Mock user flow for giving consent to share data via an Account Aggregator. Created by Parallel . A Quick History of Account Aggregators 2016: RBI's Master Directive The Account Aggregator framework was introduced to make sharing financial data easier, quicker and more secure. This idea first showed up in government policy in 2016, when the Reserve Bank of India issued a to introduce how AAs would work and be regulated. Master Directive This framework was created by an inter-regulatory alphabet soup of : the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDAI), and Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) through the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC). government agencies AAs are the final layer (called the " ") of , a set of APIs to improve digital services for Indians. The other layers of India Stack include , , , and . Consent Layer India Stack Aadhar eKYC UPI DigiLocker eSign 2020: OCEN and DEPA In the last year, AAs have quickly moved from idea to an imminent reality, thanks to OCEN and DEPA. In July 2020, the was launched to help small businesses get credit easily. OCEN is a common language to help financial lenders and marketplaces communicate and create massive financial credit products. Open Credit Enablement Network ( OCEN ) "The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) was a protocol for payments, OCEN allows you to connect lenders to marketplaces." – Nandan Nilekani Account Aggregators are the biggest implementation of data sharing that can happen through OCEN. They will help lenders lend money to small businesses and less data-savvy people in minutes, not months. In addition, the will be launched in 2020. It has been by the NITI Aayog and is currently under discussion by both government and private stakeholders. Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture ( DEPA ) drafted DEPA is a framework that will help users safely, privately share their digital data. Its technology architecture allows for the creation of , data-blind tools that will safely share but never see, encrypted data. All data sharing requires a user's full consent and knowledge. In the financial sector, Consent Managers are called Account Aggregators. Consent Managers AA Apps Come to Your Phone (Soon) The fintech ecosystem is about to change dramatically as more and more fintech players join the Account Aggregator framework, DEPA and OCEN are implemented, and the RBI's Master Directive comes into effect. So far, have been approved by the RBI and are in the works. seven AA clients This is certainly just the start of how Account Aggregators will transform financial products. These new frameworks and policy measures will change the way the fintech industry functions in India, and potentially even set examples for the global fintech industry as well. Why are Account Aggregators important? "Today of Indian small businesses get credit from the banking system. Due to combination of factors like public sector banks having high NPAs, NBFCs having asset liability mismatch, the whole thing is gridlocked." – only 8% Nandan Nilekani Today, most small businesses find it difficult to get credit. They either lack the right data, or they don't have time to collect all the data they need. Using the AA architecture, banks and lending agencies will now be able to give credit based on verified data such as GST invoices, bank statements, securities information, etc. No need for repeated checks or physical examination of the data. Since the data will be coming in from the source itself, there are fewer chances of tampering with the data, and the access to this data will be quite easy. Easy sharing of verified data will truly digitise the lending process. It will make lending simpler for banks and businesses alike, and it will help banks give credit faster and more securely. Worried about whether Account Aggregators are safe? Check out our blog with 8 common myths about AAs. Mock user flow for linking your bank account on an Account Aggregator. Created by Parallel . How Will Account Aggregators Impact Fintechs? As Account Aggregators become more common, the fintech landscape will change drastically. Standardised Financial Information As the AA architecture is implemented, it will help standardise financial information across the fintech players. After all, data can't be easily shared if different organisations store it in different formats. Sharing and storing information in the same structure will make it quicker to transfer information and easier to create underwriting algorithms or other monitoring mechanisms. Best Practices for Security and Privacy The Account Aggregator framework has strong rules around data privacy, protection and access. Any organisation participating in AAs will have to follow these policies for trustworthy data sharing. As a result, AAs will encourage organisations to follow standardised security and privacy best practices e.g. data masking, encryption at source, and most importantly, explicit consent from a user before their data is shared or accessed. Safer Data Storage and Sharing Similarly, AA policies will mean no more ad-hoc ways of storing, maintaining and sharing data. Organisations will have to follow stricter security and privacy rules to share their data through AAs. And, most