An envelope. It indicates the ability to send an email. An curved arrow pointing right. The wife of a Republican congressman opposing Rep. Jim Jordan's candidacy for speaker of the House received ...

Anonymous numbers texted the wife of a GOP congressman, pressuring him to vote for Jim Jordan as speaker

We sometimes use affiliate links in our content, when clicking on those we might receive a commission - at no extra cost to you. By using this website you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are only as ...

8 Best Anonymous Crypto Wallets with No KYC 2023

Did you know you can get paid to watch ads? That's right, you can actually grow your money by doing what you most likely end up doing on a daily basis anyway! Just remember that watching ads won't replace your day job or buy you a new car. However, they ...

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The wife of Rep. Don Bacon (R-NE) reportedly received anonymous text messages and emails warning her husband to back Rep. Jim Jordan’s (R-OH) House speakership campaign ahead of Tuesday’s vote ...

Congressman’s Wife Receives Anonymous Texts Warning Husband to Vote For Jim Jordan: ‘Will Not Hold Any Political Office Ever Again’

Supporters of Rep. Jim Jordan’s (R-Ohio) House speakership quest have targeted the wife of a Republican lawmaker opposing his bid, sending her anonymous text messages and emails warning that her ...

Wife of GOP lawmaker gets anonymous texts pressuring her to push husband to vote for Jim Jordan

When users scroll through Facebook, Google or Instagram and come across ads, they are probably not looking to install the app straightaway. But App Store visitors sure are. They are helping users find what they are looking for, rather than disturbing and ...

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Online ads are delivering less bang for the click these days, so brands are turning to an old brick-and-mortar marketing gimmick: handing out free samples at the local supermarket. In stores ...

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The super PAC aligned with Tim Scott is canceling its massive ad blitz on behalf of the South Carolina senator's Republican presidential campaign. Trust In the Mission PAC, also known as "TIM PAC ...

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Cryptocurrency faucets or crypto faucets are websites and mobile applications that allow the users to obtain a small amount of cryptocurrency in exchange for the performance of certain tasks. A crypto faucet can best be imagined as a small tap that gives drops of different coins for completing a captcha, registering on a site or clicking on a timer. They are not guaranteed to turn you into a billionaire overnight, but they may be a good option for you if you are looking for ways to gather and hold coins. How Did Crypto Faucets Come Into Existence? Cryptocurrency faucets were designed initially to increase coin ownership and increase the popularity of cryptocurrency. For example, the first bitcoin faucet was developed . by Gavin Andersen in 2010 Then, the reward was as high as 5BTC. Eleven years later, bitcoin faucets do not usually give rewards of more than 20 satoshi per minute. Since the evolution of the first bitcoin faucet, there have been many other crypto faucets such as Dogecoin faucets, Bitcoin cash faucets, Litecoin faucets, Monero faucets, and Ethereum faucets. These faucets are numerous and the rewards they offer differ based on timing, the number of people on the site or app, and the task assigned. All of these faucets usually have minimum withdrawal limits with or without a withdrawal charge. When the limit is reached, you can now withdraw your coin into your multi-coin wallet or a specific wallet created for that purpose. How Crypto Faucets Afford To Pay You Cryptocurrency faucets are run through websites or mobile applications. The owners of these faucets make money from ads displayed on the websites, downloads on app stores, and ads viewed on mobile applications. In all sincerity, crypto faucets do not give away cryptocurrency for free. Faucet owners use CoinAd, Anonymous Ads, and affiliate marketing to cash out from the numerous visits to their mobile applications and websites daily. How Much Can I Make From A Cryptocurrency Faucet? If you are interested in becoming a billionaire within a year, crypto faucets may not be the thing for you. The most popular bitcoin faucets will offer 20 satoshi per transaction and at the end of a full day spent on a faucet, you might make less than $5. An hour on Fiverr or your regular day job would give you more than that, with less cost of electricity and time. Although there are some cryptocurrency faucets with higher rewards, it will take time for the coins to become tangible. On the other hand, if you are a low-risk investor and putting your money into cryptocurrency could leave you with palpitations, crypto faucets are the way to go. In addition, crypto faucets provide a way for you to collect and hold coins for a long period of time. These faucets also provide referral programs in which you can earn coins when you invite people to register on the website or app. These referral programs are a good way to make a lot of coins, if you have a large social media presence. Be Wary of Crypto Faucet Scams Some crypto faucet owners intentionally decide not to pay website and app users even after making a lot of money off ad viewership. There are many scams involved: a common one is logging the user out of the website or app once the payment threshold is reached. Another scam method is requesting some form of payment after which the user is not able to get their coin. In other cases, the faucet slows almost before the payment threshold is reached or the coin is wiped off the wallet after the task completion. There are many scams in the cryptocurrency faucet world, so you should check reviews online before registering on a new crypto faucet app or website. This will enable you to save your time, electricity, and money. Are Crypto Faucets A Way to Increase Passive Income or A Complete Waste of Time? Cryptocurrency faucets can help you grow your income on the side. However, they are not guaranteed to make you rich. In terms of time spent on faucets, freelancing is a better option. However, there is a slight possibility of collecting a coin that may become very significant in years to come. In my personal opinion, crypto faucets should only be done in your spare time. Spending your entire day trying to get coins is too expensive in time, electricity, and mental health. Cryptocurrency faucets make the owners and the users some money: they are not completely useless. However, crypto faucet owners make a lot of money for a meager coin distribution to the crypto faucet users. I hope that imbalance is corrected: maybe I will try to change that when I create my own cryptocurrency faucet.

