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Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878, by Various, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . ASTRONOMICAL NOTES. here ASTRONOMICAL NOTES. BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT. Penn Yan, N. Y., Saturday, August 10, 1878. The following calculations are adapted to the latitude of New York city, and are expressed in true or clock time, being for the date given in the caption when not otherwise stated. PLANETS. H.M. H.M. Mercury sets 8 03 eve. Saturn rises 8 59 eve. Venus rises 2 42 mo. Saturn in meridian 2 58 mo. Jupiter in meridian 10 52 eve. Neptune rises 10 27 eve. FIRST MAGNITUDE STARS H.M. H.M. Alpheratz rises 6 54 eve. Regulus sets 7 29 eve. Algol (var.) rises 8 34 eve. Spica sets 9 24 eve. 7 stars (Pleiades) rise 10 53 eve. Arcturus sets 0 08 mo. Aldebaran rises 0 17 mo. Antares sets 11 24 eve. Capella rises 9 40 eve. Vega in meridian 9 15 eve. Rigel Rises 2 23 mo. Altair in meridian 10 27 eve. Betelgeuse rises 2 08 mo. Deneb in meridian 11 19 eve. Sirius rises 4 24 mo. Fomalhaut rises 9 34 eve. Procyon rises 3 59 mo. REMARKS Mercury is brightest this date, and furthest from the sun August 13. Venus will be at her descending node August 17. Jupiter will be near the moon August 17, 4h. 20m. morning, being the moon's apparent diameter north; this will be an occultation south of the equator. Saturn will be near the moon August 16, being about 7° south. There will be a partial eclipse of the moon August 16, in the evening. The moon will rise more or less eclipsed east of Kansas, west of which no eclipse will be visible. Middle. End. H.M. H.M. Boston 7 24 eve. 8 50 eve. New York 7 12 eve. 8 38 eve. Washington 7 00 eve. 8 26 eve. Charleston 6 48 eve. 8 14 eve. Chicago ———— 7 44 eve. St. Louis ———— 7 33 eve. New Orleans ———— 7 34 eve. The following shows the appearance of the moon when the eclipse is greatest -7·1 digits, or 0·596 of the moon's diameter. The size of the eclipse will be the same for all places. The time of middle and end for any other places may be obtained by applying the difference of longitude from Washington, converted into time, to the Washington time of middle and end, adding if east of Washington, and subtracting if west. An Interesting Astronomical Observation. To the Editor of the Scientific American: While viewing the planet Jupiter, at about 5 minutes past 10 o'clock P.M., a very strange sight presented itself to the observers, who were looking for a transit of one of the satellites. A very dark spot much larger than a satellite was seen on the eastern edge of the disk, as shown in the above diagram. It moved rapidly westward along the upper margin of the northern belt and passed off at 1 o'clock 24 minutes A.M. (12th). From its first internal contact till its last external contact was just 3h. 19m., Pittsburg time. It appeared to be a solid opaque body, truly spherical, very sharply defined, and most intensely black. The transit of the satellite occurred at 15 minutes after 11 o'clock, and had no unusual appearance. Now what was that dark body? We are constant observers of the heavenly bodies, though not deeply versed in the science of astronomy, and are anxious to know if any one can give us some light on the subject. The telescopes used were a 2½ inch and 5 inch achromatic, magnifying 154 and 216 diameters, but the 154 was chiefly used. was chiefly used. Joseph Wampler. James R. Gemmill. McKeesport, Pa., July 11, 1878. Some of Professor Marsh's Recent Discoveries. Mr. S. W. Williston, the assistant of Professor Marsh, has been giving to the Omaha some interesting facts with regard to the great reptilian fossils recently discovered in Wyoming and Colorado. The bones found represent reptiles of many sizes, from that of a cat up to one sixty feet high. The latter, found at Como, Wyoming, belonged to the crocodile order; but the remains give evidence that the animal stood up on its hind legs, like a kangaroo. Another found in Colorado is estimated by Professor Marsh to have been 100 feet long. A great many remains of the same general class, but belonging to different species, have been collected and sent East. Among them from three to four hundred specimens of the dinosaur, and about a thousand pterodactyls, have been shipped from Colorado, Wyoming, and Kansas. The wings of one of the latter were from thirty to forty feet from tip to tip. Seventeen different species of these flying dragons have been found in the chalk of western Kansas. There have also been found six species of toothed birds. Comparatively little has been done toward classifying the late finds, the task is such an enormous one. Great importance is attached to them, however, since nothing of the kind had been found in America until a little over a year ago and great stress had been laid by certain geologists on their absence. Another remarkable feature of the discovery was that the fossils which had been reported as not existing in this country had hardly been brought to light in one locality before thousands of tons of them were simultaneously discovered in half a dozen different places. Bee Trying to Save a Hundred and Fifty Million Dollars a Year. Professor Riley, recently appointed Government Entomologist and attached to the Agricultural Department, reports that specimens of insects injurious to agriculture are constantly being sent to the department from all parts of the country, with requests for information. In every instance, if a proper examination could be made, an effectual remedy could be found, and not less than $150,000,000 saved to the country annually. Recently a worm entirely new to science was sent to the department by an Iowa farmer, whose orchard of several thousand apple trees had been rendered unproductive for several years by the new depredator. For the interests of Western fruit growers this insect should immediately be investigated. Professor Riley asserts that the $5,000 recently voted by Congress for the investigation of the cotton worm, which has sometimes damaged the cotton crop of the South as much as $20,000,000 in a single fortnight, might have been used to better advantage by the department; the salary of the entomologist will use up all the money, leaving next to nothing for experiments for the eradication of the pest. Industrial Education. All are agreed that some education is necessary; but what? The great proportion of those having the direction of our educational system and facilities in charge still cling to a system which was established long before the first mechanical operation came into existence. Before the present system of man's relation to man, socially, industrially, politically, or