importantly, AAs will remove the risk of leaking financial information by printing it and sharing at branch offices or downloading it as PDFs and sharing it on emails, etc. Integrations for Current Financial Players As Account Aggregators becomes common, organisations will start to explore how to integrate the AA architecture and make their systems compliant. For example, if you're a lending institution, you could look at how to incorporate transaction-based lending, since AAs will make it easy to receive a user's transaction data. How might your underwriting algorithms change? How can you better monitor and track whether a lendee will pay you back? New Players in Fintech With AAs, it will be super quick to receive and verify someone's official bank statements. This makes it easier to onboard a new customer and verify their financial information without much time or resources. This will lead to the growth of new players in fintech sub-sectors e.g. lending, wealth management, personal finance management, (automated financial advice), and even accounting. robo-advisory What will Account Aggregators Mean for Fintech Customers? Higher Trust Implementing Account Aggregators will help fintech organisations build more trust with their customers. First, by making consent explicit, customers will be able to quickly check what information about them an organisation has or doesn't have. Second, given the security and privacy policies implemented because of AA, there will be a higher degree of trust when sharing financial information. Easier Data Collection AA will also reduce the pain of sharing information — finding financial information, collating it, logging it multiple times in various applications, and then sharing it securely with an FIU. For example, just for a loan, a customer has to separately collect six months of bank statements, income tax information, identification proofs, and more, all on paper. However, once AA is implemented, all information sharing can happen online, people won't need lots of identification proofs, and it won't take weeks to process an application because of the sheer amount of paperwork and verification. This means not just more privacy and security, but also better customer experience. Clear Data Consent and Logs The biggest upside with Account Aggregators is that consumers will always have the logs of all their data transactions. And, more importantly, they can revoke access whenever they want. It's not like handing over your documents to an organisation forever. Customers can revoke access and take their documents back without visiting a single office. Conclusion These are interesting times for the finance industry, not just in India, but across the world. Successful implementation of the DEPA framework and AA architecture will be instrumental for setting gold standards of protecting data, building consent into data transactions, and making data interoperability a reality. Next steps for Account Aggregator integrations 1. Consider how you can integrate AAs into your product or organisation: First, identify whether you will be aN FIP, an FIU, or both, and then prepare your organisation for the incoming change. Second, look up the (e.g. FinVu, OneMoney, etc.) and see how you can do a quick implementation or POC. upcoming AAs 2. Read the AA . API sandbox documentation ‍ 3. Check out the that AAs will be able to get from financial information providers (FIPs) and share with financial information users (FIUs). schema of information This article was written by Richa Verma and Christine Garcia from Parallel and was previously published here: https://www.parallelhq.com/blog/what-are-account-aggregators-fintech

Account Aggregators: What Are They and How Will They Change the Fintech Ecosystem?

1/ Consumers increasingly trust Amazon, Stitchfix, and other aggregators to sort and surface the best products, which diminishes the importance of individual manufacturers. This means the algorithm is the new consumer brand–signaling trust and quality. 2/ Brands used to play an important role in an offline world with limited access to information, acting as a proxy for preference, functionality, and quality. For instance: I need to buy detergent, and I trust that Tide will do the job well. 3/ But with ecommerce, algorithms incorporated user preferences, reviews, and product traits, and became smarter with more purchases & data. “Amazon’s Choice” or “recommended for you” fill the same need that brands used to, giving us confidence that we will like something. 4/ The decline in importance of brand is not limited to utilitarian, Amazon Basics-able categories. It’s also happening in categories where brand used to really matter. 5/ In fashion, personal styling companies like Stitch Fix capture data on users’ style and size, and bypass user choice to send them clothing they’re likely to love. If you ask a customer where an item is from, she’ll likely say “Stitch Fix,” not the actual underlying brand. 6/ In the travel vertical, Airbnb and other aggregators have also eroded the power of hotel brands. Hotels represented a certain experience and quality–the name was so important that most public hotel companies’ revenues come from franchising. 