What are Cryptocurrency Faucets?

Craig Wright's Tangled Web of Lies in Bitcoin's Origin Story

Wei Dai Source: and steemkr.com Blockwhat? And again, our cosplaying con man just can’t keep a Bitcoin origin story straight. Let’s have a quick look at the, pretty limited, email exchanges between Satoshi Nakamoto and cypherpunk Wei Dai that we know about. And then we dive into what Craig Wright ‘remembers’ of his contacts with Wei Dai. : First email from Satoshi Nakamoto to Wei Dai. August 22, 2008 In July or August 2008 Adam Back received an email from Satoshi Nakamoto about an “e-cash whitepaper” (the name Bitcoin didn’t exist yet). Adam suggested Satoshi should look into b-money, which Satoshi didn’t seem to know about yet at that time. On August 22, 2008 Satoshi contacted Wei Dai for the first time about b-money as he wanted to cite b-money in his e-cash whitepaper. “From: "Satoshi Nakamoto" Sent: Friday, August 22, 2008 4:38 PM To: "Wei Dai" satoshi@anonymousspeech.com weidai@ibiblio.org Cc: "Satoshi Nakamoto" satoshi@anonymousspeech.com Subject: Citation of your b-money page I was very interested to read your b-money page.  I'm getting ready torelease a paper that expands on your ideas into a complete working system.Adam Back (hashcash.org) noticed the similarities and pointed me to yoursite. I need to find out the year of publication of your b-money page for thecitation in my paper.  It'll look like:[1] W. Dai, "b-money," http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt, (2006?). You can download a pre-release draft athttp://www.upload.ae/file/6157/ecash-pdf.html Feel free to forward it toanyone else you think would be interested. Title: Electronic Cash Without a Trusted Third Party Abstract: A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allowonline payments to be sent directly from one party to another without theburdens of going through a financial institution.  Digital signaturesoffer part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trustedparty is still required to prevent double-spending.  We propose a solutionto the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network.  The networktimestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain ofhash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed withoutredoing the proof-of-work.  The longest chain not only serves as proof ofthe sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the largestpool of CPU power.  As long as honest nodes control the most CPU power onthe network, they can generate the longest chain and outpace anyattackers.  The network itself requires minimal structure.  Messages arebroadcasted on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin thenetwork at will, accepting the longest proof-of-work chain as proof ofwhat happened while they were gone. Satoshi” Wei Dai’s reply: “Hi Satoshi. b-money was announced on the cypherpunks mailing list in 1998. Here's the archived post: http://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1998/11/msg00941.html There are some discussions of it at http://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1998/12/msg00194.html. Thanks for letting me know about your paper. I'll take a look at it and letyou know if I have any comments or questions. : There were no comments or questions though, so Satoshi Nakamoto send another, his second and last, email to Wei Dai. January 10, 2009 “From: Satoshi Nakamoto Sent: Saturday, January 10, 2009 11:17 AM To: weidai@weidai.com Subject: Re: Citation of your b-money page I wanted to let you know, I just released the full implementation of thepaper I sent you a few months ago, Bitcoin v0.1.  Details, download andscreenshots are at www.bitcoin.org I think it achieves nearly all the goals you set out to solve in yourb-money paper. The system is entirely decentralized, without any server or trustedparties.  The network infrastructure can support a full range of escrowtransactions and contracts, but for now the focus is on the basics ofmoney and transactions. There was a discussion of the design on the Cryptography mailing list. Hal Finney gave a good high-level overview: | One thing I might mention is that in many ways bitcoin is two independent | ideas: a way of solving the kinds of problems James lists here, of | creating a globally consistent but decentralized database; and then using | it for a system similar to Wei Dai's b-money (which is referenced in the | paper) but transaction/coin based rather than account based. Solving the | global, massively decentralized database problem is arguably the harder | part, as James emphasizes. The use of proof-of-work as a tool for this | purpose is a novel idea well worth further review IMO. Satoshi” More about these emails in this pretty good article by Deniz Tutku on CoinMonks: “ ”. Satoshi Nakamoto’s Email to Wei Dai To recap, Satoshi Nakamoto and Wei Dai only exchanged three (3) emails, according the . information on Gwern.net Now what does Craig Wright remember of this era, when he allegedly contacted Wei Dai? Quotes taken from my article “ ”, but originally these statements were outed by Craig Wright on November 22, 2021 during the afternoon session of the Kleiman v Wright trial on that day. The court transcript of this trial day can be found . Craig Wright And The BlackNet Lie here Those who were around at that time to follow the trial closely will remember this day as “BombShell Monday”, as Craig Wright was supposed to reveal a lot of Satoshi evidence. According his fan club, that was. “ ” And Wei Dai, way before this, like in the middle of the year, had sent me code for like some of the cryptographic algorithm, SHA and ECDSA. […] “ One of those [10-page whitepaper drafts] went to Wei Dai. […] There were a couple [of comments] I discussed with Wei Dai. He was more interested in how the code would work. Wei pointed me to a project he had been running called b-money. Wei discussed how b-money was very similar to what I was talking about, but he thought that my project wouldn’t scale. So he thought it would fail.” […] ” “I had a FTP site on upload.ie in Australia. That was — it hosted it going back till May. So it was technically there, and I pointed people out to the link, like Wei Dai and things, in May. We immediately notice several discrepancies between the Wei Dai emails and Craig Wright’s memory. Wei Dai did not send any code to Satoshi. Wei Dai never said that he thought Bitcoin wouldn’t scale and would fail. Nothing happened in May 2008 between Satoshi Nakamoto and Wei Dai, it only happened in August 2008 (2 emails) and in January 2009 (1 email). No comments were discussed between Satoshi Nakamoto and Wei Dai. It wasn’t Wei Dai who pointed Satoshi to b-money, it was Adam Back who pointed Satoshi Nakamoto to Wei Dai’s b-money project. So I asked Wei Dai what he thinks of these statements of Craig Wright, roleplaying as Satoshi Nakamoto. Wei Dai was very brief, but very clear. “The entirety of my communications with Satoshi consists of 3 emails, all posted on Gwern’s website.” Boom. Case closed. Thanks for reading.