commercially, was heard of, and notwithstanding the revolutions and advancement in all other things, there is a determined resistance to any attempt at revolution in what shall be considered education. There is an effort to establish compulsory education; but what is the child to be taught? As if in league with the false theories of the rights of labor, these efforts take the apprentices from the shops, force them away from where they would learn something, and confine them inside a school house to learn—what? Certainly nothing of the materials, or tools, or pursuits by which they are to obtain their livelihood. The child knows nothing of when or by whom the compass was discovered, the printing press, the use of powder, electricity, of steam, or of any one of the thousand mechanical operations now controlling every department of life. Does any school boy know how many kingdoms there are in the natural world, or whether an animal, a vegetable and a mineral all belong to the same or to different ones? Will he know that from instinct the young of animals seeks its food and expands its lungs, as by the same instinct the root of a seed sucks up its nourishment from the soil and sends its leaves up to breathe the air? Will he know anything of the nature or requirements of the soils or the plants that grow in them? Will this compulsory education teach the boy anything of the iron furnace, the foundry or rolling mill, or the uses or handling of any of their products? Will it teach him anything of woods and their value, or for what and how they are useful to man? Will this knowledge, for which the powers of the State are to be required to force him to know it—will it teach him anything of the nature or uses of metals, of metal working, or the business depending upon them? Will it teach him anything of gold or silver, copper or brass? Anything of pottery, of bone, ivory, celluloid, etc.? Will he learn anything of hides, leather, or the production of these necessary articles? Will he know whether the word textile applies to anything but a spider's web or the wing of a butterfly? Whether the United States make, import, or grow cotton, wool, silk, flax, and hemp? Will he know anything of commerce, railroads, telegraphs, printing, and the great number of clerk labors in the larger towns? Will he have learned a single thing which will assist him in his work of life? Will not every boy thus taken out of the shop and placed at the compulsory schooling find after he has mastered all it has to give him that he yet knows nothing; that he must then commence where he was and serve his apprenticeship; that instead of compulsory education his past years have been wasted in obtaining but a compulsory ignorance? About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Various (2013). Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX. No. 6. [New Series.], August 10, 1878. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/19406/pg19406-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

ASTRONOMICAL NOTES

After this long digression

The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . Chapter X here Chapter X In a few minutes the three hunters were before a crackling fire. The captain and the reporter were there. Pencroft looked from one to the other, his capybara in his hand, without saying a word. “Well, yes, my brave fellow,” cried the reporter. “Fire, real fire, which will roast this splendid pig perfectly, and we will have a feast presently!” “But who lighted it?” asked Pencroft. “The sun!” Gideon Spilett was quite right in his reply. It was the sun which had furnished the heat which so astonished Pencroft. The sailor could scarcely believe his eyes, and he was so amazed that he did not think of questioning the engineer. “Had you a burning-glass, sir?” asked Herbert of Harding. “No, my boy,” replied he, “but I made one.” And he showed the apparatus which served for a burning-glass. It was simply two glasses which he had taken from his own and the reporter’s watches. Having filled them with water and rendered their edges adhesive by means of a little clay, he thus fabricated a regular burning-glass, which, concentrating the solar rays on some very dry moss, soon caused it to blaze. The sailor considered the apparatus; then he gazed at the engineer without saying a word, only a look plainly expressed his opinion that if Cyrus Harding was not a magician, he was certainly no ordinary man. At last speech returned to him, and he cried,— “Note that, Mr. Spilett, note that down on your paper!” “It is noted,” replied the reporter. Then, Neb helping him, the seaman arranged the spit, and the capybara, properly cleaned, was soon roasting like a suckling-pig before a clear, crackling fire. The Chimneys had again become more habitable, not only because the passages were warmed by the fire, but because the partitions of wood and mud had been re-established. It was evident that the engineer and his companions had employed their day well. Cyrus Harding had almost entirely recovered his strength, and had proved it by climbing to the upper plateau. From this point his eye, accustomed to estimate heights and distances, was fixed for a long time on the cone, the summit of which he wished to reach the next day. The mountain, situated about six miles to the northwest, appeared to him to measure 3,500 feet above the level of the sea. Consequently the gaze of an observer posted on its summit would extend over a radius of at least fifty miles. Therefore it was probable that Harding could easily solve the question of “island or continent,” to which he attached so much importance. They supped capitally. The flesh of the capybara was declared excellent. The sargassum and the almonds of the stone-pine completed the repast, during which the engineer spoke little. He was preoccupied with projects for the next day. Once or twice Pencroft gave forth some ideas upon what it would be best to do; but Cyrus Harding, who was evidently of a methodical mind, only shook his head without uttering a word. “To-morrow,” he repeated, “we shall know what we have to depend upon, and we will act accordingly.” The meal ended, fresh armfuls of wood were thrown on the fire, and the inhabitants of the Chimneys, including the faithful Top, were soon buried in a deep sleep. No incident disturbed this peaceful night, and the next day, the 29th of March, fresh and active they awoke, ready to undertake the excursion which must determine their fate. All was ready for the start. The remains of the capybara would be enough to sustain Harding and his companions for at least twenty-four hours. Besides, they hoped to find more food on the way. As the glasses had been returned to the watches of the