7/ But user reviews and algorithmic recommendations chipped away at this brand advantage, enabling independent operators to compete on the same footing as established hotel brands. 8/ As more verticals get “Stitch Fix’ed” by shopping platforms with data network effects and growing user trust, the winners are long-tail brands that can be discovered and build healthy businesses. But the losers are big brands who can’t win on the basis of brand alone. 9/ So what does this mean for founders who are aiming to build consumer companies? 10/ First, the platform always wins. If you rely disproportionately on digital platforms at any point in the purchasing funnel, it’s important to realize that your ability to reach consumers depends on a black-box algorithm. 11/ Secondly, not all consumer categories are created equal. Some are less prone to algorithmic disruption than others. In some categories, brand will remain important for years to come. More attractive categories for brand-building include: 12/ a) Categories where look and feel and emotion matters just as much, or more, as the underlying function. No one will ever say to Alexa, “Buy a smartphone” because they care too much about the intangibles of look and feel. 13/ Many women are happy to pay an extra $30 for a Dior mascara even though there’s widely known drugstore dupes, simply because of how it makes them feel. 14/ b) Categories where people’s taste is hyper-unique and specific. Food is a literal example of this: there’s actually preferences at the chemical level. Being a Pittsburgh native, I will only eat Heinz ketchup because it actually tastes better than other brands! 15/ c) Categories where brand is closely tied to a sense of identity. Strong brands can create a language for self-expression, where having their product feels like gaining membership in a club. 16/ I’d wager that ridesharing and AVs will be more disruptive to lower/mid-tier car manufacturers where the product is viewed as a utility, vs. luxury brands where ownership is just as much a signal of personal identity. 17/ Outside of the core product, there’s also a universe of other factors that can serve to shore up brand defensibility–for instance, the content and community that build user loyalty and foster an emotional connection. Or, a unique shopping experience that serves as a draw. 18/ And removing yourself from the algorithm entirely can also work, if you can get enough leverage. Existing outside of aggregators like Amazon, and creating a standalone presence for your brand online and offline is a sure way to own the end customer relationship and mindshare. 19/ Overall, the winner in this shifting power balance between aggregators and brands is the consumer. We’re lucky that instead of spending time & energy sifting through products, or relying on brands as shortcuts, we now have access to services that do the hard work for us. Originally published as “ " Software Eats Brands: Aggregators Are The New Consumer Brands

How Aggregators Are Replacing Brands [Tweetstorm]

Disclaimer: This article does not offer financial advice, do your own research when using one of the presented products. Use these projects and services at your own risk. Googling for “decentralised finance adoption” provides you with tons of articles talking about the shift towards decentralised finance (DeFi). An article published by discusses how the grew from a niche market to mainstream finance. Cointelegraph DeFi movement The article presents an interesting statistic about the total value locked in DeFi markets. Over the course of one year, the total value of locked Ether rose from $317 million to over $1 billion. Therefore, we can say that 2020 will see an even bigger shift towards DeFi solutions. Many projects offer multi-collateralised and uncollateralised . However, there is still some feeling of uncertainty about these products as the crypto price volatility is still a tricky challenge to tackle in combination with the scalability of these applications. The majority of the DeFi solutions provide lending products. lending products Nevertheless, we’ve seen the rise of many successful DeFi projects, including: Compound: Allows to earn a yield on non-yielding digital assets dYdX: Focus on borrowing and lending for margin trading YouHodler: Lending provider which offers Multi HODL Synthetix: Decentralised synthetic assets MakerDAO: CDP for stable coin stabilisation Dharma: Lending without a centralised bank So, how has DeFi sparked the search for alternative financial products? Search for Stable Financial Products There is a search for new financial products that offer stable returns. Currently, traditional savings accounts are even facing negative interest. This means you have to pay the bank to store your money. Because of this, a lot of young people are looking for new, interesting alternatives to grow their capital and counteract inflation. Therefore, the boomed at the right moment, providing the ability for users to borrow money and earn stable returns. This explains the fast adoption of DeFi products during these current times of financial uncertainty. DeFi industry Akiva Lai, chief product officer at auditing platform , highlights the significant growth of the space and why the financial uncertainty has boosted adoption: Maxonrow DeFi “It’s pretty astounding, to be honest. $1 billion in locked DeFi value may seem minuscule