Craig Wright: The Wei Dai Lies.

IBM 1401 Programming Systems by Anonymous is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . IBM 1401 Programming Systems here IBM 1401 Programming Systems P PR PRO SYSTEMS PROG YSTEMS PROGR STEMS PROGRA TEMS PROGRAM EMS PROGRAMM MS PROGRAMMI S PROGRAMMIN PROGRAMMING When companies order an IBM 1401 Data Processing System, methods-programming staffs are given the responsibility of translating the requirements of management into finished applications. 1401 Programming Systems are helping cut the costs of getting the computer into operation by simplifying and expediting the work of these methods staffs. Modern, high-speed computers, such as the 1401, are marvelous electronic instruments, but they represent only portions of data processing systems. Well-tested programming languages for communication with computers must accompany the systems. It is through these languages that the computer itself is used to perform many of the tedious functions that the programmer would otherwise have to perform. A few minutes of computer time in translating the program can be equal to many, many hours of staff time in writing instructions coded in the language of the computer. The combination of a modern computer plus modern programming languages is the key to profitable data processing. This brochure explains modern IBM Programming Languages and their significance to management. : Here an operator points to machine language instructions for a new application being generated by the 1401 system on the 1403 high-speed printer. Statements about the application which were written by the programmer are being translated internally to machine-coded language. Page 2 " " What Is A 1401 Program? A program is a series of instructions that direct the 1401 as it solves an application. " " What Is A Stored Program Machine? A stored program machine is one which stores its own instructions in magnetic form and is capable of acting on those instructions to complete the application assigned. The 1401 uses a stored program. " " What Are 1401 Programming Systems? There are two types: (1) Systems that provide the programmer with a simplified vocabulary of statements to use in writing programs, and (2) Pre-written programs, which take care of many of the everyday operations of the 1401. What 1401 Programming Systems Mean To Management: INCREASED PROGRAMMING EFFICIENCY Programmers can concentrate on the application and results rather than on a multitude of "bookkeeping" functions, such as keeping track of storage locations. FASTER TRANSLATION OF MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS INTO USABLE RESULTS Simplified programming routines allow programmers to write more instructions in less time. SHORTER TRAINING PERIODS Programmers use a language more familiar to them rather than having to learn detailed machine codes. REDUCED PROGRAMMING COSTS Many pre-written programs are supplied by IBM, eliminating necessity of customers' staffs writing their own. MORE AVAILABLE 1401 TIME Pre-written programs have already been tested by IBM, reducing tedious checking operations on the computer. EASIER TO UNDERSTAND PROGRAMS Programs are written in symbolic or application-oriented form instead of computer language. This enables management to communicate more easily with the programming staff. FASTER REPORTS ON OPERATIONS Routines such as those designed for report writing permit faster translation of management requirements into usable information. IBM Programming Systems Symbolic Programming Systems These systems permit programs to be written using meaningful names (symbols) rather than actual machine language. Autocoder This is an advanced symbolic programming system. It allows generation of multiple machine instructions from one source statement, free-form coding, and an automatic assembly process through magnetic tape. COBOL COBOL is a problem-oriented programming language for commercial applications. COBOL permits a programmer to use language based on English words and phrases in describing an application. [A] Input/Output Control System This system provides the programmer with a packaged means of accomplishing input and output requirements. Utility Programs These are pre-written instructions to perform many of the everyday operations of an installation. Subroutines These are routines for multiplication, division, dozens conversion, and program error detection aids. Tape Utilities These are generalized instructions, particularly useful to 1401 customers who also use larger data processing systems. They facilitate the transfer of data between IBM cards, magnetic tapes, and printers. They also provide for some 1401 processing while the transfer of data is taking place. Tape Sort Programs Data can be sorted and classified at high speed for further processing by use of these generalized sorting routines. Report Program Generator The programmer uses simplified, descriptive language with which he is already familiar to obtain reports swiftly and efficiently. FORTRAN ( FOR TRAN ) Contraction of mula slator Engineers and mathematicians state problems in familiar algebraic language for solution by the computer. RAMAC® File Organization Routines are supplied for simplifying organization of records for storage in the 1401 Random Access File. Here's how one of the 1401 programming systems—Report Program Generator—works to increase programming efficiency 1401 computers produce important reports for management in record time because of their outstanding processing and printing abilities. In addition to this rapid machine processing of used in reports, still more speed is achieved by the rapid preparation of to produce the reports. This is possible because of the IBM Report Program Generator, a unique system which permits programs to be created with a minimum of time and effort. input data programs This example illustrates how the Report Program Generator simplifies the preparation of one part of an Expense Distribution Report (The Major Total Line): Without the Report Program Generator, the program to get the Major Total Line would be written out in detail, step by step: But with the Report Program Generator, all the programmer has to write are these two statements: It's just as easy to write the statements to generate the rest of the report! The 1401 itself does the work of converting the programmers' statements into the detailed instructions. The Report Program Generator is an example of what IBM Programming Systems can accomplish. With IBM you can be certain of total systems support for maximum profitability. IBM® Stands For Service Service that begins long before the delivery of a computer ... and continues in depth long after. Service that has been by years of data processing experience. proven New IBM Services include: Programmed Applications Library Pre-tested computer programs designed to handle various major data processing functions common to firms within a specific industry. Programming Systems Support To keep customers up-to-date on the availability and use of all new programming systems. To assist the IBM programming staff in reflecting customer requirements in the specification of new programming systems. Other services available to every IBM customer: Program Library A library of 1401 programs will be established to aid all 1401 customers in solving specific applications, scientific as well as commercial. These will include programs written by customers and programs written by IBM. Schools and Seminars Executive schools for management personnel. Programming schools for methods personnel. Industry seminars where customers meet to discuss subjects of common interest. Branch Offices More than 200 branch offices serve customer needs promptly and efficiently. Sales and Systems Representatives Experienced, highly trained individuals work with customers in applying IBM methods to their requirements. These are just a few of the many IBM services. Your IBM Sales Representative will be pleased to discuss all of them with you. International Business Machines Corporation Data Processing Division, 112 East Post Road White Plains, New York About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Anonymousan (2008). IBM 1401 Programming Systems. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27468/pg27468-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