engineer and reporter, Pencroft burned a little linen to serve as tinder. As to flint, that would not be wanting in these regions of Plutonic origin. It was half-past seven in the morning when the explorers, armed with sticks, left the Chimneys. Following Pencroft’s advice, it appeared best to take the road already traversed through the forest, and to return by another route. It was also the most direct way to reach the mountain. They turned the south angle and followed the left bank of the river, which was abandoned at the point where it formed an elbow towards the southwest. The path, already trodden under the evergreen trees, was found, and at nine o’clock Cyrus Harding and his companions had reached the western border of the forest. The ground, till then, very little undulated, boggy at first, dry and sandy afterwards, had a gentle slope, which ascended from the shore towards the interior of the country. A few very timid animals were seen under the forest-trees. Top quickly started them, but his master soon called him back, for the time had not come to commence hunting; that would be attended to later. The engineer was not a man who would allow himself to be diverted from his fixed idea. It might even have been said that he did not observe the country at all, either in its configuration or in its natural productions, his great aim being to climb the mountain before him, and therefore straight towards it he went. At ten o’clock a halt of a few minutes was made. On leaving the forest, the mountain system of the country appeared before the explorers. The mountain was composed of two cones; the first, truncated at a height of about two thousand five hundred feet, was sustained by buttresses, which appeared to branch out like the talons of an immense claw set on the ground. Between these were narrow valleys, bristling with trees, the last clumps of which rose to the top of the lowest cone. There appeared to be less vegetation on that side of the mountain which was exposed to the northeast, and deep fissures could be seen which, no doubt, were watercourses. On the first cone rested a second, slightly rounded, and placed a little on one side, like a great round hat cocked over the ear. A Scotchman would have said, “His bonnet was a thocht ajee.” It appeared formed of bare earth, here and there pierced by reddish rocks. They wished to reach the second cone, and proceeding along the ridge of the spurs seemed to be the best way by which to gain it. “We are on volcanic ground,” Cyrus Harding had said, and his companions following him began to ascend by degrees on the back of a spur, which, by a winding and consequently more accessible path, joined the first plateau. The ground had evidently been convulsed by subterranean force. Here and there stray blocks, numerous debris of basalt and pumice-stone, were met with. In isolated groups rose fir-trees, which, some hundred feet lower, at the bottom of the narrow gorges, formed massive shades almost impenetrable to the sun’s rays. During the first part of the ascent, Herbert remarked on the footprints which indicated the recent passage of large animals. “Perhaps these beasts will not let us pass by willingly,” said Pencroft. “Well,” replied the reporter, who had already hunted the tiger in India, and the lion in Africa, “we shall soon learn how successfully to encounter them. But in the meantime we must be upon our guard!” They ascended but slowly. The distance, increased by detours and obstacles which could not be surmounted directly, was long. Sometimes, too, the ground suddenly fell, and they found themselves on the edge of a deep chasm which they had to go round. Thus, in retracing their steps so as to find some practicable path, much time was employed and fatigue undergone for nothing. At twelve o’clock, when the small band of adventurers halted for breakfast at the foot of a large group of firs, near a little stream which fell in cascades, they found themselves still half way from the first plateau, which most probably they would not reach till nightfall. From this point the view of the sea was much extended, but on the right the high promontory prevented their seeing whether there was land beyond it. On the left, the sight extended several miles to the north; but, on the northwest, at the point occupied by the explorers, it was cut short by the ridge of a fantastically-shaped spur, which formed a powerful support of the central cone. At one o’clock the ascent was continued. They slanted more towards the southwest and again entered among thick bushes. There under the shade of the trees fluttered several couples of gallinaceae belonging to the pheasant species. They were tragopans, ornamented by a pendant skin which hangs over their throats, and by two small, round horns, planted behind the eyes. Among these birds, which were about the size of a fowl, the female was uniformly brown, while the male was gorgeous in his red plumage, decorated with white spots. Gideon Spilett, with a stone cleverly and vigorously thrown, killed one of these tragopans, on which Pencroft, made hungry by the fresh air, had cast greedy eyes. After leaving the region of bushes, the party, assisted by resting on each other’s shoulders, climbed for about a hundred feet up a steep acclivity and reached a level place, with very few trees, where the soil appeared volcanic. It was necessary to ascend by zigzags to make the slope more easy, for it was very steep, and the footing being exceedingly precarious required the greatest caution. Neb and Herbert took the lead, Pencroft the rear, the captain and the reporter between them. The animals which frequented these heights—and there were numerous traces of them—must necessarily belong to those races of sure foot and supple spine, chamois or goat. Several were seen, but this was not the name Pencroft gave them, for all of a sudden—“Sheep!” he shouted. All stopped about fifty feet from half-a-dozen animals of a large size, with strong horns bent back and flattened towards the point, with a woolly fleece, hidden under long silky hair of a tawny color. They were not ordinary sheep, but a species usually found in the mountainous regions of the temperate zone, to which Herbert gave the name of the musmon. “Have they legs and chops?” asked the sailor. “Yes,” replied Herbert. “Well, then, they are sheep!” said Pencroft. The animals, motionless among the blocks of basalt, gazed with an astonished eye, as if they saw human bipeds for the first time. Then their fears suddenly aroused, they disappeared, bounding over the rocks. “Good-bye, till we meet again,” cried Pencroft, as he watched them, in such a comical tone that Cyrus Harding, Gideon Spilett, Herbert, and Neb could not