compared to legacy finance, but we need to examine it for what it could be — not what it currently is. Paired with the ballooning growth of exchange products, from derivatives to staking services, and it’s only natural that more users will tap DeFi products in the never-ending search for yield amid an uncertain economic backdrop of negative interest rates and slow growth.” From this whole economy of lending providers, has developed the protocol . The protocol helps you with obtaining the highest yield. Therefore, we can say that iearn.finance is a lending aggregator that helps you with finding the best deals without having to care about the underlying details. Andre Cronje iearn.finance Let’s learn how Andre Cronje has designed iearn.finance and how you can use it? This article is dedicated to iearn.finance’s product and explains how the product works. To clarify things, iearn.finance does not make any profits. It’s a free, open-source protocol. The team behind iearn.finance does not intend to monetize it and they have revoked admin keys so the product can be 100% non-custodial . Q1: Explain what a lending aggregator is? A lending aggregator simply aggregates the lending services other projects offer into one easy-to-use tool. iearn offers a protocol that looks for lending platforms with the highest yield. In addition to finding the highest yield, the protocol rebalances every week to find the highest yield. Q2: Why consider using iearn.finance for maximising profits? allows you to deposit , USDC, USDT, and TUSD. This means only stable coins can be used for lending money. Therefore, the platform reduces risk as there’s barely volatility associated with those stable coins. Iearn.finance DAI Next, iearn.finance aggregates the following lending platforms to maximise your profits: Compound (disabled) Fulcrum dYdX Aave DDEX Currently, the annual percentage yield (APY) is on average 20%. These statistics can be found on . For those unaware what the APY means, here’s a short explanation: iearn’s website In contrast to APR, the APY of a loan includes the amount earned from compounding. A good example explaining the difference between APR and APY can be found at . ValuePenguin.com In short, iearn.finance helps you to earn a stable interest for your inactive cryptocurrencies. Q3: What are the risks of using iearn.finance? When reviewing a platform, it’s fair to also take a look at the risks. Let’s review both internal and external risks. External risks We can say the risks of losing money are minimised by using stable coins as you don’t have to deal with crypto volatility. However, a stablecoin project can stop its operations or be hacked although the chance this happens is very low. Also, there is a small risk something goes wrong with the lending providers. In short, you have to trust the lending providers that they implement the right security measures and manage the product accordingly. Internal risks Andre Cronje, creator of iearn.finance, explains that the internal risks for iearn include: Smart contract failure. Failure of any software components. However, the team has revoked their admin credentials, so there is no risk associated with custodial services. Iean.finance is a non-custodial product and the project lives as an open-source protocol that can be reviewed by anyone. As Andre Cronje loves to say: Low risk, high yield, stable rewards. Providing youth with new, low-risk investment options. Q4: What about the technicals? Here are some cool, technical facts. Cool #1: On-chain investment decisions The cool part of iearn.finance is that a smart contract takes care of making investment decisions. Moreover, it means that it makes these investment decisions on-chain. This means the contract has to find creative solutions to find out about the interest rate a particular project offers. To give an example, the Compound project provides a smart contract that sets the interest rate. From this constant, the APR can be calculated. You can find an example of how iearn did this in the following . Medium article Cool #2: Automatic rebalancing From another article , we can learn that the smart contract automatically rebalances every time someone interacts with the contract. published by iearn Next, it finds the highest rate and moves the underlying funds there. The full details of this mechanism can again be found in the article. Cool #3: What if the liquidity pool is too large? What happens when your liquidity pool is so large, that when you move to take advantage of a lending providers’ yield, you wipe out the yield? It turned out that a simple call to calculate the APR is not sufficient. The team behind iearn.finance has built an oracle that helps to calculate the APR and takes into account the pool size to optimize the yield. This means the oracle calculates how the pool size affects the APR and where to best put the maximum amount of funds to gain the highest aggregate yield. ( ) source If you want to read more about this scenario, then Andre has published a much more comprehensive in which he expands on this topic. article Want to learn more about iearn? Visit or visit their in case you have further questions. Remember, the product is still in beta, only use it at your own risk. iearn.finance platform Telegram channel Happy lending!