IBM 1401 Programming Systems

IBM 1401 Programming Systems by Anonymous is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. Read this book online for free on HackerNoon! : IBM 1401 Programming Systems Title : Anonymous Author : December 9, 2008 [eBook #27468] Release date : English Language TABLE OF LINKS IBM 1401 Programming Systems About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Anonymousan (2008). IBM 1401 Programming Systems. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/27468/pg27468-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

IBM 1401 Programming Systems by Anonymous - Table of Links

Threat actors and APT (advanced persistent threat) groups around the globe are increasingly targeting cloud infrastructure as more organizations utilize cloud services for efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and potential security improvements. Over are believed to use the cloud in some capacity, creating an immense and extensive attack surface. 98% of organizations The Cyjax Cloud Threat Landscape report portrays a significant positive trend for attacks using or targeting cloud services over the past six months. This report outlines the notable threat actors, attacks, vulnerabilities, and service abuse observed and these events’ impact on the threat landscape. “Digital Transformation projects are moving quickly in many organizations to put systems in public clouds. Updating cloud threat models – especially when it comes to the growing external cloud attack surface of the organization is vital to protect those systems,” says Ian Thornton-Trump, CEO at Cyjax. Threats targeting cloud environments As the threat landscape constantly develops, new threat actors, attack methods, and malware strains are identified and observed targeting cloud services. Malicious groups are known to target the cloud and continue to attack misconfigured systems and cloud containers, while new malware strains have been developed and identified in the wild. Additionally, DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attacks from threat actors have caused significant disruption to services such as Microsoft Azure. Misconfigurations and malware TeamTNT is a German-speaking threat group known for targeting misconfigured Docker and Kubernetes systems to spread cryptocurrency mining malware. The threat group weaponizes developer tools and custom malware, and open-source tools. The group was observed operating previously undiscovered malware to steal proprietary data and software. A threat actor exhibiting similar behavior to the TeamTNT group exfiltrated AWS credentials but has recently expanded its tactics to steal Azure and Google Cloud Platform credentials. It is not only commonly used cloud services targeted in attacks against cloud infrastructure. For example, Linux cloud workloads are also impacted, portraying the widespread nature of threat actor tactics used against these services. With such attacks affecting the cloud landscape, organizations are constantly working to patch vulnerabilities and mitigate threats. However, tools offered by cloud providers are often available only to premium users, leaving non-premium users on the search for cloud monitoring and auditing tooling. DDoS attacks Throughout June 2023, by hacktivist group AnonymousSudan, an alleged member of pro-Russia Killnet. The group is known to conduct DDoS attacks against organizations in various sectors. It often carries out these attacks in relation to geopolitical developments, such as the ongoing war in Ukraine. Attacks like these disrupt services that may require consistent and immediate access, especially for organizations using cloud services to store critical and sensitive information. DDoS attacks can last several hours, impacting operations significantly longer as the provider recovers. Microsoft services were targeted Supply chain attacks Organizations can utilize cloud services to reduce local storage and performance strain or improve operational effectiveness. However, transferring data compromise risks to a third party can result in significant damage when the organization’s supply chain is targeted. For example, the Cyjax report mentions the devastating effects of zero-day vulnerability exploitation by the Cl0p ransomware group. resulting from such vulnerabilities can have disastrous consequences for affected organizations depending on the type, sensitivity, and volume of the leaked data. Data breaches “Although not surprising, the main threat identified in the report is supply chain compromise - when exploring Cl0p's recent attacks, the danger and potential damage cloud service compromise can cause becomes abundantly clear. Hundreds of companies have been named on Cl0p's leak site, and data is still being periodically released from the initial compromise on 27 May,” explains Adam Price, Cyjax Intelligence Analyst and Report Author. What is worrying, though, is that leaked files analyzed from these attacks indicate that end users did not encrypt files in transit or at rest on the hosting service, allowing the attackers unrestricted access to sensitive information. Threat actors utilize cloud services (instead of attacking them) Although threat actors target cloud services for compromise and exploitation, attackers also use cloud infrastructure during campaigns. “An interesting aspect of the landscape highlighted during the report’s writing was cloud service abuse. Threat actors are utilizing cloud services, notably file storage solutions like DropBox and Google Drive to host malicious payloads,” notes Adam Price. Rather than attacking cloud services, these groups utilize cloud services to aid their attacks. A common tactic is to host malicious payloads and C2 servers on cloud hosting providers to prevent permanent infrastructure from being taken down or flagged as malicious. Once the malicious behavior is detected, a threat actor can transfer the payload to another instance or hosting service. For example, Kimsuky, which is believed to be an arm of the North Korean General Reconnaissance Bureau, specializes in network infiltration through sophisticated spear-phishing campaigns that abuse legitimate tools, such as cloud services, including Google Drive. These services are leveraged to host malicious documents containing embedded macros that download a payload, connecting victim devices to the group’s C2 server. Vulnerabilities and exploits affecting cloud services may allow attackers to conduct campaigns targeting vulnerable systems, resulting in targeted attacks with specific expected outcomes. In the past six months, Cyjax observed an increase in flaws affecting cloud services, with over 300 new vulnerabilities identified since January 2023. The above flaws highlight the importance of regular vulnerability scanning and patching, specifically for critical-rated ones affecting publicly exposed or endpoint-facing instances due to their potentially destructive impact. Further policies and procedures, such as least privilege, should be followed, and patches should be implemented as soon as possible to mitigate potential attacks. "We are seeing from the dynamic range of attacks and fast-paced tactical shifts that there appears to be, more than ever, a sharing of TTPs between Threat Actors indicating a fast-changing approach to 'state sponsored'; whereby APTs and hacktivists may be political knights and pawns in the current game of cyber chess with checkmate being the access through the cloud attack surface or the disruption of vital services. Capturing a holistic view of the changing threat landscape is not only necessary but vital in these fast-moving times," says Chris Spinks, Cyjax Head of Operations “The threat actors develop their strains of malware, leverage misconfigurations of cloud resources and software, and quickly weaponize proof-of-concept vulnerability exploits.  Its critical organizations understand what cloud security controls need to be deployed to detect, respond, and prevent adversaries from gaining a successful cloud foothold,” concludes Ian Thornton-Trump. To learn more about the evolving cloud threat landscape, . download the Cyjax report