help laughing. The ascent was continued. Here and there were traces of lava. Sulphur springs sometimes stopped their way, and they had to go round them. In some places the sulphur had formed crystals among other substances, such as whitish cinders made of an infinity of little feldspar crystals. In approaching the first plateau formed by the truncating of the lower cone, the difficulties of the ascent were very great. Towards four o’clock the extreme zone of the trees had been passed. There only remained here and there a few twisted, stunted pines, which must have had a hard life in resisting at this altitude the high winds from the open sea. Happily for the engineer and his companions the weather was beautiful, the atmosphere tranquil; for a high breeze at an elevation of three thousand feet would have hindered their proceedings. The purity of the sky at the zenith was felt through the transparent air. A perfect calm reigned around them. They could not see the sun, then hid by the vast screen of the upper cone, which masked the half-horizon of the west, and whose enormous shadow stretching to the shore increased as the radiant luminary sank in its diurnal course. Vapor—mist rather than clouds—began to appear in the east, and assume all the prismatic colors under the influence of the solar rays. Five hundred feet only separated the explorers from the plateau, which they wished to reach so as to establish there an encampment for the night, but these five hundred feet were increased to more than two miles by the zigzags which they had to describe. The soil, as it were, slid under their feet. The slope often presented such an angle that they slipped when the stones worn by the air did not give a sufficient support. Evening came on by degrees, and it was almost night when Cyrus Harding and his companions, much fatigued by an ascent of seven hours, arrived at the plateau of the first cone. It was then necessary to prepare an encampment, and to restore their strength by eating first and sleeping afterwards. This second stage of the mountain rose on a base of rocks, among which it would be easy to find a retreat. Fuel was not abundant. However, a fire could be made by means of the moss and dry brushwood, which covered certain parts of the plateau. While the sailor was preparing his hearth with stones which he put to this use, Neb and Herbert occupied themselves with getting a supply of fuel. They soon returned with a load of brushwood. The steel was struck, the burnt linen caught the sparks of flint, and, under Neb’s breath, a crackling fire showed itself in a few minutes under the shelter of the rocks. Their object in lighting a fire was only to enable them to withstand the cold temperature of the night, as it was not employed in cooking the bird, which Neb kept for the next day. The remains of the capybara and some dozens of the stone-pine almonds formed their supper. It was not half-past six when all was finished. Cyrus Harding then thought of exploring in the half-light the large circular layer which supported the upper cone of the mountain. Before taking any rest, he wished to know if it was possible to get round the base of the cone in the case of its sides being too steep and its summit being inaccessible. This question preoccupied him, for it was possible that from the way the hat inclined, that is to say, towards the north, the plateau was not practicable. Also, if the summit of the mountain could not be reached on one side, and if, on the other, they could not get round the base of the cone, it would be impossible to survey the western part of the country, and their object in making the ascent would in part be altogether unattained. The engineer, accordingly, regardless of fatigue, leaving Pencroft and Neb to arrange the beds, and Gideon Spilett to note the incidents of the day, began to follow the edge of the plateau, going towards the north. Herbert accompanied him. The night was beautiful and still, the darkness was not yet deep. Cyrus Harding and the boy walked near each other, without speaking. In some places the plateau opened before them, and they passed without hindrance. In others, obstructed by rocks, there was only a narrow path, in which two persons could not walk abreast. After a walk of twenty minutes, Cyrus Harding and Herbert were obliged to stop. From this point the slope of the two cones became one. No shoulder here separated the two parts of the mountain. The slope, being inclined almost seventy degrees, the path became impracticable. But if the engineer and the boy were obliged to give up thoughts of following a circular direction, in return an opportunity was given for ascending the cone. In fact, before them opened a deep hollow. It was the rugged mouth of the crater, by which the eruptive liquid matter had escaped at the periods when the volcano was still in activity. Hardened lava and crusted scoria formed a sort of natural staircase of large steps, which would greatly facilitate the ascent to the summit of the mountain. Harding took all this in at a glance, and without hesitating, followed by the lad, he entered the enormous chasm in the midst of an increasing obscurity. There was still a height of a thousand feet to overcome. Would the interior acclivities of the crater be practicable? It would soon be seen. The persevering engineer resolved to continue his ascent until he was stopped. Happily these acclivities wound up the interior of the volcano and favored their ascent. As to the volcano itself, it could not be doubted that it was completely extinct. No smoke escaped from its sides; not a flame could be seen in the dark hollows; not a roar, not a mutter, no trembling even issued from this black well, which perhaps reached far into the bowels of the earth. The atmosphere inside the crater was filled with no sulphurous vapor. It was more than the sleep of a volcano; it was its complete extinction. Cyrus Harding’s attempt would succeed. Little by little, Herbert and he climbing up the sides of the interior, saw the crater widen above their heads. The radius of this circular portion of the sky, framed by the edge of the cone, increased obviously. At each step, as it were, that the explorers made, fresh stars entered the field of their vision. The magnificent constellations of the southern sky shone resplendently. At the zenith glittered the splendid Antares in the Scorpion, and not far was Alpha Centauri, which is believed to be the nearest star to the terrestrial globe. Then, as the crater widened, appeared Fomalhaut of the Fish, the Southern Triangle, and lastly, nearly at the Antarctic Pole, the glittering Southern Cross, which replaces the Polar Star of the Northern Hemisphere. It was nearly eight