On Building the Upstart DeFi Aggregator iearn.finance with Andre Cronje [Interview]

Accepting payments in foreign currency from a credit card for an online business is a cross-border operation, which leads to a sharp increase in the cost of accepting payments for businesses or leads to a decrease in the conversion of payments by customers. I will examine internally the options for connecting acquiring for international online business and touch on the topic of “High Risk”. Acquiring Rates The classic card acquiring scheme: — pay the merchant (seller) — pay the commission at the rate of the Acquirer. — pay for interchaining ~0.7%–2.5 % to the Card Issuer. pay for card processing fees ~ 0.1%–0.2%(Visa / Mastercard, etc.) Client Merchant Acquirer Acquire and Card Issuer Wholesale Transaction Cost from Processing Banks mainly practice multi-level and fixed acquiring rates. Consider a wholesale example of the Visa ISA (Visa International Service Assessment) and IAF (Visa International Acquirer Fee) foreign card processing fees are charged whenever a payment is made in foreign currency. Thus, if you have a foreign transaction, you can expect both fees to be added to your processing costs. Since Visa always charges a standard commission of 0.13%, you can count on an additional interchange commission of 1.38% (0.13% + 0.45% + 0.80%) without currency conversion. With conversions you will pay more than 1.78%. The acquirer sets an additional 0.20% to 4% depending on the type of business. Interchange plus With the Interchange-Plus tariff plan, you will pay ISA and IAF fees in addition to the standard exchange rate and any mark-up that your merchant account provider charges you for each transaction. Since Interchange-Plus rates are generally low, these fees can more than double the cost of processing a transaction. This method is most transparent in connecting acquiring, but in few places it is practiced. The customer buy the product for $ 100 (including tax). He pay with a Visa credit card in EUR. The cost of Interchange is 1.78% + $ 0.10 or $ 1.88. The provider transfers this cost to you, plus they charge a margin of for example, 0.20% + $ 0.10 per transaction. The total cost of receiving a credit card will be $ 2.18, or 2.18%. Multilevel tariff plans Your provider can change the transaction fee and type of your business. In addition, you must select the garbage collection when choosing a provider. Accordingly, the calculation example here is strictly individual for your type. Fixed rate You have the opportunity to receive a separate commission for international transactions. The best way to find out how your provider processes these types of payments is to familiarize yourself with your contract documents. Visa ISA should be set out in terms of the terms of your contract. Visa and Mastercard. Subscription / Membership This is a newer pricing system, but it is gaining popularity. This is similar to interchange-plus in that the wholesale cost of each transaction is charged separately from the mark-up. The difference is that you do not pay a percentage premium on transactions, but simply pay a small transaction fee. Then an extra margin will be charged as a fixed monthly fee. Especially for merchants with large transactions, this type of pricing can save a lot of money without reducing transparency. Banks act as an intermediary between the Bank Card Issuer and payment processing, for example, Visa/Mastercard, and this does not differ much from Acquire payment aggregators in pricing policies, but at the same time they have very limited opportunities to serve the needs of online businesses. Banks practice international transactions for acquiring Visa/Mastercard, thanks to which you do not need to conduct currency control, open foreign currency accounts and be present in foreign jurisdictions. Dynamic Currency Conversion But this scheme has a number of significant drawbacks, which nevertheless will inevitably return the Business to a presence in foreign jurisdictions. Restrictions on foreign operations or fear of foreign currency The Bank asked to justify the need for cross-border payments and give an honest forecast on their volume. The bank may limit the number of payments in foreign currency, for example, to no more than 10%. Bank of fear from incorrect forecasts on their volume. If the share of payment from abroad is higher than planned, the Bank raises the rate. This is due to the high cost of such payments and the actions of fraudsters who often use stolen data from foreign cardboards. Currency Risks and Restrictions on Currency Conversion Only local currency can be credited to the current account, therefore, the bank will convert the received money at the exchange rate. Foreign exchange risks are transferred to business — this option, as a rule, is not suitable. If the bank is not ready to write off money in other currencies, then the Business will have to