What Cloud-First Organizations Can Learn from the Latest Cyjax Cloud Threat Landscape Report

In this article, I will describe my favorite tools for spotting N+1 problems in database queries, for Laravel projects. This will come in handy when developing new projects or when debugging slow responses from any legacy code you’d have to work with. Example objective We have devices in the wild ( ) reporting temperatures ( ). Every sample is stored in a database. Device model Sample model Our task: create an API to return with the last 100 samples across the whole platform and provide the device’s hardware ID and location for every sample. JSON Response structure: {
  "data": [
    {
      "temp": 18,
      "hardware_id": "8381fa1a-d2b3-3c67-815a-6884b80099d4",
      "location": "Rauport",
      "datetime": "2022-07-26 16:03:32"
    },
    {
      "temp": -8,
      "hardware_id": "e934c789-2326-37ab-82cc-37aec840fcff",
      "location": "Braxtonhaven",
      "datetime": "2022-07-26 16:05:02"
    },
    {
      "temp": -5,
      "hardware_id": "4694d32b-4ce2-3971-94f7-76664fbf872c",
      "location": "Thaliaberg",
      "datetime": "2022-07-26 16:09:59"
    }
  ]
} I will have an N+1 query inside the resource mapper object on purpose, then we’ll look into ways to debug this type of problem and catch them early. Global outlook Device model <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;

class Device extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = [
        'hardware_id',
        'location',
    ];

    public function samples(): HasMany
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Sample::class);
    }
} Sample model with Device relation <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;

class Sample extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    public $timestamps = false;

    protected $fillable = [
        'device_id',
        'temp',
        'created_at',
    ];

    public function device(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Device::class);
    }
} Seeder class to have some data <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\Device;
use App\Models\Sample;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        $devices = Device::factory()->count(20)->create();
        $ids = $devices->pluck('id');

        for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) {
            Sample::factory()->create([
                'device_id' => $ids->random(1)->first(),
            ]);
        }
    }
} JSON Resource <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Resources;

use App\Models\Sample;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

/**
 * @property-read Sample $resource
 */
class SampleResource extends JsonResource
{
    public function toArray($request): array|\JsonSerializable|Arrayable
    {
        return [
            'temp'        => $this->resource->temp,
            'hardware_id' => $this->resource->device?->hardware_id,
            'location'    => $this->resource->device?->location,
            'datetime'    => $this->resource->created_at,
        ];
    }
} Controller (broken version) <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Resources\SampleResource;
use App\Models\Sample;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\AnonymousResourceCollection;

class SampleController extends Controller
{
    public function last100(): AnonymousResourceCollection
    {
        return SampleResource::collection(
            Sample::latest()->limit(100)->get()
        );
    }
} You can see here we introduced an N+1 query problem. The fix, in this case, is very easy and will just be adding . ->with(['device']) Controller (fixed version) <?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Http\Resources\SampleResource;
use App\Models\Sample;
use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\AnonymousResourceCollection;