o’clock when Cyrus Harding and Herbert set foot on the highest ridge of the mountain at the summit of the cone. It was then perfectly dark, and their gaze could not extend over a radius of two miles. Did the sea surround this unknown land, or was it connected in the west with some continent of the Pacific? It could not yet be made out. Towards the west, a cloudy belt, clearly visible at the horizon, increased the gloom, and the eye could not discover if the sky and water were blended together in the same circular line. But at one point of the horizon a vague light suddenly appeared, which descended slowly in proportion as the cloud mounted to the zenith. It was the slender crescent moon, already almost disappearing; but its light was sufficient to show clearly the horizontal line, then detached from the cloud, and the engineer could see its reflection trembling for an instant on a liquid surface. Cyrus Harding seized the lad’s hand, and in a grave voice,— “An island!” said he, at the moment when the lunar crescent disappeared beneath the waves. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Jules Verne (1998). The Mysterious Island. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1268/1268-h/1268-h.htm This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

The three hunters were before a crackling fire

Inside Earth: The Journey of Conru

229 Stories To Learn About Economics

Let's learn about via these 54 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Ceo /Learn Repo 1. The Ten Most Impressive One Person Companies Aleksandr Volodarsky discusses 1-person companies. 2. Women in Web3: Tracy Leparulo, Founder & CEO of Untraceable Tracy Leparulo's insights into marketing blockchain and crypto companies through her startup, Untraceable and her experience as a woman in the crypto space. 3. "My first career was a horrible fit for me personality-wise" - An Interview With CEO, Saeid Fard Learn how Dimensional CEO Saeid Fard turned his career around from finance consulting to tech startups. 4. How To Lead Your Business Strategically The capacity of a leader to envision, plan, direct, and get the most out of the resources at hand effectively is known as strategic leadership. 5. Save API Costs With Data-Centric Security APIs are quickly becoming the front door to modern enterprises. But the API paradigm also comes with various hidden costs around development, management, etc. 6. Breaking The Loop Of Trust While Dealing With Real-World-Data Between The Patients And Researchers In this interview, we spoke to the company’s Co-CEO and Co-Founder, Ashwin Rathod about its innovation. 7. Digital Assets Have Outperformed a Majority of Asset Classes - Marco Mottana A study by the Cambridge Center for Alternative Finance recently revealed that there are over 100 million crypto participants worldwide. This revelation is indicative of the crypto market’s growing attractiveness to investors interested in taking advantage of the inflation hedging capacity of Bitcoin and the profitability of DeFi tokens. The digital asset market has established itself as one of the best performing asset classes in 2020. And for this reason, I expect more investors to flock into the space. 8. How Not to Give up Studying, and How to Make Any Training Effective The first question you should ask yourself when buying a course or signing up for a webinar is "Why do I need it?" 9. Deglorifying CEOs Bright CEOs belong in the past. Web3 is talent-centric and doesn't need a "charismatic leader" to become successful. Well, are we right, or are we right? 10. "Airports Deserve Better" - George Richardson, AeroCloud CEO Startup Interview with George Richardson, AeroCloud CEO. 11. 3 Ways To Reach the C-Suite You can find your way to success from an entry-level to an executive-leadership position. You just have to take the route that compliments your attributes best 12. Sharing Is Caring: How to Combat Cybersecurity It’s hard for CEOs to manage the growing threat of cybersecurity across their businesses, especially considering more pressing company concerns. That’s why some forward-thinking business leaders are establishing frameworks for shared cybersecurity responsibility. In the article, Tamas Kadar, Founder and Chief Executive Officer at SEON talks about the operational benefits of adopting this approach. 13. “We Are Cutting Off The Middleman” - Brickken Co-Founder and CEO Edwin Mata Navarro on Tokenization In a recent interview with an AIBC reporter Jean Michel Azzopardi, Edwin stated that Brickken’s goal is to cut off the middleman and open up access to liquidity 14. "Supply chain financing enables businesses not only to survive but also to grow" - Eugene Tan Supply chain finance is one of the concepts countering conflicting interests arising from buyers’ traits of extending their payment terms and suppliers’ desire to receive payment instantly. This model mitigates the risks involved in the financing of the increasingly digitized global supply chains by enabling adequate working capital and providing the appropriate liquidity. As such, a supplier, with approved invoices, can receive the full amount owed by sourcing for funds from financial institutions. In turn, the financiers can provide extensions on the payables depending on the credit-worthiness of the buyer in question. 15. The 10 Most Inspirational Quotes by Miki Agrawal Miki Agrawal shares her most thoughtful and inspirational quotes about life, entrepreneurship, technology, and not letting the haters win. 16. An Interview with John Speigner: Decentralisation Implies Inherent Security I had the opportunity of interviewing Coin.Space’s CEO and founder, John Speigner. During the interview session, Jonathan discussed the challenges of leading the charge in the crypto security sector, among other things. Jonathan Speigner, has built Coin Wallet from the ground up and immensely contributed to the crypto mainstream narrative at large. Below is an excerpt from the enlightening conversation I had with the security expert. 17. The Intricacies of Crypto Mining: An Interview with Vladimir Shutemov The cluster of block reward halving of three major crypto networks in the second quarter of 2020 has led some to speculate on the prospect of the crypto mining market. 18. "Decentralization is slowly becoming a priority", says Pando Browser's CEO We had a chance to talk to Pando Browser's CEO to get answers to burning topics relating to Pando's ecosystem, like the security risks of traditional browsers. 19. 5 Rising Women Leaders To Watch in Tech In the tech world, these women offer representation in emerging markets and pave the way for a more diverse tech industry. 