set prices in local currency. Conversion will happen anyway, but buyers will pay for it, which will negatively affect the expected cost of debiting. This negatively affects the conversion of orders. Loss due to rate fluctuations can be 3–10% in both cases. Sophisticated regulatory integration Banks are not eager to work with startups and small businesses with low margins. Integration implies compliance with all regulatory requirements and classifications by type of business, if you received the High Risk classification, then your chances of connecting to trusted banks are limited. The High Risk classification is variable, and this or that line of Business can be either included or excluded by the Bank, in which case you will be blocked or switched to higher rates of alternative and possibly offshore Banks. Aggregators and online payment gateway are widely used as part of intermediation between banks, providing all kinds of services for receiving payments — the classic PSP. The trend is the spread of electronic currencies and payment methods, the transformation of payment systems into aggregators, so we will talk about PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc. Blocking and holding accounts Payment gateway that consolidate accounts rather than opening separate trading accounts are intermediaries and their clients face problems such as frequent holding and / or closing of accounts. Look at reviews on popular payment systems on almost any website on the Internet, and you will see unhappy sellers with closed accounts. Since the payment aggregator does not guarantee this for you. On the dark side of Banks The payment gateway  does not eliminate the registration of foreign companies and representative offices for withdrawing electronic currency to bank accounts, and here we also encounter regulatory requirements, currency risks and increased rates for foreign currency. Most trusted payment aggregators serve different classifications of Business and in the direction of “High Risk” — the status is applicable both to the country and to the type of activity, but trusted payment methods exclude such opportunities and you will be offered an alternative at a higher transaction rate with significant restrictions. Card fraud can empty you Business The total loss due to fraud can far exceed the cost of the fraudulent transaction itself. Since if we summarize Chargeback fees, expenses incurred in investigating and combating chargebacks, lost shipping costs, as well as other expenses, then in general you can get much greater losses than just the amount of a fraudulent order. The consequences of fraud can also lead to the loss of your trading account and the ability to accept credit and debit cards.Fraudulent transactions will inevitably lead to chargebacks, and too many chargebacks over time can cause your provider to close your trading account and most likely to do so without warning or transfer you to the “High Risk” category and You will pay high rates. Using a reliable service provider will not save you from fraudulent card transactions, so you should initially think about additional methods of anti-fraud protection. Mediation for convenience Acquiring suppliers provide payment method gateway services in the most popular areas: — Bank cards Visa, Mastercard, Discover, Amex, Mir, Union Pay etc. — Internet banking Acquiring a Bank depending on your regulatory area. — Mobile commerce Masterpass, Apple pay, Samsung Pay, Google Pay, etc. — Terminal Networks Replenishment and payment through offline points, shops, mobile communications, etc. — E-Wallets Paypal, Masterpass, Alipay, Wechat. Webmoney. Skrill, Neteller. Advcash, Payeer, Yandex money, Webmoney, Qiwi, Perfect money, Kviku, etc. Unfortunately, customer convenience in a variety of payment methods implies opening separate Business accounts for the merchant and passing regulatory requirements in each individual payment method. The advantage of a payment aggregator is the ability to manage all payment methods at one entry point, fulfilling the role of financial CRM, as well as relatively easy integration and turnkey solutions for CMS modules and PCI DSS compliance standards, antifraud, etc. Diversity provides convenience for the client, but brings problems at the final cost of the product / service, depending on the particular payment method, includes commissions of the mediator mediator, Payment Gateway, Acquirer Bank, Issuer card Bank, interchange, payment processing. Accepting payments using a digital cash, for example, such as Bitcoin, has become widespread online, but if you process payments in cryptocurrency without the appropriate knowledge, big losses are possible due to the high volatility of the exchange rate. You should think in advance how to fix profits when the rate drops. Bitcoin uses a fixed fee for any transaction volume. The merchant receives payments directly to his Bitcoin wallet