class SampleController extends Controller
{
    public function last100(): AnonymousResourceCollection
    {
        return SampleResource::collection(
            Sample::latest()->with(['device'])->limit(100)->get()
        );
    }
} Our options For handling this kind of problem we have those options: Laravel 8, Laravel 9+ - disabled lazy load Laravel Debugbar Telescope DB query log Laravel 8, Laravel 9 — disabled lazy loading https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/eloquent-relationships#preventing-lazy-loading?embedable=true A good option when you’re starting from scratch. Enable this globally for non-production environments. That’s all you will ever need. Not an option if you inherit an already large project, so you can start disabling lazy loading in your newer test cases (and some older ones) and see if it breaks. Example test case: <?php

/** @test */
public function last100_lazy_load_disabled_when_correct_request_then_has_expected_query_count(): void
{
    Model::preventLazyLoading();
    $this->seed(DatabaseSeeder::class);

    // act
    $this->withoutExceptionHandling();
    $response = $this->getJson(route('api.last100'));

    // assert
    $response->assertOk();
} While our route is not fixed we’ll get a failing test. **Illuminate\Database\LazyLoadingViolationException : Attempted to lazy load [device] on model [App\Models\Sample] but lazy loading is disabled.** All further mentioned packages are useful in day-to-day development and their APIs can be injected into tests to find the bottlenecks and explore how your app behaves. Laravel Debugbar https://github.com/barryvdh/laravel-debugbar?embedable=true Laravel Debugbar test case: <?php

/** @test */
public function last100_debugbar_when_correct_request_then_has_expected_query_count(): void
{
    $this->seed(DatabaseSeeder::class);
    $debugbar = new LaravelDebugbar();
    $debugbar->boot();

    // act
    $this->getJson(route('api.last100'));

    // assert
    $queryCount = count($debugbar->collect()['queries']['statements']);
    $this->assertSame(2, $queryCount);
} We expect our route to only use 2 queries: 1st would be to select 100 samples, second to select all devices with . whereIn(…devices_id…) While our route is not fixed we’ll get a failing test. **_Failed asserting that 101 is identical to 2._** PRO TIP: Use within your or so tests don’t have additional debug overhead (when not required). DEBUGBAR_ENABLED=false phpunit.xml .env.testing Telescope https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/telescope?embedable=true Telescope test case: <?php

/** @test */
public function last100_telescope_when_correct_request_then_has_expected_query_count(): void
{
    // phpunit.xml: change => <env name="TELESCOPE_ENABLED" value="true"/>
    $this->seed(DatabaseSeeder::class);
    /** @var EntriesRepository $storage */
    $storage = resolve(EntriesRepository::class);

    // act
    $this->getJson(route('api.last100'));

    // assert
    $entries = $storage->get(
        EntryType::QUERY,
        (new EntryQueryOptions())->limit(100)
    );
    // finds all queries executed in SampleResource file
    $queryCount = $entries->filter(fn($e) => str_contains($e->content['file'], 'SampleResource'))
        ->count();
    $this->assertSame(0, $queryCount);
} We expected our file to not execute any queries. When running this test with our broken controller we get a fail: SampleResource **_Failed asserting that 100 is identical to 0._** PRO TIP: Use within your or so tests don’t have additional debug overhead (when not required). TELESCOPE_ENABLED=false phpunit.xml .env.testing you need it set to for my example test case to work. BUT true Let me know if you have a solution to this, I want but enabled on an ad-hoc basis during the test case. TELESCOPE_ENABLED=false DB facade — query log Using a DB facade we can enable query log on an ad-hoc basis and get a hint on what’s going on during our request. DB facade test case: <?php

/** @test */
public function last100_dbquerylog_when_correct_request_then_has_expected_query_count(): void
{
    $this->seed(DatabaseSeeder::class);

    // act
    DB::enableQueryLog();
    $this->getJson(route('api.last100'));
    DB::disableQueryLog();

    // assert
    $queryLog = DB::getQueryLog();
    $queryCount = collect($queryLog)->filter(
        fn($log) => str_contains($log['query'], 'select * from "devices" where "devices"."id"')
    )->count();
    // we expected only 1 query for all devices
    $this->assertSame(1, $queryCount);
} We expect only 1 query that retrieves all devices, but we get 100: **_Failed asserting that 100 is identical to 1._** The sample repository for this article can be found . here Bonus: have test coverage for query count Just an idea — if you want to be sure your API will not introduce N+1 problems during refactoring and/or new release — have them test covered with similar cases that compare the expected number of queries to the actual number of queries. Also published here.