20. How William the Conquerer Invented Humility Following is the never-before published introduction for The Humility Imperative, releasing June 30th, 2020. 21. Startup CEOs: Here’s Good News You Can Include in Your 2020 Board Deck As you prepare for your board meetings, you might be struggling to find some good news to share with the board. Sure, it’s a mistake to go into a board meeting pretending everything is going well — board meetings are a valuable opportunity to share your startup’s challenges and get guidance from a panel of trusted advisors. 22. "The Correlation Between The Dollar And Bitcoin Has Been Inversely Proportional" - Nikita Soshnikov The crypto market now has a market capitalization of over $1.5 trillion. 23. Meet the Writer: HackerNoon Contributor Zaheer Dodhia, CEO and Brand Hacker Let's make the business world beautiful with brand designs. 24. Everything You Need to Know About This Year's World Economic Forum Mario Nawfal goes over the World Economic Forum. 25. Dmitry Mishunin: Building the Standard of DeFi Security I am Dmitry Mishunin, and for the last 5 years, I’ve been the CEO of HashEx – a tier-1 security and intelligence operation for DeFi. 26. Top 5 Ways CEOs Can Integrate the Metaverse Into an Executive Lifestyle The CEO Metaverse Luxury Lifestyle is here. These 5 tips will help c-suite executives integrate exclusive aspects of meta-gaming, DAOs, and Web3. 27. 11 Lessons I Learned as a Tech Founder I’ve been a full-time founder for almost a year but have been into startup culture for most of my professional career as a software engineer (~4 years). 28. "I See DeFi as The Future of Finance" — Dohyun Pak, CEO and Co-founder of Bifrost This is an interview with the CEO and co-founder of Bifrost, which will attempt to create a decentralized infrastructure that connects the fragmented markets. 29. "As A Silicon Valley Company We Are Always Tempted to Go Fast And Break Things" - Brian Kerr In an era where yield farming has become one of the most profitable activities within the crypto realm, it is no surprise that the success of the landscape hinges on the advancements registered in the DeFi ecosystem. 30. Top 5 Entrepreneurs & CEOs That I Don't Admire and Top 5 That I Do Worshiping mainstream idols just ain’t my thing. That's why I’m going to start by cutting through everybody’s top five choices like a knife through butter. 31. How a Changing World Turned an Agency Leader into an Executive Coach It’s an understatement to say that the world is facing never-before-seen problems. But never-before-seen problems have, and always will be, met with innovative solutions. Those solutions may come from startups, they may come from established companies, but regardless, the leaders of those companies no longer have to navigate this new landscape alone. 32. "Any Industrial Revolutions Must Come With a Technology Transformation" - The Professor The way people wager is changing rapidly, thanks to advancements in technology. Gamblers are continually being introduced to new ways of gambling, and betting companies are locked in this fierce battle of trying to stay ahead of the curve. 33. "Crypto Is Very Much An Attention Economy" - Brian Kerr Decentralized finance is slowly transitioning from a mere buzzword to being a major contributor to the crypto economy. The development outputs of the sector and its growing appeal in the investment landscape has culminated into financial successes for a long list of protocols and systems relying on decentralized governance models to deliver financial services. 34. Interview With Bryan Seiler on Greedy Banks, turning $150 Into Millions and More Every crypto practitioner has a unique narrative that has brought him or her face-to-face with the realities of the true innovative power of crypto technology. Perhaps, this notion is the reason why the crypto community has stood by the viability of cryptocurrency all through its trying times. As such, the crypto space has evolved into a network of mavericks who are not only tech-savvy but have learned to appreciate and nurture the business side of the crypto economy. 35. "I Believe That Crypto Will Eventually Replace Current Monetary Infrastructures" - Yuri Nesterov During the chaos caused by the global pandemic, P2P, or peer-to-peer, transformed into a growing worldwide movement can no longer be left in shadow. Some experts even regard it as a way to save the global economy from an all-embracive post-pandemic crash. P2P already proved to be advantageous against a traditional exchange model in a number of ways – not least because it allows higher inclusion and can freely function even in countries that do not define cryptocurrency under their jurisdictions. Take an example of India – it is about to embark on the biggest bull rally of all time, and P2P exchanges are the engine behind it. Besides, P2P may be a lifeline for SMEs hit by the economic crash most severely – in conditions where they do not qualify for the bank credit support, P2P may become the only way to bail out. 36. "If Bitcoin Becomes Compliant Tomorrow, All Reservations Against It Will Disappear" - Max Krupyshev With cryptocurrency reaching a fever peak as to even get accepted for tax payments, Bitcoin and other digital currencies gain traction in both public and private spheres. 37. "We need simple interfaces that democratize DeFi" - Mehdi Radi With over $16 billion worth of assets locked in the market, the buzz surrounding the yield generating protocols of this ecosystem has brought about new growth dynamics to the already star-studded crypto industry. 38. "Cryptocurrency is Becoming so Widespread, That it is Better Not to Shy Away From it" - Andreas Berg With cryptocurrency becoming a new investor frenzy on the face of a rapidly inflating global economy, it once again proves the importance of alternative investment instruments in the times of a crisis. 39. "The Present Financial System Will be Replaced by DeFi" - Umar Farooq With DeFi trend steadily gaining momentum across the world, 2020 has been deservedly proclaimed as the year of “DeFi Renaissance”. Indeed, no other technological innovation shook up the world to the same extent as decentralized financial technology did earlier this year. Even in the face of such a major ground-shaking event as Covid-19, not only DeFi stood up to its position, but also magnified in value to an extent hardly envisaged half a year ago. The TVL index accurately reflects it – compared to the start of this year with $80 million, the total value has now augmented to the transcendental value of $11 billion. 40. Lessons I Learnt From Becoming a CEO As someone who’s been the CEO for years, I think I might be of some help here. Over these years, I saw hundreds of things not working out the way I initially planned but, knowing that I was in the middle of a process kept me going. 