without any obstacles, he does not need to verify the business, since cryptocurrency acceptance is considered as a P2P payment, and account creation in two clicks. This method is High Risk in terms of high exchange rate volatility and regulatory status of this type of payment for individual regions. send from his wallet in bitcoins to Merchant and pay the commission of the Bitcoin blockchain fee~ $ 5 for any transaction volume receives bitcoins on wallet and may lose on the difference in the exchange rates of his exchange and on the depreciation of the Bitcoin (Exchange wallet like Binance) can sell his Bitcoins on USD through intermediary services. Example of a commission of 1% ~ $ 20 for withdrawal from wallet and Exchange to the Bank Transfer Client Merchant Merchant : . You can send and receive Bitcoin anywhere in the world where there is access to the Internet Network. . The average transaction fee of any volume ranges from $ 1–3 and in some currencies almost free. When anonymity is important for services and for users, Bitcoin is the best solution for receiving and sending payments. . A transaction in the Bitcoin blockchain network cannot be stopped or returned. . On the Bitcoin network, thousands of transactions occur daily from a few dollars to a billion. . Due to the developed infrastructure of exchange points (online / offline) and market regulation in some countries, you can easily exchange and withdraw Bitcoin into cash or to a Card / Bank account anywhere in the world. Benefits of using Digital Cash Cross-Border Low fees Anonymity. Lack of chargebacks Lack of limits Liquidity of the exchange Protect Volatility Acquiring of Digital Cash send from his wallet in Bitcoins to Merchant and pay the commission of the Bitcoin blockchain fee~ $ 5 for any transaction volume automatically converts Bitcoin/USD at its own rate with a difference of ~ 1%- 2% to dollars, while protecting you from losses on exchange rate volatility can withdraw his USD through intermediary services. Example of a commission of 1% ~ $ 20 for withdrawal from wallet and Exchange to the Bank Transfer Client Acquiring Merchant Accept payments in the Digital Cash without taking risks due to high volatility. Acquirers are available on the market who offer a fixed-rate protection service at the time of payment. Bitcoin transaction goes to the acquirer. The acquirer exchanges cryptocurrencies for fiat, the business gets the opportunity to withdraw fiat to affordable methods. Current offers on the market will also oblige you to pass regulatory requirements like a traditional acquirer when verifying a Business. The big difference is the transparency of transaction processing without junk account maintenance fees. When choosing an acquirer, you need to consider at what cryptocurrency exchange rate you will be offered the average exchange rate at the time of payment. You can find providers of these services on the Web. I recommend Coingate, Bitpay and Plasmapay. Stablecoins Acquiring send from his wallet in Stablecoins to Merchant and pay the commission of the blockchain fee~ $ 5 for any transaction volume receives Stablecoin 1:1 USD on his wallet (Exchange wallet like Binance) can sell his Stablecoin on USD through intermediary services. Example of a commission of 1% ~ $ 20 for withdrawal to the Bank Transfer Client Merchant Merchant Stablecoins — a subspecies of the Digital Cash, which has a 1: 1 collateral for a fiat pair, for example, “Tether” (USDT) — is traded for a Bitcoin pair, which allows traders to take profits in fiat currency, and at the same time remain within the Digital Cash format. Stable currencies are the prototype of Bitcoin and retain its technological advantages and disadvantages. A business can accept and exchange payments to Bank accounts and payment systems on the same principle as accepting payments in Bitcoin. This payment format can hardly be called massive, since it has a number of difficulties due to the lack of traditional tools for maintaining an account like in a traditional payment system. Hybrid Acquiring of Card Processing X Stablecoins pay by Visa / Mastercard to Merchant pay commission to acquirer ~ 3.5% — **% automatically converts 1: 1 to Stablecoins. can withdraw currency by exchanging Stablecoins to Bank Transfer on average 1% ~ 20USD Client Merchant Acquirer Merchant This is a new type of payment acceptance. The acquirer allows you to use the functionality of the Digital Cash and can provide you with a traditional model of receiving funds through card processing and automatic conversion to a Stablecoins. Benefits Convert to Stablecoins — fully owned and controlled by you as much as you own and control private keys and passwords from accounts. Neither the payment system nor government systems can technically block your account or seize your digital assets. Stablecoins Your account and funds can be exported (transferred) to another payment system or