How to Spot N+1 SQL Query Problems Early for Laravel Projects

This is the era of mobile apps. We get everything - from critical business information to entertaining videos and games - on our mobile devices. Information is right at our fingertips, and we are always striving to catch up with the outside world. As per , an average smartphone user has 80 apps installed. App Annie In this highly competitive market of mobile apps, each app development company looks for ways in which they can reach maximum users, and retain these users for as long as possible. Engaging users continuously is a tricky business. Knowing what your customers want and using this information to build better versions of the app is the key to success. In-app event data is your direct link to the customers’ minds, and using it efficiently can prove to be the differentiating factor between you and the competition. What are in-app events and event data In-app events are the records of activities of users within the application, right from the moment the user installs the app. A few examples of event data could be Registration, Login, Tutorials Completed, etc. You can also gather rich in-app events with a number of parameters, or through a stream of multiple events. For example, you can determine whether the user has made any purchase, or which engagement campaign brought the user to your application. Moreover, you can measure abstract information with a large volume of event data, such as which campaign brought more revenue-generating users. Why do you need to track in-app events Building a unique app is hard; however, it is harder to reach out to the right audience and engage them with your application. We love personalized things and try to find products that suit our needs the best. In-app events allow us to find the features that are most liked by the users and thus generate revenue from in-app purchases. As per , a user spends around 5-6 minutes on an app per session. To ensure that the user comes back to the app, it is important to give the best experience to the user during this short period of time. Perfecting that experience for the user demands the knowledge of the pain points of the user of the application, or what keeps the user engaged. And that is only possible once we start measuring various in-app metrics. Statistica What should you track and what not Ideally, you would want to know as much as you can regarding the users and their behavior, which means there shouldn’t be any limitation on the volume of data collected and analyzed. However, analytics services come with a price tag and you often need to restrict them in terms of what to track and how much. That said, following some best practices when tracking your in-app event data can help you optimize the process, and ensure you get the best return on investment. The following are the best practices to set up an event stream. 1. Finalize the questions you want to answer with your event data. It is very important to determine beforehand what kind of insights you want from the event data. For example, questions such as “How long is a user taking to make his initial purchase?” or “How many levels do the users play on an average before making the purchase?” are worth asking of your data. This is the most important bit. Answers to these questions define the overall goal of tracking and monitoring in-app data. In-app data can also give you some subtle inferences such as, which particular level in a game is too hard to pass and where most of the users are getting dropped off. 2. Specify the event properties that will answer the above questions. Specify this along with the stream of events. For example, to answer the question above, you can generate streams such as “Login”, “Tutorial Completed”, “Level Completed” (for ~4-5 times), and “Purchase”. 3. Make sure the analytics platform suits your needs across your teams. A single platform may not be able to answer all your questions through your event data straight away. Your marketing team may need a different report whereas your customer support team may need the entire data to answer a user complaint. Identifying the needs of various concerned teams across your organization and picking the right platform that serves them all reduces a lot of time, effort, and money. 4. Test your event data. This is the most critical step of your decision-making because once you distribute your app, there is no easy way to go back and fix the problem with your analytics instrumentation code. Event analysis instrumentation is as important as your feature development. . 5. Find the right tool to analyze the data Powerful reports help you analyze your data and make informed decisions on that. It is hard to find a single tool that meets all our needs. As a result, you end up using multiple platforms to analyze data, create ROI, and build an audience on top of that. From an application developer’s perspective, once you decide to use a new analytics platform, you end up implementing their SDKs and start instrumenting the event data at different action points of the app. This approach comes with its own difficulties: You write a lot of code to meet the needs of the data format of different platforms and eventually increase the size of the application. Distributing the application through App Store and Play Store (different apps built for iOS and Android) brings us two different versions of the apps that are being used by different sets of users. Moreover, different SDKs do their own processing which results in killing limited resources of the mobile device and draining up the battery. Now, if you want to control your event data flow to the right platform without getting into these issues, you need a central system that will route this event data intelligently and efficiently. At RudderStack, we are addressing these issues with a couple of approaches. We have developed SDKs for , , and , and defined a unified event structure to meet the needs of different analytics platforms. Along with that, we have intelligent transformers on our server-side to take care of the delivery of your events to the destination platform of your choice. On the other hand, if you want to explore the features of the native SDK of a  platform, we support that too. Android iOS Unity Few hacks and tips for setting-up your event data Here are a few key things to keep in mind while designing your event data. These considerations may vary with the platform or the product. Event Properties: This can infer a pattern of the usage of the app. For example, on an E-commerce platform, most of the users check new arrivals while traveling back from work or at bedtime. Time of the event generated or the timestamp of the event: This will help you to re-target the user or engage them with more personalized stuff since all of their activities are captured under the same identification. Associate the user with identification or anonymousId: : User Properties This will help you to build a set of loyal users as well as to build an ROI of dropped-out users. Time of the first usage of the application: This will tell more about the buying pattern of the user. The number of purchases made through the platform: You can also identify high-revenue users and those who do not add to your app revenue. Total revenue from the user: : How to name events It is advised to name the events as Object + Action to avoid confusion. For example, “Product Added” or “Order Completed” is much unambiguous than “Product” or “Order”. : Take care of your payment data In the case of in-app purchases, it is best to have an alternate way to validate the payment through purchase tokens. Failing to do so may lead to compromised accuracy. In conclusion In a nutshell, thinking ahead of how you want to use analytics to improve your app is very important. It is not a good idea to spend most of the time only developing your app, but dedicating only a couple of hours on leveraging analytics to improve it. Make decisions about what you want to know from your event stream, and ensure that the platform you have chosen is able to meet your needs. We, at , offer you a unified platform for all your event data collection and routing needs, with a special focus on data privacy. With our completely open source data plane, you also get the freedom to customize and transform your event data to suit the destination analytics platform's requirements. As many destinations charge on a per-event call basis, this can help you save a ton of money! RudderStack If you're interested in knowing more about event data analytics and how to get the most out of it in the best and cheapest way possible, please feel free to with your queries. reach out to us Previously published at https://rudderstack.com/blog/5-best-practices-for-tracking-in-app-events-data-analysis/