41. Why My New Book is a Failed Attempt at Something I Can’t Put My Finger On On June 30th, 2020 my new book, The Humility Imperative — Effective Leadership in an Era of Arrogance — will be released. 42. How is Finance and Investment Changing? — An Interview with the CEO of Antares Due to several factors, the financial and investment landscape is currently undergoing a significant shift. Chief among them is the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic that subsequently forced nations to lock down their economies. 43. "Centralized service providers theoretically can end their products" - Masato Kakamu The sheer number of professionals and artisans opting for more flexible working and sharing models aided by significant advancements in communication and transaction-based technologies have surged in recent years. 44. Interview with Steven Parker, Former General Manager of Visa Despite the Covid-19 pandemic unsettling different faces of our lives, this year has been fantastic for cryptocurrencies. It could be argued most institutions finally embraced Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, given the number of institutional investors that got into the market. Also, people got to see first-hand why cryptocurrencies could be key for survival, especially when human contact and the use of paper notes were prohibited. 45. "Decentralized Protocols Disintermediate Misaligned Agencies" - Melanie Mohr [Interview] The Decentralized economy based on permissionless protocols is swiftly growing as more people in the world embrace the idea of P2P ecosystems. 46.  "IEO Will Continue to be Mainstream Even With IDO And DeFi on The Rise" - Kiana Shek The current push for DeFi has not only changed the way we engage with our everyday financial needs but has also introduced new means of accessing, supporting, and investing in new projects. Tagged as Initial DEX Offerings (IDO), the possibility of bypassing restrictions when identifying and investing in projects has improved crypto funding. However, this does not mean that other models of crowdfunding have become redundant. For what is worth, Initial Exchange Offering (IEO) is still the go-to option for projects that prefer to capitalize on established launchpads and introduce a more diverse array of crypto products not necessarily restricted to the financial sector. 47. Empowering Creators with Tealfeed Co-founder Sourabh Kaushik In this slogging AMA, we were joined by Tealfeed Cofounder Sourabh Kaushik, we discuss everything Tealfeed, including future ambitions for the platform. 48. You Owe Your Team Prompt Layoffs and a New Plan Right now, the start-up community is facing upheaval. Although shelter-in-place rules tend to affect some companies more than others and hopefully will be limited to the short-term, all of us will be in uncharted territory for the rest of the year, as we navigate chaotic capital markets and a possible recession. 49. "All DeFi Applications Are Shooting For The Sky But no One is Wearing a Parachute" - Allan Henders There is a lot to take away from the price performance of the digital asset market in 2020. One of such is that the concept of bitcoin halving, as expected, is a major contributing factor to the success of the bitcoin market and has eventually delivered the level of price swings projected during the pre-halving days. Another is that DeFi is perhaps the most potent application of cryptocurrency technology, which makes it the most plausible instigator of the next wave of growth. In the months following the global market crash, the DeFi landscape has attracted around $14 billion worth of capital. Why is this so? 50. "The Idea Behind Digital Сurrencies is to Reduce Total Control Over Money Markets" - Dmitry Filyaev The crypto market has evolved significantly since Bitcoin’s whitepaper was conceived 12 years ago, shortly after the U.S Financial Crisis which devastated the global economy. Today, this space enjoys a cool $400 billion in market capitalization with Bitcoin taking the lion share at a 62.4% dominance. Unlike like in the past where Bitcoin was the main narrative, dynamics are now shifting as crypto innovators pivot towards decentralized products and ecosystems. 51. "Traditional industries will die under their own pressure." - Byung-Hung Lee, CEO of LCMS COIN "Traditional industries will die under their own pressure. This day is not long to come." 52. "DeFi Space Welcomes Anyone, From Anywhere" - Victor Larionov Entering the decentralized finance space can often seem daunting. With the help of companies such as Priority Token, that process becomes a lot smoother. Existing technology companies can reach out to a growing network of highly qualified investors. 53. "Blockchain Technologies Provide a Solution For Almost Every industry" -  Charles Allen There are several narratives identified as the propelling factors for the increasing demand for crypto assets. However, the most potent is the “store of value” narrative that has established crypto, most especially bitcoin, as the go-to-asset for investors looking to hedge against inflation. This sentiment trails what experts term as a critical period in human history borne by an unrelenting health crisis and a myriad of flawed economic policies designed to suppress its impact. According to a report by the Economic Policy Institute, over 17 million Americans will permanently lose their jobs because of the coronavirus pandemic. 54. Putting Value back in the Data Economy with Pool Data CEO Shiv Malik In this slogging AMA, we host the CEO of Pool Data, Shiv Malik. Shiv walks us through Pool Data and how it supports data unions. Thank you for checking out the 54 most read stories about Ceo on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

54 Stories To Learn About Ceo

THE STARRY HEAVENS

Quality over quantity. That seems to be the golden rule when running a business and producing products that will be put into the hands of consumers. But in the case of the video game crash of 1983, the concept of putting out low quality products was so widespread that it led to the entire gaming industry almost collapsing. When you’ve got a deadline to meet, and money has been spent on a product in terms of marketing, research and development, and overhead costs necessary to keep the business afloat, it’s easy to try and cut corners. The problem with cutting corners is that it often leads to a much lower quality product in the long run. Low quality products damage consumer trust in your company, your products, and your brands. Subsequently, this would drive consumers from you to your competitors, which in most cases just lowers a company’s revenue for the year. In the 1980s, the video game industry had almost put the final nail in its own coffin, and if it wasn’t for Nintendo coming out with an innovative solution, the gaming industry as we know it wouldn’t have survived the video game crash of 1983. 1: Before The Video Game Crash