electronic / cold wallet. Stablecoins integration allows you to embed an account in third-party systems, games and services, exchangers, exchanges, create accounts and process payments using stable currencies. Low commissions on wallet to wallet transfers using the example of are 0.01%. PlasmaPay This service defaults to 42 fiat currencies and automatically converts them into a Stablecoins when a Visa / Mastercard checkout is connected, with the function of further withdrawal to Swift / Sepa, Visa / Mastercard and through the p2p exchange system. — to wallet checkout will not require regulatory compliance, company and account requirements. The integration of card acquiring will require you to have a registered company and the classification of your business, but it does not require you to have a Bank account. Integration of wallet This type of payment is also convenient for the “High Risk” business. At the moment, the interest rate for processing is individual and is calculated according to a multi-level tariff plan without garbage charges of 3.5% and higher, depending on the volume and type of business. The project provides an open API and CMS modules for integration. Perhaps this solution is ideal for starting an international business in accessible service regions, but it may not be suitable for you.

Accepting International Payments in 2020: An Overview of Acquiring Aggregators

Maintaining the relevance and accuracy of data is the top task for e-commerce aggregator websites. If the aggregator fails to do this , its main advantage disappears – people use aggregators to find the most relevant information in one place. Web scraping techniques are the best way to ensure your aggregated data is up-to-date and accurate. To run scraping, you need specialized software, called a crawler. This bot visits the required websites, parses their data, and uploads this information to the aggregator website. The problem is that very often the owners of the websites you want to scrape are not happy about this. If their data is presented on an aggregator website along with information from competitors, there is no need for the end-user visit  this original website anymore. This  harms sales. So, for this very reason ,website owners try to block crawling bots, which is easily understandable. How websites block scraping bots The companies that operate e-commerce websites try to prevent crawlers from parsing their websites' data. This is usually done by blocking requests from such bots based on an IP. Crawling software often uses so-called data center IPs, which are easy to detect and block. Also, besides just blocking, website owners can trick bots by displaying fake and irrelevant information. For example, they can display prices that are higher or lower than reality, or altered goods descriptions. One of the most common examples of this is in the airplane ticket industry. Here airlines and travel agencies often try to trick aggregators and show them different data based on the aggregator’s IP. Let's look at a real use case by searching for an airplane ticket from Miami to London on a specific day. We've sent one request from an IP in Eastern Europe, with a second one sent through an IP in Asia. Here is the price for the request from the Eastern European-based IP: And here is the search result for the Asian IP: As you can see, the same ticket can display different prices. A difference of $76 is huge for just one ticket. Such situations are horrible for any aggregator website – if the aggregator displays the wrong information, there will be no reason to use it. Also, when the aggregator shows one price, if after clicking on it the user is forwarded to a website with a different price, this harms the project's reputation. The solution: residential proxies To avoid web scraping problems and blocks, you can use residential proxies. Datacenter IPs are assigned by hosting providers. It is not that hard to understand that the specific IP belongs to a particular provider. It can be done based on the ASN number, where this information is stored. There are a lot of tools for automated ASN analysis, which are often integrated with antibot systems. As a result, crawlers are easily detected and blocked, or tricked by fake data. Residential proxies can be helpful here. They use IP addresses assigned to regular users (homeowners) by their ISP. These addresses are marked in corresponding internet registries. If you use a residential proxy like , all requests sent from that particular IP will be indistinguishable from the ones submitted by regular users. In this case, no one tries to block or trick potential customers, especially in the area of e-commerce. Infatica As a result, using rotating proxy tool helps aggregators to ensure the accuracy and consistency of their data, while at the same time avoiding blocks and other problems.

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