5 Best Practices for Tracking In-app Event Data

2008 : The Year It All Began Neil Kin, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry apply for an encryption patent application. Not only, did the deny any connection to Satoshi Nakamoto, the alleged mastermind behind Bitcoin, but they also registered the site Bitcoin.org in the same month itself, buying the domain name anonymously over anonymousspeech.com August Despite Kin, Oksman and Bry trying to sabotage Bitcoin, Nakamoto went ahead to release his white paper which depicted his idea for a purely peer-to peer version of electronic cash. He provided the basic fundamental solution to the problem of virtual money being copied, giving electronic cash like Bitcoin the indispensable foundation to grow legitimately. October 2009 : The Rise of Genesis Mining The initial mining of Bitcoins began with the first block ‘Genesis’ being launched. Later in the month, the first transaction took place between Satoshi and Hal Finney who is a developer and a cryptographic artist. January BTC received its traditional equivalent of currencies. The New Liberty Standard established the value as 1$ = 1309 BTC. The equation took into consideration the cost of electricity that was required to run the computer that was used to create the bitcoins in the first place. October 2010–11 : The Chaos Theory Laslo Hanyecz, a programmer from Florida sent 10,000 Bitcoins to a volunteer in England who spent about 25$ to order Hanycez a pizza from Papa John’s. One of the most major milestones in the history of Bitcoin, that pizza is valued at 1,961,034 pounds today. May 2010 A vulnerability in how the system verifies the value of Bitcoin is discovered and the organization gets hacked out of 184 Billion Bitcoins. The value of the currency that had risen to $1 in June, drops through the floor. August 2010 Bitcoin is thrown under the negative spotlight with inter-governmental group publishing a report on money laundering using new payment methods. The report was published right after discovering other vulnerabilities in the blockchain in September after the hack in August. October 2010 BTC reaches the 1 Mil$ mark. Based on the number of Bitcoins in circulation at the time, the valuation leads to a surge in the BTC value to $0.50/BTC. November 2010 The Silk Road, an illicit drugs marketplace which used Bitcoin as an untraceable way to buy and sell drugs online, is established. January 2011 Bitcoin reaches parity with the US Dollar, for the first time in its history. By June 2011, 1 BTC = $31, giving the currency a market cap of almost 206$ million. February 2011 After BTC market capitalization reached an all-time high of $1bn, Bitcoin Forum Founder Allinvain reports having 25,000 BTC stolen from his digital wallet. This marked the first major BTC theft, with a dollar equivalent of $375,000 being stolen at that time. 2013 : “Bitcoins Accepted Here”  June Federal Judge Mazzant backed Bitcoin by saying “It is clear that Bitcoin can be used as money to purchase goods and services” in a case against Trendon Shavers, the so-called ‘Bernie Madoff’ of Bitcoin. August With the US Senate holding its first hearing on the digital currency, the price of BTC escalated to 700$ along with Bitcoin receiving the blessing of Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve. November People’s Bank of China derides the usage of Bitcoin as currency be saying it has no ‘real meaning’ and should not be given the same status as of fiat cash, and subsequently bars Chinese financial institutions from handling BTC transactions. December 2014 : Increments in BTC Storage Bitcoin can no longer be considered as a “Currency for Criminals” with the US Govt auctioning off more than 29,000 bitcoins seized from The Silk Road. The use of Bitcoin often means that the identity of the user can be established. June George Osborne, the Chancellor of Exchequer, along with HM Treasury established their positive outlook on the BTC with a purchase of 20 pounds worth of Bitcoin and announced HM Treasury’s Call for Information on digital currencies. This offered digital currency businesses the chance to draw attention to the risks, benefits and give them the chance to potentially influence future Government policy. August Technology powerhouse Microsoft began accepting Bitcoins as payment. They could be used to buy games and videos on the X-Box, add apps and services to Windows phones or to buy Microsoft software. December 2015-Mid 2016 : The Slow and Steady Rise of BTC In this one and a half year, BTC slowly scaled up the charts to reach a value close 770$ by the June 2016, where it started with a lowly value 177$ in January 2015. The number of miners, developers associated with Bitcoin grew exponentially in this one and a half year 2017 : The Bitcoin BOOM! Come 2017 and Bitcoin starts breaking through the glass ceiling. It hit a high of almost 2900$ in the first half of 2017 itself. With Japan introducing new rules for digital currency and China letting down its guard a little, the worldwide demand for digital currency soared, leading to hype-cycle which in turn meant a bigger boom for the Bitcoin industry! The birth of Bitcoin Cash August 1 saw the birth of a brand-new cryptocurrency: “Bitcoin Cash,” sometimes referred to as “Bcash” and using the currency tickers “BCH” or “BCC.” Bitcoin Cash, initially defined by the Bitcoin ABC software implementation, was set to fork on August 1 at 12:20 p.m. UTC. Though, because of how Bitcoin nodes measure time, the actual fork happened a little bit later. Where is the BTC going next Through tighter regulations, there are several ways Bitcoin can go at this point, all of which point to a legitimate, widespread adoption by large institutions. Its journey into the financial mainstream has already begun, highlighting the necessity of digital currencies. HM Treasury’s report is encouraging traditional financial institutions to slowly shift towards digitizing their currency with the introduction of anti-money laundering, consumer protection and technical standardization for companies in the UK through digital currency. This will accelerate the integration of the Blockchain technology with financial services.

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