2: Lead Up To The Video Game Crash
3: Video Game Crash of 1983
4: Final Thoughts Table of Contents: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gn-rQrFKK0&embedable=true Before The Video Game Crash Gaming was extremely popular in the late 1970s and 1980s. Arcade games were a favorite pastime of young and teenage children across America. It was common to see kids dropped off at arcade centers after school or on the weekends with a pocket full of quarters for an afternoon full of arcade fun. As gaming grew in popularity, home consoles started to release, that would allow gamers to play at home instead of having to drive out to the arcade every time they wanted to play Pac-Man. Millions and millions of dollars were being made in gaming and it seemed like everyone wanted a piece of the pie. The popularity of gaming was so high that companies that were involved in industries that had nothing to do with gaming, such as Quaker oats started investing in games and console development. And that attention is a large part of what led up to the industry as a whole crashing. The video game crash of 1983 actually looked rather similar to the streaming wars that are taking place today. Every company wanted to have their own platform to try and generate as much revenue as possible. Companies back then wanted as much profit as they could generate off of gaming, so multiple companies started developing and releasing their own gaming consoles.  The Mattel Aquarius, the Videopac+ G7400, and Super Cassette Vision were just a few of the consoles on the market. There were also a plethora of developers and development teams releasing games for these different consoles on the market. Releasing licensed movie tie-in games was especially popular and lucrative in the industry because children loved going to the movies and seeing their favorite characters on the big screen. So being able to come home, or go to the arcade and continue their adventures was heavily marketed to children and their parents. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kv7DJrLAZus&embedable=true The problem with there being so many consoles and so many games is that quality began to take a nosedive. Companies started to believe that consumers would buy anything that had a big name attached to it, and that the quality of the product didn’t matter so long as it sold. Back in the 80s the internet wasn’t widespread in the way that it is today. Online review outlets for video games and gaming consoles were years away. The only ways to find out whether a game, or a console were worth the money were to either buy them and play them yourself, or rely on word of mouth. Eventually word of mouth turned sour, and that led directly into the video game crash of 1983. Lead Up To The Video Game Crash In the early 1980s the United States was undergoing an economic recession, which meant that there was less money to go around, especially when it came to leisure activities. As an end result, consumers were more conscious about what they were spending their money on, and how much money they were spending. More conservative spending caused a problem for gaming publishers and console makers that had invested tens of millions of dollars into games and consoles but weren’t seeing the return on their profits that they were hoping for. The solution offered was to spend less time and resources on games and essentially just put them out onto the market. Because the games were released on a shoestring budget, it’d be easy to make a profit if companies could get consumers to buy, which is why licensed tie-in games were so popular. But eventually word of mouth started catching up to publishers, because people started talking about how poor quality the games being released were. One of the most infamous examples is Atari’s E.T. The Extra Terrestrial movie tie-in that was developed in only 6 weeks to be released alongside the film. Once consumers started seeing that the games being released weren’t worth the money they’d cost to buy, consumer spending shifted from home consoles and arcades to home computers. Computers were expensive, just like consoles were, but computers were more versatile, because they could play games, but they could also be used for work, so they were a more worthwhile expenditure. The funds that used to be spent on gaming being diverted to other products led to the video game crash of 1983. Video Game Crash of 1983 Nintendo was founded in Japan and had been making video games since the 1970s. Its first console didn’t release until 1985 when the NES, a cartridge based game console, hit store shelves. The impact of the NES was felt immediately because of the way that Nintendo ran an extremely tight ship when it came to the games being released on their console. Unlike what console makers had been doing previously, Nintendo only allowed developers that were specifically licensed and had been given permission to develop and release games for the NES. To ensure that this standard was met, Nintendo developed a control chip that would talk to the NES and authenticate the game trying to be played. If that chip wasn’t present or it didn’t pass authentication, the game wouldn’t run. And Nintendo only gave out the control chips to licensed developers, so no one but developers that were handpicked could release games on the NES.
This licensing strategy led to fewer games being released for the NES than its other console counterparts at the time, but it also led to a higher quality of games, and record breaking revenues with the NES selling over 60 million units. Final Thoughts Quality over quantity. A concept that sounds so simple, but when money is involved, things get a little more complicated. It’s easy to look back at the video game crash of 1983 and ask ourselves “how did companies not see they were making mistakes?” And maybe they should have noticed. But hindsight is 2020, we learn from the past and make an effort to not make its mistakes again in the future. Thankfully in this case, the mistakes of the past didn’t lead to the death of the gaming industry, but its salvation through Nintendo and its console development that continues to innovate and set industry standards to this day.

The Video Game Crash of 1983: How Nintendo Saved the Industry

1983 সালের ভিডিও গেম ক্র্যাশ: নিন্টেন্ডো কীভাবে শিল্পকে বাঁচিয়েছে

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